cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A personality profile of patients diagnosed with post‐polio syndrome

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) refers to the late development of new neuromuscular symptoms in previously stable poliomyelitis patients. Whether psychological disturbance plays a role in the manifestation of symptoms in these patients is unclear. We examined 22 patients fulfilling the clinical criteria for PPS with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II (MMPI-II), Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scales, Chapman and Chapman Psychosis-Proneness Scales, Fatigue Scales, a neurobehavioral rating scale, and Cognitive Symptoms Self-Report Scales. The overwhelming majority of scale scores were within normal limits, and there was no indication that psychopathologic symptoms were associated with the development or severity of new muscle weakness in PPS patients. Women with PPS had significantly more somatic complaints, but were less socially isolated than men with PPS. This study confirms that the development or severity of new muscle weakness in carefully diagnosed PPS patients is not due to, or influenced by, underlying psychopathology.
Pneumocystis carinii: new separation method from lung tissue.

Abstract A new method of separating Pneumocystis carinii from infected rat, human, and mouse lung tissue has been developed, based, in part, on techniques used for the separation of lymphocytes from hematopoietic and lymphoid organs. The lungs are homogenized with a Teflon pestle and fine wire-mesh screen, digested with collagenase and hyaluronidase, and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The method produces no morphologic alterations in P. carinii , as judged by light and electron microscopy. The method has been adapted for the quantitation of P. carinii in tissues and the production of antisera in rabbits.
Environmental regulation: A new approach

Environmental regulations traditionally have been developed to limit pollution emitted to a single environmental medium at a time. This approach has been followed for a variety of reasons—political, legal, and informational, to name a few. However, more efficient environmental management could be achieved if environmental standards were issued simultaneously across all media. In this way multimedia pollutant tradeoffs could be utilized and regulatory uncertainty could be reduced.
Earth's gravity field to the eighteenth degree and geocentric coordinates for 104 stations from satellite and terrestrial data

Geodetic parameters describing the earth's gravity field and the positions of satellite-tracking stations in a geocentric reference frame have been computed. These parameters were estimated by means of a combination of five different types of data: routine and simultaneous satellite observations, observations of deep space probes, measurements of terrestrial gravity, and surface triangulation data. The combination gives better parameters than does any subset of data types. The dynamic solution used precision-reduced Baker-Nunn observations and laser range data of 25 satellites. Data from the 49-station National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration BC-4 network, the 19-station Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Baker-Nunn network, and independent camera stations were employed in the geometrical solution.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Biological Specimens Utilizing Image Processing Techniques

Examination of biological structures at the level of whole cells presents several major problems that can be solved using two- and three-dimensional reconstruction and image enhancement techniques. Presented here are first steps towards realizing this goal of cellular tomography. General methodologies for extraction of additional information from biological objects using median and bandpass filtration and constrained deconvolution procedures are described. These image processing techniques are ideally suited for studying large non-crystalline objects by either optical or electron microscopy. The ultrastructural architecture of Drosophila sperm heads has been investigated, revealing that these examples of highly-condensed DNA have a defined arrangement based on helical principles.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Clinical Applications of Tissue Characterization Scattering and Attenuation

Ultrasound tissue characterization is the effort to derive from the ultrasound signal quantitative information which relates to and provides information about normal and diseased states. Two subjects in this research effort that are currently undergoing investigation and preliminary clinical application are scattering and attenuation. By quantifying backscatter amplitude, the "echogenicity" of diseased organs can be determined more precisely than by visual inspection. Obtaining some measurement of the spatial distribution of scatterers should serve as an approximate indicator of "tissue texture" and yield clinically useful information about normal and diseased tissue structure. Attenuation, estimated by measuring the change in frequency or amplitude as the ultrasound beam traverses tissue, may also prove valuable by providing another measurable parameter for the development of a given tissue's "acoustic profile." The successful implementation into clinical practice of these and other ultrasound tissue cha...
Granularity and upper critical fields in K3C60

Abstract The magnetoresistance of superconducting K3C60 samples with different granularity has been measured in fields up to 7.5 T. The upper critical field Hc2(T) is dependent on the grain size of the K3C60 regions within the sample: dHc2(T)/dT varies from -2.18 to -2.8 T/K near the superconducting transition temperature. At low temperatures, a small grain size leads to an apparent enhancement in Hc2(0).
Shaping the p53 Response with Nucleoporins

In this issue, Singer et al. (2012) reveal that the nucleoporin Nup98 supports adaptation to genotoxic stress by protecting specific p53-induced mRNAs from exosome-dependent degradation, suggesting that wild-type Nup98 may possess tumor suppressor function.
Persistent Subepidermal Blistering in Split-Thickness Skin Graft Sites: Ultrastructural and Antigenic Features Simulating Dystrophic or Immunofluorescence-Negative Acquired Epidermolysis Bullosa

