cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
M‐MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID FOR FELINE CARDIOMYOPATHY

Normal cats and cats with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were examined using M-mode echocardiography to determine its diagnostic capabilities. Sixteen normal cats were examined to verify previously reported data and to add further echocardiographic inforamtion (left atrial/aortic root ratio, left posterior wall thickness at end systole and end diastole, amplitude of mitral valve excursions, and velocity of valve opening and closure) to aid in differential diagnosis. Significant (p<0.05) changes were detected between the normal cats and those with cardiomyopathy. In each type of cardiomyopathy, alterations in left atrial dimension, left atrial/aortic root ratio, left ventricular dimension, left ventricular wall thickness and percentage of ventricular dimensional change were identified. Altered mitral valve motion was found with HCM. Echocardiography was found to be an accurate technique for definitive diagnosis of feline cardiomyopathy.
Information theory and economic growth models

Abstract Econometric use of information theory in dynamic models is briefly reviewed for both modelling and estimation purposes. As an example, two types of stochastic process models, one linear and the other logistic, are developed for application in economic growth models. These models are suitable for understanding the structure of the growth-inducing and growth-retarding effects of exports in the phenomenal economic growth in the newly industrializing countries of Asia over the last two decades.
Quantitative ion chromatography with an ultraviolet absorbance detector without standards

Abstract Samples of ions are studied by non-suppressed ion chromatography and an ultraviolet absorbance detector. When two eluents of similar properties but different absorptivities per normal concentration are used in succession, two distinct chromatograms are obtained for the same sample. This information can be used to predict the number of equivalents of each ion present, as well as its absorptivity. In conjunction with elution-time studies, molar concentrations can also be obtained. The procedure does not require knowledge of the identity or any physical properties of the ionic species, and is applicable to ions with arbitrary absorption strengths.
Structural studies of amorphous titanium diboride thin films by extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure and extended electron-energy-loss fine-structure techniques

The local atomic structure of amorphous titanium diboride thin films, prepared by electron-beam vaporization (EBV) of the crystalline compound onto liquid-nitrogen-cooled substrates, was studied using extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) and extended energy-loss fine-structure (EXELFS) techniques. From a comparison of the extended fine-structure spectra of the amorphous films with corresponding spectra of crystalline titanium diboride, accurate information was derived on the nature of the local structure, or short-range order, and on the coordination numbers, interatomic distances, and nanostructural atomic disorder in amorphous ${\mathrm{TiB}}_{2}$. A relaxation of the interatomic spacing and a reduction of coordination number for the nearest-neighbor atoms was inferred for the amorphous state. Local prismatic coordination with random 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} rotations about prismatic planes is proposed as a likely atomic structure consistent with the data for the amorphous form. Finally, EXAFS and EXELFS were employed to examine in detail the structural changes induced in amorphous ${\mathrm{TiB}}_{2}$ by variations in the EBV deposition parameters, and to determine a set of optimized parameters for the EBV deposition of a ${\mathrm{TiB}}_{2}$ stable amorphous phase.
Thirty years later: an oncologist reflects on Kubler-Ross's work.

Doctor: We are here with a peculiar request. Chaplain N. and I are working with a group of people from the hospital who are trying to learn more about very sick and dying patients. I wonder if you ...
Cognitive balance, primary groups, and the patient‐therapist relationship

The relationship between a patient and his psychotherapist is, in its ideal form, unique among the various interpersonal relationships studied by social psychologists. By combining the theory of cognitive balance with an analysis of the social aspects of the neurotic's problem one can gain insights into this relationship and into the nature of the therapeutic process itself. This paper reviews the contribution of balance theory to the understanding of psychological conflict.
The HEAO-1 soft X-ray survey of cataclysmic variable stars

A survey of the soft X-ray emission from 206 cataclysmic variable stars, including dwarf novae in optically quiescent states, classical novae, recurrent novae, nova-like objects and polars, is reported. This is an extension of a previous survey of dwarf novae in outbursts by Cordova et al. (1980). The number of surveyed stars that correspond to features greater than 2 sigma is not in excess of the number of chance coincidences expected on the basis of a random sample of positions distributed over the entire sky. While a few cataclysmic variables have been previously identified as X-ray sources, the results of this survey imply that cataclysmic variables as a class must be, at best, low-luminosity X-ray sources with fluxes below the HEAO-1 A2 detector's sensitivity limit of a few times 10 to the -11th erg/sq cm-s in the energy range 0.1-3 keV. The X-ray luminosities of the cataclysmic variables are consistent with predictions from disk accretion models, provided that a wide range of accretion rates apply.
A Conserved Interaction between the SDI Domain of Bre2 and the Dpy-30 Domain of Sdc1 Is Required for Histone Methylation and Gene Expression

