cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new synthetic route to in-chain metallopolymers via copper(I) catalyzed azide–platinum–acetylide iClick

The first example of an in-chain metallo-poly(triazolate) synthesized by CuAAC is reported. Azido–platinum–acetylide (A–M–B) monomers are catalytically polymerized with copper(I) acetate to yield 1,2,3-triazolate linked Pt(II) units. The metallopolymers are characterized by multinuclear NMR, IR, UV/Vis, GPC, and MS.
Osmoregulatory alterations in myo-inositol uptake by bovine lens epithelial cells. Part 2: Cloning of a 626 bp cDNA portion of a Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter, an osmotic shock protein.

PURPOSE Bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs) accumulate osmotically active organic solutes (i.e., osmolytes) including myo-inositol when exposed to hypertonic stress (osmotic shock). In hypertonic medium, the increase in myo-inositol accumulation is attributed to an elevation in activity of Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter(s). The authors report the nature of the hypertonicity-induced enhancement of myo-inositol uptake in cultured BLECs by amplifying a 626 bp cDNA from lens cell RNA. METHODS A portion of cDNA encoding a Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter was isolated from cultured BLECs using PCR primers designed from an established myo-inositol transporter from Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, a 626 bp PCR product was amplified. Its nucleic acid sequence was determined by the dideoxynucleotide method using Sequenase kit. Na+/Myo-inositol cotransporter mRNA expression in the cultured cells was demonstrated under physiological and hypertonic conditions by northern analysis of poly(A)+ RNA using the lens cell 626 bp cDNA as probe. RESULTS The BLEC cDNA sequence was 92% identical with the Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter of MDCK cells. Myo-inositol transporter mRNA was demonstrated in cultured BLECs and was significantly induced by hypertonic stress. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cultured bovine lens epithelial cell adaptation to hypertonicity involves intracellular accumulation of small organic osmolytes (i.e., myo-inositol) through elevation of myo-inositol uptake activity resulting from the upregulation of transporter mRNA.
Energy-Efficient Superconductor Bloom Filters for Streaming Data Inspection

Bloom filters can be used in network intrusion detection systems to detect known attack signatures in packet payloads. In this paper we propose and analyze the potential application of superconductor flux quantum technology for streaming data inspection with Bloom filters designed with Reciprocal Quantum Logic (RQL). This paper describes the gate-level design, performance, and energy-efficiency analysis of three superconductor 2 Kbit Bloom filters with 1) the run-time selection of the number of hashes per stream, and 2) different numbers of input streams per Bloom filter. The Bloom filter circuits were designed using a bottom-up approach with manual placing and routing of basic RQL gates. The design complexity is below 97K Josephson junctions. The highest clock frequency reached in the simulation of the circuits is 14.7 GHz. The false positive ra tes of the RQL Bloom filters are in very close agreement with the theoretical expectations of the false positive probability for the filters. For the cryocooling efficiency of 0.1 percent, the RQL Bloom filters demonstrate high energy efficiency in the range of ∼1.5-43.6 pJ/stream/operation at room temperature for stream lengths from 16 to 256 bits. All circuits are designed and simulated for the 248 nm MIT Lincoln Laboratory SFQ5ee fabrication process.
The Structure and Organization of Hohokam Exchange

In the last decade and a half more archaeological work has been done on the prehistoric Hohokam of southern Arizona than was done in the previous seven decades combined. We have substantially increased our sample of Hohokam remains both in terms of the total quantity of material and in terms of the geographic distribution of that material. This research has produced a complex but still fragmented picture of Hohokam exchange that does not exactly fit either the cultural-historical interpretation of Hohokam trade as an unchanging egalitarian system of exchange based on the heterogeneous distribution of resources nor the revisionist view advanced in the mid-1970s that Hohokam exchange showed a linear increase in complexity or movement from reciprocity to redistribution through time. It is becoming increasingly clear that subregions within the Hohokam sphere participated differentially in exchange, that different commodities engendered diverse relations of exchange, and that all of these factors changed significantly over time. The major task that confronts us is deriving an understanding of how the complexity we see in the evidence for Hohokam exchange formed a whole and how it was embedded in inter- and intraregional social and productive relations. One of the first steps toward that goal is to synthesize and evaluate the myriad of statements and interpretations of Hohokam exchange made in the last 5 years.1
Qualitative Research and Public Policy: The Challenges of Relevance and Trustworthiness

This paper examines the relationship between qualitative research and public policy. For decades, qualitative and quantitative methodologists have debated the merits of one perspective in relation to others. Scholars, using diverse epistemological and ontological stances, have contested different beliefs about the criteria for judgment of rigorous research. Yet, such exchanges routinely ignore the unique ways in which qualitative research can inform policy. In this paper, the authors acknowledge previous examinations, and also intend to create a new discourse. The authors present the limitations of qualitative research; these limitations have historically been the justifications used by individuals to discount the use of qualitative research for policy studies. They conclude with the need to refocus on the usefulness of qualitative research and offer an evolving set of criteria for conducting policy-related research. The purpose is neither to oppose nor to diminish select methodologies; instead, it is to suggest a complimentary suite of qualitative and quantitative approaches to better investigate social issues.
Caloric Restriction Versus a Diet High in Antioxidants: Are they Equipotent in Altering or Reversing the Course of Aging?

