cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Multidimensional Approach to Religiosity and Disengagement

This study of 106 elderly Central Missourians examines religious behavior as an indication of "disengagement." It is argued that religiosity must be measured in both organizational forms such as attending religious services and the more subjective nonorganizational forms including prayer and listening to religious services and music on radio and television before an assessment of "disengagement" is made. Following Hochschild (1975) it is argued that from the perspective of researchers and others it may appear "engaged". Data support the thesis that elderly may be disengaged organizationally but engaged non-organizationally.
Cellular Response to Ecdysterone in vitro.

Organ cultures of hindgut from diapausing tobacco hornworm pupae, Manduca sexta (Johannson), produce an abundance of migrant cells around the original explant. With time-lapse cinematography, these...
Therapeutic Landscape of Carfilzomib and Other Modulators of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway

For both normal and malignant cells, the degradation of intracellular proteins must be carefully controlled to adjust the levels of important regulatory proteins and rapidly eliminate damaged or misfolded proteins before their toxic aggregates compromise the cell function or survival.1,2 The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway degrades most intracellular proteins. This complex system (Fig 1) identifies proteins intended for degradation and attaches to them chains of ubiquitin (Ub) molecules3 through a sequential system of Ub-activating enzymes, Ub-conjugating enzymes, and Ub ligases.4,5 Ubiquitinated proteins are then recognized by the 26S proteasome7 and selectively digested by its distinct (chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like, and caspase-like) proteolytic activities.8–10
"GenotypeColour": colour visualisation of SNPs and CNVs.

Background The volume of data available on genetic variations has increased considerably with the recent development of high-density, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Several software programs have been developed to assist researchers in the analysis of this huge amount of data, but few can rely upon a whole genome variability visualisation system that could help data interpretation.
Vibrational spectra and conformations of (chloromethyl)cyclopropane and epichlorohydrin

The IR and Raman spectra (4000–50 cm−1) of (chloromethyl)cyclopropane and epichlorohydrin have been recorded in all three physical states. It has been concluded from the spectroscopic data and from variable temperature studies that (chloromethyl)cyclopropane exists as an equilibrium mixture of gauche (95%) and cis (5%) conformers in the liquid state, while only the gauche form persists in the solid phase. The enthalpy difference between these two rotamers was found to be 1.40±0.10 kcal mol−1. Similarly, epichlorohydrin has also been shown to exist as an equilibrium mixture of gauche-1 (70%), gauche-2 (21%) and cis (9%) conformers in the liquid state, with only the gauche-1 form remaining in the solid phase. Enthalpy differences among these conformers were determined to be 1.2±0.2 kcal mol−1 (gauche-1 vs. cis) and 0.70±0.10 kcal mol−1 (gauche-1 vs gauche-2). Apparently steric repulsions between the chlorine atom and β ring-hydrogens destabilize the cis conformation in each molecule. For each molecule, a vibrational assignment has also been proposed.
Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope Observations of U Geminorum Far from Outburst

The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope was used during the Astro-2 Space Shuttle mission to obtain a far-ultraviolet (820-1840 A) spectrum of the dwarf nova U Geminorum in its low state. At the time of the observation, U Gem had been at optical minimum for 185 days. The HUT spectrum is dominated by the white dwarf star, and shows (among other things) very strong, broad hydrogen Lyman absorption lines. A comparison with solar abundance white dwarf models indicates a temperature near ~30,000 K. Comparison to a similar spectrum obtained during the Astro-1 mission in 1990, only 10 days after U Gem had returned to the low state following a normal outburst, confirms that the average temperature of the white dwarf in U Gem drops substantially between outbursts. Furthermore, differences between the models and the data at the shortest wavelengths in both spectra support the hypothesis that the surface temperature is nonuniform and that a decrease in the relative importance of a hot region, possibly a belt, on the surface of the white dwarf causes the observed 30% decline in flux at 1450 A far from outburst.
Nonlinear Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoribbons

Based on atomistic simulations, the nonlinear elastic properties of monolayer graphene nanoribbons under quasistatic uniaxial tension are predicted, emphasizing the effect of edge structures (armchair and zigzag, without and with hydrogen passivation). The results of atomistic simulations are interpreted using a theoretical model of thermodynamics, which enables determination of the nonlinear functions for the strain-dependent edge energy and the hydrogen adsorption energy, for both zigzag and armchair edges. Due to the edge effects, the initial Young’s modulus of graphene nanoribbons under infinitesimal strain varies with the edge chirality and the ribbon width. Furthermore, it is found that the nominal strain to fracture is considerably lower for armchair graphene nanoribbons than for zigzag ribbons. Two distinct fracture mechanisms are identified, with homogeneous nucleation for zigzag ribbons and edge-controlled heterogeneous nucleation for armchair ribbons.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF AN INTENSE SURFACE FRONTAL ZONE

