cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IPO Pricing, Block Sales, and Long‐Term Performance

Block sales following IPOs are related to the IPOs’ value relative to an estimate of intrinsic value, opening-trade return, and IPO size. Overvalued IPOs experience more block sales than undervalued IPOs. IPOs with high block sales outperform IPOs with low block sales from 20 days after IPO through lockup expiration; however, IPOs with high block sales underperform IPOs with low block sales from lockup expiration through the third year after the IPO. The results indicate that block traders are advantaged relative to other traders; whether the advantage is based on superior information or superior valuation capabilities is unknown.
Onset of superfluidity in 4 He films adsorbed on a graphite-fiber substrate

A torsional oscillator technique has been employed to investigate the onset of superfluidity in4He adsorbed on graphite fibers. A low temperature capacitance pressure gauge has been used to characterize the layered growth of the film as mass is added to the experimental cell. At T=0.84 K the onset of superfluidity occurs after completion of three layers. A comparison with similar data for a Mylar substrate shows that the dissipation peaks are much sharper for the graphite-fiber substrate.
Purification of the yeast U4/U6.U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle and identification of its proteins.

The yeast U4/U6⋅U5 pre-mRNA splicing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is a 25S small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle similar in size, composition, and morphology to its counterpart in human cells. The yeast U4/U6⋅U5 snRNP complex has been purified to near homogeneity by affinity chromatography and preparative glycerol gradient sedimentation. We show that there are at least 24 proteins stably associated with this particle and performed mass spectrometry microsequencing to determine their identities. In addition to the seven canonical core Sm proteins, there are a set of U6 snRNP specific Sm proteins, eight previously described U4/U6⋅U5 snRNP proteins, and four novel proteins. Two of the novel proteins have likely RNA binding properties, one has been implicated in the cell cycle, and one has no identifiable sequence homologues or functional motifs. The purification of the low abundance U4/U6⋅U5 snRNP from yeast and the powerful sequencing methodologies using small amounts of protein make possible the rapid identification of novel and previously unidentified components of large, low-abundance macromolecular machines from any genetically manipulable organism.
Sensing parameter selection for ultra-low-power system identification

In micro-scale electromechanical systems, power to perform accurate position sensing often greatly exceed the power needed to generate motion. This paper explores the implications of sampling rate and amplifier noise density selection on performance of a system identification algorithm using a capacitive sensing circuit. Specific performance objectives are to minimize or limit convergence rate and power consumption to identify dynamics of a rotary micro-stage. A rearrangement of the conventional recursive least-squares identification algorithm is performed to make operating cost an explicit function of sensor design parameters. It is observed that there is a strong dependence of convergence rate and error on sampling rate, while energy dependence is driven by error that may be tolerated in final identified parameters.
Physician Reactions to Healthcare IT: An Activity-Theoretic Analysis

This paper examines the diverse nature of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions elicited among physicians in response to the introduction of a computerized physician order entry system in a hospital setting. These diverse reactions, which translate into different forms of acceptance and resistance behaviors are studied within the social-historical context of physicians' work using activity theory as a theoretical lens. Our interpretive analysis helps us understand why some physicians are favorably disposed while others are not toward the same system within the same hospital, and how these differences are manifested in their subsequent behaviors. This study complements prior information technology usage research by exploring differences in usage patterns within a user population, by extending usage research into mandatory settings, and by demonstrating the use of activity theory as an interpretive lens for informing information systems research.
Structural effects on vapor diffusivity in rigid polymers

Sulfonated aromatic polyamide and different salts were synthesized. Water vapor diffusion in these polymers and X-ray diffraction of these polymers before and after water immersion were studied. The concentration dependence of the diffusivity is related to the morphological structure in the dry state and the change induced by absorbed water. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Remote control and children’s understanding of robots

Children use goal-directed motion to classify agents as living things from early in infancy. In the current study, we asked whether preschoolers are flexible in their application of this criterion by introducing them to robots that engaged in goal-directed motion. In one case the robot appeared to move fully autonomously, and in the other case it was controlled by a remote. We found that 4- and 5-year-olds attributed fewer living thing properties to the robot after seeing it controlled by a remote, suggesting that they are flexible in their application of the goal-directed motion criterion in the face of conflicting evidence of living thing status. Children can flexibly incorporate internal causes for an agent’s behavior to enrich their understanding of novel agents.
Histopathology of experimental columnaris disease in young salmon.

