cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A spectroscopic chemometric modeling approach based on statistics pattern analysis

Abstract Spectroscopic techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy have gained wide applications in the last few decades. As a result, various soft sensors have been developed to predict sample properties from the sample’s spectroscopic readings. Because the readings at different wavelengths are highly correlated, it has been shown that variable selection could significantly improve a soft sensor’s prediction performance and reduce the model complexity. Currently, almost all variable selection methods focus on how to select the variables (i.e., wavelengths or wavelength segments) that are strongly correlated with the dependent variable to improve the prediction performance. Although many successful applications have been reported, such variable selection methods do have their limitations, such as high sensitivity to the choice of training data, and poorer performance when testing on new samples. This is because the variables that are removed from model building may contain useful information about the sample property. To address this limitation, we propose a statistics pattern analysis (SPA) based method. Instead of selecting certain wavelengths or wavelength segments, the SPA-based method considers the whole spectrum which is divided into segments, and extracts different features over each spectrum segment to build the soft sensor. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the performance of the SPA-based soft sensor and compared with a full partial least squares (PLS) model, and a synergy interval PLS (SiPLS) model.
The Countess of Blessington and Magic Lanterns

In this chapter, I explore how the theatrical event or tourist attraction of the auction might help us to theorize the ways in which objects act as souvenirs and as conduits to embodied experience. Just after Sir Thomas Lawrence completed his famous portrait of her, Lady Blessington composed a fictional account of an auction in her book The Magic Lantern; or, Sketches of Scenes in the Metropolis (1822). Juxtaposing Blessington’s narrative with a journal article by an “American Traveller” chronicling his experience at the Gore House auction of her possessions in 1849 suggests a number of important things about the connections among auctions, tourism, souvenirs, archives, and ghosts. The operation of magic lanterns, auctions, and tourism share a preoccupation with fantasy, projection, and types of surveillance. Blessington’s use of the magic lantern as a guiding trope serves to remind readers of the spectral and uncanny nature of urban existence as a continuous barrage of the strange and the familiar.
Communication patterns

Parallel applications have message-passing patterns that are important to understand. Network topology, routing decisions, and connection and buffer management need to match the communication patterns of an application for it to run efficiently and scale well. These patterns are not easily discerned from the source code of an application, and even when the data is available it is not easy to categorize it appropriately such that meaningful knowledge emerges.We describe a novel system to gather the information we need to discover an application's communication pattern. We create five categories that help us analyze that data and explain how information from each category can be useful in the design of networking hardware and software. We use the NAS parallel benchmarks as examples on how to apply our techniques.
264 FAMILY MEDICINE RESIDENTS' PERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS.

International medical graduates (IMGs) currently fill one-quarter of the positions in graduate medical education. The Academy of American Family Physicians (AAFP) estimates that approximately 48% of all first-year family medicine residents graduated from a US medical school. There are limited national data on the differences in self-perception and confidence between IMGs and USMGs in using their communication skills during the physician-patient encounter. Purpose The purpose of our study was (1) to assess differences in perception and confidence level of communication skills between USMGs and IMGs family medicine residents and (2) examine differences in perception and confidence level between first-, second-, and third-year postgraduates. Method Program directors at all accredited family medicine residencies were contacted via e-mail and asked to direct their residents to a voluntary anonymous cross-sectional Web-based survey. The questionnaire measured six areas: participant demographics, physician confidence level of using communication skills, the importance of using communication strategies for a positive patient outcome, the use of specific communication strategies, the importance of closing the encounter for a positive patient outcome, and the use of specific strategies for closing the patient encounter. Main Findings A total of 108 surveys were received from the on-line survey questionnaire, of which 27% were IMG and 72% of the respondents were USMG; 19.8% were PGY1, 42.5% PGY2, and 37.7% were PGY3; and 91.0% of respondents indicated that they were confident in their use of communication skills; however, they indicated a need to improve in 16 of 18 communication strategies. Respondents believed that communication strategies are important for positive patient outcomes and in closing the patient encounter; 95.9% of respondents indicated the importance of closing the patient encounter. Yet 92.3% replied that closing strategies were rarely or never implemented. Preliminary analysis also suggests differences in the confidence and use of communication skills between IMGs and USMGs. PGY1 felt less confident in all areas of their perception of patient communication in comparison with the other years. Conclusion Family medicine residents recognize the importance and the need of communication skills during their patient interaction. However, there is a gap between the perceived importance and practice of these skills. There may also be specific concerns relevant to IMGs in particular. Great effort is needed in increasing the use of communication strategies among residents and their patients to improve the likelihood of a positive patient encounter.
Declinación y destino de las exportaciones de petróleo crudo mexicano

The first part of this article examines the decline of Mexican exports in the context of growing production in the United States and Canada, analyzes the evolution of the market for heavy crude on the U.S. Gulf coast, and looks at the prospects for production of Mexican heavy crude. The second part focuses on the geographic direction of exports, examines prices (especially for heavy crude), explores other aspects of PEMEX’s commercial policies, and underlines the onerous cost of the diversification of crude exports to Europe and Asia. The article concludes that PEMEX’s current export strategy is out of date and recommends that the state-owned company restructure it in order to address the new circumstances of the oil market both in Mexico and abroad.
Can oncology readmissions be reduced? The Cleveland Clinic experience.

