cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure-Optical Property Correlation of Epitaxial Potassium Niobate Thin Films Deposited on Magnesium Oxide (100) Substrates Using a Strontium Titanate Transition layer

Epitaxial thin films of orthorhombic KNbO3 (100)/(010) were deposited on MgO (100) single-crystal substrates by pulsed laser ablation using an e120 A SrTiO3 (110) transition layer in between. From X-ray diffraction, the orientation relationships were determined as (010) [100] or (100) [010] KNb03∥ (110) [110] SrTiO3∥ (100) [011] MgO and (010) [001] or (100) [001] KNbO3∥ (110) [001] SrTiO3∥ (100) [011] MgO. The measured film refractive indices at 632.8 nm were 2.213 ± 0.003, 2.278 ± 0.003, and 2.285 ± 0.003, respectively, along MgO [100], [011], and [011] directions. A model was developed to correlate the measured effective refractive indices of the film to area fractions of domain variants in the film. Using the model, the area fraction of domains with their polarization axis normal to the substrate was estimated to be 60.0 ± 2.7%.
Risk Factors for Dehiscence of Stapled Functional End-to-End Intestinal Anastomoses in Dogs: 53 Cases (2001-2012).

Objective To identify risk factors for dehiscence in stapled functional end-to-end anastomoses (SFEEA) in dogs. Study Design Retrospective case series. Animals Dogs (n = 53) requiring an enterectomy. Methods Medical records from a single institution for all dogs undergoing an enterectomy (2001–2012) were reviewed. Surgeries were included when gastrointestinal (GIA) and thoracoabdominal (TA) stapling equipment was used to create a functional end-to-end anastomosis between segments of small intestine or small and large intestine in dogs. Information regarding preoperative, surgical, and postoperative factors was recorded. Results Anastomotic dehiscence was noted in 6 of 53 cases (11%), with a mortality rate of 83%. The only preoperative factor significantly associated with dehiscence was the presence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Surgical factors significantly associated with dehiscence included the presence, duration, and number of intraoperative hypotensive periods, and location of anastomosis, with greater odds of dehiscence in anastomoses involving the large intestine. Conclusion IBD, location of anastomosis, and intraoperative hypotension are risk factors for intestinal anastomotic dehiscence after SFEEA in dogs. Previously suggested risk factors (low serum albumin concentration, preoperative septic peritonitis, and intestinal foreign body) were not confirmed in this study.
Conspecific cues and breeding habitat selection in an endangered woodland warbler.

Summary 1. Research on habitat selection has focused on the role of vegetative and geologic characteristics or antagonistic behavioural interactions. 2. Conspecifics can confer information about habitat quality and provide positive densitydependent effects, suggesting habitat selection in response to the presence of conspecifics can be an adaptive strategy. 3. We conducted a manipulative field experiment investigating use of conspecific location cues for habitat selection and consequent reproductive outcomes for the endangered golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We investigated the response in woodlands across a range of habitat canopy cover conditions typically considered suitable to unsuitable and using vocal cues presented during two time periods: pre-settlement and post-breeding. 4. Warblers showed a strong response to both pre-settlement and post-breeding conspecific cues. Territory density was greater than four times higher in treatment sample units than controls. The magnitude of response was higher for cues presented during the pre-settlement period. Positive response to conspecific cues was consistent even in previously unoccupied areas with low canopy cover typically considered unsuitable, resulting in aggregations of warblers in areas generally not considered potential habitat. 5. Pairing and reproductive success of males was not correlated with canopy cover, as commonly thought. Pairing success and fledging success increased with increasing territory density suggesting that conspecific density may be more important for habitat selection decisions than the canopy cover conditions typically thought to be most important. These results suggest the range of habitat within which birds can perform successfully may be greater than is typically observed. 6. Our results suggest the territory selection process may not be substantially influenced by competition in some systems. Settlement in response to conspecific cues produced aggregations within larger areas of similar vegetative characteristics. Understanding what cues drive habitat selection decisions and whether these cues are correlated with habitat quality is critical for conserving fitness-enhancing habitats, avoiding creation of ecological traps, generating accurate predictions of species distributions and understanding how occupancy relates to habitat suitability.
Fast Computation of Layered Medium Green's Functions of Multilayers and Lossy Media Using Fast All-Modes Method and Numerical Modified Steepest Descent Path Method

A fast and accurate approach, based on the fast all-modes method (FAM) and the numerical modified steepest descent path method (NMSP), was previously used to calculate the spatial Green's function for a single-layer lossless dielectric medium over a perfect electric conductor. This paper successfully extends that approach to two new cases. The first is the multilayer case where the medium has an arbitrary number of layers. The second is lossy media over an imperfect conductor. The FAM locates all modes accurately on the complex plane. The modes include surface wave modes, leaky wave modes, and improper modes. For a typical six-layer case over a ground plane, the FAM requires only 2.265 s of pre-processing that includes computing 200 mode locations by using a P4 3.2-GHz PC with Matlab. The NMSP is then used to evaluate the steepest descent path integral. Accuracy within 0.2% is achieved in comparison with the benchmark calculations. Within this context of accuracy, the total CPU per distance point is less than 7.6 ms for distances larger than 0.02 free-space wavelength and is less than 2.7 ms for distances larger than two free-space wavelengths. This method is shown to be fast and accurate, even for large-distance interactions in the multilayer and lossy media.
Two related kinesins, klp5+ and klp6+, foster microtubule disassembly and are required for meiosis in fission yeast.

