cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early structural valve deterioration and reoperation associated with the mitroflow aortic valve.

BACKGROUND Structural valve deterioration (SVD) is a known limitation of bioprosthetic valves. Recent reports have suggested a concerning rate of early SVD in patients receiving a Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis. We therefore compared the incidence of SVD and SVD requiring reoperation among patients receiving a Mitroflow versus a common contemporary bioprosthesis. METHODS A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 592 patients receiving a Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis at our institution between 2010 and 2014. Patients were matched 1:1 using a coarsened exact matching algorithm with patients receiving a Carpentier-Edwards Magna Ease aortic bioprosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) during the same period. The incidence of SVD (defined as a mean transprosthetic gradient ≥30 mmHg or moderate to severe intraprosthetic regurgitation), reoperation for SVD, and cumulative survival were compared between prosthesis types. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of SVD at 5 years for all patients receiving a Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis was 16% (13-21%) and 5% underwent reoperation for SVD. Implantation of a Mitroflow valve was associated with an increased risk of SVD compared to the comparator valve (hazard ratio [HR] 2.59 [1.69-3.98], P < 0.01). Older age had a protective effect against SVD (HR 0.95 [0.93-0.96], P < 0.01). Patients who received a Mitroflow valve had reduced long-term survival compared to those who received a comparator valve (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION The Mitroflow aortic bioprosthesis is associated with increased rates of early SVD and reoperation for valvular dysfunction as well as reduced survival compared to a contemporary valve. Enhanced clinical and echocardiographic follow-up is advisable after Mitroflow implantation.
Report of Special Committee on Flood-Waves, 1938–39

The Special Committee on Flood-Waves is in its second year, having been established in June, 1937, by the Executive Committee of the Section of Hydrology as a culmination of earlier informational conferences of persons concerned with hydrologic investigations, particularly for the Federal Government. It was recognized that the data and analytical studies regarding various flood-wave phenomena are exceedingly fragmentary. This Committee has served as a focal point for discussion of flood-wave phenomena and the making and dissemination of available information. The work of the Committee has been carried on primarily through sub-committees and special assignments to individual members and their colleagues in this particular field. The membership of the Special Committee on Flood-Waves has remained the same from the time it was established and is as follows: Merrill Bernard, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C. H. N. Eaton, Hydraulic Laboratory, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. R. S. Goodridge, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Robert E. Horton, Consulting Hydraulic Engineer, Voorheesville, New York Ivan E. Houk, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Washington, D.C. W. G. Hoyt, U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. Hans Kramer, U.S. Engineer Corps, Conchas Dam, New Mexico F. T. Mavis, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa M. P. O'Brien, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California Lorenz G. Straub (Chairman), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota H. A. Thomas, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Dietary Anthocyanins against Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC), which is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract affecting millions of people worldwide. Alternative natural therapies, including dietary changes, are being investigated to manage or treat UC since current treatment options have serious negative side effects. There is growing evidence from animal studies and human clinical trials that diets rich in anthocyanins, which are pigments in fruits and vegetables, protect against inflammation and increased gut permeability as well as improve colon health through their ability to alter bacterial metabolism and the microbial milieu within the intestines. In this review, the structure and bioactivity of anthocyanins, the role of inflammation and gut bacterial dysbiosis in UC pathogenesis, and their regulation by the dietary anthocyanins are discussed, which suggests the feasibility of dietary strategies for UC mitigation.
Can We Predict Incisional Hernia?: Development of a Surgery-specific Decision-Support Interface.

Objective:The aim of this study was to identify procedure-specific risk factors independently associated with incisional hernia (IH) and demonstrate the feasibility of preoperative risk stratification through the use of an IH risk calculator app and decision–support interface.Summary Background Data
Pediatric Lateral Condyle Humerus Fracture

Fractures of the lateral condyle in children are common and can have serious consequences. Fractures with more than 2 mm of displacement typically require operative treatment to restore the articular surface and avoid malunion; most displaced fractures require an open reduction and can be fixed with K-wires. Complications include nonunion, malunion, and late ulnar nerve palsy.
Inside the information wars

In the age of fake news and digital manipulation, you are the new battlefield. Carl Miller reports from the front lines of information warfare.
Leader Integrative Capabilities: A Catalyst for Effective Interdisciplinary Teams

This chapter adds to a growing body of literature that seeks to understand the role of leaders in disciplinary diverse teams, and extends research that documents the importance of leaders for enhancing team effectiveness. We propose that leaders with integrative capabilities will have greater success in helping disciplinary diverse teams overcome the obstacles of cross-boundary collaboration. We define leader integrative capability as a set of skills and behaviors that a team leader can use to bridge intellectual distance and enable knowledge sharing and integration. Throughout this chapter, we detail the integrative capabilities and behaviors that leaders can exhibit to enhance team members’ ability to recognize, share, and integrate their knowledge resources more effectively.
Marijuana, Ondansetron, and Promethazine Are Perceived as Most Effective Treatments for Gastrointestinal Nausea

