cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Radiotherapy for Patients with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

: Some patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (those with small low-to moderate-grade tumors excised with wide margins) appear to be good candidates for treatment with surgery alone. There is no agreement on the exact features defining this subgroup, however. Radiotherapy will reduce the risk of recurrence further even in this subgroup. Other patients with uninvolved microscopic resection margins have a low risk of failure when treated with surgery and radiotherapy. Patients with involved margins may be at increased risk of recurrence even after irradiation, although data on this point are contradictory. Since salvage therapy for patients with local failure after initial breast conserving therapy is not perfect at preventing subsequent local-regional or distant recurrences, such patients might be more appropriately treated with mastectomy. The ultimate risk of dying of breast cancer is small for patients with DCIS, regardless of the initial treatment approach. Each patient's preferences must be accorded great weight in making treatment decisions. It is the duty of her physicians to inform her of the potential risks and benefits of all treatment options.
Stimulant Medication and the Treatment of Aggression in Children With Attentional Deficits

Reviews evidence regarding the efficacy of stimulant medications in treating aggression and antisocial behavior in externalizing youngsters, particularly those with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite claims that stimulant medication is not efficacious with respect to aggression, recent investigations with behavioral observation methodologies in large-group settings have revealed clinically significant reductions of aggressive behavior with stimulant treatment. Furthermore, among youngsters with attentional problems, both aggressive and nonaggressive subgroups show a positive response to such medication. Discussion focuses on the need for multimodality interventions with externalizing children.
Unsaturated Cyclopentadienyl-Molybdenum and Tungsten Carbonyl Cluster Complexes Containing Pd- and Pt(PBut3) Groups

A series of new bimetallic cluster compounds, Cp2M2(CO)4[M‘(PBut3)]2 [M = Mo, M‘ = Pt (9); M = Mo, M‘ = Pd (10); M = W, M‘ = Pt (11); M = W, M‘ = Pd (12)], have been synthesized from reactions of [...
Relationship Between the ECG, Ventricular Activation, and the Ventricular Conduction System in Ostium Primum ASD

A combined electrophysiologic-anatomic study was performed in a dog with a congenital atrial septal defect (ASD) primum. Comparisons were made between the dog and electrophysiologic data obtained in four patients with ASD primum. The ECGs and VCGs in both the dog and patients revealed the characteristic features of superior orientation, counterclockwise rotation, and slow-rightward terminal forces in the frontal plane QRS. In both the dog and the patients, epicardial ventricular activation revealed early posterior LV wall excitation and later anterior left ventricular (LV) depolarization. Also, there was a marked delay in the activation of the RV in both dog and patients. In the dog, Purkinje (Pj) potentials were recorded from the endocardium of the anterior and posterior LV wall and the anterior RV wall. The endocardial-Pj activation times of these three regions were correlated with the measured lengths of the three major divisions of the conduction system supplying them. Premature activation of the post...
Seed Source Effect on Field Emergence of Soybean Lines with Reduced Phytate and Raffinose Saccharides

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines homozygous for the mips allele (mips lines) have reduced phytate P and raffinose saccharides in the protein meal. Less phytate is desirable for reducing the P content of manure from nonruminant animals and less raffinose saccharides increases the amount of metabolizable energy available to them. Field trials indicated that seedling emergence percentage of mips lines was less for seed produced in a subtropical environment than a temperate environment. The objective of this study was to determine if field emergence of mips lines is influenced by the environment used for seed production. Seed of six mips lines and four commercial cultivars (Mips lines) produced in four temperate and 12 subtropical environments during 2 yr was evaluated for field emergence percentage, seed viability percentage, and germination percentage in warm germination, cold vigor, and accelerated aging tests. The field emergence percentage of mips lines was significantly less than Mips lines for all seed sources. The mips lines had a mean field emergence of 63% for temperate sources and 8% for subtropical sources while Mips lines had a mean field emergence of 77% for temperate sources and 83% for subtropical sources. The mean seed viability percentage for the mips lines based on the tetrazolium test of 88% for temperate sources and 70% for subtropical sources accounted for only part of the differences in field emergence. Differences in field emergence between the mips and Mips lines were not consistently predicted by the warm germination and cold vigor tests for temperate sources. The accelerated aging test effectively differentiated the field emergence potential of the mips and Mips lines for all seed sources. Seed source should be a consideration when evaluating the field emergence of mips lines in a breeding program or for obtaining acceptable plant populations in commercial fields.
Seasonal emergence of two cherry fruit fly species in Erie County, Pennsylvania: 25-year summary.

