cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmacology of depression in neurologic disorders.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after exposure to severe stress, such as combat, accidents, assaults, and natural disasters. Pharmacotherapy can be a useful adjunct in the comprehensive treatment of these patients. The presence of comorbid conditions, including depression, panic disorder, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury, should be carefully evaluated. Symptoms of PTSD that are associated with central nervous system hyperarousal or reexperiencing of the traumatic event appear to be the most responsive to pharmacotherapy. Social withdrawal and dulled responsiveness have not been shown to be alleviated through standard pharmacologic interventions. A therapeutic strategy is proposed that is based on the patient's symptoms and initial response to medication.
An Engineering Systems Introduction to Axiomatic Design

Since its first publication in 1978, Axiomatic Design has developed to become one of the more commonly applied engineering design theories in the academic literature and industrial practice. In parallel, model-based systems engineering (MBSE) has developed from industrial origins in the aerospace, communications, and defense sectors. As the scope of humanity’s engineering efforts grows to include evermore complex engineering systems, the engineering design methodologies that guide these efforts must also develop. These two, now well-established but independently developed, engineering design methodologies now appear well poised to support the synthesis, analysis, and resynthesis of large complex engineering systems. As the first chapter in this book on the application of Axiomatic Design to large complex systems, it introduces the fundamentals of Axiomatic Design within the context of engineering systems and as a conceptual foundation for subsequent chapters. It also relates Axiomatic Design’s key concepts and terminology to those found in current MBSE techniques including SysML. The chapter concludes with applications in which Axiomatic Design has served to advance the development of engineering systems including quantitative measures of life cycle properties, design of cyber-physical systems, and design of hetero-functional networks.
Academic Drug Discovery Centers: Key Players in the Future of the Pharmaceutical Industry

Over the course of the last 30 years, the pharmaceutical industry has undergone significant restructuring in an effort to increase efficiency. At the same time, a new player in drug discovery has emerged, the academic drug discovery center. These relatively new institutions vary in size, scope, capability, and capacity and are likely to play a key role in the future of the pharmaceutical industry.
Parahippocampal and entorhinal resection extent predicts verbal memory decline in an epilepsy surgery cohort

The differential contribution of medial-temporal lobe regions to verbal declarative memory is debated within the neuroscience, neuropsychology, and cognitive psychology communities. We evaluate whether the extent of surgical resection within medial-temporal regions predicts longitudinal verbal learning and memory outcomes. This single-center retrospective observational study involved patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection from 2007 to 2015. Thirty-two participants with Engel Class 1 and 2 outcomes were included 14 left, 18 right and followed for a mean of 2.3 years after surgery ±1.5 years. Participants had baseline and postsurgical neuropsychological testing and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans. Postsurgical lesions were manually traced and coregistered to presurgical scans to precisely quantify resection extent of medial-temporal regions. Verbal learning and memory change scores were regressed on hippocampal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal resection volume after accounting for baseline performance. Overall, there were no significant differences in learning and memory change between patients who received left and right anterior temporal lobe resection. After controlling for baseline performance, the extent of left parahippocampal resection accounted for 27% p =.021 of the variance in verbal short delay free recall. The extent of left entorhinal resection accounted for 37% p =.004 of the variance in verbal short delay free recall. Our findings highlight the critical role that the left parahippocampal and entorhinal regions play in recall for verbal material.
Association of Intraocular Pressure With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Purpose Prior studies have shown an association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and reduced intraocular pressures (IOP). The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had any difference in their IOP compared with patients without HIV or with HIV who are not on HAART. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods We included 400 patients from our academic eye center between 2000 and 2016. Group 1 (G1) consisted of patients with HIV on HAART (n = 176), Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients with HIV who were not on HAART (n = 48), and Group 3 (G3) consisted of controls without HIV (n = 176). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare mean IOP values. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were performed to assess factors impacting IOP. Difference in IOP was the primary outcome being measured. Results The mean IOPs in mm Hg were 13.7 ± 5.1 (G1), 13.1 ± 3.6 (G2), and 17.3 ± 3.8 (G3), P 3 contributed to a 2.1 mm Hg decrease in IOP. Patients with HIV were 7 times more likely to have an IOP ≤10 mm Hg, and patients with a CD4 count ≤700 cells/mm 3 were 13 times more likely to have an IOP ≤10 mm Hg. Conclusions Absolute CD4 counts may play a role in IOP fluctuations. This association was found in patients with HIV regardless of whether patients were on HAART.
How to Approach Lymphocytic Esophagitis.

