cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subspeciation of NiS in sulfidic nickel by carbon paste electrode voltammetry.

Abstract A new procedure is described for the determination of NiS in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) by cathodic stripping voltammetry in pH 5 acetate. The method was developed with both synthetic NiS and millerite. A cathodic scan from +0.3 to −0.8 V with accumulation at +0.3 V for 60 s gave rise to a cathodic peak at ca. −0.5 V for NiS measurement. This cathodic peak was traced to the reduction of a sulfur-rich sulfide layer or sulfur, which could result from applying a positive potential to NiS. The current plot showed a linear range of 90–1180 μg and a detection limit of 20 μg NiS. The interference by Ni 3 S 2 was significant under these conditions, but was minimized by lowering the initial accumulation potential to 0.0 V. For validation, two series of known mixtures of NiS with either Ni 3 S 2 or NiS 2 were prepared in the following ratios: 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9. Recoveries of NiS from both series of mixtures were 93–109%, except for the 1:9 mixtures of NiS/Ni 3 S 2 or NiS/NiS 2 , where recoveries of NiS were 152.0 and 120.0%, respectively. This method was applied to three millerite samples with pretreatment of CPE at −0.8 V for 30 s, which showed 34.80, 64.50 and 43.74 wt.% of NiS for the three samples. They correlated with 35.20, 60.80 and 39.70 wt.% of NiS, respectively, obtained by total nickel analysis of the acid digests of the mineral.
Asymptomatic maternal shedding of herpes simplex virus at the onset of labor: relationship to preterm labor.

Objective To determine if fetal growth restriction and prematurity are observed with subclinical shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) at the onset of labor. Methods Within 48 hours of delivery, cultures were taken from the cervix and external genitalia of 15,923 asymptomatic pregnant women without symptoms or signs of genital HSV infection; results were positive for HSV in 57. Each of these 57 women were compared with a control group composed of the three culture-negative women delivering immediately before and the three delivering immediately after each woman shedding HSV. Results The median birth weight for infants born to the 57 women with asymptomatic shedding was 3050 g, compared with 3360 g among the 342 women without asymptomatic shedding, a statistically significant difference (P Conclusions Asymptomatic genital shedding of HSV at the onset of labor because of subclinical primary genital HSV infection is associated with preterm delivery. Women who acquire genital HSV-2 before pregnancy and are shedding subclinically at the onset of labor experience no increase in adverse outcome. Thus, prevention of the prematurity and LBW associated with genital herpes means that acquisition of the infection in late pregnancy must be prevented.
Mediastinal wound infections following pediatric cardiac surgery

Deep sternal wound infections in children and neonates occur at approximately the same incidence as in adults. The organisms responsible are generally Staphylococcal species. The risk factors in adults include diabetes mellitus, the use of internal mammary artery grafts for bypass conduits, and other factors which clearly relate to age and the nature of the operations performed. In children the risk factors include leaving the sternum open following repair, nasal colonization with Staphylococcal species, need for re-exploration for bleeding, and others. Although conventional therapy for this complication is similar to what is proposed for adults, recently interest has been established in treating with debridement and primary closure of the sternum.
A USER DESIGNED SOFTWARE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRON MICROPROBES - BASIC PREMISES AND THE CONTROL PROGRAM+

A systems approach to the automation of electron microprobes is presented. The use of generalized data collection and analysis routines has been encouraged by integrating their calls as system commands. The software has been designed around the most fully automated Cameca and JEOL microprobes now available and includes full spectrometer, stage, and beam control.
The roles of food and direct uptake from water in the accumulation of zinc and iron in the tissues of the dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus (L.)

Abstract A description of zinc and iron accumulation in the tissues of Nucella lapillus (L.) has been obtained with the aid of 65Zn and 59Fe labelled sea water and Balanus balanoides (L.). For both zinc and iron, the food chain is the major source of metal in the tissues, the input from food being approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that from sea water. Neither metal is accumulated up the food chain. The fractions of zinc and iron assimilated from the food are similar, as are their rates of excretion from the tissues of N. lapillus: the relative concentrations of zinc and iron reflect their relative concentrations in the food. The results are discussed with reference to zinc and iron accumulation by the herbivorous winkle, Littorina littoralis (L.).
Vectorcardiographic comparison of left ventricular hypertrophy in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, aortic stenosis, and aortic regurgitation.