Spring emergence of Rhagoletis fausta (Osten Sacken) and R. cingulata (Loew) in a mixed population was determined from 1948–72 in Erie County, Pa., by using emergence cages placed over infested cherries. Date of first emergence ranged from June 3 to June 23 over a 25-year period. Temperature and precipitation from Mar. 1 to first emergence accounted for 42% of the variation in date of emergence. The date of 950 thermal unit (degree-day) accumulation using a threshold temperature of 4.4°C gave a reasonable estimate of emergence date. Rainfall greater than 1.3 cm after date of first emergence retarded occurrence of 10% emergence from 6–11 days. Flies always emerged several days earlier in emergence cages placed under the south quadrant of the cherry trees than under the north quadrant. R. fausta emerged an average of 5 days earlier than R. cingulata .
REDUCTION OF THE ASYMPTOTIC BIAS OF AUTOREGRESSIVE AND SPECTRAL ESTIMATORS BY TAPERING

. The asymptotic bias to terms of order T-1, where T is the observed series length, is studied for estimators of the coefficients and disturbance variance in an AR(p) model. Reduction of the asymptotic bias by tapering is established and, if the tapering function is defined appropriately to depend on T, not only is the asymptotic bias reduced, but the asymptotic distribution of the estimators is not altered. In addition, the asymptotic biases of other time series parameter estimators constructed from the sample covariance function, such as several types of spectral estimators, can also be reduced by tapering.
A force/torque relationship and its experimental verification for flexible link manipulators

A technique to determine the force and torque relationship between the joints and end effector of a general manipulator with flexible links is presented. A systematic technique which accounts for the link's bending and torsion is used to determine the kinematic equations of the manipulator. The Jacobian matrix is modified to account for the links' flexibility. Using the principle of virtual work, a force and torque relationship between the joints and end effector is obtained which accounts for the links' flexibility. Results obtained experimentally are compared to computer simulations of the resulting force and torque relationships to demonstrate the validity of the theories. >
The Population Ecology of Interest Group Death: Gay and Lesbian Rights Interest Groups in the United States, 1945–98

An event-history analysis of the disbandings of nationally active gay and lesbian rights advocacy groups in the United States for the period 1945–98 is presented. Specifically, the hypothesis (which comes from population-ecology theory) is tested that the survival prospects of gay and lesbian rights interest groups are related non-monotonically to the number of groups in the population (i.e., density). The statistical analyses presented support the hypothesis: as density rises from near zero to high, the death rate first decreases but eventually increases. Several other hypotheses are also tested, and among the findings is the following: the survival prospects of gay and lesbian rights interest groups are related non-monotonically to group age – as group age increases, a group's probability of death first rises but then decreases.
Kinetic implications of enzyme-effector complexes☆

Abstract Sigmoidal rate behavior is exhibited by kinetic mechanisms containing more than one pathway for the addition of substrate to the enzyme. Several of these S-S (Shift-Sigmoidal)-mechanisms and their relationship to the Hill plot are discussed in detail. The salient feature of these mechanisms is the inclusion of a reaction pathway through a ternary complex of enzyme, substrate and positive effector. With this new pathway, these mechanisms exhibit effector responses which mimic those observed with a wide variety of allosteric enzymes.
Vertex operators in background fields

Abstract We show that vertex operators for strings propagating in background fields are composite operators of anomalous dimension two in a two-dimensional field theory defined on a curved world-sheet. We show how special features of renormalization theory in curved spacetime are responsible for a number of peculiar features of string physics, including the need for apparently unphysical fields to maintain gauge invariance in string field theory.
Comparison of Torque Transmitting Shaft Connectivity Using a Trilobe Polygon Connection and an Involute Spline

The results of a finite element analysis of a trilobe polygon shaft connection used as an alternative for a spline for torque transmission is presented. These results are compared to the results of a finite element analysis previously performed on an involute spline. It is shown that the tensile stress in the polygon shaft is significantly smaller than in the involute spline and is smaller than all the other stresses in both the shaft and the hub in the polygon connection. Furthermore, the magnitudes and distributions of the maximum principal compressive stress, the shear stress, and the Von Mises stress are nearly the same on the shaft and the hub. It appears that polygonal connections can be more advantageous than splined connections because of lower stresses and the lack of stress concentrations typical of splines.
Hydrothermal and microbial processes at Loihi Seamount, a mid-plate hot-spot volcano

Abstract Active hydrothermal vents have been discovered at the summit of Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, in an area referred to as Pele's Vents. The active vent field is characterized by iron-rich nontronite deposits, warm (30°C) hydrothermal fluids, extensive bacterial mats and by the conspicious absence of large benthic animals. Chemical analyses of collected water samples has revealed the presence of elevated concentrations of Si, NH 4 + , PO 4 −3 , dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), methane (CH 4 ) and bacterial cells in the discharged vent fluids, relative to ambient bottom seawater. The most distinctive feature of Pele's Vent fluid, relative to other hydrothermal systems previously described, is the especially high content of DIC (300 mM for the warmest waters sampled). Bacteria collected from Pele's Vents were shown to be metabollically active at temperatures up to at least 60°C. Bacterial mats collected from the vent field are comprised of long filaments coated with Fe precipitates. It is hypothesized that these tubular structures are formed by the growth and metabolism of Fe-oxidizing bacteria.
An Evaluation of Croscarmellose as a Tablet Disintegrant in Direct Compression Systems