Abstract Intensive analysis of a pronounced surface frontal zone indicates that the associated horizontal temperature gradient, horizontal wind shear and horizontal divergence are most extreme near the ground and become much more diffuse above the lowest few thousand feet. In an endeavor to account for these structural characteristics, measurements are made of the frontogenetical and frontolytical effects in the fields of temperature and wind, following the motion of the air. In the vicinity of the frontal zone in the lowest levels, these effects are found to be one or two orders of magnitude larger than those generally observed in the free atmosphere. It is indicated that the frontal zone itself is composed of air initially in the warm sector which has been first effectively entrained into the zone through the operation of intense frontogenetical effects and is then subjected to intense frontolysis as it rises within the zone, thus accounting for the observed maximum intensity of the frontal characterist...
Study of the Effect of DATEM. 2: Fractionation of DATEM and Characterization of Fractions and Components

Abstract In order to answer the question of which component of DATEM is most effective in baking, a commercial DATEM sample was fractionated by a combination of gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The activities of fractions and individual components were determined by micro-scale rheological methods and a micro-scale baking test on the basis of 10 g of flour. Three active compounds were isolated which were the major components of DATEM. Their structures were determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The major component of DATEM (35.4%) was a glycerol molecule esterified with stearic acid and diacetyltartaric acid and a free hydroxyl group at the secondary C-atom. In the second component (12.1% of DATEM) this hydroxyl group was acetylated, whereas in the third compound (6.5% of DATEM) it was esterified with an additional diacetyltartaric acid residue. Not was the baking activity of DATEM based on a single but on the sum of the three major components.
Intercalated discs of mammalian heart: A review of structure and function

Intercalated discs are exceptionally complex entities, and possess considerable functional significance in terms of the workings of the myocardium. Examination of different species and heart regions indicates that the original histological term has become out-moded; it is likely, however, that all such complexes will continue to fall under the generic heading of 'intercalated discs'. The membranes of the intercalated discs establish specific associations with a variety of intracellular and extracellular structures, as well as with numerous types of proteins and glycoproteins. Characterization of discs and their components has already brought together a large number of research disciplines, including microscopy, cytochemistry, morphometry, cell isolation and culture, cell fractionation, cryogenics, immunology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology. The continued dissection of substance and function of intercalated discs will depend on such interdisciplinary approaches. The intercalated disc component which continues to attract the greatest amount of interest is the so-called gap junction. All indications thus far point to a great deal of inherent lability in the architecture of the gap junction. There is thus considerable potential for the creation of artefact while preserving and observing gap junctions, and this problem will doubtless continue to hamper the understanding of their functions. A question of special interest concerns whether the gap junctions of intercalated discs are required for transfer of electrical excitation between cells, or maintain cell-to-cell adhesion, or in fact subserve both electrical and structural phenomena. Two schools of thought exist with respect to cell-to-cell coupling in the heart. One proposes that low-resistance junctions in the discs mediate electrical coupling, whereas the other supports the possibility of coupling across ordinary high-resistance membranes. Thus the intercalated discs continue to be a source of controversy, just as they have been since they were originally discovered in heart muscle over a century ago.
Photochemical rearrangement of a rhenium dimetallacyclobutene studied by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy

Time-resolved infrared spectral studies of the photochemical transformation (quantum yield 0.41 for 366 nm photolysis in cyclohexane) of the 3,4-dirhenacyclobutene complex 1 to the 2, 4-dirhena[1.1.0]bicyclobutane complex 2 demonstrate the prompt formation of the short-lived intermediate I proposed to be a bis(metallacarbene). 12 refs., 1 fig.
Characteristics of Headache Associated With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systematically the characteristics of headache due to acute exposure to carbon monoxide. BACKGROUND: Headache is the most commonly reported symptom in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. While it is often described as throbbing and diffuse, a systematic characterization of carbon monoxide-associated headache has never been published. METHODS: Patients referred for hyperbaric oxygen treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning were asked whether headache was part of their symptom complex. When present, specific details about the nature of the headache were collected from 100 consecutive patients through use of a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Information on carbon monoxide-associated headache was collected from 34 female and 66 male patients with a mean carboxyhemoglobin level of 21.3%+/- 9.3%. The most common location for pain was frontal (66%), although more than one location was involved in 58% of patients. Nature of the pain at any time during its course was dull in 72% of patients and sharp in 36%. Headache was throbbing in 41%, continuous in 74%, and intermittent in 16% of those evaluated. Peak intensity of pain did not correlate with the carboxyhemoglobin level. Headache improved prior to hyperbaric oxygen treatment in 72%, resolving entirely in 21%. Of those with residual headache, pain improved with hyperbaric oxygen in 97%, resolving entirely in 44%. CONCLUSION: The headache accompanying acute carbon monoxide poisoning is extremely variable in nature. "Classic" throbbing, diffuse headaches were rarely described by patients. There are no patterns which can be considered characteristic to aid in the diagnosis of carbon monoxide-induced headache. Similarly, no trait was identified which might allow elimination of carbon monoxide poisoning from the differential diagnosis of headache. Language: en
Tetralogy of Fallot [S,D,I]: a recently discovered malformation and its surgical management.

