cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vivo imaging of specific biomarker expression during oral carcinogenesis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 3849 Background and Objective: Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which genetic events cause disruption of the normal regulatory pathways controlling basic cellular function. Multiple genetic events lead to oral cancer, and various cellular genes are over expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Goal of this study was to develop in vivo non-invasive imaging techniques to follow the expression and localization of specific biomarkers known to play a role in the angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling phases of oral cancer progression. Study Design/Materials and Methods: In thirty hamsters throughout DMBA induced carcinogenesis in one cheek pouch, in vivo, non-invasive multi-photon (MPM) fluorescence and second harmonic generation (SHG) techniques were used to image surface and subsurface fluorescence/SHG prior to and after the injection of the following biomarkers conjugated with AlexaFluor 430: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); urokinase Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and Inhibitor (PAI-1); Matrix Metalloproteinases 1,2,9 (MMPs). In vivo spectroscopy confirmed biomarker-induced fluorescence, while time-based fluorescence measurements identified optimal imaging timepoints. In vivo fluorescence imaging identified the time-based three-dimensional localization and expression of the various biomarkers at different stages of carcinogenesis. At 0,4,6,8,10,12 weeks, one animal was sacrificed to provide parallel histopathological data. Results: Carcinogenesis-related structural and vascular changes were clearly visible. Biomarker expression was clearly identified, localized and quantified at all timepoints throughout carcinogenesis by green fluorescence. Collagen structure was imaged using SHG. Optimal imaging timepoints ranged from 1-3 hours after injection for the various biomarkers. Time-based three-dimensional localization and expression also differed considerably between the various biomarkers at different stages of carcinogenesis. uPA was confined to depths of 80-130 μm within the tissues, whereas the other biomarkers were less clearly localized with regard to tissue depth. Conclusion: Time- and spatially-resolved determination of (1) specific biomarker expression, (2) vascular and ECM changes throughout oral carcinogenesis provide valuable information on mechanisms of dysplastic and malignant changes. Supported by: CRFA 30003, NIH (LAMMP) P41 RR01192, AFOSR FA 9550-04-1-0101.
Individual patient prediction of seizure lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparison between neuropsychological memory measures and the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure.

Neuropsychological assessment has been extensively used in the presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients to assist in determining lateralization of seizure onset. Very few studies have examined the accuracy with which commonly used neuropsychological instruments provide this information in the individual patient. In 81 patients (49 right-, 32 left-TLE) without space-occupying lesions in whom correct seizure lateralization was inferred on the basis of postsurgical seizure-free status, we compared the frequency with which discrepancies between the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS–R; Wechsler, 1987) Verbal and Visual Memory Indices, Warrington Recognition Memory Test (WRMT; Warrington, 1984) Words and Faces scaled scores, and Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure (IAP) hemispheric memory scores correctly predicted seizure lateralization in the individual patient. Using both clinical analysis and discriminant function analyses (DFA), the IAP was found to be a clearly superior predictor of seizure laterality to the neuropsychological measures, whether used individually or in combination with one another. Using clinical analysis the WRMT was found to be a superior predictor to the WMS–R, which frequently gave false lateralizing information. Using all 3 measures in combination with one another, 87.1% of patients were correctly lateralized using DFA. Correctly lateralized patients were older and had longer durations of seizure disorder. (JINS, 1997, 3, 159–168.)
Anticentrifugal stretching in Ne 20

The anticentrifugal stretching in $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ resulting from a Hartree-Fock calculation is well accounted for in an $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cluster model with a Woods-Saxon potential that has the same radius for states of different $J$.
BLOOD VOLUME IN ALLIGATORS DURING PROLONGED HYPOTHERMIA.

SummaryAlligators cooled for 24 hours (3–4°C) show a significant drop in red cell volume and in venous and circulatory hematocrits when compared with animals held at room temperature (24–25°C). These parameters are lower than those observed in animals cooled acutely (in 30 minutes) to the same temperature. The principal organ taking up red cells is the spleen although other organs, liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines also take up extra cells. Shifts in plasma are small and for the most part not significant. In spite of these changes, the final distribution of cells and plasma in the circulation is not affected by prolonged cooling.
Captures of Male Cabbage Loopers and Pink Bollworms: Effect of Trap Design and Pheromone

A saucer-type trap designed for monitoring populations of Heliothis spp. was the most efficient of 5 types of traps in capturing cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), but no statistical differences could be shown among the trap types in the capture of pink bollworms, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Gossyplure or virelure used in combination with looplure as bait did not affect captures of cabbage loopers. However, looplure used in combination with gossyplure did reduce captures of pink bollworms. Virelure used in combination with looplure or gossyplure did not affect captures of either cabbage loopers or pink bollworms. Therefore, more than one lure can be placed in a single trap for survey of more than one insect species.
Abstract 947: Molecular mechanism of WBP-2 coactivation function in estrogen receptor transactivation