AbstractThe disintegrant actions of croscarmellose type A (Ac-Di-Sol, FMC Corp.) and croscarmellose type B (CLD-2, Buckeye Cellulose Corp.) have been compared to that of corn starch in direct compression tablets in which microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101, FMC Corp.) was the matrix. Two types of formulations were examined using either pyridoxine or hydrochlorothiazide as drug. The data clearly shows that both forns of croscarmellose are markedly superior to corn starch and are active at quite low concentrations. The CLD-2 may promote more rapid dissolution in some systems than Ac-Di-Sol.
The Effects Of Tapered Illumination And Fourier Intensity Errors On Phase Retrieval

Phase retrieval performed by the iterative Fourier-transform algorithm has been demonstrated through computer simulations for complex-valued objects with a known region of support. An active imaging system could artificially create an object with a known compact support by coherently illuminating a finite region of an extended object or scene. This points to the potential for novel coherent-imaging systems that form fine-resolution imagery utilizing far-field Fourier intensity measurements in conjunction with a priori knowledge of the illumination pattern. In this paper we describe the effects on phase retrieval of some of the measurement realities that would be encountered in an actual system. For example, any real illumination pattern will have tapered edges due to diffraction, and the effect of varying amounts of taper on algorithm convergence and quality of reconstruction are pre-sented. A modification to the algorithm, using an expanding support constraint, was developed to avoid stagnation problems associated with tapered illumination. In addition, the effects of a variety of errors in the data, both random and systematic, are presented. These errors include additive noise, quantization errors, and detector saturation and biasing.
A review of class I and class II pet food recalls involving chemical contaminants from 1996 to 2008

Commercial pet food in USA is generally safe, but adulteration does occur. Adulterated food has to be recalled to protect pets and public health. All stakeholders, including food firms, distributors, and government agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) participate in food recall. The objective of this review is to describe the pet food recall procedure from start to finish, and to review class I and II pet food recalls from 1996 to 2008, with a specific focus on those due to chemical contaminants/adulterants. Information was requested from the FDA by Freedom of Information Act. Only those recalls backed by the FDA scientific review were considered. The legal framework for food recalls in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 7 and in the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, Title X was reviewed. From 1996 to 2008, there were a total of 22 class I and II pet food recalls. Of these, only six (27%) were due to chemical adulterants. The adulterants were aflatoxins, cholecalciferol, methionine, and melamine, and cyanuric acid. The causes of adulteration included inadequate testing of raw materials for toxins, use of wrong or faulty mixing equipment, and misformulation of raw materials. Overall, pet food manufactured in the USA is safe. Even with shortcomings in the recall process, the incidence of illness associated with pet food adulteration is low. Added changes can only make the system better in the future to safeguard pet and public safety.
Universality of the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in 4He films as function of thickness.

Mesures de transport thermique dans des couches minces 4 He au voisinage de la transition superfluide
Selective Deposition of Metals on Plastics Used in the Construction of Microanalytical Devices: Photo-Directed Formation of Metal Features on PMMA†

We describe here, for the first time, the use of amine-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate), AT-PMMA, surfaces as a substrate for the electroless deposition of Au nanoparticle films (Au-EDNPFs), the adsorptive deposition of Au colloids, the laterally patterned formation of Au-EDNPFs, and the use of the patterned Au-EDNPFs to form electrolessly deposited Ag films with micrometer features. Au-EDNPFs were formed by chemical reduction of AuCl4- films coordinated to AT-PMMA sheets. The Au-EDNPFs act as autocatalytic substrates for the conventional electroless deposition of Ag. Such Ag films can be used in the construction of functional Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. In addition, sequentially deposited, multilayer Au colloid films formed on the AT-PMMA surfaces are shown to be effective electrochemical working electrodes in aqueous media. In the final portion of the work, laterally patterned (selective) deposition of Ag films was accomplished by photoremoval of photolabile protecting groups attached to the amine...
The Strategy of Candidate Ambiguity

If candidates are uncertain about the policy position preferred by the median voter and therefore face the risk of stating an unpopular position, in equilibrium both candidates may prefer to make their positions ambiguous rather than to specify them. The incentives to be ambiguous are further increased if the position announced by one candidate allows the other candidate to estimate the preferences of the voters better.
Stimulus control and contingency contracting for behavior change and weight loss.