Abstract Frank vectorcardiograms in 21 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and asymmetric septal hypertrophy (IHSS), 25 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS), and 20 patients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) were analyzed. Patients with mixed valvular lesions, pulmonary hypertension, coronary artery disease, or QRS width ≥ 0.12 sec. were excluded. The QRS loops were analyzed at 10 msec. intervals (0.01 to 0.07 sec.), and mean spatial vectors were derived. Spatial magnitude, azimuth, and elevation were measured. The magnitudes of the 0.01 and 0.02 sec. vectors were significantly larger in AR than in AS (p
The impact of rational participation models on voting attitudes

Rational models generally predict that only a few people should vote in most elections. A major reason why turnout is so high today is because of the numerous positive messages which citizens are routinely given about the value of their vote. A month after discussion of a model of rational participation, individuals were found to be more negative toward the institution of elections. A major reason for voting continued to be the feeling of duty to participate; subjects who felt no moral obligation would not go to the polls even if they were very interested in an election.
Delay-efficient geodynamic group-based authentication in VANETs

Secure and timely delivery of messages for safety applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is crucial to prevent fatal accidents. However, security and delay are two competing metrics since security brings additional processing overhead, increasing the packet delays. While symmetric-key based security techniques can be more efficient as opposed to public-key cryptography (PKC) in terms of delay, they introduce significant key maintenance overheads with the increased number of vehicles in VANETs. To alleviate this overhead and take the advantage of faster processing, we exploit the natural group behavior in VANET applications. We propose a delay efficient authentication scheme for VANETs which is based on group communication. Groups are created and maintained geo-dynamically led by leader vehicles. Since the data communication within the groups will be dominating the overall packet traffic, we utilize symmetric-key techniques within each group which is handled by the group leader. Group creations on the other hand are less frequent events and thus done by PKC. We analyzed the security and efficiency properties of our proposed scheme to show its spueriority with respect to other existing techniques.
The Termenova: a hybrid free-gesture interface

We have created a new electronic musical instrument, referred to as the Termenova (Russian for "daughter of Theremin") that combines a free-gesture capacitive-sensing device with an optical sensing system that detects the reflection of a hand when it intersects a beam of an array of red lasers. The laser beams, which are made visible by a thin layer of theatrical mist, provide visual feedback and guidance to the performer to alleviate the difficulties of using a non-contact interface as well as adding an interesting component for the audience to observe. The system uses capacitive sensing to detect the proximity of the player's hands; this distance is mapped to pitch, volume, or other continuous effect. The laser guide positions are calibrated before play with position-controlled servo motors interfaced to a main controller board; the location of each beam corresponds to the position where the performer should move his or her hand to achieve a pre-specified pitch and/or effect. The optical system senses the distance of the player's hands from the source of each laser beam, providing an additional dimension of musical control.
Outcome of preoperative weight loss in colorectal surgery.

Abstract Background There are limited data regarding the outcomes of patients with preoperative weight loss. We sought to identify complications associated with preoperative weight loss in colorectal surgery. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to examine the clinical data of patients undergoing colorectal resection from 2005 to 2012 who had unintentional preoperative weight loss (more than 10% in 6 months of surgery). Multivariate analysis was performed to quantify the association of weight loss with postoperative complications. Results We sampled a total of 79,696 patients who were admitted nonemergently for colorectal resection. The rate of preoperative unintentional weight loss was 3%. There were associations between preoperative weight loss with preoperative hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin level P P P = .03) and ventilator dependency (AOR 1.54, P = .03) had strong associations with weight loss. Conclusions A history of unintentional weight loss can be used to predict mortality and morbidity rates and as a marker for nutritional assessment in colorectal surgery. Cardiopulmonary complications have significant association with preoperative weight loss.
A cat's eye multiple quantum-well modulating retro-reflector

A new kind of modulating retro-reflector using cat's eye optics and a multiple quantum-well electro-absorption modulator array is described. The device exhibits retro-reflection over a 30/spl deg/ field of view and can support data rates of up to 50 Mb/s using 1-mm pixels. The use of the device in free-space optical communication is discussed.
Guaifenesin Has No Effect on Sputum Volume or Sputum Properties in Adolescents and Adults With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Guaifenesin (glyceryl guaiacolate ether [GGE]) has been studied as a cough suppressant and as an expectorant; however, published studies to date have failed to find a consistent benefit. METHODS: An 8-day multi-center clinical trial was conducted to study the effect of two 600-mg extended-release GGE tablets twice daily for 1 week on cold symptoms, sputum volume, and properties in adolescents and adults with productive cough from an acute respiratory tract infection (RTI). The study enrolled 378 subjects (GGE, n = 188; and placebo, n = 190) who were otherwise healthy and had an RTI for up to 5 days before enrollment. Subjects suffered from at least 2 of 3 symptoms of cough, thickened mucus, and chest congestion. A total of 151 GGE and 144 control subjects completed the full protocol. Single-sputum samples were collected from each subject on days 1, 3, 4, and 8 of the study. The rheology and interfacial tension of sputum were measured, and 24-h collected samples from days 1 and 4 were analyzed for total volume and hydration. RESULTS: Symptoms in both the GGE and placebo groups improved to a similar degree over time. There were no significant differences between the GGE and placebo groups for sputum volume (P = .41), percent solids (P = .69), interfacial tension (P = .88), elasticity (P = .71), viscosity (P = .45), or mechanical impedance (P = .75). CONCLUSIONS: The recommended dose of GGE had no measurable effect on sputum volume or properties and is unlikely to be an expectorant or mucolytic when used to treat acute RTI. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01046136.)
Improved SelfSim for Inverse Extraction of Nonuniform, Nonlinear, and Inelastic Material Behavior under Cyclic Loadings