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4) is methylated by the Set1 complex (Set1C or COMPASS). Besides the catalytic Set1 subunit, several proteins that form the Set1C (Swd1, Swd2, Swd3, Spp1, Bre2, and Sdc1) are also needed to mediate proper H3K4 methylation. Until this study, it has been unclear how individual Set1C members interact and how this interaction may impact histone methylation and gene expression. In this study, Bre2 and Sdc1 are shown to directly interact, and it is shown that the association of this heteromeric complex is needed for proper H3K4 methylation and gene expression to occur. Interestingly, mutational and biochemical analysis identified the C terminus of Bre2 as a critical protein-protein interaction domain that binds to the Dpy-30 domain of Sdc1. Using the human homologs of Bre2 and Sdc1, ASH2L and DPY-30, respectively, we demonstrate that the C terminus of ASH2L also interacts with the Dpy-30 domain of DPY-30, suggesting that this protein-protein interaction is maintained from yeast to humans. Because of the functionally conserved nature of the C terminus of Bre2 and ASH2L, this region was named the SDI (Sdc1 Dpy-30 interaction) domain. Finally, we show that the SDI-Dpy-30 domain interaction is physiologically important for the function of Set1 in vivo, because specific disruption of this interaction prevents Bre2 and Sdc1 association with Set1, resulting in H3K4 methylation defects and decreases in gene expression. Overall, these and other mechanistic studies on how H3K4 methyltransferase complexes function will likely provide insights into how human MLL and SET1-like complexes or overexpression of ASH2L leads to oncogenesis.
The addition of heteroatomic nucleophiles to dicarbonyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl(olefin)iron cations☆

Abstract The additions of a number of heteroatomic nucleophiles, including methanol, amines, phosphines, phosphites and thiols to dicarbonyl-η5-cyclopentadienyl(olefin)iron cations are reported. These reactions generally occur with high regio-specificity to monosubstituted olefin complexes, affording a single adduct. The thermal stability of the adducts depends on the nature of the nucleophile and of the olefin substituent. Addition of benzylamine, dimethylamine or trimethylamine to the propene complex takes place competitive with deprotonation of the olefin ligand. Factors affecting the regiospecificity of the reactions are considered.
Attention Allocation and Performance in Goal-Directed Reading: Age Difference in Reading Flexibility.

One hundred and seventeen fourth-grade, sixth-grade, and college-age students studied stories with two different sets of instructions. One set of instructions asked the students to read carefully (control condi- tion); the other set of instructions directed the students to prepare to an- swer previously-memorized assigned questions (question-cued treatment condition). Viewing times were recorded for story segments both relevant and irrelevant to the assigned questions. Students were then asked to re- spond to the assigned (relevant) and unassigned (irrelevant) questions. All age groups in the question-cued treatment condition were similar in spend- ing more time on the segments containing answers to assigned questions; however, only sixth-grade and college-age readers in the question-cued treatment condition recalled significantly more relevant than irrelevant in- formation. The results suggest that an age change in the differential reten- tion of relevant and irrelevant information, when questions are known be- forehand, is not necessarily contingent upon a similar age change in atten- tion allocation, as measured by the recorded viewing time. These results are interpreted as supporting developmental differences in the ability to effectively engage in purposive processing, a metacognitive skill. The mature reader has been depicted as an adaptable, versatile infor- mation processor; he or she exerts some degree of active conscious control over the complex cognitive skills involved in reading activities (Gibson & Levin, 1975). In general, older and better readers seem more able to adapt their attentional and processing resources to the demands of each task (Eamon, 1978/1979; Grabe & Prentice, 1979; Sanders, 1973). A partial list
Estimation Method for Block II SSME Preburner Ignition Temperature Spikes

Analytical models are developed for the estimation of preburner ignition temperature spikes for the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), Block II configuration. The first model is devised as a means to discern the true temperature of the high pressure turbine discharge gases from the relatively slow-responding flight probe thermocouple data. The second model translates these temperatures at the turbine discharge to temperatures at the turbine inlet, within the preburner combustion chambers. The development of these two purely analytical models is then followed by further development within the realm of the empirical grounding of these models with available test data. And finally, the linked and grounded models are used to reconstruct the temperature spike data throughout SSME Block II testing history. Nomenclature Symbols cp Isobaric Specific heat h Heat transfer coefficient k Thermal conductivity m Mass flow rate t Time
Robust neural learning from unbalanced data samples

This paper describes the result of our study on neural learning to solve the classification problem in which the data is unbalanced and noisy. Our study was conducted on three different neural network architectures, multilayered back propagation, radial basis function, and fuzzy ARTMAP with training methods including duplicating minority class samples and the Snowball technique. Three major issues are addressed: neural learning from unbalanced data samples, neural learning from noise data, and making intentional biased decisions. The application considered in this study is classifying good(pass)/bad(fail) vehicles. Experiments are conducted on data samples downloaded directly from test sites of automobile assembly.
Identification of evolutionarily conserved, functional noncoding elements in the promoter region of the sodium channel gene SCN8A