The kinesin superfamily of microtubule motor proteins is important in many cellular processes, including mitosis and meiosis, vesicle transport, and the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. We have characterized two related kinesins in fission yeast, klp5+ and klp6+, that are amino-terminal motors of the KIP3 subfamily. Analysis of null mutants demonstrates that neither klp5+ nor klp6+, individually or together, is essential for vegetative growth, although these mutants have altered microtubule behavior. klp5Δ and klp6Δ are resistant to high concentrations of the microtubule poison thiabendazole and have abnormally long cytoplasmic microtubules that can curl around the ends of the cell. This phenotype is greatly enhanced in the cell cycle mutant cdc25–22, leading to a bent, asymmetric cell morphology as cells elongate during cell cycle arrest. Klp5p-GFP and Klp6p-GFP both localize to cytoplasmic microtubules throughout the cell cycle and to spindles in mitosis, but their localizations are not interdependent. During the meiotic phase of the life cycle, both of these kinesins are essential. Spore viability is low in homozygous crosses of either null mutant. Heterozygous crosses of klp5Δ with klp6Δ have an intermediate viability, suggesting cooperation between these proteins in meiosis.
Maternal Mosaicism Confounds the Neonatal Diagnosis of Type 1 Timothy Syndrome

The presence of 2 distinct populations of somatic or germline cells within a single individual harboring different genotypes is termed mosaicism. Recent reports suggest that parental mosaicism is involved in the heritability of type 1 Timothy syndrome (TS1), an extremely rare and life-threatening multisystem disorder characterized by severe QT interval prolongation, syndactyly, and several other complications. Although full TS1 is caused by a single missense mutation in the CACNA1C-encoded cardiac calcium channel, mosaic TS1 parents can display isolated syndactyly without additional phenotypic manifestations. A newborn boy presented with syndactyly at birth. The presence of syndactyly in his mother led to a diagnosis of benign familial syndactyly. However, at 9 months of age, during his first syndactyly-corrective surgery, intraoperative electrocardiograms revealed extreme QT prolongation and 2:1 atrioventricular block. A comprehensive cardiac evaluation was performed, and both mother and child were tested genetically, confirming a clinical suspicion of TS1. Only the patient tested positive for the TS1 mutation; however, more extensive molecular testing revealed a limited presence of the mutation in maternally-derived DNA. This case illustrates the potential of parental mosaicism to confound the diagnosis of potentially life-threatening genetic diseases, such as TS1. Here, a mother with a partial TS1 phenotype and genetically confirmed mosaicism transmitted the TS1-causative mutation to her son, resulting in fully expressive TS1. Thus, a shared partial phenotype should not be dismissed as a benign or insignificant finding, but should be evaluated further to rule out the possibility of parental mosaicism concealing a potentially fatal heritable disease.
Cytologic Diagnosis of Burkitt Lymphoma Role of Ancillary Studies

BACKGROUND. The diagnosis and classification of lymphoma require correlation of morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular-cytogenetic studies. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a valuable diagnostic technique that allows material to be collected for these ancillary studies, and for morphologic evaluation. METHODS. The authors report a series of seven cases clinically or morphologically suspicious for Burkitt lymphoma. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies (FISH) for c-myc were performed on FNAB material and correlated with cytologic and immunophenotypic data. RESULTS. Six of seven specimens were positive for c-myc rearrangement by FISH. However, only three of these cases represented Burkitt lymphoma, with one additional case of atypical Burkitt lymphoma. The other cases included diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, monomorphic posttransplant B-cell lymphoma, and an aggressive B-cell lymphoma, with the latter case negative for c-myc rearrangement by FISH. Of 2 non-Burkitt lymphoma specimens tested, 1 was positive for the immunoglobulin H/bcl-2 rearrangement, in addition to the c-myc rearrangement, suggesting transformation from a lower grade lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS. These cases illustrated the value of FNAB in the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma, as well as the importance of obtaining material for, and integrating results of, ancillary studies for the final diagnosis. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2005;105:310 – 8. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Pantothenic acid metabolism during avian malaria infection: pantothenate kinase activity in duck erythrocytes and in Plasmodium lophurae.

SYNOPSIS. The initial enzymatic reaction in the pathway of coenzyme A genesis from pantothenic acid, i.e., the conversion of pantothenic acid to phosphopantothenic acid catalyzed by pantothenic acid kinase, was found in extracts of avian erythrocytes but not in extracts of Plasmodium lophurae or intact parasites. The activity of the kinase was significantly higher in extracts prepared from normal duck erythrocytes than those infected with P. lophurae. The apparent absence of pantothenic acid kinase in P. lophurae is corroborative support for nutritional studies(7,9) which suggest that the avian malarial parasite is dependent for its supply of coenzyme A on the host cell.
The cytoplasmic domain of Fas ligand costimulates TCR signals.