Lymphocytic esophagitis (LE) is an unusual esophageal condition defined by an increased number of lymphocytes in the esophageal epithelium. With few published studies of LE available, it is unclear whether LE is a truly distinct clinical entity or a histological manifestation of other known gastrointestinal disorders. This review summarizes recent studies of lymphocytic esophagitis. Studies have suggested that LE may be related to eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) or a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There is an association between LE and Crohn’s disease in children, but not in adults. Patients with LE frequently report symptoms of dysphagia and GERD. Treatment options for LE are limited and involve symptom management similar to treatment of EoE or GERD, including proton pump inhibitors (PPI), swallowed topical steroids, and endoscopic dilation. With no formal definition and a variety of clinical presentations and endoscopic findings, diagnosis and management of symptomatic LE patients is challenging for clinicians.
Caregiver Talk and Medical Risk as Predictors of Language Outcomes in Full Term and Preterm Toddlers.

This study examined associations between caregiver talk and language skills in full term (FT) and preterm (PT) children (n = 97). All-day recordings of caregiver-child interactions revealed striking similarities in amount of caregiver talk heard by FT and PT children. Children who heard more caregiver talk at 16 months demonstrated better knowledge- and processing-based language skills at 18 months. The unique contributions of caregiver talk were tempered by medical risk in PT children, especially for processing speed. However, there was no evidence that birth status or medical risk moderated the effects of caregiver talk. These findings highlight the role of caregiver talk in shaping language outcomes in FT and PT children and offer insights into links between neurodevelopmental risk and caregiver-child engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Seabird Diversity Along a Latitudinal Gradient Within the Drake Passage

Though seabirds constitute only a small portion of all bird species, they are indicators for the health of the marine habitats on which they rely. This is especially true of the seabirds that inhabit the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula. The study of indicator species such as these makes it feasible to track changes in ecosystems that are either complex or otherwise difficult to study. Without data on these indicator species, vital, but difficult to access ecosystems like those in the Southern Ocean are not easily studied. In order to collect data on current Antarctic seabird numbers and distributions, we sampled along a latitudinal transect from 60 o S to 64 o S, from just south of Cape Horn to the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula. This was accomplished during travel across the Drake Passage by sighting and keying all seabirds visible from the bridge of the vessel four times each day, for 15 minutes at a time. Additional data were collected during these periods such as wind speed, sea surface temperature, precipitation and latitude. Data were collected on 19 seabird species and though distributions and abundance vary, a comprehensive analysis was achieved using a linear regression to determine the correlation between species diversity, calculated using the Simpson’s Diversity Index, and latitude. Although the result was not statistically significant, most likely due to the low number of observations, these data still provide valuable reference points by which to track future changes in the marine ecosystems of the Southern Ocean.
Elastic Intramedullary Nailing of a Medial Clavicle Fracture in a Pediatric Patient.

Introduction. Injuries to the medial clavicle in pediatric patients typically involve the physis and/or sternoclavicular joint. Clavicle fractures are one of the most common injuries in children, but ones at its medial end are rare. Most medial clavicle fractures are treated nonoperatively, but surgery is indicated in some cases. This original case report is unique in describing the use of an elastic intramedullary nail for fixation of a completely displaced medial clavicle fracture in a pediatric patient. Case Presentation. A pediatric patient sustained a completely displaced fracture of the medial clavicle. The fracture was lateral to the medial physis of the clavicle and did not involve the sternoclavicular joint. Internal fixation was achieved in an anatomic position with an elastic intramedullary nail. The postoperative course was unremarkable and resulted in complete healing of the fracture in an anatomic position. The patient returned to full activities without any pain or dysfunction. Conclusion. The use of elastic intramedullary nails is a viable option for internal fixation of displaced medial clavicle fractures. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy, potential implant complications, and rehabilitation principles is essential to a successful outcome.
Atmospheric Reaeration of Polluted Streams: The Rate of Atmospheric Reaeration of Sewage Polluted Streams

In all problems of stream sanitation involving the maintenance of an adequate reserve supply of dissolved oxygen for the preservation of fish life or the prevention of nuisance, there are two major...
Nanoplasmonic Phenomena at Electronic Boundaries in Graphene

We review recent discoveries of the intriguing plasmonic phenomena at a variety of electronic boundaries (EBs) in graphene including a line of charges in graphene induced by a carbon nanotube gate, grain boundaries in chemical vapor deposited graphene films, an interface between graphene and moire patterned graphene, an interface between graphene and bilayer graphene, and others. All these and other EBs cause plasmonic impedance mismatch at the two sides of the boundaries. Manifestations of this effect include plasmonic fringes that stem from plasmon reflections and interference. Quantitative analysis and modeling of these plasmonic fringes uncovered intriguing properties and underlying physics of the EBs. Potential plasmonic applications associated with these EBs are also briefly discussed.
Impaired intranuclear trafficking of AML1 causes transformation-coupled arrest of myeloid maturation