6573 Background: Reducing 30-day readmissions is a national policy priority. Readmissions in medical oncology patients have not been extensively evaluated, and may not be reasonably preventable. We...
P71 Healthy Habits for Life: Food-Tastic Youth Programs to Build Healthy Relationships with Food

Objective To empower school-aged, at-risk youth and their families with the knowledge and skills needed to make healthier choices resulting in positive behavior changes using agriculture, nutrition, and health education. Use of Theory or Research Many families don't have access to quality food and nutrition education and are at risk of negative health outcomes including inadequate nutrition and physical activity, leading to obesity and various other diseases (Choi, 2007; Stuart et al, 2008; Valois et al, 2002). Target Audience School-aged, at-risk youth and their families. Program Description Three unique programs offered at schools, over the summer, and within the community: Try It Tuesday, a monthly program held in public elementary schools that gives students the opportunity to try a new fruit or vegetable and is occasionally incorporated into the cafeteria's menu, Tiny Market, a mobile farmer's market brought to summer-camp sites to educate youth on where food comes from and nutrition through activities such as scavenger hunts, healthy snack preparation, and shopping at the market, and Farmers in Training (F.I.T.), a program held at our monthly farmers market where children complete a taste test, physical activity, and nutrition activity focused on an in-season fruit or vegetable for ‘Farmer's Market Bucks’ to shop at the market. Evaluation Methods Program outcomes are evaluated through pre- and post-surveys. Results These evaluations have shown that youth exhibited a 55% knowledge gain about the importance of healthy food choices. Youth increased their awareness of fruit consumption by 12% and their vegetable consumption by 10%. In addition, 9% of youth began giving their family suggestions on healthy snacks and meals. Conclusions These results suggest that youth who explore relationships with foods are empowered to immediately incorporate healthy choices into their lifestyle. Funding University of Florida, IFAS, Extension.
272. Greater disability associated with patients’ unrealistic expectations of lumbar surgery compared to surgeons’ expectations

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Concordance, or agreement, between patients and surgeons regarding expectations of lumbar surgery is a preoperative goal. Understanding what demographic and clinical characteristics contribute to differences in expectations, particularly unrealistically high expectations, would help direct preoperative communication. PURPOSE To compare concordance within the patient-surgeon pair regarding expectations of surgery, and to assess differences in expectations by demographic and clinical characteristics STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Cross-sectional, tertiary spine center. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 402 lumbar surgery patient-surgeon pairs. OUTCOME MEASURES HSS Lumbar Spine Surgery Expectations Survey. METHODS Patients of 5 spine surgeons were interviewed preoperatively and completed the ODI and the valid 20-item Expectations Survey. The Survey asks how much improvement is expected for each item with response options of complete to no improvement, and a total and 4 domain scores (ie, personal activities, daily function, psychological well-being and skeletal function) are generated (range 0-100, higher is greater expectations). Surgeons completed an identical survey asking them to rate expected improvement for each item for each patient, yielding similar 0-100 total and domain scores. Concordance within the patient-surgeon pair was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (range 0 [agreement no better than chance] to 1 [perfect agreement]). Differences between patients’ and surgeons’ total and domain scores were then assessed in multivariable models. RESULTS Mean age was 55, 55% were men, 21% were self-described as non-white race/ethnicity, 79% had degenerative conditions, and mean ODI score was 53 (range 4-84). Patients and surgeons independently completed the Survey within 10 days preoperatively. The mean total survey score was 73±19 for patients, 57±16 for surgeons (p CONCLUSIONS There was fair agreement between patients and surgeons regarding expectations with patients having greater expectations, especially if they were more disabled. Although it seems logical that patients with the most disability would have the most to expect, the essential issue is whether such high expectations (ie, complete improvement) are realistic; according to surgeons, a lot/moderate improvement is more appropriate. Thus preoperative discussions should not be centered on what items to expect, but instead should emphasis how much improvement to expect for each item. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Peer Victimization of Maltreated Youth: Distinct Risk for Physically Abused Versus Neglected Children