Abstract The histopathology of columnaris disease in young salmon is described. The gill was the major site of damage in fish experimentally infected with strains of C. columnaris of high virulence. Extensive alterations were noted in this organ and just prior to death the fish appeared to be suffering from acute respiratory distress. Lesions observed in the musculature and internal organs of the infected fish are also described.
Foreland-basin sequence response to collisional tectonism

As structural salients and recesses evolved from reentrants and promontories along the collisional continental margin associated with the Taconic orogeny, cross- strike structural features provided a mechanism for transferring zones of relative subsidence and uplift across the Appalachian foreland basin. The regional distribution of Lower Silurian clastic sequences reflects this tectonic influence. Thick, aggradational sequences formed in areas corresponding to salients in response to high rates of sediment supply and creation of sediment accommodation. As the rate of sediment supply exceeded the rate of accommodation added, shoreline progradation onto the distal foreland ramp produced upward-coarsening sequences. In areas of structural recesses, accommodation was created by erosion during sea-level fall and lowstand. Upward-fining sequences formed as the topographic lows were filled during subsequent sea-level rise. Results from this investigation indicate that predictable variations in foreland-basin deposition and in the resulting stratigraphic pattern occur along regional tectonic strike as well as in the dip direction. The thickness of foreland-ramp sequences is greater in areas of salients than in recesses, whereas the ratio of sandstone to total thickness is greater in the recesses. Aggradational sequences grading laterally into upward-coarsening progradational sequences of the distal ramp characterize areas of relative subsidence, which provides a mechanism for creating sediment accommodation. In contrast, deep erosion, common unconformities, and incised valley fills are present in areas corresponding to recesses, where the rate of eustatic fall commonly exceeds the subsidence rate. These along-strike stratigraphic variations in response to collisional tectonism should be considered in the interpretation of other foreland-basin successions.
Bounding Distributions for the Weight of a Minimum Spanning Tree in Stochastic Networks

This paper considers the problem of determining the distribution of the weight W of a minimum spanning tree for an undirected graph with edge weights that are independently distributed discrete random variables. Using the underlying fundamental cutsets and cycles associated with a spanning tree, we are able to obtain upper and lower bounds on the distribution of W. In turn, these are used to establish bounds on E[W]. Our general method for deriving these bounding distributions subsumes existing approximation methods in the literature. Computational results indicate that the new approximation methods provide excellent bounds for some challenging test networks.
Metaphase arresting compounds in embryos.

COLCHICINE, demecolcin (N-desacetyl-N-methylcolchicine) and vinblastine are all metaphase arresting agents1. The first two compounds have been used extensively to determine various parameters of cellular dynamics, such as the mitotic index and the turnover time. In adults good agreement has been found between data obtained using colchicine and isotopes2. Vinblastine is not used to examine these cell parameters, probably because it has been shown to affect DNA synthesis3. The effect of these compounds on embryonic rats in utero has been examined. In this study, we found that the mitotic index obtained using the different compounds differed profoundly.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections with Gram-Negative Bacteria

Infection causes major morbidity and mortality in patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts. The prognosis of CSF shunt infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) has been thought to be particularly poor. The authors reviewed all GNB shunt infections treated at Children's Memorial Hospital from January 1986 to January 1990 (n = 23). Of these infections 20 (87%) occurred within 4 weeks after shunt revision (median, 10 days). The most frequent symptoms were fever, lethargy, and irritability; the illness was not severe in the majority of these patients. Escherichia coli was isolated from 12 of 23 patients (52%), Klebsiella pneumoniae from 5 (22%), and mixed GNB from 3 (13%) patients. Initial treatment always included immediate shunt removal, externalized ventricular drainage, and intravenous antibiotics. Extraventricular drainage revision and/or intraventricular antibiotics were required in four patients whose CSF cultures were persistently positive for GNB. At admission, these patients had CSF glucose levels of < 10 mg/dl and CSF positive for GNB by Gram's stain. The overall cure rate was 100%, and no recurrence was observed; however, a subsequent infection with a different organism developed in four patients. Only 2 of 19 patients (11%) who were followed up suffered apparent CNS damage. One patient died of unrelated causes shortly after treatment. Our findings indicate that 1) patients with GNB CSF shunt infections often appear relatively well at presentation; 2) CSF positive for GNB by Gram's stain and very low CSF glucose levels predict continued positive CSF cultures, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy; and 3) GNB CSF shunt infections can be successfully treated by prompt shunt removal, extraventricular drainage, and intravenous antibiotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The development and use of the chinese classification system

L'histoire de la classification chinoise est tres ancienne et remonte a plus de 2000 ans: les etapes de son adaptation au fil du temps nous sont presentees. De nos jours, pour repondre aux besoins des bibliotheques la Chinese Library Book Classification, mise a jour en 1979, a ete editee pour la premiere fois en 1975. Son utilisation est actuellement reservee aux grandes bibliotheques du pays mais sa transformation en norme nationale pour la classification est souhaitee
Intestinal muscle contractility during acute pancreatitis