The link between breast cancer and Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) is well established. The ERα is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that, upon binding to the hormone estrogen, regulates the expression of a variety of genes mainly involved in cell proliferation. Coactivators are proteins recruited by the hormone-activated receptor, which enhance the ERα transactivation functions acting as chromatin remodeling enzymes or adaptors between ERα and the transcriptional machinery. Our laboratory has previously identified WBP-2 (WW-domain binding protein 2) as bona fide coactivator of ERα. However, the molecular mechanism underlying WBP-2 coactivation function is not clear yet. In this study we investigate the mechanism by which WBP-2 acts as a coactivators of ERα. Our data show that knockdown of WBP-2 protein is associated with reduced expression of the ERα target gene pS2. Conversely, over-expression of the same protein results in increased pS2 expression. In order to clarify the mechanism governing these outcomes, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays under WBP-2 knockdown conditions. We demonstrate here that WBP-2 binds to the pS2 promoter, and its knockdown is associated with decreased recruitment of the phosphorylated form of RNA PolII (associated with active transcription). Under similar conditions, the histone acetyl transferase p300 also exhibits reduced recruitment to the same promoter. Accordingly, decreased recruitment of p300 correlates with decreased histone acetylation. Collectively, our data indicate that WBP-2 enhances ERα transactivation function by facilitating the recruitment of a histone modifier enzyme that favors a relaxed chromatin structure permissive of transcription. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 947. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-947
What We Talk About When We Talk About Light.

UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) has declared 2015 the “International Year of Light and Light-Based Technologies”. In celebration of this proclamation, this Outlook provides a general history of light and its applications, from the earliest moments of the Big Bang through its present impact on all forms of life on the planet. Special emphasis is placed on fundamental advances in the generation and use of artificial light, as well as the harvesting and use of light from the Sun and other natural sources. During the past century, the role of light in the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology has expanded to include emerging fields such as environmental engineering, agriculture, materials science, and biomedicine. In this regard, future research challenges and new potential applications in these areas, in the context of “the central science”, are presented and discussed.
Determination of lead,cadium and mercury in fish muscle by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and pretreatment of closed microwave

Objective:To establish a method for determine of Pb,Cd and Hg in fish muscle by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES).Methods: The samples were grinded to muddy shape,added with HNO3 and H2O2,and treated with closed microwave at 180℃ for 30 min,then the extraction was determined by ICP-OES with transverse type.Results: The Pb,Cd and Hg were determined in four samples.The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of Pb,Cd and Hg were below 10%,and the recoveries of spiked samples were 92%～101%.Conclusion: The method with high accuracy and precision was convenient,rapid and sensitive for Pb,Cd and Hg analysis in fish muscle.
Exploration and practice of the construction of clinical skills training center

In order to solve the contradiction between the teaching of clinical skills,hospital from 1999 began with national practitioners practical skills examination program of Ministry of education and the Ministry of health "stan dards of undergraduate medical education —— the specialty of clinical medicine(Trial)" as the standard,the integration of resources,the purchase of a series of medical model and training equipment,construction standardization,standardization of clinical skill training center,clinical skills of medical students in clinical practice,and achieved good results.
The Pc Ruin: Archaeological Investigations in the Prescott Tradition

ABSTRACTArchaeological data from a small prehistoric settlement near Prescott in west central Arizona are presented. Four pit houses were located, three excavated and the associated refuse tested.The small settlement may have been inhabited by three conjugal families, which, in turn, could have comprised a single extended one. The actual occupation was brief, occurring during an early portion of the 12th century between approximately A.D. 1100 and 1130. Upon abandonment, two of the domiciles were burned; a third had accidently burned earlier.The usual architectural, artifact, and ceramic summaries are included. The remains are assigned to the little known Chino phase (A.D. 1025 to 1200) of the Prescott cultural tradition. Also presented is the initial evidence for pit house architecture within this cultural period.
THE RELAXATION OF A DECOMPRESSED INCLUSION

Earth’s evolution is controlled by solid-state creep in the mantle. Theories of this buoyantly-driven motion require the material properties in the Rayleigh number. These are viscosity, thermal expansivity and conductivity. Of these properties, viscosity is most sensitive to pressure and temperature. Most rheological studies have been performed in piston-cylinders in which confining hydrostatic pressure can not exceed a few GPa. Within Earth, hydrostatic pressure reaches 2 GPa in the outer hundred kilometres, and increases through the mantle to reach 135 GPa at the core-mantle boundary. Solid-state theory suggests that pressure affects rheology chiefly through the elastic rigidity, and through an activation energy, whose pressure dependence is usually taken as identical with that of the melting temperature [1]. But these plausible arguments have been tested experimentally only at pressures less than about 2 GPa [2]. Current estimates of mantle rheology rely on geophysical observations. These resolve the rheology over distances of order 1000 km. On these scales, the effective viscosity appears nearly uniform within the upper mantle below the lithosphere, with a jump of 10–30 times across the transition zone [3]. The variation across the lower mantle is more poorly constrained. Plausible arguments suggest an increase by another factor of 10–30 from the base of the transition zone to the core-mantle boundary [3].
Recharge Scheduling with Multiple Mobile Chargers