Abstract Stimulus control treatments for obesity are based on the unconformed assumptions that (a) instructions to alter eating behaviors produce change, and (b) that these changes in eating behavior cause weight loss. The behavioral changes produced by contingency contracting for weight loss are also unexplored. The present study used direct observation and self monitoring data to explore the functional relationship between (a) instructions in stimulus control procedures and behavior changes and subsequent weight loss, and between (b) contingency contracting and behavior changes and subsequent weight loss. The effect of the procedures was compared and their interaction also was examined. In an A-B-BC-B-BC design, four moderately obese adult females were individually treated for 25 weeks with alternating five-week phases of stimulus control or contingency contracting procedures. Instructions in stimulus control produced changes in all monitored eating behaviors while contingency contracting also produced improvements in some eating behaviors. The moderate weight losses produced by both procedures was associated with a reduction of snacking and eating rates. The results also show that therapist instructions are not necessary for behavior changes and that external contingencies are not needed for weight losses. Further development and application of direct observation procedures with a broader range of target behaviors are required to clarify the functional relationship between behavior change and weight loss.
Fetal and neonatal neurologic consultations: Identifying brain disorders in the context of fetal-maternal-placental disease

Pediatric neurologists provide an important consultative role for the fetus or neonate with a suspected brain disorder. Although most consultations are initiated after birth, neonatal neurologic dysfunction may be reflective of fetal brain damage or maldevelopment. Maternal or placental/cord disease states can predispose the fetus or neonate to brain disorders during the antepartum, intrapartum, or early postpartum periods. Neurologists must therefore consider maternal, placental, and fetal conditions on which a neonatal encephalopathy may be superimposed, with or without recent brain injury. This review suggests how the pediatric neurologist can contribute more effectively to fetal and neonatal neurologic evaluations regarding etiologies and mechanisms of brain injury; their role will enhance diagnostic services composed of maternal-fetal specialists, placental and pediatric pathologists, neonatologists, neurosurgeons, geneticists, and other pediatric subspecialists. Selected examples of structural markers during fetal life, and functional markers during neonatal life, illustrate the wide spectrum of disease states that are highly dependent on the timing and location of brain injury. The pediatric neurologist has the opportunity to integrate these complementary lines of investigation into a responsive consultative opinion, which is both medically accurate and ethical, responsible to the welfare of the mother and child.
Lymphangiogenesis in tissue-engineered small intestine.

Tissue-engineered intestine offers promise as a potential novel therapy for short bowel syndrome. In this study we characterized the microvasculature and angiogenic growth factor profile of the eng...
Auditory Model Enhances Relative-Timing Learning

In recent experiments (Q. Lai, C. H. Shea, & M. Little, 2000; C. H. Shea, G. Wulf, J. Park, & B. Gaunt, 2001), auditory models were found to be effective in enhancing relative-timing performance and learning in constant practice conditions. In the present experiment, the authors examined (a) whether an auditory model also enhances relative-timing learning in blocked and random practice conditions and (b) whether experience with the auditory model enhances participants' ability to produce the response by using different effector sequences. Participants (N = 48) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 acquisition conditions in which an auditory model was or was not present and the practice schedule was blocked or random. In the acquisition phase, all participants alternately pressed 2 keys on a keyboard in an attempt to match 5 goal intervals. In the auditory model conditions, a sequence of tones was played before each acquisition trial. The tones represented the correct timing sequence for that trial. One retention and 3 effector-transfer tests without feedback were administered about 24 hr after the completion of acquisition. The results indicated that the auditory model enhanced relative-timing performance and learning independently of practice schedule. In addition, the auditory model enhanced relative timing on the effector-transfer tests, but absolute-timing performance and learning were not affected by the auditory model. Thus, relative timing was found to be effector independent but absolute timing was not.
Inhomogeneous laser heating and phonon confinement in silicon nanowires: A micro-Raman scattering study

Results of a systematic set of micro-Raman experiments on the changes in the line shape of the $\ensuremath{\sim}520\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ one-phonon band in Si nanowires with laser flux $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}$ are presented. A complicated dependence of the $520\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ Raman band asymmetry $(A)$ with $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}$ is observed that depends both on the nanowire diameter and on the thermal anchoring of the wires to an indium foil substrate. With increasing power density in a $\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ focal spot common to micro-Raman spectroscopy, we see a clear growth in $A$ that has nothing to do with phonon confinement. In fact, we can explain the complex changes in $A(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}})$ by extending the model [H. Richter, Z. P. Wang, and Y. Ley, Solid State Commun. 39, 625 (1981)] to include an inhomogeneous heating in the Raman volume. The effects we observe in Si nanowires should be common to all semiconducting nanostructures and underscores the importance of demonstrating a flux-independent line shape when studying pure phonon confinement effects by Raman scattering.
Microscale analytical methods for the quantitative detection of PCBs and PAHs in small tissue masses.