Many anti-nausea treatments are available for chronic gastrointestinal syndromes, but data on efficacy and comparative effectiveness are sparse. To conduct a sectional survey study of patients with chronic nausea to assess comparative effectiveness of commonly used anti-nausea treatments. Outpatients at a single center presenting for gastroenterology evaluation were asked to rate anti-nausea efficacy on a scale of 0 (no efficacy) to 5 (very effective) of 29 commonly used anti-nausea treatments and provide other information about their symptoms. Additional information was collected from the patients’ chart. The primary outcome was to determine which treatments were better or worse than average using a t test. The secondary outcome was to assess differential response by individual patient characteristics using multiple linear regression. One hundred and fifty-three patients completed the survey. The mean efficacy score of all anti-nausea treatments evaluated was 1.73. After adjustment, three treatments had scores statically higher than the mean, including marijuana (2.75, p < 0.0001), ondansetron (2.64, p < 0.0001), and promethazine (2.46, p < 0.0001). Several treatments, including many neuromodulators, complementary and alternative treatments, erythromycin, and diphenhydramine had scores statistically below average. Patients with more severe nausea responded better to marijuana (p = 0.036) and diphenhydramine (p < 0.001) and less so to metoclopramide (p = 0.020). There was otherwise no significant differential response by age, gender, nausea localization, underlying gastrointestinal cause of nausea, and GCSI. When treating nausea in patients with chronic gastrointestinal syndromes, clinicians may consider trying higher performing treatments first, and forgoing lower performing treatments. Further prospective research is needed, particularly with respect to highly effective treatments.
Neural Correlates of Positive and Negative Valence System Dysfunction in Adolescents Revealed by Data-Driven Parcellation and Resting-State Network Modeling

Abstract Objective Adolescence is a period of rapid brain development when symptoms of mood, anxiety, and other disorders often first emerge, suggesting disruptions in maturing reward circuitry may play a role in mental illness onset. Here, we characterized associations between resting-state network properties and psychiatric symptomatology in medication-free adolescents with a wide range of symptom severity. Methods Adolescents (age 12-20) with mood and/or anxiety symptoms (n=68) and healthy controls (n=19) completed diagnostic interviews, depression/anhedonia/anxiety questionnaires, and 3T resting-state fMRI (10min/2.3mm/TR=1s). Data were preprocessed (HCP Pipelines), aligned (MSMAll), and parcellated into 750 nodes encompassing the entire cortex/subcortex (Cole-Anticevic Brain-wide Network Partition). Weighted graph theoretical metrics (Strength Centrality=CStr; Eigenvector Centrality=CEig; Local Efficiency=ELoc) were estimated within Whole Brain and task-derived Reward Anticipation/Attainment/Prediction Error networks. Associations with clinical status and symptoms were assessed non-parametrically (two-tailed pFWE Results Relative to controls, clinical adolescents had increased ventral striatum CEig within the Reward Attainment network. Across subjects, depression correlated with subgenual cingulate CStr and ELoc, anhedonia correlated with ventromedial prefrontal CStr and lateral amygdala ELoc, and anxiety negatively correlated with parietal operculum CEig and medial amygdala ELoc within the Whole Brain network. Conclusions Using a data-driven analysis approach, high-quality parcellation, and clinically diverse adolescent cohort, we found that symptoms within positive and negative valence system constructs differentially associated with resting-state network abnormalities: depression and anhedonia, as well as clinical status, involved greater influence and communication efficiency in prefrontal and limbic reward areas, whereas anxiety was linked to reduced influence/efficiency in amygdala and cortical regions involved in stimulus monitoring.
Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions

The goal of the cardiopulmonary system is to supply oxygen and other nutrients to body tissues while eliminating carbon dioxide, and the heart and lung work closely together to achieve these ends. Because the heart and lung share volume and pressures within the thorax, each system tends to alter the other, especially when there is preexisting heart or lung disease, or when challenged by rising demand. Cardiopulmonary interactions are mediated by changes in pleural pressure (Ppl), lung volume, and gas exchange, all explored in the sections to follow.
Beyond the Language-Content Divide: Research on Advanced Foreign Language Instruction at the Postsecondary Level

This review examines research on advanced-level foreign language (FL) teaching and learning in collegiate contexts with a particular focus on the merging of language and literary-cultural content. The overarching question framing this review is: What is the relationship between language, literature, and culture, and how are they instantiated through FL curricula and instruction at the advanced level? To respond to this question, language and literary-cultural content in advanced FL contexts are addressed from the perspective of three trends evidenced in published research: (1) conceptualizations of literature and culture within the advanced-level curriculum, (2) integration of language and literary-cultural content at the course level, and (3) incor- poration of advanced language and content at the curricular level. The review concludes by identifying overarching themes and directions for future research.
Do Foreign Nations Have Constitutional Rights