SCN8A is a major neuronal sodium channel gene expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. Mutations of SCN8A result in movement disorders and impaired cognition. To investigate the basis for the tissue-specific expression of SCN8A, we located conserved, potentially regulatory sequences in the human, mouse, chicken, and fish genes by 5′ RACE of brain RNA and genomic sequence comparison. A highly conserved 5′ noncoding exon, exon 1c, is present in vertebrates from fish to mammals and appears to define the ancestral promoter region. The distance from exon 1c to the first coding exon increased tenfold during vertebrate evolution, largely by insertion of repetitive elements. The mammalian gene acquired three novel, mutually exclusive noncoding exons that are not represented in the lower vertebrates. Within the shared exon 1c, we identified four short sequence elements of 10-20 bp with an unusually high level of evolutionary conservation. The conserved elements are most similar to consensus sites for the transcription factors Pou6f1/Brn5, YY1, and REST/NRSF. Introduction of mutations into the predicted Pou6f1 and REST sites reduced promoter activity in transfected neuronal cells. A 470-bp promoter fragment containing all of the conserved elements directed brain-specific expression of the LacZ reporter in transgenic mice. Transgene expression was highest in hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, consistent with the expression of the endogenous gene. The compact cluster of conserved regulatory elements in SCN8A provides a useful target for molecular analysis of neuronal gene expression.
Statistical issues in reporting quality data: small samples and casemix variation

PURPOSE To present two key statistical issues that arise in analysis and reporting of quality data. SUMMARY Casemix variation is relevant to quality reporting when the units being measured have differing distributions of patient characteristics that also affect the quality outcome. When this is the case, adjustment using stratification or regression may be appropriate. Such adjustments may be controversial when the patient characteristic does not have an obvious relationship to the outcome. Stratified reporting poses problems for sample size and reporting format, but may be useful when casemix effects vary across units. Although there are no absolute standards of reliability, high reliabilities (interunit F > or = 10 or reliability > or = 0.9) are desirable for distinguishing above- and below-average units. When small or unequal sample sizes complicate reporting, precision may be improved using indirect estimation techniques that incorporate auxiliary information, and 'shrinkage' estimation can help to summarize the strength of evidence about units with small samples. CONCLUSIONS With broader understanding of casemix adjustment and methods for analyzing small samples, quality data can be analysed and reported more accurately.
Molecular Characterization of the Complete 23F Capsular Polysaccharide Locus of Streptococcus pneumoniae

The complete DNA sequence of the capsular locus 23F of Streptococcus pneumoniae is presented. The 18.6-kb cps23f locus is composed of 18 open reading frames flanked at the 5′ and 3′ ends by the genes dexB and aliA, an arrangement similar to those of some of the other identified cps loci.
Anion radicals of polyphenylsiloxanes

The anion radicals of a number of siloxanes bearing phenyl and methyl substituents have been prepared by metal reduction. The cleavage and reaction mechanisms of these radica s have been studied by ESR, and interpretations have been made regarding the structures of the radicals.
ODYSSEUS robot: the wheeled/legged version

The design and the major structural features of an autonomous walking-wheeled robot, called ODYSSEUS, are presented. The main parts of the ODYSSEUS autonomous robot are: a triangular platform with three independent, extending wheels, and three extending legs/arms; a digital magnetic compass based on a circular Grey code; a sonar system in an hexagonal configuration; a slope meter; a vision camera; and a distributed multiprocessor system for the control and the navigation of the robot. >
Endogenous Serratia marcescens Endophthalmitis with Dark Hypopyon: A Case Report and Review

A case of endogenous Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis in a patient with diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and an indwelling venous catheter is reported. The patient presented with a tan hypopyon and elevated intraocular pressure. Diagnosis was established by positive blood, vitreous, conjunctival, and catheter tip cultures. After a deteriorating course the eye was enucleated. Gross and histopathologic examination revealed the presence of a dark hypopyon with iris necrosis and pigment dispersion and possible spontaneous globe perforation. This is the eleventh reported case of endogenous Serratia endophthalmitis. Previous association of a pink hypopyon and of pigmented vitreous fluid and Serratia endophthalmitis has been reported. This is the first case of dark hypopyon in endogenous Serratia marcescens endophthalmitis reported in the medical literature. Previous entities associated with dark hypopyon have been limited to intraocular melanoma and Listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis. Dark hypopyon in the appropriate clinical setting may be useful in aiding diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
Skin sensitivity to streptomycin. III.

Abstract 1.1. Contact sensitivity to streptomycin and DHS may develop in those frequently handling the drugs if certain precautions are not taken. 2.2. Certain individuals do not become sensitized and others may lose their sensitivity by avoidance of contact. 3.3. The best treatment of the eruption, at present, seems to be with antihistamine drugs. 4.4. The dry test patches used are still effective after storage at room temperature for one year.
The Effect of Grouped versus Randomized Questionnaire Format on Scale Reliability and Validity: A Three-Study Investigation.