Abstract Microscale methods (MM) were evaluated and compared to traditional methods (TM) for measuring polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked and standard reference fish and mussel tissues. MMs are advantageous because they use small tissue masses (ca. 100 mg), and maintain sensitivity through reducing final extract volume (traditionally 1 ml) by an order of magnitude or more (40 μl—PCBs; 100 μl—PAHs). Procedural losses occurred in the MMs’ combined cleanup/primary evaporation step (19% PAHs; 6% PCBs), and the final extract concentration (14% PAHs; 22% PCBs). The PAH MM performed comparably to the TM. Although most PCBs had recoveries >50%, the PCB MM generally yielded lower recoveries than the TM. Average method detection limits were 0.6 μg/kg (TM) and 1.0 μg/kg (MM) for PCBs and 25.7 μg/kg (TM) and 27.7 μg/kg (MM) for PAHs. MMs described for PCB and PAH tissue samples are potentially viable alternatives to TMs, and could lead to cost savings in bioaccumulation/toxicity tests.
Tungsten microneedles: a simple method of production.

Abstract A simple, rapid, and inexpensive method is described for producing tungsten microneedles with tips on the order of 1 μ and impedances of 0.1–25 MΩ.
Inability to induce tolerance to bovine gamma globulin in mice infected at birth with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

SummaryPretreatment with ultracentrifuged BGG did not lead to tolerance to this protein in 6-week-old C57B1/6 mice with persistent LCM infection. Tolerance was induced in uninfected C57B1/6 mice, and in AKR mice which have viremia with murine leukemia virus.The authors thank Dr. J. Parker, Microbiological Associates, for expert maintenance of the LCM colony.
Better Performance through Better Training

The training function in most organisations is a continuous and never‐ending demand on time. Not only must organisations deal with new employees having no skills, but also with old employees having obsolete skills, transferred employees having different skills, and present employees having poor or undeveloped skills. However, consider the pay‐off of an effective training programme. A supervisor can loosen supervisory control, performance increases and operational problems decrease. The trainee finds increased job performance and satisfaction, greater freedom from close supervision, increased personal growth and development, and higher morale, confidence and self‐esteem. The total organisation gains increased productivity, and operational problems, such as turnover, absenteeism and malingering, decrease. Thus, all who are involved benefit from effective training—the organisation, the supervisors and the employees.
Effect of intraligand π-delocalization on the photophysical properties of two new Ru(II) complexes

Abstract Two new Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy) 2 (1-COO-iqu)] + ( 2 ; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1-COO-iqu − = isoquinoline-1-carboxylate) and [Ru(bpy) 2 (3-COO-iqu)] + ( 3 ; 3-COO-iqu − = isoquinoline-3-carboxylate), were prepared and their crystal structures solved. The ground and excited state properties of 2 and 3 were characterized and compared to those of [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ ( 1 ). The presence of the oxygen atom in the Ru(II) coordination sphere makes 2 and 3 easier to oxidize than 1 . The Ru → bpy MLCT absorption and emission of 2 and 3 are red-shifted relative to that of 1 in CH 2 Cl 2 , and the E 00 energies were estimated to be 1.89 eV and 1.95 eV from the low temperature emission of 2 and 3 , resulting in excited state oxidation potentials of −1.03 V and −1.10 V vs SCE, respectively. In addition to the short-lived emissive 3 MLCT state, a long-lived species is observed in the transient absorption of 3 in DMSO ( τ = 49 μs) and pyridine ( τ = 44 μs), assigned to a solvent-coordinated complex. This intermediate is not observed for 3 in non-polar solvents or for 2 . The absence of the solvent coordinated intermediate in 2 is explained by the stronger Ru–O bond afforded by the lower conjugation in that extends onto the carboxylic acid in the 1-COO-iquo − ligand, compared to that in the 3-COO-iqu − ligand in 3 . Transient absorption experiments also show that the 3 MLCT excited state of 3 is able to reduce methyl viologen.
In-line digital holographic microscopy based on intensity measurements at two planes

We propose a new approach of in-line digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with the capability of enhancing the hologram acquisition rate together with improved reconstruction capability. The method is based on the recording of two interferograms of the same object at slightly different planes. The technique utilizes the full spatial bandwidth of the camera and do not require phase-shifting of the reference beam. Furthermore, we exploit the method of subtraction of average intensity of the entire hologram to suppress the zero-order diffracted wave. The twin image is eliminated by Fourier domain processing of the two recorded holograms. Experimental results of both amplitude and phase objects demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Since the two interferograms can be recorded simultaneously by using two CCD or CMOS sensors, this new in-line DHM technique has the potential applications in biomedical research for the visualization of rapid dynamic processes at cellular level.
HPLC DETERMINATION OF FLAVONOIDS AND TERPENE LACTONES IN COMMERCIAL GINKGO BILOBA PRODUCTS