Ingrid Wuerth challenges the conventional wisdom that the Constitution does not grant any procedural rights, such as notice and personal jurisdiction, to foreign countries. Her foundational premise is that the Constitution’s Framers, Ratifiers, and early interpreters did not precisely use terminology such as “judicial power,” “cases,” “controversies,” “due process,” “subject matter jurisdiction,” and “personal jurisdiction.” Professor Wuerth follows suit by collapsing these terms into a general analytical framework, which is then applied specifically to litigation involving foreign sovereigns. I submit, however, that these words (and the concepts they convey) were— and still are—distinct, albeit related. In particular, clarity would be promoted by treating Article III—which primarily concerns subject matter jurisdiction over three categories of “Cases” and six types of “Controversies”— separately from Due Process issues such as personal jurisdiction. Moreover, Article III’s text and history indicate that its drafters included “Controversies . . . between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects” to ensure that such disputes would be resolved impartially by federal judges who, unlike their state counterparts, enjoyed tenure and salary guarantees that insulated them from political pressure. By contrast, Professor Wuerth presents no direct evidence that the Framers or Ratifiers understood this Alienage Clause as guaranteeing procedural rights to foreign nations. Therefore, although I agree with her thesis that foreign governments should receive the same constitutional procedural protections as their citizens and enterprises, the main font of those rights should be the Due Process Clause rather than Article III. I will develop the foregoing ideas primarily by critiquing Professor Wuerth’s historical analysis of those two constitutional provisions. I will then consider some modern implications of her proposal.
Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervation across a Broad Range of Charge Densities.

Polyelectrolyte complex coacervates of homologous (co)polyelectrolytes with a near-ideally random distribution of a charged and neutral ethylene oxide comonomer were synthesized. The unique platform provided by these building blocks enabled an investigation of the phase behavior across charge fractions 0.10 ≤ f ≤ 1.0. Experimental phase diagrams for f = 0.30-1.0 were obtained from thermogravimetric analysis of complex and supernatant phases and contrasted with molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical scaling laws. At intermediate to high f, a dependence of polymer weight fraction in the salt-free coacervate phase (wP,c) of wP,c ∼ f0.37±0.01 was extracted; this trend was in good agreement with accompanying simulation predictions. Below f = 0.50, wP,c was found to decrease more dramatically, qualitatively in line with theory and simulations predicting an exponent of 2/3 at f ≤ 0.25. Preferential salt partitioning to either coacervate or supernatant was found to be dictated by the chemistry of the constituent (co)polyelectrolytes.
A Study of Water in Glass by an Autoradiographic Method that Utilizes Tritiated Water

Water concentration and spatial distribution in glass were determined by an autoradiographic method that makes use of tritiated water as the tagged species. The method is described and some typical results are presented. Advantages and disadvantages associated with the method are listed and discussed vis-a-vis other methods that might be used for the study of water in glass.
Dynamic Programming (DP)

Some problems of computer vision can be formulated in a recursive manner. For this class of problems, the paradigm of dynamic programming (DP) represents an interesting tool in order to obtain a fast discrete solution. Here, the overall problem is broken down into a series of sub-problems, which are built upon each other and can therefore be solved iteratively. This way computation can be sped up considerably through the reusage of information gathered in already solved sub-problems. This chapter starts with presenting the well-known method of Dijkstra as an example of shortest path algorithms, which are closely related to DP. “Intelligent scissors” interactively segmenting an image are one example application. Furthermore, this chapter deals with two ways of applying the dynamic programming paradigm. First, dynamic programming is applicable if optimal positions or labels are to be found for a sequence of points, where the optimality criterion for each point depends on its predecessor(s). The task of calculating active contours can be reformulated in this manner. Second, some problems show a treelike structure, which makes a recursive formulation possible, too. The recognition of objects which are modeled as a configuration of parts is one example of this.
Chapter 31. Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Publisher Summary This chapter surveys chemical work published during 1968 and 1969, with particular emphasis on synthetic aspects. A number of new thio-, amino-, and branched-sugar nucleosides of adenine were synthesized through the condensation of a chloromercuri-6-acylaminopurine with the appropriate new blocked sugar halides or lacetates. In many cases, both anomers were obtained in these condensation reactions, although a participating acyloxy group at C-2 of the sugar reactant usually favored the nucleosidic product. Anomeric mixtures of both the (blocked) N-7 and N-9 nucleosides were obtained when the silver salt of hypoxanthine was reacted with pure α-acetobromoglucose. From the reactions of anomeric 2',3',5'-tri- O -acyl- D -ribofuranosyl halides with the chloromercuri derivatives of 3-benzylhypoxanthine and 9-propenylhypoxanthine only the B-anomers of the corresponding (blocked) N -7- and N-1-ribofuranosyl derivatives, respectively, were isolated, thus showing closer adherence to the trans rule, as well as the the dependence of the site of alkylation on the position of the first ring- N -substituent. The acid-catalyzed fusion of a blocked 2-deoxysugar 1-acetate with 2-fluro-6-benzyloxypurine yielded the anomeric N-9-nucleosides.
Coexistent Aortic Valvular and Functional. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis Clinical, Physiologic and Angiographic Aspects*