Three studies were conducted exploring the effects of two questionnaire formats (grouping versus randomized items) on internal consistency and test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and accuracy in respondent-provided descriptions. The results of these studies (two correlational, one experimental) were reasonably consistent in showing that neither format is clearly superior to the other on any of the examined psychometric properties, although a weak trend showed that the grouped item format produced slightly superior measurement properties. Over-all, the results did not support the usefulness of grouping question-naire items. Implications and future research directions are briefly discussed.
Pancreaticopleural Fistula Presenting as Right-Sided Hemothorax

Pancreaticopleural fistula represents a rare complication of pancreatitis. We report the case of a pancreaticopleural fistula presenting as recurrent right-sided hemothorax in a 43-year-old man. The patient was successfully treated with open surgical drainage and decortication, followed by octreotide, total parenteral nutrition, and stent placement in the pancreatic duct.
Quantum Entanglement, Bohmian Mechanics, and Humean Supervenience

David Lewis is a natural target for those who believe that findings in quantum physics threaten the tenability of traditional metaphysical reductionism. Such philosophers point to allegedly holistic entities they take both to be the subjects of some claims of quantum mechanics and to be incompatible with Lewisian metaphysics. According to one popular argument, the non-separability argument from quantum entanglement, any realist interpretation of quantum theory is straightforwardly inconsistent with the reductive conviction that the complete physical state of the world supervenes on the intrinsic properties of and spatio-temporal relations between its point-sized constituents. Here I defend Lewis's metaphysical doctrine, and traditional reductionism more generally, against this alleged threat from quantum holism. After presenting the non-separability argument from entanglement, I show that Bohmian mechanics, an interpretation of quantum mechanics explicitly recognized as a realist one by proponents of the ...
Adaptive (Neural Network) Control In Computer-Integrated-Manufacturing

In a highly distributed CIM (Computer-Integrate-Manufacturing) environment, adaptive control using neural network processors is proposed. First, neural network concepts are employed to represent and to model knowledge in robotics and automation application domains. Then, the model captured by a neural network emulator serves as the distributed and adaptive controller of a CIM environment.
Trichoptera from the Great Falls and Turkey Run units of the George Washington Memorial Parkway, Fairfax Co., Virginia, USA

A 3-year effort to collect and identify caddisflies (Trichoptera) along 2 sections of the Potomac River was undertaken at the request of the National Park Service. A variety of techniques including Malaise traps, light traps, and hand netting resulted in the collection of 105 species belonging to 17 families and 38 genera. Fifty-seven species or 54% were deemed rare, 20 species or 19% were common and 28 species or 27% were abundant. Comments are made on 7 species of special interest. An addendum lists 6 additional species collected during the 4th year’s survey.
CELL FATE DETERMINATION IN AN ANNELID EQUIVALENCE GROUP

In embryos of glossiphoniid leeches such as Helobdella triserialis and H. robusta, pairs of adjacent ‘o/p’ ectodermal blast cells are known to be developmentally equipotent and yet eventually contribute distinct sets of ‘O’ and ‘P’ progeny to the nervous system and epidermis of the mature leech. It has been thought that the fate-determining interactions in this ‘O-P equivalence group’ take place between the equipotent cells themselves. We show here that such intra-group interactions are neither necessary nor sufficient. Instead, transient contact with cells in another ectodermal lineage is necessary and sufficient to induce o/p blast cells to assume the P fate. In the absence of this contact they assume the O fate. SUMMARY
Bis(pinacolato)diboron as an additive for the detection of thermal neutrons in plastic scintillators

Abstract A readily available and inexpensive boron compound was tested as an additive for the detection of thermal neutrons in plastic scintillators. Bis(pinacolato)diboron (B 2 Pin 2 ) was determined to be a compatible boron source (8.51 wt% boron, 1.70 wt% 10 B) in poly(vinyltoluene) based matrices. Plastic scintillator blends of 1–20 wt% 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO), 0.1 wt% 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene (POPOP) and 1–15 wt% B 2 Pin 2 were prepared that provided optical clarity, good mechanical properties, and the capability of thermal neutron detection. Independent of B 2 Pin 2 concentration, strong 10 B neutron capture signals around 90 keV ee were observed at essentially constant light output. Increasing PPO concentration allowed for the use of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) in both fast and thermal neutron detection. High PPO concentrations appear to cause additional alpha quenching that affected the 10 B neutron capture signal. Aging effects after storage in air for several months were observed, which led to degradation of performance and in some samples of mechanical stability.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Major Depressive Disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and disabling psychiatric disorders in the USA. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are extremely important to prevent disability and improve quality of life. Recent studies have demonstrated racial and ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. African Americans (AA), Hispanics, and Asian Americans were significantly less likely to receive a depression diagnosis from a health-care provider than were non-Hispanic whites. The underdiagnosis of MDD in minority groups may be due to differences in socioeconomic status (SES), care affordability, cultural beliefs about depression, help-seeking patterns, access to culturally and linguistically appropriate care, patient-physician relationship, clinical presentation of depression, etc. Meanwhile, the likelihood of both having access to and receiving adequate care for depression was significantly low for AA, Hispanics, and Asian Americans, in contrast to whites. Similar disparities also exist in treatment outcomes. Besides the reasons for MDD underdiagnosis, additional contributing factors include access barriers to preferred mode of treatment, cultural concerns about antidepressants and different metabolism of antidepressants, etc. There are many ways to address these disparities and improve MDD care in minority populations, including universal depression screening, public financial incentives to ensure access to care in low-income and minority neighborhoods, quality improvement programs, cultural competency of mental health professionals, collaborative care management, community engagement and planning, and enhanced participation of minorities in clinical research.
There is Grandeur in This View of Life: The Bio-Philosophical Implications of Convergent Evolution