• We describe a child who began developing subepidermal blisters in the recipient sites of split-thickness skin grafts; this process has continued for almost a year and continues to spare nongrafted skin. Routine histologic and immunofluorescence mapping studies demonstrated this disorder to be a relatively noninflammatory one characterized by sub-lamina densa blister formation. Results of direct immunofluorescence were negative. By electron microscopy, anchoring fibrils were sparse in number and in some areas appeared malformed; otherwise, the basement membrane zone was morphologically unremarkable. Bullous pemphigoid antigen, laminin, type IV collagen, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen, and LDA-1 were all normally expressed along the dermoepidermal junction. In contrast, KF-1 antigen was absent. These findings suggest a disease process confined to skin graft recipient sites with features identical to those previously described with recessive dystrophic or immunofluorescence-negative acquired epidermolysis bullosa. ( Arch Dermatol 1988;124:244-249)
The histopathology of Sjögren's syndrome in labial salivary gland biopsies

Abstract Labial salivary gland biopsy specimens from seventy-five patients evaluated for Sjogren's syndrome were examined histologically. Clinically severe cases of Sjogren's syndrome showed the most marked histologic change. Focus score was found to be the most useful histologic index of severity of the disease. Large numbers of plasma cells were found in small foci and mild cases. Plasma cells were decreased in proportion, compared to lymphocytes, in larger foci and severe cases. These observations are discussed in the light of possible mechanisms of tissue damage in this disease.
Test of the fermion dynamical symmetry model microscopy in the sd shell

The recently formulated fermion dynamical symmetry model treats low-lying collective levels as states classified in a pseudo-orbit pseudo-spin (k-i) basis having either k = 1 and zero i seniority, or i = (3/2) and zero k seniority. The validity of this suggestion, which has not previously been subjected to a microscopic examination, is determined for even-even nuclei in the sd shell, for which the model is phenomenologically successful, by comparing these states with the eigenfunctions of a realistic Hamiltonian. Most low-lying levels are almost orthogonal to the fermion dynamical symmetry model zero seniority subspaces.
Intercalation conformations in single- and double-stranded nucleic acids

Abstract Two regions in the crystal structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA, where single-stranded loops interact by intercalation, have been examined in detail. There are four examples of a nucleotide base from one loop intercalating between two sequential bases of another loop in these two regions. These four dinucleoside phosphate conformations serve as models for intercalation in single-stranded nucleic acids. Double-stranded DNA and RNA polymers were constructed by computer model building methods, which incorporated the dinucleoside phosphate conformations found in these single-stranded, intercalation regions in otherwise standard double-helices. The results suggest that it is unlikely that there is a unique intercalation geometry for either single- or double-stranded nucleic acids, but that nucleic acids may assume one of a variety of intercalation geometries which will best accommodate a particular intercalating agent for a particular base sequence.
Tracking marsh restoration using macrobenthic metrics: implementing a functional approach

Attempts to understand ecological processes within restored saltmarsh ecosystems have increased dramatically in recent years; and it is now generally agreed that marsh restoration success should be gauged relative to the recovery of ecosystem function. Studies of macroinfaunal recovery in created marshes typically employ faunistic metrics to examine colonization and succession. Few studies employ macrobenthic functional metrics. Here, we present an evaluative approach employing macrobenthic functional metrics for use in marsh restoration studies in the context of a comparative study. To illustrate the approach, a four-way comparison of functional and faunistic metrics is made between intertidal Spartina and adjacent subtidal habitats and between a set of created marsh islands that have been established for 27 years and a set of nearby natural marsh islands within Davis Bay, Mississippi. The suite of functional metrics used in this study characterizes the macroinfauna in terms of biological production based and community maturity based attributes. Several production-based attributes (e.g., production potential, normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) intercept residuals, total abundance) differed between habitats and between created and natural sites; and community maturity based attributes (e.g., mean size, NBSS slope, faunal turnover rate) differed between habitats. Of the functional metrics, NBSS intercept residuals were most effective for discerning created and natural sites, followed by production potential and total abundance. Of the faunistic metrics, faunal diversity and dominance did not differ between created and natural sites; however evenness was higher at the created site. Diversity and evenness differed significantly between habitats; and dominance almost differed between habitats. Community structure (Bray–Curtis similarity) differed between habitats and between created and natural marshes. This study illustrates how macrobenthic functional metrics can be practical and informative for tracking marsh restoration success. Functional metrics deliver additional insights and appear to be more effective than faunistic metrics. Not only do these functional metrics fulfill the need to understand the role of benthic processes within the context of marsh restoration; they can be related appropriately to other aspects of ecosystem function.
The impact of fetal echocardiography on perinatal outcome

