cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3891: Hornerin: a novel, non-VEGF mediated human tumor angiogenic protein.

Angiogenesis is vital to the growth, progression and ultimately metastasis of tumors. As such, many therapies have attempted to eradicate tumors through anti-angiogenic strategies. Most current and past preclinical and clinically approved therapies focus on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Unfortunately, these VEGF therapies have not shown much success, leading oncologists and scientists to become pessimistic about the usefulness of targeting angiogenesis as an anti-tumor strategy. Compensatory pathways may explain the lack of efficacy. Therapies against novel and/or non-VEGF proteins could hold the key to effective anti-angiogenic cancer therapies. Therefore, we used an in vivo phage display screen to find new, non-VEGF mediated angiogenic proteins. After phage selection, non-VEGF binding phage clones were identified by screening on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) treated with tumor conditioned media, VEGF conditioned media or vehicle control. Those that bound tumor conditioned media, but not VEGF conditioned media were selected for binding partner identification via functional proteomics pioneered in our lab. The binding partner of one clone was identified as hornerin, a previously unknown player in tumor angiogenesis. Subsequent validation of hornerin by mRNA expression, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry showed that hornerin was indeed not induced by VEGF. Hornerin expression was 7-fold more in resected human PDAC tumor vasculature than adjacent normal pancreatic vasculature. Interestingly, hornerin expression was also detected in tumor cells of resected human PDAC and 20 other types of tumors, providing a potential new biomarker of pancreatic and other cancers. A functional role in angiogenesis was confirmed by intratumoral injection of short siRNA against endothelial hornerin; treated tumor growth was static and tumor vessels displayed a more physiologic phenotype. Combination therapy consisting of siRNA against hornerin and a VEGF inhibitor (AV-951) produced additive reduction of tumor growth, consistent with the existence of separate and/or compensatory pathways. The discovery of novel, non-VEGF mediated angiogenic proteins provides the potential to develop therapies that synergize with current anti-VEGF therapies. One such protein, hornerin was identified by our in vivo phage screen and shown to be functionally important in angiogenesis. Future studies include identifying the growth factor responsible for endothelial expression, understanding hornerin9s mechanism and role in pathologic angiogenesis, and designing new therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Marc E. Seaman, Kimberly A. Kelly. Hornerin: a novel, non-VEGF mediated human tumor angiogenic protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3891. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3891
The evaluation, classification and interpretation of expressions

This paper is concerned with certain expressions which have values or which describe things, which will be called 'applicative expressions' (or AEs). This paper is divided into two parts: the first part describes one method of evaluating AEs; the second part describes AEs which are equivalent to regular expressions and Backus Normal Form expressions, and interprets these expressions in several different ways. They are interpreted as languages, recognizers for membership of a language, programs, state diagrams and sequential circuits.Applicative expressions are structured objects and should be distinguished from languages. Their operator-operand structure is always represented in the same way and is independent of the operator and operand.
Computer based information systems for the small firm: Why? Cost? Caveats, functional needs, contracts

The following article presents advice to the small business considering automation of information flows. Topics discussed are, why and when to automate, the costs of automation, how to avoid failure, how to specify functional needs, and what to expect from the vendor contract.
Mesenteric mycotic pseudoaneurysm: a hidden catastrophe

We present the radiology surgical correlation in emergency radiology for mesenteric mycotic pseudoaneurysm that was easily overlooked on routine CT in a 23-year-old young man with a chronic history of intravenous drug abuse.
125I-Labeled Peptide Mapping and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography I-Peptide Separation of Protein I of Four Strains of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Abstract 125I-labeled α-chymotryptic peptides of the principal outer membrane proteins (P.Is) of four strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were separated and visualized by two-dimensional (2-D) 125I-peptide mapping and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a Beckman Biogamma counter. In addition, 125I-peptides were recovered from the HPLC separation and re-separated by the 2-D 125I-peptide mapping system. The results indicated that the 2-D 125I-peptide mapping procedure was best suited for comparative analyses of α-chymotryptic digests whereas the HPLC system, which is able to detect many more peptides than the 2-D system, is ideally suited for preparative separation of the 125I-peptides. 125I-peptides separated by HPLC could be recovered, rerun on the 2-D system, and the location of each peptide ascertained. The coupling of these two procedures allows for the isolation of specific 125I-labeled peptides for further immunological and structural analyses of these outer membrane proteins.
Root spreads for polynomials and Hermitian matrix pencils

Abstract Beginning with a polynomial with real roots, a family of polynomials with degree reduced by one is defined using a nonnegative matrix; then the root spreads of the original polynomial and polynomials in the family are compared. There are applications to the spread of the roots of a Hermitian matrix pencil and the root spreads of its principal subpencils having one fewer row and column.
Economic feasibility of adapting crop enterprises to future climate change: a case study of flexible scheduling and irrigation for representative farms in Flathead Valley, Montana, USA

