cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of visibility on staff face-to-face communication and efficiency in emergency departments

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the potential impacts of visibility on face-to-face communication among medical staff in community hospital emergency departments (EDs). Also, the researchers investigated how different types of visibility can increase/decrease the efficiency of EDs’ medical staff. Design/methodology/approach This study used an exploratory approach to investigate the role of visibility in enhancement of medical staff communication in four EDs within the same hospital system. Overall, 12 semi-structured interviews and 48 h of observation were manually conducted. Findings The findings suggest that communication among medical staff can be improved by enhancement of different types of visibility (general and staff-to-staff) in EDs. Also, visibility facilitates patient assessments, overall supervision, comfort and asking for help while reducing stress and distractions. Practical implications The results of this investigation can inform hospital managers and healthcare designers about one of the important ways to improve registered nurses and physicians’ performance through environmental architectural design in the enhancement of communication. Originality/value Understanding the importance of visibility as a design element would provide a crucial principle for future ED designs. Although research has been conducted with different focuses and methods in other hospital departments, nothing similar to the current study in EDs was available in the healthcare design published literature.
Defending My Castle: A Co-Design Study of Privacy Mechanisms for Smart Homes

Home is a person's castle, a private and protected space. Internet-connected devices such as locks, cameras, and speakers might make a home "smarter" but also raise privacy issues because these devices may constantly and inconspicuously collect, infer or even share information about people in the home. To explore user-centered privacy designs for smart homes, we conducted a co-design study in which we worked closely with diverse groups of participants in creating new designs. This study helps fill the gap in the literature between studying users' privacy concerns and designing privacy tools only by experts. Our participants' privacy designs often relied on simple strategies, such as data localization, disconnection from the Internet, and a private mode. From these designs, we identified six key design factors: data transparency and control, security, safety, usability and user experience, system intelligence, and system modality. We discuss how these factors can guide design for smart home privacy.
Teaching Is Impossible: A Polemic

Ten pedagogical principles are asserted. The first of these is that teaching is, in fact, impossible. Even learning is unlikely. If we accept these assertions the question that follows is: why then enter the classroom? The answer provided is that teachers enter teaching spaces for only one reason: to generate encounters with others. A polemical style is employed and mixed with elements of confession and autobiography. The polemic results from an urgency that comes after 30 years of teaching combined with the realization that we plan our lives with a fictional certainty that is exposed when hard questions are asked. And then one wants to say it all—suddenly, forcefully, and with the aim of jarring the reader into a different dimension of possibility. The essay abandons teaching’s most precious assumptions and leaves very little in place. But that little might be enough to restart.
Therapeutic strategies for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome

Proper development and function of the mammalian brain is critically dependent on a steady supply of its chief energy source, glucose. Such supply is mediated by the glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) protein. Paucity of the protein stemming from mutations in the associated SLC2A1 gene deprives the brain of glucose and triggers the infantile-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1 DS). Considering the monogenic nature of Glut1 DS, the disease is relatively straightforward to model and thus study. Accordingly, Glut1 DS serves as a convenient paradigm to investigate the more general cellular and molecular consequences of brain energy failure. Here, we review how Glut1 DS models have informed the biology of a prototypical brain energy failure syndrome, how these models are facilitating the development of promising new treatments for the human disease, and how important insights might emerge from the study of Glut1 DS to illuminate the myriad conditions involving the Glut1 protein.
Resilient Distributed Filter for State Estimation of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Attack

Proliferation of distributed Cyber-Physical Systems has raised the need for developing computationally efficient security solutions. Toward this objective, distributed state estimators that can withstand attacks on agents (or nodes) of the system have been developed, but many of these works consider the estimation error to asymptotically converge to zero by restricting the number of agents that can be compromised. We propose Resilient Distributed Kalman Filter (RDKF), a novel distributed algorithm that estimates states within an error bound and does not depend on the number of agents that can be compromised by an attack. Our method is based on convex optimization and performs well in practice, which we demonstrate with the help of a simulation example. We theoretically show that, in a connected network, the estimation error generated by the Distributed Kalman Filter and our RDKF at each agent converges to zero in an attack free and noise free scenario. Furthermore, our resiliency analysis result shows that the RDKF algorithm bounds the disturbance on the state estimate caused by an attack.
Online Learning Methods for Controlling Dynamic Cyber Deception Strategies