Abstract Four cases of coexistent aortic valvular stenosis and functional subaortic stenosis are presented. The first patient died of low cardiac output after replacement of the aortic valve, and concomitant subvalvular hypertrophy was discovered at autopsy. Patients presenting clinically with aortic valvular stenosis were subsequently challenged with isoproterenol at cardiac catheterization. Three had hemodynamic evidence of subaortic functional hypertrophy and aortic valvular stenosis. Postextrasystolic beats were also indicative of subaortic stenosis in these cases. All had angiographic evidence of subaortic functional hypertrophy and, in 1, confirmation was obtained at postmortem examination. These studies indicate: (1) patients with both conditions appear clinically to have valvular stenosis; (2) all patients with apparent aortic stenosis should be studied with isoproterenol at catheterization; (3) patients with both lesions should be treated with propranolol; and (4) if this treatment does not result in improvement, then the subvalvular narrowing should be carefully evaluated and relieved at the time of valvular operation.
Review of integrated approaches to river basin, planning, development and management

Piecemeal approaches to river basin development and management may not fully recognize the interactions and interdependence among components of a river basin system. River basin management that focuses on a single water use, on a single sector, or on the supply to particular segment of the basin population may inadvertently disrupt other sectors of the economy (in time or space). Hence, advocating for a systems approach to river basin development - for models that could help account for a river basin's key components and help address various objectives. The authors review the literature on such economic models, including models that deal with issues of water quality and quantity or with environmental considerations, recreational demand, countrywide planning, and multiple objective planning. Their review may serve as a source of references for those who need to consider whether they can use a model. Readers can evaluate the suitability, advantages, and disadvantages of particular modeling approaches for specific objectives.
Supervision of Career Counseling

Abstract This paper discusses the extant empirical literature concerning training and supervision in career counseling and proposes viewing the professional development of students as career counselors via a comprehensive model of clinical supervision, the Integrated Developmental Model (IDM; Stoltenberg & Delworth, 1987; Stoltenberg, McNeill, & Del-worth, 1998). A vignette illustrating the extrapolation of the IDM to the supervision of career counseling is presented and directions for future research in this area are discussed.
Adaptive position/force control of BDC-RLED robots without velocity measurements

This paper considers the problem of controlling the position and force of a constrained rigid-link electrically-driven robot manipulator actuated by brushed DC motors (BDC-RLED robot). Based on inexact knowledge of almost all of the system parameters and the lack of link velocity measurements, the integrator backstepping approach is used to design a voltage-level, adaptive position/force controller which ensures semi-global asymptotic tracking for the end-effector position, velocity, and force.
Nonviolent Action and Its Misconceptions: Insights for Social Scientists

Prior to the wave of people power movements that erupted across the globe in the late twentieth century, scholars of social movements and revolution rarely addressed nonviolent action as a strategy for political change in non-democratic contexts. By the beginning of the twenty-first century this changed, as increasingly more social scientists began turning their attention to a topic once addressed primarily by peace studies scholars. The analysis of nonviolent action by social scientists other than peace studies scholars should be welcomed. Yet, since popular and scholarly misconceptions about nonviolence abound, it would be useful to examine some of these in the hope that biases in the social scientific analysis of nonviolent action can be attenuated.
Transcriptional control of delta-crystallin gene expression in the chicken embryo lens: demonstration by a new method for measuring mRNA metabolism.