Future climate change directly impacts crop agriculture by altering temperature and precipitation regimes, crop yields, crop enterprise net returns, and net farm income. Most previous studies assess the potential impacts of agricultural adaptation to climate change on crop yields. This study attempts to evaluate the potential impacts of crop producers’ adaptation to future climate change on crop yield, crop enterprise net returns, and net farm income in Flathead Valley, Montana, USA. Crop enterprises refer to the combinations of inputs (e.g., land, labor, and capital) and field operations used to produce a crop. Two crop enterprise adaptations are evaluated: flexible scheduling of field operations; and crop irrigation. All crop yields are simulated using the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model. Net farm income is assessed for small and large representative farms and two soils in the study area. Results show that average crop yields in the future period (2006–2050) without adaptation are between 7% and 48% lower than in the historical period (1960–2005). Flexible scheduling of the operations used in crop enterprises does not appear to be an economically efficient form of crop enterprise adaptation because it does not improve crop yields and crop enterprise net returns in the future period. With irrigation, crop yields are generally higher for all crop enterprises and crop enterprise net returns increase for the canola and alfalfa enterprises but decrease for all other assessed crop enterprises relative to no adaptation. Overall, average crop enterprise net return in the future period is 45% lower with than without irrigation. Net farm income decreases for both the large and small representative farms with both flexible scheduling and irrigation. Results indicate that flexible scheduling and irrigation adaptation are unlikely to reduce the potential adverse economic impacts of climate change on crop producers in Montana’s Flathead Valley.
A functional link between T-type calcium channels and μ-opioid receptor expression in adult primary sensory neurons

The mu-opioid receptor agonists have a preferential effect on nociception in adults but their analgesic effect is less selective in neonates. Here we presented our finding that the mu-opioid receptor agonists had no effect on high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channels (HVACCs) in adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that exhibited a prominent T-type Ca(2+) current. We also determined the mechanisms underlying the mu-opioid agonists' lack of effect on HVACCs in these neurons. The mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), morphine, and morphine 6-beta-D-glucuronide had no effect on either T-type or HVACC currents despite the presence of a large N-type Ca(2+) current in neurons with T-type Ca(2+) currents. DAMGO still had no effect on HVACC currents when T-type Ca(2+) channels were blocked in these neurons. However, intracellular dialysis of GTP-gamma-S to activate G proteins significantly attenuated HVACC currents. DRG neurons with T-type Ca(2+) currents showed little responses to capsaicin. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mu-opioid receptor mRNA was present only in adult DRG neurons lacking prominent T-type Ca(2+) currents. In the neonatal DRG, DAMGO inhibited HVACC currents in 31% neurons with T-type Ca(2+) currents. The mu-opioid receptor mRNA was detected in all neurons without T-type Ca(2+) currents and also in 28.6% of neurons with T-type Ca(2+) currents in the neonatal DRG. Our study provides novel information that adult DRG neurons with prominent T-type Ca(2+) currents do not express mu-opioid receptors. Expression of T-type Ca(2+) (Ca(V)3.2) channels and mu-opioid receptors may be developmentally co-regulated as some DRG neurons differentiate toward becoming nociceptive neurons.
Semi-automated segmentation of pollen grains in microscopic images: a tool for three imaging modes

AbstractImage analysis methods have the potential to increase the accuracy and rates of data collection in palynological research. Automated segmentation of pollen grains is a method that would facilitate image-based palynological analysis by creating large reference image libraries. We developed an executable for the automated segmentation and cropping of pollen grains from microscope images based on pixel intensity values. Our method works with images taken using transmitted-light, widefield-fluorescence, structured illumination (Apotome), and includes a novel approach for cropping the Apotome Z-stack. The system crops pollen grains from sampled fields of view with ~97% recall and ~97% precision for transmitted-light and widefield-fluorescence images, and ~90% recall and ~89% precision for Apotome fluorescence images. Results differed between different imaging wavelengths for fluorescence images, with Apotome images showing the greatest difference between red and green emission wavelengths. Recall in cr...
Businessman and Bureaucrat: The Evolution of the American Social Welfare System, 1900–1940

Between 1900 and 1940, organized industry and the federal government, acting in conjunction with the states, created an American social welfare system. The two major participants in this process evolved along similar lines during this period. Both began as simple organizations and developed into complex, functional bureaucracies. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the federal government did not exist as a social welfare entity. Private corporations, the first to face the administrative and economic problems posed by the development of national markets, created social welfare systems for their employees long before the New Deal. Until the depression, these efforts enjoyed clear supremacy. By the end of the 1930s, however, a distinctly “public” social welfare bureaucracy and program had been developed on the federal level. Corporations and the state underwent similar changes but at different times, and the difference in timing influenced their relations. This essay describes the growth of these public and private bureaucracies and identifies their similarities and differences during the early twentieth century.
Elimination of hydrogen ion by the lamb fetus and newborn.