Currently, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the neuronal degeneration seen during both normal aging and neurodegenerative disease; however, among the prime candidates responsible for producing these effects are free radicals. It has been hypothesized that brain aging results from a progressive inability to cope with such insults as oxidative stress and inflammation. As a result there is a fertile environment for the subsequent development of neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, if the preservation of neuronal function and associated cognitive and motor performance during aging will enhance the probability of aging successfully, then it is of crucial importance to find ways to preserve or decrease the responsiveness of the brain to these insults. One method that has a long history of being very effective in preventing age-related declines in numerous systems in rodents and other lower species and indeed can even increase longevity, is that of caloric restriction. However, although evidence suggests that this procedure also may have similar effects in infrahuman primates, its applicability to humans remains questionable, especially with respect to the issue of compliance. Recent studies indicate that alterations in the quality of the diet in terms of adding more antioxidant-containing foods may be just as effective as decreasing the amount of calories in reducing the effects of aging. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast these two strategies, in terms of their effectiveness, safety, and generalized applicability for the human condition.
Impacts of laurel wilt disease on arthropod herbivores of North American Lauraceae

For approximately 15 years, Raffaelea lauricola and its vector, Xyleborus glabratus (redbay ambrosia beetle), have been causing extensive mortality of North American plants in the Lauraceae. All species of Lauraceae native to the USA that have been tested thus far are susceptible to the pathogen. Ecological impacts will likely continue to radiate outwards through ecosystems, yet there is no database of at-risk arthropod species that could be affected by this ecological disturbance. Endangerment risks remain unquantified, even for known obligate specialists of laurel wilt susceptible hosts, such as the palamedes swallowtail (Papilio palamedes Drury). We used exhaustive literature searches and expert-based quality control measures to catalogue native arthropod herbivores of Lauraceae species. Arthropods were assigned an endangerment risk rating based on the extent of their specialization on susceptible hosts. Overall, 178 native arthropod species from 7 orders were catalogued as herbivores that could be impacted by declines of their Lauraceous host plants. Twenty-four insect species were identified as obligate specialists of Lauraceae. A further four species were categorized moderate risk of endangerment because they have one host that is not affected by laurel wilt. As a case study, we also quantified the impacts of laurel wilt on palamedes swallowtail populations. The mean number of palamedes swallowtails encountered in transects through laurel wilt infested stands was nearly sixfold less than in uninfested stands. This suggests dire consequences for the palamedes swallowtail, and warrants concern for the other 24 native species that are obligate specialists of laurel wilt susceptible host plants.
“Real-World” Application of Thrombolysis in Cardiac Arrest:

Background:Current guidelines recommend consideration of thrombosis as a reversible cause of cardiac arrest. The use of thrombolytic therapy during cardiac arrest, however, is controversial.Objecti...
A novel personal protective equipment coverall was rated higher than standard Ebola virus personal protective equipment in terms of comfort, mobility and perception of safety when tested by health care workers in Liberia and in a United States biocontainment unit.

Background During the 2014-2016 Ebola virus epidemic, more than 500 health care workers (HCWs) died in spite of the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The Johns Hopkins University Center for Bioengineering Innovation and Design (CBID) and Jhpiego, an international nongovernmental organization affiliate of Johns Hopkins, collaborated to create new PPE to improve the ease of the doffing process. Methods HCWs in Liberia and a US biocontainment unit compared standard Medecins Sans Frontiere PPE (PPE A) with the new PPE (PPE B). Participants wore each PPE ensemble while performing simulated patient care activities. Range of motion, time to doff, comfort, and perceived risk were measured. Results Overall, 100% of participants preferred PPE B over PPE A (P Conclusions HCWs preferred a new PPE ensemble to Medecins Sans Frontiere PPE for high-consequence pathogens. Further studies on the safety of this new PPE need to be conducted.
FACTOR AUGMENTATION, FACTOR ELIMINATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