Abstract Crystallins are proteins that accumulate to very high concentrations in the fiber cells of the lens of the eye. Crystallins are responsible for the transparency and high refractive index that are essential for lens function. In the chicken embryo, delta-crystallin accounts for more than 70% of the newly synthesized lens proteins. We used density labeling and gene-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the mechanism regulating the expression of the two very similar delta-crystallin genes. Newly synthesized RNA was separated from preexisting RNA by incubating the lenses with 15N- and 13C-labeled ribonucleosides and then separating newly synthesized, density-labeled RNA from the bulk of light RNA by equilibrium density centrifugation in NaI-KI gradients. The relative abundances of the two crystallin mRNAs in the separated fractions were then determined by PCR. This method permitted the quantitation of newly synthesized processed and unprocessed delta-crystallin mRNAs. Additional studies used intron- and gene-specific PCR primers to determine the relative expression of the two delta-crystallin genes in processed RNA and unprocessed RNA extracted from different regions of the embryonic lens. Results of these tests indicated that the differential expression of the delta-crystallin genes was regulated primarily at the level of transcription. This outcome was not expected on the basis of the results of previous studies, which used in vitro transcription and transfection methods to evaluate the relative strengths of delta-crystallin promoter and enhancer sequences. Our data suggest that the cultured cells used in these earlier studies may not have provided an accurate view of delta-crystallin regulation in the intact lens.
Mayoral Selection and the Demand and Supply of Women Mayors

Few studies consider the effect of selection procedures on women's attainment of mayoral office. This article begins to fill this gap through analysis of more than 100 cities in California. The results show that selection method of mayor by popular vote exerts a substantial negative effect on whether a woman holds the office of mayor. The study then explores the negative effect of popular vote on women's attainment of mayoral office. There are two possibilities for exploring this effect: (1) popular vote creates more opportunity for the negative influence of stereotyping and role socialization on women's recruitment and election to mayoral office or (2) alternatively, popular vote increases the negative influence of sex differences in political motivation on women's attainment of mayoral office. The analyses support the second interpretation of the negative effect of popular vote on women's mayoral office-holding.
Convergence to equilibrium rarefaction waves for discontinuous solutions of shallow water wave equations with relaxation

The purpose of this paper is to study the discontinuous solutions to a shallow water wave equation with relaxation. The typical initial value problem of discontinuous solutions is the Riemann problem. Unlike the homogeneous hyperbolic conservation laws, due to the inhomogeneity of the system studied here, the solutions of the Riemann problem do not have a self-similar structure anymore. This problem can be formulated as a free boundary problem. We show that the Riemann solutions still have a piecewise smooth structure globally and converge to the rarefaction waves of the equilibrium equation as time tends to infinity.
Body mass index and injury risk among US children 9-15 years old in motor vehicle crashes.

Objective: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and injury risk among US children in motor vehicle crashes. Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the Partners for Child Passenger Safety study, a child-focused crash surveillance system. Participants: A probability sample of children, 9–15 years of age, involved in crashes in parent-operated vehicles between 1 December 2000 and 31 December 2006. Main outcome measure: The odds ratio of Abbreviated Injury Severity (AIS) 2+ injuries (overall and body region specific) by BMI category: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Results: The study sample included 3232 children in 2873 vehicles, representing a population estimate of 54 616 children in 49 037 vehicles. Approximately 15% (n = 502) sustained an AIS 2+ injury to any body region; 34% of the children were overweight or obese. There was no overall increase in injury risk by BMI; however, body region differences were found. In multivariate logistic regression, compared with normal weight children, the odds of sustaining an AIS 2+ injury to the extremities for overweight and obese children was 2.64 (95% CI 1.64 to 4.77) and 2.54 (95% CI 1.15 to 5.59), respectively. Conclusions: Although overweight and obese children are not at increased overall risk of injury, they are at increased risk of injury to the lower and upper extremities. This increased risk may be due to a combination of physiology, biomechanical forces, and vehicle design.
Formal functions on prevalued domains

For a nonzero, univariate power-series f with coefficients in an integral domain R, we prove some results about the cardinality of certain zero-sets of f. We prove formal analogues of Hilbertʼs Theorem 90 for R〚X1,…,Xn〛 which generalize the known results. Given a torsion group G of R-automorphisms (resp. continuous R-automorphisms) of R〚X1,…,Xn〛, we show that if R contains Q, then G is isomorphic to a subgroup of GL(n,R/I) (resp. GL(n,R)), where I denotes the Eakin–Sathaye ideal of R.
Why Are Hemorrhoids Symptomatic? The Pathophysiology and Etiology of Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a normal component of the anorectum and contribute to the mechanism of anal closure, thus providing fine adjustment of anal continence. There are numerous myths and legends associated with the disordered and diseased state of hemorrhoids. Fortunately, information obtained from modern technologies including microscopic histopathology defined first the actual substance and makeup of hemorrhoids and was later combined with anorectal physiology to provide evidence establishing the underlying pathophysiology of this universal finding of the human anorectum. The sliding anal canal theory of Gass and Adams has held up and is further supported by other anatomic studies including the work of WHF Thomson, who popularized the term “cushions” to describe the complex intertwining of muscle, connective tissue, veins, arteries, and arteriovenous communications which constitute hemorrhoids. A loss of muscle mass in favor of connective tissue over time helps explain the role of aging as a predisposing factor for symptomatic hemorrhoids. Other factors include the modern “rich” or low-residue diet leading to constipation and straining which contributes to prolapsing cushions. Pathologic studies also demonstrated arteriovenous communications explaining why hemorrhoid bleeding is typically bright red or arterial in nature as opposed to dark or venous bleeding. Technology associated with anorectal physiology studies have demonstrated an increase in pressures of the internal sphincter, which return to normal following surgical intervention. This information backs the conclusion that high sphincter pressures are not the cause of hemorrhoid symptoms, but rather the effect of symptomatic hemorrhoids because of the observed return to normal baseline pressures after surgical removal. While there may be a genetic component to this disorder, there are no known genetic markers for hemorrhoid disease at this time.
A Physiological Evaluation of Time Standards For Warehouse Operations as Set by Traditional Work Measurement Techniques