Experiments were designed to study the effects of acute pancreatitis, induced by bile duct ligation, on the contractility of longitudinal muscle from the jejunum of rats. Forty animals were divided randomly into 5 groups, 8 in each. In three groups, the common bile duct was ligated at its entrance into the duodenum (low ligation), and their jejunal longitudinal muscle contractility was studied at 24, 48 or 72 hours after operation. In the fourth group, the common bile duct was ligated above the pancreas (high ligation). These animals were studied 72 hours after operation. In the fifth group, sham operation was performed as a control. At the time of study, two strips of longitudinal muscle were peeled from a segment of the jejunum from each animal, and were mounted in organ baths. Muscle contractions in response to carbachol (10-7-10-4m) and to KCL (30 mM) were measured, correlated to the cross-sectional area of the muscle strips, and expressed as stress. Animals with low ligation developed histological evidence of acute pancreatitis. Maximal stress to carbachol of intestinal muscle from these animals decreased progressively with time after operation. Forty-eight and 72 hours following low ligation, Maximal stresses in response to carbachol were 488 ± 33 g cm-2 and 438 ± 28 g cm-2, values significantly lower than those after sham operation (611 ± 24 g cm-2). In contrast, median effective concentrations of carbachol (D-50s) were not significantly different among groups. The response to KCl, although lower than that to carbachol in each group, did not differ among groups. Animals with high ligation, although showing signs of bile stasis, did not develop histological evidence of pancreatitis, and maximal stresses to either carbachol or KCl developed by muscle from these animals did not differ significantly from control. We conclude that low ligation with the induction of pancreatitis leads to a decreased contractility of the jejunum. Also, the impairment responsible for the decreased contractility may reside in an excitation-contraction pathway step initiated by carbachol but not by KCl.
Environmental enrichment affects suboptimal, risky, gambling-like choice by pigeons

Pigeons prefer a risky option with a low probability of a high payoff over a less risky option that results in more food. This finding is analogous to suboptimal human monetary gambling because in both cases there appears to be an overemphasis of the occurrence of the winning event and an underemphasis of the losing event. In the present research, we found that pigeons that were exposed to an enriched environment (a large cage with three other pigeons for 4 h a day) were less likely to show this suboptimal choice behavior compared with typically housed laboratory pigeons in a control group. These results have implications for the mechanisms underlying suboptimal choice by humans (e.g., problem gamblers), and they suggest that a enriched environment may allow for enhanced self-control.
The ABCs of Rhinoviruses, Wheezing, and Asthma

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were discovered as common cold pathogens over 50 years ago. Recent advances in molecular viral diagnostics have led to an appreciation of their role in more-significant respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis in infancy, childhood pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. Until a few years ago, only two groups of HRVs (A and B) had been recognized. However, full and partial sequencing of HRVs led to the discovery of a third species of HRV (HRV-C) that has distinct structural and biologic features. Risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms for more-severe HRV infections are being defined, and yet fundamental questions persist about mechanisms relating this common pathogen to allergic diseases and asthma. The close relationship between HRV infections and asthma suggests that antiviral treatments could have a major impact on the morbidity associated with this chronic respiratory disease.
Creativity and cognitive style in learning disabled and nondisabled school age children.

The present study investigated the cognitive style and creative processes of 42 learning disabled and 44 nondisabled students. Subjects were randomly selected and administered the Matching Familiar...
TOWARDS UNIFICATION OF THE SOCIO‐ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES: THE VALUE OF COUPLED MODELS

. The major environmental problems of the twenty-first century, including climate change, water scarcity, pollution and resource exhaustion, represent a new category of crisis and highlight the desperate need for an integrated science of socio-ecological phenomena. To help establish the foundations of such a science, we explore three traditions of mathematical theory: the Lotka–Volterra interactions of ecological theory, niche construction models of population genetics, and theory from the gene–culture coevolution tradition. We review the theoretical tools of each of these traditions in explaining cultural articulation with the environment. Although the theoretical core of the science we propose does not exist, cultural evolutionary theory supplies useful tools to analyse endogenous culture, cultural dynamics, and deeply rooted behavioural links to the environment. We also present a coupled model for demonstration, and suggest that coupled socio-ecological models can provide a formal theory to help address the emergent socio-ecological problems of the future.
Norepinephrine clearance, chromogranin A and dopamine β hydroxylase in renal failure

Norepinephrine clearance, chromogranin A and dopamine β hydroxylase in renal failure. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels are normal or elevated in patients with renal failure even though uremia often damages the sympathetic nerves that release NE. We infused 3 H-NE into subjects with normal, mildly depressed, or absent renal function. 3 H-NE clearance was depressed 20% in mild renal failure and 40% in patients on hemodialysis. The calculated rate of NE release into plasma was low in uremics even though their plasma NE was normal. Dopamine β hydroxylase (DβH) and chromogranin A are released from sympathetic nerve endings along with NE. DβH levels were low in uremia and DβH levels doubled following hemodialysis. Chromogranin A levels were very high in uremics and increased slightly following hemodialysis. Plasma clearance of both NE and chromogranin A appears low in renal failure. The calculated rate of NE release is diminished in uremics, which is in accord with reports of autonomic neuropathy in these patients.
Cobalt(III) complexes of tripod amines. Kinetics of aquation of dichloro[ N -(2-aminoethyl)- N , N - bis - (3-aminopropyl)amine]cobalt(III) ion