Cyber deception is an important tool for many aspects of cyber defense, including detecting and learning about attackers, as well as mitigating the effectiveness of reconnaissance and some types of attacks. To make cyber deception and even more effective tool, we need better methods to automatically reason about how to use specific deception techniques strategically, taking into account the costs and benefits, as well as how to adapt these strategies over time based on changes to the network or the threat environment. The principles of moving target defense and game theoretic models have made significant advances in this area, but are typically limited in being able to adapt to new and specific threats. Here we consider method based on online learning that are able to adapt defensive deception strategies over time based on interactions with attackers, and which can handle novel threats such as zero-day attacks. We introduce as an example a formal model of how these methods can be used to deploy honeypots for the purpose of detecting exploits, and present results from simulations using this model. We also present results from a second study with human participants showing that humans have a very difficult time learning to play against similar adaptive deception strategies. This shows the value of considering adaptive learning models as a complement to game theory for strategic cyber deception.
Scaled Static Analysis and IP Reuse for Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC Simulation

To preserve the SystemC semantics under parallel discrete event simulation, a compiler based approach statically analyzes race conditions in the design model. However, there are severe restrictions: the source code for the input design must be available in one file, which does not scale. This disables the use of intellectual property (IP) and hierarchical file structures. This paper scales the static analysis design flow to support separate files and IP reuse by introducing partial segment graph and partial port mapping abstractions and prevent IP security leakage. Experiments demonstrate the effective design flow and sustained speedup with parallel IPs.
Self-Efficacy Versus Gender: Project-Based Active Learning Techniques in Biomedical Engineering Introductory Computer Programming Courses

Engineering education has increasingly embraced active learning techniques within a variety of curricula. In particular, project-based active learning techniques have a significant potential to enhance students' learning experience. In this study, we implemented project-based techniques in biomedical engineering (BME) classes, and we investigated the effects of active learning on students' self-efficacy as an effective predictor of students' academic persistence and their career decision-making. Differences in self-efficacy were compared across genders. A high level of internal consistency was observed for both academic and career-oriented scales, as determined by Cronbach's alpha values of 0.908 and 0.862, respectively. While average scores of all survey questions indicated improvement in students' academic and career-oriented self-efficacy measures, significant improvements were observed in "clearer vision of programming application in engineering" and "BME careers", as well as in "expectation of success in a future BME career that involves developing medical devices" after the completion of the project-based activity (p = 0.002, 0.023, and 0.034, respectively). For two of the survey questions, female students reflected a significantly lower "self-confidence about understanding the most complex course material" as well as a significantly lower "willingness to have a future career in BME that involves intensive computer programing" as compared to male students (p = 0.035 and 0.024, respectively). We have further discussed possible explanations for the observed differences and multiple potential ways to enhance gender equality in STEM fields from a self-efficacy standpoint.
Stability of low-carrier-density topological-insulator Bi2Se3 thin films and effect of capping layers

Although over the past number of years there have been many advances in the materials aspects of topological insulators (TIs), one of the ongoing challenges with these materials is the protection of them against aging. In particular, the recent development of low-carrier-density bulk-insulating Bi2Se3 thin films and their sensitivity to air demands reliable capping layers to stabilize their electronic properties. Here, we study the stability of the low-carrier-density Bi2Se3 thin films in air with and without various capping layers using DC and THz probes. Without any capping layers, the carrier density increases by ∼150% over a week and by ∼280% over 9 months. In situ-deposited Se and ex situ-deposited poly(methyl methacrylate) suppress the aging effect to ∼27% and ∼88%, respectively, over 9 months. The combination of effective capping layers and low-carrier-density TI films will open up new opportunities in topological insulators.
Asymmetric Functional Impairment of ON and OFF Retinal Pathways in Glaucoma

Purpose To investigate ON-pathway versus OFF-pathway dysfunction in glaucoma using handheld electroretinography (ERG) with a temporally modulated sinusoidal flicker stimulus. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Fifty-nine participants accounting for 104 eyes, comprised of 19 control eyes, 26 glaucoma suspect eyes, and 59 glaucoma eyes. Methods Participants underwent portable ERG testing, which included the photopic flash, photopic flicker, photopic negative response stimulus, ON-OFF stimulus, and a custom-written sinusoidal flicker stimulus that was modulated from 50 to 0.3 Hz. Main Outcome and Measures The ERG response amplitudes were measured by the handheld ERG. For the custom-written sinusoidal flicker stimulus, we derived and compared the log10 first harmonic frequency response amplitudes. Patient discomfort and fatigue after ERG testing were rated on a scale from 1 to 5 Results Baseline demographics were not significantly different between groups, except for ocular characteristics. Analysis was performed adjusting for participant age, sex, race, and dilation status, and the sinusoidal frequency responses were stratified at 10 Hz because higher frequencies are associated with the OFF-pathway, whereas lower frequencies are associated with the ON-pathway. After stratification, glaucoma eyes showed an adjusted decrease of 32.1% at frequencies of more than 10 Hz (95% confidence interval [CI], −51.8% to −4.1%; P = 0.03). For 10 Hz stimulus frequencies or less, an adjusted 11.5% reduction was found (95% CI, −39.5% to 29.1%; P = 0.50). Glaucoma suspect eyes did show a decreased response, but this was not significant at either frequency range. When comparing handheld ERG with traditional visual field assessments, participants found the handheld ERG to result in much less discomfort and fatigue. Conclusions Our finding that glaucoma participants showed greater decreases in ERG response at higher frequencies supports the hypothesis that the OFF-pathway may be more vulnerable in human glaucoma. Using a handheld ERG device with a sinusoidal flicker stimulus may provide an objective assessment of visual function in glaucoma.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO LEITE IN NATURA UTILIZADO EM LATICÍNIO DO SUL DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO

Milk is an important product in human consumption, being a food widely consumed and with a high level and risk of contamination, therefore, it is essential to carry out quality control in order to guarantee the minimum standards of product demand that reach the consumers. Low quality milk also has reduced industrial capacity, being subject to changes in its physical-chemical composition, generating product disposal and increasing production costs. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of fresh milk used in the production process of a dairy in the south of the state of Espirito Santo. The mean values of the analyzes of physical-chemical composition, somatic cell count (CCS), total bacterial count (CBT), reception temperature, acidity, pH and cryoscopy, were within the standards established by the current legislation. However, of the total of 70 samples analyzed, 37 (52.86%) and 26 (37.14%) were found with CCS and CBT values, respectively, above the maximum standards determined by legislation. Thus, it is necessary to implement good production practices, adaptations to herd health management and hygiene during milking, with the adoption of technical assistance programs and training for associated producers
Testosterone therapy and bone quality in men with diabetes and hypogonadism: Study design and protocol

Abstract Context Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is often accompanied by male hypogonadism and both conditions are associated with increased risk for fractures. Testosterone (T) has been shown to improve the bone health of hypogonadal men but has not been tested in patients who also have T2D in addition to low T. To date, there is no treatment that is specifically recommended for bone disease among patients with T2D. This study will evaluate the effect of T therapy on the bone health of male veterans with low T who also have T2D. Methods This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 166 male veterans 35–65 years old, with T2D and hypogonadism, randomized to either T gel 1.62% or placebo for 12 months. We will evaluate the effect of T therapy on the following primary outcomes:1) changes in bone strength as measured by microfinite elements analysis (μFEA) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography, 2) changes in bone turnover markers, and 3) changes in circulating osteoblast progenitors (COP) and osteoclast precursors cells. Discussion We anticipate that T therapy will result in improvement in bone strength owing to improvement in bone remodeling through an increase in osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation in patients with hypogonadism and T2D.
TESDA: Transform Enabled Statistical Detection of Attacks in Deep Neural Networks.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are now the de facto choice for computer vision tasks such as image classification. However, their complexity and "black box" nature often renders the systems they're deployed in vulnerable to a range of security threats. Successfully identifying such threats, especially in safety-critical real-world applications is thus of utmost importance, but still very much an open problem. We present TESDA, a low-overhead, flexible, and statistically grounded method for {online detection} of attacks by exploiting the discrepancies they cause in the distributions of intermediate layer features of DNNs. Unlike most prior work, we require neither dedicated hardware to run in real-time, nor the presence of a Trojan trigger to detect discrepancies in behavior. We empirically establish our method's usefulness and practicality across multiple architectures, datasets and diverse attacks, consistently achieving detection coverages of above 95% with operation count overheads as low as 1-2%.
Lattice QCD and nuclear physics

A steady stream of developments in lattice QCD have made it possible today to begin to address the question of how nuclear physics emerges from the underlying theory of strong interactions. A central role in this understanding play both the effective-field theory description of nuclear forces and the ability to perform accurate non-perturbative calculations in low-energy QCD. Here I present some recent results that attempt to extract important low-energy constants of the effective-field theory of nuclear forces from lattice QCD.
History of Mathematics in Mathematics Education: a Saussurean Perspective

It is not only because of a certain eclecticism in mathematics education research that semiotic ideas have begun to take root there: it is also because of the dawning recognition that key areas of interest in mathematics education genuinely have a semiotic nature. For this, one need only point to research focused on meaning, communication, language, and culture (
Determining resolution for profiles in marine sediments

