cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hardware architecture for implementing protection rings

This paper appears in the March, 1972, issue of the Communications of the ACM. Its abstract is reproduced below.Protection of computations and information is an important aspect of a computer utility. In a system which uses segmentation as a memory addressing scheme, protection can be achieved in part by associating concentric rings of decreasing access privilege with a computation. The mechanisms allow cross-ring calls and subsequent returns to occur without trapping to the supervisor. Automatic hardware validation of references across ring boundaries is also performed. Thus, a call by a user procedure to a protected subsystem (including the supervisor) is identical to a call to a companion user procedure. The mechanisms of passing and referencing arguments are the same in both cases as well.
Thinopus and a Critical Review of Devonian Tetrapod Footprints

Devonian tetrapod tracks and trackways can be recognized by three criteria: morphology of the manus and pes impressions that matches known Devonian tetrapod skeletal morphology, manus smaller than pes, and the alternating trackway pattern that results from lateral sequence walking in quadrupedal tetrapod locomotion. The first reported Devonian tetrapod track, named Thinopus antiquus, from Pennsylvania, is not a tetrapod track and is likely an impression of a fish coprolite(s). A critical review of the published Devonian track record indicates only three can be verified as produced by a tetrapod trackmaker—Genoa River, Australia; Easter Ross, Scotland; and Valentia Island, Ireland. The supposed tetrapod tracks from the Middle Devonian of the Zachelmie quarry, Poland, fail the criteria for identification as Devonian tetrapod tracks. Indeed, no convincing case has been made that the Zachelmie structures are tetrapod tracks. Instead, they are reinterpreted as fish nests/feeding traces (ichnogenus Piscichnus)....
RCS modeling with the TSAR FDTD code

The TSAR electromagnetic modeling system consists of a family of related codes that have been designed to work together to provide users with a practical way to set up, run, and interpret the results from complex 3-D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulations. TSAR was originally developed to analyze high-power microwave and EMP coupling problems. However, the general-purpose nature of the tools has made it possible to use the codes to solve a broader class of electromagnetic applications and has motivated the addition of features. In particular, a family of near-to-far field transformation routines has been added to the codes, enabling TSAR to be used for radar-cross section (RCS) and antenna analysis problems. >
Strategies Supporting Heterogeneous Data and Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Towards an Ocean Informatics Environment

This paper considers the elements and challenges of heterogeneous data management and interdisciplinary collaboration, drawing from the literatures on participatory design, computer-supported cooperative work, and science studies to support information design efforts within the rapidly evolving world of large-scale science projects. Certain tensions are embedded in such collaborative projects, being rooted in distinctive disciplinary knowledge interests brought to the table and expressed in occasionally divergent understandings of project rationale, identity and success. A continuum of strategies exist for dealing with such tensions. In this paper, we discuss two of these: a strategy of 'mindful variety' built around an appreciation of disciplinary, organizational and biographical heterogeneneity of collaborative ventures; and attention to the proliferation of 'boundary objects' and shared languages between and within adjacent communities of practice. These strategies are considered specifically through the lens of an Ocean Informatics Environment (OIE), a concept that joins ocean, information, and social scientists working to construct locally responsive, adaptive and scalable information infrastructures for the practice of ocean science. Our team seeks to design an environment supporting reflexive and heterogeneous data practices responsive to the multiple work worlds of ocean science. We consider the development of an ethic of collaborative care, offered as a working principle for the identification, preservation and bridging of disciplinary difference in the cooperative design of scientific work settings as one of several strategies emerging from ongoing work.
Adipokines in children with sleep disordered breathing.

vs 5,875.5±8,425.7 pg/ml, P 1/hr (P = 0.006) and in children with SpO 2 nadir ≥90% than children with SpO 2 nadir <90%, even after controlling for BMI Z score (P<0.03). No significant differences were found in log resistin levels as a function of obesity or AHI. Significant correlations between log adiponectin levels and log Insulin/Glucose (I/G) ratios (-0.28, P = 0.006) and between log leptin levels and log I/G ratios (r = 0.66, P<0.0001) emerged. Conclusions: In close agreement with the absence of a measurable effect of SDB on insulin resistance in children, circulating adipokines levels are primarily attributable to the ponderal index. However, SDB and associated hypoxemia may contribute to the elevation of leptin levels.
Cancer pain management.