Background Although child abuse is associated with peer victimization in adolescence, few studies have assessed if maltreated children experiencing only neglect are at increased risk as well. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of peer victimization for maltreated youth who have been physically abused versus neglected to guide targeted bully prevention efforts in schools. Methods Utilizing LONGSCAN archived data collected between 1991 and 2012, children physically abused or neglected in the first 12 years of life were assessed for physically aggressive peer victimization at age 16, compared to nonmaltreated children, with a total sample size of 650 participants. Logistic regression analysis assessed odds of peer victimization based on maltreatment profile. Results Children physically abused were twice as likely to experience physically aggressive peer victimization, compared to the nonmaltreated group. Children experiencing only neglect were not at greater odds of being physically victimized by peers. Conclusions This study demonstrates physically abused children's risk of problems with aggressive peer victimization, in contrast to children neglected who are not at increased risk. These results contribute to our understanding of risk of peer victimization, and can inform targeted bully prevention efforts in schools for the child with a history of maltreatment.
All-vacuum-deposited inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes

Polycrystalline CsPbBr3 thin films are deposited by vacuum co-evaporation of cesium halide and lead halide precursors, leading to uniform pinhole-free morphology and precise control over the film thickness and precursor stoichiometry. By utilizing the organic hole and electron transport layers, all-vacuum-deposited perovskite LEDs are fabricated. The resulting devices exhibit a maximum luminance of 1800 cd/m2, a 531 nm emission wavelength peak with a spectral linewidth of 21 nm, and an external quantum efficiency of 1.1%.
Smart Ventilation for Advanced California Homes

Author(s): Walker, Iain; Less, Brennan; Lorenzetti, David; Mills, Evan; Rapp, Vi; Sohn, Mike; Li, Xiwang; Clark, Jordan; Sherman, Max | Abstract: This project investigated smart ventilation approaches to minimize energy use for providing indoor air quality (IAQ) in high performance new California homes. Evaluation criteria included annual ventilation-related energy, peak energy and time-of-use savings, and the indoor air quality relative to a minimally code-compliant ventilation system. The simulations used CONTAM’s air flow and contaminant transport model, combined with the EnergyPlus building loads model. House types representing the default California Energy Code compliance homes were investigated for four California climate zones, covering a wide range of climate types. Both single and multi-zone smart ventilation controls were investigated. Contaminant sources included contaminants emitted continuously and varying with time, temperature and relative humidity, episodic emissions from occupant activities and outdoor particles. Single-zone ventilation controls that varied ventilation depending on outdoor temperatures were able to consistently save half of ventilation-related energy without compromising long-term IAQ. Ventilation strategies that tracked occupancy were less successful, because this work included generic contaminants with constant background emission rates. Energy performance for occupancy controls improved with a one-hour pre-occupancy flush out strategy. The addition of zoning ventilation controls did not offer significant IAQ to energy improvements compared to non-zonal versions of the same ventilation system type. The best controls had HVAC energy savings of 10-20%, with individual cases reaching up to 40% savings. However, these savings cannot be achieved without worsening personal exposures for at least one contaminant. A metric is needed to assess the competing changes in exposure to different contaminants in order to determine the net-health impacts of a control strategy. Controls that directly sensed contaminants and controlled them to acceptable levels showed that the California OEHHA limit for formaldehyde completely dominates system performance, with homes not able to meet the limit even with continuous operation of a fan sized to twice the current code minimum.
Metastable B-doped FeNi compounds for permanent magnets without rare earths

We apply first-principles calculations to metastable B-doped Fe-Ni compounds to compute their magnetic properties. We focus on crystal structures with tetragonal and orthorhombic lattices. Boron atoms, doped at interstitial sites, help in stabilizing noncubic Fe-Ni structures. At the same time, the dopants improve the magnetic properties, such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy, compared to FeNi alloys in the tetragonal $L{1}_{0}$-ordered structures. The calculated magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants of $1--2 \mathrm{MJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ along with sufficient magnetic polarization saturation $(\ensuremath{\ge}1 \mathrm{T})$ show the potential of our metastable Fe-Ni-B compounds for replacing rare-earth-based magnets in permanent-magnet applications.
Improved Survival of Candida CLABSI by Adherence to Standard of Care and Involvement of Infectious Diseases Consultant: A 5-Year Experience in a Single Academic Center

Background Candidemia is the fourth most common nosocomial blood stream infection with significant morbidity and mortality. Central lines have been considered a risk factor for invasive fungal infection. We evaluated the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of Candida CLABSI in an academic medical center.
CYTOCHROME P-450 SYNTHESIS IN ISOLATED HEPATOCYTES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes cytochrome P-450 synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. In a number of standard methods described in the chapter, mouse (female ICR Dublin age 7–15 weeks) liver cells were prepared. The results obtained with different methods differed significantly, but the important parameter seemed to be the time element. If the time of preparation was too long, the initial levels of P-450 were low and no induction could be demonstrated. If sufficient cells were obtained within thirty minutes of the death of the animal, reasonable levels of P-450 were obtained independently of the method of cell preparation. Measurements of P-450 concentration in hypoxia resulted in an increase for 30–70 min. As induction could be clearly demonstrated for half an hour only, subsequent exposures were limited to this period. The chapter shows changes on one half hour's exposure of cells to various PO 2 values. The data at anoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia show significant changes but no significant change at normoxia.
Caring for pobres dementes: Madness, Colonization, and the Hospital de San Hipólito in Mexico City, 1567–1700

