cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A geometric proof of Gibbard's random dictatorship theorem

Gibbard has shown that a social choice function is strategy-proof if and only if it is a convex combination of dictatorships and pair-wise social choice functions. I use geometric techniques to prove the corollary that every strategy-proof and sovereign social choice function is a random dictatorship.
Evidence for reduced Cl- and increased Na+ permeability in cystic fibrosis human primary cell cultures.

1. Employing a primary cell culture system and intracellular microelectrodes, we quantitated and compared the Na+ and Cl- pathways in apical membranes of normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) human airway epithelia. 2. Like the transepithelial difference (PD) in situ, the PD of CF epithelia in culture (-27 +/- 4 mV, mean +/- S.E.M.; n = 28) exceeded the PD of normal epithelia (-10 +/- 1 mV; n = 22). The raised PD principally reflected an increase in the rate of active transport (equivalent short circuit, Ieq) for CF epithelia (61 +/- 9 microA cm-2) as compared with normal epithelia (23 +/- 3 microA cm-2). No significant differences in transepithelial resistance were detected. 3. As indicated by ion replacement studies (gluconate for Cl-), the apical membrane of normal cells exhibits an apical membrane Cl- conductance (GCl) that can be activated by isoprenaline. CF cells do not exhibit an apical membrane GCl, nor can a GCl be activated by isoprenaline. 4. CF cells exhibited a larger amiloride-sensitive Ieq and amiloride-sensitive apical membrane conductance (GNa) than normal cells. Further, the amiloride-sensitive Ieq was increased by isoprenaline in CF but not normal airway epithelia. 5. Equivalent circuit analysis yielded evidence for a more positive electromotive force (EMF) across the apical membrane and a more negative EMF across the basolateral membrane of CF cells as compared with normal cells. Baseline resistances of the apical (Ra) and basolateral (Rb) membranes did not differ for normal and CF cells. 6. Estimates of the resistance of the paracellular path to ion flow (Rs) by equivalent circuit analysis or ion substitution detected no differences in Rs between CF and normal cells. 7. We conclude that abnormalities in both cellular Cl- permeability (reduced) and Na+ permeability (increased) are characteristic of the cultured CF respiratory epithelial cell. These data suggest that a defect in the regulation of apical membrane permeabilities is a central feature of this disease.
Modeling of the effects of surface-active elements on flow patterns and weld penetration

A mathematical model was developed to calculate the transient temperature and velocity distributions in a stationary gas tungsten arc (GTA) weld pool of 304 stainless steels with different sulfur concentrations. A parametric study showed that, depending upon the sulfur concentration, one, two, or three vortexes may be found in the weld pool. These vortexes are caused by the interaction between the electromagnetic force and surface tension, which is a function of temperature and sulfur concentration, and have a significant effect on weld penetration. For given welding conditions, a minimum threshold sulfur concentration is required to create a single, clockwise vortex for deep penetration. When two metals with different sulfur concentrations are welded together, the weld-pool shape is skewed toward the metal with a lower sulfur content. Detailed physical insights on complicated fluid-flow phenomena and the resulting weld-pool penetration were obtained, based on the surface tension-temperature-sulfur concentration relationships.
Adaptive resource allocation in telecommunications

This paper looks at the general problem of resource allocation in telecommunication networks. It gives an overview of the problem and argues for adaptive methods in the complex telecommunication environment. In particular it discusses a general methodology known as reinforcement learning. The paper presents two examples--admission control in packet data networks, and battery management for mobile communication.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Developing a Symptom Validity Test for posttraumatic stress disorder: application of the binomial distribution

The past decade has witnessed a significant increase in research on the detection of malingered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in civil litigation, other disability pension contexts, and in forensic cases. This article reviews the basic principles and statistical procedures that can be used to design and develop a Symptom Validity Test (SVT) for PTSD. We demonstrate how the practical application of the binomial distribution can detect response bias in specific psychiatric disorders such as PTSD and can provide empirically grounded probabilistic evidence of malingering. We cite the Morel Emotional Numbing Test for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (MENT) as an example.
FLAWED PRODUCTS: CONSUMER RESPONSES AND MARKETER STRATEGIES

In a story called “The Birthmark,” Nathaniel Hawthorne tells about an extraordinarily lovely woman whose beauty was perfect except for a small birthmark on her cheek. This flaw would not have mattered if found on the face of an ordinary woman, but because of this woman's near perfection, the birthmark could never be ignored. Her husband, a brilliant natural scientist, grieved over the one imperfection and took up research to discover a cure. He finally developed a potion and the birthmark began to disappear. At the moment when the birthmark completely vanished from her skin and she was perfect, she died.
Trends in 2,3,7,8‐TCDD concentrations in fish tissues downstream of pulp mills bleaching with chlorine