BACKGROUND Controlling pain in cancer patients is often inadequate. A recent multicenter study of patients with metastatic disease who were experiencing pain reported that 36% still had pain severe enough to compromise their daily function. METHODS The author draws on his experiences as well as those of others to review general guidelines and provide specific recommendations for cancer pain management. RESULTS Three components are critical to managing cancer pain: assessing pain, establishing an appropriate therapeutic opioid regimen, and integrating with other therapies. An appropriate therapeutic opioid regimen involves initiating, consolidating and maintaining therapy. Other strategies (e.g., advanced pharmacological, adjuvant, interventional, and psychological) can be added to opioid therapy. CONCLUSIONS A revision of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Cancer Pain Guidelines is currently underway. The management of pain in cancer patients should include more frequent reassessment of both analgesia and side effects to ensure optimal cancer pain relief.
Plasma markers of inflammation and prediction of cardiovascular disease and mortality in African Americans with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Background To determine whether plasma levels of markers of inflammation are predictive of the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, or mortality in African Americans with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 484 African Americans with type 1 diabetes were included. At baseline and 6-year follow-up, a clinical interview and examination were conducted to document CVD and systemic hypertension. Venous blood for glycated hemoglobin and cholesterol was obtained and albumin excretion rate measured. Mortality was assessed annually between baseline and 6-year follow-up by review of the social security death index. Baseline plasma levels of 28 inflammatory biomarkers were measured using multiplex bead analysis system. Results After adjusting for baseline age and other confounders, African Americans with type 1 diabetes in the highest quartile of plasma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) were three times more likely to develop CVD than those in the lowest quartile. African Americans with type 1 diabetes in the lowest quartiles of plasma stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) had a 75% higher risk of death than patients in the highest quartile, independently of age, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, hypertension, and albuminuria. Conclusion In African Americans with type 1 diabetes, high plasma IP-10 is an independent predictor for incident CVD and low SDF-1 an independent predictor for mortality.
Influence of Soil Conditions on Carduus Thistles and Development of the Thistle Head Weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Plumeless thistle, Carduus acanthoides L., and musk thistle, CarduuS thoermeri Weinmann, potted plants were inoculated with eggs of Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich and subjected to four combinations of moist, dry, fertile, and infertile soil conditions in the greenhouse. Significant differences were found between weights of weevils developing in musk thistle under fertile vs. infertile, and moist vs. dry conditions. Insect survival rates showed similar trends, but differences were not significant. Similar results were obtained for plumeless thistle, although significant differences in weights resulted only from fertile vs. infertile conditions
Effect of Diethylstilbestrol Dipropionate on Mammary Development and Lactation

Conclusions1. Progestin is not necessary for complete mammary development in cattle. 2. Estrogens will induce mammary development and copious milk secretion in cattle without injection of prolactin. 3. The turgidity of the udder may be used as an indicator of the secretory activity of the non-lactating gland. 4. The titer of estrogen determines its effect on the mammary gland. A low titer induces proliferation of the parenchyma and secretion of milk; a high titer suppresses lactation and brings on involution of the mammary gland.
Empowerment as a Key Construct for Understanding Corporate Community Engagement

ABSTRACTThis article explores the place for empowerment in community relations programs. Descriptions of 97 corporate community programs are analyzed to determine how these companies articulate community engagement and the importance given to community empowerment in their work. Empowerment is proposed as a key construct for understanding a company’s role in the community because it places the community and its members at the center of the process, and allows for the evaluation of how these programs contribute to the long-term benefit of the people who have participated in, or have been beneficiaries of, these programs.
The Analysis of the Welding Quality of Automobile Body and the Assurance

The article analyzes the forms of automobile body welding and the quality problems of it,expounds the causes responsible for these problems,the rationale and their solutions based on the treatment experiences.
Sustainable Chemistry: Reversible reaction of CO2 with amines

The reaction of primary and secondary amines with CO 2 has been successfully leveraged to develop sustainable processes. In this article, we review specific examples that use the reversible reaction of CO 2 with amines to synergistically enhance reaction and recovery of the products. The three cases of interest highlighted herein are: (i) reversible protection of amines, (ii) reversible ionic liquids for CO 2 capture and chemical transformations, and (iii) reversible gels of ethylene diamine. These examples demonstrate that the reversible reaction of amines with CO 2 is one of the tools in the sustainable technology’s toolbox.
Predictive control of multiple UGVs in a NCS with adaptive bandwidth allocation

In network based path tracking control of systems with multiple unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), performance can be affected by network constraints including time-varying network delays and bandwidth limitations. Network delay has previously been compensated for using smith predictor based techniques and gain scheduling to limit UGV motion. The predictive gain scheduler introduced in this paper uses the predicted trajectory and future path to maximize allowable travel while considering the network delay. On the other hand, bandwidth management has been approached by optimizing total bandwidth usage under performance constraints. However, by optimizing the performance of the UGVs under bandwidth constraints, the total networked control system performance increases.
CD15 (Lewis x) Expression in Human Myeloid Cell Differentiation Is Regulated by Sialidase Activity.