T etralogy of Fallot {S,D,I} is a recently discovered form of tetralogy that was first reported in 1988 by Foran and associates [1] on the centennial of Fallot's classic description of the typical form of this anomaly [2]. Recently, Santini and colleagues [3] reported the first surgical repair of this rare variant of tetralogy without the use of an external conduit. In an accompanying editorial, Anderson [4] raised several questions of general interest that I shall endeavor to answer briefly here. What is tetralogy ofFallot {S,D,I}? This has to be the first question of anyone who has never seen this rare anomaly. As the name indicates, there is situs solitus of the viscera and atria (S), D-loop ventricles (D) with atrioventricular concordance, inverted normally related great arteries (I) with ventriculoarterial concordance, and inverted (mirrorimage) tetralogy of Fallot. There is pulmonary infundibular and valvar stenosis or atresia, aortic-mitral fibrous continuity, and a large subaortic conoventricular type of ventricular septal defect with anterosuperior malalignment of the conal septum. Because the inverted aorta lies to the left of the inverted pulmonary artery, the right coronary artery runs across the obstructed subpulmonary infundibulum from left to right to reach the rightsided atrioventricular groove. This course of the right coronary artery across the obstructed pulmonary outflow tract has been treated by means of an external right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery conduit [1]. However, as described in a recent report [3], Jonas and colleagues were able to establish satisfactory RV to pulmonary arterial continuity by myocardial excision beneath the right coronary artery, thereby avoiding an external conduit that would have to undergo repeated changes over time. Does tetralogy of Fallot {S,D,I} "'really have typical morphology of tetralogy of Fallot?'" Yes. The morphology of the infundibulum and great arteries was typical of inverted (mirror-image) tetralogy of Fallot, as the angiocardiograms showed well (Fig 2 in [3]). "'Does the chosen title convey the morphology present to the working surgeon?" Yes, as long as the surgeon is familiar with this rare form of tetralogy of Fallot [1, 3]. Can one make the diagnosis of double-outlet right ventricle when one of the semilunar valves is in direct fibrous continuity with an atrioventricular valve? Yes. For example, when double-outlet right ventricle coexists with hypoplastic left heart (mitral stenosis or atresia), it is not rare for
Development of allometric relations for three mangrove species in South Florida for use in the Greater Everglades Ecosystem restoration

Mathematical relations that use easily measured variables to predict difficult-to-measure variables are important to resource managers. In this paper we develop allometric relations to predict total aboveground biomass and individual components of biomass (e.g., leaves, stems, branches) for three species of mangroves for Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. The Greater Everglades Ecosystem is currently the subject of a 7.8-billion-dollar restoration program sponsored by federal, state, and local agencies. Biomass and production of mangroves are being used as a measure of restoration success. A technique for rapid determination of biomass over large areas is required. We felled 32 mangrove trees and separated each plant into leaves, stems, branches, and for Rhizophora mangle L., prop roots. Wet weights were measured in the field and subsamples returned to the laboratory for determination of wet-to-dry weight conversion factors. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and stem height were also measured. Allometric equations were developed for each species for total biomass and components of biomass. We compared our equations with those from the same, or similar, species from elsewhere in the world. Our equations explained ≥93% of the variance in total dry weight using DBH. DBH is a better predictor of dry weight than is stem height and DBH is much easier to measure. Furthermore, our results indicate that there are biogeographic differences in allometric relations between regions. For a given DBH, stems of all three species have less mass in Florida than stems from elsewhere in the world.
An investigation of the surface reaction mechanisms of alternating-grown, ordered atomic layers : CdS on ZnSe(100)

