cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell Biology of Amyloidogenesis: An overview

Here, we recently summarize recent work from our laboratories on two interrelated aspects of the role of amyloid s-proteins (As) as the initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD): its production and its degradation. Initial cellular production of these normal, soluble peptides can be followed by degradation inside and/or outside cells, and those peptides which escape degradation can accumulate to form oligomers and polymers (aggregates) that have apparent cytotoxicity.
Two processing methods for the isolation of Salmonella from naturally contaminated alfalfa seeds.

Two processing methods were examined for the recovery of Salmonella from naturally contaminated alfalfa seed. Seed samples, from each of three investigations, were processed by sprouting and shredding before preenrichment and culture. In lot A, Salmonella serotype Newport was isolated from 3 of 30 sample units with the sprouting method and 2 of 30 with the shredding method. In lot B, three serotypes in various combinations were isolated from 10 of 30 sample units with the sprouting method and 9 of 30 with the shredding method. In lot C, Salmonella group C 1 was isolated from 27 of 30 sample units with the sprouting method and 24 of 30 with the shredding method. Additionally, serotype Newport was found in one lot C sample unit. Using shredded seed data, a most probable number (MPN) for Salmonella contamination per lot was calculated. Serotype Newport was estimated at 0.07 MPN/100 g in lot A; the concentration for three serotypes was estimated to be 0.36 MPN/100 g in lot B; Salmonella group C 1 was estimated at 1.8 MPN/100 g in lot C. Our success in isolating Salmonella from alfalfa seeds was likely attributed to the volume of material tested and the quick acquisition of the seeds after the outbreak was identified. Shredding the seeds was easier and yielded definitive results more quickly than sprouting. Les graines de luzernes sont mises a germer ou hachees avant l'enrichissement et la mise en culture. Le serotype Newport de Salmonella est isole dans le lot A, trois serotype en B, et salmonella du groupe C 1 dans le lot C. Un nombre le plus probable pour la contamination par Salmonella est calcule pour chaque lot, par 100g de graines. . Le hachage des graines donne des resultats plus rapides que le germage.
Abstract TP223: Role of Plasma Biomarkers in Diagnosis of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes

Objectives: Identifying underlying stroke etiology plays critical role in acute management and secondary prevention strategies. Despite advanced diagnostics, up to 35% of ischemic strokes (IS) rema...
From the Shadows into the Light: Let's Get Real about Outsourcing

Despite the continued popularity of outsourcing amongst managers and management researchers alike, signifi cant questions arguably remain as to the adequacy of the typical framing of the outsourcing decision. An extensive review of the literature revealed a skewed, partial and fragmented conceptualisation of the option, further exacerbated by a concerning tendency effectively to rank quantitative outcomes over qualitative outcomes, even ex post. In this article it is argued that a critical analysis of the theoretical frameworks that underlie this body of work suggests a more realistic conceptualisation of outsourcing, both for management researchers and management decision makers.
L'ADOPTION DU PACS: “EXCEPTION FRANÇAISE,” “COMMUNAUTARISME,” ET SYMBOLIQUE IDENTITAIRE

L'adoption du PACS en France garantit aux couples homosexuels un certain nombre de droits et d'obligations, tout en maintenant des restrictions a l'egard de la filiation et de la gestion du patrimoine. Cet article analyse cette exception francaise en se pencahnt notamment sur la lecture qu'en fait Sylviane Agacinsky en termes de differences des sexes et de desymbolisation
Influence of Endogenic HSP90 on AKT Expression in Hypoxia/reoxygenation Cadiocyte

To investigate the influence of the variation of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)in hypoxia/ reoxygenation cadiocyte of neonatal rat on AKT expression and meanwhile to explore the function of HSP90 in the AKT signaling pathway.Methods:The hypoxia/reoxygenation cadiocyte model of neonatal rat should be established at first.Then with blocking agent Geldanamycin(GA),it went through the follows:detecting the vital impulse through MTT,observing the ultrastructural variation of cadiocyte through transmission electron microscope,analyzing the correlation between the variation of HSP90 expression and AKT in cadiocyte with Western blot.Results:The effect on vital impulse in GA-added hypoxia/reoxygenation group occurred first,and it occurred 6h after hypoxia,and reached its peak 12h-24h after hypoxia.Compared with hypoxia group, the vital impulse in GA-added hypoxia group decreased a lot.The expression of HSP90 and AKT in cadiocyte dropped obviously after the blockade of HSP90.Compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation group,AKT in GA-added hypoxia group began to drop 6h after reoxygenation,and it reached its peak 24h after reoxygenation.Vital impulse of cadiocyte also dropped obviously and cadiocyte ultrastructure was markedly damaged.Conclusion:AKT had an endogenous protection on damaged hypoxia/ reoxygenation cadiocyte.This protection had a close correlation with the combination of HSP90 and AKT.HSP90 had a notable effect on the expression of AKT in hypoxia/reoxygenation cadiocyte.
Invasive Bighead and Silver Carps Form Different Sized Shoals that Readily Intermix.