This chapter studies the important research scheduling problem for wireless charging in wireless sensor networks. We first present a distributed protocol that can collect energy information from the network on demand. For scalability, the protocol divides the network into hierarchical levels, selects head nodes on each level and establishes routing paths to the heads. Mobile Chargers (MC) send recharge requests to reveal their current locations. Energy information messages then utilize the established routing paths to get back to the MCs. Based on the gathered energy information, our objective is to minimize energy cost for the MCs during movements and make sure no sensor depletes battery energy. We formulate the problem into an optimization problem by capturing both battery capacity from the MCs and dynamic lifetime from sensors. Since the problem is NP-hard, we present a three-step adaptive algorithm. The algorithm first partitions energy requests according to their locations. Then it constructs Capacitated Minimum Spanning Trees to capture charger’s battery capacities. Finally, the algorithm calculates recharge routes for each tree based on node’s lifetime. Simulation evaluations have demonstrated that the algorithm can successfully maintain perpetual operation of the network.
Urinary Leukotriene E4 to Determine Aspirin Intolerance in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Urinary leukotriene E4 (ULTE4) may be a biomarker that distinguishes aspirin-intolerant asthma from other asthma subtypes. Objective To estimate the diagnostic testing accuracy of ULTE4 as a marker of aspirin intolerance in patients with asthma using previously published studies. Methods We identified relevant clinical studies from a systematic review of English and non-English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (inception to February 10, 2015). Articles were screened at the abstract and full-text level by 2 independent reviewers. We included previously published studies that analyzed ULTE4 in human subjects with asthma characterized as having or not having aspirin intolerance on the basis of a specified definition: convincing history of aspirin intolerance, positive aspirin challenge, or both as the criterion standard. Individual-level data points from all included studies were obtained and analyzed. Results The search strategy identified 867 potential articles, of which 86 were reviewed at the full-text level and 10 met criteria for inclusion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of ULTE4 to determine aspirin intolerance in subjects with asthma were 0.55, 0.82, 0.75, and 0.66 (Amersham-enzyme immunoassay); 0.76, 0.77, 0.70, and 0.78 (Cayman-enzyme immunoassay); 0.70, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.79 (mass spectrometry); and 0.81,0.79, 0.65, and 0.88 (radioimmunoassay) at optimal thresholds of 192, 510, 167 to 173, and 66 to 69 pg/mg Cr, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio for each methodology was 6.0, 11.9, 10.5, and 19.1, respectively. Conclusions ULTE4 is a marker for aspirin-intolerant asthma and could potentially be used as a clinical test to identify the risk of aspirin intolerance in subjects with asthma.
Thyroid hormone parameters during pregnancy in relation to urinary bisphenol A concentrations: A repeated measures study ☆

Abstract Background Maternal supply of thyroid hormones during pregnancy serves a critical role in fetal development. Although animal and in vitro studies provide evidence for thyroid hormone disruption as a result of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure, there is still a lack of evidence in human studies, particularly in the context of pregnancy. Objectives We aimed to explore the associations between urinary BPA concentrations and plasma thyroid hormone parameters during gestation in pregnant women, and also investigated potential windows of vulnerability during gestation. Methods Our study population included 116 cases of preterm birth and 323 controls from a nested case-control study. We measured BPA in urine and thyroid hormone parameters in plasma samples collected at up to four study visits during pregnancy (median for each visit: 9.64, 17.9, 26.0, and 35.1 weeks gestation). We used linear mixed models for repeated measures analyses, and multivariate linear regression models stratified by study visit to explore potential windows of susceptibility. Results In our repeated measures analysis, BPA and thyrotropin (TSH) were inversely associated. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in BPA was associated with an 8.21% decrease in TSH (95% confidence interval [CI]: − 14.2, − 1.83), and a 4.79% increase in free T4 (95% CI: 0.82, 8.92). BPA and TSH were also inversely associated in our cross-sectional analyses at visits 3 and 4. Conclusions Our results suggest that TSH is inversely associated with urinary BPA in a consistent manner across pregnancy. Disruption of TSH levels during pregnancy can potentially impact child development and interfere with normal birth outcomes.
Episodic Volunteering at a Religious Megaevent: Pope Francis's Visit to Philadelphia