Fetal echocardiograms were performed in 266 gravidae over a one-year period for a variety of previously identified indications. The largest group consisted of 112 patients referred because of other family members with congenital heart disease (CHD). Of these, only one fetus had CHD. The groups with the highest incidence of CHD were those suspected on general obstetrical scan to have structural cardiac disease (50% abnormal) and those scanned after extracardiac anomalies were found (26% abnormals). Forty rhythm abnormalities were encountered, 85% isolated premature atrial extra-systoles. We conclude that fetal echocardiography should be part of the prenatal evaluation of fetuses with extracardiac anomalies and of those with nonimmune hydrops. Any fetus suspected to have an abnormality of cardiac structure from the four-chamber view of the heart usually visualized while obtaining the abdominal circumference should also be evaluated.
Stress-related biobehavioral profile of senior nursing students

Objective : The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of psychosocial (stress, moods, and loneliness) and salivary biomarker responses (cortisol, alpha-amylase, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-1β, estradiol, and testosterone) and their associations in senior nursing students. Because of diversity in student characteristics, we also examined group differences by age, prior degree status, and curricular tracks. Methods : In a cross-sectional study, 77 graduating baccalaureate nursing students completed questionnaires and provided a saliva sample via passive drool during fall semester, 2013. All data were collected between 8:00 am and noon. Biomarker levels were assessed with enzyme-linked immunoassays, and biological data were transformed prior to data analyses as needed. Results : On average, psychosocial and biological responses seem to be within normal ranges. One third of students, however, showed moderately high or high levels of stress. Stress was significantly and inversely correlated with estradiol, r = -.25, p < .04, and alpha amylase, r = -.31, p < .007. Anger and confusion were significantly and positively correlated with testosterone, r = .24 to .27, p < .05. Despite the diversity, there were no significant psychosocial or biological differences between groups. Conclusions : Although average psychosocial and biological responses seem unremarkable, a subset of students showed relatively high levels of stress. Several psychosocial factors were significantly correlated with biological responses, suggesting biobehavioral interactions to influence the health. Regular stress assessment and campus resources may facilitate early stress management to minimize potential long-term adverse health outcomes.
Retransplantation for hepatic allograft failure: Prognostic modeling and ethical considerations☆

Retransplantation already accounts for 10% of all liver transplants performed, and this percentage is likely to increase as patients live long enough to develop graft failure from recurrent disease. Overall, retransplantation is associated with significantly diminished survival and increased costs. This review summarizes the current causes of graft failure after primary liver transplant, prognostic models that can identify the subset of patients for retransplantation with outcomes comparable to primary transplantation, and ethical considerations in this setting, i.e., outcomes-based versus urgency-based approaches.
Machine learning for regulatory analysis and transcription factor target prediction in yeast.

High throughput technologies, including array-based chromatin immunoprecipitation, have rapidly increased our knowledge of transcriptional maps—the identity and location of regulatory binding sites within genomes. Still, the full identification of sites, even in lower eukaryotes, remains largely incomplete. In this paper we develop a supervised learning approach to site identification using support vector machines (SVMs) to combine 26 different data types. A comparison with the standard approach to site identification using position specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) for a set of 104 Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulators indicates that our SVM-based target classification is more sensitive (73 vs. 20%) when specificity and positive predictive value are the same. We have applied our SVM classifier for each transcriptional regulator to all promoters in the yeast genome to obtain thousands of new targets, which are currently being analyzed and refined to limit the risk of classifier over-fitting. For the purpose of illustration we discuss several results, including biochemical pathway predictions for Gcn4 and Rap1. For both transcription factors SVM predictions match well with the known biology of control mechanisms, and possible new roles for these factors are suggested, such as a function for Rap1 in regulating fermentative growth. We also examine the promoter melting temperature curves for the targets of YJR060W, and show that targets of this TF have potentially unique physical properties which distinguish them from other genes. The SVM output automatically provides the means to rank dataset features to identify important biological elements. We use this property to rank classifying k-mers, thereby reconstructing known binding sites for several TFs, and to rank expression experiments, determining the conditions under which Fhl1, the factor responsible for expression of ribosomal protein genes, is active. We can see that targets of Fhl1 are differentially expressed in the chosen conditions as compared to the expression of average and negative set genes. SVM-based classifiers provide a robust framework for analysis of regulatory networks. Processing of classifier outputs can provide high quality predictions and biological insight into functions of particular transcription factors. Future work on this method will focus on increasing the accuracy and quality of predictions using feature reduction and clustering strategies. Since predictions have been made on only 104 TFs in yeast, new classifiers will be built for the remaining 100 factors which have available binding data.
Examining Foster Care" A Viable Solution for Placement of Handicapped Children?

