cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adolescent alcohol exposure epigenetically regulates CREB signaling in the adult amygdala.

Binge alcohol drinking in adolescence leads to increased risk for alcohol use and other psychiatric disorders in adulthood. The transcription factor cAMP-response element binding (CREB) protein is involved in the neuronal response to adult ethanol exposure, but its role in the enduring effects of adolescent alcohol exposure in adulthood is unknown. We exposed male rats to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) or saline (AIS) during post-natal days 28–41 and evaluated the epigenetic regulation of CREB dynamics in the adult amygdala. A subset of these adult rats was exposed to an acute ethanol challenge. AIE decreased CREB, phosphorylated CREB, CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 protein levels in adult amygdaloid brain structures. AIE exposure also causes deficits in Creb1, Cbp, and p300 mRNA expression in the amygdala of AIE adult rats which are normalized after acute ethanol exposure. Interestingly, occupancy of acetylated histone H3K9/14 proteins at specific locations in the Creb1, Cbp, and p300 gene promoter regions was decreased in the amygdala of AIE adult rats and was normalized by acute ethanol exposure. These results suggest that AIE exposure epigenetically reduces CREB and other related transcriptional activators in the amygdala in adulthood that may be associated with the behavioral effects of adolescent alcohol exposure.
Isolation and characterization of plasmid DNA from Propionibacterium

30 INTRODUCTION 31 MATERIALS AND METHODS 33 RESULTS 42 DISCUSSION 58 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 62 LITERATURE CITED 63 MANUSCRIPT II. 67 CHARACTERIZATION OF Propionibacterium PLASMIDS ABSTRACT 69 INTRODUCTION 70 MATERIALS AND METHODS 73 RESULTS 83 DISCUSSION 103 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 107 LITERATURE CITED 10869 INTRODUCTION 70 MATERIALS AND METHODS 73 RESULTS 83 DISCUSSION 103 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 107 LITERATURE CITED 108
An Aqueous Lithium Salt Self-Cooled Blanket and Shield for ITER

A low cost low risk tritium breeding concept has been developed for ITER. This concept is based on dissolving lithium compounds in the water coolant. This makes it possible to breed tritium in all the shield zones, and results in tritium self-efficiency as well as enhanced magnet protection. The design that maximizes the outboard tritium breeding ratio utilizes a 40 cm thick zone of Be balls followed by an 80 cm thick zone of steel balls. Single size balls are used to minimize the pressure drop. The overall TBR excluding tritium bred in the test modules is 1.1. The inlet coolant temperature is 40/sup 0/C and the temperature rise is 15/sup 0/C in the first wall and 35/sup 0/C in the blanket.
A Decade after Disney : A Primer on Good and Bad Faith

Nearly ten years after the end of the highly-publicized Disney trial, commentators still disagree about the precise contours of good and bad faith in Delaware corporate law. Yet, there also is much scholarly agreement. Further, despite the outpouring of articles that followed upon the heels of the Disney litigation, some aspects of good and bad faith remain largely unexplored by commentators. Moreover, the academic literature does not clearly recognize that the Delaware courts have definitively settled certain issues regarding the relationship between good and bad faith. A decade after Disney, it is worth summarizing the settled law of good and bad faith -- including its unexplored and unrecognized aspects -- in one place. This Article does just that. First, this Article synthesizes the established law of good and bad faith into a coherent primer, covering all the basics about which there is little dispute while avoiding any intractable scholarly debates. Second, this Article addresses topics that have not been discussed in detail in the scholarly literature, including how to prove bad faith and the effect of management having mixed motives that include bad faith. Third, this Article clarifies, once and for all, that good and bad faith are binary opposites.
Seizure-related crashes: Driving without a roadmap

Of all issues affecting people with epilepsy, driving is among the most important. In fact, the number one rationale as to why a patient with epilepsy will undergo epilepsy surgery is the promise that he or she can potentially drive at some point in the future.1 The rationale is simple: except for certain densely populated large cities (such as New York City or Chicago), mass transportation options do not adequately satisfy the needs of most people. Thus, driving becomes essential for work, school, and socialization in these locations. Driving becomes synonymous with independence and overall quality of life.
Haitian Annual Conference on Orthopaedic Traumatology: Building Surgical Capacity Through Academic Collaboration.