Economic growth theory distinguishes between reproducible and nonreproducible factors of production. In traditional growth models based on factor‐augmenting technical change, perpetual economic growth requires that each essential nonreproducible factor, such as labor, be augmented by a reproducible factor, such as human capital. Recent models of factor‐eliminating technical change deliver perpetual growth by eliminating the nonreproducible factors. Heretofore, the literature has kept factor augmentation and factor elimination separate. We analyze a model with both. The model generalizes the traditional factor augmentation approach by relaxing the usual restriction that factor elimination is absent. We obtain the striking result that factor‐augmenting technical change is a misspecification when factor‐eliminating technical change is present. The result raises several questions about technical change and endogenous growth. (JEL O41, O31, O33)
Deciphering the Land: Artistic Cartography in the Illustrated Cabreo of the Congregation of the Gentlemen of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Tivoli, Italy (1661–1808)

In 1661, the Congregation of the Gentlemen of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, a lay pious organization devoted to religious and charitable services in Tivoli, Italy, commissioned from land surveyo...
Chromatin modification and remodeling in schizophrenia

Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating mental disorder afflicting 1% of the population. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and whole exome sequencing (WES) efforts for SZ have identified a plethora of genomic risk loci. However, the causal variants/genes remain largely unknown, hindering the translation of GWAS findings into disease biology and drug targets. Gene pathway analyses of both SZ GWAS and WES strongly support the role of aberrant chromatin modification and remodeling in SZ genetic etiology. Additionally, most GWAS-implicated common SZ-risk variants are noncoding, thus likely altering gene transcription via epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation and histone biochemical modification. Consistent with the genetic evidence, more recent functional genomics studies, in human postmortem brains and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models, are starting to unravel the roles of DNA methylation, histone modification (e.g., methylation and acetylation), open chromatin, and higher-order chromatin structure in SZ pathogenesis. As an emerging research frontier, additional mechanistic studies are needed to firmly establish the link between abnormal chromatin signaling and SZ phenotypes. Harnessing rapidly evolving technologies, such as the hiPSC model and the CRISPR/Cas-based genome/epigenome editing approach, will advance the understanding of SZ disease biology related to abnormal chromatin signaling, and facilitate the development of more tailored clinical interventions for SZ.
Repairing the Broken Earth: N.K. Jemisin on race and environment in transitions

Sustainability transitions tend to be seen as technical, not social, affairs. Mainstream scholars and practitioners do not very often acknowledge environmental and social justice in their transitions work. They seldom recognize rights for racially marginalized people, or the possible existence of rights of Earth. Nor do they query whether they are exaggerating the reach of scientific and technological solutions. By contrast, some recent ecological science fiction writing has begun to place these issues at the center of transitions. In the Broken Earth series, N.K. Jemisin explores Earth through the lens of racial and ecological injustice. She interrogates four themes relevant to transitions. How should we live in a climate-changed world? What role does racial and social subordination play in destroying the environment? What are the dangers of hubris in seeking out a fundamental change through science and technology that cannot be readily controlled after all? How should we think about Earth itself? I conclude with some thoughts on how Earth could be made ‘unbroken’ again through integrating recognition, humility, renewal, and redistribution into transitions.
APOBEC3A Loop 1 Is a Determinant for Single-Stranded DNA Binding and Deamination

The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3 or A3) family of proteins functions in the innate immune system. The A3 proteins are interferon inducible and hypermutate deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine in foreign single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). However, this deaminase activity cannot discriminate between foreign and host ssDNA at the biochemical level, which presents a significant danger when A3 proteins gain access to the nucleus. Interestingly, this A3 capability can be harnessed when coupled with novel CRISPR-Cas9 proteins to create a targeted base editor. Specifically, A3A has been used in vitro to revert mutations associated with disease states. Recent structural studies have shown the importance of loop regions of A3A and A3G in ssDNA recognition and positioning for deamination. In this work, we further examined loop 1 of A3A to determine how it affects substrate selection, as well as the efficiency of deamination, in the hopes of advancing the potential of A3A in base editing technology. We found that mutating residue H29 enhanced deamination activity without changing substrate specificity. Also interestingly, we found that increasing the length of loop 1 decreases substrate specificity. Overall, these results lead to a better understanding of substrate recognition and deamination by A3A and the A3 family of proteins.
Large pancreatic mass with chylous ascites

Primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is a rare entity, most likely to be clinically misdiagnosed as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The cure rate of PPL is higher than that of adenocarcinoma. We present a case of PPL that presented as a pancreatic mass with chylous ascites and describe the incidence, clinical features, diagnostic approach, and most commonly used treatment regimens for PPL.
FACIAL HARDWARE: THE NERVES AND MUSCLES OF THE FACE