Abstract This research studied physiological stresses to grocery order selectors. Sixty-three male workers from three different warehouses participated in the study. Oxygen uptake and heart rates were continuously recorded while the subjects performed their routine work. Performance levels of the workers were determined using the traditional work measurement techniques employed by the warehouses. The duration of the observations ranged from 12 to 65 min (mean 34 min) depending upon the size of the order and the pace of the worker. The mean performance levels (allowed time per order/actual time per order ∗ 100) were 119, 111 and 98% and the corresponding mean metabolic rates were 6.2, 6.0 and 8.3 Kcal/min and the mean heart rates were 110, 122, and 133 beats/min in warehouses 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Approximately, 24, 30 and 64% of the male workers failed to meet the 100% performance index in warehouses 1, 2 and 3, respectively, while their average energy expenditure rates were 6.3, 5.4 and 8.4 Kcal/min....
Instrument canister thermal control

A transient thermal analysis and test of a thermal control canister is described. The 1 x 1 x 3 m canister provides a uniform thermal environment for shuttle instrument payloads requiring fine temperature control, the design goal being operation between 0 C and 20 C with a range of plus or minus 1 C at any selected set-point temperature. The canister side walls are isothermalized by a system of longitudinal and circumferential heat pipes rejecting heat through feedback controlled, variable conductance heat pipes to side mounted radiators. A breadboard model of two side walls and two radiators was tested in a thermal vacuum chamber. The breadboard was stable over a wide range of effective environments, experiment dissipations, and control point temperature levels.
If asked, hospitalized patients will choose whether to receive life-sustaining therapies.

BACKGROUND No national policy requires health care providers to discuss with hospitalized patients whether the latter would want cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or mechanical ventilation (MV) in the event of cardiopulmonary failure. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hospitalized patients are willing to discuss end-of-life issues and choose whether to receive CPR and MV. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. PARTICIPANTS 297 patients admitted to the medicine service of a 350-bed community teaching hospital. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to receive routine care or a scripted intervention, delivered by research physicians, that included detailed information about CPR, MV, and advance directives. MEASUREMENTS Number of patients who welcomed the scripted intervention, number who chose to receive or reject CPR/MV, and number of advance directives created during hospitalization. RESULTS Of the 297 patients studied, 136 were in the intervention group and 161 were in the control group. Baseline characteristics and severity of illness were similar in the 2 groups. Of the 136 patients in the intervention group, 133 (98%) willingly discussed CPR and mechanical ventilation, and 112 (82%) found the information useful. One hundred and twenty-five (92%) clarified their preferences regarding CPR and MV after receiving the intervention; of the 48 patients who were initially documented as wanting CPR/MV, 3 requested no CPR/MV after the intervention. Of the 87 patients in the intervention group who had no documentation of code status on admission, 5 asked for no CPR/MV. Of the 161 patients in the control group, 55 had documentation of their code status on admission. Of the 106 patients without documentation, 6 were later documented to receive no CPR/MV. Thirteen of the 102 patients who had no advance directive on admission created one after the intervention, whereas only 1 of the 128 patients in the control group did so (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Patients are willing to discuss and give informed consent for CPR and mechanical ventilation early in hospitalization. Only a minority drafted advance directives during hospitalization. Larger studies that include patients at other centers are required to determine whether these findings are reproducible and whether this approach is clinically feasible. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;3:161–167. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Biosynthesis of swainsonine in the diablo locoweed (Astragalus oxyphyrus)

Abstract In addition to the toxic indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine, the diablo locoweed (Astragalu oxyphysus) has been found to produce [1,8a-trans]-1-hydroxyindolizidine and [1,8a-trans-1,2-cis]-1,2-dihydroxyindolizidine, known precursors of swainsonine in the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminicola. As in the fungus, [G-3H]-pipecolic acid is incorporated into all three alkaloids. It is proposed that swainsonine biosynthesis in A. oxyphysus occurs by a pathway very similar to the fungal route.
Interspecies variation in milk composition among horses, zebras and asses (Perissodactyla: Equidae)