Extract: Response of the fetal lamb to metabolic acidosis in the absence of hypoxia or maternal acidosis was studied and compared with that of the newborn lamb. Experiments were conducted on nonanesthetized fetuses intact in utero, catheters having been implanted previously at hysterotomy. Metabolic acidosis was produced by infusion of 28 mmoles of lactic or hydrochloric acid (0.25 m) into the femoral vein of fetus or newborn. Similar changes in acid-base state were produced with hydrochloric and lactic acids. In fetuses, pH fell 0.28 pH units; this decrease was greater than that observed in newborns (0.20 pH units). Newborns hyperventilated during and following infusion, lowering by an average of 8 mm Hg and partially compensating for the metabolic acidosis. In fetuses, arterial rose during infusion by an average of 6 mm Hg, but values for in umbilical vein and maternal artery did not change. Thus fetal A-V difference for across the placenta increased, whereas the gradient between fetus and mother remained constant. These observations suggest that fetal ability to compensate for metabolic acidosis is limited by the maternal . Upon completion of the acid infusion, pH rose and base deficit fell at approximately the same rate in both fetus and newborn, but the rate of recovery was slow. After 1 hr, pH was still significantly lower than the control value (by 0.1 pH unit) and base deficit was lower by 9 mEq/liter. By 12 hr, all acid-base values had returned to normal. Speculation: These experiments indicate that the transfer of hydrogen ion across the placenta is relatively slow, even when the circulatory status of both mother and fetus is normal, and there is no fetal hypoxia or uterine contraction. In this respect the placental membrane has properties similar to the blood brain “barrier.” With strong uterine contractions, maternal perfusion of the intervillous space is reduced or ceases, which leads to successive episodes of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. Slow placental transfer of hydrogen ion may explain the development of metabolic acidosis in the fetus during the course of labor.
Magnetization and EPR of a series of Cr3+ squarate dimers

Abstract A series of Cr(III) dimers were synthesized from a parent compound [Cr 2 (μ-oxo) 2 (μ 1,2 -C 4 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·2H 2 O ( I ) by ligand substitution. The compounds have been analyzed using variable frequency EPR (9–110 GHz) and magnetic susceptibility as a function of field (0–9 T) and temperature (1.9–300 K) to obtain their electronic g -values, exchange energies, and zero-field parameters. The parent compound exhibits a broad maximum around 34 K characteristic of a dimer with antiferromagnetic coupling that fit the Van Vleck susceptibility model well. It was found that the maxima could be tuned from 34 to 80 K by ligand substitution of the waters. Each compound possesses a characteristic color spanning the range of teal to pink. The g -value of each compound was found to be ∼1.98 using spectral simulation. The DMSO derivative is water soluble and has a high LC 50 for PC3 cancer cells, suggesting its use as a magnetic resonance imaging agent. X-ray crystal structure of the DMSO derivative [Cr 2 (μ-oxo) 2 (μ 1,2 -C 4 O 4 ) 2 (C 2 H 6 SO) 4 ]·2H 2 O ( II ) revealed that the DMSO ligands are equatorial, and the squarate groups bridge the two chromiums. This is in contrast to the previously proposed structure of the parent compound where the water ligands were axial and the equatorial squarate groups did not bridge the chromiums. These compounds are interesting because of their ease of synthesis, and their wide range of magnetic behavior. The compounds are good probes into antiferromagnetic dimer exchange by controlling the ligand field surrounding the superexchange pathway present in the molecule.
Microorganisms on Commercially Processed Alaskan Finfish

Whole and processed Alaskan fish were examined for aerobic plate counts, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Washing whole salmon and halibut reduced skin microbial counts from 103/cm2 to 102/cm2. Whole and dressed fish had coliform counts less than 13/cm2 and E. coli counts less than 0.3/cm2. Alaska pollock and Pacific cod fillets had microbial counts between 103/g and 106/g, coliform counts less than 70/g, and E. coli counts less than 4/g. Whole fish contained microbial flora predominated by Moraxella species whereas dressed fish and fillets had microbial flora consisting of Arthrobacter/Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas species. Microorganisms on conveyor belts and other contact surfaces may have contributed contaminants to fillets.
Association between Semen Exposure and Incident Bacterial Vaginosis

Objective. To identify correlates of incident bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed with Nugent scoring among high-risk women. Study Design. We conducted both cohort and case-crossover analyses, stratified by HIV infection status, based on 871 HIV-infected and 439 HIV-uninfected participants in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study, conducted in 4 US sites in 1993–2000. Results. BV incidence was 21% and 19% among HIV-infected and -uninfected women, respectively. Fewer correlates of BV were found with case-crossover than with cohort design. Reporting frequent coitus (regardless of consistency of condom use) was correlated with BV in cohort analyses but not in case-crossover analyses. The sole correlate of BV in both types of analyses was the detection of spermatozoa on Gram stain, which is a marker of semen exposure. Conclusion. The inconsistent association between condom use and BV in prior studies could be from reporting bias. We found evidence of a relationship between semen exposure and incident BV.
Finite Element Analysis in 3D Using the Penalty Boundary Method