The Assemblee Annuelle Haitienne de Traumatologie Orthopedique (Haitian Annual Conference on Orthopaedic Traumatology) is an international orthopaedic conference, conducted each Spring in Haiti in French and English. It brings together most of Haiti's practicing orthopaedic surgeons, trainees from Haiti's 3 residency training programs, and a visiting faculty from overseas. The Haitian Annual Conference on Orthopaedic Traumatology has become an unexpected cornerstone of 1 program to support and nurture the development of orthopaedic surgery in that country.
Quantifying the effects of background babble on preschool children’s novel word learning in a multi-session paradigm

Common daily environments often contain background noise, such as background talkers, that may impose challenges on auditory based learning, including the learning of new words. Extant data on the effects of background noise on novel word learning, however, have shown mixed results. One possible reason for this observation is that most studies assess the effect of background noise in a single session. The present study aimed to add to this body of work by employing a multi-session paradigm to explore the effects of background babble, presented at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio, on novel word learning in 3-year-old children (n = 8). Children were exposed to two stories presented digitally, each story containing four novel CVC words. Children were exposed to both stories, one in quiet and one in the presence of four-talker babble. After each story, receptive word learning was quantified with a four-alternative-forced-choice task, and expressive word learning was quantified by the number of novel labels correctly produced when their corresponding objects were shown to the children. Results suggested that children’s receptive and expressive word learning improved by session; however, greater improvement was observed for the words exposed in quiet. The results and their implications will be further discussed.Common daily environments often contain background noise, such as background talkers, that may impose challenges on auditory based learning, including the learning of new words. Extant data on the effects of background noise on novel word learning, however, have shown mixed results. One possible reason for this observation is that most studies assess the effect of background noise in a single session. The present study aimed to add to this body of work by employing a multi-session paradigm to explore the effects of background babble, presented at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio, on novel word learning in 3-year-old children (n = 8). Children were exposed to two stories presented digitally, each story containing four novel CVC words. Children were exposed to both stories, one in quiet and one in the presence of four-talker babble. After each story, receptive word learning was quantified with a four-alternative-forced-choice task, and expressive word learning was quantified by the number of novel labels correctl...
Communication Skills Training for Surgical Inpatient Advanced Practice Providers in an Academic Health-Care System.

Background:Good communication skills enhance the patient experience, clinical outcomes, and patient satisfaction.Objective:A course was developed by an interdisciplinary team (surgeon, nurse practi...
Adjacency and Case Morphology in Scottish Gaelic

Legate (2008) proposes that the postsyntactic component of the grammar plays an important role in morphological case phenomena. Therefore, it is predicted that postsyntactic processes like Linearization may affect morphological case assignment. I argue that this prediction is correct by demonstrating that prepositional case in Scottish Gaelic is assigned solely under linear adjacency with P. To account for this, I propose that Morphological Case Assignment is a postsyntactic process derivationally ordered after Linearization, as in Arregi and Nevins 2012. This accounts for several typologically rare properties, such as the presence of closest conjunct case.
Collective self-experimentation in patient-led research: How online health communities foster innovation.

Abstract Researchers across academia, government, and private industry increasingly value patient-led research for its ability to produce quick results from large samples of the population. This study examines the role played by self-experimentation in the production of health data collected in these projects. We ask: How does the collaborative context of online health communities, with their ability to facilitate far-reaching collaborations over time and space, transform the practice and epistemological foundations of engaging in n = 1 experimentation? We draw from a digital ethnography of an online patient-led research movement, in which participants engage in self-experiments to develop a protocol for using psilocybe-containing mushrooms as a treatment for cluster headache, an excruciating neurological disease for which there is little medical research and huge unmet treatment need. We find that the collectivizing features of the internet have collectivized self-experimentation. Group dynamics shape everything in “collective self-experimentation,” from individual choices of intervention, reporting of outcomes, data analysis, determinations of efficacy, to embodiment. This study raises important questions about the role that individuals play in the creation of medical knowledge and the data that informs crowdsourced research.
Galileo and Albertus Magnus

Albert the Great is justly regarded as one of the outstanding forerunners of modern science in the High Middle Ages. His contributions to all branches of learning earned for him the title of Doctor universalis, and he was heralded as “the Great” even in his own lifetime. Particularly noteworthy was his encyclopedic presentation, in Latin, of the scientific knowledge of the Greeks deriving especially from Aristotle and from his Greek and Arab commentators. To this corpus Albert himself added entire treatises based on personal observations of the heavens and of the mineral, plant, and animal kingdoms. From our vantage point in time we can therefore see him as a conserver and transmitter of the scientific knowledge of antiquity and of Islam, who also contributed to the advancement of science in his day, and who should, on both counts, be regarded as one of the key figures in the revival of learning within the thirteenth century (DSB 1: 99–103).
Up-to-date role of biologics in the management of respiratory syncytial virus

