cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatology and the specter of the law

When I began my career with dual training in bioethics and law, my research and clinical interests were focused on the suffering of terminally ill adults due to unwanted treatment and how perceptions of law among health care providers contributed to this problem. A central goal of my work was to try to prevent situations where physicians would aggressively continue to treat patients in ways contrary to their expressed wishes and ignore the attempts of family members to implement the preferences of their loved ones. It was apparent that some physicians were so anxious about the impact of legal factors on their practice that they were willing to tolerate additional suffering of patients to protect themselves. Further, I suspected that many of these physicians were not well versed in the nuances of applicable laws and were making these judgments with inaccurate information. Hence my research was designed, in part, to dispel misperceptions by physicians of legal constraints on their practice and encourage them to educate themselves about law. I also hoped to suggest that some physicians modify their approach to cases of serious illness to evaluate all elements of the case proportionally, carefully considering the impact of suffering on both patients and families, rather than ascribing excessive importance to the impact of legal factors. Later in these pages, I will briefly describe some results of this research regarding cases of adult patients. As I became involved with ethical issues in neonatology, however,
Pulse generator failure due to blunt trauma

This case describes a 69-year-old male who had a permanent pacemaker implanted for sick sinus syndrome. He was struck by a car with a resultant failure of the pulse generator. Trauma-related failure of a pulse generator is a rare event. Its recognition is imperative in the overall management of the trauma patient.
Iatrogenic stigma in outpatient treatment for Hansen's disease (leprosy) in Brazil

This paper explores how iatrogenic stigma, or stigma that is produced through a patient's encounter with physicians or with biomedicine in general, might emerge in outpatient treatment for Hansen's disease, or leprosy. Based on in-depth interviews with people affected by Hansen's disease and observations conducted at several public health clinics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, this research identified several aspects of the biomedical encounter that generated or contributed to stigma, either felt or enacted. Also noted in the research were positive examples of techniques used by physicians and health care workers for minimizing or circumventing stigma. The paper touches upon several topics, such as culturally mediated responses to medication side effects and communication between health care workers and patients, that might be salient or useful for health educators and others who are attempting to reduce health-related stigma.
High temperature and high energy density dielectric materials

This paper summarizes some of the recent work that has been conducted in search of new dielectric ceramic materials that can operate at temperatures between 180 to 350°C. High temperature perovskite relaxor materials were developed with compositions close to morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB) within xBi(Me'Me'')O 3 -yPb(Mg ⅓ Nb ⅔ )O 3 -zPbTiO 3 ternary solid solutions. These materials show classical relaxor behavior with relative permivittivies ∼12,000, and T max∼270 to 300°C. Binary solid solutions with (1-x) BaTiO 3 -xBi(Me'Me'')O 3 , e.g: 0.35 BaTiO 3 -.0.65 BiScO 3 have a much suppressed relaxor characteristic with relative permittivities ∼1000, and these materials have relatively weak voltage saturation, and therefore can maintain relatively stable energy densities ∼8 J/cm3 in multilayer form up to relatively high temperatures ∼200°C. Other opportunities for dielectrics is in non-ferroelectric dielectrics, here commercial COG dielectric capacitors with a relative permittivity ∼35, that are cofired with nickel multilayer electrodes and based on 0.95CaZrO 3 -0.05 SrTiO 3 binary solutions are contrasted against commercial polymer capacitors. It is found in the COG capacitors the energy density ∼ 5 J/cm3 and high temperature performance∼200°C with capacitors approaching 1microFarad. With recoverable energy density as a key parameter, the dielectric breakdown strength is very important, recently we have considered the use of an alkali free glass when the thickness is of the order 20 microns and below. Here the energy densities have been observed as high as 35 J/cm3, the other attractive characteristics noted is preliminary evidence of graceful failure processes in these dielectric glasses.
Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration

We present an interactive system for creating pen-and-ink-style line drawings from greyscale images in which the strokes of the rendered illustration follow the features of the original image. The user, via new interaction techniques for editing a direction field, specifies an orientation for each region of the image; the computer draws oriented strokes, based on a user-specified set of example strokes, that achieve the same tone as the image via a new algorithm that compares an adaptively-blurred version of the current illustration to the target tone image. By aligning the direction field with surface orientations of the objects in the image, the user can create textures that appear attached to those objects instead of merely conveying their darkness. The result is a more compelling pen-and-ink illustration than was previously possible from 2D reference imagery. CR
Use of regularization method in the determination of ring parameters and orbit correction [storage rings]

We discuss applying the regularization method of Tikhonov (1977) to the solution of inverse problems arising in accelerator operations. This approach has been successfully used for orbit correction on the NSLS storage rings, and is presently being applied to the determination of betatron functions and phases from the measured response matrix. The inverse problem of differential equations often leads to a set of integral equations of the first kind which are ill-conditioned. The regularization method is used to combat the ill-posedness. >
Energy saving mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e wireless MAN

In this paper, we study energy consumption for the IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless access (BWA) network, A mobile subscriber station goes to sleep-mode after negations with the base station and temporarily wake-up periodically for a short interval to check whether there is downlink traffic to it to decide whether it goes to wake-mode or continues to be in the sleep-mode. The sleep interval is increased exponentially upon no arrival traffic. We analytically model the sleep-mode scheme and validate the model with simulations.
Clustering of sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and breast cancer in a woman as a new cancer susceptibility disorder: a case report.