AbstractIn this paper, an improved self-learning simulation (SelfSim) method is proposed for the inverse extraction of nonuniform, inelastic, and nonlinear material behavior under cyclic loadings. The SelfSim has been used to inversely extract local inelastic and nonlinear behavior of materials using limited global boundary responses. However, the SelfSim with conventional artificial neural network (ANN) models needs ad hoc data processing that frequently interrupts SelfSim training even in training monotonic constitutive behavior. To overcome this problem, an improved SelfSim with a new ANN-based hysteretic model is proposed. In addition, the ANN material model is implemented with considerations of large volume changes and geometric nonlinearity. The new SelfSim shows superior performances in the inverse modeling of complex material behavior under “multiaxial” and “cyclic” stress states. Two simulated numerical tests using a laminated rubber bearing with reinforcing steel shims are used to demonstrate th...
Kravchuk Polynomials and Induced/Reduced Operators on Clifford Algebras

Kravchuk polynomials arise as orthogonal polynomials with respect to the binomial distribution and have numerous applications in harmonic analysis, statistics, coding theory, and quantum probability. The relationship between Kravchuk polynomials and Clifford algebras is multifaceted. In this paper, Kravchuk polynomials are discovered as traces of conjugation operators in Clifford algebras, and appear in Clifford Berezin integrals of Clifford polynomials. Regarding Kravchuk matrices as linear operators on a vector space $$V$$ , the action induced on the Clifford algebra over $$V$$ is equivalent to blade conjugation, i.e., reflections across sets of orthogonal hyperplanes. Such operators also have a natural interpretation in terms of raising and lowering operators on the algebra. On the other hand, beginning with particular linear operators on the Clifford algebra $$\mathcal {C}\ell _Q(V)$$ , one obtains Kravchuk matrices as operators on the paravector space $$V_*$$ through a process of operator grade-reduction. Symmetric Kravchuk matrices are recovered as representations of grade-reductions of maps induced by negative-definite quadratic forms on $$V$$ .
Weed community and corn yield variability in diverse management systems

Abstract The effects of crop rotation and management system on annual variability in weed communities and crop yields were assessed in a 4-yr study in Michigan. Variability of the weed community and corn yields were assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and a multivariate dissimilarity index (Bray-Curtis) that accounted for changes in both weed species abundance and composition. The treatments included two rotations: continuous corn and a corn–corn–soybean–wheat rotation, and two management systems: conventional (CONV) and organic-based (ORG). Weed biomass was significantly higher in the ORG system; however, there was no effect of crop rotation on weed biomass or number of weed species in a treatment (species richness). Annual variability in weed community composition and structure was affected by both crop rotation and management system and was highest in the ORG rotation. In contrast to the weed community, variability in corn yield was highest in the least-diverse cropping system (CONV monocu...
Caught in the food web: complexity made simple?

Several historically separate lines of food-web research are merging into a unified approach. Connections between microbial and metazoan food webs are significant. Interactions of control by predators, defenses against predation, and availability of organic and inorganic nutrition, not any one of these, shape food webs. The same principles of population ecology apply to metazoans and microorganisms, but microorganisms dominate the flux of energy in both marine and terrestrial systems. Microbial biomass often is a major fraction of total biomass, and very small organisms have a very large ratio of production and respiration to biomass. Assimilation efficiency of bacteria in natural systems is often not as high as in experimental systems, so more primary production is lost to microbial respiration than had been thought. Simulation has been a highly useful adjunct to experiments in both population theory and in studies of biogeochemical mass balance, but it does not fully encompass the complexity of real systems. A major challenge for the future is to find better ways to deal with the real complexity of food webs, both in modeling and in empirical observations, and to do a better job of bringing together conceptually the dynamics of population processes and biogeochemistry.
Evolution of Tsunami-Induced Internal Acoustic-Gravity Waves

AbstractThe authors present an idealized theoretical and numerical study of tsunami-induced internal waves in the atmosphere. These are gravity waves modified by acoustic effects that can propagate rapidly from the ocean surface up to the ionosphere, where they are well known to leave a detectable fingerprint in airglow patterns and other remote sensing observables. Accurate modeling of the wave propagation is a prerequisite for being able to detect and decode this transient observational fingerprint by remote sensing methods. The authors study this problem by formulating the initial-value problem for linear waves forced by an idealized tsunami at the lower boundary and then employing a semianalytic Fourier–Laplace method to solve it. This approach allows them to compute the detailed time evolution of the waves while ensuring that the correct radiation condition in the vertical is satisfied at all times, a nontrivial matter for these transient waves.The authors also compare the predictions of an anelastic...
Case 10: Changing a Nasotracheal Tube for an Oral Tube in the Intensive Care Unit