This article examines the early history of the Hospital de San Hipolito in Mexico City, which delivered charitable care and basic medical services to a vulnerable category of colonial subjects known as “pobres dementes,” or mad paupers. In spite of the vast and robust literature on the history of madness and its institutions, surprisingly little is known about this institution, which, founded in 1567, holds a claim to being the first hospital of the Americas to specialize in the care and custody of the mentally disturbed. The article draws on archival sources and biographies of the hospital's founder to reconstruct San Hipolito's origins, activities, patient population, and interior life. It asks how the hospital registered the transfer and adaptation of institutions, ideas, and practices from the Old World to the New. It argues, ultimately, that San Hipolito served as an imperfect tool of colonial governance—and that it did so less through exerting control over a multiracial, recalcitrant, and marginal group of colonial society than through the reproduction of charitable practices and ideas that lent legitimacy to Catholicism and Hapsburg models of paternal authority.
Temporal Relationships between Pain, Mood and Urinary Symptoms in Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A MAPP Network Study

Purpose:We sought to determine the time-lagged, bidirectional relationships among clinical variables of pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, negative mood, nonpelvic pain and quality of life in men and w...
Stationary ethylene–air edge flames in a wedge-shaped region at low and high strain rates

Edge flames are a canonical two-dimensional flame structure appearing in lifted jet flames and in the growth and repair of flame holes in nonpremixed turbulent combustion. Computational studies of ...
Validation of the Intermountain Risk Score and Get with the Guidelines-Heart Failure Score in predicting mortality.

OBJECTIVE The Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) was evaluated for validation as a mortality predictor and compared with the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score in a rural heart failure (HF) population. BACKGROUND IMRS predicts mortality in general populations using common, inexpensive laboratory tests, patient age and sex, but requires validation in patients with HF. METHODS Individuals were selected from the GWTG-HF registry at Essentia Health. This included consecutive HF inpatients age ≥18 years admitted July 2017-June 2019. IMRS was calculated using sex-specific weightings of the complete blood count, basic metabolic profile, and age. RESULTS A total of 703 individuals (mean age: 74.12, 44.38% female) were studied. The 30-day IMRS predicted 30-day mortality for both sexes (females n=312: OR=1.19 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.32) per +1, p<0.001; males n=391: OR=1.23 (CI 1.12 to 1.36) per +1, p<0.001). The GWTG-HF risk score (only available in n=300, 42.7%) was independent of IMRS for 30-day mortality (OR=1.11 (CI 1.06 to 1.16) per +1, p<0.001). Using thresholds in bivariate modelling, IMRS (high vs low risk, OR=8.25 (CI 2.19 to 31.09), p=0.002) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.18 (CI 0.84 to 5.68), p=0.11) independently predicted mortality. In multivariable analyses including covariables, IMRS (high vs low risk: OR=6.69 (CI 1.75 to 25.60), p=0.005) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.62 (CI 0.96 to 7.12), p=0.06) remained predictors of mortality. Results were similar for 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS The IMRS and GWTG-HF scores predicted mortality of patients with HF in a large rural healthcare system. Future study of these scores as initial clinical risk estimators for evaluating their utility in improving patient health outcomes and increasing cost effectiveness is warranted.
Sea of bodies: a medical discourse of the refugee crisis in Tears of Salt: A Doctor's Story.

In the memoir Tears of Salt: A Doctor’s Story, Pietro Bartolo (2018) relates visceral descriptions of illness, injury and death endured by refugees on their journey of escape to the shores of Lampedusa in the Mediterranean. The medical gaze of the doctor/author further complicates the political and philosophical discourse of mass migration, foregrounding and calling into question the myriad ways in which the migrating human body is subjugated to forms of structural violence that render it ungrievable and inhuman. The migrating body, a production of and outcast from nation-states, is destined to make its way to news outlets where its suffering is gazed upon, sympathised with and later forgotten about. The surge of images revealing the realities of migrating bodies afflicted with pain, disease, trauma and sexual assault is illustrative of the asymmetric power of biopolitics at work, in which some bodies are, according to the formulations of Judith Butler and Giorgio Agamben, allowed to die or made killable. This paper will examine issues of illness, death and dying in relation to Bartolo’s accounts of refugees in order to observe what is gained and what is lost in applying a medical gaze to the ‘refugee crisis’. In addition to the memoir, we examine the scholarship of violence against the refugee body, the realities of ignoring their pain and how these exploited bodies are portrayed within a global narrative. This article reconfigures the detachment between the human as a socially constructed centre of subjectivity and the body in pain. The corporeality of illness and death that migrants face positions them in an abject position and distances them farther from the rhetoric of human rights. The ontological being of these individuals in medical discourse rarely goes beyond acknowledging that it is normal and expected for these bodies to be in pain. In what ways can we in the humanities gear the discussion towards the raw physicality of fragmentation, distortion and rejection of refugees and immigrants? What role can such a view play in building an ethic of lasting care for the dispossessed? Our research addresses these questions through our reading of the memoir.
Psychodynamic Therapy: Conceptual and Empirical Foundations