Field measurements of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) concentrations in fish tissues from riverine environments impacted by treated pulp and paper industry effluent in the United States were analyzed. Data from 39 sites in 14 states across the four major U.S. paper-making regions were assembled and analyzed to determine the annual change in lipid-normalized concentrations of TCDD in fish tissue. The results provide strong evidence of a nationwide trend of decreasing lipid-normalized TCDD concentrations in fish tissue, with 84% of the examined sites showing a decrease. While the paucity of data currently limits any conclusions regarding the statistical significance at individual sites, the overall median rate calculated indicates a 0.36 annual fractional decrease in lipid-normalized concentrations of TCDD in fish tissue (0.18 to 0.51, 95% confidence interval); the average annual fractional decrease was 0.35 (0.23 to 0.47, 95% confidence interval). Subdividing fish into benthic and nonbenthic categories resulted in rates which were not significantly different from one another for both the median and mean statistics.
Solubility of Polystyrene in Certain Vegetable Oils, Essential Oils and Their Constituents

Certain food items have been shown to be incompatible with the expanded polystyrene used for the manufacture of food containers. Using t14C polystyrene (synthesized in such a way as to approximate the structure of commercial polystyrene), it was determined that this incompatibility was due, in part, to the dissolution of polystyrene by certain essential oils. Citronella, limonene and terpinene (constituents of many flavor oils) were found to be excellent solvents for polystyrene, solubilizing almost half a gram per gram of solvent at room temperature.
Role of plasticity in heat generation during high rate deformation and fracture of polycarbonate

Abstract The role of plastic deformation in generating heat during dynamic compression and fracture of polycarbonate was examined in a combined experimental and numerical investigation. Split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments and opening mode dynamic fracture experiments were performed to measure the thermomechanical response of polycarbonate at various loading conditions. A companion set of dynamic, thermomechanically coupled explicit finite element simulations of the tested geometries was performed to isolate the temperature increase of the polymer due to plasticity effects only, and these were then compared to the experiments to identify the role of plasticity in the overall heating of the polymer. Temperature measurements during the experiments were made with a remote sensing technique that utilizes the detection of infrared radiation. Polycarbonate was observed to have a rate dependent yield and plastic deformation response under uniaxial compression. For the strain rates tested in the SHPB experiments (400 to 3000 s−1), the fraction of plastic work rate converted to heat was found to be approximately 0.5. The dynamic fracture experiments indicated that the maximum temperature increase in the region surrounding the propagating crack was over 100 K, and the crack tip velocity was limited to approximately 60% of the Rayleigh wave speed. The numerical simulations used the plastic behavior of polycarbonate observed during the compression SHPB experiments as inputs for an incremental plasticity model that uses a rate dependent Mises yield surface and isotropic hardening. Plastic deformation was the only source of material heating in the simulations. Good agreement between the SHPB experiments and the numerical simulations was seen for both stress and temperature during the compression event. Crack growth during the dynamic fracture simulations was imposed by a manual node release technique that duplicated the crack growth speed observed in the experiments. The dynamic fracture simulations which only included the thermoplastic effect significantly under-predicted the temperature increase in the region surrounding the propagating crack. The results indicate that plastic deformation is not the dominating source of heat generation during the dynamic fracture of polycarbonate, it only accounts for about 8% of the measured heating. Additional effects, such as thermofracture coupling, must be considered in the simulations if a more accurate comparison is to be made with experiments.
Method for the calculation of the quantity of displacing agent sorbed by zeolite in the production of liquid paraffins

The method of calculation presented here was tested on commerical units for the adsorptive recovery of paraffins. The degree of utilization of the zeolite was found to be 0.297, as calculated on the basis of an exit curve taken for adsorption of n-paraffins by CaA zeolite. The mean temperatures of the zeolite bed at the end of the adsorption and desorption stages were found to be 370 degrees and 390 degrees C, respectively. The calculated results are in satisfactory agreement with the actual data.
Multiprocessor optical bus

In this presentation the requirements of a free-space optical bus for connecting electronic processors at the multichip module and board levels of interconnection are discussed. Experimental results for holographic elements suitable for beam division polarization switching and guided propagation are also described. The talk will conclude with an overview of CAD methods needed to incorporate these components into a bus system.
Left Atrial Ganglion Ablation as an Adjunct to Atrial Fibrillation Surgery in Valvular Heart Disease