Introduction Multiple distinct tumors arising in a single individual or within members of a family raise the suspicion of a genetic susceptibility disorder.
Nitrogenase activity and N2 fixation are stimulated by elevated CO2 in a tropical N2-fixing tree

Seeds of Gliricidia sepium, a fast-growing woody legume native to seasonal tropical forests of Central America, were inoculated with N2-fixing Rhizobium bacteria and grown in environmentally controlled glasshouses for 67–71 days under ambient CO2 (35 Pa) and elevated CO2 (70 Pa) conditions. Seedlings were watered with an N-free, but otherwise complete, nutrient solution such that bacterial N2 fixation was the only source of N available to the plant. The primary objective of our study was to quantify the effect of CO2 enrichment on the kinetics of photosynthate transport to nodules and determine its subsequent effect on N2 fixation. Photosynthetic rates and carbon storage in leaves were higher in elevated CO2 plants indicating that more carbon was available for transport to nodules. A 14CO2 pulse-chase experiment demonstrated that photosynthetically fixed carbon was supplied by leaves to nodules at a faster rate when plants were grown in elevated CO2. Greater rates of carbon supply to nodules did not affect nodule mass per plant, but did increase specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) and total nitrogenase activity (TNA) resulting in greater N2 fixation. In fact, a 23% increase in the rate of carbon supplied to nodules coincided with a 23% increase in SNA for plants grown in elevated CO2, suggesting a direct correlation between carbon supply and nitrogenase activity. The improvement in plant N status produced much larger plants when grown in elevated CO2. These results suggest that Gliricidia, and possibly other N2-fixing trees, may show an early and positive growth response to elevated CO2, even in severely N-deficient soils, due to increased nitrogenase activity.
Integrating program evaluation and a new certification for information technology professionals

The Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals (ICCP) and the Center for Computing Education Research (CCER) have formed a coalition of 40 universities and colleges to develop an outcome assessment examination reflecting the objectives and learning units espoused in the IS 2002 Model Curriculum. An early version of this examination was beta tested in 2003 by over 500 students. A subsequent revised version has been beta tested in 2004 by over 800 students enrolled in IT related programs at the coalition schools.The assessment examination serves as a common instrument for integrating two related goals: (1) The CCER was formed to provide the assessment examination and related institutional feedback on programmatic preparation of graduates consistent with the IS 2002 Model Curriculum. (2) The ICCP created a new vendor-neutral professional certification titled "Information Systems Analyst" (ISA) based on successful assessment examination performance and completion of an IT related undergraduate degree for the purpose of credentialing entry level professionals based on their knowledge of information technology concepts and skills commonly taught in IT related programs. This paper describes these developments and explains how institutions may participate in the programmatic evaluation and individual credentialing programs.
Evaluation of Two Experimental Organic Acid Post Milking Teat Dips on Teat Health and Condition

A 4 week trial was conducted at the ISU dairy to evaluate the teat conditioning efficacy of two experimental organic acid teat dip formulas. Teat skin and teat end thickness and roughness were scored on each teat 2X/week. Results showed that teat skin was maintained at the optimum level (score 1) on all teats of all cows for both experimental products over the full trial period. Teat end condition remained stable (and excellent) during the test period and no significant differences were observed between treatments, scoring dates or the interaction treatment*score date. It is concluded that both experimental products have similar teat condition efficacy properties.
Hydrocarbons Depending on the Chain Length and Head Group Adopt Different Conformations within a Water-Soluble Nanocapsule: 1H NMR and Molecular Dynamics Studies

In this study we have examined the conformational preference of phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes) of different chain lengths included within a confined space provided by a molecular capsule made of two host cavitands known by the trivial name “octa acid” (OA). One- and two-dimensional 1H NMR experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to probe the location and conformation of hydrocarbons within the OA capsule. In general, small hydrocarbons adopted a linear conformation while longer ones preferred a folded conformation. In addition, the extent of folding and the location of the end groups (methyl and phenyl) were dependent on the group (H2C–CH2, HC═CH, and C≡C) adjacent to the phenyl group. In addition, the rotational mobility of the hydrocarbons within the capsule varied; for example, while phenylated alkanes tumbled freely, phenylated alkenes and alkynes resisted such a motion at room temperature. Combined NMR and MD simulation studies have confirmed ...
Field Evaluation of Advanced Training Technologies in Terminal Air Traffic Control