The cell surface carbohydrate Lewis x (Lex, CD15) is now well established as an important marker for immunophenotyping leukocytes and for immunoregulatory functions. Lex is related to sialyl Lex (sLex) by the addition of a sialic acid in the core Lex trisaccharide. This sialylation has profound implications as it confers novel biological function(s) to the core trisaccharide. In particular, expression of sLex correlates with E-selectin ligand activity. Though the expression of Lex in myeloid differentiation is now widely recognized, no studies to date have addressed the molecular mechanism regulating its expression. To examine this issue, we employed a leukemic model of differentiation based on the capacity of anti-CD44 mAbs to induce maturation and Lex expression. We found that anti-CD44 mAb-induced expression of Lex (> 30% increase in Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) by flow cytometry) was accompanied by decreased expression (> 20% decrease in MFI) of its related structure sialyl Lex (sLex). Two non-mutually exclusive processes could account for the increase in Lex expression during myeloid differentiation: neo-synthesis of the Lex epitope and/or de-sialylation of the existing sLex. To test whether increased expression of Lex during CD44-induced differentiation resulted from augmented synthesis, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cells were treated with anti-CD44 mAb in the presence of 4F-GlcNAc (2-acetamido-1,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-fluoro-D-glucopyranose), an inhibitor of poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine synthesis. 4-F-GlcNAc did not significantly alter the increase of Lex induced by the anti-CD44 mAb indicating that the CD44-mediated increase of Lex does not require de-novo polylactosamine synthesis. In presence of the sialidase inhibitor DANA (2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-Acetyl-neuraminic acid) the anti-CD44-induced increase of Lex and decrease of sLex were abrogated indicating that sialidase plays an important role in the modulation of Lex expression during CD44 mAb-induced granulocytic differentiation. Moreover, using the exogenous substrate 4MU-NANA to measure endogenous sialidase activity in AML cells we found that the anti-CD44 mAb Hermes-1 induced a significant increase in the sialidase activity of AML cells, strongly suggesting that CD44-induced differentiation causes the elaboration of endogenous sialidases that are responsible for the modulation of Lex level by converting sLex into Lex. Furthermore, treatment of immature myeloid cells with G-CSF induced a 2-fold increase in sialidase activity, coincident with increased morphological changes of differentiation suggesting that the induction of surface sialidase activity is associated dynamically with the conversion of immature to mature phenotypes among native myeloid cells. Our results unveil a new paradigm, demonstrating a critical role for glycosidase activity in the “biosynthesis” of a key glycan determinant expressed on human cells.
Diminished Antimicrobial Peptide and Antifungal Antibiotic Activities against Candida albicans in Denture Adhesive

The underlying causes of denture stomatitis may be related to the long-term use of adhesives, which may predispose individuals to oral candidiasis. In this study, we hypothesize that antimicrobial peptides and antifungal antibiotics have diminished anti-Candida activities in denture adhesive. To show this, nine antimicrobial peptides and five antifungal antibiotics with and without 1.0% denture adhesive were incubated with Candida albicans strains ATCC 64124 and HMV4C in radial diffusion assays. In gels with 1.0% adhesive, HNP-1, HBD2, HBD3, IP-10, LL37 (only one strain), histatin 5 (only one strain), lactoferricin B, and SMAP28 showed diminished activity against C. albicans. In gels with 1.0% adhesive, amphotericin B and chlorhexidine dihydrochloride were active against both strains of C. albicans. These results suggest that denture adhesive may inactivate innate immune mediators in the oral cavity increasing the risk of C. albicans infections, but inclusion of antifungal antibiotics to denture adhesive may aid in prevention or treatment of Candida infections and denture stomatitis.
Motivation and Active Learning to Improve Student Performance: An Extended Abstract

Learning, student motivation, and mobile technology are three components of most contemporary college classrooms; yet the academy has divided opinions as to what mix of the latter two maximizes the former. Many of these opinions are based only on observations in the classroom as few empirical studies exist. Arguments in favor of including mobile technology in a learning environment include providing greater access to information for students (Ferris 2015), increased student engagement (Zhu et al. 2012), and providing students the freedom and responsibility of choice (Von Schlicten 2015). Still, the evidence mounts that unfettered access to mobile technology acts as a gateway out of the learning experience (Rosen et al. 2013) and limits processing and performance of students (Mueller and Oppenheimer 2014). In fact, students typically overestimate their ability to split their attention between social uses of technology and education uses (Rosen et al. 2012) which suggests that students do not have the necessary information and experience to make informed decisions about the use of mobile technology in the classroom. This manuscript investigates those questions of student choice and student learning in a real-world setting and offers recommendations for designing a classroom policy regarding the use of mobile technology.
A Comparative Study on TID Influenced Lateral Diffusion of Group 11 Metals Into Ge x S 1− x and Ge x Se 1− x Systems: A Flexible Radiation Sensor Development Perspective