Traditional methods for applying boundary conditions in finite element analysis require the mesh to conform to the geometry boundaries. This in turn requires complex meshing algorithms for automated mesh generation from CAD geometry, particularly when using quadrilateral and hexahedral elements. The 3D extension of the penalty boundary method (PBM) is presented as a method that significantly reduces the time required generating finite element models because the mesh is not required to conform to the CAD geometry. The PBM employs penalty methods to apply boundary conditions on a simple, regular mesh. The PBM also eliminates discretization error because boundary conditions are applied using CAD geometry directly rather than an approximation of the geometry.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Transport diffusion and self-diffusion of benzene in NaX and CaX zeolite crystals studied by ZLC and tracer ZLC methods

Abstract Transport and self-diffusion of benzene in NaX and CaX zeolite crystals has been studied by zero length column (ZLC) and tracer ZLC methods. In order to investigate the possible intrusion of extracrystalline mass transfer limitations a series of experiments was performed in which the sample quantity, crystal size, sorbate partial pressure and the nature of the purge gas (He or N 2 ) were changed. At higher sorbate pressures and with larger samples the intrusion of external effects becomes evident but, under properly selected conditions, with sufficiently large crystals, desorption rates are clearly controlled by intracrystalline diffusion. Under these conditions there is good agreement between the limiting transport and tracer exchange diffusivities, confirming the absence of any heat transfer limitation. Diffusivities for benzene-NaX are consistent with earlier reported ZLC values but are substantially smaller than the values obtained from PFG NMR self-diffusion measurements. Diffusivities for benzene-CaX are somewhat smaller than for the NaX system but the trends with concentration are similar. In the presence of water vapour the diffusivity is increased slightly but the effect is not dramatic.
The impact of implementing the airline deregulation act on stock returns

Between 1978 and 1985, the airline industry underwent a period of phased-in deregulation. Airline deregulation resulted from passage of the Airline Deregulation Act on October 24, 1978. This paper investigates the impact of two main provisions of this Act on the security returns in the airline industry. Using event study methodology, this study examines the impact of (1) airlines becoming responsible for determining their domestic routes and schedules (December 31, 1981) and (2) airlines being allowed to set domestic fares and engage in price competition (January 1, 1983) on the returns of a sample of airline common stocks. The study finds a positive market response around the phase-in provision permitting airlines to assume responsibility for determining their domestic routes and schedules, but a negative response around the phase-in provision allowing airlines to set domestic fares and engage in price competition.
Attributes and Perceived Benefits of Women's Health Care Services

To protect against declining admission rates and revenues, many hospitals are introducing innovative services to attract patients and physicians to their facilities. Women's health programs have been developed and offered in many markets consistent with this need. This paper examines the actions that hospitals have taken to date, and compares them to the attributes that have been cited in the literature that are seen to influence patient choice. The paper provides a framework which can be used to more effectively define and target programs of this type.
Examination of the Relationship Between Teacher Praise and Opportunities for Students with EBD to Respond to Academic Requests

Providing students with opportunities to respond to academic requests (OTR) and praise have been identified as effective teaching practices. Because academic difficulty is a primary characteristic of students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), receiving adequate OTR and praise are crucial for ameliorating their academic deficits. Although a relationship between rates of OTR and teacher praise has been suggested, the nature of this relationship is largely unknown.The purpose of this article was to investigate this relationship through an examination of the significance and magnitude of the relation between teacher praise and OTR in classrooms for students with EBD using time-window sequential analysis. Results suggested that (a) a summary-level relationship represented by a significant positive correlation and (b) a significant sequential association existed between teacher praise and OTR. Implications for future research and study limitations are discussed.
Creating Continuous Linear Lesions in the Atria: A Comparison of the Multipolar Ablation Technique Versus the Conventional Drag-and-Burn

Creating Continuous Linear Lesions. Introduction: Catheter-based treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) requires the isolation of the triggering foci as well as modification of the atria with substrate that sustains AF. The creation of linear lesions in the left atrium with standard radiofrequency ablative methods requires long procedural times with unpredictable results. Methods: The simultaneous delivery of phase-shifted radiofrequency energy from a multipolar catheter was compared to the conventional drag-and-burn technique for creating linear lesions in 10 dogs. Four atrial sites were targeted under intracardiac ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance in each of 10 dogs. The conventional drag-and-burn technique or the multipolar phase-shifted ablation catheter was randomly applied for 60 seconds and compared. Results: Creating linear lesions using the simultaneous multipolar phase-shifted ablation catheter was on average 11.0 minutes faster (33.6 minutes vs 44.6 minutes, P < 0.01) than the drag-and-burn method. The fraction of the lesion length achieved using phase-shifted ablation compared to that intended was 23% greater (76% vs 53%, P < 0.01), and has less discontinuities (0.1 compared to 0.8 discontinuities/line, P < 0.003). There was no significant difference in either the lesion transmurality, or fluoroscopy times. Conclusion:.The simultaneous delivery of phase-shifted, radiofrequency energy using a multipolar catheter is more effective and efficient in producing linear lesions than the traditional drag-and-burn technique. Using the multipolar ablative method to create linear lesions may be a useful technique in the treatment of patients with substrate-mediated atrial fibrillation.
Serologic Profiles Aiding the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Gastrointestinal Dysmotility