6117 The t(8;21) chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemias disrupts the Runx1 ( AML1) gene that is essential for definitive hematopoiesis. The resulting AML-ETO fusion protein, which contains the amino terminal DNA binding domain and nuclear import signal of AML1 but lacks the subnuclear targeting signal (NMTS), functions as a dominant repressor of AML1 function in vivo . Loss of the obligatory AML1 subnuclear targeting signal results in misdirection of this leukemia fusion protein to nuclear microenvironments distinct from AML1 sites. In this study, we directly addressed the contribution of AML1 subnuclear targeting to myeloid differentiation. A single amino acid substitution in the AML1 NMTS that abrogates intranuclear trafficking was introduced. The mutant protein retains the ability to enter the nucleus, binds to DNA and forms nuclear complexes with co-regulatory and signaling proteins. However, the mutant is incapable of association with architecturally organized subnuclear domains. Expression of the mutant AML1 protein blocks differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells to granulocytes. These cells continue to proliferate, maintain an immature blast-like morphology, and exhibit transformed properties that are hallmarks of leukemogenesis. Changes in cell growth and phenotype were reflected by altered gene expression profiles. These findings functionally link fidelity of AML1 subnuclear organization with competency for myeloid differentiation and expression of the transformed/leukemia phenotype.
Wiener’s Literary Predilections and Initiatives. His Concept of Art

Wiener’s literary writings ranged from short story, essay and letter to autobiography and novel. In this literary bent he was more like his mentors Leo Wiener and Bertrand Russell than his mentor G. H. Hardy or his colleague John von Neumann. But unlike some scholars who indulge in hack writing for magazines, Wiener did not regard popular concerns as matters for unscholarly or perfunctory treatment. As a cyberneticist he freely crossed conventional fences in the course of his writings, but he never abandoned high standards of scholarship and a high quality of prose.
The effects of impurity on the stability of Horizontal Ribbon Growth

Abstract This paper quantifies the effects of different operating conditions on the stability of the crystallization interface in the horizontal ribbon growth (HRG) process. Specifically, we perform a linear stability analysis of the base state, and we derive the profiles for thermal, solutal and flow fields with regard to small-amplitude normal mode perturbations of the base state. Within the velocity boundary layer induced by the removal of solid ribbon, a linear Couette flow is assumed; at the outer edge of the boundary layer, all perturbations are assumed to dissipate. Critical operating conditions and the unstable modes have been identified. To that end, we demonstrate that fast pulling velocity (greater than 100 mm/min), low wedge factors (the ratio of the length to the thickness of the wafer is less than 500), and insufficient heat removal (temperature gradient G l is less than 200 K/cm) lead to instabilities. A finite bandwidth of wavenumber for instability occurs for all the unstable modes.
Caudate nucleus as a component of networks controlling behavior.

The striatum participates in parallel corticobasal ganglia–thalamocortical loops interconnecting its different territories with areas of the frontal lobe, forming partially segregated motor, oculomotor, associative, and limbic circuits.1 Human studies using resting-state fMRI2–4 and diffusion tensor imaging5–10 confirm the presence of a functional parcellation of the human striatum, particularly the caudate nucleus,11 based on segregated corticostriatal connections. However, the corticostriatal connections are complex, and there are extensive interactions among functional territories.12 Furthermore, the distinct territories of the striatum are functionally linked to cortical networks rather than specific cortical regions.13 There are specific patterns of coactivation of different portions of the striatum and cerebral cortex across distinct psychological tasks, which only partially overlap the parcellation of the striatum based on steady-state connectivity.14 The caudate nucleus contains several neuronal clusters that are functionally connected to cortical areas that are part of distributed networks involved in cognitive and emotional processing. This extensive connectivity explains the profound impairment in multiple cognitive and behavioral domains resulting from lesions of the caudate nucleus in humans.15,16 The following 2 representative cases illustrate the profound consequences of caudate lesions in cognition and behavior and the associated widespread changes in frontal lobe metabolism.
Direct products of groups and regular orbits

Abstract We prove the following result. Let p be a prime, and let G be a finite p-solvable group that is a direct product of two non-cyclic subgroups of coprime order, and let V be some faithful irreducible module for G over some field in characteristic p. Then G has a regular orbit, that is, there exists some v ∈ V such that C G ( v ) = 1 .
Optimizing the formation of colloidal compounds with components of different shapes.