Foster care for handicapped children has become a frequently used and even more frequently criticized procedure. Traditional methods of foster placement have resulted in a number of negative outcomes, especially for the placed children. Based on a review of some recent innovative foster care programs, this paper has isolated a number of options for the restructuring of the entire foster care delivery system. These options include: rigorous client evaluation, use of selection and training criteria for foster parents, matching of client needs to caregiver abilities in making placement decisions, and ongoing professional support and supervision after placement. Systematic consideration of these issues may help make foster care a more viable solution to the growing problem of home placement for handicapped children. Foster home care represents an often-used solution to the problem of placing youngsters who would otherwise be placed in total institutions. By living in a foster home, the child has an opportunity to grow up in the community, with all its social concomitants. The child can learn from parentlike adult models, in a small familylike unit that allows more one-to-one contact. In addition, Garrett (1970) demonstrated that foster care costs markedly less than inpatient hospitalization (in her study, the placement of 24 children in foster homes represented a savings to the state of $200,000 per year). She also concluded that since the child is not set apart as deviant, he had a better chance of becoming a socially well-functioning adult than a child raised ha an institution. Even though the concept of foster care seems theoretically reasonable, it has proven difficult to successfully operationalize and implement for all home
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: delayed targeting of DNA synthesis after repeated administration.

Despite the fact that they recover more rapidly from cholinesterase inhibition than do adults, developing animals are more sensitive to delayed neurotoxicity caused by chlorpyrifos exposure. Previous studies indicate that acute, high dose chlorpyrifos exposure of developing rats interferes with synthesis of brain macromolecules, dependent upon a critical maturational stage and upon regional disparities in cholinergic innervation. In order to determine whether chronic, lower level chlorpyrifos exposure targets similar developmental events, rats were treated daily on postnatal days 1-4, using a dose (1 mg/kg, s.c.) that caused no mortality or weight deficits and that produces minimal cholinesterase inhibition. At the end of the treatment period, we examined macromolecule synthesis in three brain regions possessing disparate maturational profiles and cholinergic innervation: the brainstem, which undergoes its primary phase of neurogenesis prenatally and develops prominent cholinergic innervation, the forebrain, which develops somewhat later but also becomes cholinergically enriched, and the cerebellum, which undergoes neurogenesis postnatally and remains poor in cholinergic innervation. Four h after the last chlorpyrifos treatment, no effects were seen for DNA, RNA or protein synthesis. However, on postnatal day 5 (24 h after the last treatment), robust deficits in DNA synthesis were observed in brainstem and forebrain, with lesser effects on the cerebellum. Although the brain regional selectivity is compatible either with differences in critical maturational phases or with targeting of cholinergically-enriched brain regions, we found no significant effects in the heart, despite the fact that it is also receives cholinergic innervation. Effects on DNA synthesis were not evident 4 h after the last dose, but then appeared after 24 h. As the 4-h point is 28 h after the third dose, this suggests that a cumulative threshold needs to be exceeded in order for the delayed neurotoxicity to appear. At the point at which DNA synthesis was inhibited in brainstem and forebrain, no effects were seen for RNA or protein synthesis, indicating selectivity for macromolecule synthesis associated with cell replication. These data indicate that otherwise subtoxic, chronic exposures to chlorpyrifos nevertheless target DNA synthesis, and by inference, cell replication, in selective brain cell populations, early events that are likely contributors to the deficits in cell number that appear several days later.
Ability of various injuries to promote resorption of denervated, nerve independent regenerates of adult newts.

Young blastemas of the newt resorb if the limb is denervated, and are thus called “nerve dependent.” Late bud and later stage regenerates are termed “nerve independent” because, while denervation inhibits their growth, they proceed through differentiation to form a normally patterned regenerate. Schotte and Liversage ('59) found that reamputation of a denervated nerve independent regenerate causes it to resorb. The present study asked whether injuries of varying severity are equally effective at promoting resorption. Newt forelimbs were amputated through the mid-radius/ulna. At nerve independent stages, the regenerates were denervated and injured in one of a variety of ways, then monitored for signs of resorption. Reamputation of the tip or incisions which created large gaps in the wound epidermis promoted resorption in 77–90% of the cases. Histology showed that the tissue removed by tip reamputation was a small proportion of the entire regenerate, suggesting that blastema resorption is not determined simply by the number of cells directly affected by the injury. Pin prick injuries, which created small disruptions of the wound epidermis, never caused resorption. Devascularization, caused by severing the brachial artery, promoted resorption in 17% of cases. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that avascularity is a major causative factor in nerve dependence.
Solubility of Polymers and Copolymers in Supercritical CO2