In preparation for Pope Francis's visit to Philadelphia and the 2015 World Meeting of Families, organizers looked for thousands of volunteers to help carry out these events. This is common for many one-time and episodic events, such as large sporting events (from marathons to Special Olympics), arts and cultural events (such as festivals and concerts), and fundraising events. After the pope's visit, volunteers were asked to respond to a questionnaire about their experiences and the volunteer management of the event; 2,408 responded (34.4 percent). Data on motivation, who volunteered, recruitment, training, assignment, supervision, communication, satisfaction, and suggestions for improvement were elicited. We focused on episodic volunteering at a religious event and on a broad spectrum of issues pertaining to management of episodic volunteers. Our findings add to the knowledge regarding volunteer management and also add to conceptual understanding of the distinction between ongoing and episodic volunteers.
CMS Hardware Track Trigger: New Opportunities for Long-Lived Particle Searches at the HL-LHC

The planned upgrade of the CMS detector for the High Luminosity LHC allows to find tracks in the silicon tracker for every single LHC collision and use them in the first level (hardware) trigger decision. So far, studies by CMS collaboration concentrated on the maintaining the overall trigger performance in the punishing pile up environment. We argue that the potential capabilities of the track trigger are much wider, and may offer groundbreaking opportunities for new physics searches. As an example, and to facilitate community discussion, we use a simple toy simulation to study rare Higgs decays into new particles with lifetime of order of a few mm.
Darwin, the crowdsourcer

An "Intimate and big-hearted book," in Darwin’s Backyard, James T. Costa brings Charles Darwin fully to life. The famous naturalist strides across every page—collect­ing barnacles from the frigid water of the Firth of Forth, watching spiderlings float from the rigging of the Beagle, and inves­tigating the cross-pollination of foxgloves in Wales
"Movements, Markets, & the Power of Living Stories"

This study introduces the concept of a “living story,” which emerged from an inductive examination of the Rainforest Action Network’s efforts to alter a key practice-sales of lumber products harves...
Self-Regulatory Perseveration and the Onset of Depression

In the course of most people—s lives, setbacks in the pursuit of goals of various sorts are a common occurrence. Self-regulatory processes assist the individual in adjusting his or her behavior to increase the chances of obtaining or maintaining the goal. In the event that the goal is unobtainable, these same self-regulatory processes facilitate disengagment from goal-directed behavior, coping with the emotional upset that such frustrations often produce, and investment in new goals that are more likely to be obtained. A general model of these processes was presented in Chapter 3.
Report on Analytic Products

1. For purposes of the present report, we shall feel free to consider situations as special as possible compatible with an exposition of the main issues.
Efficiency of Two Immobilized Enzymes Acting in Sequence

The overall objective is to determine the conditions under which two immobilized enzymes acting in sequence are most efficient. Consider the following sequential reaction (also called a “coupled” reaction), $$A\xrightarrow{{{E_1}}}B\xrightarrow{{{E_2}}}C$$ with El and E2 being enzymes. We define an efficient system as one in which a minimal amount of E2 to El approximates the maximum rate obtained when E2 is in excess. The practical objectives are to utilize this type of system, or extensions of it, to either generate NAD(P)H for synthetic processes, or to recycle the pyridine nucleotide coenzyme in both synthetic and diagnostic procedures.
An adaptive management approach to controlling suburban deer

We employed an adaptive management approach to initiate a program using contracep- tives to control growth of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population in a suburban environment. Demographic data gathered as part of a 4-year culling effort were used to calibrate the relationship between population size (N) and sustained yield (SY). We modeled population dynamics to estimate the numbers of deer necessary to cull and treat with contraceptives to maintain a stationary population. We determined the effort required to achieve and maintain various population goals based on an estimated rela- tionship between effort and N. Preliminary estimates suggested that ecological carrying capacity (K) was 858 deer and maximum sustained yield (MSY) was 124 deer. Numbers of deer to be culled to maintain a stationary population were similar at corresponding points on either side of MSY (e.g., about I 10 deer removed at 257 or 601 deer), but effort was much greater when the population was on the left arm of the SY parabola (e.g., 545 hrs vs. 1,064 hrs to remove 1 10 deer from N of 257 and 601, respectively). Numbers of females to treat with contraceptives (234 deer) were dissimilar at corresponding points on the SY parabola and higher than numbers to be culled (1 10 deer) at N of 601 because fe- males were not removed from the population. Effort to implement contraception alone was greater than culling alone because of the increased numbers of females involved, and the necessity for 2 contraceptive treatments (e.g., at N of 429; 3,037 and 910 hr to treat and cull deer, respectively). Modeling predictions were especially sensitive to estimates of nonculling loss in the population and the relationship between N and effort. Future management actions should incorporate an experimental design to improve these esti- mates.
Development and Evaluation of Cancer Therapeutic Agents Targeting TRAIL Receptor 1 and 2

Novel biological agents are being developed as cancer therapeutics to target the signaling pathway that mediates programmed cell death. The ability to directly signal apoptosis and the relatively restricted tumor cell expression of the tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) cell surface receptors reflect their potential as specific, therapeutic cancer targets. Therapeutic agents being developed to activate this pathway include agonist human and chimeric TRAIL receptor monoclonal antibodies and the ligand TRAIL. This chapter will summarize the current knowledge of the targets in the TRAIL cell death pathway and the status of the agents being developed to activate this pathway.
Managing the comorbidities of postherpetic neuralgia.