Interest in the evolutionary theoretical implications of convergent evolution has surged over the last decade, in part due to accessible monographs (such as Conway Morris 2003) that have drawn attention to this important and under-investigated evolutionary phenomenon. Just how ubiquitous is convergent evolution in the history of life, and what does the frequency of convergence tell us about the constraints on macroevolution as it has unfolded on Earth and as it might do in other nooks and crannies of the habitable universe? Convergent Evolution: Limited Forms Most Beautiful is an exceedingly wellresearched, lucidly written, and wonderfully synthetic review of convergent evolution research, making a strong case for the ubiquity of convergent evolution at all levels of the biological hierarchy. McGhee has compiled an impressive evidence base to be mined by future researchers, and the book is brimming with fascinating and underappreciated examples, some of which are of great evolutionary significance. Unlike existing monographs on the topic, Convergent Evolution is illustrated with clear, accessible figures and makes extensive use of cladograms that underscore the phylogenetic distance bridged by convergent events. It is now arguably the definitive empirical source for any biologist or non-specialist interested in the phenomenon of convergent evolution. However, like similar works before it, McGhee’s exposition is somewhat less effective on the theoretical and philosophical fronts. Before canvassing our major criticisms of the book, we will provide a brief summary of each chapter.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Dithiol-Linked ZnO/Gold Nanoparticle Composites

Semiconductor–metal nanocomposites are being pursued for use as a new generation of light emitters and photovoltaic devices. A convenient method for attaching gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto zinc o...
The Right to Self-Determination of Ethnic Groups: The Canton of Jura in Switzerland

The right to self-determination of peoples has become interconnected with the rights of ethnic groups, including the right to determine the group’s own affairs and to participate in the decision-making process of the state. This article argues that a “people-centred” understanding of the right to self-determination is evolving in international law in response to emerging claims of non-traditional non-state actors such as ethnic groups. The case study of the establishment and continuing negotiations over the boundaries of the canton of Jura in Switzerland serves as an illustration of such a “people-centred” approach to self-determination. Findings suggest that the approach taken by the Bernese and Jurassians can serve as a role model for other ethnic groups in constitutional democracies with territorial claims.
On Daisaku Ikeda's Thoughts of " Spiritual Silk Road" and it Practices

" Spiritual Silk Road" is a full-new idea invented by honorable Mr Daisaku Ikeda. Created in particular contexts and with important sources, " Spiritual Silk Road" is an innovation and sublime of silk road as well as an inheritance and elaboration of Buddhist thoughts. The Road is by nature one which promotes cultural communication, links people hearts, bridges world peace and realizes human revolution.The practice of " Spiritual Silk Road" lies in peaceful dialogue, cultural communication and human education. Characterized in mutuality, equality and comprehensiveness, the Road is an omnipresent and permanent being. Ikeda's " thoughts of" Spiritual Silk Road" and its practices provide important guidelines for world peace and human development in the 21 st century.
59 A COMPARISON BETWEEN PERIPHERAL BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND CENTRAL BONE MINERAL DENSITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE PREDICTION OF SPINE FRACTURES IN MEN.