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in young children and a substantial contributor to respiratory tract disease throughout life. Despite ...
Digital interventions in drama therapy offer a virtual playspace but also raise concern

This special issue was assembled before the height of the COVID-19 pandemic Recent measures involving social distancing encouraged by the World Health Organization and national governments have necessitated an unprecedented shift to online platforms for nearly all spheres of social life including work, schooling and healthcare Drama therapists who have been offering services online have been generous in sharing insights, drama therapy educators have been collaborating on ways of translating training, and digital venues for therapeutic performance have emerged Necessity is indeed the mother of invention We have much work ahead of us but the creativity, spontaneity, playfulness and commitment of this community to accessible and effective care will take us forward It is our hope at DTR that this issue might offer additional insights and resources to meet the needs of these times © 2020 Intellect Ltd Editorial English language
Coronavirus3D: 3D structural visualization of COVID-19 genomic divergence.

Author(s): Sedova, Mayya; Jaroszewski, Lukasz; Alisoltani, Arghavan; Godzik, Adam | Abstract: MotivationAs the COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving with mutations that potentially change and fine-tune functions of the proteins coded in its genome.ResultsCoronavirus3D website integrates data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutations with information about 3D structures of its proteins, allowing users to visually analyze the mutations in their 3D context.Availability and implementationCoronavirus3D server is freely available at https://coronavirus3d.org.
Epigenetic Therapies for Cancer.

Epigenetic Therapies for Cancer Cancer-cell biology is dictated by alterations in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Mechanisms underlying these regulators are increasingly being elucidated,...
Long-term oral administration of a novel estrogen receptor beta agonist enhances memory and alleviates drug-induced vasodilation in young ovariectomized mice.

Abstract Development of estrogen therapies targeting the β (ERβ) but not α (ERα) estrogen receptor is critically needed for the treatment of negative menopausal symptoms, as ERα activation increases health risks like cancer. Here, we determined the effects of long-term oral treatment with EGX358, a novel highly selective ERβ agonist, on memory, vasodilation, and affect in young ovariectomized mice. Mice were orally gavaged daily for 9 weeks with vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2), the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN), or EGX358 at doses that enhance memory when delivered acutely. Tail skin temperature was recorded as a proxy for vasodilation following injection of vehicle or senktide, a tachykinin receptor 3 agonist used to model hot flashes. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM), and depression-like behavior was measured in the tail suspension (TST) and forced swim tests (FST). Finally, memory was assessed in object recognition (OR) and object placement (OP) tasks. E2, DPN, and EGX358 reduced senktide-mediated increases in tail skin temperature compared to vehicle. All three treatments also enhanced memory in the OR and OP tasks, whereas vehicle did not. Although E2 increased time spent in the center of the OF, no other treatment effects were observed in the OF, EPM, TST, or FST. These data suggest that long-term ERβ activation can reduce hot flash-like symptoms and enhance spatial and object recognition memories in ovariectomized mice. Thus, the highly selective ERβ agonist EGX358 may be a promising avenue for reducing menopause-related hot flashes and memory dysfunction.
Taking Posterity Seriously: Future Generations' Unalienable Environmental Rights

Although the U.S. Constitution was ordained to “ourselves and our Posterity,” the type of representative democracy currently practiced under that document invites disregard of, and discrimination against, the interests of future generations, who have no present political representation. Legislative failure to adequately address the current climate crisis has prompted renewed interest in the potential of existing constitutional language to shield later generations from irreversible harm to critical natural resources. Some scholars are naturally skeptical that protections from modern environmental problems may fairly be derived from language that pre-dates the modern technology responsible for those problems. However, a close examination of the American founders’ intergenerational philosophy and their unique approach to the concept of “unalienable rights” reveals that 1) the founders were deeply concerned with intergenerational justice; 2) they framed their discussions of these principles in terms of natural resource stewardship values; and 3) these concerns were deeply, historically intertwined with the due process language that has served as the traditional source for judicial recognition of unenumerated constitutional rights.
Rationale for the Design and Implementation of Interventions Addressing Institutional Racism at a Local Public Health Department.