Currently, the FAA performs site-specific training for Terminal Air Traffic Control students at facilities using mainly non-automated methods of training. While higher fidelity simulation is used, much of the training occurs in classrooms and with instructors during on-the-job training, making it resource intensive and non-standardized. Innovative approaches to controller training need to be developed to improve efficiency, quality, and standardization across facilities, particularly as the air traffic system evolves towards the next generation (NextGen) of automation (FAA, 2009a). The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) is developing the Terminal Trainer Prototype, a web-based airspace training system that incorporates state-of-the art training and data-driven technology using templates for multimedia tutorials, serious games, simulations, and interactive discovery learning tools. This prototype has been undergoing field evaluation since September 2008, first at th...
Abstract 3009: Evaluating the role of cell cycle inhibition in celecoxib toxicity through microRNA analysis

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is a major health problem worldwide, with over 45,000 new cases predicted to occur in the United States in 2009. Adjuvant therapies that can augment established treatments for SCCHN without causing significant additional morbidity are needed for this disease. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition has emerged as a potential adjuvant to established treatment regimens for SCCHN with this concept in mind, as COX-2 is known to be overexpressed in SCCHN. Celecoxib is a COX-2 specific NSAID with known antineoplastic activity against many human tumors, and is currently being used in clinical trials as a chemopreventive agent and adjuvant to established chemotherapy and radiation therapy protocols. The underlying mechanism of celecoxib toxicity remains poorly understood. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated marked inhibition of cell cycle progression through the G1 phase and induction of apoptosis following treatment with celecoxib in SCCHN, leading to cell cycle phase-specific toxicity to S and G2 phase cells and induction of p21waf1/cip1 with downstream inhibition of nuclear E2F activity. We therefore hypothesize that decreasing the observed cell cycle inhibition induced by celecoxib treatment may augment celecoxib toxicity by inducing cells to progress through more highly toxic cell cycle phases during celecoxib exposure. Further understanding of the mechanism of G1 arrest following celecoxib administration is therefore needed to effectively exploit this potential toxicity. MicroRNAs have been implicated in the control of cell cycle transition in several recent publications in stem cells and human cancers, and we believe that they may be involved in the cell cycle arrest seen after celecoxib treatment in SCCHN. To evaluate this hypothesis, SCCHN cells were exposed to celecoxib for 24 hours and G1 arrest was confirmed via flow cytometry. RNA and protein were extracted from celecoxib-treated and control cells and microRNA expression profiles were established by quantitative real-time PCR microarray analysis. Alterations in cell cycle gene expression across the cell cycle were assessed by similar microarray, and targets were confirmed by further western blotting and PCR analysis. Correlations between microRNA alterations in celecoxib-treated cells and cell cycle control genes were observed and extrapolated. These data provide a microRNA and cell cycle gene expression signature for celecoxib treatment in SCCHN, and further illustrate the potential role that microRNA expression plays in control of G1 cell cycle checkpoint kinetics and subsequent celecoxib toxicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3009.
On “Adherence to clinical practice guidelines…” Rutten GM, Degen S, Hendriks EJ, et al. Phys Ther. 2010;90:1111–1122.

The article states that “higher percentage of adherence to the Dutch guidelines for low back pain is associated with better clinical outcomes.”1(p1119) This statement has spawned other overgeneralizations, such as the podcast statement.2 In fact, the descriptive study is much more …
Criticality of the Geological Copper Family

Because modern technology depends on reliable supplies of a wide variety of materials, and because of increasing concern about those supplies, a comprehensive methodology has been created to quantify the degree of criticality of the metals of the periodic table. In this paper, we apply this methodology to the elements of the geological copper family: Cu, As, Se, Ag, Te, and Au. These elements are technologically important, but show a substantial variation in different factors relating to their supply risk, vulnerability to supply restriction, and environmental implications. Assessments are made on corporate, national, and global levels for year 2008. Evaluations of each of the multiple indicators are presented and the results plotted in “criticality space”, together with Monte Carlo simulation-derived “uncertainty cloud” estimates for each of the aggregated evaluations. For supply risk over both the medium term and long term, As is the highest risk of the six metals, with Se and Ag nearly as high. Gold ha...
Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics and Epidemic Factor of Brucellosis in Jining City

Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and risk factors of the brucellosis, and to provide scientific and efficient measures for prevention and control. Methods Retrospective investigation and descriptive epidemiological study were used to analyze the cases from 2006 to 2009. Results In the 1980s,Jining city belongs to brucellosis prevalent district, mostly happened in Qufu county,Yanzhou county and Zoucheng county. Since 2006,epidemic situation spread over in crowds,and mostly happened in the person who contact the outside areas cattle and sheep,The cases were mainly young people,farmers,and males more than females. Not in place of beasts quarantine and lack of self protection caused the morbidity primary factor. Conclusion We should strengthen the official organization leaders,the branch cooperates,the strengthening of advocacy training,good job in quarantine and self protection to reduce the disease incidence rate.
Analysis on the Monitoring Drift of Wheel Alignment Testing Data

in this paper,the camera of automobile four wheel alignment machine used in the illumination environment is easy to cause image distortion and the detection data drift.We should take measures to monitor this problem,and according to the monitoring result we can make reasonable equipment calibration frequency,to avoid blind calibration,and ensure the detection result is true and effective.
A Day in the Life: How Time is Spent Doing Time among Older Inmates

Based on an interview study with 67 male inmates, aged 55 and above, at a medium security facility, the most common activities in reports on daily life were exercise, employment, and program participation. Respondents were considerably less active in these areas than older adults living in the community. Quantitative analysis showed that higher levels of involvement in activity were not correlated with enhanced health nor greater sociability. Inmates subjectively confirmed that tangible benefits from activity were lacking, reflected in their perceptions of insurmountable barriers to participation, constraints on initiative to pursue activity, and skepticism that participation would yield desirable outcomes.
Atomistic simulation of gate-all-around GaSb/InAs nanowire TFETs using a fast full-band mode-space NEGF model

Atomistic device simulations are presented to assess the potential of InAs/GaSb GAA NW n- and p-TFETs with diameter d of 5.45 nm. Using a recent breakthrough in atomistic modeling, more than 100∗ reduction in simulation time was achieved using a tight binding mode-space approach. This enabled full-band transport simulation for a device with ∼100,000 atoms, employing an accurate sp3s∗SO (10 orbitals/atom) tight binding basis. At IOFF of 10 pA/μm, an optimized n-TFET with a pocket region is predicted to have ION of 46 and 196 pA/μm at VDD of 0.3, and 0.5 V, respectively. This achieves a better energy-delay product than its MOSFET counterpart. Through careful design, similar performance can be achieved for p- and n-TFETs.
Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) models

Chapter 9 is devoted to the descriptions of generalized estimating equations (GEEs). First, I summarize the basic specifications and inferences of the original GEE model, including the construction of the working correlation matrix and the development of the quasi-likelihood information criteria. Some GEE advances are then introduced, consisting of Prentice’s GEE approach, Zhao and Prentice’s GEE method (GEE2), and the GEE models on odds ratios. Next, I compare the conditional and the marginal regression models with the argument that the application of GLMMs is a more suitable perspective than GEEs to predict marginal means in the analysis of non-normal longitudinal data. An empirical illustration is provided to display how to use GEEs in longitudinal data analysis. The analytic results from the illustration provide strong empirical evidence that modeling a complex covariance structure does not necessarily improve the quality of parameter estimates and the goodness-of-fit statistic in GEEs.
Simulated performance of the optical Thomson scattering diagnostic designed for the National Ignition Facility

An optical Thomson scattering diagnostic has been designed for the National Ignition Facility to characterize under-dense plasmas. We report on the design of the system and the expected performance for different target configurations. The diagnostic is designed to spatially and temporally resolve the Thomson scattered light from laser driven targets. The diagnostic will collect scattered light from a 50 × 50 × 200 μm volume. The optical design allows operation with different probe laser wavelengths. A deep-UV probe beam (λ0 = 210 nm) will be used to Thomson scatter from electron plasma densities of ∼5 × 1020 cm−3 while a 3ω probe will be used for plasma densities of ∼1 × 1019 cm−3. The diagnostic package contains two spectrometers: the first to resolve Thomson scattering from ion acoustic wave fluctuations and the second to resolve scattering from electron plasma wave fluctuations. Expected signal levels relative to background will be presented for typical target configurations (hohlraums and a planar foil).
Actionable metrics are better metrics

Abstract True, data is just data. But humans use data to lie all the time… with metrics. Metrics are a huge part of our evidence-based society. Metrics drive what data we collect, determine the exact phrasing of our conclusions, and shape our perspectives. One wrong step with a metric, and we can grossly misunderstand the world around us.
Vom nationalen Kanon zur postnationalen Konstellation