Purpose To discuss the impact of pain and its associated comorbidities in elderly patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). To review the pharmacologic treatments available for patients with chronic pain and concurrent sleep disturbance, depression, and/or anxiety. Data sources Relevant clinical literature pertaining to the management of common comorbid conditions in patients with PHN and chronic pain syndromes. Conclusions Chronic pain strongly influences physical and psychological function in elderly patients. Comorbid illnesses, such as insomnia, depression, or anxiety, often develop in patients with chronic pain and complicate overall pain management and worsen prognosis. Pharmacologic treatment strategies that reduce pain frequently result in concurrent improvements in common pain-associated comorbidities. Pharmacologic treatment should be selected based on the efficacy of the selected agent(s), potential for adverse effects, and impact on pain-associated comorbidity. A multidisciplinary pain care management approach is essential to alleviate pain, manage pain-associated comorbidities, and improve function and quality of life. Implications for practice Elderly patients who often deny their chronic pain are at increased risk for such conditions as sleep disturbance, depression, and/or anxiety. Nurses and nurse practitioners are in a unique position to improve pain care management by recognizing pain and its associated comorbidities early, educating patients regarding their perception of pain, and facilitating rational pharmacotherapy with the goal to improve function and quality of life.
Human Health Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Industrial use of PCBs began in 1929 and since then PCBs have found wide use as dielectric fluids in electrical transformers and capacitors, as heat exchange or hydraulic fluids, and in a variety of other commercial applications. PCBs are a group of 209 structurally different chlorobiphenyl congeners consisting of two linked phenyl rings on which can be located from 1 to 10 chlorine atoms. Commercially produced PCBs consist of mixtures of from 50 to 90 individual congeners. The principal product used in the United States was manufactured by the Monsanto Company and sold under the trade name “Aroclor.” Table 1 lists the approximate percentages of PCBs in the most commonly used Aroclor mixtures. While many isomers exist for a specific number of chlorine atoms per molecule, nearly half the PCB congeners do not occur in the commercial mixtures.
IL-15 regulates fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic fibrosis is a major concern for the successful treatment of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Therefore, restriction in the progression of fibrosis is the promising approach to...
The Lure of Academic and Social Reputations versus Athletic Success: Influences on Enrollment Yield at NCAA Division I Institutions.

Colleges and universities face pressure to maintain enrollments in a time of demographic shifts in the college-going population and reductions in state funding. One indicator of successfully maintaining enrollments is the percentage of accepted students who matriculate—the enrollment yield. Factors known to contribute to yield include school size, cost, research, and reputation. Of interest in the present study is the import of academic reputation as measured by U. S. News and World Report rankings and social reputation as measured by designation as a ‘party school’ relative to accomplishments of the school’s high-profile athletic teams. I use a 21 year panel to model yield for all institutions competing at the highest level of intercollegiate athletics. The results show that yield rates consistently respond to USNWR rankings, but being named a party school has a more sporadic influence. Athletic success has little effect on a school’s enrollment yield. The findings suggest that the signals sent by academic rankings are stronger and better received than the signals sent by social or sports accomplishments.
Towards a harmonized method for the global reconnaissance of multi-class antimicrobials and other pharmaceuticals in wastewater and receiving surface waters.

The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (PIRE-HEARD, award number: 1545756 ). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. We would also like to thank the following collaborators for help with sample collection and for enabling access to the treatment facilities for sampling: Dr. Amy Pruden, Dr. Matthew Chan, Matthew Blair, Gustavo Arango-Argoty, Dr. Marjorie Willner, and Dr. Virginia Riquelme from Virginia Tech, Denise Escolar, Dr. Caroline Jaraula, Dr. Charito Kwan, Dr. Gisella Concepcion, and Dr. Analiza Rollon from the University of the Philippines Diliman, Dr. Indumathi Nambi from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Dr. Joakim Larsson from University of Gothenburg, Dr. Helmut Burgmann from the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology in Switzerland, and Dr. Tong Zhang and Ni Zhu from University of Hong Kong. Appendix A
Een chanterende patiënt (2)