Background Our aim was to evaluate early results of ganglionic plexus (GP) ablation with modified Cox maze lesion sets for concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) during corrective valve surgery. Methods Between December 2006 and April 2008, 20 patients (7 men; median age, 65 years; range, 52 to 82 years) with valvular heart disease and AF (intermittent in 12 [60%]) underwent corrective valve surgery with maze and GP ablation. Patients were then compared with a case-matched control cohort who underwent radiofrequency ablation maze alone. Results Procedures included mitral valve repair in 7 patients (35%), multivalve procedures in 5 (25%), mitral valve replacement in 4 (20%), aortic valve replacement in 3 (15%), and valve-sparing aortic root replacement in 1 (5%). All patients underwent concomitant AF ablation procedures (biatrial maze in 11 [55%], left-sided maze in 9 [45%]). Ganglionic plexus stimulation was performed in all patients. Sites at which the R-R interval doubled were considered active and were ablated. There were no early deaths. Freedom from AF at 1 year was significantly higher (90% versus 50%; p = 0.01) and mean New York Heart Association functional class was better (1 versus 1.7; p Conclusions Active left atrial GP are frequently present in patients with AF and valvular heart disease, and GP ablation can be safely performed as an adjunct to AF ablation during valve surgery. Early results are promising and may yield higher freedom from AF compared with radiofrequency ablation maze alone.
Adaptive use of research aircraft data sets for hurricane forecasts

This study uses an adaptive observational strategy for hurricane forecasting. It shows the impacts of Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) and dropsonde data sets from Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX) field campaigns on hurricane track and intensity forecasts. The following cases are used in this study: Bonnie, Danielle and Georges of 1998 and Erin, Gabrielle and Humberto of 2001. A single model run for each storm is carried out using the Florida State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM) with the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis as initial conditions, in addition to 50 other model runs where the analysis is randomly perturbed for each storm. The centers of maximum variance of the DLM heights are located from the forecast error variance fields at the 84-hr forecast. Back correlations are then performed using the centers of these maximum variances and the fields at the 36-hr forecast. The regions having the highest correlations in the vicinity of the hurricanes are indicative of regions from where the error growth emanates and suggests the need for additional observations. Data sets are next assimilated in those areas that contain high correlations. Forecasts are computed using the new initial conditions for the storm cases, and track and intensity skills are then examined with respect to the control forecast. The adaptive strategy is capable of identifying sensitive areas where additional observations can help in reducing the hurricane track forecast errors. A reduction of position error by approximately 52% for day 3 of forecast (averaged over 7 storm cases) over the control runs is observed. The intensity forecast shows only a slight positive impact due to the model’s coarse resolution.
Ultrasonic decrosslinking of crosslinked high-density polyethylene: effect of degree of crosslinking

Decrosslinking of peroxide crosslinked high-density polyethylene (XHDPE) of different degrees of crosslinking by means of an ultrasonic single-screw extruder (SSE) is investigated. Barrel pressure and ultrasonic power consumption during extrusion are recorded. Swelling tests, rheological tests, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and tensile tests are used to elucidate the structure–property relationship of decrosslinked XHDPE. It was found that a more intensive rupture of the crosslinked network occurs in XHDPE of a higher degree of crosslinking. Analysis based on the Horikx function shows that the type of preferential bond breakage during decrosslinking of XHDPE of various degrees of crosslinking is not determined by the bond energy alone but is also influenced by structural characteristics of the network. The activation energy of viscous flow of sols extracted from various decrosslinked XHDPEs supports the analysis based on the Horikx function. The dynamic, thermal and tensile properties of the decrosslinked XHDPE are greatly affected by the type of preferential bond breakage. A significant improvement in the processability and mechanical properties of decrosslinked 2% peroxide cured XHDPE is achieved due to the occurrence of a highly preferential breakage of crosslinks during ultrasonic decrosslinking.
A New Technique for the Study of Left Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relations in Man

Study of left ventricular pressure-volume relations in man has been limited by technical problems associated with left ventricular angiography. A new approach to this problem using simultaneous recording of left ventricular pressure and left ventricular volume (determined by echocardiography) was applied in 21 patients. Pressure-volume plots, constructed from pressure and volume values sampled at 20 or 40 msec intervals, had characteristic shapes for the states studied: normal, pressure overload, volume overload, and myocardial disease. These curves closely resembled pressure-volume plots previously determined by others from quantitative angiography. The area inscribed by these plots was integrated to calculate left ventricular stroke work. Left ventricular stroke work index (gram-meters/m2) was in the range previously reported for the various states; normal-41 ± 12, pressure overload-102 ± 14, volume overload-136 ± 36, myocardial disease-65 ± 19. Inspection of the pressure-volume plots allowed assessment...
The stress field for a screw dislocation near cavities and straight boundaries