The impact of varying: 1) metals used to form contact electrodes and 2) chalcogenide glass atomic ratio/chemical composition on the performance of our recently developed flexible radiation detection sensors has been investigated. For electrodes, three group 11 elements (i.e., copper, silver, and gold) were used. For chalcogenide glass film, either Ge x S1− x or Ge x Se1− x was used where the atomic ratio of the chalcogen atoms (i.e., sulfide or selenide) was varied from device to device. Selenide systems with Ag electrodes were found to be very promising, since the limit of detection of the sensors showed clear dependence on the Se atomic ratio in the chalcogenide glass film. The other selenide and sulfide systems with different group 11 metal electrodes were not as suitable for the present lateral diffusion-based design due to either their control instability or very slow diffusion caused by $\gamma $ irradiation from a 60Co source.
On Low Frequency Oscillatory Elastic Arterial Blood Flow with Stenosis

We consider the problem of oscillatory blood flow in an elastic artery with an overlapping stenosis, where the pulse frequency is considered too low that can be the case for patients whose hearts beat too slowly. The blood flow in the elastic artery is assumed to be a suspension of red cells in plasma, and we make use of the variable fluid viscosity modelling by taking into account the amount of red cells in the blood flow system. Equations for the blood flow variables and the elastic wall displacements are solved subjected to reasonable modeling and approximation. We determine, in particular, blood pressure force, blood speed, wall shear stress, flow resistance and both axial and radial displacements of the elastic wall versus spatial and time variables and for different values of the parameters such as those representing hematocrit, stenosis extent, wall stiffness, Young modulus, Poisson ratio, and viscous and elastic constraints of the elastic wall for different tethering cases. The mutual effects of the blood pressure and flow quantities on the elastic wall displacements and vice versa are determined.
Family ideation, immigration, and the racial state: explaining divergent family reunification policies in Britain and the US

Why do family reunification policies differ across liberal democracies? Established literature explains differentiation through reference to the logics of distinct “national models” of immigration ...
Manganese exposure exacerbates progressive motor deficits and neurodegeneration in the MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson’s disease: Relevance to gene and environment interactions in metal neurotoxicity

Parkinson's disease (PD) is now recognized as a neurodegenerative condition caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental influences. Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been implicated in the development of PD. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with PD pathology as well as Mn neurotoxicity, we investigated whether Mn exposure augments mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system using a newly available mitochondrially defective transgenic mouse model of PD, the MitoPark mouse. This unique PD model recapitulates key features of the disease including progressive neurobehavioral changes and neuronal degeneration. We exposed MitoPark mice to a low dose of Mn (10mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 4 weeks starting at age 8 wks and then determined the behavioral, neurochemical and histological changes. Mn exposure accelerated the rate of progression of motor deficits in MitoPark mice when compared to the untreated MitoPark group. Mn also worsened olfactory function in this model. Most importantly, Mn exposure intensified the depletion of striatal dopamine and nigral TH neuronal loss in MitoPark mice. The neurodegenerative changes were accompanied by enhanced oxidative damage in the striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of MitoPark mice treated with Mn. Furthermore, Mn-treated MitoPark mice had significantly more oligomeric protein and IBA-1-immunoreactive microglia cells, suggesting Mn augments neuroinflammatory processes in the nigrostriatal pathway. To further confirm the direct effect of Mn on impaired mitochondrial function, we also generated a mitochondrially defective dopaminergic cell model by knocking out the TFAM transcription factor by using a CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing method. Seahorse mitochondrial bioenergetic analysis revealed that Mn decreases mitochondrial basal and ATP-linked respiration in the TFAM KO cells. Collectively, our results reveal that Mn can augment mitochondrial dysfunction to exacerbate nigrostriatal neurodegeneration and PD-related behavioral symptoms. Our study also demonstrates that the MitoPark mouse is an excellent model to study the gene-environment interactions associated with mitochondrial defects in the nigral dopaminergic system as well as to evaluate the contribution of potential environmental toxicant interactions in a slowly progressive model of Parkinsonism.
Man\'s Best Friend: Property or Family Member - An Examination of the Legal Classification of Companion Animals and Its Impact on Damages Recoverable for Their Wrongful Death or Injury

In the United States, there is nearly one pet for every two Americans. Further, approximately 124 million dogs and cats live in American households. In one study, forty-five percent of dog owners reported that they take their pets on vacation. Another recent survey revealed that more than half of companion animal owners would prefer a dog or a cat to a human if they were stranded on a deserted island. Another poll revealed that fifty percent of pet owners would be "very likely" to risk their …
Designing a computer-Based Financial Systems Course

(1973). Designing a computer-Based Financial Systems Course. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 12-18.
Gauging the Success of the Coeur D'Alene Lake Management Plan: An Example of Tribal-State Cooperation