A new series of six-coordinate cobalt(III) complexes containing tripod tetradentate-N donors (N4), [Co(abap)Cl2]ClO4 · H2O, [Co(abap)(H2O)Cl]Cl(ClO4) and [Co(N4)X2]ClO4 (N4 = abap, X = N3, NO2; N4 = TPA, X = Cl, NO2) where abap = N-(2-aminoethyl)-N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)amine and TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, UV–Vis, and IR. The kinetics of the primary aquation of the complex ion [Co(abap)Cl2]+ to [Co(abap)(H2O)Cl]2+ was followed spectrophotometrically in 50/50 (v/v) CH3CN/aqueous HClO4 (16–37°C and I = 0.50 M NaClO4). Rate constants (k 1) evaluated under pseudo first-order conditions, were found to be independent of the [H3O+] over the range of 0.10–0.50 M HClO4 and of the initial complex concentration. At 25°C, the k 1 value was found to be 1.65 × 10−3 s−1 indicating that this process is, unexpectedly, slightly slower than the corresponding reaction in [Co(tren)Cl2]+ (k 1 = 2.96 × 10−3 s−1). The activation parameters were calculated ( = 61.9 ± ...
Pressure Regulation in the Middle Ear Cavity of Sea Lions: A Possible Mechanism

The mucosa lining the cavity of the middle ear of sea lions contains a complex network of venous channels and sinuses. During dives the pressure within the middle ear may be equalized with that in the external auditory meatus either by the distention or depression of the mucosa due to the presence or absence of blood in the sinuses.
Strong exchange of stabilities in rapidly rotating parabolic Poiseuille flow

Abstract Poiseuille flow between two coaxial cylindrical pipes, with inner pipe translating at just the rate so that the velocity is parabolic, is rotated around the common axis of symmetry, with a common angular velocity. If the rotation rate is very large and it is assumed that the wave length of the critical disturbances is small, the governing equations take an approximate form that is analogous, remarkably, to Couette flow between coaxial cylinders with a certain difference. It is proved that if the rotation rate meets this criterion, the strong principle of exchange of stabilities (PES) holds; that is, all eigenvalues are real, and there is a first unstable eigenvalue. From a physical viewpoint, the resulting unstable motion initially takes the form of steady spiral vortices.
Measuring Political Change

The analysis of political change in Britain has been dominated by the swing. The swing is inadequate because it measures only a relationship between changes in party support and sheds no light on the processes of political change. This paper critically examines the swing concept and suggests an alternative standardised measure which eliminates a number of problems associated with the use of the swing.
Transport of organic solutes through amorphous teflon AF films.

Fluorous media have great potential for selective extraction (e.g., as applied to organic synthesis). Fluorous polymer films would have significant advantages in fluorous separations. Stable films of Teflon AF 2400 were cast from solution. Films appear defect-free (SEM; AFM). Rigid aromatic solutes are transported (from chloroform solution to chloroform receiving phase) in a size-dependent manner (log permeability is proportional to −0.0067 times critical volume). Benzene's permeability is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than in comparable gas-phase experiments. The films show selectivity for fluorinated solutes in comparison to the hydrogen-containing control. Transport rates are dependent on the solvent making up the source and receiving phases. The effect of solvent is, interestingly, not due to changes in partition ratio, but rather it is due to changes in the solute diffusion coefficient in the film. Solvents plasticize the films. A less volatile compound, −COOH-terminated poly(hexafluoropropylene...
Surgical approach to concealed penis : Technical refinements and outcome

Objectives A concealed penis is defined as a phallus of normal size buried in prepubic tissue (buried penis), enclosed in scrotal tissue (webbed penis), or trapped by scar tissue after penile surgery (trapped penis). We report our results using a standardized surgical approach that was highly effective in both functional and cosmetic terms. Methods From January 2002 to December 2005, 56 patients (median age 7 years) underwent surgery for a buried penis, 11 (median age 5 years) for a webbed penis, and 20 (median age 8 years) for a trapped penis. All 20 patients with a trapped penis had previously undergone circumcision for phimosis, except for 3 (1 for multioperated lymphangioma, 1 for repaired hypospadias, and 1 for corrected glanular epispadia). All webbed penises were phimotic, requiring circumcision. The surgical technique consisted of complete exteriorization of the shaft and reconstruction of the penopubic and penoscrotal angles. These maneuvers, however, proved extremely straightforward, with the addition of an incision along the scrotal raphe without any incision of the penile skin. Results All the patients were observed for at least 1 year after repair. Recurrence was observed in 3 boys with a buried penis (5.3%); all 3 boys were obese. Two cases of a trapped penis (10.0%) recurred, but no case of a webbed penis recurred. Regarding complications, 2 patients with a buried penis presented with mild lymphatic stasis of distal shaft that spontaneously subsided within a few months. Conclusions The scrotal approach we have described has simplified the complete exteriorization of the penile shaft, with easy bleeding control, avoiding the use of flaps, grafts, and additional ventral Z-plasty often described in published reports. In addition, the cosmetic results were judged to be good by the parents.
Diffeomorphism groups, anyon fields, and q commutators.