Angesichts der vielfaltigen Anstrengungen am Ende dieses Jahrhunderts, zu einer wirtschaftlichen, politischen und monetaren Einheit Europas zu kommen, stellen sich viele Fragen zur Zukunft einer europaischen Gemeinschaft auch hinsichtlich der Beziehungen zwischen den nationalen Kulturen und Institutionen. Ist eine europaische Kultur heute vorstellbar? Diese ware nicht mehr Curtius’ europaische Kultur auf der Grundlage einer universalen Sprache und Religion, sondern eine vielsprachige, ›vielfarbige‹ Kultur und Literatur der mannigfachen Uberschneidungen mit verschiedenen Kulturen der anderen Kontinente. In den modernen europaischen Literaturen funktionierte der Kanon bislang als ein ›Narrative‹, eine Erzahlung nationaler Kultur, die durch Gemeinschaft und Konsensus reguliert wird. Was wird die Zukunft der nationalen Literaturen und ihrer Kanones in einer immer hybrideren europaischen Kulturlandschaft sein? Ist das Ende jeden Kanons in Sicht, oder ist die Bildung eines europaischen Kanons die Alternative? Mit welcher Abgrenzung zum Nichtkanonischen und Nichteuropaischen? Die folgenden Uberlegungen zum post/nationalen Kanon sind auch vor dem Hintergrund dieser generelleren ethisch-politischen Fragen der europaischen Zukunft entstanden.
Hatred: Walter White Is Doing It All Wrong

In this chapter I argue that hate can be a virtue. Proper hate is directed at an individual whose actions are demeaning or degrading. The inflicting of harm on such a person, when appropriate and moderate, can secure moral goods. Hatred can reassert the demeaned person’s proper sense of self-esteem and reinforce social norms. Walter White feels demeaned by several characters in Breaking Bad. Sometimes he is correct in feeling insulted. Often he is oversensitive. Usually his response is excessive and immoderate. Walter White most often exhibits the excessive self-destructive hate that gives the virtue a bad name.
The impact of temporary tax changes on consumption: 2000–2015 ☆

Abstract This paper provides estimates of the impact of fiscal policy induced temporary increases in disposable income (TIDI) on personal consumption expenditures from 2000 to 2015. The regression analysis suggests an economically large impact of TIDI on consumption. The interpretations of the results as casual depends on the plausibility of the argument that fiscal policy changes were at least partly exogenous to contemporaneous shocks to personal consumption expenditures.
Working with International Students in the U.S. and Beyond: A Summary of Survey Research by NCDA International Student Services Committee

The career development process is one of the most important aspects of the international student experience. Providing comprehensive and culturally competent services requires institutional efforts that utilize best practices developmentally throughout the college experience and beyond. This article is based on the work of the International Student Services Committee of the National Career Development Association, especially the surveys conducted with international students, career development professional and employers. The authors focus on three major themes from the surveys: knowledge about work authorization options, impact of cultural differences on job search, and specialized career services for international students. Discussing these major themes, the authors report on best practices and future implications for supporting international student career development in the U.S. and beyond.
Metallic Two-Dimensional Nanoframes: Unsupported Hierarchical Nickel–Platinum Alloy Nanoarchitectures with Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity and Stability

Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts that have both high activities and long-term stabilities are needed for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and metal–air batteries. Two-dimensional (2D) materials based on graphene have shown high catalytic activities, however, carbon-based materials result in significant catalyst degradation due to carbon oxidation that occurs at high electrochemical potentials. Here, we introduce the synthesis and electrochemical performance of metallic 2D nanoframes which represent a new approach to translate 2D materials into unsupported (carbon-free) electrocatalysts that have both significantly higher ORR catalytic activities and stabilities compared with conventional Pt/carbon electrocatalysts. Metallic Ni–Pt 2D nanoframes were synthesized by controlled thermal treatments of Pt-decorated Ni(OH)2 nanosheets. The nanoframes consist of a hierarchical 2D framework composed of a highly catalytically active Pt–Ni alloy phase with an interconnected solid ...
A cavity-backed slot ESPAR E-plane array

A three-element cavity-backed slot ESPAR E-plane array is proposed in this paper. As with conventional ESPAR antennas, the parasitic cavities are fed by mutually coupling to the center cavity and each parasitic cavity is terminated with a tunable capacitor that provides the necessary phase shift for the desired beam scanning performance. Due to the difficulty of achieving E-plane coupling while simultaneously controlling the coupling level and phase, there have been few reported E-plane ESPAR antennas in the literature. In this paper, it is shown that these challenges can be overcome by exploiting the cavity geometry to achieve the desired coupling values; the required phase shift is achieved by changing the load impedance of the parasitic cavities. In full-wave simulations, it is observed that the proposed ESPAR E-plane array is able to steer the beam from −30 to 30 degrees, which is comparable to the beam-steering range of ESPAR antennas operating in the H-plane.
Abstract WP164: Role of Risk Factors in the Paradoxical Effect of Smoking on Peri-procedural Stroke in SAMMPRIS