Purpose: The Bureau of Communicable Disease (BCD) at the New York City De­partment of Health and Mental Hygiene developed and implemented a multi-level intervention to: 1) establish bureau-wide race consciousness; 2) provide opportunities to examine the contemporary manifesta­tions of racism impacting institutions and communities; 3) develop praxis applying a racial equity and social justice lens to communicable disease surveillance; and 4) center the experiences of Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) staff. Methods: A staff committee designed and implemented a multipronged initiative grounded in Public Health Critical Race (PHCR) praxis. The findings from a qualita­tive report focused on the experiences of POC staff formed the basis of the initiative. Results: Three major themes were identi­fied in the report (Microaggressions Report) as fac­tors that resulted in institutional inequities within the workplace: race-based biases in promotion of staff; lack of opportunity shar­ing for professional growth; and dominant power relations silencing the voices of POC staff. Based on findings from the Microag­gressions Report, BCD designed and implemented seven interventions including: 1) Racial Identity Caucusing; 2) Multimedia Learning; 3) All-staff Workshops; 4) Social Breakout Committee; 5) Surveillance and Data Equity; 6) Core Values Development; and 7) Committee for Hiring, Retention and Promotion. Conclusion: We describe the rationale, de­sign, and implementation of a multipronged intervention at a local health department as a strategy to address institutional racism. The creation of a Microaggressions Report and the PHCR methodology framed our ongoing effort to improve workplace culture and promote equitable opportunities for POC staff. Ethn Dis . 2021;31(Suppl 1):365-374; doi:10.18865/ed.31.S1.365
Efficiency of removal of whey protein from sweet whey using polymeric microfiltration membranes.

ABSTRACT Our objective was to measure whey protein removal percentage from separated sweet whey using spiral-wound (SW) polymeric microfiltration (MF) membranes using a 3-stage, 3× process at 50°C and to compare the performance of polymeric membranes with ceramic membranes. Pasteurized, separated Cheddar cheese whey (1,080 kg) was microfiltered using a polymeric 0.3-μm polyvinylidene (PVDF) fluoride SW membrane and a 3×, 3-stage MF process. Cheese making and whey processing were replicated 3 times. There was no detectable level of lactoferrin and no intact α- or β-casein detected in the MF permeate from the 0.3-μm SW PVDF membranes used in this study. We found BSA and IgG in both the retentate and permeate. The β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) partitioned between retentate and permeate, but β-LG passage through the membrane was retarded more than α-LA because the ratio of β-LG to α-LA was higher in the MF retentate than either in the sweet whey feed or the MF permeate. About 69% of the crude protein present in the pasteurized separated sweet whey was removed using a 3×, 3-stage, 0.3-μm SW PVDF MF process at 50°C compared with 0.1-μm ceramic graded permeability MF that removed about 85% of crude protein from sweet whey. The polymeric SW membranes used in this study achieve approximately 20% lower yield of whey protein isolate (WPI) and a 50% higher yield of whey protein phospholipid concentrate (WPPC) under the same MF processing conditions as ceramic MF membranes used in the comparison study. Total gross revenue from the sale of WPI plus WPPC produced with polymeric versus ceramic membranes is influenced by both the absolute market price for each product and the ratio of market price of these 2 products. The combination of the market price of WPPC versus WPI and the influence of difference in yield of WPPC and WPI produced with polymeric versus ceramic membranes yielded a price ratio of WPPC versus WPI of 0.556 as the cross over point that determined which membrane type achieves higher total gross revenue return from production of these 2 products from separated sweet whey. A complete economic engineering study comparison of the WPI and WPPC manufacturing costs for polymeric versus ceramic MF membranes is needed to determine the effect of membrane material selection on long-term processing costs, which will affect net revenue and profit when the same quantity of sweet whey is processed under various market price conditions.
Ethiopian Foreign Policy: A Weak State or a Regional Hegemon?:

When foreign policies of states are examined, pride of place often goes to what are called high politics: the politics of diplomacy and war. However, for most developing nations, especially those i...
URMC-099 Prophylaxis Repairs Hippocampal Vascular Damage in an Orthopedic Model of Delirium Superimposed on Dementia

Systemic perturbations can drive a neuroimmune cascade after surgical trauma, including affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), activating microglia, and contributing to cognitive deficits such as delirium. Delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD) is a particularly debilitating complication that renders the brain further vulnerable to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, albeit these molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we have used an orthopedic model of tibial fracture/fixation in APPSwDI/mNos2-/- AD (CVN-AD) mice to investigate relevant pathogenetic mechanisms underlying DSD. We conducted the present study in 6 months-old CVN-AD mice, an age at which we speculated amyloid-{beta} pathology had not saturated BBB and neuroimmune functioning. We found that URMC-099, our brain-penetrant anti-inflammatory neuroprotective drug, prevented inflammatory endothelial activation, synapse loss, and microglial activation in our DSD model. Taken together, our data link post-surgical endothelial activation, microglial MafB immunoreactivity, and synapse loss as key substrates for DSD, all of which can be reversed by URMC-099.
High-Precision Precharge Control Circuit for SRAM in Convolutional Neural Network Processor