Productive T cell activation generally requires costimulation in addition to a signal delivered through the TCR. Although FasL is well-characterized for its capacity to deliver a death signal through Fas, this TNF family member can also transmit a reverse signal to enhance Ag-driven T cell proliferation. In this study, we define this reverse signal through FasL as costimulation by showing it requires TCR coengagement and is CD28 independent. We demonstrate that FasL-mediated costimulation drives FasL recruitment into lipid rafts and association with select Src homology 3 (SH3)-containing proteins. We further show that the proline-rich intracellular domain of FasL is sufficient to costimulate by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, JNK, and FasL itself, by activating the transcription factors NFAT and AP-1, and by enhancing IFN-γ production. These results elucidate the pathway of costimulation through the death inducer FasL, and comprise the first mechanistic analysis of a newly emerging group of costimulators, the TNF family.
Substance use initiation among adolescent children of alcoholics: testing protective factors.

Objective: Past research suggests that adolescent children of alcoholics (COAs) are at heightened risk for alcohol and drug use. However, not all COAs use substances during adolescence. The current study investigated whether five factors (self-awareness, perceived control, family organization, behavioral coping and cognitive coping) buffer COA risk for substance use initiation during adolescence. Method: A community sample of 454 COA and matched control families was recruited to participate in a 3-year longitudinal study, involving annual computer-assisted interviews with adolescents and their parents. Subjects were selected for the current study if they had complete data at all three assessment periods and showed either abstinence throughout the study or substance use initiation after the first wave of assessment. A subsample of 267 (127 COAs, 147 controls; 147 male) of the original participants was included in the current analyses. Results: Logistic regress on analyses found some support for the bufferi...
Bayesian uncertainty quantification for flows in heterogeneous porous media using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Abstract In this paper, we study the uncertainty quantification in inverse problems for flows in heterogeneous porous media. Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (MCMC) are used for hierarchical modeling of channelized permeability fields. Within each channel, the permeability is assumed to have a log-normal distribution. Uncertainty quantification in history matching is carried out hierarchically by constructing geologic facies boundaries as well as permeability fields within each facies using dynamic data such as production data. The search with Metropolis–Hastings algorithm results in very low acceptance rate, and consequently, the computations are CPU demanding. To speed-up the computations, we use a two-stage MCMC that utilizes upscaled models to screen the proposals. In our numerical results, we assume that the channels intersect the wells and the intersection locations are known. Our results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of capturing the channel boundaries and describe the permeability variations within the channels using dynamic production history at the wells.
Different Methods of Estimating Crude Protein Concentration of Bermudagrass Pastures for Stocker Calf Production1

Abstract The most efficient supplementation strategy for stocker calf enterprises is to monitor forage CP content and to begin supplementation when forage CP concentration falls below the nutrient requirement for the targeted rate of gain. The objective of this experiment was to compare estimation of CP concentration of Bermudagrass pastures derived from remote sensing (RS) of standing green biomass using spectral reflectance measurements, and those derived from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis of fecal samples. Pastures (3.2 ha) of ‘Midland’, ‘Ozark’, ‘World Feeder’ and an experimental hybrid (‘74-12-12’) Bermudagrass variety were used during 3 consecutive summers. One half of each pasture was randomly assigned to NIRS analysis of feces (FNIRS) or RS of standing biomass. Both methods signaled that CP had dropped below the target level at similar (P = 0.86) points in the grazing season and that this date was different from the traditional method of supplementing at the midpoint of the grazing season. In comparison to laboratory analysis, the RS method ranked the 4 varieties for CP concentration at the beginning of the grazing season better than FNIRS. A decrease in CP concentration during the ?rst 6 wk of the grazing season was detected by both methods, but the accuracy was dependent upon variety. Based on these data, it is concluded that RS and FNIRS can be used to determine when to initiate supplementation of beef calves grazing Bermudagrass pastures.
Mortality from unintentional injuries in California, 1985.

Abstract In 1985 unintentional injuries were the fourth leading cause of death among California residents, causing 10,380 deaths. They were the leading cause of potential life lost, accounting for 278,109 years lost. This was more than twice the number of years lost due to heart disease and 1 1/2 times the number lost due to cancer. Motor vehicle traffic accidents were the leading cause of unintentional injury deaths, accounting for half (5,158) the deaths. The next two leading causes were poisoning (especially for men aged 25 to 44 years) and falls (especially among persons aged 75 and older). Drowning was second to motor vehicle accidents as a cause of death in children aged 1 to 14 years. California's age-adjusted injury mortality rates in 1985 were lower in coastal and urban counties than in inland and rural counties, and these rates were generally lower in counties having organized systems of trauma care.
Vision screening of abused and neglected children by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to present descriptive findings of ocular abnormalities in vision screening examinations of abused and neglected children. We compared the prevalence and the nature of eye diseases and refractive error between abused and neglected boys staying at the Hathaway Home, a residential facility for abused children, and boys from neighboring Boys and Girls clubs. METHODS: The children in the study received vision screening examinations through the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic following a standard format. Clinical data were analyzed by chi-square test. RESULTS: The children with a history of abuse demonstrated significantly higher prevalence of myopia, astigmatism, and external eye disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that children with a history of abuse may be at higher risk for visual impairment. These visual impairments may be the long-term sequelae of child abuse. Language: en
Frequency characteristics of sympathetic nerve discharge in anesthetized rats