Two species of congeneric filter-feeding microphagous carps from Asia, the bighead and the silver carp, were recently introduced to North America and have become highly invasive. These species of carp have similar food habits but the silver carp has the unique habit of jumping when disturbed. Both species have complex but poorly understood social behaviors and while both are thought to aggregate (form groups) and shoal (form tight social groups), this possibility has not yet been examined in these species. The present study examined the grouping tendencies of these species in the laboratory and the effects of fish density and species identity on it. Using nearest neighbor distance (NND) as a metric, we showed that both juvenile bighead and juvenile silver carp grouped (aggregate) strongly (P 0.05) on this behavior. Within aggregations, bighead carp tended to form a single large shoal while silver carp formed shoals of 2–3 individuals. Further, when tested as mixed-species groups, bighead and silver carp readily shoaled with each other but not with the common carp, which is from Eurasia and a member of another feeding guild. Due to their similar feeding strategies, we speculate that the bighead and silver carp tend to aggregate and shoal to facilitate both their foraging efforts and to avoid predation, while the differences in the size of the shoals they form may seemingly reflect their different anti-predation strategies. These complex shoaling behaviors likely influence Asian carp distribution in rivers, and thus how they might be sampled and managed.
Mechanism(S) of Coxsackievirus-Induced Acute Myocarditis in the Mouse

Acute myocarditis can be induced in several murine strains following inoculation of infant or adolescent mice with a coxsackievirus group B (CVB) (Gauntt, 1987; Herskowitz et al. 1986; Lerner and Reyes, 1985; McManus et al. 1987; Woooruff, 1980). Murine-CVB models have provided significant insight into several mechanisms responsible for this disease process and are particularly attractive because of the pathologic similarities between the induced cardiac lesions and those found in heart tissue from cases of human myocarditis (Lerner and Reyes, 1985; McManus et al. 1987). The CVB have been isolated rarely from heart tissues of these patients. Considerable serologic evidence suggests that serotypes Bl-B5 are the major etiologic agents responsible for about half of the clinical cases of myocarditis (Gear and Measroch, 1973; Grist and Bell, 1974; Grist et al. 1978; Lansdown, 1978; Smith, 1970) and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the serotype most frequently associated with myocardial disease (Lerner and Wilson, 1973).
How Do You Talk to a Politician About the edTPA? Advocacy Through Inquiry and Social Justice Around High-Stakes Assessment

Set in the unique context of a high-stakes, no safety-net culture, the edTPA was enacted in Washington State in 2009. This chapter explores advocacy for just assessment practices by following a line of inquiry about the edTPAs use in Teacher Preparation Programs, and its impact in the field with key stakeholders. The results of initial findings were then shared with local educational leaders and legislators, via panel discussion. Initial inquiry results prompted two professors and their respective institutions to a call to action, which culminated in the development of a legislative panel discussion. The panel’s development is described from the selection of panelists, the presentations, results, and takeaways for future action.
Effect of water chemistry on the aggregation and photoluminescence behavior of carbon dots.

Abstract Carbon dots are rapidly emerging carbon-based nanomaterials that, due to their growing applications, will inevitable find their way to natural waters; however, their environmental fate is mostly unknown. Carbon dots with different surface functionality were fabricated and characterized by TEM and FT-IR. Their surface charge, given by the zeta potential, and their hydrodynamic diameter in suspension were investigated under a variety of environmentally relevant conditions. The effect of ionic strength was studied in the presence of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl 2 ) cations, for pH levels from 3 to 11; humic acid was used as a model for dissolved natural organic matter. Total potential energies of interactions were modeled by classical DLVO theory. The experimental results showed that water chemistry altered the surface charge of the nanomaterials, but their hydrodynamic size could not be correlated to those changes. Evidence of specific interactions was found for the amino functionalized particles in most cases, as well as the plain carbon dots in the presence of Ca 2 + and humic acid. Nanoparticles remained largely stable in suspension, with some exception at the highest ionic strength considered. DLVO theory did not adequately capture the aggregation behavior of the system. Moreover, cation and/or humic acid adsorption negatively affected the emission intensity of the particles, suggesting limitations to their use in natural water sensing applications. The particular stability shown by the carbon dots results in exposure to organisms in the water column and the possibility of contamination transported to significant distances from their source.
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentration identifies V122I transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR cam) is likely an under-recognized cause of heart failure (HF) in the elderly [1], owing to misattribution of clinical features to other common co-morbidi...
Rectifying Inspection for Nonconforming Items and the Hald Linear Cost Model