In deel 1 van deze casus (zie TP 4, mei 2015, pag. 39-45) schreef een tandarts me onder meer:
Facet-Independent Oxygen Evolution Activity of Pure β-NiOOH: Different Chemistries Leading to Similar Overpotentials

β-Nickel oxyhydroxide (β-NiOOH) is a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is the more difficult half-reaction involved in water splitting. In this study, we revisit the OER activities of the two most abundant crystallographic facets of pristine β-NiOOH, the (0001) and (1010) facets, which expose 6-fold-lattice-oxygen-coordinated and 5-fold-lattice-oxygen-coordinated Ni sites, respectively. To this end, we model various active sites on these two facets using hybrid density functional theory, which includes a fraction of the exact nonlocal Fock exchange in the electronic description of the system. By evaluating thermodynamic OER overpotentials, we show that the two active sites considered on each crystallographic facet demonstrate OER activities remarkably different from each other. However, the lowest OER overpotentials calculated for the two facets were found to be similar to each other and comparable to the overpotential for the 4-fold-lattice-oxygen-coordinated Ni site on the (1211) facet of β-NiOOH previously examined in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019 , 141 , 1 , 693 - 705 . This finding shows that all of the low-index facets investigated so far could be responsible for the experimentally observed OER activity of pristine β-NiOOH. However, the lowest overpotential active sites on these three crystallographic facets operate via different mechanisms, underscoring the importance of considering multiple OER pathways and intermediates on each crystallographic facet of a potential electrocatalyst. Specifically, our work demonstrates that consideration of previously overlooked active sites, transition-metal-ion oxidation states, reaction intermediates, and lattice-oxygen-stabilization are critical to reveal the lowest overpotential OER pathways on pristine β-NiOOH.
SocialCar: A Task Allocation Framework for Social Media Driven Vehicular Network Sensing Systems

Vehicular sensor networks (VSNs) have become a reliable sensing instrument utilizing sensors built into cars. However, VSNs have limited sensing scopes since car drivers only opportunistically discover new events. Conversely, social sensing is protruding as a new sensing paradigm where measurements about the physical world are collected from humans. In this paper, we develop SocialCar, a task allocation framework for social media driven vehicular network sensing systems that exploits the collective powers of social sensing and VSNs for a robust sensing application. However, integrating VSNs with social sensing introduces a new set of challenges. The first challenge is leveraging the noisy and unreliable social signals to route vehicles to the regions of interest. The second challenge is the inconsistent availability attributed to car drivers being rational actors causing churn in the system. To address the above challenges, this paper introduces a bottom-up game-theoretic task preference model along with a top-down dynamic incentive control mechanism to allow car drivers to be selectively dispatched to event locations and verify the truthfulness of reported events. The results on a real-world disaster recovery case study show that SocialCar significantly outperforms current VSNs based solutions in detection effectiveness and deadline hit rate.
Smoothing Spline Semiparametric Density Models

Density estimation plays a fundamental role in many areas of statistics and machine learning. Parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric density estimation methods have been proposed in the lite...
Probabilistic Joint Segmentation and Labeling of C. elegans Neurons

Automatic identification and segmentation of the neurons of C. elegans enables evaluating nervous system mutations, positional variability, and allows us to conduct high-throughput population studies employing many animals. A recently introduced transgene of C. elegans, named “NeuroPAL” has enabled the efficient annotation of neurons and the construction of a statistical atlas of their positions. Previous atlas-based segmentation approaches have modeled images of cells as a mixture model. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and its variants are used to find the (local) maximum likelihood parameters for this class of models. We present a variation of the EM algorithm called Sinkhorn-EM (sEM) that uses regularized optimal transport Sinkhorn iterations to enforce constraints on the marginals of the joint distribution of observed variables and latent assignments in order to incorporate our prior information about cell sizes into the cluster-data assignment proportions. We apply our method to the problem of segmenting and labeling neurons in fluorescent microscopy images of C. elegans specimens. We show empirically that sEM outperforms vanilla EM and a recently proposed 3-step (filter, detect, identify) labeling approach. Open source code implementing this method is available at https://github.com/amin-nejat/SinkhornEM.
Accelerating Microstructural Analytics with Dask for Volumetric X-ray Images

While X-ray microtomography has become indispensable in 3D inspections of materials, efficient processing of such volumetric datasets continues to be a challenge. This paper describes a computational environment for HPC to facilitate parallelization of algorithms in computer vision and machine learning needed for microstructure characterization and interpretation. The contribution is to accelerate microstructural analytics by employing Dask high-level parallel abstractions, which scales Numpy workflows to enable multi-dimensional image analysis of diverse specimens. We illustrate our results using an example from materials sciences, emphasizing the benefits of parallel execution of image-dependent tasks. Preliminary results show that the proposed environment configuration and scientific software stack deployed using JupyterLab at NERSC Cori enables near-real time analyses of complex, high-resolution experiments.
A Far Infrared Rooftop Resonator