Milk samples of four species of wild equids (onager, Equus hemionus onager; mountain zebra, E. zebra hartmannae; plains zebra, E. burchelli; Przewalski horse, E. caballus przewalskii) and two domesticated equids (ass, E. asinus; pony, E. caballus) were analysed. At mid to late lactation the milks of all species were very similar, containing on average 10-12% total solids, 1-2% fat, 1.6-1.8% true protein, 6-7% 'lactose', 0.3-0.5% ash, 0.08-0.12% calcium, 0.04-0.07% phosphorus and a calculated energy content of 2.0-2.4 kJ/g. Milk samples collected in the first 2 weeks after birth showed elevated levels of total solids and protein, and some had reduced 'lactose' levels, but there were no observable trends in milk composition during mid to late lactation (1-12 months post partum). It was concluded that these closely related species produce milks that are nearly identical in gross composition and that the domestic horse is a representative model for the study of equid lactation.
DIFFICULT CHALLENGE FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE 2010: PUTTING POLICY INTO PRACTICE. A COMMENTARY

ABSTRACTClaude Earl Fox, M.D., M.P.H., Director, Johns Hopkins Urban Health Institute, public health professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and former Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, outlines the difficulties in achieving the stated goals of Healthy People 2010 for one population identified within the document as having health disparities – i.e., lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals in the United States. [Gender identity and transgender health issues were not addressed in Healthy People 2010.] The dearth of data on LGBT health disparities is discussed, as are many of the social, economic, systemic, and attitudinal barriers that prevent many LGBT persons from achieving equal access to comprehensive, culturally competent, community-based health care services. Health care providers, health purchasers, policymakers, researchers, academicians and consumers are urged to learn more about LGBT...
Observation of cascade hyperon interactions

Abstract We report on the observation of 17Ξ o + p interactions in the Berkeley 72″ Hydrogen Bubble Chember, Cross-sections are calculated for both elastic and inelastic channels.
Rendering the Political Aesthetic: Political Legitimacy in Urartian Representations of the Built Environment

Anthropological investigations of legitimacy in ancient polities have generally appealed to self-interested assessments of costs and benefits to explain the commitments of subjects to a political apparatus. But ideological programs also strive to create affective ties between regimes and those they rule by rendering the political aesthetic. From the mid-ninth to the late seventh century B.C. the Urartian Empire controlled the highlands of eastern Anatolia and southern Transcaucasia from the headwaters of the Euphrates to the Lake Urmia basin, forwarding claims to legitimacy that redescribed the political apparatus. This study investigates Urartian representations of the built environment in pictorial and epigraphic media in order to broaden anthropological understandings of legitimacy, pluralize our understanding of ideological production in ancient polities, and politicize the relationship between artistic renaissance and state formation.
Snares, Knives, and Scissors

Polyp snares and needle knives are invaluable tools for the performance of therapeutic endoscopy. Endoscopic scissors, though uncommonly used, are useful in very selected circumstances. Colonic polypectomy is one of the most commonly performed therapeutic endoscopic procedures. Needle knives are used most commonly for biliary cannulation, but are adaptable to a range of therapeutic interventions.
Trends in Food Locations and Sources among Adolescents and Young Adults

Abstract Background. The aim of this study was to determine overall trends of total energy intake by food location and food type in diets of adolescents and young adults. Methods. This study used a nationally representative sample of 16,810 individuals, ages 12–29 from the 1977 to 1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey and the 1989–1991 and 1994–1996 Continuing Surveys of Food Intake by Individuals. For each survey year, the percentage of total energy intake from meals and snacks was calculated for adolescents ages 12–18 and young adults ages 19–29. The percentage of energy intake by location and for specific food group was computed for both age groups, separately. Results. Both adolescents and young adults are obtaining less of their energy intake at home and more at restaurants and fast food places. This is predominantly seen among calories from snacking occasions for adolescents and both meals and snacks among the older age group. Significant increases in consumption of pizza, cheeseburgers, and salty snacks and decreases in consumption of desserts and certain milk and meat products by both age groups are shown. Conclusions. To improve the diets of adolescents and young adults, healthy food choices outside the home need to be as readily available as the foods which have increased in popularity over the past 20 years.
Substance stimulating the differentiation of spores of the blue-green alga Cylindrospermum licheniforme

THE study of intercellular inductions in higher plants and animals is hindered by the complexity of the multicellular tissues involved. Sporulation of filamentous blue-green algae is a relatively simple process to study because these algae contain, in linear array, only three types of cells. There are vegetative cells, and heterocysts and spores which form by differentiation of vegetative cells. Wolk1,2 showed that heterocysts of the blue-green alga Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. induce adjacent vegetative cells to differentiate into spores. We report here that a substance produced by the related alga, Cylindrospermum licheniforme, greatly stimulates sporulation of that same alga.
Rapid and reliable confirmation of acute promyelocytic leukemia by immunofluorescence staining with an antipromyelocytic leukemia antibody: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience of 349 patients.