A 10-year-old boy, otherwise healthy, is admitted to the trauma center after a motor vehicle accident. He has suffered a fracture of the second cervical vertebrae without neurologic deficit. The fracture is managed with the application of a halo-fixator, and he is observed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Twenty-four hours later, he develops respiratory distress and pulmonary congestion. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals moderate aortic valve regurgitation, probably as a result of the blunt chest trauma. A decision is made to treat the pulmonary edema with tracheal intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilator. The halo-fixator makes direct laryngoscopy impossible. A nasal endotracheal intubation is undertaken using the fiber-optic bronchoscope, without incident.
Fracture Property Improvements of a Nanoporous Thin Film via Post Deposition UV Curing

As silicon-based microelectronic devices continue to aggressively scale down in size, traditional BEOL dielectric materials have become obsolete due to their relatively high dielectric constant. Organosilicate glass (OSG) materials have emerged as the predominant choice for intermetal dielectrics in advancing technology nodes. A potential failure mechanism for this class of low-k dielectric films during the manufacturing process is catastrophic fracture due to channel cracking. To improve the mechanical strength and stability of these silicon-based materials, the use of post-deposition curing processes is under evaluation. In this work, the effects of UV curing on the properties of OSG films were characterized. After UV curing, film hardness and elastic modulus are improved, with no change in the residual film stress. The average film density increases linearly as a function of UV exposure time. Channel crack propagation velocities decrease with UV exposure. The improvements in the mechanical properties of OSG films are believed to correlate with the increasing Si-O-Si bond population. Comparisons between post-deposition UV and Electron Beam curing processes are provided.
Multiple-vibrational-mode model for fiber-optic Raman gain spectrum and response function

We describe a model for the stimulated Raman gain spectrum and the Raman response function in silica fiber using multiple vibrational modes. We base the model on previous spectroscopic data [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B1, 652 (1984) and J. Opt. Soc. Am. B6, 1159 (1989)] and extend an earlier proposed model [Appl. Opt.21, 359 (1982)] by making use of an inhomogeneous distribution of damped oscillators. The model provides a simple analytical expression for the Raman response function and an expression for the Raman gain spectrum that is easy to evaluate numerically.
Salicylate-urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with high metabolic and chemical stabilities.

We investigated N-adamantyl-N′-phenyl urea derivatives as simple sEH inhibitors. Salicylate ester derivatives have high inhibitory activities against human sEH, while the free benzoic acids are less active. The methyl salicylate derivative is a potent sEH inhibitor, which also has high metabolic and chemical stabilities; suggesting that such inhibitors are potential lead molecule for bioactive compounds acting in vivo.
Evaluation of chemical dot thermometers for measuring body temperature of orally intubated patients.

• BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that oral measurement of body temperature is a reliable option in orally intubated patients. In situations such as protective isolation, where dedicated electronic thermometers are not available, are single-use chemical dot thermometers an acceptable alternative? • OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of single-use chemical dot thermometers in orally intubated adult patients. • METHODS Subjects included a convenience sample of 85 adult patients admitted to 1 of 2 intensive care units (surgical trauma and neuroscience). For each patient, oral temperatures were measured concurrently (within 5 minutes) with a chemical dot thermometer and an electronic thermometer. The sequence of temperature measurements was alternated with each subsequent patient. Both thermometers were placed in the same posterior sublingual pocket opposite the side of the endotracheal tube. • RESULTS Measurements obtained with electronic and single-use chemical dot thermometers correlated strongly (r = 0.937). With the chemical dot thermometer, body temperature was overestimated in 11.8% of the measurements and underestimated in 10.8% of the measurements by 0.4°C or more. The difference between oral temperatures measured with the 2 different thermometers was not related to the patient’s age, sex, or sublingual pocket location or to the order of thermometer use. • CONCLUSION The chemical dot thermometer is useful and reliable for measuring body temperature of orally intubated patients. When measurements of body temperature have important consequences for decisions about treatment, clinicians should use an electronic thermometer to confirm measurements made with a chemical dot thermometer. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2003:12:403-408)
An on-chip magnetic bead separator using spiral electromagnets with semi-encapsulated permalloy.