Optically pumped far-infrared (FIR) lasers are known to suffer from power instabilities caused by reflected feedback of the pump beam by the FIR resonator [1-3]. To overcome this problem a self-isolating FIR cavity has been constructed using metallic rooftop mirrors as the reflecting elements. See Fig. 1. Cavity isolation is achieved when the incoming pump polarization is oriented at 45° with respect to the crease of the output-coupling rooftop. In this configuration the backward-going pump beam polarization is orthogonal to the input beam polarization. This backward-going feedback beam is then eliminated by a Brewster stack or polarizer. In this way the two cavities are decoupled. Further, since the crease of the input-coupling rooftop is oriented parallel (or perpendicular) to the crease of the output-coupling rooftop, the polarization reorientation described above is repeated. Hence, even if the pump beam makes several passes inside the FIR laser, the polarization of the backward-going pump beam remains orthogonal to that of the forward-going beam. Very significant increases in FIR output power stability have been achieved using this type of self-isolating resonator.
Diversifying the patterning landscape in block copolymer self-assembly

Improvements in ordering kinetics and pattern diversity are needed to make block copolymer directed self-assembly (BCP DSA) a route to cost-effective, large-area nanomanufacturing. This talk will highlight recent research in BCP DSA with these goals in mind. First, I will describe how self-templating in layered BCP thin films produces new 3D pattern symmetries. Second I will show how chemical patterning can be used to locally select between coexisting cylinder and lamellae morphologies in BCP blends. Finally, I will discuss the use of homopolymer plasticizers to accelerate ordering, enabling self-assembly at the > ~100 nm scale relevant for optical dielectric metasurfaces.
Transcriptome analysis of early stages of sorghum grain mold disease reveals defense regulators and metabolic pathways associated with resistance.

Background Sorghum grain mold is the most important disease of the crop. The disease results from simultaneous infection of the grain by multiple fungal species. Host responses to these fungi and the underlying molecular and cellular processes are poorly understood. To understand the genetic, molecular and biochemical components of grain mold resistance, transcriptome profiles of the developing grain of resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes were studied. Results The developing kernels of grain mold resistant RTx2911 and susceptible RTx430 sorghum genotypes were inoculated with a mixture of fungal pathogens mimicking the species complexity of the disease under natural infestation. Global transcriptome changes corresponding to multiple molecular and cellular processes, and biological functions including defense, secondary metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis were observed with differential regulation in the two genotypes. Genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), regulators of growth and defense homeostasis, antimicrobial peptides, pathogenesis-related proteins, zein seed storage proteins, and phytoalexins showed increased expression correlating with resistance. Notably, SbLYK5 gene encoding an orthologue of chitin PRR, defensin genes SbDFN7.1 and SbDFN7.2 exhibited higher expression in the resistant genotype. The SbDFN7.1 and SbDFN7.2 genes are tightly linked and transcribed in opposite orientation with a likely common bidirectional promoter. Interestingly, increased expression of JAZ and other transcriptional repressors were observed that suggested the tight regulation of plant defense and growth. The data suggest a pathogen inducible defense system in the developing grain of sorghum that involves the chitin PRR, MAPKs, key transcription factors, downstream components regulating immune gene expression and accumulation of defense molecules. We propose a model through which the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocynidin phytoalexins, defensins, PR proteins, other antimicrobial peptides, and defense suppressing proteins are regulated by a pathogen inducible defense system in the developing grain. Conclusions The transcriptome data from a rarely studied tissue shed light into genetic, molecular, and biochemical components of disease resistance and suggested that the developing grain shares conserved immune response mechanisms but also components uniquely enriched in the grain. Resistance was associated with increased expression of genes encoding regulatory factors, novel grain specific antimicrobial peptides including defensins and storage proteins that are potential targets for crop improvement.
Cybersecurity: Politics, Governance and Conflict in Cyberspace: Damien Van Puyvelde and Aaron F. Brantly, Cambridge and Medford, Polity, 2019

Cybersecurity has become an emerging field of study in both the social sciences and hard sciences. Some of the existing books on cybersecurity are either predominantly technical or purely case stud...
Selective Src-Family B Kinases Inhibition Promotes Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cell Dysfunction.