Cloud-point data to temperatures of 270 °C and 3000 bar are presented for CO2 with the family of poly(acrylates) including methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, ethylhexyl, and octadecyl, with poly(butyl methacrylate), with poly(vinyl acetate), with statistically random copolymers of poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate) with 41, 31, and 18 mol % acrylate, with poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(vinylidene-co-hexafluoropropylene) copolymers, each with ∼20 mol % hexafluoropropylene, and with Teflon AF. Over the same range of conditions, CO2 cannot dissolve polyethylene, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), polystyrene, poly(vinyl fluoride), or poly(vinylidene fluoride). CO2 is a weak solvent that exhibits the temperature-sensitive characteristics observed with polar solvents. The solubility of a nonpolar hydrocarbon polymer or a copolymer in CO2 can be increased by at least partially fluorinating the polymer or by incorporating some polar groups into the backb...
The new code of canon law: Reference and research materials for libraries

Abstract The revised Code of Canon Law of the Roman Catholic Church was promulgated in 1983. This bibliographic essay examines bibliographic control in this area, and goes on to provide an analysis of texts and sources, of indexes, of general commentaries on the Code, commentaries on marriage in the Code, commentaries on religious and monastic life in the Code, and journals. In the absence of a comprehensive instrument of bibliographical control in the area of canon law, this article provides a guide to acquisitions librarians.
Use of Coated Tubing as Columns for Gas Chromatography

THE original suggestion by Martin1 for the use of columns 0.2 mm. in diameter in gas chromatography has been put to use with considerable success. The first theoretical and practical considerations of coated tubular columns were recently described by Burrows2 and Golay2. Later, with the advent of ionization detectors, the usefulness of such micro columns was extended3.
Influence of a Family‐Focused Substance Use Preventive Intervention on Growth in Adolescent Depressive Symptoms

Preparing for the Drug Free Years (PDFY) is a preventive intervention that targets parenting behaviors, family interaction patterns, and adolescent substance use, factors that have been shown to predict depression among teenagers. Effects of PDFY on trajectories of self-reported adolescent depressive symptoms from 6th through 12th grade were examined. Latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze data from 429 rural adolescents from schools assigned randomly to an intervention or a control condition. PDFY reduced the rate of increase in depressive symptoms during adolescence. Mediation of the intervention effect on depressive symptoms through reduced polysubstance use was tested; the indirect effect was only marginally significant. Findings have implications for understanding the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms and substance use, and for preventing these outcomes.
The space-time structure of oil and gas field growth in a complex depositional system

Shortly after the discovery of an oil and gas field, an initial estimate is usually made of the ultimate recovery of the field. With the passage of time, this initial estimate is almost always revised upward. The phenomenon of the growth of the expected ultimate recovery of a field, which is known as “field growth,” is important to resource assessment analysts for several reasons. First, field growth is the source of a large part of future additions to the inventory of proved reserves of crude oil and natural gas in most petroliferous areas of the world. Second, field growth introduces a large negative bias in the forecast of the future rates of discovery of oil and gas fields made by discovery process models. In this study, the growth in estimated ultimate recovery of oil and gas in fields made up of sandstone reservoirs formed in a complex depositional environment (Frio strand plain exploration play) is examined. The results presented here show how the growth of oil and gas fields is tied directly to the architectural element of the shoreline processes and tectonics that caused the deposition of the individual sand bodies hosting the producible hydrocarbon.
Treatment and recurrence management of staphylococcal infections: Community-acquired MRSA

The increasing prevalence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has resulted in a change in the paradigm for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections. The CA-MRSA strains are more likely to carry the genes for the Panton–Valentine leukocidin toxin and have increased susceptibility to non-β-lactam antibiotics. As a result, a wide range of therapies is available for treatment of CA-MRSA infections. Relapses occur frequently and the optimal approach to eliminate colonization is not clear. This article reviews the therapeutic options for patients with presumed and definite MRSA infections, as well as for the prevention of relapses.
Index and non-index stock price volatilities around the 1987 market crash

Abstract Stock market volatility is often attributed to short-term price pressure caused by futures-based trading strategies. Implicitly, volatility should be greater for stocks that comprise indexes and should have increased after the October 1987 crash when liquidity declined. This study compares the intraday price volatility of stocks included in the S&P 500 or Major Market Index with the price volatility of a control sample of non-index stocks on days evidencing extreme price or volume behavior surrounding October 1987. Empirical results indicate that the percentage volatility of index stock prices did not systematically differ from volatility of comparable non-index stocks and did not increase after the crash.
Perception and Animal Belief

My chief aim here is to achieve a clearer understanding of what it means to say that people perceive that something is the case. I shall assume that to gain such an understanding it will be sufficient to exhibit the logical form of such perception sentences in terms of predicates, quantifiers, and variables. I shall thus attempt to uncover the most important presuppositions housed in our saying that a person perceives that something is so, with a view to making these presuppositions explicit in the exhibition of logical form. To facilitate my discovery of these presuppositions I shall first try to clarify what it means to say that a non-human animal believes that something is so; for it will be my contention that sentences expressing animal belief share some of the main logical features of sentences expressing what one perceives to be the case.
Pathogenic Mechanism of the FIG4 Mutation Responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease CMT4J