Frequency-domain analyses were used to characterize basal sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and to determine the relationships between the activity recorded simultaneously from sympathetic nerves in chloralose-anesthetized, baroreceptor-innervated rats. Discharges were recorded from the splanchnic, renal, and lumbar nerves. The following observations were made. 1) Approximately 65-75% of total power in SND was contained below 9 Hz in either baroreceptor-innervated rats or baroreceptor-denervated rats. 2) Coherence values relating the activity of two nerves were significantly different from zero within this frequency band. 3) The interval between the discharges of two sympathetic nerves was either frequency dependent or constant within the coherent frequency band. 4) The frequency components of SND and the relationships between the activity in two sympathetic nerves could be altered during periods of acute stress. These results suggest that the system responsible for basal SND in rats is composed of either multiple sympathetic generators or multiple filters arranged in parallel, which are capable of producing different outputs. The dynamic nature of these circuits was revealed by the changes that occurred during periods of acute stress.
The nutritional requirement of the protein-depleted chicken

The requirements of normal and of variously depleted birds of equal body weight were compared for tryptophan, arginine, methionine and lysine. Marked differences in requirement were noted between control and depleted birds as well as among the differently depleted groups. Birds depleted by starvation had a higher tryptophan requirement and a lower requirement for methionine and lysine than either controls or birds depleted on a N-free or a gelatin-containing diet. Those depleted on a N-free diet gained less well on a hydrolyzed casein diet than controls or previously starved birds. This difference in weight gain could be overcome by supplementing the hydrolyzed casein with small amounts of leucine, phenylalanine, and threonine. The birds depleted on a gelatin diet had a significantly lower arginine requirement than any of the other groups. We conclude that in birds of similar body weight the state of depletion influences not only the quantitative needs for protein and amino acids but, perhaps more importantly, the amino acid pattern necessary for optimal repletion.
Effect of melatonin on thyroid hormone secretion rate and feed consumption of female rats.

SummaryTSR estimation of Sprague-Dawley-Rolfsmeyer strains of rats at 55 and 85 days of age was found to be highly significantly reduced by 22.8% and 14.8% respectively with subcutaneous injection of 50 μg melatonin/rat at 55 days, and 75 μg/ rat at 85 days but not by 100 μg/rat at 115 days of age. These results indicate that melatonin depresses TSR but the effect appears to be reduced with advaancing age. Feed consumption was reduced 8.76%, a nonsignificant reduction, in 115-day-old rats injected s/c with 100 μg melatonin/day/rat for a period of 12 days. The effect may be cumulative due to increasing doses of melatonin during each TSR estimation at monthly intervals. At the end of the experiment, the mean ovarian weight showed a highly significant reduction of 30.1% and the pituitary weight of 34.6% in comparison with the control group. In contrast, the mean adrenal weight showed a highly significant increase of 22.7%.
Isolation of RNA species from HeLa cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

SummaryHeLa cells infected with RSV at an m.o.i. of 1 PFU/cell were incubated for 36 hr and then labeled with 3H-uridine for 2 hr in the presence of actinomycin D. RNAs sedimenting at c. 10S and 28S could be extracted from the infected cells, whereas there was no significant incorporation of 3H-uridine in uninfected cells treated in a similar fashion. The RNA obtained from the RSV-infected cells was apparently about 80% single stranded. These findings resemble those described for members of the paramyxovirus group.
Extracellular Palladium Nanoparticle Production using Geobacter sulfurreducens

Sustainable methods are needed to recycle precious metals and synthesize catalytic nanoparticles. Palladium nanoparticles can be produced via microbial reduction of soluble Pd(II) to Pd(0), but in previous tests using dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria (DMRB), the nanoparticles were closely associated with the cells, occupying potential reductive sites and eliminating the potential for cell reuse. The DMRB Geobacter sulfurreducens was shown here to reduce soluble Pd(II) to Pd(0) nanoparticles primarily outside the cell, reducing the toxicity of metal ions, and allowing nanoparticle recovery without cell destruction that has previously been observed using other microorganisms. Cultures reduced 50 ± 3 mg/L Pd(II) with 1% hydrogen gas (v/v headspace) in 6 h incubation tests [100 mg/L Pd(II) initially], compared to 8 ± 3 mg/L (10 mM acetate) without H2. Acetate was ineffective as an electron donor for palladium removal in the presence or absence of fumarate as an electron acceptor. TEM imaging verified tha...
Japan's Impact on China's Early Modernization Process(1895-1945)