ABSTRACT Ginkgo biloba products are one of the top ten botanical dietary supplements in the USA. The active constituents include flavonoids and terpene lactones (ginkgolides and bilobalide). Ginkgo flavonoids have been associated with reduced lipid peroxidation in vascular walls and nerve cells. Ginkgolides are well known to be antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Usually, enriched ginkgo extracts used for the preparation of ginkgo products are standardized to contain 24% flavonoids and 6% terpene lactones. In the present work, we examined nine commercial ginkgo products for the content of total flavonoids and terpene lactones by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD), respectively. The methods are reliable and sensitive with detection limits of 2 ng for flavonoids on column with HPLC-UV and 20–35 ng for terpene lactones on column with HPLC-ELSD. The results show that most of the commercial ginkgo products tes...
Reply to "Comment on the extension of the edge theory to the entire x-ray spectrum"

Various of Longe's comments are answered, including a demonstration of how my previously used convolution method works for the case $\ensuremath{\alpha}g0$.
Synthesis of Au−C60 Cluster Materials

We have investigated the formation of Au clusters in a C 60 fullerene matrix (binary cluster material) with the aim to produce densely packed arrays of ultrasmall Au clusters with sizes below 4 nm. We achieved the formation of a binary cluster material by co-deposition of Au and C 60 , and no segregation of the gold was observed. The Au concentration throughout the film was observed with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and reflects the deposition rates measured for the single particle fluxes. It was determined by high-resolution TEM that the films show a narrow size distribution of the Au clusters. The size ranges from 1.6 to about 3.8 nm, and the size distribution is determined by the Au concentration. For low Au concentrations of less than 5 atom %, the maximum of the size distribution was positioned at about 2 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 0.5 nm. The gold appears to have a strong influence on the growth mechanism of the films, as evidenced by a dramatic reduction in the mean roughness of the films with increasing Au content, which was observed with atomic force microscopy. For high gold concentrations, the surface roughness decreases to less than half the radius of a C 60 molecule. The competition between surface and volume cluster growth and the role of the Au cluster-fullerene interaction in the film growth are discussed.
Balloon-occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (BRTO): Technique and Intraprocedural Imaging

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) is an endovascular technique used as a therapeutic adjunct or alternative to transjugular intrahepatic shunts (TIPS) in the management of gastric varices. Occlusion balloons are strategically placed to modulate flow within the gastrorenal or gastrocaval shunt to allow stagnation of the sclerosant material within the gastric varix. The approach and complexity of the procedure depends on the anatomic classification of inflow and outflow veins of the varix. Ethanolamine oleate has been described as the main sclerosant used in this procedure. Recently, foam sclerosants have gained popularity as alternative embolization agents, which provide the advantage of better variceal wall contact and potentially less dose of sclerosant.
Human Brain Mapping Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Optical coherence tomography is a promising tool for human brain mapping. We present cyto- and myelo-architecture at the micron scale in white and gray matter which are then validated with standard histology.
Resveratrol Demonstrates Antimicrobial Effects Against Propionibacterium acnes In Vitro

Introduction Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is an antioxidant that has multiple biologic effects including antimicrobial properties. Acne vulgaris is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit, characterized by an inflammatory host immune response to the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This study sought to determine whether resveratrol may be a potential treatment for acne vulgaris.
The use of abusable prescription drugs: the role of gender.

It is well documented that women face greater medical exposure to psychotropic drugs than do men, but little research examines whether women also have increased use of prescription drugs with abuse potential. The objectives were to examine gender differences in the use of abusable prescription drugs and to assess how use varies by gender and if patterns of use vary across therapeutic drug classes. With data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditures Survey (NMES), logistic regression analysis is used to model the influence of gender and other sociodemographic and diagnostic variables on the probability of drug use. Women are 48% more likely than men to use any abusable prescription drug, controlling for demographics, health status, economic status, and diagnosis. Additional analyses reveal that being female is a statistically significant predictor of anxiolytic and narcotic analgesic use but not of sedative-hypnotic or stimulant use. Marital status, age, urbanicity, employment status, and having a regula...
Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the United States: 1981-2001

The increased use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in screening for preclinical disease after 1985 is thought to be a major determinant of the changing patterns in prostate cancer incidence; however, the long-term effect of screening on future trends in mortality and survival is uncertain. This article reviews the temporal trends (1981-1998) for prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival, and projects prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates for 1999 to 2001. Autoregressive, quadratic, time-series models were used to describe prostate cancer mortality rates in the US population and prostate cancer incidence rates derived from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. These models were based on data collected from 1979 through 1998, with forecasts produced for 1999 to 2001. Prostate cancer incidence increased steadily from 1981 to 1989, with a steep increase in the early 1990s, followed by a decline. Incidence rates were forecasted to remain stable through the year 2001. Mortality rates decreased steadily and were forecasted to continue to decrease concurrently with increasing 5- and 10-year relative survival rates. The incidence, mortality, and survival trends were comparable in US blacks, who exhibited on average 2-fold higher mortality and 50% higher incidence than whites. Decreasing prostate cancer mortality and increasing relative survival trends in the United States were described after the introduction of PSA screening. However, the exaggerated rate of increase in the early 1990s in prostate cancer incidence was transient and likely a result of increased detection of preclinical disease that was prevalent in the general population.
Synthesis of Some Tricyclic Analogs of Tetracycline