This chapter examines the nerves and muscles of the face. Any treatment of human faces requires some familiarity with where the facial muscles originate, what they do, and what controls them. Embryonic changes that fix the structure of the human face occur within a two-week period, which begins during the fourth week of gestation. The facial muscles for a human can be divided into superficial muscles, which include the major mimetic muscles of the face, and deep muscles, or the muscles of mastication. Thereafter, separate nerves control the superficial and deep facial muscles. Also the tissues of the face contain the gamut of sensory receptors. Additionally, the muscles and tendons of mastication contain spindle organs and Golgi tendon organs, respectively. Facial sensations of all types funnel into two main cranial nerves: (1) the facial nerve (CN VII) and (2) the trigeminal nerve (CN V). Now, the facial and trigeminal nerves, like all cranial nerves, do not join the spinal cord; rather, they enter and exit the brain directly and proceed to the face by poking through foramen in the bones of the skull. The differences between the faces spared and impaired in central versus reverse facial paralysis have variously been cast in terms of distinctions such as nonemotional–emotional, posed–spontaneous, deliberate–spontaneous, or voluntary–involuntary. These distinctions are crosscutting and not strictly analogous. If the types of faces inferred from neurological lesions are cast in terms of motor control in general, there is no need to postulate ad hoc dichotomies peculiar to faces.
When Student Housing Is a Car: In College and Homeless.

To examine the phenomenon of postsecondary student homelessness, data were collected in 2014–2015 and again in 2017–2018 to discover the prevalence, to gain greater understanding of the attendant c...
Censored linear regression in the presence or absence of auxiliary survival information

There has been a rising interest in better exploiting auxiliary summary information from large databases in the analysis of smaller-scale studies that collect more comprehensive patient-level information. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, we propose a novel approach to synthesize information from both the aggregate summary statistics and the individual-level data in censored linear regression. We show that the auxiliary information amounts to a system of nonsmooth estimating equations and thus can be combined with the conventional weighted log-rank estimating equations by using the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. The proposed methodology can be further extended to account for the potential inconsistency in information from different sources. Second, in the absence of auxiliary information, we propose to improve estimation efficiency by combining the overidentified weighted log-rank estimating equations with different weight functions via the GMM framework. To deal with the nonsmooth GMM-type objective functions, we develop an asymptotics-guided algorithm for parameter and variance estimation. We establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed GMM-type estimators. Simulation studies show that the proposed estimators can yield substantial efficiency gain over the conventional weighted log-rank estimators. The proposed methods are applied to a pancreatic cancer study for illustration.
The Link Regression Problem in Graph Streams

We will study the problem of analyzing massive data streams in the context of the dynamic network-centered activities. Consider a network in which a time series activity data stream is associated with each edge in a massive network. Examples of such activities could include citation networks with continuously changing edge values, such as road network traffic, social network traffic, or email traffic. We introduce the problem of link regression, which models the prediction of the future stream values associated with a link from the history of all the stream values associated with the different links. This problem is a powerful generalization of both the large scale time series prediction problem and the link prediction problems in network analysis, each of which are known to be quite difficult in their own right. The generality of this framework provides it significant applicability for traffic analysis in road networks, congestion analysis in communication networks, interest trend analysis and bursty feature analysis in social networks. The problem is very challenging because of its massiveness both in network size and stream speed. We present an algorithm which uses streaming graph partitioning in conjunction with predictive regression. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness and efficiency of the approach.
Hopes and disappointments: regime change and support for democracy after the Arab Uprisings

What happened to citizens’ support for democracy after the Arab Uprisings? Did the support increase, stay the same, or actually decrease after all the protests, regime changes, and reforms? Which t...
Intentional Pattern-Making: Development of Repeatable Designs for Repurposing Apparel

The growth of the fast fashion industry has increased the rate of consumption of fashion products, resulting in an abundance of still functional, second-hand clothing. The EPA (2018) estimates that textiles account for approximately 10.5 million tons of waste annually, 100% of which is recyclable in some way. Previous research suggests that repurposing is a possible solution to the overconsumption of fashion goods and could add value back to unwanted garments. Currently, no formal process exists for repurposing, due in part to the time-intensive nature of repurposing a product from deconstruction through reconstruction. Four levels of repurposing have been identified from previous research and the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the fourth level of repurposing; intentional pattern-making. Three designers followed the same process from the repurposing model for proof of concept. Men's suiting was selected as the material for repurposing and a common inspiration was chosen by the three designers. Preliminary results indicate that it is possible to achieve repeatable designs using level four of the repurposing model and various different methods of pattern-making.
How Families of Murder Victims Feel Following the Execution of Their loved One’s Murderer: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Reports of Executions from 2006-2011

Two common assumptions are that family members of murder victims (i.e. co-victims) will achieve closure and perceive a sense of justice following the execution of their loved one’s murderer. Those acting on behalf of co-victims and purporting to represent their best interests often use closure and justice discourses to bolster their arguments in favor of capital punishment in a particular case. However to assume, unequivocally, that family members will view the execution as the last of several steps in the journey to closure and perceived justice is to ignore a significant number of co-victims who may feel differently. Drawing on family member statements from newspaper articles reporting on 138 executions in the United States from 2006-2011, the current study examined family member post-execution feelings and attitudes as reported in the media. The results indicate that family member closure and perceived justice following the execution, although among the most prominent and specific themes that emerge, are still relatively uncommon. For instance, only 35% of family members stated that the execution represented justice while only 31% of family members stated that the execution gave them closure, healing or a step toward either. Results are discussed in the context of previous literature on family member post-execution feelings and attitudes. Societal and policy implications are also discussed.
Tax Policy and Pharmaceutical Innovation