We construct explicit anyon fields from unitary representations of the group diffeomorphisms of the plane, realizing braid group elements as paths in the plane transforming naturally under diffeomorphisms. The fields satisfy q-commutation relations, where q is the anyonic phase shift.
Molecular cloning of lin-29, a heterochronic gene required for the differentiation of hypodermal cells and the cessation of molting in C.elegans

The lin-29 gene product of C.elegans activates a temporal developmental switch for hypodermal cells. Loss-of-function lin-29 mutations result in worms that fail to execute a stage-specific pattern of hypodermal differentiation that includes exist from the cell cycle, repression of larval cuticle genes, activation of adult cuticle genes, and the cessation of molting. Combined genetic and physical mapping of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) was used to identify the lin-29 locus. A probe from the insertion site of a Tc1 (maP1), closely linked and to the left of lin-29 on the genetic map, was used to identify a large set of overlapping cosmid, lambda and yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones assembled as part of the C.elegans physical mapping project. Radiolabeled DNA from one YAC clone identified two distinct allele-specific alterations that cosegregated with the lin-29 mutant phenotype in lin-29 intragenic recombinants. lin-29 sequences were severely under-represented in all cosmid and lambda libraries tested, but were readily cloned in a YAC vector, suggesting that the lin-29 region contains sequences incompatible with standard prokaryotic cloning techniques.
Treatment of Congenital and Acquired Heart Block with an Implantable Pacemaker

The Chardack-Greatbatch implantable pacemaker has proved a worthwhile device for the management of both congenital and acquired heart block. The procedure used for implantation in 38 patients is described. The most frequent indication for use of the pacemaker is syncope due to heart block. Progressive cardiac enlargement was also an indication for pacemaker implantation in two of four children with congenital heart block. The pacemaker has also been useful in the management of surgically induced heart block and coexisting heart block that accompanies intracardiac lesions, such as aortic stenosis, which require open-heart surgery. Pacemaker failure due to electrode breakage occurred in two patients. In both instances, a replacement unit was successfully used. Three of the 38 patients have subsequently died from causes unrelated to pacemaking while one death resulted from pacemaker failure 12 months after implantation. The remaining 34 patients have remained free from cardiac symptoms during observation periods of 2 to 24 months.
Non-destructive evaluation of thin film coatings using a laser-induced surface thermal lensing effect

Abstract Laser-induced surface deformation is a widely used technique for studying thin film coatings. In this technique the deformation is typically detected using the well known optical beam deflection technique. In this paper we report a different technique for studying surface deformation by using an optical diffraction effect. In this detection scheme, the laser-induced thermal bump behaves as a curved reflection mirror which can either focus or defocus a second probe laser beam through optical diffraction, depending on the specific geometry used. This surface thermal lensing effect is demonstrated to be a sensitive and easy-to-handle method for thin film characterization. The potentials of this technique and its advantages over the conventional method for thin film absorption measurement and defect characterization are discussed.
Ikaros and acute leukemia.

The role of Ikaros in the pathogenesis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been an enigma for many years. Ikaros is a member of a family of zinc finger transcription factors that also include...
Extremal definitions of generalized inverses

Abstract It is shown that, with respect to suitable partial orders P (e.g. on n × n complex matrices) and sets X a , Z a , the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse a † and the pseudoinverse a ' introduced by the author in 1958 are both simultaneously the (unique) P -maximum of X a and the P -minimum of Z a . When a is (e.g.) a row-and- column-finite infinite matrix, then a † and/or a ′ (as originally defined) may fail to exist: this occurs if and only if Z a is empty. However, discarding Z a and redefining a † and a ′ simply as P -max X a yields second-generation generalized inverses which respectively coincide with the original a † and a ' whenever these exist, but, at least in the case of a ′, have the advantage of existing (with some of the useful properties of the original) for a larger class of matrices.
Is it HIV TTP or HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy?

Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. With advanced HIV disease, the presence of both thrombocytopenia and schistocytosis are frequently observed. In such cases, the diagnosis of HIV associated TTP is often considered. This article reviews emerging concepts of HIV associated microangiopathies. It concludes that the pathophysiology, in many cases seems to be distinct from idiopathic TTP (particularly with advanced HIV disease—<100 CD4/microliter). A sine que non for successful therapy of HIV-TMA appears to be the treatment of the underlying HIV infection.infection. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fractionation of the rat liver enzymes that hydrolyze benzoyl-arginine-2-naphthylamide.