The Hald linear cost model is discussed with and without a beta prior for the distribution of the fraction of nonconforming items in a lot. For both situations, average outgoing quality limit plans, limiting quality level (lot tolerance percent defectiv..
The Thirteenth Number: Then, There/ Here and Now // Število trinajst: takrat, tam/ tukaj in zdaj

The number thirteen has several strong connotations in a number of diverse cultures. What is surprising, and puzzling, are the similarities of associations (the moon, women’s magic, omens, etc). This paper attempts a cross-cultural view of the number thirteen, and arrives at a hypothetical explanation to account for the widespread occurences of the phenomena. Several cultures have been investigated, but the ones in which thirteen is an “ominous” number are revealed to use, or have used, lunar-solar calendars. My hypothesis is that the number thirteen’s connotations derive ulitmately from a natural, and naturally observable regularity-- the 12.41 lunations per solar year. Hence, cultures with a lunar-solar calendar are forced to reckon with an odd thirteenth month every year, and this month is, in this hypothesis, what has given the number thirteen its unique and widespread cultural properties.
High-Quality Complete Genome Sequences of Three Bovine Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O177:H- (fliCH25) Isolates Harboring Virulent stx2 and Multiple Plasmids.

ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) bacteria are zoonotic pathogens. We report here the high-quality complete genome sequences of three STEC O177:H- (fliCH25) strains, SMN152SH1, SMN013SH2, and SMN197SH3. The assembled genomes consisted of one optical map-verified circular chromosome for each strain, plus two plasmids for SMN013SH2 and three plasmids for SMN152SH1 and SMN197SH3, respectively.
Correction to: The Nonlinear Heat Equation on W-Random Graphs

We correct and improve the main result in Medvedev, “The nonlinear heat equation on W-random graphs”, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 212(3), pp. 781–803.
Effect of material optical properties on thermo-plasmonics of heat-assisted magnetic recording devices

Plasmonics enables unparalleled focus of optical energy well beyond the diffraction limit of light. The coupling of light with the electrons of a metal produces a surface wave known as surface plasmon. Surface plasmons exhibit unique characteristics, including strongly enhanced local fields, high sensitivity to changes in the local environment, and energy localization to extremely small volumes not restricted by the wavelength of exciting light. However, a significant fraction of optical energy of surface plasmons is dissipated as heat. A novel application of loss-enabled plasmonics is heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), in which a plasmonic near-field transducer (NFT) is used to heat a sub-diffraction-limit region of the magnetic medium of the hard disk to lower its coercivity and enable the write pole of the magnetic head to write data in closely packed magnetic bits. The NFT must deliver a sufficient fraction of the incident laser power to the magnetic medium to increase the temperature of the heated magnetic bit above its Curie temperature, without causing excessive self-heating that could limit the lifetime of the plasmonic transducer. This investigation was focused on the development of an electromagnetic-thermal model of a typical HAMR head stack that can yield simulation results illustrating the effect of material optical properties of various stack layers on thermo-plasmonic performance. The hybrid analytical/numerical approach derived in this study provides an effective means of tuning the optical properties of stacking layers in HAMR devices to optimize the thermal performance and forms a general computational framework for selecting optimum optical properties for other plasmonic devices.
Dual-attached SMT Capacitor Configurations for Small Form Factor and Single-ended Devices

Decoupling capacitors are required for power integrity performance. The use of package landside capacitors (LSCs) and/or board backside decoupling imposes significant design constraints on achievable system height. Low realizable capacitance due to limited component area and the need for additional package edge pins are also common design challenges on single-sided devices. On the other hand, due to surface-mount technology yield concern mobile platforms are usually voided on board surface copper layer to safeguard designs from interaction with LSCs causing waste of board resource. This paper presents a new decoupling capacitor technology which enhances capacitor effectiveness enabling single-sided board designs at competitive form factor and reduced system cost. Up to 70% capacitor cost saving and $\sim$16 mm$^{2}$ area shrink are shown feasible in addition to jitter reduction and battery life improvements.
Climate change belief, sustainability education, and political values: Assessing the need for higher-education curriculum reform

Abstract Educational attainment is generally a strong predictor of belief in climate change, but prior research indicates that for political conservatives a college education is not always associated with increased belief. Conservatives in several countries, especially those in populist parties, have shown skepticism toward climate-mitigation policies and in some cases toward climate science. The study contributes to theories of environmental belief by examining two mechanisms for the low effect of the college education on climate belief for conservatives: selective exposure bias (students avoid courses that challenge their beliefs) and resistance to belief change (students reject or filter information that is incompatible with their political orientation). Using a survey of college-educated adults in the U.S., the study finds strong evidence for selective exposure bias and mixed evidence for resistance to belief change. Importantly, approximately one-third of conservative students who took a college course with climate-change content shifted from initial skepticism or uncertainty to a more confident belief. Moreover, exposure to an education with a core curriculum is associated with stronger belief. The study provides support for the policy goal of a curricular requirement for climate education, which can overcome selective exposure bias and, for some students, resistance to belief change.
A Proposed Approach to a 2019 UTM Concept of Operations