Background & Aims: Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility is a limited autoimmune dysautonomia occurring idiopathically or in the context of an anatomically remote neoplasm, previously documented or unsuspected. Here we report 24 Mayo Clinic patients in whom the profile of serum autoantibodies aided this diagnosis. Methods: All patients were ascertained serologically in the course of service evaluation for autoantibodies consistent with neurologic autoimmunity. Review of their histories, motility studies, and laboratory findings revealed that all had presented with subacute gastrointestinal dysmotility. Results: Recorded motility abnormalities included esophageal dysmotility 8 (6 had achalasia), delayed gastric emptying 12, slow small intestinal transit 7, slow colonic transit 4, and pelvic floor dyssynergia 4. Four patients underwent abdominal surgery; 2 commenced total parenteral nutrition. Plasma membrane cation channel autoantibodies were detected in 23 patients: neuronal voltage-gated calcium channel (5 N-type and 1 P/Q-type), acetylcholine receptor (11 ganglionic-type and 4 muscle-type), and neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel autoantibodies (4). Two patients had antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies, type 1. Approximately half of the patients had neural autoantibodies (including skeletal muscle striational and glutamic acid decarboxylase, 65kd isoform) or other antibody markers of organ-specific autoimmunity (thyroid or gastric parietal cell specificities). Neoplasia was diagnosed in 11 patients (9 recent, 2 remote): lung, breast and endometrial, gastrointestinal and thymoma. Moderate to dramatic improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms was reported after immunotherapy in 4 of 4 patients treated and after pyridostigmine treatment in 2 of 2 patients treated. Conclusions: Autoimmune serology aids the diagnosis of autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility, both paraneoplastic and idiopathic, and might guide management.
A Qualitative Analysis of Privilege Escalation

Many programming bugs can lead to privilege escalation, which is a major security concern. However, there are times when the concern proves to be a false positive. In a previous paper, "An Approach to Analyzing the Windows and Linux Security Models", a set of metrics was proposed to assess risks quantitatively Xinyue Song, et al (2006). However, with the risk quantified, there is still not a clearly defined way of distinguishing between the true and false positives on the continuum of security risks. An effective method needs to be developed to solve this problem. In this paper, a new set of qualitative metrics is proposed in order to draw a correct conclusion on the criticality of a privilege escalation case. This set of qualitative metrics works more effectively to answer this question. Two cases are examined to demonstrate how this set of qualitative metrics works. Through a comparison of these two cases, it is demonstrated that the question of true or false positive to privilege escalation can be answered correctly. Therefore, this is an effective solution in solving this different type of problems
The Role of Biomarkers in Cardiac Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury

Cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury (AKI) is common, affecting up to 40 % of heart surgery patients (depending on the definition used) [1]. Five to ten percent of these patients will require new renal replacement therapy, and this carries a high price in terms of morbidity, mortality and resource utilization [2]. Despite decades of successful animal research, there have been remarkably few positive human clinical trials of cardiac surgery associated-AKI prevention and treatment, and no treatment has been confirmed effective in large, multicenter randomized clinical trials [3]. Much of the problem has been attributed to delayed diagnosis — serum creatinine does not rise until 48 hours after surgery — such that by the time the diagnosis is made, it is too late to intervene. In prevention trials, lack of a clear consensus definition of AKI has hampered endpoint adjudication such that it still remains unclear which therapies may be effective, in which patient subtypes they should be used, and what is the correct time to begin and end them. The advent of a new generation of biomarkers coming hot on the heels of a consensus definition system for AKI [4] means that we may be poised to make significant advances in this area. This chapter reviews the place of existing and novel biomarkers in the diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of cardiac surgery associated-AKI.
Pragmatism, Purpose, and Play: Struggle for the Soul of Physical Education

Pragmatic inclinations focused on health and wellness have begun to shape much of kinesiology. The wisdom of this trend is challenged as it tends to define leadership development. Chief among the problems with this trend is the loss of professional meaning. The inadequacy of pragmatism in establishing meaning for our professional activities is the central critique of this article. Michael Polanyi's understanding of the development of meaning, rooted in his theory of personal knowledge, is the basis for the critique. Polanyi's theory is expounded and then applied to the current pragmatic dispositions of our profession showing that such utilitarian approaches destroy meaning. A reorientation of the profession is then proposed toward a concept that has the capacity to capture a more genuine sense of professional meaning: play.
Carbon sequestration in the U.S. forest sector from 1990 to 2010