Abstract 1. 1. The enzyme activity in the particulate fraction from rat liver that hydrolyzes α-N- benzoyl - dl - arginine-2-naphthylamide (Bz-Arg-NNap) has been separated into two approximately equal components by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. One component (peak II) is completely retained by the column at low ionic strength while the other component (peak I) passes through. 2. 2. In contrast to the enzyme in peak I, the enzyme in peak II is extremely sensitive to inhibition by leupeptin, it will hydrolyze carbobenzoxy-alanylarginylarginyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine, and it will inactivate aldolase. 3. 3. There appears to be also a minor high molecular weight component of the α-N- benzoyl- dl -arginyl-2-naphthylamine-hydrolyzing activity that is retained by the DEAE-cellulose but which has properties similar to those of the peak I enzyme.
Defining frontier areas in the United States

Demand is growing for a statistically based, nationally consistent definition of frontier territory, one that is adjustable within a reasonable range and applicable in different research and policy contexts. The need arises from Congressional mandates affecting rural health programs and from limitations of previous classification schemes. As used here, the term frontier denotes territory characterized by some combination of relatively low-population density and high geographic remoteness. Two features distinguish the methodology described here from earlier classifications. First, the approach strives for the most accurate measures of distance possible for the smallest units of geography containing population data. Travel time by car to nearby urban areas is calculated for coterminous US territory at the 1 × 1 kilometer grid level. Once frontier territory is delimited at the grid level, frontier populations may be summed to ZIP code areas, as demonstrated on the Main Map, or to census tracts, counties, or ...
Deep Autotrophic Soil Respiration in Shrubland and Woodland Ecosystems in Central New Mexico

Quantifying the controls on soil respiration is important for understanding ecosystem physiology and for predicting the response of soil carbon reservoirs to climate change. The majority of soil respiration is typically considered to occur in the top 20–30 cm of soils. In desert soils, where organic matter concentrations tend to be low and plants are deeply rooted, deeper respiration might be expected. However, little is known about the depth distribution of respiration in dryland soils. Here we show that the average depth of soil respiration between pulse precipitation events is almost always greater than 20 cm and is frequently greater than 50 cm in two central New Mexico desert shrublands. The average depth of soil respiration in a pinon-juniper woodland was shallower, between 5 and 40 cm. In the shrublands, 8‰ seasonal variations in the carbon isotope composition of soil-respired CO2 (δ13Cr-soil) that correlate with vapor pressure deficit support root/rhizosphere respiration as the dominant source of soil CO2. Such deep autotrophic respiration indicates that shrubs preferentially allocate photosynthate to deep roots when conditions near the surface are unfavorable. Therefore, respiration rates in these soils are not necessarily correlated with root biomass. The δ13Cr-soil values provide no evidence for CO2 evolved from soil inorganic carbon. Our results also suggest that organic carbon cycling is rapid and efficient in these soils and that the δ13C value of CO2 respired from soils in much of the southwestern US, and perhaps in other semiarid regions, varies seasonally by at least 4‰.
On tides in estuaries and around small islands

Tides in estuaries and around small islands are studied in this paper. Under the assumption that the width and the mean depth of the estuary can be adequately expressed as power functions of the longitudinal distance from a certain point upstream, and that the depth of the ocean varies as a power function of the radial distance from the island, analytical solutions can be found by very simple transformations.
Effects of cyclic adenosine 3′: 5′-monophosphate on phosphoprotein kinase and phosphatase fractions prepared from rat liver nuclei

A soluble rat liver nuclear extract containing total RNA polymerase activities also exhibits appreciable amounts of protein kinase activity. This unfractionated protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of both endogenous proteins and exogenous lysine-rich histone in the presence of [y-32P]ATP and Mg’+. The optimal concentration of Mg*+ is 5 mM for histone phosphorylation and 25 mru for the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins. Cyclic AMP has no effect on the phosphorylation of lysine-rich histone by this unfractionated nuclear protein kinase. However, addition of cyclic AMP causes a reduction in the 3zPlabeling of an endogenous protein (CAB which can be characterized by its mobility during SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and elution in the unbound fraction of a DEAESephadex column. If CA1 is first labeled with 32P and then incubated with 10v6 M cyclic AMP under conditions where protein kinase activity is inhibited, the presence of the cyclic nucleotide causes a loss of the 32P-labeling of this protein, implying the activation of a substrate-specific protein phosphatase. When rat liver RNA polymerases are purified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, protein kinase activity is found in the unbound fraction and in those column fractions containing RNA polymerase I and II. The fractionated protein kinases exhibit different responses to cyclic AMP, the unbound protein kinase being stimulated and the RNA polymerase-associated protein kinases being dramatically inhibited. A second protein (CAII) whose phosphorylated state is modified by cyclic AMP is found within the DEAE-Sephadex column fractions containing RNA polymerase II. The cyclic nucleotide in this case appears to reduce labeling of CA11 by inhibition of the protein kinase activity which co-chromatographs with both CA11 and RNA polymerase II. Based on molecular weight estimates, neither CA1 nor CA11 appears to be an RNA polymerase subunit. The identity of CA1 as a protein factor whose phosphorylated state influences nuclear RNA synthesis is suggested by the fact that addition of fractions containing CA1 to purified RNA polymerase II inhibits the activity of this enzyme, but only if CA1 has been previously incubated in the presence of cyclic AMP.
Variation in susceptibility of ten mouse strains to infection with a strain of Ehrlichia risticii.