A new planar bio-magnetic bead separator on a glass chip has been designed, fabricated and tested. The separator is composed of micromachined semi-encapsulated spiral electromagnets and fluid channels, which have been separately fabricated and then bonded. The device was tested with super-paramagnetic beads of mean diameter 1 μm which were suspended in a buffered solution. When a DC current of 300 mA was applied to the inductor, the bio-magnetic beads were successfully separated on the electromagnets, showing a functional capability as a magnetic bead separator. To evaluate separation rate and capability, the inductance measurement method has been introduced and the inductance variation according to the separation rate has been characterized. Using this separator, cells or cell fragments and magnetic beads bonded with protein or enzyme suspended in bio-buffer solutions can be successfully separated from their suspensions, envisaging a filterless bio-separator.
Matrix Completion from Power-Law Distributed Samples

The low-rank matrix completion problem is a fundamental problem with many important applications. Recently, [4],[13] and [5] obtained the first non-trivial theoretical results for the problem assuming that the observed entries are sampled uniformly at random. Unfortunately, most real-world datasets do not satisfy this assumption, but instead exhibit power-law distributed samples. In this paper, we propose a graph theoretic approach to matrix completion that solves the problem for more realistic sampling models. Our method is simpler to analyze than previous methods with the analysis reducing to computing the threshold for complete cascades in random graphs, a problem of independent interest. By analyzing the graph theoretic problem, we show that our method achieves exact recovery when the observed entries are sampled from the Chung-Lu-Vu model, which can generate power-law distributed graphs. We also hypothesize that our algorithm solves the matrix completion problem from an optimal number of entries for the popular preferential attachment model and provide strong empirical evidence for the claim. Furthermore, our method is easy to implement and is substantially faster than existing methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on random instances where the low-rank matrix is sampled according to the prevalent random graph models for complex networks and present promising preliminary results on the Netflix challenge dataset.
Atomistic-scale simulations of the chemomechanical behavior of graphene under nanoprojectile impact

Abstract Despite its importance, the mechanical behavior of graphene under the impact of projectiles has rarely been studied due to experimental and computational difficulties. Here, we simulated the impact of silica and nickel projectiles with a supersonic initial velocity on graphene. Then we analyzed the impact by using ReaxFF reactive force field method, which is capable of describing the entire system. During the process of projectile penetration, we identified various atomistic features, such as the formation of pentagon/heptagon pairs at the edges of the cracks, and the preferential crack edges that are affected by the deformability of graphene before crack initiation. Effects of defects in graphene and the material type of the projectile on specific penetration energy (Ep*) also were addressed. The values of Ep* obtained in our simulations were in general agreement with the recent experimental values reported by Lee et al. [Science 2014, 346, (6213), 1092–1096]. Our simulation results showed that Ep* was correlated with the diameter of maximum deformation of graphene before crack initiation, demonstrating the superior Ep* of graphene as a result of its high ultimate stress and strain.
E-Government for Uniform Crime Reporting Data: How to Make It More Accessible

Existing true "raw data" for Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Hate Crime Data is available in ASCII, with each year as a separate file, or on the FBI website, where the abridged summary information omits most of the additional demographic information obtained from the switch to a National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The attached NIBRS information is critical, because it provides additional data for social science researchers, citizens, and law enforcement to most accurately assess at-risk groups and areas and determine the causes of hate crime offenses. The fully-detailed ASCII format data has been reformatted and recoded into a single unified Microsoft Excel database. The process to do so is described step-by-step.
Prolonged Catecholamine-Dependent Cardioaccelerator Action of Bretylium

SummaryIntravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of bretylium produced a sustained elevation of the heart rate in ganglioplegic dogs and in vagotomized spinal dogs and did not have this effect in reserpinized ganglioplegic dogs. At any time after bretylium injection the elevated heart rate could be reduced to the control level by injection of the beta adrenergic receptor-blocking agent, propranolol. The urinary norepinephrine output increased strikingly immediately after bretylium injection and then decreased to control levels, whereas the epinephrine output in the urine was not increased. On the basis of these results the tachycardia throughout the experiments could be attributed largely or entirely to the action of norepinephrine despite the inactivation of the cardioaccelerator pathway.
When women aren't enough

If writing about women was once an innovation, it is now an imperative. Very rare only two short decades ago, feminist scholarship today pervades the disciplines of art, history, law, literature, and religion. This volume, as probably every reader will have observed, is another sign that feminist studies, if not the norm, are now so regular an exception to it that they have redefined the norm. This volume is a sign of something else, which is that feminism has made a place for men. I was invited to participate because my recent work argues for theoretical self-examination and revision in the disciplines of medieval studies. A traditionalist eager to see tradition challenged and revitalized, I believe that scholarship ought to represent a joining of our public and private selves. This is a kind of self-awareness on which feminist scholars insist, but that view does not make me a feminist. When I chose the title for this essay, I did not know that I was to be the volume's only male contributor. As the token man, with no desire to speak for all men (many of whom would not choose me for the role in any case), I fear that I speak for them nevertheless. If women aren't enough, for this volume or for feminist criticism, one essay by one man isn't enough to explain why.' Feminist criticism has put traditionalists, men and women alike, on the defensive. Traditionalists should be on the defensive: that's what being a traditionalist means. But being a traditionalist often means being anxious about (rather than anxious for) innovation, especially an innovation like gender theory, which is likely to last. Traditionalists who put gender theory to use will find that they put some feminists on the defensive. As defenders of innovations and improvements in women's status, feminists should be on the defensive too. And, increasingly, they are. Recently a number of feminists have become anxious about what Elaine Showalter calls "the rise of gender."2 Gender is a tool for reconceptualizing male as well as female roles, reconfiguring the power struggles between the sexes, and merging sexual distinctions founded on reproductive difference. Gender studies, where those reconceptualizations are carried out, examine how males and females choose to think and act in reference to the conventions expected of the men and women of their ages. In this essay I hope to show how gender serves both traditional and innovative scholarship; by analyzing some examples of the "manly man" and the "manly woman," I want to balance new gender
Rational solution growth of α-FeOOH nanowires driven by screw dislocations and their conversion to α-Fe2O3 nanowires.