By introducing favorable inter-species interactions, stoichiometric compound phases (C*), akin to intermetallic alloys, can be formed by binary mixtures of nanoparticle components of different shapes. The stability of such C* phases is expected to be affected by asymmetries in both the energetics of like vs. unlike species contacts, and the packing entropy of components, as captured by their shapes and relative sizes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we explore the effect of changes in size ratio (for fixed contact energy) and in binding energy (for fixed size ratio) in the stability of the CsCl compound phase for equimolar mixtures of octahedra and spheres and of the NaCl compound for equimolar mixtures of cubes and spheres. As a general design rule, it is proposed that enhanced compound stability is associated with inter-species interactions that minimize the free-energy of the C* phase at coexistence with the (disordered) phase that is stable at lower concentrations. For the systems studied, this rule id...
Blueberry metabolites restore cell surface glycosaminoglycans and attenuate endothelial inflammation in diabetic human aortic endothelial cells.

Abstract Background Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), a major component of the endothelial glycocalyx, is severely perturbed in diabetic vasculature leading to endothelial inflammation and vascular disease in diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that blueberry metabolites (BBM) ameliorate endothelial inflammation in diabetic endothelial cells (ECs) by restoring cell surface GAGs. Methods ECs isolated from healthy individuals [human aortic ECs (HAECs)] and diabetic patients (diabetic HAECs) were treated with ±BBM (benzoic acid-4-sulfate, hippuric acid, hydroxyhippuric acid, isovanillic acid-3-sulfate, and vanillic acid-4-sulfate at concentrations known to circulate in human plasma following blueberry consumption) for 3 days, and indices for endothelial inflammation were measured. To analyze GAGs, ECs were incubated with sulfate-free medium supplemented with [ 35 S] Na 2 SO 4 ± BBM. Total GAGs in ECs and medium were purified using DEAE-Sepharose column and were analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to an inline flow scintillation analyzer. Heparan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate ratio and disaccharide composition of GAGs from the medium were analyzed using DEAE-3SW column and Dionex CarboPac PA1 column, respectively. Results BBM suppressed diabetes-induced monocyte binding to ECs, and reduced the expression of inflammatory markers in diabetic HAECs. Diabetic HAECs displayed a decrease in [ 35 S] sulfate incorporation into the cell surface GAGs indicating the dysregulation of sulfated GAGs. However, treatment with BBM restored the levels of GAGs in diabetic HAECs. The composition, heparan sulfate/chondroitin sulfate ratio, and disaccharide composition of GAGs from medium were similar among groups . Conclusions BBM restored cell surface GAGs and attenuated endothelial inflammation in diabetic HAECs. Blueberry might complement conventional therapies to improve vascular complications in diabetes.
Designing and Planning for Mass Customization in a Large Scale Global Production System

An approach to the analysis of the design, planning, and operation of a global, large scale, mass customization production system is presented. Methods used to perform this analysis include discrete event simulation and statistical analytical modeling techniques. First, a detailed literature survey of the area is presented, followed by a description of the approach and then a short case study.
Worry and rumination: Explanatory roles in the relation between pain and anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students with pain

Objective: Pain affects a significant proportion of college students in the United States and has been linked to anxiety and depressive symptoms. Rumination and worry, two transdiagnostic factors l...
Utility, Legitimacy and Punishment

The theoretical questions of this study are formulated on two levels. Basically, there is the question of the role of social norms in explanations of compliance in fisheries. In its most simple form, this question relates to the traditional distinction between the social, normatively oriented actor and the atomized, rational, utility maximising, self-interested individual. These two models have often been regarded as mutually exclusive in their pure and extreme forms. However, evaluating the relevance of these two models demanding that reality matches one or other pure type perfectly excludes us from making interesting analyses. A far more interesting question is the extent to which the two models are capable of contributing to an understanding of compliance. A complete understanding is likely to contain elements of both.
Sensing and Control in Glass Additive Manufacturing

Abstract There has been tremendous interest in the Additive Manufacturing (AM) of polymers, metals, and ceramics leading to a wealth of research and development of these processes. By contrast, there has been little attention paid to AM processes for glass. This paper presents a custom-made glass additive machine. A CO2 laser is used to generate a molten pool of glass into which glass filaments are fed. A motion system is used to trace a layer, after which the build platform is lowered to fabricate the next layer. Two of the unique issues that must be addressed in the AM of glass are 1) various mechanisms can cause the formation of bubbles that deteriorate part optical and mechanical properties and 2) significant processing forces can move the melt pool away from its desired location. In this paper a melt pool temperature controller is designed to regulate the melt pool temperature at a constant value and a path and trajectory generation algorithm is constructed to maintain a constant glass filament feed direction relative to the scan velocity. The experimental results demonstrate that the melt pool temperature controller is able to avoid bubble formation over a wide range of build speeds and that the path planned directional-control is able to maintain good dimensional accuracy throughout closed contours. The capabilities of the AM for glass machine are demonstrated on a thin-walled, multi-layer star pattern and a spring in which the material is printed in freespace without the need for support structures.
Development and Deployment of an Open, Modular, Near-Real-Time Patient Monitor Datastream Conduit Toolkit to Enable Healthcare Multimodal Data Fusion in a Live Emergency Department Setting for Experimental Bedside Clinical Informatics Research