China’s modernization learned from Japan,but Japan is also the biggest destroyer of China's modernization.It not only destroys China's modernization but also makes China's modernization geographically widely spread and bring an opportunity for China's social development.In this paper,the modernization model from Japan and the Japanese aggression in China are the two aspects,which analyzes the Japan's impact on China's Early modernization process of 1895-1945.China's choice of Japan's modernization model to a certain extent,affected the depth and breadth of China's modernization process,while Japan's aggression and plunder delayed China's modernization process.
Hypertrophic smooth muscle in the partially obstructed opossum esophagus: Excitability and electrophysiological properties

Partial obstruction of the opossum esophagus leads to thickening of the circular muscle, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, and diminution of the extracellular space. The pharmacological and electrophysiological properties of this hypertrophied muscle were studied. Carbachol produced phasic and tonic contractions of the circular muscle. The EC50 for tonic contractions was greater for hypertrophied than for normal muscle (21.1 +/- 3.9 mumol/L vs. 4.8 +/- 2.2 mumol/L; P less than 0.05). The resting membrane potential difference of hypertrophied muscle (-50.8 +/- 0.2 mV) was similar to that of normal muscle (-50.0 +/- 0.2 mV). Electrical stimulation of intrinsic nerves in the normal muscle produced a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization of smooth muscle membrane potential. Hypertrophied muscle responded either with an attenuated hyperpolarization or no hyperpolarization, both of which were followed by a depolarization. The space constant in the long axes of the hypertrophied circular muscle cells was greater than normal (4.4 +/- 0.2 mm vs. 3.4 +/- 0.1 mm; P less than 0.001). The threshold potential for initiation of action potentials was more negative for hypertrophied (-43.2 +/- 0.4 mV) than for normal circular muscle (-41.6 +/- 0.2 mV; P less than 0.005). These data indicate that alterations in neuromuscular function accompany the hypertrophy of esophageal smooth muscle.
Respiratory management of extremely low birth weight infants: survey of neonatal specialists.

Background To investigate strategies used for the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
Un caso teratológico en un curculiónido (Coleóptera: Curculiooidea) de la Región de Magallanes (Chile)

Resumen Se describe un caso teratologico de Aegorhinus vitulus (Fabricius, 1755) recolectado, al estado adulto, en la Region de Magallanes. La anomalia corresponde a una hemiteria, y dentro de estas, especificamente a una displasia elitral bilateral. Se estima que la causa de esta malformacion podria tener un origen exogeno, producido por alguna presion externa durante la fase de pupa del insecto. El presente caso es el tercero descrito para una especie de Curculionidae en Chile y el segundo para A. vitulus. Abstract A teratological case is described for the weevil Aegorhinus vitulus (Fabricius, 1755). The adult specimen was collected in Magallanes Region. This abnormality belongs to the group of the hemiteries. Within this teratosis it specifically is a bilateral elytral dysplasia. It is estimated that the malformation may has an exogenous origin. This produced because of an external influence during pupal stage. This case is the third recorded for a curculionid beetle in Chile, but also the second for A. vitulus.
Asymptotically optimal randomized tree embedding in static networks

The problem of dynamic tree embedding in static networks is studied. The authors provide a unified framework for studying the performance of randomized tree embedding algorithms which allow a newly created tree node to take a random walk of a short distance to reach a processor nearby. In particular, they propose simple randomized algorithms on several most common and important static networks, including d-dimensional meshes, d-dimensional tori, and hypercubes. It is shown that these algorithms, which have a small constant dilation, are asymptotically optimal. The analysis technique is based on random walks on static networks. Hence, analytical expressions for expected load on all the processors are available.
Roles of the nucleoporin Tpr in cancer and aging.

Tpr is a prominent architectural component of the nuclear pore complex that forms the basket-like structure on the nucleoplasmic side of the pore. Tpr, which stands for translocated promoter region, was originally described in the context of oncogenic fusions with the receptor tyrosine kinases Met, TRK, and Raf. Tpr has been since implicated in a variety of nuclear functions, including nuclear transport, chromatin organization, regulation of transcription, and mitosis. More recently, Tpr function has been linked to events including p53 signaling and premature aging in Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Here we provide an overview of the various processes that involve Tpr, and discuss how the levels and localization of a single protein can affect diverse pathways in the cell.
Substituent effects in the oxidation of 2-alkyl-1,4-dialkoxybenzenes with ceric ammonium nitrate

Abstract Increased steric size of alkyl groups and the presence of coordinating atoms on alkoxy groups have both been found to contribute to decreasing yields of diquinones upon reaction of 2-alkyl-1,4-dialkoxybenzenes with CAN. The overall hydrophilicity of the substrates does not appear to be a significant factor in determining the diquinone yield for these reactions.
Do perceptions of their partners’ childbearing desires affect young women’s pregnancy risk? Further study of ambivalence