CMT4J is a severe form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy caused by mutation of the phosphoinositide phosphatase FIG4/SAC3. Affected individuals are compound heterozygotes carrying the missense allele FIG4-I41T in combination with a null allele. Analysis using the yeast two-hybrid system demonstrated that the I41T mutation impairs interaction of FIG4 with the scaffold protein VAC14. The critical role of this interaction was confirmed by the demonstration of loss of FIG4 protein in VAC14 null mice. We developed a mouse model of CMT4J by expressing a Fig4-I41T cDNA transgene on the Fig4 null background. Expression of the mutant transcript at a level 5× higher than endogenous Fig4 completely rescued lethality, whereas 2× expression gave only partial rescue, providing a model of the human disease. The level of FIG4-I41T protein in transgenic tissues is only 2% of that predicted by the transcript level, as a consequence of the protein instability caused by impaired interaction of the mutant protein with VAC14. Analysis of patient fibroblasts demonstrated a comparably low level of mutant I41T protein. The abundance of FIG4-I41T protein in cultured cells is increased by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132. The data demonstrate that FIG4-I41T is a hypomorphic allele encoding a protein that is unstable in vivo. Expression of FIG4-I41T protein at 10% of normal level is sufficient for long-term survival, suggesting that patients with CMT4J could be treated by increased production or stabilization of the mutant protein. The transgenic model will be useful for testing in vivo interventions to increase the abundance of the mutant protein.
Can fungal epiphytes reduce disease symptoms caused by Phytophthora ramorum

Leaf infection of ornamental species by Phytophthora ramorum has a significant impact on the spread of this disease. Fungicides have had limited success at controlling this disease. With increasing concerns that repeated fungicide applications will exacerbate the potential for fungicide resistance and mask symptoms, alternative control measures are desired. The potential of biological control has not been thoroughly examined. Fungi, isolated from soil, were screened in dual culture with P. ramorum for antagonistic activity. Three isolates, identified as Penicillium daleae, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Penicillium herquei, were selected for further testing on the aerial plant parts of rhododendrons. Different factors, including culture age, application timing, dose response, and additives in the formulation were studied to determine their effects on the antagonists to reduce leaf necrosis. Although responses were variable for the different antagonists, this study showed that fungi applied to the leaf surface could reduce necrosis caused by P. ramorum. The method developed can be used for screening potential antagonists in planta.
The role of irradiated microstructure in the localized deformation of austenitic stainless steels

Abstract Localized deformation has emerged as a potential factor in irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels in LWR environments and the irradiated microstructure may be a critical factor in controlling the degree of localized deformation. Seven austenitic alloys with various compositions were irradiated using 2–3 MeV protons to doses of 1 and 5 dpa at 360 °C. The irradiated microstructure consisting of dislocation loops and voids was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. The degree of localized deformation was characterized using atomic force microscopy on the deformed samples after conducting constant extension rate tension tests to 1% and 3% strain in argon. Localized deformation was found to be dependent on the irradiated microstructure and to correlate with hardening originating from dislocation loops. Dislocation loops enhance the formation of dislocation channels and localize deformation into existing channels. On the contrast, voids mitigate the degree of localized deformation. The degree of localized deformation decreases with SFE with the exception of alloy B. Localized deformation was found to have similar dependence on SFE as loop density suggesting that SFE affects localized deformation by altering irradiated microstructure.
Seed‐Applied Insecticides Inconsistently Affect Corn Forage in Continuous Corn

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) is the major insect pest in the corn phase of a corn (Zea mays L.) silage-perennial forage rotation. Dairy producers may prefer seed-applied instead of soil-applied insecticides for rootworm control because of ease of use and additional control of some other soil insect pests. The objective of the 2-yr NY field study was to evaluate clothianidin [(E) 1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ymethyl)-3-methyl-2 nitroguanidine] and thiamethoxam (3-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-iminie) at the 1.25 mg a.i. kernel -1 rate for rootworm control, dry matter (DM) accumulation, DM yield, and silage quality. The control had moderately severe (1.40-node injury scale), whereas clothianidin (0.18) and thiamethoxam (0.39) had acceptable rootworm damage ratings. Clothianidin had greater DM accumulation at the 12th leaf stage (384 g m -2 ) compared with thiamethoxam and the control (324 g m -2 ), greater DM accumulation 3 wk after silking (1491 g m -2 ), and greater DM yield (18.5 Mg ha -1 ) compared with the control (1245 g m -2 and 17.0 Mg ha -1 ,respectively). Thiamethoxam had similar DM yield (17.4 Mg ha -1 ) but greater milk Mg (1559 kg Mg -1 ) compared with clothianidin (1475 kg Mg -1 ). Clothianidin had greater calculated milk yield (27,301 Mg ha -1 ) compared with the control (25,411 Mg ha -1 ) but similar to thiamethoxam (27,192 Mg ha -1 ). Clothianidin and thiamethoxam provided acceptable rootworm control in this study but more research is required to determine if these results are consistent across different environments in the Northeast United States.
Hydrogen Exchange in the Carbon Monoxide Complex of Soybean Leghemoglobin