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the utility of immunofluorescence staining with an antipromyelocytic leukemia (anti-PML) antibody for patients with a suspected diagnosis of new or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and correlated the findings with the results of other established diagnostic modalities. METHODS: Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) smears from 349 patients in whom the diagnosis of APL was considered were assessed with the anti-PML antibody using immunofluorescence. The study group included 199 patients with confirmed APL and 150 with other conditions. The results of conventional cytogenetics, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) performed on these patients were correlated with the PML results. RESULTS: Among patients with confirmed APL, anti-PML antibody was positive in 182 of 184 BM and 32 of 33 PB smears. Conventional cytogenetics demonstrated t(15;17)(q22;q12) in 166 of 182 (91%) patients; 10 had a normal karyotype, 4 had insufficient mitoses to grow in culture, 1 was inconclusive, and 1 was 48, XX, +8, +8. Anti-PML staining was positive in 9 of 10 with a normal karyotype and in all 4 cases with insufficient mitoses. RT-PCR and FISH were positive for PML–retinoic acid receptor-α in 169 of 172 (98%) and 90 of 94 (96%) cases, respectively. Among the patients without APL, 148 of 150 (98.6%) were negative with anti-PML antibody. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 98.9% and 98.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PML immunofluorescence staining is a rapid (<4 hours turnaround time) and reliable frontline diagnostic approach that can facilitate initiation of targeted therapy, particularly in clinical settings where cytogenetic and molecular testing are not readily available. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The Resource Team Model: An Innovative Mentoring Program for Academic Librarians

Mentoring is a service activity that librarians must engage in to ensure a smooth integration of new library faculty. This case study describes the process of implementing a new mentoring model approach in an academic library, the Resource Team Model (RTM). The California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) Resource Team is an innovative model of mentoring, coaching, and training which includes a broader network of support for mentors and mentees.1 It is formed by a trinity of mentor librarians with different strengths who mobilize for six months to guide and support one new librarian. The main objectives of this model are to acclimatize the mentee to all areas of librarianship and to the culture of the new organization. The RTM ensures that new librarian mentees have the tools and support to move seamlessly into the fabric of the organization and to flourish professionally as they move towards tenure. The RTM approach is not a group mentoring, a mutual mentoring network, or a mentoring circle model as d...
The Justification of Punishment

I want to discuss philosophically, to glance at the logic of, the parts of this expression “the justification of punishment” and then to draw from this discussion one or two morals for discussions of the justification of punishment. This paper is based on one originally given to the Scots Philosophy Club at its Aberdeen meeting in 1953, as the third part of a symposium on The Justification of Punishment (no inverted commas).
A connection between operator topologies, polynomial interpolation, and synthesis of diagonal operators

Abstract In this paper we extend the work done by Deters and Seubert in [I. Deters, S. Seubert, Cyclic vectors of diagonal operators on the space of functions analytic on a disk, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 334 (2007) 1209–1219]. In particular, we shall improve upon a theorem in the aforementioned paper and make connections between the strong operator topology on H ( B ( 0 , 1 ) ) , polynomial behavior on a sequence of points, and the synthesis of diagonal operators on H ( B ( 0 , 1 ) ) .
Better adherence to treatment recommendations in heart failure predicts improved cognitive function at a one-year follow-up

Introduction: Treatment nonadherence is common in heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor health outcomes in this population. Recent cross-sectional work in heart failure and past work in other medical populations suggest that cognitive function is a key determinant of a patient’s ability to adhere to treatment recommendations. However, it is also possible that treatment adherence is an important modifier and predictor of cognitive function, though no study has examined this possibility, and we sought to do so in a sample of heart failure patients. Method: A total of 115 patients with heart failure self-reported adherence to treatment recommendations. The Modified Mini Mental State Examination (3MS), Trail Making Test Parts A and B, and the California Verbal Learning Test–II (CVLT–II) assessed cognitive function. These procedures were performed at baseline and a 12-month follow-up. Results: Global cognition and memory abilities improved over the 12-month period. Regression analyses controlling for ...
Parity odd spin-dependent structure functions in deep inelastic scattering

Abstract New parity violating structure functions are measurable in deep inelastic lepton scattering from polarized hadronic targets of arbitrary spin. We present these structure functions and interpret their significance in the context of both the parton model and the operator product expansion. These structure functions are expected to be as large as standard structure functions such as F 1,2 at electroweak momenta transfers.