The stress distribution and dislocation forces for screw dislocations near cavities and straight boundaries are examined, depending on the selected cut used to impose a displacement discontinuity and create a dislocation. The location of the equilibrium dislocation position is determined in each considered case. The slip-induced stress amplification in thin ligaments between a cavity and a straight boundary, between the inner and outer surface of an eccentric hollow cylinder, and between two approaching cavities in an infinite medium are calculated. It is shown that in the limit of vanishingly small ligament width d , the shearing stress amplifies at the order of d 1/2 .
A programmable analog subthreshold biomimetic model for bi-directional communication with the brain

In this paper, we present a hardware implementation of a second order Laguerre Expansion of Volterra Kernel (LEV) model with four basis functions. The model is versatile enough to be applied at different abstraction levels (synapse, neuron, or network of neurons) and is implemented with analog building blocks in a modular manner. These analog blocks, realized using low power subthreshold CMOS transistors, can serve as a basis for large-scale hardware systems that emulate multi-input multi-output (MIMO) spike transformations in populations of neurons. The normalized mean square error between the signals produced by the circuit LEV implementation and the ideal LEV model is 8.15%. The total power consumption of the analog circuitry is less than 33nW.
Cholinesterase Inhibitor Adjunctive Therapy for Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults with Depression

Objective:To review the primary literature regarding the use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) as adjunctive therapy for cognitive enhancement and improvement of depressive symptoms for older adults with depression.Data Sources:A literature search of MEDLINE (1950-September 2011) was conducted, using the search term depression in combination with cholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine. A search of reference citations was conducted to identify additional references.Study Selection and Data Extraction:English-language clinical trials were evaluated. Studies that included subjects with Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson disease, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia were excluded. Four clinical studies met our criteria,Data Synthesis:We identified 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that ranged in sample size from 20 to 130. Galantamine 16 mg daily was evaluated in 2 trials lasting 8 and 24 weeks. Neither study found a statistically significant difference in...
Beyond laterality: a critical assessment of research on the neural basis of metaphor.

Metaphors are a fundamental aspect of human cognition. The major neuropsychological hypothesis that metaphoric processing relies primarily on the right hemisphere is not confirmed consistently. We propose ways to advance our understanding of the neuropsychology of metaphor that go beyond simple laterality. Neuropsychological studies need to more carefully control confounding lexical and sentential factors, and consider the role of different parts of speech as they are extended metaphorically. They need to incorporate recent theoretical frameworks such as the career of metaphor theory, and address factors such as novelty. We also advocate the use of new methods such as voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping, which permits precise and formal tests of hypotheses correlating behavior with lesions sites. Finally, we outline a plausible model for the neural basis of metaphor.
Does hydrological fragmentation affect coastal bird communities? A study from Abaco Island, The Bahamas

Habitat fragmentation represents one of the most important threats to biodiversity. Fragmentation of aquatic ecosystems is pervasive, fundamentally altering aquatic community structure and ecosystem function on a worldwide scale. Because of the many ecological changes associated with hydrologic fragmentation of coastal wetlands, there may be cascading effects on non-aquatic organisms. Here we explored if anthropogenic fragmentation of tidal creek wetlands on Abaco Island, The Bahamas, affected bird communities. By comparing fragmented and unfragmented sections of nine separate tidal creeks, we tested whether fragmentation of coastal wetlands (due to roads) affected the richness, abundance, and composition of wetland bird assemblages. Although bird communities significantly differed among tidal creeks (irrespective of fragmentation status), and water salinity was positively correlated with species richness and abundance of wetland-associated birds, we found no significant differences in bird communities between fragmented and unfragmented sections of wetlands. Our findings suggest fragmented portions of tidal creek wetlands support avian communities relatively similar to their unfragmented counterparts, despite a range of differences in environmental features. These results indicate that other ecological factors (i.e., salinity) may be more important than fragmentation per se in affecting bird utilization of wetland habitats in The Bahamas.
Multi-robot active target tracking with distance and bearing observations

In this paper, we study the problem of optimal trajectory generation for a team of mobile robots tracking a moving target using distance and bearing measurements. Contrary to previous approaches, we explicitly consider limits on the robots' speed and impose constraints on the minimum distance at which the robots are allowed to approach the target. We first address the case of a single sensor and show that although this problem is non-convex with non-convex constraints, in general, its optimal solution can be determined analytically. Moreover, we extend this approach to the case of multiple sensors and propose an iterative algorithm, Gauss-Seidel-relaxation (GSR), for determining the set of feasible locations that each sensor should move to in order to minimize the uncertainty about the position of the target. Extensive simulation results are presented demonstrating that the performance of the GSR algorithm, whose computational complexity is linear in the number of sensors, is indistinguishable of that of a grid-based exhaustive search, with cost exponential in the number of sensors, and significantly better than that of a random, towards the target, motion strategy.
Bioenergetic components of reproductive effort in viviparous snakes: costs of vitellogenesis exceed costs of pregnancy.