We present an approach to an Unmanned Aircraft Traffic Management (UTM) Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for the New York Unmanned Aircraft System Test Site (NYUASTS). With a mandate for UTM development in the 2018 FAA Reauthorization Act (Public Law 115-254, enacted October 5, 2018) [1], UTM is on a path to operationalization. New York State committed in 2016 to create a UTM corridor in airspace above upstate New York. New York has charged the NUAIR Alliance, as part of NYUASTS, with building a UTM test corridor between Syracuse and Rome, New York. NUAIR is developing the CONOPS and program plan for the corridor. The New York UTM CONOPS will support operational and technical requirements, together with safety cases, to enable regional commercial UTM operations, building on UTM as a means for cooperative traffic management for UAS and other participating aircraft. For UAS to have access to airspace, cooperative air traffic management. The New York CONOPS will cover key conceptual and operational elements to begin UTM corridor operations testing in 2019, assuming UTM capabilities and services adhere to the UTM construct, principles, and conceptual elements described in the May 2018 FAA UTM CONOPS and the FAA-NASA UTM research transition plan. However, these artifacts apply mostly to UTM operations in uncontrolled airspace below 400 feet above ground level (AGL) and do not envision UTM evolution into eventual highly-automated urban air mobility (UAM) applications. The 2018 FAA Reauthorization Act made changes to the legal framework for UAS, including provisions for expanded UAS and UTM testing at FAA-designated UAS Test Sites. The legislation included congressional mandates affecting UAS regulation, and also introduce a new chapter in the United States Code for unmanned aircraft systems (Title 49 USC Chapter 448). This paper discusses CONOPS in an overall context of FAA UAS policy and regulation, prior experience with CONOPS, and maturation of operational capability.
A perfect storm: fetal inflammation and the developing immune system

Histologic chorioamnionitis is an inflammatory disorder of the placenta that commonly precedes preterm delivery. Preterm birth related to chorioamnionitis and fetal inflammation has been associated with a risk for serious inflammatory complications in infancy. In addition, preterm infants exposed to chorioamnionitis may be more susceptible to infection in the neonatal intensive care unit and possibly later in life. A significant body of work has established an association between chorioamnionitis and inflammatory processes. However, the potential consequences of this inflammation on postnatal immunity are less understood. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge regarding the effects of fetal exposure to inflammation on postnatal immune responses.
Co-limitation by N and P Characterizes Phytoplankton Communities Across Nutrient Availability and Land Use

Historically, freshwater lakes have been widely assumed to be singly limited by phosphorus (P) because the dominant paradigm assumes that nitrogen fixation (N2 fixation) will compensate for any nitrogen (N) deficits. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that primary producer response to nutrient manipulation most frequently indicates co-limitation by N and P. Differences in N and P supply ratio have been shown to influence the identity and severity of nutrient limitation, but whether N and P concentration and the ratio of N to P concentrations can explain the frequency of co-limitation in aquatic primary producer assemblages remains unclear, especially in ecosystems subject to human perturbation that strongly increase nutrient availability. We determined how resource availability influences nutrient limitation by N and P of phytoplankton primary production across 12 lakes in Minnesota that vary in watershed land use and lake nutrient levels. We measured epilimnetic lake metabolism and indicators of N2 fixation to evaluate their influence on nutrient limitation status of planktonic algal assemblages. Despite large differences in land use (agricultural, urban, and suburban) and water column N and P availability, planktonic algal response to nutrient manipulation was consistently characterized by co-limitation by N and P across years and months. Neither P availability (as concentrations of total and inorganic forms) nor N2-flux rate predicted responses to nutrient additions. N availability significantly influenced responses of phytoplankton to nutrient additions across years, but this effect was small. The ratio of total N to total P significantly influenced the response to single additions of N and P (these effects were negative and positive, respectively) in summer 2013. Importantly, higher lake primary production and heterocyte count (number of nitrogen fixing cells) were also associated with a stronger, positive response to N + P addition. Overall, these data suggest that planktonic algal assemblages are predominantly characterized by co-limitation by N and P despite large and diverse human impacts on nutrient inputs. Additionally, higher rates of primary production increase the likelihood of co-limitation. Together, these results further support the paradigm shift toward dual management of N and P in aquatic ecosystems.
11 – Case Examples: Intermittent Care