Preface. Introduction. Part I: Theoretical Underpinnings. Basic Principles of Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Theory. The Evolution of Theory I: Drive, Ego, Object, and Self. The Evolution of Theory II: Integration and Expansion. Part II: Treatment Principles and Empirical Support. Basic Principles of Treatment. Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Theories and Empirical Studies of Therapeutic Action. Cognitive Neuroscience. Part III: Therapeutic Process. Diagnosis and Assessment. Case Study.
DNA Methylation and the Inactive X Chromosome of Mammals

In 1949 Barr and Bertram (1949) reported that the neurons of female cats contained a peculiar body of heterochromatin adjacent to the nuclear membrane which was absent in cells of the males. Later studies showed that many somatic cells of female mammals had this body. In 1960 Taylor using 3H-thymidine and autoradiography reported that the two X chromosomes of Chinese hamster females were different in the pattern of DNA replication. The long arm of one X, which is heterochromatic, is replicated late in S phase while the short euchromatic arm and the whole of the other X chromosome is replicated in the first half of the S phase. The single X in a culture of male somatic cells is replicated in the first half of S phase, similar to the early replicating X in female cells. At about the same time Lyon (1961), who had been studying the coat color variegation by a gene translocated from an autosome to the X chromosome in mice, explained her results on the hypothesis that one X chromosome is inactivated and that the heterochromatic Barr body represented that chromosome. She was unaware at that time of the difference in patterns of replication, but German (1962) who knew about the work on replication reported that one human X chromosome was late replicating and suggested the connection to the Barr body. Additional autoradiographic studies of replication patterns and karyotypes from humans with aberrant X or Y chromosomes showed that all but one X is late replicating in either females or males with two or more X chromosomes.
XIV. The heat developed during the absorption of electrons by platinum

(1910). XIV. The heat developed during the absorption of electrons by platinum. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 20, No. 115, pp. 173-206.
Efficient Construction of Globally Consistent Ladar Maps Using Pose Network Topology and Nonlinear Programming

Many instances of the mobile robot guidance mapping problem exhibit a topology that can be represented as a graph of nodes (observations) connected by edges (poses). We show that a cycle basis of this pose network can be used to generate the independent constraint equations in a natural constrained optimization formulation of the mapping problem. Explicit reasoning about the loop topology of the network can automatically generate such a cycle basis in linear time. Furthermore, in many practical cases, the pose network has sparse structure and the associated equations can then be solved in time linear in the number of images. This approach can be used to construct globally consistent maps on very large scales in very limited computation. While the technique is applicable to mapbuilding in general, and even optimization in general, it is illustrated here for batch processing of 2D ladar scans into a mobile robot guidance map.
Heterocyclic compounds—V

Abstract Ethoxyacetylene was added to 2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl isocyanate to yield 4-ethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxy-2-quinolone. N-Methylation of the quinolone followed by hydrolysis of the ethoxy group and treatment with diazomethane gave 4-methoxy-1-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-2-quinolone. This reaction sequence furnished a synthesis of the naturally occurring compound, casimiroin.
Basin Visual Estimation Technique (BVET) and representative reach approaches to wadeable stream surveys: Methodological limitations and future directions

Abstract Basin Visual Estimation Techniques (BVET) are used to estimate abundance for fish populations in small streams. With BVET, independent samples are drawn from natural habitat units in the stream rather than sampling “representative reaches.” This sampling protocol provides an alternative to traditional reach-level surveys, which are criticized for their lack of accuracy in estimating abundance at larger scales. BVET methodologies have been adopted and used by numerous government agencies for monitoring stream biota. Many of the assumptions of BVET methods, however, cannot be met in streams where they are being implemented because of unsuitable conditions for BVET surveys. Lack of bed control structures, variability in flow regimes, and lack of consistency among observers create difficulties in assessing habitat using BVET methods. BVET methods also are used to assess assemblage structure in streams although that was not the application for which they were originally designed. Representative reach ...
An Architecture Independent Approach to Emulating Computation Intensive Workload for Early Integration Testing of Enterprise DRE Systems