article i nfo Reproductive effort has been defined as the proportion of an organism's energy budget that is allocated to re- production over a biologically meaningful time period. Historically, studies of reproductive bioenergetics considered energy content of gametes, but not costs of gamete production. Although metabolic costs of vitel- logenesis (MCV) fundamentally reflect the primary bioenergetic cost of reproductive allocation in female reptiles, the few investigations that have considered costs of reproductive allocation have focused on meta- bolic costs of pregnancy (MCP) in viviparous species. We define MCP as energetic costs incurred by pregnant females, including all costs of maintaining gestation conditions necessary for embryogenesis. MCP by our def- inition do not include fetal costs of embryogenesis. We measured metabolic rates in five species of viviparous snakes (Agkistrodon contortrix, Boa constrictor, Eryx colubrinus, Nerodia sipedon, and Thamnophis sirtalis) dur- ing vitellogenesis and pregnancy in order to estimate MCV and MCP. Across all species, MCV were responsible for 30% increases in maternal metabolism. Phylogenetically-independent contrasts showed that MCV were significantly greater in B. constrictor than in other species, likely because B. constrictor yolk energy content was greater than that of other species. Estimates of MCP were not significantly different from zero in any spe- cies. In viviparous snakes, MCV appear to represent significant bioenergetic expenditures, while MCP do not. We suggest that MCV, together with yolk energy content, represent the most significant component of rep- tilian reproductive effort, and therefore deserve greater attention than MCP in studies of reptilian reproduc- tive bioenergetics.
An interdisciplinary solar energy project

An HVAC course, previously offered to students in Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET), has been re-structured to include students in Building Construction Management (BCM). A large project is always an integral part of this course, creating a unique opportunity for collaboration between two distinctly different groups of Technology students. This cooperation is particularly beneficial because MET and BCM graduates frequently cross paths during their professional careers. Many MET graduates operate and service heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment that was originally specified and installed by BCM graduates. This paper discusses and evaluates strident interactions during a solar energy renovation project that was completed in the Spring of 1996.
Relationships between personality disorder attributes and friendship qualities among college students

Personality disorder trait predictors of the quality and durability of close personal friendships have rarely been examined in the literature. Links between Acquaintance Description Form (ADF-F2) friendship qualities and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II) personality disorder attributes were explored in this study of 363 college students. Passive-Aggressive, Avoidant, Schizotypal, Sadistic-Aggressive, Antisocial, Borderline, and Self-Defeating features were most closely associated with friendship insecurity. Participants exhibiting Passive-Aggressive, Self-Defeating and Borderline features tended to view their closest friendship as being more strongly influenced by external social forces. Passive-Aggressive scores and Personal Maintenance Difficulty were positively related. Histrionic traits were associated with descriptions of the closest friend as affirming and useful in utilitarian value. Sex differences were minimal in the prediction of relationship qualities using the MCMI-II personality ...
Kullback-Leibler distances for quantifying clutter and models

We examine metrics for measuring clutter effectiveness on model-based automatic target recognition (ATR) systems with forwardlooking infrared (FLIR) sensors. The measure for clutter effectiveness proposed is the difference of two Kullback-Leibler distances between the idealized approximate probabilistic models without clutter and the real model containing clutter. We establish that occluding objects and clutter, when manipulated, do not present a fundamental challenge to model- based ATR systems if the model manipulated is an accurate representation of the obscuring clutter. However, if the obscurer is not manipulated, performance degrades in cases where the obscurer is an ''effective clutterer. To quantify the effect of clutter in ATR, estimation and detection problems are considered for rigid ground-based targets. For estimating the orientation of a vehicle, the Hilbert-Schmidt distance is employed.
Sample size calculations for evaluating a diagnostic test when the gold standard is missing at random

Performance of a diagnostic test is ideally evaluated by a comparison of the test results to a gold standard for all the patients in a study. In practice, however, it is common for a subset of study patients to have the gold standard not verified (missing) due to ethical or expense considerations. Sensitivity and specificity are often used as the relevant test performance measures and a joint confidence region (CR) for sensitivity and specificity can summarize the precision of estimates. In this paper, we present an approach to sample size computations when designing a study in which the gold standard is considered to be missing at random (MAR). We calculate the needed increase in sample size to ensure that the joint CR under MAR falls inside the boundaries of the joint CR derived for data with no missingness present.
Regulation and Deregulation after 25 Years: Lessons Learned for Research in Industrial Organization

This paper is based on a keynote address given at the 2004 International Industrial Organization Conference in Chicago, April 2004. I draw selectively on the literature from the past 25 years on regulation/deregulation to provide important lessons about the attributes of good research in empirical industrial organization.
MIMO Transmission with Rank Adaptation for Multi-Gigabit 60GHz Wireless