Background: A previous SAMMPRIS analysis of patients randomized to stenting showed that peri-procedural ischemic infarcts were significantly associated with diabetes, basilar stenosis, age, and smoking status with never smokers having a higher risk (odds ratio = 8.8, p Method: Baseline features in 213 patients undergoing stenting in SAMMPRIS were compared between never smokers vs. former and current smokers in univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to determine the effect of smoking on peri-procedural ischemic infarcts after adjusting for factors related to smoking. Data: Univariate results are shown in Table 1. Never smokers were significantly (P Conclusion: While never smokers had significantly higher rates of some risk factors compared to active or previous smokers, these risk factors do not explain all the increased risk of early stroke in never smokers after stenting in SAMMPRIS. Another contributory factor may be that smoking accelerates the conversion of clopidogrel to its active form.
Foundations of General Fractional Analysis for Banach Space Valued Functions

Here we present a general fractional analysis theory for Banach space valued functions of real domain. A series of general Taylor formulae with Bochner integral remainder is presented. We discuss the continuity of general Riemann-Liouville Bochner fractional integrals and we prove their semigroup property. Then we introduce the right and left generalized Banach space valued fractional derivatives and we establish the corresponding fractional Taylor formulae with Bochner integral remainders. Furthermore we study the iterated generalized left and right fractional derivatives and we establish Taylor formulae for the case, and we find interesting Bochner integral representation formulae for them. We study the differentiation of the left and right Riemann-Liouville fractional Bochner integrals. At the end we give Ostrowski type inequalities on this general setting, plus other interesting applications. It follows [5].
Modeling of Joule Heating Induced Effects in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Interconnects

Electrothermal performance of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-based interconnects has been studied under the influence of self-heating. The interlayer insulator is a low-k ( $\varepsilon _{r}\sim 2$ ) dielectric. Various geometries have been studied for the normal operation and breakdown conditions. Electrothermal coupled equations have been solved iteratively by solving Fourier heat diffusion equation with a finite-element method. Within the relaxation time approximation, mean free path of the electron has been calculated under different scattering mechanisms. Landauer–Buttiker formalism resistance has been used for calculating electrical resistance. Breakdown voltages for varying MWCNT lengths have been calculated and found to be higher in MWCNT with a shorter length. Breakdown voltage varies from 8.2 to 12 V for inner diameters 10–40 nm of 5- $\mu \text{m}$ interconnect length and 50-nm outer diameter. Breakdown voltage decreases with the increase in the length of interconnect. For a 5- $\mu \text{m}$ long interconnect, the breakdown voltage is nearly 8 V whereas for the same diameter $1~\mu \text{m}$ long interconnect it is nearly 22 V. Breakdown current density depends on the geometry $\vphantom {_{\int }} $ of the MWCNT and is estimated on the order of $10^{8}$ A $\cdot $ cm−2.
Lightning-fast genome variant detection with GROM.

Current human whole genome sequencing projects produce massive amounts of data, often creating significant computational challenges. Different approaches have been developed for each type of genome variant and method of its detection, necessitating users to run multiple algorithms to find variants. We present Genome Rearrangement OmniMapper (GROM), a novel comprehensive variant detection algorithm accepting aligned read files as input and finding SNVs, indels, structural variants (SVs), and copy number variants (CNVs). We show that GROM outperforms state-of-the-art methods on 7 validated benchmarks using 2 whole genome sequencing (WGS) data sets. Additionally, GROM boasts lightning-fast run times, analyzing a 50× WGS human data set (NA12878) on commonly available computer hardware in 11 minutes, more than an order of magnitude (up to 72 times) faster than tools detecting a similar range of variants. Addressing the needs of big data analysis, GROM combines in 1 algorithm SNV, indel, SV, and CNV detection, providing superior speed, sensitivity, and precision. GROM is also able to detect CNVs, SNVs, and indels in non-paired-read WGS libraries, as well as SNVs and indels in whole exome or RNA sequencing data sets.
Profesionalización y construcción de sub-disciplinas médicas en Chile

no de los mitos fundacionales de la historia chilena plantea la peculiaridad del Estado nacional como una entidad estable, en abierta oposicion a la erratica trayectoriade los demas paises de la region. Sin embargo, el mito se derrumba facilmente apenas observamos que en materia de salud, medicos y miembros de la elite hicieron frente a obstaculos similares a los de otros paises de America Latina: infraestructura precaria, expansion – y legitimidad – accidentadas de ideas cientificas fuera de circulos medicos, lucha constante de profesionales en algunas subespecialidades medicas para lograr reconocimiento de sus pares, solo por nombrar algunas.
3D virtual intersection sight distance analysis using lidar data