Enterprise distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems are increasingly using high-performance computing architectures, such as dual-core architectures, multi-core architectures, and parallel computing architectures, to achieve optimal performance. Performing system integration tests on such architectures in realistic operating environments during early phases of the software lifecycle, i.e. , before complete system integration time, is becoming more critical. This helps distributed system developers and testers evaluate and locate potential performance bottlenecks before they become too costly to locate and rectify. Traditional approaches either (1) rely heavility on simulation techiques or (2) are too low-level and fall outside the domain knowledge distributed system developers and testers. Consequently, it is hard for distributed system developers and testers to produce realistic operating conditions for early integration testing of such systems. This papers provides two contributions to facilitating early system integration testing of enterprise DRE systems. First, it provides a generalized technique for emulating computation intensive workload irrespective of the target architecture. Secondly, this paper illustrates how the emulation technique is used to evaluating different high-performance computing architectures in early phases of the software lifecycle. The technique presented in this paper is empirically and quantitatively evaluated in the context of a representative enterprise DRE system from the domain of shipboard computing environments.
Polarized distribution of Na+/H+ antiport and Na+/HCO3- cotransport in primary cultures of renal inner medullary collecting duct cells

Primary cultures of rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells were grown to confluence on glass coverslips and treated permeant supports, and the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2,7-biscarboxyethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein was employed to delineate the nature of the transport pathways that allowed for recovery from an imposed acid load in a HCO3-/CO2-buffered solution. The H+ efflux rate of acid-loaded cells was 13.44 +/- 0.94 mM/min. Addition of amiloride, 10(-4) M, to the recovery solution reduced the H+ efflux rate to 4.06 +/- 0.63 mM/min. The amiloride-resistant pHi recovery mechanism displayed an absolute requirement for Na+ but was Cl(-)-independent. Studies performed on permeable supports demonstrated that the latter pathway was located primarily on the basolateral-equivalent (BE) cell surface and was inhibited by 50 microM 4,4‘-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2‘-disulfonic acid (DIDS). In a Na(+)-replete solution containing DIDS (50 microM) and amiloride (10(-4) M), acid-loaded cells failed to return to basal pHi. To delineate further the amiloride-inhibitable component of pHi recovery, monolayers were studied in the nominal absence of HCO3-/CO2. In 70% of monolayers studied, Na(+)-dependent, amiloride-inhibitable H+ efflux was the sole mechanism whereby acid-loaded cells returned to basal pHi. A Na(+)-independent pathway was observed in 30% of monolayers examined and represented only a minor component of the pHi recovery process. In studies performed on permeable supports, the Na(+)-dependent amiloride-inhibitable pathway was found to be confined exclusively to the BE cell surface. In summary, confluent monolayers of rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells in primary culture possess two major mechanisms that contribute toward recovery from an imposed acid load, namely, Na+/H+ antiport and Na+/HCO3- cotransport. Na(+)-independent pHi recovery mechanisms represent a minor component of the pHi recovery process in the cultured cell. Both the Na+/H+ antiporter and Na+/HCO3- cotransporter are located primarily on the BE cell surface.
Auxin Transport: Down and Out and Up Again

Auxins are plant hormones that, among other things, allow roots to grow down in response to Earth9s gravitational field, and stems to bend toward the light. In his Perspective Jones discusses a flurry of papers in this issue of Science ( Galweiler et al.) and elsewhere, which now report the identities of the auxin transporters that are responsible for creating the internal gradients that direct these responses.
Development and Application of Compatible Discretizations of Maxwell’s Equations

We present the development and application of compatible finite element discretizations of electromagnetics problems derived from the time dependent, full wave Maxwell equations. We review the H(curl)-conforming finite element method, using the concepts and notations of differential forms as a theoretical framework. We chose this approach because it can handle complex geometries, it is free of spurious modes, it is numerically stable without the need for filtering or artificial diffusion, it correctly models the discontinuity of fields across material boundaries, and it can be very high order. Higher-order H(curl) and H(div) conforming basis functions are not unique and we have designed an extensible C++ framework that supports a variety of specific instantiations of these such as standard interpolatory bases, spectral bases, hierarchical bases, and semi-orthogonal bases. Virtually any electromagnetics problem that can be cast in the language of differential forms can be solved using our framework. For time dependent problems a method-of-lines scheme is used where the Galerkin method reduces the PDE to a semi-discrete system of ODE’s, which are then integrated in time using finite difference methods. For time integration of wave equations we employ the unconditionally stable implicit Newmark-Beta method, as well as the high order energy conserving explicit Maxwell Symplectic method; for diffusion equations, we employ a generalized Crank-Nicholson method. We conclude with computational examples from resonant cavity problems, time-dependent wave propagation problems, and transient eddy current problems, all obtained using the authors massively parallel computational electromagnetics code EMSolve.
Relations on Non-commutative Variables and Associated Orthogonal Polynomials

This semi-expository paper surveys results concerning three classes of orthogonal polynomials: in one non-hermitian variable, in several isometric non-commuting variables, and in several hermitian non-commuting variables. The emphasis is on some dilation theoretic techniques that are also described in some details.
Chapter 3 Naturally occurring halogenated pyrroles and Indoles