Abstract Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) is used for detailed investigation of the surface chemistry of a binary reaction sequence by sequential gas-phase dosing of a ZnSe(100) substrate with (CH 3 ) 2 Cd and H 2 S. Analysis of the TPD spectra shows that adsorbed DMCd irreversibly dissociates on a ZnSe(100)-c(2×2) surface at room temperature to form a fully methyl-terminated surface; this termination is responsible for the previously reported, self-limiting reaction. At ∼370 K, DMZn desorbs from this surface due to a methyl-exchange reaction. This desorption temperature is independent of coverage, indicating a first-order reaction. In addition, at high DMCd exposures, the adsorption/desorption process leads to replacement of surface Zn by Cd. The experiments also examine the reaction of H 2 S with the methyl-terminated surface. This reaction, which is also self-limiting, forms a sulfur-hydride-terminated surface after the release of surface CH 3 groups in the form of CH 4 . Studies of surfaces formed by more than one binary reaction sequence are also reported, which show that the alternating growth surfaces are terminated with either methyl groups or hydrogen. The methyl-passivated growth surface preferentially desorbs methyl radicals at ∼390 K instead of the metal-alkyl species. For the sulfur-hydride-terminated surface the recombinative reaction of the HS species causes desorption of H 2 S at 480 K. In this case, the symmetric peak shape of the desorbed H 2 S signal and its shift to lower temperature with increasing the coverage suggest a second-order reaction mechanism. In more general terms, these results indicate that the relative strengths of bond for methyl–metal (II) and metal–VI element play an important role in the surface reactions.
Perforated subhepatic appendicitis in the laparoscopic era.

Any innovation or advance in surgery has its pitfalls. The following case is presented to demonstrate how the management of an apparently simple case has been complicated in the modern surgical era.
Tracing the Sources of Indoor Aerosols Using Evolved Gas Analysis

An exploratory study was conducted to determine whether microanalytical evolved gas analysis for measuring carbon and nitrogen could be used to distinguish aerosols from different indoor sources. The method requires < 20 μg of particulate matter and it is rapid and inexpensive. Thermograms (rate of evolution of CO2 and NOx versus temperature) were determined for samples of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), kerosene soot, indoor aerosol from woodburning homes, and outdoor aerosol from New Jersey. The thermograms were used to calculate the amounts of carbon and nitrogen for five temperature intervals from 50 to 600°C normalized to particle mass. The thermograms from different sources showed distinct differences. ETS and kerosene soot had the highest mass percentages of carbon and nitrogen (37% C, 4% N and 27% C, 10% N, respectively), although their nitrogen thermograms differed substantially. Organic nitrogen dominated the ETS samples while most of the nitrogen in kerosene soot was (NH4)2SO4. The kerosene ...
Characterization and localization of nerve growth factor receptors in the embryonic otic vesicle and cochleovestibular ganglion.

Abstract We have investigated the possibility that nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a role in the development of the inner ear. Primordia of the inner ear, the otic vesicle (OV) and cochleovestibular ganglion (CVG), were isolated from 72-hr (stage 19–20) quail embryos and examined for the presence of NGF receptors. Quantitative binding studies revealed that both OV and CVG exhibited specific 125I-NGF binding; levels of nonspecific binding were 6 to 26% of total binding. Scatchard analysis yielded a linear plot, indicating the presence of a single class of NGF receptor. The average binding constant (Kd) was 8.0 nM for OV and 8.6 nM for CVG, corresponding to the low affinity (site II) NGF receptor. Examination of light microscopic radioautographs indicated that most of the specific 125I-NGF binding was located in the ventromedial wall of the OV, with little or no binding in the lateral wall and endolymphatic primordia. These studies were corroborated by microdissection of OV, in which 70% of the radioactivity was found to be localized in the medial half of the OV. In CVG, specific 125I-NGF binding was more concentrated in the cochlear portion of the ganglion, with silver grains primarily over areas containing support cells and immature neurons. Quantitative binding studies with isolated cochlear and vestibular ganglia obtained from 144-hr (stage 29–30) quail embryos revealed that the cochlear ganglion exhibited three times more specific 125I-NGF binding than the vestibular ganglion. The presence of NGF receptors on OV and CVG suggests that these structures are responsive to and/or dependent upon NGF. The following paper ( J. Represa and P. Bernd, 1989, Dev. Biol. 134 ) examines the question of whether NGF serves either as a mitogen, a survival factor, or a differentiation factor in this system.
Selective associations produced solely with appetitive contingencies: the stimulus-reinforcer interaction revisited.