Most of the research on osteoporosis has been conducted on women. Few studies have compared central and peripheral densitometry and their association with vertebral fractures in men. The present study was designed to compare peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) measurements with central BMD measurements and to examine their association with radiographic spine fracture in men. We studied 402 community-dwelling men aged 45-92 years (mean = 70 years) from the Rancho Bernardo Study cohort who attended a clinic visit between 1988 and 1992 when BMD measurements of the midshaft radius, ultradistal wrist, lumbar spine, and total hip were obtained, and who returned for lateral x-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine an average of 4 years later. Logistic regression, t-scores, and quintiles were used to analyze BMD and its association with vertebral fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis defined by NOF criteria (for women) was 14.2% at the spine and 13% at the hip. Because there are no validated definitions of osteoporosis based on the ability to predict fracture risk for peripheral densitometry, the frequency of overlap by bone site was calculated among men in the lowest quintile of each site. Using BMD at all four sites identified 155 men (38.6%) as osteoporotic. The radiographs showed one vertebral fracture in 5.7% and more than one fracture in an additional 2.5%. Low BMD at the spine was associated with having one or more vertebral fractures, whether using NOF T-score defined osteoporosis (OR = 3.81; CI = 1.52, 9.57) or the lowest quintile versus all others (OR = 2.53; CI = 1.03, 6.19). Neither BMD at the total hip nor at the peripheral sites was associated with spine fractures, using either NOF women-based criteria or male quintiles from this cohort. We found that different men had osteoporosis defined by quintiles at different sites, and only low BMD at the spine was associated with vertebral fracture.
Fan Works and the Law

We might think that fictional worlds are, or at first appear to be, bounded by the works that create them. Once the reader has reached the last page of Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, the story is over: or is it? In fact, Pride and Prejudice has spawned countless adaptations and reinterpretations. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy reprise their difficult courtship on the screen in the persons of Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier, or as Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfayden, or Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth, or as countless others. They have made it to Bollywood as Aishwarya Rai Bachchan and Martin Henderson and, returning to their print origins, they have battled the undead in Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (2009). Wickham has been charged with murder in Death Comes to Pemberley (2011), while Elizabeth, Mr. Darcy and others have explored their kinkier sides in Pride and Promiscuity (2003). Mr. Darcy, sans Elizabeth, has found himself unexpectedly transported to the twenty-first-century romantic novel in Seducing Mr. Darcy (2008). And there are over 3,500 Pride and Prejudice stories on fanfiction.net.
Evaluating the Performance of CART-Based Missing Data Methods Under a Missing Not at Random Mechanism

This simulation study investigated two families of classification and regression trees (CART) and random forests approaches for addressing missing data in small samples. The first approach uses CAR...
Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Detection of Biomolecules Using Gold Nanoparticles, Matrix, and the Coffee Ring Effect.

Nanomaterials have been extensively used as alternate matrices to minimize the low molecular weight interferences observed in typical MALDI but such nanomaterials typically do not improve the spot-to-spot variability that is commonly seen. In this work, we demonstrate that nanoparticles and low matrix concentrations (<2.5 mg/mL) can be used to homogeneously concentrate analytes into a narrow ring by taking advantage of the “coffee ring” effect. Concentration of the samples in this way leads to enhanced signals when compared to conventional MALDI, with higher m/z analytes being enhanced to the greatest extent. Moreover, the ionization suppression often observed in samples with high salt concentrations can be overcome by preparing samples in this way. The ring that is formed is readily visible, allowing the laser to be focused only on spots that contain analyte. The coffee-ring effect represents a new mode by which nanomaterials can be used to enhance the MALDI-based detection of biomolecules.
Disease-associated extracellular loop mutations in the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G1 (ADGRG1; GPR56) differentially regulate downstream signaling

Mutations to the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG1 (G1; also known as GPR56) underlie the neurological disorder bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. Disease-associated mutations in G1 studied to date are believed to induce complete loss of receptor function through disruption of either receptor trafficking or signaling activity. Given that N-terminal truncation of G1 and other adhesion G protein-coupled receptors has been shown to significantly increase the receptors' constitutive signaling, we examined two different bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria-inducing extracellular loop mutations (R565W and L640R) in the context of both full-length and N-terminally truncated (ΔNT) G1. Interestingly, we found that these mutations reduced surface expression of full-length G1 but not G1-ΔNT in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, the mutations ablated receptor-mediated activation of serum response factor luciferase, a classic measure of Gα12/13-mediated signaling, but had no effect on G1-mediated signaling to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) luciferase. Given these differential signaling results, we sought to further elucidate the pathway by which G1 can activate NFAT luciferase. We found no evidence that ΔNT activation of NFAT is dependent on Gαq/11-mediated or β-arrestin-mediated signaling but rather involves liberation of Gβγ subunits and activation of calcium channels. These findings reveal that disease-associated mutations to the extracellular loops of G1 differentially alter receptor trafficking, depending on the presence of the N terminus, and differentially alter signaling to distinct downstream pathways.
Upper limit on damage zone thickness controlled by seismogenic depth