We report the rational synthesis of α-FeOOH (goethite) nanowires following a dislocation-driven mechanism by utilizing a continuous-flow reactor and chemical equilibria to maintain constant low supersaturations. The existence of axial screw dislocations and the associated Eshelby twist in the nanowire product were confirmed using bright-/dark-field transmission electron microscopy imaging and twist contour analysis. The α-FeOOH nanowires can be readily converted into semiconducting single-crystal but porous α-Fe2O3 (hematite) nanowires via topotactic transformation. Our results indicate that, with proper experimental design, many more useful materials can be grown in one-dimensional morphologies in aqueous solutions via the dislocation-driven mechanism.
Integrating Acupuncture Within a Wellness Intervention for Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: This pilot study explored change over time in symptom management, health promotion, and quality of life following exposure to a holistic intervention combining group acupuncture with group sessions about health promotion for women with multiple sclerosis. Design: This was a pre/post nonexperimental design. Method: Fourteen women (average age 54 years) attended eight classes designed to help participants build the skills necessary to improve their health and consequently their overall quality of life. Acupuncture was provided in a group setting either immediately before or after each class. Findings: Self-reported fatigue, stress, pain, depression, anxiety, and sleep interference decreased significantly, and overall health-promoting behaviors, self-efficacy for health promotion, social functioning, and quality of life increased significantly. In addition, focus groups held with the participants indicated that they responded positively to the combination of acupuncture with an efficacy-building hea...
Post-modern Transformation of the Western Philosophy's Theme and Its Echo of Our Age

In the history of the western philosophy,the new theme of the western philosophy arose one after another accompanying with mental outlook of the age from ancient Greece to 20th century.And each transformation of the theme of the western philosophy manifests clearly the state of mind of the era then.Post-modern philosophy embodies that modern western philosophy changes its direction from the theory of the unique importance of science of seeking truth,authority and absolute to the humane spirit of seeking comprehension,common understanding and leniency.The essence of the direction change is against the tendency that traditional philosophy forgot meaning of existence and real life.It tries hard to make philosophy return again to paying close attention to real life and return again to seeking human wisdom.The direction change not only manifests clearly again the theme of our age,but also exerts a great echo.
How to Effectively Use Language Laboratory to Carry on Foreign Language Listening Class Training

With the increasing popularization and application of modern educational approaches,the utilization of multimedia techniques in foreign language classes,especially in listening and speaking class coupled with sound labs,is favorable for the effective development of the foreign language teaching.This paper tries,from three perspectives,to discuss how listening class teachers should make a full use of language laboratory,an advanced teaching facility,better carry out listening instruction activity,enhance the students' ability in foreign language listening,and cultivate their ability to comprehensively use a foreign language in practice.
Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic responses to portal vein endotoxin after resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock

Background Hemorrhagic shock and sepsis are usually studied separately or in rodents. This study combined the two insults in a large animal model. Methods Anesthetized pigs were bled, held in shock for 1 hour, and then resuscitated with fluid. After 3 days, Escherichia coli endotoxin LPS was infused into the portal vein (150 micrograms/kg x 30 min) to mimic the effect of enteric substances breaching the mucosal barrier. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics, circulating leukocytes, and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured in five groups: 40% hemorrhage plus fluid only resuscitation, 40% hemorrhage plus fluid-blood resuscitation, 50% hemorrhage plus fluid-blood resuscitation, sham, or sham plus 5 micrograms/kg LPS priming dose instead of hemorrhage. Results On day 4 before infusion of LPS, there were no differences between groups in hemodynamics or O2 utilization, but systemic O2 delivery and O2 consumption were each reduced in the hemorrhaged groups because of the hemodilution associated with resuscitation. For 3 hours after infusion of LPS, all animals received aggressive fluid and respiratory support, but arterial blood pressure decreased, and systemic O2 utilization, splanchnic O2 utilization, and arterial lactate level increased; there were no differences between groups. In the 50% group compared with sham, LPS-evoked decreases in cardiac index and stroke index were eliminated, and LPS-evoked tachycardia, pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction, and increases in hepatic and portal vein lactate levels were blunted. Despite similar leukocyte counts before infusion of LPS and similar leukopenia after LPS infusion, plasma LPS level was higher in the 50% group compared with sham. Furthermore, LPS evoked increases in portal and hepatic vein plasma TNF in the shams, but those changes were reduced in the 50% group. Conclusions Most responses to LPS were similar after hemorrhagic shock or a sham operation, which is inconsistent with the concept of "priming." LPS-evoked increases in plasma TNF were blunted after shock, probably because of trauma-induced immune dysfunction. A combined shock plus septic challenge in a large animal model may be valuable for investigating the pathogenic mechanism in human beings.
Anesthesia for Complicated Vaginal Deliveries