Healthcare providers rely on complex biomedical devices to assess, treat, and monitor patients. Ongoing research efforts are attempting to generate and implement better algorithms and mechanisms to ensure the early, accurate, automated, and clinically meaningful recognition of patterns and changes in patient health and pathology. Effecting such evolutionary advances in patient monitoring will likely require large collections of high-resolution physiologic parameter datasets from a broad spectrum of patients. As part of a research program to scientifically improve patient monitoring (with a focus on alarm fatigue mitigation), investigators developed the Medical Technology Interface-Open/Research toolkit with modular conduit components that provide the following capabilities: 1) access to select bedside monitor physiologic signals in real-world clinical settings for near-real-time acquisition, storage, and export of high-resolution patient datastreams in a portable format (.json); 2) establishment of a safe, parallel test environment at the bedside for experimental datastream analyses in a research framework. Deployment and interfacing of toolkit elements with off-the-shelf software solutions in a live emergency department setting enabled the construction of a bedside clinical informatics (BCI) research pipeline infrastructure that featured 1) indexing, search/query, and retrieval of datastreams for sophisticated analyses, experimental processing, and algorithm development; and 2) dataset visualization for expert adjudication of datastream interpretability, alarm clinical significance and severity, and experimental algorithm performance. In order to help institute a collaborative biomedical engineering research resource, this article shares details of the active ED BCI data pipeline and presents preliminary examples of ongoing multimodal data fusion applications.
N-parameter Fibonacci AF-Algebras are Isomorphic to Their Transpose AF-Algebras

An n-parameter Fibonacci AF-algebra $$\mathcal A$$ is any stationary AF $$C^*$$ -algebra with incidence matrix K of the form: $$\begin{aligned} K=\left( \begin{array}{ccccc}m_1&{}\quad m_2&{}\quad \cdots &{}\quad m_{n-1}&{}\quad m_n\\ 1&{}\quad 0&{}\quad \cdots &{}\quad 0&{}\quad 0\\ 0&{}\quad 1&{}\quad \cdots &{}\quad 0&{}\quad 0\\ \vdots &{}\quad \vdots &{}\quad \ddots &{}\quad \vdots &{}\quad \vdots \\ 0&{}\quad 0&{}\quad \cdots &{}\quad 1&{}\quad 0\end{array}\right) , \end{aligned}$$ where $$n\ge 2$$ and the $$m_i$$ are nonnegative integers with $$m_n\not =0$$ . We write $${\mathcal {A}}={\mathcal {A}}_K$$ . The main result of the present paper is that $${\mathcal {A}}_K$$ is isomorphic to its transpose AF-algebra, $${\mathcal {A}}_{K^t}$$ .
New, sensitive behavioral assay shows scorpions are attracted to multiple wavelengths of light

Scorpions fluoresce a bright green when under ultraviolet light, but the functional significance of the fluorescence is still unknown. A major challenge in studying scorpion fluorescence is the lack of efficient methods for testing the behavioral photosensitivity of scorpions. We have modified previous assays to produce a more sensitive testing device. The apparatus consists of a circular track made of a small Petri dish nested inside a larger one, with an LED shining from the inner chamber across a small sector of the track. We monitored the scorpions' movements in the arenas under three light wavelengths: ultraviolet (399 nm), yellow-green (566 nm), and red (630 nm); all wavelengths were matched to a nighttime light intensity (0.01 irradians). We also tracked each animal's movements in the absence of light as a control. The animals were attracted to 399 and 566 nm light and also showed some attraction to 630 nm. Furthermore, earlier studies suggest that scorpion photoreceptors form a homogeneous population that has been physiologically shown to be maximally sensitive to green wavelengths. We hypothesize that the photoreceptor population might be somewhat responsive to red light too, suggesting that the photoreceptors may respond to a broad spectrum of light or that the photoreceptor population may not be as homogeneous as previously thought. The strong response to UV light, as has been seen in other behavioral assays, remains enigmatic. Overall, this new assay is more sensitive than previous assays for detecting scorpion photoresponse and will be useful for future studies.
Downregulation of 14-3-3 Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