Forest inventory data supplemented with data from intensive research sites and models were used to estimate carbon stocks and sequestration rates in U.S. forests, including effects of land use change. Data on the production of wood products and emission from decomposition were used to estimate carbon stocks and sequestration rates in wood products and landfills. From 1990 through 2005, the forest sector (including forests and wood products) sequestered an average 162 Tg C year 1 . In 2005, 49% of the total forest sector sequestration was in live and dead trees, 27% was in wood products in landfills, with the remainder in down dead wood, wood products in use, and forest floor and soil. The pools with the largest carbon stocks were not the same as those with the largest sequestration rates, except for the tree pool. For example, landfilled wood products comprise only 3% of total stocks but account for 27% of carbon sequestration. Conversely, forest soils comprise 48% of total stocks but account for only 2% of carbon sequestration. For the tree pool, the spatial pattern of carbon stocks was dissimilar to that of carbon flux. On an area basis, tree carbon stocks were highest in the Pacific Northwest, while changes were generally greatest in the upper Midwest and the Northeast. Net carbon sequestration inthe forestsector in2005offset 10%of U.S.CO2emissions. In thenearfuture,we projectthat U.S.forests willcontinue tosequester carbon at a rate similarto that in recent years. Based on a comparison of our estimates to a compilation of land-based estimates of non-forest carbon sinks from the literature, we estimate that the conterminous U.S. annually sequesters 149‐330 Tg C year 1 . Forests, urban trees, and wood products are responsible for 65‐91% of this sink. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Goldnanopartikel‐Fluorophor‐Komplexe: empfindliche, selektive “Nasen” für die Biosensorik

Goldnanopartikel (Gold-NPs) loschen die Fluoreszenz adsorbierter Fluorophore. Sobald solche Komplexe durch einen Analyten gespalten werden, beobachtet man ein “Anschalten” der Fluoreszenz. Durch eine sorgfaltige Auswahl von funktionalisiertem NP und Fluorophor lassen sich Komplexe mit differentiellem Ansprechverhalten auf Analyte erhalten, was zu vielseitigen und dennoch einfachen Array-basierten Sensorplattformen fuhrt. Mithilfe dieser Methode konnen wir Proteine in Pufferlosungen und im Blutserum identifizieren, zwischen unterschiedlichen Bakterienspezies und -stammen differenzieren und gesunde, karzinose und metastatische Human- und Mauszellen voneinander unterscheiden.
Relating Mechanical Properties with Dislocation Cores in Ni3Ge-Fe3Ge Intermetallic Alloys

The transition from positive to negative temperature dependence of 0.2% yield stress is investigated m the model pseudo-binary Ni3Ge-Fe3Ge system. Ni3Ge and Fe3Ge, both Ll2 intermetallic alloys, show complete solid solubility as Fe is continuously substituted for Ni across the composition range. However, Ni3Ge exhibits the yield stress anomaly, whereas the yield stress of Fe3Ge shows a normal decline with temperature. Mechanical testing has verified this behavior, with the anomalous behavior gradually disappearing with increasing Fe content. It is proposed that this transition results from changes in the structure of dissociated superdislocation cores. Alloys with anomalous behavior from this system are characterized by the presence of screw superdislocations locked in the Kear-Wilsdorf (KW) configuration. Conversely, alloys with normal yield stress dependence are observed to contain curvilinear superdislocations that glide on the cube planes. Results from mechanical testing are presented and correlated with TEM observations of deformation structures. These results are discussed in light of planar fault energies determined through computer simulations of images.
Nonparametric prediction of non-Gaussian time series

The authors apply the nonparametric kernel predictor to the time-series prediction problem. Because nonparametric prediction makes few assumptions about the underlying time series, it is useful when modeling uncertainties are pervasive, such as when the time series is non-Gaussian. It is shown that the nonparametric kernel predictor is asymptotically optimal for bounded, mixing time series. Numerical experiments were also performed. For the nonlinear autoregressive process, the kernel predictor is shown to outperform greatly the linear predictor; for the Henon time series, the estimated predictor closely resembles the Henon map. >
Inability of Carnitine to Promote Growth of Choline Deficient Chicks

Abstract Khairallah and Wolf (1965) have reported a lipotropic action of carnitine when it was fed to rats grown on choline-deficient diets containing limited amounts of protein (9%) and 0.3% methionine. Fritz and Dupont (1957) and Adams et al. (1960) were not able to demonstrate any growth or lipotropic action of carnitine in rats fed higher protein levels. Strength et al. (1965), using a choline deficient diet based on alcohol-extracted peanut meal and casein, found that carnitine did not improve growth or renal function in choline deficient rats. Takahashi et al. (1965) have reported that 0.02% carnitine in diets produced a growth response in week-old chicks equal to that given by 0.4% choline. Since growth was adequate in the control group and the growth improvement due to choline or carnitine supplementation was only 10%, it seems probable that the diet was not deficient in choline. Roberts and Fritz (1968) have reported…
The Organizational Context of Research-Minded Practitioners: Challenges and Opportunities.