Abstract Recent improvements in sampling and measurement have increased the quality of the 87 Sr 86 Sr palaeo-record to within ±0.5–1.0 million years for the past 100 million years. As a result, 87 Sr 86 Sr isotope chronostratigraphy is becoming a practical alternative to biostratigraphic and palaeomagnetic dating techniques. Methods are needed which assess the pristineness of data for 87 Sr 86 Sr vs. depth prior to determining sample ages in order to minimize confusion of sedimentary ages due to post-depositional effects. We have designed an algorithm which models profiles of 87 Sr 86 Sr vs. depth as a continuous non-linear function. Statistical sharpness is defined using characteristics of the model, enabling standardized comparisons of data sets at different sites to be done easily. Applying the model to three Deep Sea Drilling Project 87 Sr 86 Sr profiles, the average difference between measured and predicted 87 Sr 86 Sr value is 55 × 10−5 (Site 516), 63 × 10−5 (Site 590B), and 85 × 10−5 (Site 21). Model results are within the standard statistical error bars stated by the various authors. This technique therefore provides a quantitative means of assessing 87 Sr 86 Sr vs. depth profiles. The technique can be used to model 87 Sr 86 Sr vs. time. Combining the above mentioned data sets, the average difference (in the time coordinate) between datum and model predictions of 87 Sr 86 Sr is (83 ± 3) × 10−5, and represents the combined uncertainty of the 87 Sr 86 Sr vs. depth data and their assigned ages.
Increasing solutions of ( r ( t ) x ( n ) ) ( n ) = xf ( t,x )

On etudie les solutions non oscillatoires de l'equation non lineaire (r(t)x (n) )( (n) =xf(t,x) ou r(t) est positive et continue sur [τ,∞) avec ∫τ ∞ dt/r(t)=∞ et f(t,x) est continue sur [τ,∞)×R avec f(t,x)>0 si x¬=0
An inverted computing curriculum: preparing graduates to build quality systems

Employers of graduates of traditional computing curricula lament that new hires are unable to integrate into project teams, understand, develop or manage large systems, use software development tools, comply with industry and organizational standards, understand and practice quality precepts, or effectively communicate orally or in writing. By and large, traditional computing curricula produce graduates who are prepared to work alone on small projects that are rarely deployed. If we are to close the gap between the profile of the successful computing practitioner and the profile of the current graduate, some radical changes in curricula must be instituted. This paper describes current improvement efforts that are unfolding and experiences with transferring those efforts into the classroom.
Ultrastructure of the human ovary

Abstract An intracellular canalicular system, present in corpora lutea of the menstrual cycle and of pregnancy, is described. These canaliculi exist as a broadening of the intercellular space to form a lumen approximately 1 μ in diameter. The lumen is filled with microvilli that project from the cytoplasm of the adjacent luteal cells. These canaliculi appear to terminate in the perivascular connective tissue of the capillaries of the corpus luteum. It is postulated they serve as channels for the transport of luteal cell secretion from the cell to the capillary. Microvillous projections of the luteal cell cytoplasm are also observed on the free surface of those luteal cells that are adjacent to capillaries.
Achieving the illusion of agency

Games with a strong notion of story are increasingly popular. With the increased amount of story content associated with games where player decisions significantly change the course of the game (branching games), comes an increase in the effort required to author those games. Despite the increased popularity of these kinds of games, it is unclear if a typical player is able to appreciate the rich content of these games, since any given player typically only experiences a small amount of that content. We create a non-branching game that simulates branching choices by providing players with choices followed by immediate textual feedback. We hypothesize that this game, where player decisions do not significantly change the course of the game, will maintain the player's sense of agency. Experimentation showed that in a text-based story with forced-choice points there were in most cases no significant difference in players' reported feelings of agency when they experience a branching story vs. a linear story with explicit acknowledgement of their choices.
Nitric Oxide and Its Role in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major source of morbidity in the United States, affecting between 10 and 15 million people (1). The cause of much of this morbidity and mortality is vascular disease, including both atherosclerosis and microangiopathy (2, 3, 4, 5). As discussed elsewhere in this text, atherosclerosis occurs earlier in diabetics than nondiabetics, its severity is often greater, and its distribution is more diffuse (6,7). Vascular disease in diabetics affects not only large vessels but microvasculature as well, resulting in both diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy (8,9).
Finding Finding Aids on the World Wide Web

Reports results of a study to explore how well six popular Web search engines performed in retrieving specific electronic finding aids mounted on the World Wide Web. A random sample of online finding aids was selected and then searched using AltaVista, Excite, Fast Search, Google, Hotbot and Northern Light, employing both word and phrase searching. As of February 2000, approximately 8 percent of repositories listed at the 'Repositories of Primary Resources' Web site had mounted at least four full finding aids on the Web. The most striking finding of this study was the importance of using phrase searches whenever possible, rather than word searches. Also of significance was the fact that if a finding aid were to be found using any search engine, it was generally found in the first ten or twenty items at most. The study identifies the best performers among the six chosen search engines. Combinations of search engines often produced much better results than did the search engines individually, evidence that there may be little overlap among the top hits provided by individual engines.
Effects of Dopamine, Dobutamine and Phentolamine on Middle Ear Pressure and Blood Flow in Cynomolgus Monkeys