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are essential for eukaryotic signaling. By targeting select PTKs, the group of drugs known as Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have proven to be effective for treating multiple diseases ranging from cancer to pulmonary fibrosis. However, some TKIs also paradoxically lead to the development of adverse conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by promoting endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD). We hypothesize that (1) subsets of PTKs may disproportionately modulate signaling pathways critical for endothelial homeostasis, such as BMPR2 signaling, and (2) inhibiting those pro-endothelial PTKs can promote the development of ECD. Herein we use an agnostic high-throughput siRNA screen to investigate how PTKs affect the canonical BMPR2 signaling pathway. Our major finding is that within the Src-family of non-receptor PTKs, the Src-B family promotes canonical BMPR2 signaling while the Src-A family suppresses it. We focus on two representative members of each family, Lck (for Src-B) and Fyn (for Src-A) that are the strongest activators or inhibitors of BMPR2 signaling in the screen. We confirm that Lck is expressed in the endothelium of pulmonary arteries and show that Lck knockout (termed si-Lck) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) suppresses canonical BMPR2 signaling while Fyn knockout (termed si-Fyn) promotes canonical BMPR2 signaling. Furthermore, Lck and Fyn are responsible for opposing functional behaviors in PAECs: si-Lck promotes apoptosis and interferes with tube formation while si-Fyn suppresses apoptosis and promotes tube formation. After analyzing the whole-transcriptome signature of si-Lck and si-Fyn PAECs we find that in addition to BMPR2 signaling suppression, si-Lck (and not si-Fyn) increases a broad number of ECD markers and increases canonical NF-κβ signaling. In summary, for the first time we show that Src-A and B Family of PTKs exert differential control over key endothelial cell signaling pathways resulting in direct phenotypic consequences. This knowledge may help to guide the design of more precise TKIs which avoid adverse drug reactions brought about through endothelial cell dysfunction.
Inhalation of Oxygen as an Aid to Recovery after Exertion

Abstract Twelve young men including six trained endurance runners and six non-runners, were tested once in each of three treatment situations to determine the effectiveness of oxygen inhalation as an aid to recovery. The exercise test involved two runs of 5 min. each on a motor-driven treadmill. The treadmill was set at level grade and a speed of 8mph. After the first run, one of the treatments was administered. The treatments consisted of oxygen, a placebo tank of compressed atmospheric air, and ordinary atmospheric air. Immediately after a 1-min. inhalation period, the second 5-min. run followed. Heart rates were monitored throughout the testing period, and recovery oxygen consumption and ventilation rate were measured after the second run. The inhalation of oxygen did not appear to be of any physiological aid to recovery. Although not of statistical significance, larger pulse decreases were recorded on the non-runners during the inhalation of oxygen. Exercise pulse rates indicated that the exercise tes...
Crayfish Inspired Representation of Space via Haptic Memory in a Simulated Robotic Agent

Some species of crayfish can learn and remember environmental features by actively collecting spatial information with their antennae. We were able to qualitatively reproduce features of crayfish exploratory behavior by incorporating into a simulated robot a mapping strategy using cross-correlation of sensed environmental features (wall discontinuities). Our model collects environmental information along one continuous surface (in one dimension) to produce a representation of a two-dimensional space. The simulated robotic model can use this information to discriminate between familiar and novel environments and shows recognition of previously explored environnments. Our results support the hypothesis that crayfish can collect and use spatial information gathered haptically while exploring. Our model also predicts features of this spatial exploration strategy that can be subsequently tested in crayfish, allowing us to modify our model accordingly.
Factors influencing the cytotoxicity of α-methylene-γ-hydroxy esters against pancreatic cancer

A systematic study to identify the factors influencing the cytotoxicity of α-methylene-γ-hydroxy esters against three pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1, MIA-PaCa-2, and BxPC-3) has established that, in addition to Michael acceptor abilities, the possibility to lactonize to α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones is as important. The substitution pattern and the number of carbons between the hydroxy and ester moieties also influence the bio-activity.
An evaluation of inferential procedures for adaptive clinical trial designs with pre-specified rules for modifying the sample size.

Summary Many papers have introduced adaptive clinical trial methods that allow modifications to the sample size based on interim estimates of treatment effect. There has been extensive commentary on type I error control and efficiency considerations, but little research on estimation after an adaptive hypothesis test. We evaluate the reliability and precision of different inferential procedures in the presence of an adaptive design with pre-specified rules for modifying the sampling plan. We extend group sequential orderings of the outcome space based on the stage at stopping, likelihood ratio statistic, and sample mean to the adaptive setting in order to compute median-unbiased point estimates, exact confidence intervals, and P-values uniformly distributed under the null hypothesis. The likelihood ratio ordering is found to average shorter confidence intervals and produce higher probabilities of P-values below important thresholds than alternative approaches. The bias adjusted mean demonstrates the lowest mean squared error among candidate point estimates. A conditional error-based approach in the literature has the benefit of being the only method that accommodates unplanned adaptations. We compare the performance of this and other methods in order to quantify the cost of failing to plan ahead in settings where adaptations could realistically be pre-specified at the design stage. We find the cost to be meaningful for all designs and treatment effects considered, and to be substantial for designs frequently proposed in the literature.