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed severe underinvestment in sustained research and development (R&D) of vaccines to prevent public health crises. Evidently, policy and lawmakers have attempted to establish incentives for pharmaceutical R&D, spending billions upon billions of dollars in the process. However, they so far utilized a limited set of tools such as patents, grants, and to a lesser extent prizes to encourage discoveries in vaccine technology. In particular, commentators have paid relatively little attention to the role of taxation in delivering efficient vaccine research incentives. This Article fills this gap in the literature and in policy by examining ways to better employ the tax system to spur investments in vaccine discoveries. We demonstrate that, when designed properly, tax apparatuses can offer an incomparable advantage—its ability to harness market-based mechanisms ex ante thus economize on resources, administrative costs, regulatory capture, and information problems. By contrast, other regulatory interventions currently used to stimulate investment in R&D, require resource-intensive interventions, either through the provision of advanced funding or other types of administrative resources, or both. Building on this analytical framework, the Article offers a novel insight: the market-based characteristics of tax incentives make the tax system especially well-suited to address underinvestment in pharmaceutical innovation, particularly in the field of vaccine research. Based on this insight, we develop here a proposal for tax policy that spurs research in vaccines for emerging infectious diseases before outbreaks occur in a more simplified, administrative, and efficient manner than current policy tools. Our proposal provides R&D support in a predictable, streamlined fashion thus minimizing investment risk in uncertain vaccine development processes. It further illustrates how the tax system can be used as an effective tool for equitable distribution of the cost of developing vaccines for emerging diseases, which to date has never been fully explored. Our proposal starts that conversation by offering a blueprint for possible interventions in other traditionally underfunded areas.
Overview and recommendations for analytical and experimental methodologies for the fatigue fracture of human bones

Human bones are susceptible to fatigue fracture under cyclic loading generated by repetitive activities which are a common health risk for the athlete and elderly populations. This work explores and summarizes the analytical and experimental methods used in current studies that investigate the fatigue fracture of human bones. Moreover, key parameters in those methods are identified that can be used for the development of standardized analytical and experimental methodologies for the investigation of fatigue fracture of human bones and ultimately lead to reliable prediction of their fatigue life.
Homogeneous Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by a CrN3O Complex: Electronic Coupling with Redox-Active Terpyridine Fragment Favors Selectivity for CO

Electrocatalyst design and optimization strategies continue to be an active area of research interest for the applied use of renewable energy resources and the development of associated technologies. The electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 is an attractive approach in this context, because of the added potential benefit of addressing its rising atmospheric concentrations. In previous experimental and computational studies we have described the mechanism of the first molecular Cr complex capable of electrocatalytically reducing CO2 to CO in the presence of an added proton donor, which contained a redox-active 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) fragment, CrN2O2. The high selectivity for CO in the bpy-based system was dependent on a delocalized Cr(II)(bpy•–) active state. Subsequently, we became interested in exploring how expanding the polypyridyl ligand core would impact selectivity and activity during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Here, we report a new CrN3O catalyst, Cr(tpytbupho)Cl2 1, where 2-([2,2':6',2''-terpyridin]-6-yl)-4,6-di-tert-butylphenolate = [tpytbupho]–, which reduces CO2 to CO with quantitative selectivity via a different mechanism than our previously reported Cr(tbudhbpy)Cl(H2O) catalyst. Computational analyses indicate that changes in the overall reaction are the combined result of a decrease in intrinsic ligand charge (L3X vs L2X2) and an increase in ligand redox activity, which result in increased electronic coupling between the doubly reduced tpy fragment of the ligand and a Cr(II) center. The strong electronic coupling enhances the rate of protonation and subsequent C–OH bond cleavage, resulting in CO2 binding becoming the rate-determining step, which is an uncommon mechanism during protic CO2 reduction.
Qualitative Inquiry Outside the Academy