In this paper, we propose a practical and systematic approach to implement the MIMO transmission with rank adaptation for 60 GHz systems. In the 60 GHz system with multiple antennas, the transmit and receive (Tx-Rx) antenna arrays are grouped into a number of subarrays with a predetermined subarray separation based on the derived geometrical criteria of creating high rank MIMO in LoS environments. We first apply an enhanced blind beamforming technique based on a stochastic gradient algorithm (SGA) for the inner-subarray antennas, which does not require channel state information (CSI) at either the transmitter or the receiver. Secondly, the composite MIMO channel, as a joint effect of Tx-Rx beamforming and the channel impulse response, can be estimated with much reduced complexity. Finally, the MIMO transmission with rank adaptation is performed by adaptively selecting the better scheme out of the high-rank spatial multiplexing and the rank-1 beamforming whichever gives higher system throughput. Simulation results show that high-rank spatial multiplexing and rank-1 beamforming outperform each other at different geometrical placements and transmit power settings. The proposed MIMO transmission with rank adaptation offers significant performance gain especially at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions.
Mayan Language Revival and Revitalization Politics: Linguists and Linguistic Ideologies

Although spoken by a relatively large population, Mayan languages show signs of language shift and loss because the children in some of the speech communities are no longer learning the language. At the same time, Mayas are participating in a movement of cultural reaffirmation, a principle focus of which is language. Maya linguists are central in formulating and reshaping language ideologies to further the goals of revitalization, and they play a significant role in cultural/linguistic activism. This article shows the extent of the contribution of linguistics to Mayan language vitality through an analysis of language ideologies and how they have been reformulated by Maya linguists, and by a review of an apparently successful attempt at reversing language loss that has arisen through an integrated community-based program of cultural revitalization that centers, to a large extent, on language and makes specific use of linguistics. [Keywords: language shift, language ideologies, language revitalization, Mayan languages, Maya movement]
Standard error estimation for mixed flood distributions with historic maxima

Flood frequency data from multiple sources can be modeled using finite mixture models of stationary distributions. Historic flood data can be incorporated into this framework using censored data methods. Most estimation methods treat historical flood records as typical realizations from the underlying distribution, although they can actually represent extrema. A review of these methods in a finite mixture framework and introduction of an approach that treats historical maxima as order statistics are presented as adaptations of an expectation conditional maximization algorithm to derive estimates for the finite mixture model. When information matrices are difficult to computse, Meilijson's (1989) score-based approximation is used instead. The total derivative method is used to compute standard errors for low-frequency quantiles for both traditional censored data methods and the new approach. The method is demonstrated on annual peak flow data using mixtures of lognormal and Gumbel distributions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A wide-band omnidirectional vertical shaped-beam collinear array

The electrical and physical characteristics of a shaped-beam vertical collinear array antenna are described. The array was designed for operation in two principal 20-MHz bands centered at approximately 1227 and 1575 MHz. The patterns are omnidirectional in azimuth and shaped to provide near-constant gain coverage in the elevation sector from 5\deg to 30\deg . Measured voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), gain, and pattern characteristics are presented.
Child-Centered Classroom Management

Teachers who are child centered focus on building empathy, responsibility, and prosocial behaviors in children. In child-centered classroom management, teachers intentionally communicate to children that they are fully accepted as they are and capable of directing their own behavior. Thus, children are allowed to find their own strengths, make choices for themselves, and accept the consequences of their choices. In this article, the authors present a rationale for elementary classroom teachers to become more child centered in their day-to-day interactions with students. A case vignette is included to illustrate child-centered classroom management.
Acute Contact Toxicity of Oxalic Acid to Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) and Their Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Hosts in Laboratory Bioassays

Laboratory bioassays were performed to characterize the acute contact toxicity of oxalic acid (OA) to Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) and their honey bee hosts (Apis mellifera L.). Specifically, glass-vial residual bioassays were conducted to determine the lethal concentration of OA for V. destructor, and topical applications of OA in acetone were conducted to determine the lethal dose for honey bees. The results indicate that OA has a low acute toxicity to honey bees and a high acute toxicity to mites. The toxicity data will help guide scientists in delivering optimum dosages of OA to the parasite and its host, and will be useful in making treatment recommendations. The data will also facilitate future comparisons of toxicity if mite resistance to OA becomes evident.
Metabolic hyperemia is reduced in adult vs. immature guinea pig hearts