To test the hypothesis that changes in mucosal perfusion could influence gas exchange and thus, middle ear pressure, the effects of systemically administered drugs showing alpha adrenergic effects on mucosal perfusion and middle ear pressure were evaluated in 4 cynomolgus monkeys. Two drugs with well characterized sympathomimetic effects, dopamine and dobutamine. were studied, and dopamine was combined with an antagonist, phentolamine. For each experiment, the monkeys were anesthetized with pentobarbital and followed for a 90 min baseline period. Then, the drug was administered for 60 min with follow-up extending through that period and for an additional 60 min. Data consisted of repealed measurements of rectal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, left middle ear pressure and right mucosal blood velocity, volume and How. The results documented an increase in middle ear pressure after intravenous infusion of either dopamine or dobutamine and an attenuation of the response by concurrent administration o...
Lack of effect of long‐term fluoride ingestion on blood chemistry and frequency of sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocytes

Two studies were conducted to assess the potential for adverse physiologic and genotoxic effects of long-term fluoride ingestion in adults residing in three communities with varying water fluoride levels (0.2 ppm, 1.0 ppm, and 4.0 ppm). All were long-time (≥30 years) residents of their respective communities. Plasma and urine samples were collected for fluoride analyses. Additional plasma was collected to determine blood chemistry, and plasma lymphocytes were examined to determine the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. Significant differences in urine (P = 0.001) and plasma (P = 0.0001) fluoride levels were found in the three communities. Seven of the blood parameters were statistically different among the communities, although all were within the defined normal range of the pathology laboratory. Sister chromatid exchange frequency was statistically higher in the 4.0 ppm fluoride community ascompared to the other communities. Because of the higher SCE frequency in the 4.0 ppm fluoride community, a second study was performed to determine if the increased frequency was potentially related to the fluoride level of the communal water supply. Of the 58 adults recruited; 30 had used city water and 28 had used well water (≤0.3 ppm fluoride) as their principal water source for 30 years. Data analyses showed that the sister chromatid exchange frequency did not differ between the groups, indicating that the increased sister chromatid exchange frequency was not related to the fluoride level of the communal water. The investigation provided evidence that the long-term ingestion of water containing 4.0 ppm fluoride did not have any clinically important physiologic or genotoxic effects in healthy adults. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 29:265-271, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evidence for a unique first position codon-anticodon mismatch in vivo

The Ser68(AGC) codon of the beta-lactamase gene was changed to the glycine codons GGA and GGC. With glycine at position 68, beta-lactamase is inactive because it does not have a nucleophilic side-chain to function in the reaction mechanism. The mutant SG68(GGA) allele had no detectable beta-lactamase activity; however, the mutant SG68(GGC) did produce a small amount of activity. Both mutant alleles produce comparable amounts of beta-lactamase protein in a maxi-cell system. To identify why these two “same-sense” beta-lactamase mutants differ phenotypically, we introduced the alleles into Escherichia coli strains with mutations that affect translational fidelity. The rpsD mutation, which decreases fidelity, significantly increased activity with the SG68(GGC) allele, while the rpsL mutation, which increases translational fidelity, had little effect on the beta-lactamase activity. The rpsD and rpsL alleles had no effect on the SG68(GGA) allele. From the allele specificity of the activity produced by the bla mutants, and from the differential effect of translational fidelity on the activity of the SG68(GGC) allele, we infer that tRNAGCUSer, the AGU/C reading tRNASer, mistranslates SG68(GGC) at a frequency of about 0.1%, and subsequently produces active beta-lactamase. This is the first observation of an A/G wobble with a wild-type tRNA at the first position of the codon-anticodon interaction.
Cognitive behavioral treatment of chronic headache: group versus individual treatment format.

SYNOPSIS Two hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) that a short course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in the treatment of chronic headache; and (2) that group CT is as effective as individually administered CBT. Twenty-two chronic headache sufferers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: group administered CBT, individually administered CBT, or no treatment (wait list) control. Wait list subjects ultimately received treatment identical to that offered to subjects in the group treatment condition. Treatment outcome measures included the Brief Symptom Inventory, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and several measures calculated from self-monitoring data. Tentative support was found for the hypothesis that CBT as provided in this study is effective in the treatment of chronic headache. There was no evidence that group versus individually treated subjects differed significantly on any of the measures used, although the small N and large variance among subjects limit us to preliminary conclusions for our findings. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Analysis of covariance as a remedy for demographic mismatch of research subject groups: Some sobering simulations.