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some case examples related to intermittent care. First case is about a woman with a “difficult husband.”– She was experiencing occasional “claustrophobia” since her husband's retirement six months earlier. She felt “closed in" by having to spend more time with her husband, who had been “domineering and difficult” for many years. The therapist validated her concerns, emphasizing that this was going to be a difficult time, given the fact that conditions like claustrophobia tend to flare up when things are stressful. The second case is about a man who was referred to the Psychiatry Department by his internist. His partner of sixteen years had died of AIDS. Since then, he had been in a brief relationship with a new man; that new partner broke it off. He complained of feeling depressed since the break-up and was made a referral for psychotherapy after being prescribed with antidepressant drugs by his internist. Other case studies are about a woman with longstanding “rage” and a couple facing sex drive differences—before and after marriage.
Interactions between ionic liquid and fully zwitterionic copolymers probed using thermal analysis

Abstract Understanding the interactions between ionic liquids and polymers is crucial for the design of higher conductivity solid polymer electrolytes. In this work, thermal analysis is used to study the interactions between a hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimadazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI TFSI), and random zwitterionic copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and sulfobetaine vinylimidazole (SBVI). The zwitterionic copolymers are highly hygroscopic, readily absorbing water from the ambient atmosphere. After absorption, the water displaces EMI TFSI from the zwitterionic groups resulting in crystallization of most of the ionic liquid when cooled to sub ambient temperatures. Upon reheating, absorbed water is removed and the ionic liquid remains in close association with the copolymers. Removal of the water leads to strong interactions between the zwitterions and the ionic liquid, causing plasticization that lowers the glass transition temperature (Tg) and inhibits EMI TFSI crystallization. Analysis of the glass transition reveals that the ionic liquid decreases Tg significantly below the predicted copolymer Tg, and that the copolymer backbone is stabilized by the formation of dipolar crosslinks between zwitterionic side groups of the same species.
Learning Invariances for Interpretability using Supervised VAE.

We propose to learn model invariances as a means of interpreting a model. This is motivated by a reverse engineering principle. If we understand a problem, we may introduce inductive biases in our model in the form of invariances. Conversely, when interpreting a complex supervised model, we can study its invariances to understand how that model solves a problem. To this end we propose a supervised form of variational auto-encoders (VAEs). Crucially, only a subset of the dimensions in the latent space contributes to the supervised task, allowing the remaining dimensions to act as nuisance parameters. By sampling solely the nuisance dimensions, we are able to generate samples that have undergone transformations that leave the classification unchanged, revealing the invariances of the model. Our experimental results show the capability of our proposed model both in terms of classification, and generation of invariantly transformed samples. Finally we show how combining our model with feature attribution methods it is possible to reach a more fine-grained understanding about the decision process of the model.
Intergenerational Communities: A Systematic Literature Review of Intergenerational Interactions and Older Adults’ Health-Related Outcomes

Abstract Rationale Population aging is a major societal challenge that the US and many other countries are facing. The roles of intergenerational interactions are being increasingly recognized as important factors influencing health and well-being of older adults and other generations. Objective This systematic review paper provides a critical assessment of the current state of knowledge about the impacts of intergenerational activities on older adults’ health-related outcomes. Methods Literature searches were conducted in October 2019 within MEDLINE, SocIndex, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL Complete, using a pre-developed list of relevant keywords. Identified papers were reviewed and selected based on the following eligibility criteria: (1) older adults aged 50 or over as the study population, (2) nonfamily member intergenerational interactions as independent variables, (3) older adults’ health-related outcomes as dependent variables, and (4) empirical and quantitative studies performed in the US and written in English. A total of 24 out of 22,674 identified articles met these eligibility criteria. Results All of the 24 studies focused on evaluating intergenerational programs and their intervention effects. No studies addressed community or environmental interventions/effects. Program-based intergenerational interactions showed positive associations with older adults’ physical health, psychosocial health (e.g. reduced depression), cognitive function, social relationships, and well-being/quality of life. Moreover, engagement in intergenerational activities was linked with increased physical and social activities. Conclusions This review showed solid evidence supporting the significance of program-based interventions in promoting intergenerational activities and associated health benefits. Significant knowledge gaps are also found resulting from the lack of studies examining the roles of physical environmental interventions/factors, diverse types of intergenerational interactions, and location-driven activities. Such studies can contribute to a better understanding of the specific attributes, both program-based and place-based supports, of the community environment that can promote intergenerational interactions and healthy aging in place.
Attribution of Cancer Origins to Endogenous, Exogenous, and Actionable Mutational Processes