Summary Eight inbred strains of mice (A/J, AKR/NCr1BR, BALB/cAnNHsd, C3H/HeJ, C3H/HeNHsd, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10SnJ and CBA/J) and two outbred strains (CFI and ICR) were inoculated with a strain of Ehrlichia risticii and their relative susceptibility to disease was determined. The strains varied widely in susceptibility, some showing profound illness, with illness being barely detectable in others. Severity of illness was uniform within strains. This study confirmed that the A/J and BALB/cAnNHsd strains were very susceptible to illness, but the C3H/HeJ, CBA/J and the CFI strains were slightly less susceptible. The C57BL/6J, C57BL/10SnJ, C3H/HeNHsd, AKR/NCr1BR and ICR strains were resistant.
Abnormal response of glycolipid synthesis to temperature in transformed BHK cells thermosensitive for growth control.

Abstract In DMN4B cells, a line of chemically mutagenized BHK hamster cells which exhibit transformed behavior at 38.5°C but not at 32°C, [ 14 C]-palmitate incorporation into mono-, di-, and trihexosylceramides was unimpaired at 32°C when compared with incorporation rates in untransformed BHK cells. At 38.5°C, labeling of these glycolipids increased greatly in the BHK cells, but failed to increase comparably in the DMN4B cells. Assay of cell-free preparations of the galactosyltransferase which catalyzes trihexosylceramide synthesis revealed a stimulatory effect of increased temperature on activity of the BHK enzyme, but not the DMN4B enzyme. The results suggest that transformation can result from a mutation affecting glycolipid synthesis.
Anticipatory and residual effects of an active coping task on pre- and post-stress baselines

This study examined several issues concerning baseline measurement in cardiovascular reactivity testing: effects of anticipation of stress on baseline, point at which initial baseline stabilizes, effects of a stressful task on a succeeding baseline, and gender differences in baseline patterns. Ten males and ten females sat for a 30-min initial baseline period, a 2-min stressor (mental arithmetic), and a 15-min post-stress period. An additional ten males and ten females participated only in the 30-min initial baseline (no stressor). There was no difference in initial baseline between the stress and no-stress conditions; nor were there interactions between this factor and gender. Initial baseline stabilized at resting levels after approximately one minute. Post-stress rest levels were significantly higher than initial baseline levels for blood pressure (5.8 and 4.8 mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively), but not for heart rate. Implications of recovery of baseline are discussed.
Proteomic analyses of methamphetamine (METH)-induced differential protein expression by immature dendritic cells (IDC)

In the US, the increase in methamphetamine (METH) use has been associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of defense against HIV-1. DC play a critical role in harboring HIV-1 and facilitate the infection of neighboring T cells. However, the role of METH on HIV-1 infectivity and the expression of the proteome of immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that METH modulates the expression of a number of proteins by IDC that foster the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We utilized LTR amplification, p24 antigen assay and the proteomic method of difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with protein identification through high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the effects of METH on HIV-1 infectivity (HIV-1 IIIB; CXCR4-tropic, X4 strain) and the proteomic profile of IDC. Our results demonstrate that METH potentiates HIV-1 replication in IDC. Furthermore, METH significantly differentially regulates the expression of several proteins including CXCR3, protein disulfide isomerase, procathepsin B, peroxiredoxin and galectin-1. Identification of unique, METH-induced proteins may help to develop novel markers for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic targeting in METH using subjects.
Electron microscope analysis of residual particles from aircraft contrails

Ice crystals larger than about 5 !m diameter were separated from interstitial particles in aircraft contrails and evaporated. Residual particles larger than 0.1 gm were analyzed by electron microscopy. Soot, metals, and volatile organic substances, apparently from the aircratexhaust, were found. However, the residual particles also contained high percentages of minerals, thought to be crustal in origin, that were oten mixed with sulfur. The percentage of particles in our samples (representing the larger residual particles from relatively large ice crystals) identified as exhaust-derived and the percentage apparently derived from the ambient aerosol were roughly equal, suggesting that ambient particles may be important in contrail formation. Possible explanations for this are presented.
Impression Management and the Neo Five-Factor Inventory: Cause for Concern?