Introduction: Qualitative Research outside the Academy, Norman K. Denzin & Michael D. Giardina Section I Chapter 1: The Role of Qualitative Researchers in Closing the Practice/Application Gap in Health Care, Janice M. Morse,Kim Martz, Lory Maddox, Terrie Vann-Ward Chapter 2: Ghosts, Traces, Sediments, and Accomplices in Psychotherapeutic Dialogue, Jane Speedy Chapter 3: Episodic and Expert Interviews beyond Academia: Health Service Research in the Context of Migration, Uwe Flick Chapter 4: Ethical Issues of Interviewing Members of Marginalized Communities outside Academic Contexts, Donna M. Mertens Section II Chapter 5: Achieving Social Justice Aims through Community-Based Participatory Research, Maria Mayan and Christine Daum Chapter 6: Community Perceptions on Children's Rights in South Africa, Beth Blue Swadener and Bekisizwe Ndimande Chapter 7: Praxis Malawi: An Analysis of Reciprocal Learning and Knowledge, Christopher Darius Stonebanks Chapter 8: Indigenous Researchers and Epistemic Violence, Cesar Cisneros Puebla Section III Chapter 9: Audre Lorde is Still Right: Theorizing Poetry of Black Education, Research, and Activism, Cynthia Dillard Chapter 10: Freeing Ourselves, Russell Bishop Chapter 11: Beyond Urban Decay: Informal Infrastructure and Everyday Urbanism in San Juan, Puerto Rico, Francisco Vivoni Chapter 12: On the Tropical Edge of Latina/o Diaspora: Neoliberal Winds, Identities in Revolt, and Mis(placed) Ethnographies, Carmen Ocon Section IV Chapter 13: Performance Ethnography: Decolonizing Research and Pedagogy, Virginie Magnat Chapter 14: A Marxist Methodology for Critical Collaborative Inquiry, Mirka Koro-Ljungberg and Fred K. Boateng Chapter 15: Audience Matters, Laurel Richardson Index About the Authors
The Gay Liberation Youth Movement in New York: 'An Army of Lovers Cannot Fail'

Table of Contents Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: Prior to Gay Liberation Chapter 2: Ideology and Practice Chapter 3: Gay Liberation Shapes Youth Activism Chapter 4: Gay Youth (GY) Chapter 5: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (S.T.A.R.) Chapter 6: Gay International Youth Society of George Washington High School Appendix A: Gay Liberation Youth Groups - 1966 to 1975 Appendix B: GAA Petition to Councilwoman Carol Greitzer Appendix C: "IN A WORLD OF DARKNESS" Appendix D: S.T.A.R. Activism Appendix E: GAA-Initiated Intro 475 Fall, 1971 Hearings Broach Transgender Concerns Appendix F: 1973 Christopher Street Liberation Day Appendix G: Chronology of George Washington High School News Coverage Archives Bibliography
The Construction of "The Golden Notebook"

1 Oddly enough very little has appeared in print which is concerned with the struc ture of the book, though what has appeared indicates the need for such analysis. Frederick P. W. McDowell, for example, in two essays says that The Golden Notebook is coura geous but disorganized; more ideological than aesthetically formed?despite some nice scenes and characterization. See his articles, " 'The Devious Involutions of Human Character and Emotions': Reflections on Some Recent British Novels," WSCL, 4 (Autumn 1963), 339-366; and "The Fiction of Doris Lessing: An Interim View/' ArQ, 21 (Winter 1965), 315-345. Dorothy Brewster, in Doris Lessing (New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., [1965]), pp. 136-157, remarks upon the numerous questions raised by The Golden Notebook and upon its many thematic interests, and points out the Mashopi Hotel episodes of the black book as especially effective; but she regards the questions as for the most part unanswered, and, like McDowell, is not much taken with particulars of structure. On the other hand, Selma Burkom, in " 'Only Connect': Form and Content in the Works of Doris Lessing," Critique, 11 (1969), 51-68, uses Forster's famous slogan to good effect in discussing Lessing's books, though on the subject of The Golden Notebook her interest in humanistic realism and the need to reconcile splits is more focused on theme than on structure, however admirably focused. I am indebted to the Burkom essay on thematic matters, as indeed to Paul Schlueter, "Doris Lessing: The Free Woman's Commitment," in Charles Shapiro, ed., Contemporary British Novelists (Carbondale, 111.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1965), pp. 48-61. While Schlueter discusses themes and characters, he is also good on the brilliance of struc tural concept, though not very detailed thereon (see esp. pp. 55-58 of his essay). I owe a special debt to some of my graduate students for their insights into structure ?esp. to Susan Sims, Michael Civin, and Linda Frederick. Finally, to see what was occupying Doris Lessing's attention in the late 1950s, one might well read her essay "The Small Personal Voice," in Tom Maschler, ed., Declaration (New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1958), pp. 185-201. She here lays out the private-public, social sexual, humanist-anarchist splits which motivate her and inform her work. Interestingly, the date of this article, taken together with its content and the 1962 publication of The Golden Notebook, suggests that Doris Lessing may have been doing some stock taking and recapitulating before moving ahead with the final two volumes in the Children of Violence series (Landlocked and The Four-Gated City)? much as Evelyn Waugh wrote The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold in self-examination before finishing his Sword of Honour trilogy.
When MR = MC: Ethical efficiencies in valuing and pricing