Abstract Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) is often used in neuropsychological studies to effect ex-post-facto adjustment of performance variables amongst groups of subjects mismatched on some relevant demographic variable. This paper reviews some of the statistical assumptions underlying this usage. In an attempt to illustrate the complexities of this statistical technique, three sham studies using actual patient data are presented. These staged simulations have varying relationships between group test performance differences and levels of covariate discrepancy. The results were robust and consistent in their nature, and were held to support the wisdom of previous cautions by statisticians concerning the employment of ANCOVA to justify comparisons between incomparable groups. ANCOVA should not be used in neuropsychological research to equate groups unequal on variables such as age and education or to exert statistical control whose objective is to eliminate consideration of the covariate as an explanation ...
Relationship Advice in Top-Selling Men's Magazines: A Qualitative Document Analysis

The bulk of men's magazines contain advice columns which counsel readers on relationships. The viewers heed the information provided to them and apply it to their own lives and relationships. As a result, it is imperative to study the relationship advice men are seeking in these magazines. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intimate relational content and advice contained in five top-selling men's interest magazines. Findings indicate the magazines contain messages consistent with stereotypic gender socialization which reinforce male masculinity. Sex was depicted as a top priority in relationships, and the sexual lives of men were portrayed as idealistic. Most advice was contrary to research on the formation of deep friendship and intimate relationships.
A Factor Analytic Study of Language-Learning Strategy Use: Interpretations from Information-Processing Theory and Social Psychology.

The present study investigated the key types of foreign language learning strategies used by university students and adds statistical support to information-processing and socialinteraction models of learning. By approaching the learning process from cognitive, social and affective perspectives (among others), researchers are able to analyze learning in naturalistic and classroom environments. Cognitively, learners are viewed as contributors to the process of understanding new information via prior knowledge, schemata, or scripts. The social side of learning is also recognized as a learning catalyst in and out of the classroom (44; 41). Authentic communication is advocated as an avenue, not simply an outcome of language instruction. The affective side of learning is frequently addressed in studies on anxiety (19; 34) and in strategy manuals addressed to students (4; 38). Communication strategies are formally studied in linguistic analyses of speech act categories (42). All these approaches recognize the centrality of learners' contribution to language learning as a cognitive, social, and affective process. Learning strategy research expands the strategic competence component of Canale and Swain's communicative competence model by demonstrating that strategic competence goes beyond mere compensation strategies. Strategic competence fosters competence in grammatical, discourse, sociolinguistic, and psycholinguistic areas. Thus strategy research permeates all areas of learning, recognizing that learning is multidimensional. The present study confirms this multidimensionality through the statistical approach of factor analysis. In academic settings, learning strategies are technically defined as steps taken by learners to facilitate acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information (36). Teachers of a foreign or second language must understand the types of language learning strategies learners employ both inside and outside the classroom; information-processing theory can be a significant help in this regard. Students' beliefs about their own language learning are also crucial because these beliefs directly affect students' motivation to learn a new language and their subsequent use of language learning strategies (25; 32). The literature on the social psychology of language learning is our best resource for information on beliefs and motivation in the development The Modern Language Journal, 77, i (1993) 0026-7902/93/11-22 $1.50/0 ? 1993 The Modern Language Journal
The Citizen-Soldier: Masculinity, War, and Sacrifice at an Emerging Church in Seattle, Washington

Based on two years of research on the same-sex marriage debate in Seattle, Washington, this article examines the cultural politics of Mars Hill Church, a prominent conservative evangelical church that is training men to become “citizen-soldiers.” Mars Hill serves as an institutional resource and home to young pastors disenchanted with attempts to influence electoral politics; instead, these pastors are shifting their attention to affecting local cultures on a global scale. My study investigates how this movement of emerging churches is multiplying through outreach to an unlikely demographic: 18- to 30-year-old men living in urban centers. I explore how Mars Hill is seeking to reform mainstream culture and institutional Christianity by using multinational corporate models, neoliberal logics of governance, and calls to war and sacrifice – in the process also regionally, nationally, and globally expanding its church network. Specifically, this article examines how Mars Hill uses the figure of the citizen-soldier to inspire men to volunteer for church service in accordance with notions of sacrifice and responsibility that simultaneously mobilize and refute ideologies of self. Biblical masculinity is thereby linked to the discipline and deployment of citizen-soldiers who serve as a vanguard to oversee, cultivate, and protect Mars Hill's church planting network. Through investigations of dynamics surrounding marriage equality politics, neoliberal technologies of governance, and militarization post-9/11, this study explores how crises of masculinity and security are articulated in tandem with culture war discourses; this permits us to analyze the effects of the same-sex marriage debate beyond single issue identity politics.
Improvement of resolution, mass accuracy, and reproducibility in reflected mode DE-MALDI-TOF analysis of DNA using fast evaporation--overlayer sample preparations.