One of the most abundant proteins expressed in the brain, 14-3-3 comprises about 1% of the brain's total soluble proteins. The 14-3-3 isoforms bind to specific phosphoserine- and phosphothreonine-containing motifs found on a variety of signaling proteins (kinases and transcription factors, among others) to regulate a wide array of cellular processes including cell cycling, apoptosis, and autophagy. Previously, we described the expression of different 14-3-3 isoforms in the rat frontal cortex and reported their downregulation in a rodent model of neurodegeneration. To further investigate possible roles of 14-3-3 proteins in neurodegeneration, the present study examined different 14-3-3 isoforms in the frontal cortex of postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and control subjects. Among the different 14-3-3 isoforms in the human frontal cortex, the relative abundance of expression is in the following order: 14-3-3-eta > tau > sigma > gamma > epsilon > zeta/delta > beta/alpha. These relative abundance levels of different 14-3-3 isoforms in human frontal cortex closely resemble those in rat frontal cortex, suggesting a conserved expression pattern of different 14-3-3 isoforms in mammalian species. In the AD samples, there was a significant decrease in total 14-3-3 levels and the 14-3-3-eta and 14-3-3-gamma isoforms, while no significant difference in the expression level of other 14-3-3 isoforms between AD and control brains was detected. Together, these results demonstrate an abundance of several 14-3-3 isoforms in the frontal cortex and that a downregulation of total 14-3-3 protein levels and specific 14-3-3 isoforms is associated with neurodegeneration. Given the known function of 14-3-3 proteins as inhibitors of apoptosis, the present results suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may play an important role in neurodegeneration and deserve further investigations into AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Output-feedback Linear Quadratic Robust Control under Actuation and Deception Attacks

We consider output-feedback robust control of a linear system subject to disturbances and noise and in presence of an attacker who: 1) can corrupt the measured output (deception attack) and, 2) can introduce perturbations to the control signal (actuation attack). We consider an open-loop control problem over a finite horizon which models the scenario where feedback control could be stopped if one is certain that an attack is ongoing. We formulate this problem as a zero-sum game between a defender that selects the control signal based on a measured output and an attacker that selects the attack signals. The game has asymmetric information in that the defender only knows the measured output, whereas the attacker knows additional information, which includes the value of initial conditions and disturbances/measurement noise. The main contributions are (i) sufficient conditions for the existence of a Nash equilibrium corresponding to a saddle-point for the defender and (ii) a computationally efficient procedure to compute a pair of policies that form a Nash equilibrium for the game. We apply the procedure to a finite horizon linear quadratic control problem.
Dosage Regimens for Meropenem in Children with Pseudomonas Infections Do Not Meet Serum Concentration Targets.

There have been literature reports that some recommended meropenem dosage regimens may fail to meet therapeutic targets in some high-risk children and adults. We evaluated this observation in children using literature studies conducted in infants and children. Observed and, as necessary, simulated data from the literature were combined, yielding a data set of 288 subjects (1 day to ~ 17 years). A population pharmacokinetic model was fit to the data and then used to simulate the recommended dosing regimens and estimate the proportion of subjects achieving recommended target exposures. A two-compartment model best fit the data with weight, postnatal age, gestational age, and serum creatinine as covariates. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dosing regimens achieved targets in ~ 90% or more of subjects less than 3 months of age for organisms with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)'s of 2 and 4 mg/L; however, only 68.4% and 41.7% of subjects older than 3 months and weighing 3 months" corrected to "less than 3 months".]. Moreover, for subjects weighing more than 50 kg, only 41.3% and 17% achieved these respective targets. Simulation studies were used to explore the impact of changing dose, dosing interval, and infusion duration on the likelihood of achieving therapeutic targets in these groups. Our findings illustrate that current dosing recommendations for children over 3 months of age fail to meet therapeutic targets in an unacceptable fraction of patients. Further investigation is needed to develop new dosing strategies in these patients.
Remyelination and the gut-brain axis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects over 2.5 million people worldwide. Most patients develop a relapsing−remitting disease in their second or third decade, although some have a progressive disease from onset. Many of those with relapsing−remitting disease eventually progress into a secondary progressive phase in which there is no improvement, and, like primary progressive MS, there is a gradual worsening of clinical disease (1). In early disease, an immune-mediated inflammatory attack in the CNS leads to myelin loss (demyelination) and the beginning of axon and neuronal loss (2⇓–4). Inflammatory T cells play a key role in driving the disease in association with an innate immune response, and the activation of resident microglia. As myelin breaks down, macrophages infiltrate from the periphery. There are now many disease-modifying therapies that target the inflammatory and immune response and benefit many MS patients by reducing the relapse rate and severity of disease (1). However, none of these therapies have been clearly shown to promote restoration of myelin on demyelinated axons (remyelination), either in relapsing−remitting or progressive disease. Indeed, the greatest challenge in MS research at present is how to prevent or stop progression associated with axon loss in progressive disease (5). The most discussed approach to this issue is to develop therapies that promote remyelination. Remyelination will not only restore conduction and subsequent neurologic function (6), but will also protect axons from degenerating (7⇓⇓–10). Thus, enhancing remyelination is currently a much sought-after therapeutic strategy. In PNAS, McMurran et al. (11) investigate the previously unstudied connection between the microbiome and the CNS innate immune response, and, in particular, whether manipulation of the microbiome can promote remyelination (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Remyelination is not enhanced by microbiome manipulation. A schematic of … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ian.duncan{at}wisc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Chronic Pain and Sleep Disturbances: A Pragmatic Review of Their Relationships, Comorbidities, and Treatments