Abstract In studies reporting stimulus-reinforcer interactions in traditional conditioning paradigms, when a tone-light compound was associated with food the light gained stimulus control, but when the compound was paired with shock avoidance the tone gained control. However, the physical nature of the reinforcer-related events (food vs. shock) presented in the presence of the tone-light compound was always confounded with the conditioned hedonic value of the compound's presence relative to its absence. When the compound was paired with shock, its presence was negative relative to its absence (which was shock-free). In contrast, when the compound was paired with food, its presence was positive relative to its absence (which was food-free). The present experiment dealt with this confounding effect by conditioning a tone-light compound to be positive or negative, relative to its absence, solely with food reinforcement. One group of rats received food for responding in the presence of the tone-light compound and no food in its absence. The other group also responded in the presence of the compound, but received food only in its absence. These rats were trained on a chained schedule in which responding in the presence of the tone-light compound produced a terminal link signaled by the absence of the compound; responding ceased in the terminal link because it delayed food delivery. In a test session to assess stimulus control by the elements of the compound, tone and light were presented separately under extinction conditions. Rats that had been exposed to a positive correlation between food and the compound emitted almost double the responses in the presence of the light as in the presence of the tone. In comparison, rats that had been exposed to a negative correlation emitted only two thirds as many responses in the presence of the light as in the presence of the tone. Because this selective association was produced using only food, it appears that the contingencies under which a reinforcer is presented, rather than (or as well as) its physical properties, can generate the selective associations previously attributed to "stimulus-reinforcer interactions." This could mean that regardless of the class of reinforcer that ultimately maintains responding (appetitive or aversive), the contingency-generated hedonic value of the compound stimulus may influence the dominant modality of stimulus control.
Effects of Tides and Currents on Tsunami Propagation in Large Rivers: Columbia River, United States

AbstractTo better understand the effects of river flow and tidal stage on the propagation of realistic tsunami waves up large rivers, simulations of the Columbia River (United States) were carried out. The two-dimensional depth-averaged version of the advanced circulation model was used. The model was forced with open boundary tides, tidal potential, and river flow. Simulations without tsunami waves demonstrated excellent agreement with numerous tidal gauging stations in the domain. A Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake and associated tsunami were then considered by prescribing a rapid temporal change in the bathymetric/topographic grid. The simulations were repeated over a wide range of river flow conditions and a wide range of tidal phases. In each simulation, the tsunami was characterized in terms of the variation of its amplitude with upriver distance, how much land was inundated, and its propagation speed up the estuary. Although river flow is a dominant mechanism in the Columbia River in terms of st...
Two-way generalization peak shift after two-key training in the pigeon

Thirteen pigeons were reinforced on a 1-min variable-interval schedule (VI 1 min) for pecking at a key illuminated by a 550-nm light. All birds were tested for generalization to 550 nm and 10 other wavelengths, following three variations of training as follows: Group 1 received only single-stimulus training to 550 nm before the test. Group 2 received successive single-key discrimination training between 550 nm as S+ and 559 nm as S− (extinction) before the test. Group 3 received successive training, but 559 nm was not associated with extinction; rather, in the presence of 559 nm, the birds were reinforced on VI 1 min for pecking a second key. In agreement with previous results, Group 1 yielded generalization gradients peaked at 550 nm, and Group 2 produced peaks shifted away from S−. For Group 3 a separate gradient was obtained for responses to each key, and each of these gradients was shifted away from the wavelength that signaled reinforcement on the other key. The results suggest that peak shift can result from the interaction of stimulus control from each of two “excitatory” stimuli, if each controls a response that interferes with the response controlled by the other. A general description of the conditions for peak shift and peak-shift failure is briefly suggested.
Efficient Synthesis of Suitably Protected β-Difluoroalanine and γ-Difluorothreonine from l-Ascorbic Acid

Fluorinated amino acids are useful building blocks for the preparation of biologically active peptides and peptidomimetics with increased metabolic stability. We report here the synthesis of two fluorinated amino acids, β-difluoroalanine and γ-difluorothreonine, as analogues of Ser and Thr, respectively. These compounds were suitably protected for Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. Once incorporated into peptides, they may serve as alternative substrates or inhibitors of lantibiotic synthetases that posttranslationally dehydrate Ser and Thr residues to dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine, respectively.
Implementation of local feedback controllers for vibration supression of a truss using active struts

This paper describes the design and implementation of local feedback controllers for active vibration suppression of a laboratory truss referred to as the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) space truss. The NRL space truss is a 3.7 meter, 12-bay aluminum laboratory truss used as a testbed to explore smart structures technologies for future Navy spacecraft missions. To conduct real-time control and data acquisition for the implementation of controllers, a digital signal processor based system is used. Two piezoceramic active struts are employed in this experimental study. Each strut is instrumented with a force transducer and a displacement sensor. Modal strain energy computed using a refined finite element model was used to select the optimum locations of the two actuators to ensure controllability of the first two structural modes. Two local feedback controllers were designed and implemented, an integral force feedback and an integral plus double-integral force feedback. The controllers were designed independently for each active strut using classical control design techniques applied to an identified model of the system dynamics. System identification results and controller design procedure are described along with closed loop test results. The test results show up to a factor of 1/110 attenuation of the truss tip motion due to sinusoidal resonant input disturbances and up to 100 times increase in damping of the lower frequency modes of the truss.
The larval and juvenile ecology of the temperate octocoral Alcyonium siderium Verrill. I. Substratum selection by benthic Larvae