DNA analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is hindered by two processes: alkali metal adduction and fragmentation of the intact ionized molecule. The adverse effects of both processes can be reduced by adding ammonium ion salts or compounds such as fructose to the sample preparations. Matrix additives improve sensitivity and resolution of DNA analysis by MALDI. In addition, spot-to-spot reproducibility, resolution, and mass accuracy for DNA oligonucleotides ( 6000 resolution and mass accuracies of approximately 20 ppm between different overlayer depositions.
Design and Feasibility Testing of a Novel Device for Automatic Distraction Osteogenesis of the Mandible

Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a medical procedure for lengthening the mandible bone by stimulating natural bone-healing mechanisms via a mechanical device that exerts a force on the mandible in one or more directions. Many mandibular distraction devices must be placed externally and most rely on the patient to manually actuate the device each day. This project focuses on the design of an automatically actuated, single degree-of-freedom, implantable distraction device that would be minimally visible after installation. Such a device could reduce errors from patient compliance and would be an important first step toward increasing the capability of future devices. A simple motor and leadscrew system was used with a custom designed impact transmission and controller. A test was conducted on a prototype to determine the feasibility of the design and measure the overall system efficiency. The device was able to move the required 70 N load at a rate of about 1 mm per minute. Compared to an equivalent device utilizing a planetary gearhead to amplify the torque, the impact coupling is significantly less efficient. However, the necessary increase in battery size has only a small impact on the total device length. For a system with the same motor and force output, the impact coupling system is shorter than the gearhead-based system due to a 50% reduction in transmission length.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Peace Begins at Home: Toleration, Identity Politics and the Changing Conception of Peacemaking in Israel after Yitzhak Rabin's Assassination

In a democratizing world, where increasing numbers of protracted conflicts are being addressed via negotiations, governments’ ability to construct ‘toleration policy’—a set of discursive relationships between collective identities, national interests and peacemaking—plays a crucial role in their capacity to elicit popular legitimacy and implement their peace policy. The paper traces the effects of changes in Israel's toleration policy on changes in its peace policy following Yitzhak Rabin's assassination. Focusing on the political struggles after the assassination and their effect on public opinion, the paper offers an alternative, socio-cultural, explanation to the breakdown in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.
Immanent Domain Pervasive Computing and the Public Realm

A wave of emergent digital technology holds vast implications for the public sphere. Indeed, these new forms of mobile and ubiquitous systems, called pervasive computing, challenge some of our fundamental ideas about subjectivity, visibility, space, and the distinction between public and private. Together, these challenges reformulate our conception of the civic realm. From cell phones to wireless local area networks, smart buildings to embedded vehicular computers, an invisible web of digital technology already lies across the visible world creating new space for work, data, advertisement, investigation, communication, intimacy, and danger. This generation of computers is so well integrated with the environment that it will be difficult to distinguish between the two, which represents a profound transformation for everyday life.
Reconsidering Our Dependent Variables: A Critique and Empirical Study

This paper builds a case for the refocusing of research away from the search for additional determinants of individual performance, turnover, and absenteeism, as now practiced in organizational res...
Conversion electron spectroscopy at the fragment mass analyzer focal plane: Studies of isomeric decays near the proton drip line

The decays of seniority isomers in the N=82 nuclei $^{150}\mathrm{Er}$ and $^{152}\mathrm{Yb}$ and in their respective N=81 isotopes $^{149}\mathrm{Er}$ and $^{151}\mathrm{Yb}$ were studied following mass separation by the Argonne Fragment Mass Analyzer. Conversion electrons were detected with Si p-i-n diodes operated at room temperature. The low-energy isomeric transitions in $^{151,152}\mathrm{Yb}$ have been observed for the first time in the electron spectra. Multipolarity assignments were made for many of the decay \ensuremath{\gamma} rays of the four nuclei.
Abstract B78: Is race a prognostic factor for lung cancer?