The thickness of fault damage zones, a characteristic length of the cross-fault distribution of secondary fractures, significantly affects fault stress, earthquake rupture, ground motions and crustal fluid transport. Field observations indicate that damage zone thickness scales with accumulated fault displacement at short displacements, but saturates at few hundred meters for displacements larger than few kilometers. To explain this transition of scaling behavior, we conduct 3D numerical simulations of dynamic rupture with off-fault inelastic deformation on long strike-slip faults. We find that the distribution of coseismic inelastic strain is controlled by the transition from crack-like to pulse-like rupture propagation associated with saturation of the seismogenic depth. The yielding zone reaches its maximum thickness when the rupture becomes a stable pulse-like rupture. Considering fracture mechanics theory, we show that seismogenic depth controls the upper bound of damage zone thickness on mature faults by limiting the efficiency of stress concentration near earthquake rupture fronts. We obtain a quantitative relation between limiting damage zone thickness, background stress, dynamic fault strength, off fault yield strength and seismogenic depth, which agrees with first-order field observations. Our results help linking dynamic rupture processes with field observations, and contribute to a fundamental understanding of damage zone properties.
Contributions of Dance to Physical Education: Part III. Impact of Dance in the Twentieth Century

(1956). Contributions of Dance to Physical Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 27, No. 9, pp. 21-34.
Teacher Certification in the Education of the Gifted: an Update:

Current information on specialized certification requirements for teaching the gifted was elicited from the state consultants responsible for gifted education. Currently 10 states have certification requirements which specify specialized course work in gifted education. While state consultants generally have positive attitudes toward certification for teaching the gifted, only 10 additional states are working toward the establishment of certification requirements.
Addressing the Challenge of Carbohydrate Site Selectivity by Synergistic Catalysis

In this issue of Chem , Niu and colleagues apply synergistic catalysis to the long-standing issue of site-selective modifications of carbohydrates. Using this method, the Niu group demonstrates the ability to differentiate hydroxyls on monosaccharides and install a terminal propargyl group, indicating the method's potential use in longer synthetic sequences and imaging techniques.
Suicide-Specific Rumination Relates to lifetime suicide attempts above and beyond a variety of other suicide risk factors.

Abstract Suicide-specific rumination, defined as a mental fixation on one's suicidal thoughts, intentions, and plans, may be an important predictor of suicidal behavior. To date, suicide-specific rumination has demonstrated convergence with, yet distinction from, a variety of suicide risk factors, and differentiated suicide attempters from ideators. However, no research has examined whether suicide-specific rumination is associated with lifetime suicide attempts above and beyond the presence of a host of other relevant suicide risk factors. The present study tested this hypothesis in samples of students (N = 300) and community members recruited via Amazon's MTurk (N = 209) who reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation. Results indicated that suicide-specific rumination was associated with the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, above and beyond a variety of other commonly-cited risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in both samples, including suicidal ideation, general rumination, interpersonal theory variables, emotion-relevant factors (dysregulation, experiential avoidance, distress tolerance, negative affect), symptoms of depression and anxiety, and overarousal. Overall, though limited by the use of non-clinical samples and a cross-sectional study design, that suicide-specific rumination outperformed all other suicide risk factors in predicting the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt suggests the potential potency of this relatively understudied risk factor in understanding transitions to suicidal behavior.
Effects of grazing exclusion and environmental conditions on the soil seed bank of a Mediterranean grazed oak wood pasture

Large seed banks in the soils of Mediterranean wood pastures can allow the composition of the understorey vegetation to adapt to changing conditions such as under-grazing, grazing exclusion and climate change. This three year study investigated the effect of grazing exclusion on the transient and persistent seed banks of 23 areas of a Mediterranean wood pasture of Quercus suber L., Q. ilex L. and Q. pubescens Willd. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to determine the effect of topo-climatic (elevation, aspect, slope, rainfall, temperature, tree coverage), soil (pH, soil texture, and soil nitrogen, phosphorus, lime and organic carbon content) and biodiversity (Shannon index, species richness index, and Pastoral Value) variables on the soil seed bank under grazed and ungrazed conditions. The size of the persistent seed bank increased with rainfall, grazing, and the available phosphorus content of the soil. Specific site by site grazing regimes could increase the abundance of legumes in the soil seed bank and the species richness and diversity of the understorey vegetation. These results can help guide the conservation management of this silvopastoral area.
How Ineffective Institutions Still Make Sense: International Organizations, Power, and Political Classification

How do international institutions affect world politics? Since Keohane, a common answer has been informational accuracy: regimes gather and share information reassuring cautiously cooperating states. The Non-Intervention Committee (NIC), an institution created to police foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), represents a puzzle. Rather than clarify facts about the war, the NIC ritually overlooked or dismissed evidence of external intervention. Yet the institution was a hothouse of diplomacy and a media lightning rod throughout the war. Why was such an ineffective institution treated as so important? To answer this puzzle, I develop a theory of the role of international organizations in legitimizing how events are classified. When ambiguous or borderline events arise, international organizations often help states designate what the event is a case of and their verdict holds special legitimacy. Because classification often has serious legal, reputational, and domestic political consequences, accuracy is not always the goal. In fact, states can use institutions to bolster a politically convenient but misleading classification. I show powerful states, often in explicit or tacit coordination, are particularly guilty of this practice when three common features of institutions are present. I then analyze foreign involvement in the Spanish Civil War and the operations of the Non-Intervention Committee. I show how an ineffective institution still helped make sense of an ambiguous conflict in ways that were politically useful but ultimately misleading; I also show this reflected the tacit cooperation of powerful states. The theory suggests a political logic for ineffective but useful institutions that synthesizes insights from across theoretical paradigms. It also presents a more critical view of global governance by suggesting institutions that allow the “international community” to speak with one voice about ambiguous events may, in practice, allow some voices to speak louder than others.
Risk, Sufficiency, Completeness, and Ancillarity