Abstract Mutational processes in tumors leave tell-tale genomic signatures composed of “passenger” mutations and mutations that have quantifiable effects on the proliferation and survival of cancer cell lineages. We identify the contributions of mutational processes to each oncogenic variant, quantifying responsibility for origination of changes at oncogenic variant sites contributing to tumorigenesis in 23 cancer types. We demonstrate that the variants driving melanomas and lung cancers are predominantly attributable to the actionable, preventable, exogenous mutational processes of ultraviolet light and tobacco exposure, whereas gliomas and prostate adenocarcinomas are largely attributable to endogenous processes associated with aging. Preventable mutations associated with pathogen exposure and APOBEC activity account for a large proportion of the cancer effect within head and neck, bladder, cervical, and breast cancers. These attributions complement epidemiological approaches—revealing the burden of cancer driven by single-nucleotide variants caused by either endogenous or exogenous, non-actionable or actionable processes, and crucially inform cancer prevention.
Towards model order reduction for fluid-thermal analysis

Abstract The authors develop basic components of a parametric model-order reduction (pMOR) procedure targeting high Rayleigh-number buoyancy-driven flows. The pMOR is based on Galerkin formulation of the governing Boussinesq equations using eigenfunction bases derived from proper orthogonal decomposition. The advantages of pMOR over parametric interpolation are demonstrated for quantities of interest (QOIs) with linear and nonlinear dependencies on the solution in low Rayleigh-number cases. Constraint-base and Leray-type regularizations are shown to offer significant advantages over the standard reduced-order Galerkin formulation in a variety of examples including 3D Rayleigh–Benard flow at Rayleigh number 10 7 and turbulent flow in a half-pipe at Reynolds number 5300.
Embedded Perovskite-Mechanoluminescent Sensor for Applications in Composite Materials

There is a growing need to automatically detect and monitor functional changes such as fatigue, wear, damage, or age in the structural components. It is even more attractive if the sensors are embedded in the structure for in-situ structural health monitoring (SHM). In this work, we developed Mechanoluminescence-based sensors for damage sensing and SHM. A flexible, sensitive, and self-powered pressure sensor was developed by integrating a mechanoluminescent device with a light-absorbing layer of the perovskite material. Understanding the behavior of the device as an embedded sensor is necessary for its application in continuous in-situ SHM of multifunctional composite materials. We showed a successful encapsulation process and the embedment of this sensing device into a glass fiber composite. Further investigations were performed to confirm the capability of the embedded sensor to detect the damages in the structures. The embedded sensor could be an effective method for real-time in-situ SHM.
The costs (and benefits) of effortful listening on context processing: A simultaneous electrophysiology, pupillometry, and behavioral study.

There is an apparent disparity between the fields of cognitive audiology and cognitive electrophysiology as to how linguistic context is used when listening to perceptually challenging speech. To gain a clearer picture of how listening effort impacts context use, we conducted a pre-registered study to simultaneously examine electrophysiological, pupillometric, and behavioral responses when listening to sentences varying in contextual constraint and acoustic challenge in the same sample. Participants (N = 44) listened to sentences that were highly constraining and completed with expected or unexpected sentence-final words ("The prisoners were planning their escape/party") or were low-constraint sentences with unexpected sentence-final words ("All day she thought about the party"). Sentences were presented either in quiet or with +3 dB SNR background noise. Pupillometry and EEG were simultaneously recorded and subsequent sentence recognition and word recall were measured. While the N400 expectancy effect was diminished by noise, suggesting impaired real-time context use, we simultaneously observed a beneficial effect of constraint on subsequent recognition memory for degraded speech. Importantly, analyses of trial-to-trial coupling between pupil dilation and N400 amplitude showed that when participants' showed increased listening effort (i.e., greater pupil dilation), there was a subsequent recovery of the N400 effect, but at the same time, higher effort was related to poorer subsequent sentence recognition and word recall. Collectively, these findings suggest divergent effects of acoustic challenge and listening effort on context use: while noise impairs the rapid use of context to facilitate lexical semantic processing in general, this negative effect is attenuated when listeners show increased effort in response to noise. However, this effort-induced reliance on context for online word processing comes at the cost of poorer subsequent memory.
Generalized radiative transfer emulation for imaging spectroscopy reflectance retrievals

Abstract Estimates of surface reflectance from observed radiance are fundamentally tied to the accuracy of the radiative transfer models used to simulate the interaction of light with the atmosphere and surface. These radiative transfer models are parameterized by a wide range of quantities, ranging from observation and solar geometries to assumptions about atmospheric conditions, including vertical distributions aerosols and water vapor as well as the atmospheric composition. However, current retrieval approaches cannot represent this variability; they are limited by computational expense to a coarsely-spaced look up table (LUT) of just a few parameters. Here, we propose a new method called sRTMnet that facilitates the efficient creation of dense LUT grids that fully capture radiative transfer's inherent nonlinearity. sRTMnet uses a combination of fast, reduced-order radiative transfer modeling coupled with neural-network-based emulation to realize a computational speedup of over 3000× while maintaining the accuracy of a high-fidelity RTM. We demonstrate the accuracy of sRTMnet in multiple ways. We show that neural-network-based emulation delivers accurate atmospheric properties using robust testing sets. We then use acquisitions from the airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer - next generation (AVIRIS-NG) to show near identical surface reflectance estimates with sRTMnet and a high-fidelity radiative transfer model (MODTRAN). Finally, we show how distributions of mapped minerals remain consistent when using the sRTMnet-based reflectance. Given these results, sRTMnet will be utilized for the upcoming Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT, an imaging spectrometer destined for the international space station in 2022). In addition to speed and accuracy, the fully open-source nature of sRTMnet (including simulation and emulation), provides a pathway for high-resolution imaging spectroscopy reflectance retrievals at the global scale.
SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise

SARS-CoV-2 and HIV are zoonotic viruses that rapidly reached pandemic scale, causing global losses and fear. The COVID-19 and AIDS pandemics ignited massive efforts worldwide to develop antiviral strategies and characterize viral architectures, biological and immunological properties, and clinical outcomes. Although both viruses have a comparable appearance as enveloped viruses with positive-stranded RNA and envelope spikes mediating cellular entry, the entry process, downstream biological and immunological pathways, clinical outcomes, and disease courses are strikingly different. This review provides a systemic comparison of both viruses’ structural and functional characteristics, delineating their distinct strategies for efficient spread.
The Impact of Brief Interventions on Functioning Among those Demonstrating Anxiety, Depressive, and Adjustment Disorder Symptoms in Primary Care: The Effectiveness of the Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) Model.

Limited scalability combined with limited opportunities for patients to receive evidence-based interventions in traditional behavioral health treatment models for anxiety and depression creates a gap in access to adequate care. Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) is one model of treatment in which behavioral health consultants (BHC) work directly within primary care settings, but there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of this model of care. The functional outcomes and appointment characteristics of Beneficiaries (N = 5402) within the military healthcare system were assessed. The study sample was predominately Caucasian, female, military dependents seen for 2 to 4 appointments. A reliable change index revealed that 17.2% showed reliable improvement and 2.4% showed reliable deterioration (p < .05). Of individuals with a severe Behavioral Health Measure-20 score at baseline, 81.5% showed some improvement at their final appointment, with 33% demonstrating reliable improvement. A mixed model analysis was used to determine the predictive value of appointment characteristics. All relations were significant (p < .001), except the between-subjects effect of appointment duration. Appointment duration revealed individuals reported worse functioning at the start of atypically long appointments. Individuals with generally longer intervals between appointments reported worse functioning, but an atypically long interval predicted better functioning at the following appointment. As it relates to number of appointments, individuals with more total appointments reported worse functioning outcomes, with generally better functioning across appointments. Overall, these data support the effectiveness of time-limited care provided through the PCBH model.
The Dirac Hypothesis

All of us imagine that simple explanations of important and interesting problems in physics really exist: they do not have to be constructed, they have to be found. Past experience bears out this belief to which we are dedicated.
Abstract 19515: Statin Use is Associated with Reduced All-Cause Mortality Following Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Implantation

Objective: This study examined the impact of statin use on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) implantation. Background: The medical management of patients undergoing BHV implantation is primarily directed at the management of co-morbid conditions. The anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of statin use may contribute to improved clinical outcomes following BHV implantation. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients (n=1957) undergoing aortic (n=1609) and mitral (n=436) BHV replacement with available data on statin use from 2004 to 2013 was performed. All-cause mortality was assessed using the Social Security Death Index. Association of baseline characteristics and statin use during follow-up with the incidence of events was assessed using a time-dependent covariate Cox regression model. Results: Follow-up was complete in 100% of patients. Total follow-up time was 3.9 ± 2.4 years during which death occurred in 10% of patients. Pre-discharge statin use was ...
QUALITY OF LIFE IN BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS : IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING SUPPORT SERVICES

Purpose/objectives Quality of life (QOL) is becoming more important in regard to breast cancer as treatment advances extend the period of survivorship. The purpose of this article is to share the results of a cancer center's attempt to evaluate the QOL needs of breast cancer survivors in order to provide improved supportive-care services. Design Descriptive mailed survey. Setting A medical center in southern California. Sample A random sample of breast cancer survivors (N = 298). Methods Breast cancer survivors completed a mailed survey that included major outcome variables of QOL and pain. Subjects were stratified by three age groups: younger than 40 years, 40-60 years, and older than 60 years. Main research variables QOL subscales (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being) and overall QOL score and pain as assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory. Findings Results indicated continued physical demands of breast cancer, including fatigue and pain, as well as psychological burdens related to fear of breast cancer recurrence and anxiety. The social well-being domain indicated some unique aspects of QOL when applied to breast cancer survivorship such as the fear of breast cancer in female relatives. The spiritual well-being domain illustrated the unique QOL aspects of life-threatening illness such as living with uncertainty and maintaining hope. Breast cancer survivors also reported positive aspects and life changes after successfully facing breast cancer. Conclusions Breast cancer survivors experience many demands of illness across the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains. Implications for nursing practice The study's findings can be useful in directing cancer centers' efforts to provide comprehensive care for breast cancer survivors. Nurses play a critical role in leading these efforts for supportive-care services intended to improve the QOL of breast cancer survivors.
How the HBT-Puzzle at RHIC might dissipate