A short paper to explain the current status of the Lake Management Plan Between the State of Idaho and the Coeur d'Alene Tribe.
Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nanofibrils/epoxy nanocomposite foam

Plant-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have shown reinforcing effects in polymer nanocomposites. However, freeze-dried CNFs are foam-like material, namely aerogel, that are challenging to disperse in a polymer matrix. In this work, a liquid infusion process was developed for a CNF/epoxy nanocomposite cross-linked foam structure with alterable properties without damaging the foam structure. Microstructures of CNF/epoxy composite foams with different formulations were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Surface morphology showed that the CNF cross-linked fibers were well attached by epoxy resin. All absolute and specific mechanical properties [by normalizing the measured parameters against the measured density (ρ)] were investigated. Water resistance and thermal stability of CNF/epoxy composite foams were investigated by water absorption test and thermogravimetric analysis. The concentration of epoxy solution in both tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvents and ethyl acetate (EA) solvents was shown to improve compressive properties and water resistance. The samples fabricated with higher epoxy concentration had higher compressive properties, better water resistance, and better thermal stability. The CNF/epoxy composite foams exhibited compressive modulus and compressive strength up to 175 and 10 MPa, respectively. The water diffusion coefficient of CNF/epoxy composite foams was reduced with an increase in epoxy loading. Further, the CNF/epoxy nanocomposite foams fabricated by the epoxy/THF solution had a more uniform structure and better strength performance than foams fabricated by the epoxy/EA solution, due to the increased solubility of the epoxy in THF compared to epoxy in EA. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The Tg of the nanocomposites was influenced by the CNF/epoxy composition. Therefore, the properties of CNF/epoxy nanocomposite foams can be optimized via changing the solvent and concentration of epoxy resin in solvent.
Polymer coating on a micropillar chip for robust attachment of PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel for 3D hepatic cell culture.

Abstract For better mimicking tissues in vivo and developing predictive cell models for high-throughput screening (HTS) of potential drug candidates, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been performed in various hydrogels. In this study, we have investigated several polymer coating materials to robustly attach PuraMatrix peptide hydrogel on a micropillar chip for 3D culture of Hep3B human hepatic cells, which can be used as a tool for high-throughput assessment of compound hepatotoxicity. Among several amphiphilic polymers with maleic anhydride groups tested, 0.01% (w/v) poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMA-OD) provided superior coating properties with no PuraMatrix spot detachment from the micropillar chip and no air bubble entrapment in a complementary microwell chip. To maintain Hep3B cell viability in PuraMatrix gel on the chip, gelation conditions were optimized in the presence of additional salts, at different seeding densities, and for growth medium washes. As a result, salts in growth media were sufficient for gelation, and relatively high cell seeding at 6 million cells/mL and two media washes for pH neutralization were required. With optimized 3D cell culture conditions, controlled gene expression and compound toxicity assessment were successfully demonstrated by using recombinant adenoviruses carrying genes for green and red fluorescent proteins as well as six model compounds. Overall, PuraMatrix hydrogel on the chip was suitable for 3D cell encapsulation, gene expression, and rapid toxicity assessment.
Metabolism of Drugs and Other Foreign Compounds by Enzymatic Mechanisms

The duration of drug action is generally limited by the rate of conversion of therapeutic agents to inactivate metabolites, since most drugs must be metabolized before they are excreted in urine, air or bile. Without mechanisms for the metabolism of foreign compounds, little of our present drug therapy would be possible, for many therapeutic agents would evoke their effects for too long a time; in fact, many drugs like chlorpromazine or thiopental would act for virtually a lifetime.
Contribution of Municipal Waste Incineration to Trace Metal Deposition on the Vicinity

Because municipal solid waste incineration is onepotential source of air pollution, the incinerationindustry has provoked great public concern, especiallyfor areas within 10–20 km of an incinerator. However,little work has been done to evaluate whetheran incinerator significantly contributes pollutants to nearbyareas. Rain and snow samples were collected at eightlocations distributed in a semi-circular patternradiating out in the prevailing wind direction fromthe Claremont incinerator, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Sodium, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Al, B, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cr, Cd, V, Ni, Mn, As,Co, Cu, and Zn were analyzed in the solutions of rain and snowand in particulate fractions of rain samples. Principal component analysis was used toidentify the most important sources of atmosphericdeposition in an attempt to identify the contributionof heavy metal deposition due to the incinerator. Analyses show that the predominant sources of metaldeposition are very different for fall and winter. The most important source of metals for the rainsamples collected in fall 1996 is soil dust, but forthe snow samples collected in the winter 1997 isprobably coalfired fly ash. The Claremont incineratorcontributes less than 20% of the total variance of theelemental concentrations.
Anesthetic Aspects of Living Donor Hepatectomy