Summary Abnormal presentations complicate approximately 4% of all deliveries. The majority of these infants are in the breech presentation. Recent data suggest that vaginal delivery of the breech infant may be as safe as cesarean section. Epidural analgesia is preferred for vaginal delivery of the breech presentation. Sacral block may prevent premature maternal pushing and thus decrease the likelihood of cervical head entrapment. During delivery the obstetrician attempts to minimize trauma to the fetal head and neck. On occasion, general anesthesia is necessary to relieve cervical entrapment. The anesthesiologist should be prepared to administer general anesthesia to every patient with a breech presentation. Multiple gestation complicates approximately 1 to 2% of all pregnancies. The physiologic changes of pregnancy are exaggerated with multiple gestation. For twin gestations, the presentation of the fetuses may influence the mode of delivery. Epidural analgesia is preferred for vaginal delivery. If a spontaneous delivery is planned, the motor block should be minimized. If internal podalic version and extraction of twin B is planned, epidural anesthesia alone may be sufficient. But, on occasion, general anesthesia is required for delivery of the second twin. Specifically, administration of a potent halogenated agent will relax the uterus and facilitate delivery of the second twin. For gestations of greater than two, delivery is generally performed via cesarean section. Either regional or general anesthesia is acceptable depending on the condition of the mother. Shoulder dystocia occurs in up to 2% of vaginal deliveries. The dystocia is often relieved by changing the rotation of the maternal pelvis or changing the fetal position. Rarely, general anesthesia and skeletal muscle relaxation may be necessary. Following delivery the infant tends to be depressed and may require resuscitation. Rarely, the fetus cannot be delivered vaginally, is returned to the uterus, and delivered by cesarean section. Retained placenta occurs in 1% of deliveries. Often there is significant blood loss with a retained placenta. Patients may require anesthesia for uterine exploration and removal of a retained placenta. General anesthesia with a potent halogenated agent provides cervical and uterine relaxation, which facilitates exploration. These patients must be considered to have a full stomach, and precautions must be taken to prevent against regurgitation and aspiration.
Leaders of the Mexican American Generation: Biographical Essays. Edited by Anthony Quiroz

Leaders of the Mexican American Generation: Biographical Essays . Edited by Anthony Quiroz. Foreword by Arnoldo De Leon. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2015. xvii + 362 pp. Illustrations, notes, index. $34.95.) Drawing together an impressive cadre of scholars exploring the interplay between individuals’ personal biographies and the larger currents of U.S. society, the contributors to the anthology Leaders of the Mexican American Generation offer new insight into the multidimensional histories of a range of actors influential on the national stage between 1920 and 1960. Attention to notable individuals, major political currents of the time, and biographical method make the book of value to both a general audience and students of Mexican American history. Persuasively arguing for the value of rigorously researched and …
A Case for Personal Virtual Networks

Our mobile devices regularly encounter and connect to multiple networks to maintain seamless connectivity. While this enables a variety of services we increasingly rely on, these ubiquitous network connections raise a number of important concerns. Our devices regularly send traffic over networks they do not fully trust and that are not under user control, which leads to security vulnerabilities, policies that impact performance and service availability, and privacy violations.We propose a new networking abstraction called Personal Virtual Networks, or PVNs, to address these issues. The key idea is to allow a device connecting to a foreign network to establish a virtual network under the device's full control, thus providing the illusion of a personal home network wherever the device roams. Devices can establish trusted network configurations, define policies for network traffic, and even deploy limited code that interposes on their traffic using a software middlebox environment. By making in-network resources available to devices via a secure and flexible interface, PVNs can enable more secure, private, and performant network experiences for users while potentially generating a new revenue stream for access networks that support them.
Effects of Peer Tutoring on Academic Achievement and Affective Adjustment

(1980). Effects of Peer Tutoring on Academic Achievement and Affective Adjustment. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 13, Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the WCRA. The 1980's: New Sources of Energy for Learning, pp. 42-45.
The Ruptured Abdominal Aorta: Diagnostics