I compute the first-order corrections to two-particle Bose-Einstein correlations due to deviations from equilibrium. Based on that result I argue that for nearly perfect fluids, the HBT radii ``freeze out'' much later than the single-inclusive distribution. Therefore, to prevent a big longitudinal homogeneity length, the QGP presumably should hadronize not into a nearly perfect fluid of hadrons but rather into a very dissipative one. This could be achieved by a hadronization phase transition away from equilibrium.
STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION OF VITAMIN B12: INTRINSIC FACTOR AND RECEPTORS. 3. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN B12 COMBINING SUBSTANCES FROM THE STOMACH, SERUM, AND ASCITES FLUID OF THE MOUSE.

Abstract The chemical and biological properties of vitamin B12 combining substances in mouse stomach extracts (MIF), mouse serum (MS), and mouse ascites fluid (AS) were compared. MIF was found to enhance the absorption of vitamin B12 by rings of mouse and guinea pig ileum and to inhibit its absorption by sarcoma-180 (S-180) cells in vitro. MS and AS, on the other hand, enhanced the absorption of vitamin B12 by S-180 cells but inhibited its absorption by rings of mouse and guinea pig ileum. It was shown that MIF is capable of forming a stable complex with vitamin B12 at pH values from 1.0 to 11.0, while MS and AS are not capable of forming such stable complexes at pH values below 5.0. The complex formed between vitamin B12 and MIF (MIF-vitamin B12) is not adsorbed by zirconyl phosphate gel (Z-gel) at pH values higher than 5.0; however, the complexes formed between vitamin B12 and MS (MS-vitamin B12) or AS (AS-vitamin B12) are adsorbed by Z-gel at pH values as high as 7.0. By chromatography on CM-cellulose, it was possible to separate MIF-vitamin B12 from MS-vitamin B12 and AS-vitamin B12. The latter two complexes behaved identically when chromatographed on CM-cellulose.
A Critique of the Literature on Ebonics

In recent years much attention has been focused upon the language behavior of Black Americans. This activity was generated mainly from a series of legislative acts beginning in 1954. Subsequent to the legislated desegregation of the public schools, it was reported that Black children were less able to perform academically than their white peers. This lesser performance was attributed in large part to the Afro-American children's possessing linguistic deficits or different linguistic schemata. If this alleged difficulty was one of deficiency, then mediation would, of course, be in order. Such thinking was seen in vast government programs-sponsored by a number of agencies such as the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) and the Office of Child Development (OCD). If the alleged difficulty was one of language differences then the efforts should be made, if followed, to examine this assumed different language and present the findings so that the institutions, particularly educational institutions, could communicate more effectively with those with the alleged difficulty or difference. In the 1960s, then, many articles and books were printed which addressed the language "difficulty" of Black people.
The Process of Interactional Sensitivity Coding in Health Care: Conceptually and Operationally Defining Patient-Centered Communication

This study aimed to develop a process for measuring sensitivity in provider-patient interactions to better understand patient-centered communication. The authors developed the Process of Interactional Sensitivity Coding in Healthcare (PISCH) by incorporating a multimethod investigation into conversations between physicians and their patients with type 2 diabetes. The PISCH was then applied and assessed for its reliability across the unitization of interactions, the activities that were reflected, and the characteristics of patient-centered interactional sensitivity that were observed within each unit. In most cases, the PISCH resulted in reliable analysis of the interactions, but a few key areas (shared decision making, enabling self-management, and responding to emotion) were not reliably assessed. Implications of the test of this coding scheme include the expansion of the theoretical notion of interactional sensitivity to the health care context, rigorous implementation of a multimethod measurement development that relied on qualitative and quantitative assessments, and important future questions about the role of communication concepts in future interpersonal research.
How Social Movement Coalitions Matter: Lessons from the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights

Recent scholarship has made great strides in investigating the conditions that facilitate the mobilization and maintenance of social movement coalitions, or alliances of social movement organizations that join forces to achieve some common goal. Far less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of these organizational collaborations. This paper begins to address this lacuna in this paper by developing a typology of social movement coalitions based on their inclusivity and coordination capacity, and illustrating some of its distinctions with a case study of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights’ development during the 1950s and 1960s. Drawing on evidence from four archival collections, I document several changes to the Leadership Conference’s organizational structure and operational procedures that were implemented in 1963 and show how these changes contributed to the achievement of strong civil rights legislation during the mid-1960s.