Publisher Summary This chapter describes naturally occurring halogenated pyrroles and indoles. More than 3800 naturally occurring organohalogen compounds are now known to exist, and new examples of these natural products continue to be discovered. This area has been extensively reviewed both in total and by individual organohalogen (organochlorine, organobromine, and organofluorine). Given the enormous reactivity of the n -excessive heterocycles pyrrole and indole towards electrophilic halogenation, it is not surprising that the biohalogenation of these heterocycles has led to a large number of natural halogenated pyrroles and indoles. The chapter focuses mainly on recent discoveries in this area that have not been previously reviewed as well as summarizes some of the classic examples of these fascinating natural products, some of which have extraordinary biological activity. In addition to halogenated pyrroles and indoles, the chapter includes carbazoles and carbolines.
Acción colectiva, espacio público y economía solidaria en el sur de Brasil

Resumen es: Este texto analiza el proceso de emergencia y organizacion de la economia solidaria en Brasil, tomando como referencia la experiencia del estado de Rio G...
Lamp-dip-like behavior in each spectral component of a spontaneously pulsing, single-mode, standing-wave gas laser

The optical spectra corresponding to complex intensity pulsation patterns near line-center tuning of single-mode, standing-wave gas lasers contain some simple indicators of the origins of their complexity. Heterodyne measurements show that on detuning of the laser the power density in each component of the optical spectrum undergoes a Lamb-dip-like reduction as it passes through resonance with the zero-velocity atoms. These observations help to explain the sensitive dependence of the dynamics of standing-wave gas lasers on detuning within the Lamp dip and distortions of the Lamb-dip shapes when the lasers are unstable.
Receptor, Ligand and Transducer Contributions to Dopamine D2 Receptor Functional Selectivity.

Functional selectivity (or biased agonism) is a property exhibited by some G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands, which results in the modulation of a subset of a receptor’s signaling capabilities and more precise control over complex biological processes. The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) exhibits pleiotropic responses to the biogenic amine dopamine (DA) to mediate complex central nervous system functions through activation of G proteins and β-arrestins. D2R is a prominent therapeutic target for psychological and neurological disorders in which DA biology is dysregulated and targeting D2R with functionally selective drugs could provide a means by which pharmacotherapies could be developed. However, factors that determine GPCR functional selectivity in vivo may be multiple with receptors, ligands and transducers contributing to the process. We have recently described a mutagenesis approach to engineer biased D2R mutants in which G protein-dependent ([Gprot]D2R) and β-arrestin-dependent signaling ([βarr]D2R) were successfully separated (Peterson, et al. PNAS, 2015). Here, permutations of these mutants were used to identify critical determinants of the D2R signaling complex that impart signaling bias in response to the natural or synthetic ligands. Critical residues identified in generating [Gprot]D2R and [βarr]D2R conferred control of partial agonism at G protein and/or β-arrestin activity. Another set of mutations that result in G protein bias was identified that demonstrated that full agonists can impart unique activation patterns, and provided further credence to the concept of ligand texture. Finally, the contributions and interplay between different transducers indicated that G proteins are not aberrantly activated, and that receptor kinase and β-arrestin activities are inextricably linked. These data provide a thorough elucidation of the feasibility and malleability of D2R functional selectivity and point to means by which novel in vivo therapies could be modeled.
Flow characteristics of large eruption-triggered debris flows at snow-clad volcanoes: constraints for debris-flow models

Abstract Theoretical modelling is not yet adequate to predict the behavior of debris flows, which can be an extremely hazardous hydrologic process commonly associated with volcanic eruptions, particularly at snow-clad stratovolcanoes. To provide a realistic basis for modelling the behavior of large (> 1000 m3/s) debris flows, this paper summarizes kinematic, volumetric and hydraulic characteristics of ten large historic volcanic debris flows from four different volcanoes. Although debris flows larger than these are known to have occurred in the past, the ten summarized here define a practical upper range in magnitude of more typical flows to be considered for future hazard prediction. Peak flow velocities of the ten debris flows studied were indirectly measured to be between about 5 and 20 m/s on gradients of 0.005 to 0.25 m/m, but locally they were as great as 40 m/s. Hydraulic (average) depths were as great as 25 m, but were more commonly between 5 and 15 m in channels up to 400 m wide. Computed peak discharges (volumetric flow rates) were as high as 105 m3/s, and total volumes were as much as 108 m3. Total flow volumes increased by as much as four times in relatively steep channels as eroded sediment was incorporated into the debris flows. Flows generally achieved supercritical flow and deposited minimal volumes of sediment on gradients steeper than 0.02 m/m. Subcritical flow and active deposition predominated on gradients less than 0.01 m/m, although flows travelled tens of kilometers on such low gradients while laying down deposits. Total distances travelled (as debris flows) were as far as 120 km.
Abstract 4524: Designer nanoparticles for selective targeting of multiple myeloma and overcoming CAM-DR.