Objective The objective of this review is to answer three questions: 1) How are chronic pain severity and pain duration affected in patients with chronic pain and sleep disturbances that occur simultaneously? 2) What are common comorbidities and pain-related symptoms seen in patients with chronic pain and sleep disturbances? and 3) What are potentially effective pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options for both conditions? Methods Ovid Medline and PubMed were searched. Search terms included sleep wake disorder, chronic pain, fibromyalgia, treatment outcome, psychotherapy, complementary therapies, and therapeutics. Studies that assessed outcomes between individuals with chronic pain and those with concurrent chronic pain and sleep disturbances were included. Randomized controlled clinical trials of treatments for both conditions were included. Results Sixteen studies indicated that patients with both chronic pain and sleep disturbances have greater pain severity, longer duration of pain, greater disability, and are less physically active than those without sleep disturbances. Patients with both conditions are more likely to have concurrent depression, catastrophizing, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Thirty-three randomized controlled trials assessed treatment for both chronic pain and sleep disturbances. Pregabalin was the most frequently studied medication, showing improvement in pain and sleep symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia showed long-term improvement in sleep for patients with chronic pain. Conclusions Individuals with chronic pain and sleep disturbances have greater symptom severity, longer duration of symptoms, more disability, and additional comorbidities. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments may be useful in the treatment of concurrent chronic pain and sleep disturbances, but further study is needed.
Empathy as Spontaneous Communication: At the Intersection of the Traditional Social and Behavioral Sciences and the New Affective and Communication Sciences

Humans have within an ongoing symphony of feelings and desires functioning as voices of the genes. Genes also broadcast their voices outside the individual organism to the world via the displays and preattunements of spontaneous communication. In this chapter, we first consider subjectively experienced affect, the roles of the individual expressivity of senders and accuracy of receivers in communication, and dyad-level accuracy in unique sender-receiver pairings. Second, we consider the development of empathy, dyad-level variables such as interpersonal immediacy and synchrony, selfish gene theory, and expressivity as a marker of honest signaling and trustworthiness. We then consider emotion and empathy in media communication including the uncanny valley, trust in machines, empathy in entertainment including silly love songs and motion pictures, and the “empathy molecule” oxytocin.
Transcendence and Imminence in Psychotherapy

The traditional dilemma of the compatibility of religion and psychotherapy is discussed within the context of maturing beyond the language and behavior of the imminent, i.e., the here-and-now. Transcendence is presented as a model for therapist and therapeutic methodology.
Nonequilibrium Green's Function and First-Principles Approach to Modeling of Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions

Multiferroic tunnel junctions (MFTJs) have seen time in the spotlight lately, due to their high tunneling electroresistance and nonvolatility, which are appealing for digital memory devices. In this theoretical analysis of MFTJs, time-dependent perturbation theory yields the relation between ferroelectric polarization and ferromagnetic order at the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic interface. Furthermore, parameters for simulations are estimated from density functional theory and experimental results, and a comprehensive examination of tunneling electroresistance and tunneling magnetoresistance is conducted.
Stem cell therapy for the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy: A systematic literature review

Summary Purpose Lateral elbow tendinopathy is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 40% in the general population. The purpose of this study was to complete a systematic review to identify the potential of stem cell therapy based on the current evidence in the treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy. Methodology A systematic review through the Ovid, Medline, and Cochrane Review databases was performed with the search terms of lateral epicondylitis, tendinopathy, tennis elbow, stem cell, bone marrow, treatment, and therapy. Results The systematic review initially identified 816 articles from three databases. Five studies met the inclusion criteria. The five studies evaluated four different stem cell preparations including autologous tenocytes, skin-derived tenocyte-like cells, allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and bone marrow aspirate. Conclusion While a majority of lateral elbow tendinopathy cases resolve in a timely manner with no or limited intervention, recovery can be a delayed process for a small percentage of patients. The role of emerging treatment options has not been established. Stem cell therapy is an option for refractory cases, but current evidence is poor. Early findings demonstrated significant improvements in imaging and functional outcomes, but findings were limited by lack of control arms or other treatment arms for comparison. Further large, controlled studies are needed to evaluate safety, efficacy in order to establish the role of stem cell therapy in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy.
Market Response to Macroeconomic Announcements under Optimal Attention Allocation: Theory and Evidence