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange rates for individual amide protons have been measured for the carbon monoxide complex of soybean leghemoglobin. Fast two-dimensional NOESY experiments were performed, with 5.2-min data-collection time for each spectrum, which made possible the measurement of NOE cross-peaks of relatively rapidly exchanging amide protons at early time points. Exchange rates were measured for 61 backbone amides, and protection factors were calculated to provide information on the packing and local stability of the protein. The data are consistent with the presence of transient cooperative local unfolding of helical segments. The B-, E-, G- and H-helices have extensive regions of slow-, medium- and fast-exchanging amide protons. For each of these helices, there is a progressive decrease in protection on moving from the helix center to the termini. This is consistent with a stable helix center, with dynamic fraying at the ends. Amide exchange from the A-helix and C-helix is rapid except in small local regions. The F-helix, which is located on the proximal side of the heme pocket and is well formed in solution as demonstrated by characteristic medium range NOE connectivities [Morikis, D., Lepre, C. A. & Wright, P. E. (1994) Eur. J. Biochem. 219, 611–626], exhibits fast exchange for all amide protons. The implied flexibility and low stability of the F-helix may be functionally important in facilitating movement of the helix upon ligand binding. Fast exchange has also been observed for all amide protons in the CE-loop and in turns, as expected for flexible or solvent exposed regions. A strong tertiary contact has been established between the A-, G- and H-helices by the presence of a slowly exchanging indole NeH of Trpl29.
An analog of myristic acid with selective toxicity for African trypanosomes

Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite responsible for African sleeping sickness, evades the host immune response through the process of antigenic variation. The variant antigen, known as the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG), is anchored to the cell surface by a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) structure that contains myristate (n-tetradecanoate) as its only fatty acid component. The utilization of heteroatom-containing analogs of myristate was studied both in a cell-free system and in vivo. Results indicated that the specificity of fatty acid incorporation depends on chain length rather than on hydrophobicity. One analog, 10-(propoxy)decanoic acid, was highly toxic to trypanosomes in culture although it is nontoxic to mammalian cells.
Toward the Lambertian Limit of Light Trapping in Thin Nanostructured Silicon Solar Cells

We examine light trapping in thin silicon nanostructures for solar cell applications. Using group theory, we design surface nanostructures with an absorptance exceeding the Lambertian limit over a broad band at normal incidence. Further, we demonstrate that the absorptance of nanorod arrays closely follows the Lambertian limit for isotropic incident radiation. These effects correspond to a reduction in silicon mass by 2 orders of magnitude, pointing to the promising future of thin crystalline silicon solar cells.
Nasal Salt Secretion in the Humboldt Penguin

THE much-discussed problem of whether marine birds drink sea-water has recently led to the unexpected discovery that the kidney is not always the major organ of salt excretion. It was found that in cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) much salt may be excreted extra-renally in the form of a highly concentrated solution of sodium chloride, discharged from the nasal (salt) glands1.
A fictitious domain/distributed Lagrange multiplier method for the particulate flow of Oldroyd-B fluids: A positive definiteness preserving approach

Abstract In this article we present a numerical method for simulating the sedimentation of circular particles in a two-dimensional channel filled with an Oldroyd-B fluid. We have combined a fictitious domain/distributed Lagrange multiplier method with a factorization approach from Lozinski and Owens [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 112 (2003) 161] via an operator splitting technique. The new scheme preserves the positive definiteness of the conformation tensor at the discrete level. The method is validated by performing a convergence study which shows that the results are independent of the mesh and time step sizes. Our results show that when the elasticity number (E) is less than a critical value (which depends upon the blockage ratio), two particles will sediment in the channel-like particles in Newtonian fluids; when the elasticity number is greater than the critical value, chains are formed for the case of two particles sedimenting in an Oldroyd-B fluid and the center line is aligned with the falling direction. These results agree with those presented in [P.Y. Huang, H.H. Hu, and D.D. Joseph, J. Fluid Mech. 362 (1998) 297]. For the cases of three and six particles, when the elasticity number is greater than a critical value and the viscoelastic Mach number is less than one, chains are also formed and move to the center of the channel.
Facing Time Limits and Kinship Placements

The study examines the relationship between temporary welfare time limits and foster care relative placement in Nevada. A logit model was specified with a binary dependent variable capturing placem...
Association of Xmv-10 and the non-agouti (a) mutation explained by close linkage instead of causality.