Led by Thomas E. Starzl, the era of liver transplantation began in 1963 at the University of Colorado, and by 1967, the first patient transplanted by this group survived more than a year [1]. However, not until further advances of knowledge, experience, and surgical technique in the field of split-liver technique allowed the transplantation of one donor graft into two recipients [2], was living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) attempted. First successfully performed in 1989 by Broelsch et al. [3] at the University of Chicago, a young girl born with biliary atresia was the recipient of her mother’s left lobe of liver. Since that time, experience in the field has grown to include adult-to-adult living liver transplantation.
Palliative Inotrope Therapy: A Narrative Review

Importance The number of patients living with end-stage heart failure is steadily growing, and ambulatory intravenous inotropic support is increasingly offered as a palliative therapy. However, the optimal ways to initiate, manage, and discuss the risks and benefits of palliative inotropes in the current era of heart failure care are unclear. Observations The initiation of palliative inotropes requires an understanding of clinical, psychosocial, and economic factors, as well as the changing risk-to-benefit calculus. While earlier studies suggested that outpatient inotrope therapy provided symptomatic benefit at the expense of reduced survival, recent data suggest that the survival of patients receiving chronic inotropes may be improving over time, perhaps owing to the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators, concurrent guideline-directed medical therapy, or lower doses of inotropes. The use of heart failure therapies, such as β-blockade, among patients receiving palliative inotropes is controversial but may be appropriate in select situations. Conclusions and Relevance The role of palliative inotropes is changing in tandem with advances in chronic heart failure care. However, there remains a profound lack of data and guidance on the effect of palliative inotropes on quality of life and mortality and little consensus on how this therapy can be optimally used in contemporary practice. This review provides a framework for the prescription and management of palliative inotropes, including a discussion of potential risks and benefits and a roadmap for how to initiate, maintain, and wean them.
Participatory creativities: developing a research design for children’s pastoral encounters with the natural world

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the author discusses the interrelationship between creativity, children’s experiences of the natural world and pastoral education. Based on a research design developed whilst...
No difference in failure rates or clinical outcomes between non-stemmed constrained condylar prostheses and posterior-stabilized prostheses for primary total knee arthroplasty.

There has been an increase in the use of unlinked constrained condylar knee (CCK) prostheses in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for cases with significant deformities that cannot be adequately balanced in flexion and extension. However, the literature on its outcomes is limited. The goal of this study is to evaluate whether there are any clinic or radiographic outcome differences for a primary, non-stemmed, unlinked constrained TKA as compared to a control group of posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA using the same implant design. Clinical and radiographic outcome measures for 404 cemented, non-stemmed, primary TKAs performed by two surgeons at the same institution were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent primary, non-stemmed components; 241 used CCK inserts and 163 used PS inserts. Preoperative deformity, knee society scores (KSS), range-of-motion (ROM), radiographic data and revision rates were compared between the CCK and PS groups. Both groups had comparable demographics and preoperative ROM and KSS. At similar mean follow-up times (6.1 ± 1.0 years for the CCK group and 6.3 ± 1.2 years for the PS group), no significant difference was found in ROM, KSS or radiographic outcomes. Revision rates were higher for the CCK group (2%) as compared to the HF-PS (0.6%) group (n.s). The particular design of cemented, primary, non-stemmed, unlinked CCK-TKA examined in this study provided similar clinical and radiographic outcomes to that of PS-TKA at midterm follow-up. III.
Monitoring the orbital decay of the Chinese space station Tiangong-1 from the loss of control until the re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere

Abstract Launched in September 2011, the first Chinese space station Tiangong-1 was originally planned to be deorbited with a controlled re-entry at the end of its operational life. However, due to a fatal on-board failure that occurred in March 2016, it was irremediably doomed to an uncontrolled decay. The latter was regularly monitored at ISTI-CNR, which also joined an international re-entry campaign, starting a couple of months before the final decay, on 2 April 2018, apart from providing support to the Italian Space Agency for the National Department of Civil Protection. In spite of numerous challenges encountered during the campaign, due to the complex dynamics of the re-entering object, due to the lack of information on its structure and fragmentation process, and due to the distinctive characteristics of the space environment, often not properly represented by the available semi-empirical thermosphere density models, reasonable and conservative solutions were devised and applied, providing a valuable support to plan, at national level, the appropriate measures to mitigate the potential risk to airspace and on the ground due to falling debris from this uncontrolled re-entry.
Quantitative Delineation of Herpesviruses in Bats for use in Ecological Studies