I develop a model of investor behavior around prescheduled macroeconomic announcements. My model analyzes the optimal allocation of investor attention between systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors when a macroeconomic announcement is anticipated. Skilled investors, when producing information under a limited attention capacity, optimally allocate more of their attention to analyzing the idiosyncratic risk factor when they anticipate more precise public information about the systematic risk factor from the macroeconomic announcement. Consequently, my model predicts that, the more informative (precise) the macroeconomic announcement is expected to be about the underlying risk factors, ceteris paribus, the more uncertainty pre-announcement, the more resolution of uncertainty post-announcement, and the higher the trading volume around the announcement on the market index. My empirical analysis of trading by investors around both FOMC and CPI announcements support my model's predictions. In particular, my empirical findings are consistent with model predictions about the effect of the anticipated macroeconomic announcement precision on investor attention allocation, the effect of investor attention on the levels of pre-announcement and post-announcement trading volumes, and the effect of investor attention on the ratio of post-announcement trading volume over the pre-announcement trading volume.
Dietary Supplementation of Baicalein Affects Gene Expression in Broiler Adipose Tissue During the First Week Post-hatch

Dietary supplementation of baicalein, a flavonoid, has anti-obesity effects in mammals and broiler chickens. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary baicalein supplementation on broiler growth and adipose tissue and breast muscle deposition. Fifty Hubbard × Cobb-500 day-of-hatch broiler chicks were assigned to a control starter diet or control diet supplemented with 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg baicalein and diets were fed for the first 6 days post-hatch. Body weight, average daily body weight gain, and average daily food intake were all reduced by 500 mg/kg baicalein. Breast muscle and subcutaneous and abdominal fat weights were also reduced in chicks that consumed the baicalein-supplemented diets. mRNAs for genes encoding factors involved in adipogenesis and fat storage, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase 2, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, perilipin-1, and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, were more highly expressed in the adipose tissue of broilers supplemented with baicalein than the controls, independent of depot. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma mRNAs, involved in triacylglycerol synthesis and adipogenesis, respectively, were greater in subcutaneous than abdominal fat, which may contribute to differences in expansion rates of these depots. Results demonstrate effects of dietary supplementation of baicalein on growth performance in broilers during the early post-hatch stage and molecular effects in major adipose tissue depots. The mild reduction in food intake coupled to slowed rate of breast muscle and adipose tissue accumulation may serve as a strategy to modulate broiler growth and body composition to prevent metabolic and skeletal disorders later in life.
Imagining the 'structural' in medical education and practice in the United States: A curricular investigation.

Abstract A number of conceptual frameworks have emerged with the goal of helping clinicians understand and navigate the intersections of the health system and broader political, economic, and cultural processes when they care for patients. In this study, we analyze the impact that one emerging framework, “structural competency,” had on medical students' and physicians' understanding of societal problems affecting patient health and the practices of health systems. In this sub-analysis of a longitudinal qualitative study conducted between August and December 2020, we analyzed 19 semi-structured interviews with 7 first-year medical students, 7 upper-level medical students, and 5 physician course facilitators who participated in a course called Introduction to Medicine and Society at an medical school in the United States affiliated with a large urban academic medical center. This paper focuses on three main findings: how medical students and faculty describe “structures” and their effects on patients and patient care; how they use or imagine using structural competency to improve patient-physician communication and work interprofessionally to address social needs; and the emotional and personal reactions that confronting societal challenges provokes. We conclude that structural competency enhances existing efforts to improve patient-physician communication and to address patients' social needs. However, we highlight how structural competency efforts might fall short of their goal to shift physicians’ perspectives “upstream” to the determinants of health due to both critical ambiguities in the concept and inattention to the emotional and personal impacts of addressing societal problems in the clinic. These findings have practical implications for how clinicians are trained to act on societal issues from within the health system and conceptual implications for refining how existing frameworks and curricula conceive of the intersection between healthcare and broader processes.
Short-term electric power load forecasting based on cosine radial basis function neural networks: An experimental evaluation: Research Articles

This article presents the results of a study aimed at the development of a system for short-term electric power load forecasting. This was attempted by training feedforward neural networks (FFNNs) and cosine radial basis function (RBF) neural networks to predict future power demand based on past power load data and weather conditions. This study indicates that both neural network models exhibit comparable performance when tested on the training data but cosine RBF neural networks generalize better since they outperform considerably FFNNs when tested on the testing data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 591–605, 2005.
Frédéric Bastiat as an Accountant

Frederic Bastiat (1801-1850) is primarily known for his writings in economics, especially in the area of international trade. However, he worked as an accountant in his early years and some of his writings take an accounting approach. This paper will examine the influence of accounting on his writings. Particular attention will be paid to his accounting approach toward the measurement and relevance of trade deficits, his application of the theory of opportunity cost, which was ahead of its time, and how he used accounting principles in his debate with Proudhon on the justification of interest. A bibliography with links to other Bastiat studies is also included.