We have previously shown that maturation is associated with decreased maximum coronary flow (CF) elicited pharmacologically or by transient coronary occlusion (Toma, B.S., R.D. Wangler, D.F. DeWitt, and H.V. Sparks. Circ Res. 57: 538-544, 1985). The present study examines the influence of maturation on CF and adenosine release (RADO) during increased myocardial metabolism. Langendorff-perfused hearts from 1- (immature) and 18- (adult) mo-old guinea pigs were given norepinephrine to increase myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). CF, oxygen delivery, and venous oxygen tension were significantly lower in the 18-mo-old group for a given MVO2, before and during norepinephrine infusion. Administration of the selective beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, or infusion of norepinephrine during alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine did not significantly increase CF more than norepinephrine at an equivalent MVO2. RADO, relative to MVO2, was greater in 18-mo-old hearts (vs. 1-mo) during norepinephrine infusion. We conclude that in isolated perfused nonworking hearts 1) myocardial metabolic hyperemia decreases during maturation; 2) the observed flow decrement is not the result of increasing alpha-adrenergic activity during maturation; and 3) the flow decrement results in a reduced oxygen supply-to-demand ratio and an increased RADO.
Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy of single neurons under hypotonic perturbation

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characteristics of water in perfused single neurons undergoing a 20% hypotonic perturbation were examined quantitatively using NMR microscopy. The transverse relaxation times (T2) in the cytoplasm and nucleus increased by 24.0 +/- 8.5% (average +/- SE, n = 8) and 29.7 +/- 5.3% (n = 6), respectively, whereas the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) showed no significant change. These findings are consistent with the behaviors of a perfect osmometer and with accepted molecular relaxation and diffusion models and have significant impacts on current views of properties of cellular water. Furthermore, the results suggest that the increase of tissue intracellular-to-extracellular volume ratio during cell swelling is the predominant mechanism underlying the ADC reduction in acute brain ischemia. These data are the first direct quantitative measurements of the NMR characteristics of water in the cytoplasm and nucleus of single cells undergoing physiological perturbations and may lead to an improved diagnostic capability for NMR imaging in a variety of disease states.
Chapter 20 – Hh blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Hh blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the Hh blood group system are also reviewed. H antigen is not the primary gene product. The FUT1 product, a fucosyltransferase, attaches a fucose to galactose on type 2 carbohydrate chains attached to proteins or lipids. The immunodominant fucose is the H antigen, which is the precursor of A and B antigens. The function and disease association of the Hh blood group system is also discussed. Fucosylated glycans that are the products of FUT1 and FUT2 may serve as ligands in cell adhesion or as receptors for certain microorganisms. Children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LADII) have mental retardation and severe recurrent infections with a high white blood cell count and their RBCs are H–. The molecular basis of H-deficient phenotypes due to mutations in FUT1 is also discussed.
How positive processes function in negative relationships: Dispositional gratitude moderates the association between affective need and frequency of dating violence victimization

Evidence indicates that dispositional gratitude may improve romantic relationships by reinforcing positive emotions between partners and by increasing awareness of affective needs, such as receiving emotional support, nurturance, and reassurance. However, little research has investigated the influence of gratitude on relationships characterized by violence. In the present study, participants (N = 421) completed a cross-sectional survey of experiences with dating violence, dispositional gratitude, and affective need. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Among individuals with lower rates of dispositional gratitude, higher levels of affective need were associated with lower frequency of dating violence victimization. However, among individuals with higher rates of dispositional gratitude, there was no evidence to suggest an association between affective need and frequency of victimization. These preliminary findings compel further investigation of how positive processes impact the perceive...
When Genius Errs: R. A. Fisher and the Lung Cancer Controversy

R.A. Fisher's work on lung cancer and smoking is critically reviewed. The controversy is placed in the context of his career and personality. Although Fisher made invaluable contributions to the field of statistics, his analysis of the causal association between lung cancer and smoking was flawed by an unwillingness to examine the entire body of data available and prematurely drawn conclusions. His views may also have been influenced by personal and professional conflicts, by his work as a consultant to the tobacco industry, and by the fact that he was himself a smoker.
Parent versus child report of young children’s parasocial relationships in the United States

AbstractThis study examines parent perceptions of their young children’s one-sided, emotionally tinged relationships with media characters, also known as parasocial relationships (PSR). Prior research has collected data on young children’s PSR by surveying parents, while other studies have relied directly on child interview. The current study is the first to compare children’s answers to those of their parents. Factor analyses revealed that parents and children both reported three components of children’s PSR: social realism, attachment and character personification (parents) or attachment and friendship (for their children), and humanlike needs. Both parent and child reports accounted for approximately 60% of the variance in children’s PSR. Nonetheless, only approximately one-third of parents and children reported on the same favorite character. The implications for research on children’s PSR using both parent and child reports are discussed.
Sanitary Conditions of Infant Swimming Places in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