Public health concerns about recent viral epidemics have motivated researchers to seek transdisciplinary understanding of infection in wildlife hosts. With its deep history devoted to explaining the abundance and distribution of organisms, ecology can augment current methods for studying viral dynamics. However, datasets allowing ecological explorations of viral communities are lacking, and common methods for delineating viral operational taxonomic units (OTUs), or 9species9, are subjective. Here, we comprehensively sampled 1,086 bats from two Puerto Rican caves and tested them for infection with herpesviruses. Using percent identity of nucleotides and a machine learning algorithm, we categorized herpesviruses into 41 OTUs, representing approximately 80% of all herpesviruses in the host community. Although 13 OTUs were detected in multiple host species, OTUs generally exhibited host specificity by infecting a core host species at a significantly higher prevalence than in all other species combined. Only two OTUs showed significantly different prevalence between host sexes. This work is the first exploration of viral community ecology in a community of wildlife hosts.
Multi-Agent System using JADE for Distributed DC Microgrid System Control

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a distributed multi-agent system (MAS) for a DC microgrid system using the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE), a Java software for MAS design. So far, most MAS implementations in power systems have been limited to simulations in one machine without taking advantage of the various features of MAS tools that JADE provides. In this paper, multiple computers are used to create a more realistic MAS with Ethernet-based communication links. A DC microgrid system is designed in Simulink and a JADE-Simulink interface is implemented using TCP/IP through an Interpreted Matlab Function block. The designed MAS is physically distributed so that agents representing elements of the microgrid exchange actual data, allowing for a new level of MAS system realization. Simulation results for the multi-agent based DC microgrid under some operating conditions are presented and discussed.
Perilunate Injury with Concomitant Short Radiolunate Ligament Disruption: Prevalence and Surgical Outcomes-"An Unusual Perilunate Injury Variant".

Background In the classic description of perilunate injuries, the short radiolunate ligament (SRL) remains intact. Objective This study was aimed to determine the occurrence of SRL disruptions with perilunate injuries and review the clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgical management. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted for patients who sustained a perilunate injury and a concomitant disruption of the SRL at a single-level-1 trauma center between January 2013 and January 2017. Patients with the combined injury pattern were compared with those with perilunate injury alone without SRL injury during the study period. Outcome measures included pain scores (visual analogue score), wrist and forearm range of motion, patient's return to their former occupation, and multiple radiographic parameters. Results Twenty-seven patients were treated operatively for a perilunate injury. Eight of these patients (30%) were found to have associated disruption of the SRL. When compared with patients with perilunate injury alone, these patients had a lower rate of return to work (57% [4 of 7] vs. 92% [12 of 13]), a significantly longer mean length of time to return to work (5.9 vs. 3.8 months), and a higher rate of associated upper extremity injury (75% [3 of 8] vs. 16% [3 of 19]. Conclusion Combined SRL disruption and perilunate dislocation or fracture dislocation represent a high-energy variant from the classic description of a perilunate injury. A heightened awareness for this combined injury pattern should be maintained when treating patients with perilunate injuries. Level of Evidence This is a Level III, prognostic study.
O5 Evaluation of a Food Insecurity Screen and Intervene Program in University Student Health Centers

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a food insecurity screen and intervene program in a university student health setting. Use of Theory or Research While food insecurity is a significant problem for many college students, connecting students to available on-campus resources has proved challenging. Target Audience Food insecure college students who use university health care services. Program Description Students visiting university health centers were screened for food insecurity (FI) using a 2-item screener embedded in a larger questionnaire administered online prior to students’ first appointment of the academic year. FI students were referred to on-campus food resources; specifically, they were given a “prescription” postcard with information about the student food pantry and Dean of Students office. Evaluation Methods We used a mixed-method evaluation, including semi-structured qualitative interviews with health services staff and clinicians (n = 18), and with FI students who were identified through the screener process (n = 8). In addition, we matched data from students who completed the FI screener (n = 5804) with on-campus food support usage. Results Out of over 11,000 students who had an appointment with student health services, approximately 50% completed the FI screener. Among those who screened, 563 (9.7%) were FI. Among the FI students, 55 (9.7%) used the food pantry and 124 (22%) used the Dean of Students office during the study period. Health care practitioners reported largely positive impressions of the program, including ease of use and perceived value, while also raising issues of language barriers and potential bias in the screener interpretation process. Student interviews identified ways in which practitioner and student perceptions of the program both overlapped and diverged. Conclusion This program was well-received by university health care practitioners and students, and, while many of the referred FI students used the on-campus supports, there is room for improvement in encouraging FI students to use available resources. Funding None.
Grass invasion reduces the resilience of tree regeneration to fire in the Central Hardwoods Region