How do we determine value? What are the ethical implications of valuing goods and services with respect to economic profit maximization? To answer those questions, Primeaux and Stieber move their discussion of the ethical principles inherent to economic profit maximization from production to distribution, from internal costs to external pricing and consumer demand.
Donating to College Athletics: A Taxing Gesture of Kindness

This article considers the tax consequences of a booster's contribution to a college athletics program, using the case study of financier Robert Burton's multi-million dollar contribution to the University of Connecticut football program. This article discusses the income and gift tax issues that arise in connection with gifts made in contemplation of corresponding benefits, as well as the potential tax consequences if a donor subsequently withdraws a gift. Donors who expect a role in a team's affairs may face unfavorable tax consequences.
Multiple target direction finding and intercept using small aperture antenna arrays

The author addresses the problem of cochannel radio signal interference which inhibits direction finding (DF) and accurate demodulation. An approach has been developed, using eigenanalysis and adaptive array techniques, for calculating two-dimensional lines-of-bearing on multiple incoherent signals incident on an eight-element circularly disposed, small aperture antenna array and for allowing copy of each of the signals. The direction-finding approach is based upon R.O. Schmidt's (1981) MUSIC algorithm and the copy algorithm is based upon a signal subtraction method, which utilizes eigenvalue and eigenvector data. A numerical simulation of both the DF and copy approaches was performed to evaluate their performance in multiple scenarios. >
A fuzzy set approach to resource procurement for multi-phase projects subject to flexible budgetary constraints

In this paper we devise an algorithm for the selection of personnel for a multiple phase project which takes into account the match between the skills possessed by the personnel, the skills needed for each phase, and rather flexible budget considerations. This algorithm uses several fuzzy constructsc compatibility, degree of equality, and the necessity of a set given a fuzzy set of available capital.
Primary mycoplasma pneumonia associated with reversible respiratory failure in a cat

A young adult cat was evaluated for respiratory failure. Diagnostic testing, including computed tomography and culture, documented a primary Mycoplasma species pneumonia. The cat was treated aggressively with supportive care, including mechanical ventilation and appropriate antibiotics including doxycycline, and made a complete recovery. This is a unique case in respect of the severity of the Mycoplasma species pneumonia as well as the cat's recovery from severe lung injury.
Cognitive Limits of Software Cost Estimation

This paper explores the cognitive limits of estimation in the context of software cost estimation. Two heuristics, representativeness and anchoring, motivate two experiments involving psychology students, engineering students, and engineering practitioners. The first experiment, designed to determine if there is a difference in estimating ability in everyday quantities, demonstrates that the three populations estimate with relatively equal accuracy. The results shed light on the distribution of estimates and the process of subjective judgment. The second experiment, designed to explore abilities for estimating the cost of software-intensive systems given incomplete information, shows that predictions by engineering students and practitioners are within 3-12% of each other. The value of this work is in helping better understand how software engineers make decisions based on limited information. The manifestation of the two heuristics is discussed together with the implications for the development of software cost estimation models in light of the findings from the two experiments.
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women

Because the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is based on individual sexual behaviors, the most successful STI prevention initiatives have been behavioral interventions seeking to change individual risk behaviors. This article explores systematic and community-based prevention initiatives and the steps in development and validation of behavioral interventions to reduce STIs. Key interventions and the trials in which they were proven effective are discussed in detail. It is hoped that a greater understanding of the development and validation of behavioral interventions for STI prevention will encourage physicians to accept these interventions as additional tools to prevent disease and suffering.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBIOTIC COATED SILICONE GRAFTS

AbstractPurpose: Postoperative infection remains one of the most serious complications of implantation of penile prostheses. Attempts to reduce the rate of infection by spraying the prosthesis with an antibiotic solution prior to implantation, along with perioperative antibiotics, have failed to eradicate infection. No published studies have evaluated the effect of antibiotic coating of penile prostheses. In this study, we evaluate the antibacterial effect of antibiotic-coated silicone strips as a surrogate for the penile prosthesis.Materials and Methods: Strips coated with several different antibiotics were dipped in bacterial solutions containing Staphylococcus epidermidis or S. aureus and implanted subcutaneously in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. After a week, the strips were removed, and the number of bacteria on the strips and in the surrounding tissue were determined. The in vitro antibiotic activity of the antibiotic-coated strips against the same organisms was also determined.Results: In the group of ...
A Measure of the Short-Term Effects of Ethical Instruction

This article examines the short-term impact of specially prepared case and video materials on marketing students' ethical beliefs. Before and after tests with a control group, using a previously validated questionnaire, were employed to ascertain the effect of ethical instruction. Statistically significant changes in students' ethical beliefs were observed.
Prototheca filamenta: A fungus not an alga