Several tricycic analogs of the tetracyclines were prepared through the Diels-Alder reaction. 1,4-Naphthoquinone was combined with 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene to give the adduct, 1-acetoxy-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone-9,10. Hydride reduction of the key adduct gave 1-acetoxy-1,4,4a,9,9a,10-hexahydro-9-hydroxy-10-ketoanthracene. This product, after several subsequent reactions, gave two isomeric 1,4,4a,9,9a,10 – hexahydro – 9 – hydroxy – 9 – O – (2′ – tetrahydropyranyl) – 1,10 – dioxoanthracenes. The attempted Diels-Alder condensation of these isomers with 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene did not generate tetracyclic isomers. The synthesis and stereo-chemical assignment of these and other tricyclic compounds are described.
Influence of ocean ecosystem variation on trophic interactions and survival of juvenile coho and Chinook salmon

The community of trophically transmitted marine parasites of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon across 8 years (2002–2009) was related to indices of ...
Unidirectional cube connected cycles

Cube connected cycles (CCC), a popular and layout-efficient alternative to the hypercube, uses duplex dimensional links. The paper proposes a variant of the CCC interconnection using simplex dimensional links. Usage of simplex links (instead of duplex) is shown to have design advantages. Cost-performance comparison of the proposed ‘Directed cube connected cycles’ (DCCC) structure with bidirectional CCC is shown. DCCC layout is compared with CCC layout and a routing algorithm for DCCC is proposed. A method for porting CCC algorithms to DCCC is provided, and the extent of slowdown is evaluated. DCCC can embed a loop with unit dilation and unit expansion.
Multipulses in discrete Hamiltonian nonlinear systems.

In this work, the behavior of multipulses in discrete Hamiltonian nonlinear systems is investigated. The discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation is used as the benchmark system for this study. A singular perturbation methodology as well as a variational approach are implemented in order to identify the dominant factors in the discrete problem. The results of the two methodologies are shown to coincide in assessing the interplay of discreteness and exponential tail-tail pulse interaction. They also allow one to understand why, contrary to what is believed for their continuum siblings, discrete systems can sustain (static) multipulse configurations, a conclusion that is subsequently verified by numerical experiment.
Accurate and efficient processor performance prediction via regression tree based modeling

Computer architects usually evaluate new designs using cycle-accurate processor simulation. This approach provides a detailed insight into processor performance, power consumption and complexity. However, only configurations in a subspace can be simulated in practice due to long simulation time and limited resource, leading to suboptimal conclusions which might not be applied to a larger design space. In this paper, we propose a performance prediction approach which employs state-of-the-art techniques from experiment design, machine learning and data mining. According to our experiments on single and multi-core processors, our prediction model generates highly accurate estimations for unsampled points in the design space and show the robustness for the worst-case prediction. Moreover, the model provides quantitative interpretation tools that help investigators to efficiently tune design parameters and remove performance bottlenecks.
Surface bone remodeling induced by a medullary pin.

Abstract A theory of surface bone remodeling is proposed and applied to the problem of predicting the surface remodeling that will occur in the diaphysial region of a long bone as a result of superposed compressive load and as a result of a force-fitted medullary pin. The essential prediction is that the endosteal surface will move away from the medullary pin and permit its axial movement.
Selective elimination of fibroblasts from cultures of normal human melanocytes

The main obstacle to establishing pure normal human melanocytes in vitro is contamination of the cultures by fibroblasts. The obstacle can be overcome by selective destruction of fibroblasts with geneticin (G418 sulfate). Treatment of mixed cultures with this drug at a concentration of 100 μg/ml for two days results in pure cultures of normal human melanocytes.
Designing Health Information Delivery Systems for Puerto Rican Women

Although health information is important to the prevention of much illness, the health information needs of Puerto Rican women remain unaddressed, according to the results of this phenomenological study. Through audiotaped interviews, 21women evaluated various sources of health information. Analysis of the data revealed which health information sources they considered trustworthy and nontrustworthy. Health care providers were found to be one of the least helpful sources, as personal interactions were often hurried and inattentive to women’s needs. Yet, the women were able to present a vivid portrait of a culturally sensitive community environment conducive to the presentation of health information. Implications include the importance of including cultural values in any health information setting, as well as the importance of building cultural bridges between health educators and Puerto Rican women. More research is needed to examine community efforts to enhance health information sources for this populati...
Repetitive control of bilinear systems with application to semi-active isolation of vibration

A new repetitive control method is presented for semi-active vibration control of machines, such as presses and forge hammers, that are subject to nearly periodic disturbances with known periods. The vibration of the machine is controlled by actuators consisting of a proof mass, a spring, and a damper with variable damping coefficients that are treated as control inputs. The system is approximated by a bilinear state equation involving products of state variables and control inputs. Using optimal control theory a control input vector is synthesized which minimizes an objective function that trades-off the quality of isolation against relative motions of the proof masses and accounts for inequality constraints on the control inputs. The optimal control law calls for a full state feedback and feedforward of a variable dependent on future disturbances. It is therefore proposed to estimate the system disturbance based on measurements from the most recent period and, assuming the disturbance to be repetitive, ...
Daily rhythm of liver tyrosine transaminase and of plasma tyrosine and glucose after removal of the pancreas of rats.