The initial section of this chapter develops a basic framework for inference. Later sections concern the notion of sufficiency that arises when data can be summarized without any loss of information.
Banking on Remittances? How opening a bank account in the United States affects Mexican migrants sending money back to Mexico

Data from 154 different Mexican communities, housed within the Mexican Migration Project (mmp), is used to explore the influence of U.S. assimilation on a Mexican migrant’s propensity to remit money back to Mexico. A migrant opening a U.S. bank account is employed as a proxy for assimilation. Sociodemographic, U.S. migration, and Mexican community control variables are included. It is found that a migrant opening a bank account during the last U.S. migration is associated with a reduced probability of remitting money back to Mexico, suggesting a shift in social and economic activity from Mexico to the U.S. for migrants abroad. Los datos de 154 comunidades mexicanas, agrupados en el Mexican Migration Project (mmp), se utilizan para explorar la influencia de la asimilacion a Estados Unidos sobre los migrantes mexicanos, tomando en cuenta su propension a enviar remesas de vuelta a Mexico. La apertura de una cuenta bancaria en Estados Unidos por parte de un migrante se emplea como una forma subsidiaria de asimilacion. Se incluyen variables sociodemograficas, de migracion a Estados Unidos y de control de las comunidades mexicanas. Los hallazgos dicen que la apertura de una cuenta bancaria por parte de un migrante durante la ultima ola de migracion a Estados Unidos se asocia a una menor probabilidad de enviar remesas de vuelta a Mexico, lo cual sugiere un cambio en la actividad social y economica de Mexico hacia Estados Unidos por parte de los migrantes en el extranjero.
Loss of urban forest canopy and the effects on neighborhood soundscapes

The urban landscape constitutes a key aspect of human - nature interactions, as more than 60% of the world’s population resides in cities and their suburbs. This study focuses on the characteristics of the landscape that humans (and other organisms) perceive as sound and the role of a suburban soundscape in defining experience of place. Vegetation plays an important role in shaping soundscapes, both by creating sound and attenuating sound from natural and human sources. An invasive insect pest, the Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis), is killing millions of ash trees (genus Fraxinus) throughout North America. As a result, many municipalities are systematically removing Fraxinus trees. The objective of this research was to determine if and how removal of a substantial amount of the urban forest in such a community causes changes in the local soundscape, particularly in the proportion of human-sourced sounds versus sounds associated with nature. We selected Arlington Heights, Illinois, as the study site, where a series of before-and-after sound recordings were gathered as ash trees were removed between 2013 and 2015. Comparison of recordings using the Raven sound analysis program revealed significant differences in some measures of sound attributes tested as tree canopy decreased. We detected more human-produced mechanical sounds (anthrophony) and fewer sounds associated with weather (geophony) in these sites. Changes in sounds associated with animals (biophony) varied seasonally. We conclude that monitoring changes in the proportions of anthrophony, biophony and geophony provides insight into fauna biodiversity and the human experience of a suburban ecosystem.
Guarantees on the probability of good selection

This tutorial provides an overview of guarantees on the probability of good selection (PGS), i.e., statistical guarantees on selecting - with high probability - an alternative whose expected performance is within a given tolerance of the best. We discuss why PGS guarantees are superior to more popular, related guarantees on the probability of correct selection (PCS) under the indifference-zone formulation. We review existing procedures that deliver PGS guarantees and assess several direct and indirect methods of proof. We compare the frequentist and Bayesian interpretations of PGS and highlight the differences in how procedures are designed to deliver PGS guarantees under the two frameworks.
A Concise Synthesis of Chiral Indanes as α1A Adrenoceptor Partial Agonists.

A rhodium catalyzed cyclocarbonylation is used for preparation of key indan-1-ones which are further functionalized a C1 by standard transformations.
110th Anniversary: Commentary: The Smart Human in Smart Manufacturing

Process systems engineering has been a vibrant field for over 60 years, encompassing process design, process optimization, process control, and related topics. During the past decade, the notions o...
Exploring Linux as an operating system in the CS curriculum

The Linux operating system as a variant of UNIX is having a significant impact on the computing community including major corporations and other organizations. This paper describes the development and implementation of a course on the UNIX operating system using Linux as the vehicle. The course includes discussion of the UNIX development, installation and configuration of Linux on personal computers, and experience with scripting including Perl. Student experiences with the course and their response to the course are included in the paper.