Abstract Sight distance analyses require careful and detailed field measurements to facilitate proper engineering decision making regarding the removal of obstructions, establishment of regulatory and advisory speed limits, and the location of new access points, among numerous other purposes. However, conventional field measurements for these analyses present safety concerns because they require personnel to be in or adjacent to traffic lanes. They can also be time consuming, costly, and labor intensive. Furthermore, the predominantly two-dimensional (2D) methods involve simplifying assumptions such as a “standard” vehicle heights and lengths without considering the wide range of vehicles and drivers present on the road. Recently, many transportation agencies worldwide have begun to acquire mobile lidar data to map their roadway assets. These data provide a rich three-dimensional (3D) environment that enables one to virtually visit a site at any frequency and efficiently evaluate sight distances from the safety of the office. This study investigates advanced safety analysis methodologies for drivers’ sight distance based on high resolution lidar data. The developed simulation method enables users to virtually evaluate available sight distances in a 3D context considering a variety of objects, vehicle types, and multi-modal forms of transportation (e.g., bicycle, pedestrian). The feasibility of this technique was analyzed with a case study at an intersection located in Corvallis, Oregon, USA. The experimental results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methodology to capture significantly more detail on visibility constraints when compared with conventional measurements as well as provide more flexibility in the analysis.
Phase II study of the hyper-CVAD regimen in combination with ofatumumab as frontline therapy for adults with CD-20 positive ALL.

7065 Background: The hyperCVAD regimen is an effective frontline program for de novo adult ALL. CD20 expression was identified as an adverse prognostic factor, associated with a higher incidence of...
A nationwide study of treatment modalities for thoracic aortic injury.

Abstract Background Thoracic aortic injuries have traditionally been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair has emerged as a suitable alternative to open repair, but its impact at a national level remains ill defined. This study aimed to analyze the national trends of patient characteristics, outcomes, and resource utilization in the treatment of thoracic aortic injuries. Methods Patients admitted with thoracic aortic injuries from 2005–2014 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample. Patients were identified as undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair, open surgery, or nonoperative management. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, while secondary outcomes included complications and costs. Multivariate regressions accounting for characteristics of the patients and injury characteristics were used to determine predictors of mortality and changes in cost. Results Of the 11,257 patients admitted for thoracic aortic injuries, 33% received thoracic endovascular aortic repair, 8% open surgery, and 59% nonoperative management. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair had the great largest growth in case volume (P Conclusion Our findings indicate the rapid adoption of thoracic endovascular aortic repair over open surgery for management of thoracic aortic injuries. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair is associated with lower mortality rates, but it has greater costs not otherwise explained by other patient factors.
Investigating glottal parameters and teager energy operators in emotion recognition

The purpose of this paper is to study the performance of glottal waveform parameters and TEO in distinguishing binary classes of four emotion dimensions (activation, expectation, power, and valence) using authentic emotional speech. The two feature sets were compared with a 1941-dimension acoustic feature set including prosodic, spectral, and other voicing related features extracted using openSMILE toolkit. The comparison work highlight the discrimination ability of TEO in emotion dimensions activation and power, and glottal parameters in expectation and valence for authentic speech data. Using the same classification methodology, TEO and glottal parameter outperformed or performed similarly to the prosodic, spectral and other voicing related features (i.e., the feature set obtained using openSMILE).
THE CONDITIONS NECESSARY FOR THE ELECTRICAL INDUCTION OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION

ABSTRACT Ventricular fibrillation is a lethal electrical dysrhythmia which results in a complete loss of blood pumping by the heart. It can be precipitated by a single or repetitive electrical shock. For a single stimulus to evoke fibrillation it must be suprathreshold and be delivered in the vulnerable period of the ventricular cycle which occurs during the T wave of the electrocardiogram. Repetitive stimuli above about 5/sec induce fibrillation by creating re-entrant excitation. Repetitive stimuli of a wide variety of waveforms can produce fibrillation, an important factor being frequency - the higher the frequency, the higher the current required. The basic law of tissue stimulation, expressed by the strength-duration curve, underlies all cardiac stimulation, whether it be for pacing or for inducing fibrillation. The law states that the peak current required for excitation increases as the duration of the stimulus pulse is decreased. From this basic law there derives an energy-duration and a charge-duration curve. There is no single stimulus duration that can achieve stimulation with a minimum current, energy and charge. In this paper, the fundamental law of tissue stimulation is applied to demonstrate how excitation and fibrillation of heart muscle are achieved.
Student Data Systems and Their Use for Educational Improvement