If some practitioners are more research minded than others, then promising approaches for bridging the research to practice gap may be developed by describing research-minded practitioners and examining how to locate and support them. This article follows this basic logic in providing an overview of organizational development and practitioner support models for increasing knowledge use in human service organizations. The article begins with a conceptual profile of research-minded practitioners—individuals with an affinity for empirical inquiry, critical thinking, and reflection allied with a commitment to data-driven organizational improvement—and the organizational settings needed to host research-minded practice. This is followed by a description of the challenges involved in promoting practitioner involvement in using, translating, and doing research and strategies to address these challenges. We conclude with implications for supporting research-minded practitioners and aligning their efforts with org...
Bioenergetics in cardiac hypertrophy: mitochondrial respiration as a pathological target of NO*.

A rat aortic banding model of cardiac hypertrophy was used to test the hypothesis that reversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by nitric oxide (NO·) elicits a bioenergetic defect in the ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of bond structure between polyvinyl alcohol and a titanate cross-coupling agent

Chemical interactions between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and triethanol amine titanate chelate were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The titanate chelate cross coupled the PVA solution and produced a viscous gel. The gel had a three- dimensional network structure containing --C{sub PVA}--O--Ti--O--C{sub PVA}--organic complexes. A new C(1{ital s}) signature at 285.7 eV and an O(1{ital s}) signature at 531.25 eV were associated with the formation of these complexes. The water of the PVA solution was physically retained in the gelled structure and was readily available for chemical reactions. The removal of this entrapped water was irreversible and lead to a collapsed film of Ti-cross-linked PVA.
Influence Diagrams with Continuous Decision Variables and Non-Gaussian Uncertainties

The continuous decision MTE influence diagram (CDMTEID) uses mixtures of truncated exponentials (MTE) potentials to approximate probability density functions (pdfs) and utility functions, and develops a piecewise-linear decision rule for continuous decision variables. The operations for solving CDMTEIDs are defined, and the abilities of this model to identify nonmonotonic decision rules and accommodate discrete variables with continuous parents are demonstrated. The CDMTEID solution to a problem with a continuous decision variable and a non-Gaussian continuous chance variable is presented and compared to a benchmark solution and existing models. The CDMTEID improves the quality of the decision rule and the value of information, as compared to other methods for the example problem.
Detection of novelty by perinatal rats.

Abstract This study investigated the development of fetal/neonatal rats' ability to distinguish between a novel and familiar taste. Here, we report that neonatal rats alter their orofacial movements (e.g., mouth movements and licks) upon tasting saccharin (SAC) if it was experienced previously. We also sought to determine the origins and duration of this response. Fetuses of embryonic ages E17, E18, or E19 received an oral injection of 10 μL 0.3% SAC while in utero. These animals were then reexposed to SAC on postnatal day 3, (P3) and observations of orofacial motor responses were recorded. Only neonates that first experienced SAC on E19 exhibited a SAC-induced stimulation of mouthing and licking on P3. These data suggested that a taste-recognition memory (TRM) is maintained for up to 5 days (i.e., E19 to P3). However, in this paradigm, the youngest fetuses also have the longest retention interval. Could these data also reflect the limitations of the E17 and E18 fetuses in retaining the TRM? In a second study, we shortened the taste exposure–reexposure interval to 2 days in an attempt to detect the TRM in younger fetuses. As expected, E19 rats exhibited a TRM when tested on E21. However, neither the E17 nor E18 fetuses showed SAC-induced increases in mouthing and licking when tested 2 days after their initial exposure (E19 or E20). Finally, in order to determine whether a TRM could be detected in fetuses as well as neonates (see above), we conducted an additional study wherein E21 fetuses were tested before parturition. Like E21 neonates, E21 rat fetuses that had received SAC on E19 showed a differential response to SAC depending on whether it was novel or familiar. Thus, although E21 fetal orofacial movements were less frequent than those of the E21 neonate, the fetal-testing procedures were not sufficient to obscure the detection of a TRM. In summary, the data indicate that E19 rat fetuses can acquire a TRM and retain it for at least 2–5 days, whereas E17 and E18 fetuses cannot.
Molecular Epidemiology of Polioviruses

Poliovirus isolates can be identified according to their genotypes with use of the technique of oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Fingerprint analysis is performed by cleaving the viral RNA genome with ribonuclease T1 and separating the fragments (oligonucleotides) in two dimensions. The larger, structurally unique oligonucleotides distribute into patterns ("fingerprints") highly characteristic of a specific overall RNA sequence. Isolates from the same epidemic have very similar fingerprints. Isolates from distinct epidemics have very different fingerprints, a consequence of the rapid evolution of polioviruses during replication in humans. Similarity in the fingerprints of case isolates provides independent evidence for epidemiologic linkage. Fingerprinting can readily distinguish vaccine-related isolates from wild strains. Contemporary vaccine-related isolates are very probably vaccine-derived because their fingerprints contain characteristic vaccine-strain oligonucleotide spots (types 1 and 3) and because their wild-type parents are unlikely to have survived largely unaltered in the natural environment. Some examples of applications of this technique within different epidemiologic settings are described.
The Stress Response in Adolescents with Inattentive Type ADHD Symptoms

Objective To investigate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response to a stressor in adolescents with inattentive type attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD-I).
Hypothermic response produced by manassantin A, a novel neuroleptic agent.