Abstract Non-native grass invasions are altering fuels and fire behavior in forests, with uncertain consequences for tree regeneration and forest dynamics. We examined whether invasion by Microstegium vimineum, the most widespread invasive grass in the eastern United States, interacts with prescribed fire to reduce tree regeneration and evaluated how such interactions might influence long-term regeneration dynamics in the Central Hardwoods Region. Using paired invaded and uninvaded plots subjected to fall or spring burning, we quantified differences in pre-fire juvenile tree regeneration, fire intensity, and survival and resprouting rates of naturally established juvenile trees of varying sizes and species. Field data were then used to parameterize the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), a forest growth and yield simulation model. Prior to burning, seedling density was 43% lower in invaded than uninvaded plots and the seedling size-class distribution skewed toward larger individuals, suggesting grass invasion and fire previously acted as a filter on small tree regeneration or that invasion occurred in areas with larger and fewer trees. Burning resulted in similar rates of fuel consumption among treatments, with 1-h, 10-h, and 100-h fuels decreasing an average of 23%, 42%, and 18.5% respectively. However, invaded plots exhibited lower flame lengths, shorter fire residence times, and smaller burned areas than uninvaded plots, indicating lower fire intensity. Despite experiencing lower fire intensity, invaded plots had 46% higher mortality of small trees (
Gendered perceptions of procedural (in)justice in police encounters

Paramount to effective public safety and perception of the police is the public’s experiences. Looking through the lens of procedural justice, we examine implications of citizen-gender perceptions ...
Fully Automated Head and Neck Malignant Lesions Segmentation using Multimodality PET/CT imaging and A Deep Convolutional Network

1431 Objectives: Accurate delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) is a key step for accurate and effective management of head and neck cancer patients. Manual segmentation of PET images for delineation of GTV or calculation of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) is time consuming and prone to intra- and inter-observer variability. The availability of a fast and robust fully automated PET image segmentation algorithm is highly desired. The aim of the current study is to develop a fully automated image segmentation algorithm of head and neck malignant lesions from PET and CT images. Methods: We included 161 clinical PET/CT images of head and neck cancer patients. Eighty percent of the subjects were used for training whereas 20% were kept for external validation. The GTVs were manually delineated simultaneously on PET and CT images. The intensities of CT images in Hounsfield units and PET images converted to standardized uptake value (SUV) units were linearly normalized with respect to the maximum value of each dataset. PET and CT images were fused using wavelet fusion (WF), guided filtering-based fusion (GFF), and latent low-rank representation fusion (LLRR) algorithms. We implemented a modified multichannel input 3D U-NET for fully automatic segmentation. Standard image segmentation metrics, including Dice similarity index (Dice) were used for performance assessment of the algorithms. The relative error (RE%) of PET quantitative parameters including SUVmax, MTV and TLG were calculated. Results: The Dice for PET and CT only images was 0.79±0.01 and 0.73±0.08, respectively. This increased to 0.81±0.06 for multichannel PET and CT images and to 0.83±0.07 for WF fused images. Using multi-channel PET+CT+WF as input resulted in a Dice of 0.85±0.01. All images resulted in relative errors less than 1% for SUVmax whereas the lowest relative error was achieved for PET+CT+WF for MTV and TLG estimations (less than 5%). We also reported the outlier cases which deep learning algorithms failed to properly segment the GTVs. Conclusion: Deep learning-based algorithms exhibited promising performance for fully automated GTV segmentation of head and neck PET/CT images. Using multi-channel PET/CT and fusion image as input to the deep neural network improved the accuracy of GTV segmentation of head and neck lesions. Outlier cases should be considered in clinical routine.
Comparative effectiveness of combination first-line therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

e16549Background: Numerous immunotherapy (IO) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFI) options are approved for first-line (1L) treatment of mRCC. We performed a systemati...
Qualitative speed-accuracy tradeoff effects can be explained by a diffusion/fast-guess mixture model.

Rafiei and Rahnev (2021) presented an analysis of an experiment in which they manipulated speed-accuracy stress and stimulus contrast in an orientation discrimination task. They argued that the standard diffusion model could not account for the patterns of data their experiment produced. However, their experiment encouraged and produced fast guesses in the higher speed-stress conditions. These fast guesses are responses with chance accuracy and response times (RTs) less than 300 ms. We developed a simple mixture model in which fast guesses were represented by a simple normal distribution with fixed mean and standard deviation and other responses by the standard diffusion process. The model fit the whole pattern of accuracy and RTs as a function of speed/accuracy stress and stimulus contrast, including the sometimes bimodal shapes of RT distributions. In the model, speed-accuracy stress affected some model parameters while stimulus contrast affected a different one showing selective influence. Rafiei and Rahnev’s failure to fit the diffusion model was the result of driving subjects to fast guess in their experiment.
A predictive model of highway interchange land use development: A decision tool for planning

The most extensive highway construction program ever attempted in the United States of America is the National System of Interstate and Defense Highway which, when completed, will comprise over 42,000 miles of multi-lane divided highway. This system will link together more than 90 percent of the cities of the United States having populations of 50,000 or more.[1]