[Objective] To investigate the sanitary conditions of infant swimming places in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. [Methods] A questionnaire survey on general information, facilities, and sanitary management was conducted in 65 infant swimming places in Pudong New Area in 2013. We selected 19 out of 65 infant swimming plances as sentinels by stratified random sampling to monitor air quality, water quality, and surface sanitary status. [Results] The median size of infant swimming places was 30.0 m2(7-150 m2); the average number of small pools(for 1 person) was 4(1-20); 39 natatoriums(60.0%) had large pools(for several persons). The materials of swimming pools(barrels) were mainly acrylic(41/65, 63.1%) and glass(12/65, 18.5%). There were 50 natatoriums(76.9%) using touch-tone for drain pipe and 15(23.1%) using grilles; besides, 45(69.2%) natatoriums were installed with connected drain pipes. There were differences in relative humidity between off season(from July to October) and peak season(from December to March)(t=-3.484, P 0.05), while no differences were found in average carbon dioxide, total bacteria, or coliform bacteria rates of swimming pool water between off season and peak season(t=-1.454, χ2=0.004, χ2=0.058, all P 0.05). The qualification rate of surface santitary was 53.4% and showed no significant differences among hospital affiliated, mother-andchild brand affiliated, franchising, and private natatoriums(χ2=5.394, P 0.05). However, the qualification rate of surface sanitary showed significant differences among tables, life savers, toys, towels, and other types(χ2=10.399, P 0.05), with highest in towels(69.7%) and lowest in life savers(42.9%). [Conclusion] The findings indicate low qualification rates of surface sanitary in infant swimming places in Pudong New Area. Health authorities should make relevant supervision standards.
Application and Development of Tool Management in Automobile Industry

The new characteristic of tool development and application in automobile industry are introduced. The important influence of tool and tool management on the productivity and manufacture cost is analyzed. Current status and development of tool management in automobile industry are studied. The new requirements and direction on tool management to meet development of flexible and mass production and application of new technology in automobile industry are put forward.
Emergent airway management in the labor and delivery suite.

Abstract Introduction Congenital airway obstruction is of varied etiology and uncommonly encountered. Prenatal care and imaging have enhanced detection of these abnormalities and allow for multi-disciplinary care planning for airway management at delivery. Despite the availability and advances in prenatal imaging, unanticipated airway obstruction may not be identified until the time of delivery. Methods Case series. Results Four airway emergencies were encountered in the labor and delivery suite over an eight-month period. Clinical history is correlated with autopsy findings. Congenital upper airway and laryngotracheal anomalies are reviewed. Recommendations to improve timely and efficient airway management in the labor and delivery suite are discussed and a protocol for a multi-disciplinary neonatal emergency airway response team is offered for consideration. Conclusions The development and implementation of a multi-disciplinary emergency newborn airway protocol is both realistic and feasible. While it did not improve survivability in our small group, it did reduce response time. It, or a protocol like it, is recommended for institutions caring for high-risk pregnancies and with Neonatal Intensive Care Units with high acuity patients.
On the "Face of Things"

Face is crucial for human identity, while face identification has become crucial to information security. It is important to understand and work with the problems and challenges for all different aspects of facial feature extraction and face identification. In this tutorial, we identify and discuss four research challenges in current Face Detection/Recognition research and related research areas: (1) Unavoidable Facial Feature Alterations, (2) Voluntary Facial Feature Alterations, (3) Uncontrolled Environments, and (4) Accuracy Control on Large-scale Dataset. We also direct several different applications (spin-offs) of facial feature studies in the tutorial.
A hybrid decomposition algorithm for designing a multi-modal transportation network under biomass supply uncertainty

Abstract This study presents a two-stage stochastic programming model for the design and management of a biomass co-firing supply chain network under feedstock supply uncertainty. To represent a more realistic case, we generate scenarios from prediction errors of the historical and forecasted biomass supply availabilities. We solve the model using a hybrid decomposition algorithm that combines Sample average approximation with an enhanced Progressive hedging algorithm. The proposed algorithm is validated via a real-world case study using data from Mississippi and Alabama. Computational results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of producing high quality solutions in a reasonable amount of time.
Design of a Miniature Hyperspectral Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer For Endoscopy

A miniature 15mm diameter by 35mm long imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for endoscopy is described. The design and positioning control are presented and a hyperspectral imaging experiment shows a spectral resolution of 4nm at 400nm.
On the Circulation of the South Atlantic Ocean

In a recent study (Reid, 1994) maps of the general circulation of the Atlantic Ocean were presented and discussed. The emphasis was placed upon the exchange of waters between the North and South Atlantic as indicated by the patterns of characteristics.
Who Should the Military Recruit? The Effects of Institutional, Occupational, and Self-Enhancement Enlistment Motives on Soldier Identification and Behavior

The U.S. military spends millions of dollars and substantial institutional effort to understand enlistment motives and appropriately target incentives, recruiting effort, and marketing to prospecti...