Summary.-Two studies examined whether NEO Five-Factor Inventory profiles might be biased by management of impression. In the studies, participants (83 women and 43 women, 14 men) completed a measure of the five factors of personaliiy under complete anonymity and then completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory under either complete anonymity or under conditions intended to motivate impression management. No effects were found in Study 1, but slight effects were found in Study 2. Findings suggesr conditions which create a strong motivation for impression management could shghtly bias the profdes; however, this bias had little effect on the over-all profiles. Paulhus, Bruce, and Trapnell (1995) had 370 students complete the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989) under instructions to fake good or bad or to respond honestly. Participants produced elevated profiles and lowered profiles under 'fake good' and 'fake bad' instructions, respectively, relative to 'respond honestly' participants. 'Faked' profiles also had significantly increased mean intercorrelations of factors. Is this bias a concern when testing condtions motivate impression management? This question was addressed in two studies. Study 1 participants were 83 women in psychology classes and Study 2 participants were 43 women and 14 men in a psychology class. A test-retest procedure was used wherein participants first completed an adjective rating measure of the five factors of personality (McCrae & Costa, 1985) under conditions of anonymity and then, in Study 1 completed the NEO Five-Factor Lnventory with anonymity or under the expectation that their scores would be discussed with the researcher, and in Study 2 completed the NEO FiveFactor Inventory with anonymity or under the expectation their scores would be discussed with a stranger or discussed with a group of strangers. Conditions were randomly assigned, and the discussions never occurred. Impression management could affect the NEO Five-Factor Inventory in three ways: (1) increasing/decreasing the mean profiles, (2) increasing the mean factor intercorrelations, or (3) reducing the test-retest correlations. The mean profiles were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance procedures
Exercise training improves depressive symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis: Results of a meta-analysis

Abstract Objective There is a high prevalence, yet under-treatment of depressive disorder and symptoms by conventional therapy in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We conducted a meta-analysis examining the overall effect of exercise training on depressive symptoms in MS. Methods We searched PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCT) of exercise training and depression as an outcome in samples with MS. There were 13 RCTs that met inclusion criteria and yielded data for effect size (ES) generation (Cohen's d). An overall ES was calculated using a random effects model and expressed as Hedge's g. Results The weighted mean ES was small, but statistically significant (Hedge's g = 0.36, SE = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.18–0.54, z = 3.92, p Conclusion The cumulative evidence indicates that exercise training can yield a small, yet statistically significant and reliable reduction in depressive symptoms for people with MS.
An ab initio study of H chemisorption on Li clusters in bcc(111) symmetry

Abstract Many-body perturbation theory has been applied to investigate the properties of lithium clusters which model the (111) surface of the crystal lattice. Hydrogen interaction with the clusters has been investigated in detail by considering different approach positions of the hydrogen atom. Important differences as well as some points of agreement have been found with previous results for similar work on Li n clusters in bcc(100) and (110) symmetries. Relative stabilities from the points of view of cohesive energy for bare clusters and chemisorption energy for hydrogen-lithium systems have been discussed. Charge transfer and p-occupancy effects for the various HLi n systems are presented in detail.
Subjected to Proof: The Advocate's Perspective

Assuming the role of the "advocate" in the Panel of Psychological Inquiry provided me a unique opportunity to read and examine a masterâ€™s thesis case study (Podetz, 2008, 2011) in great depth. The task required a familiarity with current discourse on the presentation of written clinical case material, and an interest in the task of establishing some criteria by which the validity of claims being made could be assessed. This author had first to establish to her own satisfaction, that the case being presented was indeed defensible. Having done so, in conjunction with the case study author, the advocate decided which of the salient points made were ideally suited to oral defense supported by both witness testimony and documentation. Four claims were argued: (1) It is absolutely clear that the patient, â€œAnnaâ€, presented with a serious psychopathology. (2) It is clear that the therapist/intern provided humanistic, psychodynamically informed therapy to â€œAnnaâ€. (3) It is highly probable that the treatment resulted in increased health and growth. (4) Ms. Podetzâ€™s premise, that â€œAnnaâ€™sâ€ cutting served a self-regulatory function as it offered relief from the tension of both numbness and excessive anxiety, was valid and critical to the clientâ€™s eventual growth. The successful conclusion of the Panel of Inquiry was a rewarding experience for the advocate, but it raised questions about the possible need for elaboration of the meaning Â of Â the judgeâ€™s rulings, as well as the need for an agreed upon vocabulary to describe qualities of character Â therapistsâ€™ possess which do often influence therapeutic outcomes.Â Â
Modulation of the in vivo immune response by human plasma very low-density lipoproteins.

Abstract Human plasma very low-density lipoproteins have been reported to moderate activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by antigen and mitogenic stimuli. The current study extends the characterization of the immunoregulatory properties of VLDL to the murine immune response. Microgram quantities of human VLDL inhibit the primary hemagglutinin response of mice to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in a dose-dependent fashion. The kinetics of development of both primary and secondary anti-SRBC responses is unaffected by VLDL suggesting inhibition of early inductive events and quantitative restriction in the clonal expansion and entry of primed lymphocytes into the memory cell pool as likely mechanisms of action. VLDL are thus important members of a growing family of immunoregulatory plasma lipoproteins potentially involved in the maintenance of immunologic homeostasis.