The genusPrototheca is composed of colorless algae. Plastids, a characteristic feature of colorless algae, are absent fromP. filamenta cells. The growth pattern seen with light and scanning electron microscopes, and the ultrastructure observed with the transmission electron microscope suggest thatP. filamenta is a fungus. Consequently we recommend the removal ofP. filamenta from the genusPrototheca and subsequent investigation of this organism to determine its correct taxonomic placement among the fungi.
Association of Umbilical Cord Venous Ionized Magnesium Concentration and Pediatric Mortality in the MAGnet Trial: Evidence for a Dose-Response Relationship

Association of Umbilical Cord Venous Ionized Magnesium Concentration and Pediatric Mortality in the MAGnet Trial: Evidence for a Dose-Response Relationship
Ribbon knot families via stallings' twists

Abstract We investigate the effect on the Jones polynomial of a ribbon knot when two of its bands aretwisted together. We use our results to prove that each of the three S-equivalence classes ofgenus 2 fibered doubly slice knots i 3 can Sn be represented by infinitely many distinct primefibered doubly slice ribbon knots.1980 Mathematics subject classification (Amer. Math. Soc.) (1985 Revision): 57 M 25.Keywords and phrases: knot, Jones polynomial, fibered knot, doubly slice knot. 1. Introduction In 1973 Burde and Neuwirth [18] conjectured that the number of fiberedknots with a given Alexander polynomial is finite. Shortly afterward, Morton[16] and Stallings [20] independently proved that the conjecture is false. Infact, Stallings exhibited infinitely many distinct prime fibered ribbon knotsS 2n , n > 0, with the same Alexander polynomial as th { #e square knot 3(-3j) (where 3, denotes the right-hand trefoil) but with different Alexandermodules.The Jones polynomial is surprisingly twist-sensitive and can be used to dis-tinguish Stallings'knots S
Image-based registration of ultrasound and magnetic resonance images: a preliminary study

A number of surgical procedures are planned and executed based on medical images. Typically, x-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images are acquired preoperatively for diagnosis and surgical planning. In the operating room, execution of the surgical plan becomes feasible due to registration between preoperative images and surgical space where patient anatomy lies. In this paper, we present a new automatic algorithm where we use ultrasound (US) 2D B-mode images to register the preoperative MR image coordinate system with the surgical space which in our experiments is represented by the reference coordinate system of a DC magnetic position sensor. The position sensor is also used for tracking the position and orientation of the US images. Furthermore, we simulated patient anatomy by using custom-built phantoms. Our registration algorithm is a hybrid between fiducial- based and image-based registration algorithms. Initially, we perform a fiducial-based rigid-body registration between MR and position sensor space. Then, by changing various parameters of the rigid-body fiducial-based transformation, we produce an MR-sensor misregistration in order to simulate potential movements of the skin fiducials and/or the organs. The perturbed transformation serves as the initial estimate for the image-based registration algorithm, which uses normalized mutual information as a similarity measure, where one or more US images of the phantom are automatically matched with the MR image data set. By using the fiducial- based registration as the gold standard, we could compute the accuracy of the image-based registration algorithm in registering MR and sensor spaces. The registration error varied depending on the number of 2D US images used for registration. A good compromise between accuracy and computation time was the use of 3 US slices. In this case, the registration error had a mean value of 1.88 mm and standard deviation of 0.42 mm, whereas the required computation time was approximately 52 sec. Subsampling the US data by a factor of 4 X 4 and reducing the number of histogram bins to 128 reduced the computation time to approximately 6 sec. with a small increase in the registration error.
The spectrophotometric determination of copper as the 2-furoyltrifluoroacetone chelate

Abstract The copper 2-furoyltrifluoroacetone chelate may be quantitatively precipitated from aqueous solutions and extracted into organic solvents The organic extract, which is an intense green, absorbs light strongly at a wavelength of 660 mμ. Although the β-diketone is not a specific reagent, most of the other metal chelates are colorless, not extracted, or do not absorb light at 660 μ. A rapid, sensitive, and reasonably specific spectrophotometric method for the determination of copper was developed on these properties. The method is applicable to the determination of as little as one mg of copper at concentrations as low a.s 5 p.p m. Iron, vanadium, cerium, nickel, and palladium are the only serious interferences among the more common elements. The method appears suited for the determination of copper in brass samples and in aluminum based alloys.
Viscosity of Hard-Sphere Suspensions: Can We Go Lower?

To date, approaches seeking a definitive link between colloidal suspension microstructure and the corresponding viscosity predict that for dense suspensions, hard-sphere systems possess the lowest-...
Synthesis, Evaluation, and Comparative Molecular Field Analysis of 1-Phenyl-3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes as Ligands for Histamine H1 Receptors

A series of 1-phenyl-3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes (1-phenyl-3-aminotetralins, PATs) previously was found to modulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in rodent forebra...