In the continuing search for effective treatments for cancer, here we report the targeting and efficacy studies pursued with a designer multifunctional nanoparticle that combines traditional chemotherapy with cell targeting and anti-cellular-adhesion functionalities to selectively target multiple myeloma (MM) cells and overcome cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR). Anti-cellular-adhesion evolves as a promising target in oncology. VLA-4-mediated adhesion to the bone marrow extracellular matrix and stromal cells confers MM cells with CAM-DR. In our design, we used micellar nanoparticles as dynamic self-assembling scaffolds to present VLA-4-antagonist peptides and doxorubicin conjugates simultaneously to selectively target MM cells and to overcome CAM-DR. Doxorubicin was conjugated to the nanoparticles through an pH-sensitive hydrazone bond to prevent premature release and thus non-specific toxicity. Peptides were conjugated via a multifaceted synthetic procedure for generating highly effective targeting. Each component of the nanoparticle was purified to >98% purity prior to particle formation, and by controlling the stoichiometries of each component during particle formation, we were able to precisely control the number of targeting functionalities per nanoparticle. The nanoparticles, which exhibited a size of ∼20nm, were efficiently internalized by MM cells with an optimal peptide valency of 20 per micelle, and induced cytotoxicity to MM cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticles induced DNA double strand breaks as evidenced by H2AX phosphorylation, and triggered apoptosis, which was associated with PARP and caspase-8 cleavage. Importantly, multifunctional nanoparticles were more efficacious than doxorubicin in the presence of fibronectin (IC50=0.15±0.04 μM and 0.42±0.09 μM, respectively), and overcame CAM-DR induced by adherence of MM cells to fibronectin. Finally, in a MM xenograft model, nanoparticles preferentially homed to MM tumors, with a ∼10 fold more drug accumulation when compared to doxorubicin, and demonstrated dramatic tumor growth inhibition with much reduced overall systemic toxicity. Taken together, we demonstrate the disease-driven engineering of a nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, enabling the model of an integrative approach in the treatment of MM. Citation Format: Tanyel Kiziltepe, Jonathan Ashley, Jared Stefanick, Basar Bilgicer. Designer nanoparticles for selective targeting of multiple myeloma and overcoming CAM-DR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4524
Spherical earth gravity and magnetic anomaly analysis by equivalent point source inversion

To facilitate geologic interpretation of satellite elevation potential field data, analysis techniques are developed and verified in the spherical domain that are commensurate with conventional flat earth methods of potential field interpretation. A powerful approach to the spherical earth problem relates potential field anomalies to a distribution of equivalent point sources by least squares matrix inversion. Linear transformations of the equivalent source field lead to corresponding geoidal anomalies, pseudo-anomalies, vector anomaly components, spatial derivatives, continuations, and differential magnetic pole reductions. A number of examples using 1 deg-averaged surface free-air gravity anomalies of POGO satellite magnetometer data for the United States, Mexico, and Central America illustrate the capabilities of the method.
Probing the Escherichia coli transcriptional activator MarA using alanine-scanning mutagenesis: residues important for DNA binding and activation.

The MarA transcriptional activator binds to a 20 bp asymmetric degenerate sequence (marbox) located at different positions and orientations within the promoters of the genes of the Escherichia coli mar regulon. Solution of the MarA-marbox X-ray crystallographic structure suggested the presence of base-specific and non-specific interactions between the marbox and two helix-turn-helix (HTH) motifs on the monomeric MarA. Here, we use alanine-scanning mutagenesis and DNA retardation analysis to: (i) evaluate the contacts between MarA and the marboxes of five differently configured mar regulon promoters; (ii) assess the role of conserved hydrophobic amino acid residues for MarA activity; and (iii) identify residues required for RNA polymerase activation. These analyses revealed that the phosphate-backbone contacts and hydrogen bonds with the bases of the marbox are more significant for DNA binding than are the van der Waals interactions. While both N and C-terminal HTH motifs make essential contributions to binding site affinity, MarA is more sensitive to alterations in the N-terminal HTH. In a similar way, the activity of MarA is more sensitive to alterations in the hydrophobic core of this HTH. Solvent-exposed amino acid residues located at many positions on the MarA surface are important for activity. Some of these residues affect activity on all promoters and thus, are implicated in maintaining MarA structure whereas several solvent-exposed amino acids not involved in DNA binding were important for MarA activity on specific promoters. The pattern of activation defects defined a class II promoter-specific activating region. However, a localized class I activating region was not apparent. These results suggest that MarA activates transcription by at least two distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, the important role of phosphate contacts in marbox affinity suggests that indirect readout contributes to binding site recognition by MarA.