Prompted in large part by federal and state mandates requiring the collection and reporting of a variety of student data, student data systems have become an increasingly important component of educational reform efforts. Recent technological advancements have led to the proliferation of data systems facilitating the organization, access, and querying of large volumes of student data. This article reviews current evidence on the types and features of the student data systems available to educators and discusses key determinants of effective use of data systems in the educational context. Finally, critical themes shaping the future directions of student data systems are discussed.
Specification of Neural Crest Cell Fate in the Embryonic Zebrafish

Publisher Summary Zebrafish neural crest is amenable to study both as a population and at the level of the single cell. Zebrafish neural crest has many fewer cells relative to other vertebrates; in the trunk there are only 10–12 neural crest cells per body segment compared to hundreds in other species. Despite the relative simplicity of the zebrafish neural crest, almost all aspects of its development are similar to those of other vertebrates including the migration pathways it takes and types of derivatives it makes. This chapter examines when zebrafish trunk neural crest cells undergo fate restrictions and whether these restrictions are the result of restrictions in cell potential. It is important to know when cell fate restrictions occur by performing cell lineage analysis: labeling individual cells within the trunk neural crest, following them during development, recording cell divisions, and keeping track of all progeny. The chapter also reviews whether cell fate restrictions result from restrictions in cell potential by comparing the fates of individual cells from different crest subpopulations when transplanted to the same environmental conditions. These experiments have led researchers to propose a model of neural crest development in which regulative interactions among neural crest cells influence their fates.
Chronic Cluster Headaches

Chronic cluster headache is defined in the ICHD-3 as cluster attacks occurring for more than 1 year without remission or with remission periods lasting less than 1 month. The author presents a narrative review of current literature on chronic cluster headaches, a rare form of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in which attacks occur without remission for over a year. I will summarize current knowledge on diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of chronic cluster headaches, an extremely disabling disorder. Generally, there is a delay in diagnosis of more than 6 years in recognizing this type of headache. Little is known about the pathogenesis of these headaches, though with newer functional imaging modalities, we are closer to understanding whether the hypothalamus and suprachiasmatic nucleus are involved, as in episodic cluster. In addition, newer therapies including sphenopalatine ganglion and vagus nerve stimulators are emerging, making early recognition of these disorders more clinically relevant.
Orientation of flight for physically disturbed spotted lanternflies, Lycorma delicatula, (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae)

Abstract The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, (Hemiptera, Fulgoridae) is an invasive pest to Korea and the United States, originating from China or Southeast Asia. Immature L. delicatula feed on a wide range of plants, but the adults are more host-selective, often preferring the tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima. We performed field studies to evaluate adult movement in relation to A. altissima after disturbance. The Ailanthus trees were in a mixed suburban forested situated at the southern border of an open grassy field. Female adult lanternflies were manually disturbed from feeding on the trunks of large A. altissima trees. In the first experiment, insects were disturbed directly from the tree using a ballpoint pen to simulate a predatory attack. These insects usually flew initially southward away from the tree line toward a sunlit field, but turned northward back toward the tree line. In the second experiment, to simulate an initially successful predatory attack, they were manually taken from trees, and allowed to escape. The females immediately opened their wings in an apparent aposematic display. They then either immediately flew toward the sunlit open field, or remained with their wings splayed open for a prolonged period.
Neural correlates of intra-sentential code-switching in the auditory modality

Abstract Code-switching, the interchangeable use of two languages, is a hallmark of bilingual language processing. Although code-switching occurs most often in spoken communication, studies examining the neural mechanisms of code-switching typically present code-switched materials visually, using reading paradigms. The present study examined intra-sentential code-switching in the auditory modality in Spanish-English bilinguals, using Event-Related Potential (ERP) and Time Frequency Representation (TFR) analyses. Specifically, this study examined whether listening to code-switched sentences is associated with lexical-semantic integration (indexed by an N400 effect) or sentence-level reanalysis (indexed by an LPC effect), and the extent to which neural patterns associated with listening to code-switched speech are modulated by switching direction (from the dominant language to the weaker language, or vice versa). ERP results showed that listening to a switch from the dominant to the weaker language elicits N400 and LPC effects, while TFR results showed a power decrease in the upper beta frequency band. In contrast, listening to a switch from the weaker to the dominant language elicited only an N400 effect, while TFR results showed a power increase in the alpha frequency band. The findings indicate that cognitive processes involved in listening to intra-sentential code-switches vary by switching direction. More specifically, we propose that listening to dominant-to-weaker language switches engages lexical processes in addition to sentence-level reanalysis to integrate the weaker language into the sentence frame, whereas weaker-to-dominant switches engages lexical-semantic integration accompanied by inhibition processes (i.e., listeners inhibit their dominant language as the sentence unfolds in their weaker language, and this inhibition must be released upon hearing a switch into the dominant language).