In a previous survey of endogenous proviruses among inbred mouse strains, the Xmv-10 provirus was found only in strains that carried the non-agouti (a) mutation (Frankel et al. J. Virol. 63: 1763–1774, 1989). To determine whether insertion of Xmv-10 caused the a mutation, we cloned a portion of Xmv-10 and its insertion site. Using a fragment of flanking cellular DNA as a Southern hybridization probe, we found that the Xmv-10 provirus was still present in revertant alleles of a to ator AW.A restriction fragment length variant (RFLV) in cellular DNA at the Xmv-10 insertion site was found to be correlated with the presence or absence of the provirus among inbred strains of laboratory mice regardless of their agouti allele. This correlation did not extend to wild mice, however, in which none of the samples contained Xmv-10, yet one, Mus domesticus poschiavinus, contained the insertion site RFLV correlated with Xmv-10 in laboratory mice. Analysis of an intersubspecific backcross with RFLVs at the insertion sites of Xmv-10 and Emv-15 (an endogenous provirus associated with Ay)revealed the following genetic map information: cen-A-0.31±0.31 cM-Emv-15-0.62±0.27 cM-Xmv-10-tel. Haplotype analysis of inbred strains in which a was not associated with Xmv-10 and in which Aywas not associated with Emv-15 demonstrated that these “exceptions” were explained most simply by a single recombination that disturbed the linkage relationships evident in most inbred strains. These results demonstrate that Xmv-10 did not cause the a mutation, suggest that insertion of Xmv-10 occurred recently in the evolution of laboratory mice, and show that the associations between agouti alleles and endogenous proviruses are due to linkage disequilibrium.
Is Adjunction Compositional

This paper shows that there is no compositional TAG for boolean expressions. This indicates that adjunction cannot carry the weight of constructing the semantics compositionally, in contrast to approaches based on discontinuity instead (like Linear Context Free Rewrite Systems). Although the proof is based on the assumption that the semantic functions are partial it seems highly unlikely that allowing partial semantic functions will help.
Asymmetry in two-point discrimination on the tongues of adults and children

Previous studies have shown that some adults have better discrimination for two-point perception on one side of the tongue than on the other. This has been referred to as asymmetry in lingual two-point discrimination. No data are available regarding lingual asymmetries in children. As perceptual differences frequently occur between children and adults, lingual two-point discrimination was measured in children and in adults. Whereas all children showed symmetrical patterns of lingual two-point discrimination, 8 of 15 adults showed asymmetrical patterns. Differences between adults and children appear to be related to the development of the central nervous system rather than to the change in peripheral sensory mechanisms.
An automatic system to detect and extract texts in medical images for de-identification

Recently, there is an increasing need to share medical images for research purpose. In order to respect and preserve patient privacy, most of the medical images are de-identified with protected health information (PHI) before research sharing. Since manual de-identification is time-consuming and tedious, so an automatic de-identification system is necessary and helpful for the doctors to remove text from medical images. A lot of papers have been written about algorithms of text detection and extraction, however, little has been applied to de-identification of medical images. Since the de-identification system is designed for end-users, it should be effective, accurate and fast. This paper proposes an automatic system to detect and extract text from medical images for de-identification purposes, while keeping the anatomic structures intact. First, considering the text have a remarkable contrast with the background, a region variance based algorithm is used to detect the text regions. In post processing, geometric constraints are applied to the detected text regions to eliminate over-segmentation, e.g., lines and anatomic structures. After that, a region based level set method is used to extract text from the detected text regions. A GUI for the prototype application of the text detection and extraction system is implemented, which shows that our method can detect most of the text in the images. Experimental results validate that our method can detect and extract text in medical images with a 99% recall rate. Future research of this system includes algorithm improvement, performance evaluation, and computation optimization.
SiGe T/R Modules for Ka-Band Phased Arrays

This paper presents a T/R (transmit/receive) module for Ka-band phased arrays using a 0.12 mum SiGe BiCMOS process. The T/R module consists of a low noise amplifier (LNA), power amplifier (PA), 4-bit phase shifter, and single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switches. The LNA and PA are implemented using SiGe HBTs, and the phase shifter and SPDT switches are based on CMOS switches. The LNA achieves 23.5 dB gain and 2.9 dB noise figure at 34 GHz. The 42% fractional-bandwidth PA has a small-signal gain of 13 dB and a saturated output power of 19.4 dBm with 11.2% PAE from 32 to 33 GHz. The RMS phase error of the 4-bit phase shifter is less than 7.5deg from 30-38 GHz. This paper presents the individual components of the BiCMOS T/R module, and the entire T/R module performance will be measured and presented at the conference.