Abstract Manassantin A (MNS-A), a novel neolignoid, neutral compound shown to possess neuroleptic properties, causes hypothermic response in male and female mice of CD-1 strain when administered by the intracerebroventricular (icv), (0.1, 1.0, 3.2, 10 μgg/mouse), intraperitoneal (ip), (0.1, 0.32, 1.0, 3.2 mg/kg) and oral (0.5, 1.6, 5.0, 16 mg/kg) routes. The hypothermia was found to be dose and time dependent, the maximum decrease of temperature being observed by the icv route (P
Compartment-specific perturbation of protein handling activates genes encoding mitochondrial chaperones

Protein folding in the mitochondria is assisted by nuclear-encoded compartment-specific chaperones but regulation of the expression of their encoding genes is poorly understood. We found that the mitochondrial matrix HSP70 and HSP60 chaperones, encoded by the Caenorhabditis elegans hsp-6 and hsp-60 genes, were selectively activated by perturbations that impair assembly of multi-subunit mitochondrial complexes or by RNAi of genes encoding mitochondrial chaperones or proteases, which lead to defective protein folding and processing in the organelle. hsp-6 and hsp-60 induction was specific to perturbed mitochondrial protein handling, as neither heat-shock nor endoplasmic reticulum stress nor manipulations that impair mitochondrial steps in intermediary metabolism or ATP synthesis activated the mitochondrial chaperone genes. These observations support the existence of a mitochondrial unfolded protein response that couples mitochondrial chaperone gene expression to changes in the protein handling environment in the organelle.
Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus by endothelial cells induces apoptosis

The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to invade and survive within endothelial cells is believed to contribute to its propensity to cause persistent endovascular infection with endothelial destruction. In the present study, we show that following invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, intracellular S. aureus organisms remain viable over a 72-h period and, as determined by transmission electron microscopic examination, that the bacteria exist within vacuoles and free within the cytoplasm. We also demonstrate that endothelial cell death following S. aureus invasion occurs at least in part by apoptosis as shown by DNA fragmentation and changes in nuclear morphology. Apoptotic changes were evident as early as 1 h after infection of endothelial cells. Internalization of S. aureus rather than adherence appears to be necessary, since use of the phagocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin D prevented apoptosis. UV-killed staphylococci, although retaining the capacity to be internalized, were not capable of inducing apoptosis, suggesting that apoptosis is dependent upon a factor associated with viable organisms. The studies demonstrate that viable intracellular S. aureus induces apoptosis of endothelial cells and that internalized staphylococci can exist free within the cytoplasm.
Thermovision — Heat‐Picture Camera

AGA's Thermovision has been used in of thermatic pictures during different paediatric material for the reproduction kinds of disease.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Tropism for Human Sensory Ganglion Neurons in the Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mouse Model of Neuropathogenesis

The tropism of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) for human sensory neurons infected in vivo was examined using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) xenografts maintained in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). In contrast to the HSV-1 lytic infectious cycle in vitro, replication of the HSV-1 F strain was restricted in human DRG neurons despite the absence of adaptive immune responses in SCID mice, allowing the establishment of neuronal latency. At 12 days after DRG inoculation, 26.2% of human neurons expressed HSV-1 protein and 13.1% expressed latency-associated transcripts (LAT). Some infected neurons showed cytopathic changes, but HSV-1, unlike varicella-zoster virus (VZV), only rarely infected satellite cells and did not induce fusion of neuronal and satellite cell plasma membranes. Cell-free enveloped HSV-1 virions were observed, indicating productive infection. A recombinant HSV-1-expressing luciferase exhibited less virulence than HSV-1 F in the SCID mouse host, enabling analysis of infection in human DRG xenografts for a 61-day interval. At 12 days after inoculation, 4.2% of neurons expressed HSV-1 proteins; frequencies increased to 32.1% at 33 days but declined to 20.8% by 61 days. Frequencies of LAT-positive neurons were 1.2% at 12 days and increased to 40.2% at 33 days. LAT expression remained at 37% at 61 days, in contrast to the decline in neurons expressing viral proteins. These observations show that the progression of HSV-1 infection is highly restricted in human DRG, and HSV-1 genome silencing occurs in human neurons infected in vivo as a consequence of virus-host cell interactions and does not require adaptive immune control.
Spin physics at RHIC: Present and future

In 2001–2002 the relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was first commissioned for polarized proton collisions. Polarized protons were injected into the RHIC, accelerated to 100 GeV, stored and the two beams were made to collide in four interaction regions. I will review the progress made by the RHIC spin program, followed by the physics goals for the next few years. After that I will present a brief overview of a proposal to build a high intensity polarized electron/positron beam facility at BNL which would enable deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments to be pursued at BNL by its collisions with the RHIC hadron beams.