Abstract Liver tyrosine transaminase varied over a four-fold range in a daily rhythm in pancreatectomized rats as in intact rats. Highest enzyme activity was reached in pancreatectomized rats about six hours earlier than in intact rats. Plasma tyrosine was higher in pancreatectomized rats, but varied in a rhythm like that in intact animals. Removal of the pancreas led to high plasma glucose concentrations and a pronounced daily rhythm in plasma glucose. Pancreatic hormones do not seem to be essential for the daily rhythm of liver tyrosine transaminase present in rats fed ad libitum .
Supersonic vortex breakdown over a delta wing in transonic flow

The effects of freestream Mach number and angle of attack on the leading-edge vortex breakdown due to the terminating shock on a 65-degree, sharp-edged, cropped delta wing are investigated computationally, using the time-accurate solution of the laminar unsteady compressible full Navier-Stokes equations with the implicit upwind flux-difference splitting, finite-volume scheme. A fine O-H grid consisting of 125 x 85 x 84 points in the wrap-around, normal, and axial directions, respectively, is used for all the flow cases. Keeping the Reynolds number fixed at 3.23 x 10 exp 6, the Mach number is varied from 0.85 to 0.9 and the angle of attack is varied from 20 to 24 deg. The results show that, at 20-deg angle of attack, the increase of the Mach number from 0.85 to 0.9 results in moving the location of the terminating shock downstream. The results also show that, at 0.85 Mach number, the increase of the angle of attack from 20 to 24 deg results in moving the location of the terminating shock upstream. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Excessive serum lidocaine levels during maintenance infusions: mechanisms and prevention

Clinical and pharmacokinetic data were reviewed in 72 patients who developed excessive lidocaine serum levels during maintenance infusions. Fifty-one of the 72 (70%) were cardiac patients who had mean lidocaine excretory clearances less than one half of normal. Forty percent of these became toxic in spite of a reduced infusion rate (30 micrograms/kg/min). Seven patients with normal excretory mechanisms became toxic when they received large doses of lidocaine. The remaining 14 cases lacked an identifiable cause to explain the development of higher than therapeutic serum levels. Inordinately high serum levels of monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX), an active lidocaine metabolite, were found in seven patients, but in only one was MEGX greater than lidocaine. Prolonged infusions (24 hours or greater) were not clearly associated with the worst lidocaine elimination clearances. Lidocaine toxicity was life-threatening or significantly complicated the management of 15 patients. Based on the data presented, guidelines are offered as an approach to the prevention of toxicity from maintenance lidocaine infusions.
Baseline, leakage and measurement issues: how do forestry and energy projects compare?

Abstract This paper examines three issues in quantifying project-level emissions reductions (ERs): baseline and additionality determination, leakage assessment, and measurement of net emissions. It finds no systematic differences between land use change and forestry (LUCF) and energy projects in addressing these issues. Rather, the ease of quantification depends on the following: •The level and distribution of direct financial benefits that result from the project, since this is a key determinant of additionality. •The degree to which the project is integrated with a broader physical and economic system, since this determines the amount of leakage. •The internal homogeneity and geographic dispersion of the project components—a key determinant of measurement costs. These dimensions cut across the energy versus LUCF distinction.
Is vertical jump height a body size-independent measure of muscle power?

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the performance of rapid movements represents body size-independent indices of muscle power. Physical education students (n = 159) were tested on various vertical jump (jump height and average power calculated from the ground reaction force) and muscle strength tests. When non-normalized data were used, a principal components analysis revealed a complex and inconsistent structure where jump height and muscle power loaded different components, while muscle strength and power partially overlapped. When the indices of muscle strength and power were properly normalized for body size, a simple and consistent structure of principal components supported the hypothesis. Specifically, the recorded height and muscle power calculated from the same jumps loaded the same components, separately for the jumps predominantly based on concentric actions and jumps based on a rapid stretch – shortening cycle of the leg extensors. The finding that the performance of rapid movements asses...
A novel quantitative explanation for the autonomic modulation of cardiac pacemaker cell automaticity via a dynamic system of sarcolemmal and intracellular proteins.

Classical numerical models have attributed the regulation of normal cardiac automaticity in sinoatrial node cells (SANCs) largely to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation of sarcolemmal ion ...