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Impact of race on prognosis of lung cancer has been controversial. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate if survival differences exist in patients of different races diagnosed with lung cancer and potential causes of these differences, if they exist. Methods: Data on patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 2003-2008 were collected from the Cancer Information Resource File (CIRF). Of 150,038 patients, complete data on age, gender, stage, histology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and survival were available on 130,517 patients. Data were analyzed according to race and grouped into three categories: white, black, and other races (all non-white and non-black patients). Results: Of 130,517 patients evaluated, 91.4% were white, 6.5% were black, and 2.1% were other races. Within each race category, the percentage of patients less than 70 years of age were 54,67, and 59, and male patients were 55,58, and 56 in white, black, and other races, respectively. Non small cell lung cancer was found in 83.3,87.7, and 86.6%, small cell lung cancer was found in 16.3,12, and 12.9% and mixed histology lung cancer was found in 0.4,0.3, and 0.5% in white, black, and other races, respectively. The percentage of patients with stage I was 23,19, and 21; stage II was 7,6, and 5; stage III was 29,31, and 30; and stage IV was 41,44, and 44 in white, black, and other races, respectively. The percentage of patients receiving chemotherapy was 44, 43, and 45; radiation therapy was 49,52, and 45; and surgery was 28, 21, and 28 in white, black, and other races, respectively. Median overall survival (MOS) in months was 10.3,9.1, and 11.8 in white, black, and other races, respectively. On multivariate analysis, factors affecting overall survival were age greater than 70 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3], male gender (HR 1.2), chemotherapy (HR 0.57), surgery (HR 0.37), radiation therapy (HR 0.9), and bronchoalveolar (BAL) histology (HR 0.69). Race was an independent risk factor for other races compared to white patients (HR 0.86, CI 0.83-0.90), but not for black compared to white patients (HR 1.01, CI 0.98-1.03). Conclusion: Race is not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival for black patients, but was a better prognostic factor for other races when compared to white patients. A higher percentage of black patients presented at a later stage and a lower percentage received surgery, and these factors may have contributed to a lower MOS compared to whites and other races. BAL histology had a favorable prognosis than other histologies. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are required to explore differences noted in MOS, stage, and histology according to race. Citation Information: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010;19(10 Suppl):B78.
Induction of differentiation and apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP by sodium butyrate and galectin-1

Galectin-1 has been implicated in the process of vertebrate developmental regulation. Sodium butyrate is an established differentiation-inducing agent and has been shown to increase galectin-1 expression in colon carcinoma cells. We studied the roles of butyrate and galectin-1 in the induction of differentiation and apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Treatment of LNCaP cells with butyrate resulted in induction of galectin-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment with butyrate also resulted in inhibition of proliferation, morphologic changes consistent with a differentiated phenotype, and induction of apoptosis. Prostate specific antigen expression was transiently reduced. To determine which of these effects might be secondary to the induction of galectin-1, LNCaP cells were transfected with a galectin-1 expression vector. The transfected cells displayed growth inhibition and an increased rate of apoptosis. PSA expression was not affected. We conclude that galectin-1 may be responsible for many of the phenotypic changes resulting from butyrate treatment and may function downstream in the pathway of butyrate-induced differentiation. We also found PSA to be somewhat inconsistent as an indicator of differentiation of LNCaP cells, likely due to other factors influencing its expression.
Synaptic Ultrastructure of Drosophila Johnston’s Organ Axon Terminals as Revealed by an Enhancer Trap

The role of auditory circuitry is to decipher relevant information from acoustic signals. Acoustic parameters used by different insect species vary widely. All these auditory systems, however, share a common transducer: tympanal organs as well as the Drosophila flagellar ears use chordotonal organs as the auditory mechanoreceptors. We here describe the central neural projections of the Drosophila Johnston's organ (JO). These neurons, which represent the antennal auditory organ, terminate in the antennomechanosensory center. To ensure correct identification of these terminals we made use of a beta-galactosidase-expressing transgene that labels JO neurons specifically. Analysis of these projection pathways shows that parallel JO fibers display extensive contacts, including putative gap junctions. We find that the synaptic boutons show both chemical synaptic structures as well as putative gap junctions, indicating mixed synapses, and belong largely to the divergent type, with multiple small postsynaptic processes. The ultrastructure of JO fibers and synapses may indicate an ability to process temporally discretized acoustic information.
Entecavir: a new treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection

Hepatitis B virus can cause both acute and chronic liver disease in humans. Entecavir, a new, potent, orally administered guanosine analog for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, has recently approved in the USA and Europe. Monotherapy with entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients has been associated with statistically superior histological improvement, greater reduction in hepatitis B virus-DNA levels, and improved normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels when compared with lamivudine. After 2 years of treatment, viral resistance to entecavir has not developed in the antiviral-naive patient population. Similar findings in terms of efficacy have also been observed in patients with lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus. The use of entecavir in the lamivudine-resistant patient population could lead to the development of entecavir-resistant mutants at the rate of 9% by 2 years. Entecavir is well tolerated with a good safety profile and should be considered as primary therapy for chronic hepatitis B....