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (RAAA) as well as acute conditions that may result in aortic rupture, including aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Today, the most commonly used diagnostic tools for ruptured AAA include computed tomography (CT) and focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST). CT scans tailored to evaluate the aorta should include a precontrast scan and a high-quality CT angiogram to evaluate the aortic lumen and to permit multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) to potentially provide measurements for endoluminal therapy. Radiologists and clinicians evaluating these scans need to understand the findings of aortic rupture and related conditions, including the high-attenuation crescent, tangential calcium, and draped aorta signs. FAST is tailored to evaluate free fluid (usually blood) in the peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural space; its critical relevance here is identifying peritoneal blood in RAAA patient, at bedside in the emergency room (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians. J Ultrasound Med 33(11):2047–2056, 2014).
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions following Dermabond adhesive utilization in knee surgery: A Report of Three Cases

ABSTRACT​We retrospectively reviewed the records of 3 patients (3 knees) with a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction following Dermabond exposure after an orthopaedic knee procedure. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by CD4+ helper T cells. The use of skin adhesives in place of traditional sutures is increasing in popularity given Dermabond’s potential benefits of decreased wound infection rate and better wound approximation. However, hypersensitivity reactions to the cyanoacrylate material in Dermabond have been described. Differentiating hypersensitivity reactions from post-operative infections is important as septic arthritis is a potentially devastating complication. This case series presents the challenge of properly diagnosing and managing hypersensitivity reactions. Consultation with allergists and dermatologists may be appropriate for ascertaining the nature of the surgical site complication and proper management. The recommended management of hypersensitivity-type reactions is a c...
Highly-accelerated self-gated free-breathing 3D cardiac cine MRI: validation in assessment of left ventricular function

This work presents a highly-accelerated, self-gated, free-breathing 3D cardiac cine MRI method for cardiac function assessment. A golden-ratio profile based variable-density, pseudo-random, Cartesian undersampling scheme was implemented for continuous 3D data acquisition. Respiratory self-gating was achieved by deriving motion signal from the acquired MRI data. A multi-coil compressed sensing technique was employed to reconstruct 4D images (3D+time). 3D cardiac cine imaging with self-gating was compared to bellows gating and the clinical standard breath-held 2D cine imaging for evaluation of self-gating accuracy, image quality, and cardiac function in eight volunteers. Reproducibility of 3D imaging was assessed. Self-gated 3D imaging provided an image quality score of 3.4 ± 0.7 vs 4.0 ± 0 with the 2D method (p = 0.06). It determined left ventricular end-systolic volume as 42.4 ± 11.5 mL, end-diastolic volume as 111.1 ± 24.7 mL, and ejection fraction as 62.0 ± 3.1%, which were comparable to the 2D method, with bias ± 1.96 × SD of −0.8 ± 7.5 mL (p = 0.90), 2.6 ± 3.3 mL (p = 0.84) and 1.4 ± 6.4% (p = 0.45), respectively. The proposed 3D cardiac cine imaging method enables reliable respiratory self-gating performance with good reproducibility, and provides comparable image quality and functional measurements to 2D imaging, suggesting that self-gated, free-breathing 3D cardiac cine MRI framework is promising for improved patient comfort and cardiac MRI scan efficiency.
Influence of ethanol on human T-lymphocyte migration

Because ethanol consumption is associated with increased susceptibility to infection, an examination was made of the effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on human T-lymphocyte migration, an important functional component of cellular inflammatory responses. With a modified Boyden chamber system, ethanol at 0.25% and 0.50% (vol/vol) inhibited spontaneous motility of human T-lymphocytes, in a noncytotoxic manner, to 65% +/- 7% (mean +/- SEM) and 62% +/- 7% of control values of migration, respectively. When T-lymphocyte migration was stimulated by colchicine (10/sup -5/ mol/L), incubation with ethanol (0.25% and 0.50%, vol/vol) decreased migration to 80% +/- 4% and 66% +/- 8% of control values, respectively. Similar degrees of inhibition of migration were obtained with acetaldehyde at concentrations five to 10 times less than ethanol. Ethanol was similarly capable of inhibiting T cell migration induced by dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate, but it had no effect on stimulated migration induced by a human chemokinetic lymphokine. The study demonstrates that ethanol, at concentrations achievable in vivo, is capable of depressing T-lymphocyte migration. This effect might contribute to the immunosuppression associated with ethanol consumption. 36 references, 4 figures.
Broaching Behaviors of Licensed Professional Counselors: A Qualitative Inquiry

This qualitative study explored broaching behaviors of licensed professional Counselors during intakes with clients who have addictions. Five themes emerged: (a) to broach or not to broach, (b) follow the client's lead, (c) right timing, (d) counselor willingness, and (e) which cultural characteristics are considered.
Seeing the park for the trees: New York’s “Million Trees” campaign vs. the deep roots of environmental inequality

Trees provide many environmental benefits, but low-income communities of color tend to have fewer of them. New York City attempted to correct this disparity by planting a million trees via public–p...