Abstract The Alcyonacean octocoral Alcyonium siderium Verrill forms dense stands on vertical rock walls (6–18 m subtidal) along the coast of Massachusetts and further north into the Gulf of Maine. Larvae are brooded until their release as crawling demersal planulae in August. Each colony produces several hundred larvae; most crawl onto the nearby substratum although others may be carried away by wave surge. Experimental enclosures were used to examine substratum selection in the field. Planulae metamorphosed in greater numbers than expected by percent cover on the fleshy red crustose alga Waernia mirabilis Wilce (proposed). The crustose coralline algae Phymatolithon rugulosum (Foslie) and Lithothamnium glaciale Kjellman were settled on commonly but less often than expected by their percent cover. Bare rock surfaces were also used, but least frequently. The encrusting invertebrate colonies that cover much of the available substratum were never used as sites of settlement and metamorphosis. These results agree with laboratory evidence that settlement and metamorphosis of Alcyonium planulae can be induced by Waernia and by coralline algae.
A Search for Millisecond Periodic and Quasi-periodic Pulsations in Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries

The results of a Fourier analysis to detect fast periodic and quasi-periodic pulsations in the X-ray emission from the sources 4U 0614 + 091, 4U 1636 - 536, 4U 1735 - 44, 4U 1820 30, GX 5 - 1, GX 9 + 9, Ser X-1, and Cyg X-2 are presented. This search has been carried out for the first time in the soft energy band (0.2-2.0 keV), using data from the Einstein Observatory high resolution imager instrument. An approximate method of minimizing the decrease in search sensitivity produced by the Doppler shift of the pulse periods due to source orbital motion is discussed. No pulsations have been detected, and upper limits, which depend on the orbital parameters assumed for the sources, are set on the pulsed flux fraction.
Effects of 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone on Different Segments of Rabbit Gastrointestinal Tract

Using an isolated muscle bath technique, five different segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending and descending colon) were used to record the effects of two doses of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (danthron). Transducer-recorded tracings were made of contractions per minute, interval between contractions, and amplitude of contractions. The results were evaluated and statistical tests among comparisons of the three parameters between the two drug doses and control values indicated the parameter of interval between contractions to be a statistically significant indication of activity.
Recent progress on the quantum unique ergodicity conjecture

We report on some recent striking advances on the quantum unique ergodicity or “QUE” conjecture, concerning the distribution of large frequency eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on a negatively curved manifold. The account falls naturally into two categories. The first concerns the general conjecture where the tools are more or less limited to micro-local analysis and the dynamics of the geodesic flow. The second is concerned with arithmetic such manifolds where tools from number theory and ergodic theory of flows on homogeneous spaces can be combined with the general methods to resolve the basic conjecture as well as its holomorphic analogue. The recent account by Zelditch [Zel4] covers some of the same material and his and our discussion complement each other nicely, as he goes into more detail with the first category and we with the second. This note is not meant to be a survey of these topics and the discussion is not chronological . Our aim is to expose these recent developments after introducing the necessary backround which places them in their proper context. Recent Progress on QUE 2 §1. The General QUE Conjecture In Figure 1 the domains ΩE,ΩS and ΩB are an ellipse, a stadium and a “Barnett” billiard table respectively. Superimposed on these are the densities of a consecutive sequence of high frequency eigenfunctions (“states”, “modes”) of the Laplacian. That is they are solutions to  4φj + λjφj = 0 in Ω . φ ∣∣ ∂Ω = 0 (Dirichlet boundary conditions), ∫ Ω |φj| dxdy = 1 . (0) Here 4 = divgrad = ∂2 ∂x2 + ∂ 2 ∂y2 , λ1 < λ2 ≤ λ3 . . . are the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions are normalized to have unit L-norm. The sequences are of 12 consecutive modes around the 5600 eigenvalue. They are ordered from left to right and then down and the grayscale represents the probability density |φ|, with zero white and larger values darker.
Test of a theory of predictive behavior in young children

In the binary prediction situation, 8's task is to predict which of two events will occur on each of a series of trials by making one of two predictive responses (PR) each time a cue occurs. When preschool children pre­ dict the next event in a single alternation sequence they almost all make errors. They do not always pay atten­ tion to the events they have just predicted, in that during the interval in which the event occurs they may be look­ ing away and not see it. 8uchinattendingoften coincides with an error run in which the events alternate ABAB ... while the child is predicting BABA ... on the same trials. Apparently at times the child simply alternates his pre­ vious PR regardless of the event. Termination of such a run of errors is often preceded by a reorientation to the event during the final error trial, accompanied by a ver­ bal or nonverbal response which suggests 8 has noticed he made an error. Errors also occur on trials in which the child takes a long time to predict, appears inde­ cisive, and considers aloud the two alternatives before responding, suggesting that at times the PR's are
Finnish identity in a changing Europe

Whether focusing on the Kalevala, Sibelius, Aalto, sauna or sisu, Finns have long agreed that their national self included a sense of struggle against poverty and political insecurity. Additionally, they have agreed that “Swedes we are not; Russians we will never be; let us be Finns” (dating from 1809). Today, with a stable democray and a high standard of living, the terms of the question have changed. Tomorrow, with a reconfigured Europe, Finns expect to play a new role, with an ethnic script they're fashioning themselves through reinterpretations of history, folklore, and anthropology.
The rewarming rate and increased peak temperature alter neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery.

Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common complication after cardiac surgery. We evaluated in this prospective study the effect of rewarming rate on neurocognitive outcome after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After IRB approval and informed consent, 165 coronary artery bypass graft surgery p
Electroreduction of bicyclic heteroaromatics. Selective product formation

The electroreductions of 1-methylindole and several benzofurans were investigated and compared with the corresponding alkali-metal/liquid ammonia reductions. The cathodic reductions were performed using a simple apparatus with aqueous THF as the solvent and were found to be regioselective. Over-reduction and other side reactions were avoided. The possible mechanism of the electroreductions is discussed.
A Built-in-Test-based Reconfiguration Scheme for Wireless Systems for Increased Quality of Service (QoS)

Current wireless transceiver systems employ power-up self-calibration to enhance quality-of-service (QoS) for end-users. This is mostly performed by firmware (embedded software) within the digital signal processor (DSP) and automatic gain control (AGC) circuits in baseband. This self-calibration step by itself may not be effective to compensate for environmental effects. Moreover, these techniques consume significant battery power, often an undesirable attribute. In addition, aggressive technology scaling to nanometer regimes causes significantly larger process parameter variations compared to present manufacturing techniques. Unless compensated for, these process variations can set die specifications off the limits. In this paper, an online built-in-test (BIT) based compensation scheme has been proposed for RF front-end in wireless transceivers. The proposed approach is simple, involves minimal overhead, and is effective in improving the performance. Results indicate that a significant improvement in performance can be achieved after reconfiguration is performed.
A librarian's guide to Marvel Comics

Abstract Marvel Comics, along with rival DC Comics, is one of the two powerhouses of the comic book industry and has been for many decades. The company was founded in 1939 by pulp magazine publisher Martin Goodman. Goodman owned various publishing houses responsible for a variety of pulp titles, including Marvel Science Stories . In 1939, a colleague persuaded Goodman that comic books were the upcoming trend in periodical publishing, so Good-man launched a book called Marvel Comics . Issue no. 1 contained a story by Bill Everett about the Sub-Mariner, as well as the first appearance of the Human Torch. Both characters quickly became leading draws of the Golden Age of comics. Soon after, Goodman hired writer Joe Simon and artist Jack Kirby, who were to become giants in the industry. Simon and Kirby created Captain America, a character who remains a comics icon even today. In those early days, Goodman also hired another future legend: writer Stan Lee, who happened to be Good-man's nephew. Goodman's comic company was known officially as Timely Comics, Inc., then later as Atlas Publishing. The firm did not change its name to Marvel until the early 1960s. Timely benefitted from the comics boom of the early 1940s, but interest in super-hero stories waned later in the decade. Atlas briefly revived its super-hero line-up in 1954, but the company spent most of the next decade publishing romance, western, horror, and humor comics. 1
DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES / DIFFERENT METHODS: RDD AND IDEF

The Requirements Driven Development (RDD1) method and the Integrated Computer Aided Manufacturing (ICAM) DEEinition language (IDEF) methods are frequently considered competitively for use on a systems engineering project. The purpose of this paper is to clarify some of the ways in which the two method families are vastly different in modeling purpose, method philosophy, usage styles, underlying concepts and history. The first section describes basic needs for SE methods and sources of confusion in method selection. The second section discusses major differences between RDD and the IDEF family. Two lessons in terms of method and tool selection are offered.
A subcellular pool of hypo-osmotically resistant particles containing thyrotropin releasing hormone, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus

— A 10% homogenate of male rat hypothalami, prepared in 0.32M-sucrose-10μM-CaCl2, was diluted either with one volume of 0.32M-sucrose-10μM-CaCl2 (iso-osmotic) or with 10μM-CaCl2 (hypo-osmotic). A 900 g supernatant fluid fraction (0.9 K-S) was prepared from the diluted homogenates and fractionated on continuous sucrose density gradients under non-equilibrium and equilibrium conditions. In the iso-osmotic 0.9 K-S thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were each found to be sequestered in two populations of particles which were different in size but similar in density. In the hypo-osmotic 0.9 K-S, TRH, α-MSH, and LHRH were each found to be sequestered in a single population of particles. In their sedimentation properties (as judged by differential, non-equilibrium, and equilibrium density centrifugations), the hypo-osmotically resistant particles and the small particles present in the iso-osmotic 0.9 K-S were identical. However, in their peptide content, the two sets of particles differed from each other. If the total quantity of particle-bound peptides recovered after gradient centrifugation of the iso-osmotic 0.9 K-S is taken as 100%, one finds that the amount of TRH, α-MSH. and LHRH recovered in the small particles is 39%, 50%, and 39%. respectively, whereas the amount of TRH, a-MSH, and LHRH recovered in the hypo-osmotically resistant particles is 42%, 68%, and 67%, respectively. This increase in the quantity of peptides sequestered in the small particles occurred concomitantly with the disappearance of peptides from the large synaptosome-like particles. It is estimated that within the large synaptosome-like particles 7% of the TRH, 35% of the a-MSH, and 45% of the LHRH are associated with hypo-osmotically resistant particles. Ultrastructural analysis of purified hypo-osmotically resistant particles containing TRH. α-MSH. or LHRH revealed a predominance of membrane-bounded packets of electron-dense material.
Firm Resources and Host-Country Factors Impacting Internationalization of Knowledge-Intensive Service Firms

In the era of the global economy, knowledge-based services are becoming important sectors of the service industry. Services offered by a university are knowledge-based services. Universities are in the service business, and they play a key role in creating and disseminating knowledge through teaching, research, and related services that cross domestic borders. The current research focuses on the internationalization of US MBA programs. The internationalization of US MBA programs refers to the delivery of knowledge-based services beyond the domestic borders. The main objective of our research is to examine the effect of an organization's (e.g., a US business school) resources and a host country's attractiveness on the internationalization of knowledge-based services offered by a firm (a US business school). Using data gathered from MBA programs of US colleges and universities, theEstudy findings show that internationalization is influenced by human capital, prestige and reputation, management's willingness, and foreign market attractiveness. The results of this study offer practical insights for US business school leaders. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drug activity prediction using multiple-instance learning via joint instance and feature selection

Background In drug discovery and development, it is crucial to determine which conformers (instances) of a given molecule are responsible for its observed biological activity and at the same time to recognize the most representative subset of features (molecular descriptors). Due to experimental difficulty in obtaining the bioactive conformers, computational approaches such as machine learning techniques are much needed. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a machine learning method capable of tackling this type of problem. In the MIL framework, each instance is represented as a feature vector, which usually resides in a high-dimensional feature space. The high dimensionality may provide significant information for learning tasks, but at the same time it may also include a large number of irrelevant or redundant features that might negatively affect learning performance. Reducing the dimensionality of data will hence facilitate the classification task and improve the interpretability of the model.
Bacteria-based biocomputing with Cellular Computing Circuits to sense, decide, signal, and act

Although the term ‘Biocomputing’ may bring to mind biological replacements of silicon processors; this type of application is far in the future. Use of bacteria-based Biocomputing for biosensors and industrial fermentation control, however, is presently attainable by using genetically-engineered bacterial cells that can process signals in a logical operation via one or a few pathways. Here, we refer to these systems as ‘Cellular Computing Circuits’ and focus on their possible future implementations. We also briefly discuss concepts from Synthetic Biology and enzyme-based Biocomputing because they will be important during future development. Our lab has already transformed an idea from enzyme-based Biocomputing into a bacteria-based Boolean logic gate with a digital output signal of direct electric current and we suggest future applications in this perspective. We predict useful functions for Cellular Computing Circuits in the near future.
A novel murine model of cyclical cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury

Abstract Background Increasing evidence points to a principal role of ischemia-reperfusion in the pathogenesis of chronic skin ulceration, including pressure sores, diabetic ulcers, and venous ulcers. An incomplete understanding of this process and the limitations of current animal models of chronic wounds mandate a reproducible model in mice, in which transgenic and knockout technology are continually evolving. Materials and methods A murine model of chronic skin ulceration based on cyclical magnetic compression is presented. Forty-three C57BL/6J mice underwent varying degrees of cyclical compression with defined periods of reperfusion. Injury was measured grossly as regional necrosis, and tissue was harvested for histology, DNA electrophoresis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Skin necrosis became apparent only 12 h post cycling, and was cycle-responsive and quantitative in cycled subjects. Histopathologic analysis revealed a statistically significant doubling of the leukocyte count in sections from compressed skin versus sham controls. Moreover, apoptotic DNA laddering was evident in post ischemic skin and absent in controls. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a 300-fold higher expression in iNOS mRNA from cyclically compressed skin compared with normal skin: such expression was temporal in nature. Conclusions A murine model of pressure necrosis, which bears all of the gross, histological, and molecular features of ischemia-reperfusion injury, has been established. Application of this model to the vast number of transgenic mice available will further our understanding of the mechanism of pressure sore development.