We explore whether young women’s perceptions of their sexual partners’ childbearing desires contribute to their risk of pregnancy. We used weekly journal data collected from 787 young women to measure their childbearing desires and their perceptions of their partners’ childbearing desires. We then conducted hazard modelling to predict pregnancy risk with variables based on interactions between the women’s desires and their perceived partners’ desires. Models that include perceived partners’ desires perform better than one based on women’s desires alone. The best model contains three significant predictors: one confirms the importance of pronatal, ambivalent, and indifferent desires for pregnancy risk; one indicates that the perceived partners’ antinatal desires reduce women’s pregnancy risk; and one suggests that women who both perceive their partners accurately and are in agreement with them have a lower pregnancy risk. The results indicate that perceived partner data can improve prediction and enhance o...
Intracranial Vasospasm Following Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery Demonsrated on Conventional Angiography (P03.137)

OBJECTIVE: We report a first case of intracranial vasospasm on conventional angiography after temporal lobe resection. BACKGROUND: Intractable epilepsy can be effectively treated by surgical resection with highest success rates in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Intracranial vasospasm, measured indirectly by transcranial doppler (TCD) has been shown to be a complication of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery with female gender and high amount of postoperative blood on CT as significant risk factors. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report: A 38 year-old woman with long standing history of pharmacoresistant left temporal lobe epilepsy with concordant electroencephalographic and neuroimaging findings underwent left antero-medial temporal lobe resection. Post-operative course was uneventful. On post-operative day 14, she developed acute new-onset right facial droop and global aphasia. Neuroimaging revealed left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct. RESULTS: Conventional angiography was preformed and showed multifocal severe and critical vasospasm in proximal and distal left M1, M2 and M3 segments, proximal inferior division of left MCA. In addition, moderate to severe focal stenosis was present in distal supraclinoid left internal carotid artery and P2 and P3 segments of posterior cerebral artery. Patient received intra-operative angioplasty and milrinone and was placed on milrinone drip for 72 hours. Systolic blood pressure was maintained between 140-160 mmHg with intravenous fluids and pressors. Subsequent follow up in 2-3 days with repeat CT Angiogram showed improvement in the vasospasm, TCDs also normalized with some clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial vasospasm is well demonstrated by TCDs postoperatively in asymptomatic patients as well as patients with transient and persistant neurological symptoms undergoing temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. In our case we directly demonstrate via conventional angiography that intracranial vasospasm occur post-temporal lobectomy and can lead to focal cerebral ischemia. Combination of angioplasty and intense medical therapy can be an effective treatment strategy in symptomatic vasospasm. Disclosure: Dr. Nanjireddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Narayanan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mittal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Loeb has nothing to disclose. Dr. Basha has nothing to disclose.
Professional satisfaction experienced when caring for substance-abusing patients

This survey aimed to describe and compare resident and faculty physician satisfaction, attitudes, and practices regarding patients with addictions. Of 144 primary care physicians, 40% used formal screening tools; 24% asked patients’ family history. Physicians were less likely (P<.05) to experience at least a moderate amount of professional satisfaction caring for patients with alcohol (32% of residents, 49% of faculty) or drug (residents 30%, faculty 31%) problems than when managing hypertension (residents 76%, faculty 79%). Interpersonal experience with addictions was common (85% of faculty, 72% of residents) but not associated with attitudes, practices, or satisfaction. Positive attitudes toward addiction treatment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.60; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.59 to 13.29), confidence in assessment and intervention (AOR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.69), and perceived responsibility for addressing substance problems (AOR, 5.59; CI, 2.07 to 15.12) were associated with greater satisfaction. Professional satisfaction caring for patients with substance problems is lower than that for other illnesses. Addressing physician satisfaction may improve care for patients with addictions.
Tumor genomics and response to CDK 4/6 inhibitors for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

1046Background: The combination of endocrine therapy with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, such as palbociclib, has changed the treatment paradigm of HR+ MBC, particularly as 1stline ...
Speed of human tooth movement in growers and non‐growers: Selection of applied stress matters

Objectives To test that the speed of tooth translation is not affected by stress magnitude and growth status. Setting and sample population Advanced Education Orthodontic clinics at the Universities of Nebraska Medical Center and Missouri-Kansas City. Forty-six consenting subjects with orthodontic treatment plans involving maxillary first premolar extractions. Materials and methods This randomized split-mouth study used segmental mechanics with definitive posterior anchorage and individual vertical-loop maxillary canine retraction appliances and measured three-dimensional tooth movements. Height and cephalometric superimposition changes determined growing (G) and non-growing (NG) subjects. Subjects were appointed for 9-11 visits over 84 days for maxillary dental impressions to measure three-dimensional tooth movement and to ensure retraction forces were continuously applied via calibrated nitinol coil springs. Springs were custom selected to apply two different stresses of 4, 13, 26, 52 or 78 kPa to maxillary canines in each subject. Statistical analyses (α=0.050) included ANOVA, effect size (partial η2 ) and Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) and two-group t tests. Results Distolateral translation speeds were 0.034±0.015, 0.047±0.019, 0.066±0.025, 0.068±0.016 and 0.079±0.030 mm/d for 4, 13, 26, 52 and 78 kPa, respectively. Stress significantly affected speed and partial η2 =0.376. Overall, more distopalatal rotation was shown by teeth moved by 78 kPa (18.03±9.50o) compared to other stresses (3.86±6.83o), and speeds were significantly higher (P=.001) in G (0.062±0.026 mm/d) than NG subjects (0.041±0.019 mm/d). Conclusions Stress magnitude and growth status significantly affected the speed of tooth translation. Optimal applied stresses were 26-52 kPa, and overall speeds were 1.5-fold faster in G compared to NG subjects.
Nanomedicine in drug delivery

Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems Emilio Castro and Arun Kumar Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoencapsulated Drugs Arun Kumar, Ashley E. Saienni, and Niketa Dixit Nanoparticle Lung Delivery and Inhalation Aerosols for Targeted Pulmonary Nanomedicine Heidi M. Mansour, Chun-Woong Park, and Don Hayes, Jr. Biological Systems for the Delivery of Nanoparticles Niketa Dixit, Mark Glaum, Arun Kumar, and Don F. Cameron Nanodermatology: The Giant Role of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Disease Adam Friedman Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery of Small Molecules Ana Sofia Macedo and Eliana B. Souto Nanoparticle Therapies for Wounds and Ulcer Healing Chiara Gardin, Letizia Ferroni, Luca Lancerotto, Vincenzo Vindigni, Chiara Rigo, Marco Roman, Warren R. L. Cairns, and Barbara Zavan Nanoparticles in Bioimaging Javier L. Pou Ucha Nanoparticles in Anticancer Drug Delivery Frederic Lagarce Formulations of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Sushama Talegaonkar, Mohammad Tariq, and Zeenat Iqbal Nanoparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery Jaleh Barar and Yadollah Omidi Toxicology of Nanoparticles Siva K. Nalabotu and Eric R. Blough Animal and Cellular Models for Use in Nanoparticles Safety Study Kevin M. Rice and Eric R. Blough Index
Direct and indirect effects of child abuse and environmental stress: A lifecourse perspective on adversity and depressive symptoms.

There is a great deal of evidence about the mental health implications of physical child abuse and environmental stressors, or hardships that people experience at the household and neighborhood level (e.g., neighborhood violence; economic hardship, substance abuse, or conflict among family members). Yet, studies often focus on either abuse or environmental stress, not both, or examine abuse and environmental stressors as a combined set of experiences. Less is known, therefore, about how child abuse and environmental stress might work as either distinct or interrelated risks to diminish mental health over time. In this longitudinal study, we used path analyses to examine the cumulative effects of physical child abuse and environmental stressors on adult depressive symptoms among a sample of children followed into adulthood (N = 356). The goal was to assess whether chronic physical child abuse remains an independent predictor of adult outcomes once we accounted for the cumulative effects of household and neighborhood stressors across the lifecourse. Cumulative measures of physical child abuse and environmental stress each independently predicted a higher likelihood of adult depressive symptoms (s = .122, p < .01 and s = .283, p < .001, respectively). After accounting for adolescent depressive symptoms, only cumulative environmental stressors independently predicted depressive symptoms (s = .202, p < .001). Tests of the indirect effect of cumulative environmental stress on the relationship between cumulative physical abuse and adult depressive symptoms were marginally statistically significant. Results add to literature that examines child abuse, adversity, and lifecourse perspectives on health. (PsycINFO Database Record
Issues in Pediatric Craniofacial Trauma.

Pediatric maxillofacial fractures are rare owing to anatomic differences between juvenile and adult skulls. Children's bone is less calcified, allowing for "greenstick fractures." The overall ratio of cranial to facial volume decreases with age. In children, tooth buds comprise the majority of mandibular volume. The most common pediatric craniomaxillofacial fractures for children ages 0 to 18 years old are mandible, nasal bone, and maxilla and zygoma. Growth potential must be considered when addressing pediatric trauma and often a less-is-more approach is best when considering open versus closed treatment. Regardless of treatment, pediatric trauma cases must be followed through skeletal maturity.
Clinical outcome of 23g Trans-Conjunctival pars plana vitrectomy - a prospective comparison of Phaco-Vitrectomy with only vitrectomy in phakic eyes.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of combined phacoemulsification with 23G pars plana vitrectomy when compared to pars plana vitrectomy alone in phakic patients. Methods This study was performed at Al-Ehsan Eye Hospital (tertiary care eye hospital in Lahore, Pakistan) from January 2016 to August 2016. A total of 40 eyes in two equal groups of 20 eyes each, were enrolled in this prospective study. Group-A underwent combined phaco-vitrectomy, whereas Group-B underwent vitrectomy only for various vitreoretinal pathologies. We evaluated the safety of combined surgery, intra-operative and postoperative complications and short term surgical outcome. Results The most common reason for vitreoretinal intervention was rhegmatogenous retinal detachment followed by vitreous haemorrhage in combined study population. There was statistically significant difference in best corrected visual acuity pre-operatively and post operatively within the groups and between the groups. The most significant immediate post operative observation in Group-A was enhanced anterior chamber inflammation as compared to Group-B, whereas most signification observation in Group-B was development of visually significant cataract (35%) at 6 months follow-up. There was no other significant sequel or complication difference between both groups. Conclusions Combined phaco-vitrectomy is a safe and effective procedure with minimum complication profile and it avoids the need of subsequent cataract surgery.
Extracellular Cl- regulates electrical slow waves and setting of smooth muscle membrane potential by interstitial cells of Cajal in mouse jejunum.

New Findings What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the roles of extracellular chloride in electrical slow waves and resting membrane potential of mouse jejunal smooth muscle by replacing chloride with the impermeant anions gluconate and isethionate. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding was that in smooth muscle cells, the resting Cl− conductance is low, whereas transmembrane Cl− movement in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) is a major contributor to the shape of electrical slow waves. Furthermore, the data confirm that ICCs set the smooth muscle membrane potential and that altering Cl− homeostasis in ICCs can alter the smooth muscle membrane potential. Intracellular Cl− homeostasis is regulated by anion-permeable channels and transporters and contributes to excitability of many cell types, including smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). Our aims were to investigate the effects on electrical activity in mouse jejunal muscle strips of replacing extracellular Cl− (Cl−o) with the impermeant anions gluconate and isethionate. On reducing Cl−o, effects were observed on electrical slow waves, with small effects on smooth muscle membrane voltage (Em). Restoration of Cl− hyperpolarized smooth muscle Em proportional to the change in Cl−o concentration. Replacement of 90% of Cl−o with gluconate reversibly abolished slow waves in five of nine preparations. Slow waves were maintained in isethionate. Gluconate and isethionate substitution had similar concentration-dependent effects on peak amplitude, frequency, width at half peak amplitude, rise time and decay time of residual slow waves. Gluconate reduced free ionized Ca2+ in Krebs solutions to 0.13 mm. In Krebs solutions containing normal Cl− and 0.13 mm free Ca2+, slow wave frequency was lower, width at half peak amplitude was smaller, and decay time was faster. The transient hyperpolarization following restoration of Cl−o was not observed in W/Wv mice, which lack pacemaker ICCs in the small intestine. We conclude that in smooth muscle cells, the resting Cl− conductance is low, whereas transmembrane Cl− movement in ICCs plays a major role in generation or propagation of slow waves. Furthermore, these data support a role for ICCs in setting smooth muscle Em and that altering Cl− homeostasis in ICCs can alter smooth muscle Em.
Adenosine-sensitive Wolff-Parkinson-White: Longer time across the atrioventricular groove.

Background Successful ablation sites in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) are characterized by short atrioventricular (AV) intervals. Approximately 15% of patients with WPW have adenosine-sensitive accessory pathways (APs). We sought to determine if local AV intervals of adenosine-sensitive APs are different from those of adenosine-insensitive APs in patients with WPW. Methods Patients ≤21 years with WPW and adenosine-sensitive APs who underwent successful ablation over a 9-year period were included. Patients with WPW and adenosine-insensitive APs were matched by age and weight in a 1:2 case-control design. AP location, antegrade and retrograde conduction properties, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) inducibility, local AV interval, interval from delta wave onset to local ventricular activation (del-V), and time to loss of preexcitation were reviewed. Results Fourteen patients with adenosine-sensitive APs and 28 with adenosine-insensitive APs were included. Patients with adenosine-sensitive APs had minimum 1:1 antegrade AP conduction at a longer median paced cycle length (380, interquartile range [IQR] 295 to 585 ms vs 290, IQR 250 to 330 ms, P = 0.046), were less likely to have inducible SVT (35.7% vs 75.0%, P = 0.035), and had a longer median local AV interval (40.5, IQR 30.8 to 58.3 ms vs 32.0, IQR 29.3 to 37.8 ms, P = 0.029) when compared to those with adenosine-insensitive APs. Conclusion Patients with WPW and adenosine-sensitive APs have 1:1 antegrade AP conduction at longer cycle lengths, lower likelihood of SVT induction, and longer local AV intervals when compared to those with adenosine-insensitive APs. In patients with WPW, it may be important to consider adenosine response when selecting appropriate ablation targets.
Cocaine chest pain

Cardiovascular problems are among the most frequently seen medical complaints related to cocaine use, with chest pain as the most commonly encountered cardiac emergency. Multiple studies and case reports have documented myocardial infarction in young, otherwise low-risk cocaine users. Treatment should be consistent with that of any patient with myocardial ischemia, with particular attention devoted to decreasing the sympathomimetic effects of the cocaine. A 24-hour observation period identifies close to 100% of patients sustaining an acute myocardial infarction after cocaine use.