This paper proposals a high precision pre-charge control circuit for SRAM used in convolutional neural network (CNN) processors. The control circuit has a precision of 1 ps and can be easily adjusted by changing the number of buffers in the delay cell and the tristate buffer sizes. A 1 KB CNN processor SRAM is designed and simulated to further verify our design concepts. Layout area overhead are also analyzed for the proposed control circuit.
Why Cows Need Names and More Secrets of Amish Farms. By Randy James.

Popular curiosity about the Old Order Amish is greater than ever before. Countless publications and other media products—from rigorously researched scholarly studies to Amish-themed romance novels ...
MONOZYGOTIC TWINS CONCORDANT FOR VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS. CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN MONOZYGOTIC TWINS.

Abstract An instance of monozygotic twins concordant for a ventricular septal defect is reported, apparently for the first time. Both underwent successful open heart surgery. The literature concerning congenital heart disease in monozygotic twins has been reviewed and the cases tabulated employing various criteria for monozygosity. Evidence for monozygosity was similar physical appearance, like sex, and identical blood factors, including ABO, MNS, Rhesus, Duffy, P, Kidd, Kell, Lewis, Lutheran, Xg and Sutter.
The Schwinger Variational Method

Variational methods have proven to be invaluable tools in theoretical physics and chemistry, both for bound state problems and for the study of collision phenomena. For collisional problems variational methods can be grouped into two types, those based on the Schrodinger equation and those based on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. The Hulthen-Kohn1–3 method belongs to the first type, and their modern development for electron-molecule scattering, incorporating complex boundary conditions, is reported in chapter 1 of this book by Rescigno et al.4 An offshoot of the Hulthen-Kohn variational method is the variational R-matrix method.5, 6 In chapter 8 of this book Schneider7 presents a general discussion of the R-matrix method, including the variational R-matrix.
Job level risk assessment using task level ACGIH hand activity level TLV scores: a pilot study.

Existing upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder analytical tools are primarily intended for single or mono-task jobs. However, many jobs contain more than 1 task and some include job rotation. This case/control study investigates methods of modifying an existing tool, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Hand Activity Level (HAL) Threshold Limit Value (TLV), to assess the upper extremity risk of multi-task jobs. Various methods of combining the task differences and ratios into a job level assessment were explored. Two methods returned significant odds ratios, (p < .05) of 18.0 (95% CI 1.8–172) and 12.0 (95% CI 1.2–120). These results indicate that a modified ACGIH HAL TLV may provide insight into the work-related risk of multi-task jobs. Further research is needed to optimize this process.
An analysis of voter predictive dimensions and recovery of the underlying issue space

Based on the spatial voting model posited by Enelow and Hinich, this paper presents a means of determining the nature of the issue dimensions used by voters. This method allows for calculation of the extent to which the predictive dimensions recover the underlying issues space. Of particular interest is the extent to which a single predictive dimension can recover the issue space. The method also suggests that Enelow and Hinich are correct in their hypothesis that the social liberal-conservative axis and the economic liberal-conservative axis are the dimensions most used by the electorate.
The danger of cervical erosion

Abstract In the light of our present knowledge of those factors which seem to play an important part in the causation of cancer of the cervix, too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the value of the eradication of all sources of chronic irritation and traumatism. Lacerations of the cervix following childbirth, when not repaired in anatomic restoration along with the chronic secondary infections which occur in every instance, are productive of the various types of cervical erosions. In-asmuch as these erosions are always the source of chronic irritation, it would seem that more attention should be given to the cervix immediately after delivery as a prophylaxis in the treatment of this condition. In those patients in which immediate repair has not been accomplished and the pathology of the cervix has become chronic, the local condition should be viewed as a definite source of danger and treated accordingly.
INFLUENCE OF METAL IONS ON SUBSTRATE BINDING AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF MAMMALIAN PROTEIN GERANYLGERANYLTRANSFERASE TYPE-I

Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type-I (GGTase-I) transfers a geranylgeranyl group from the prenyl donor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to the cysteine residue of substrate proteins containing a C-terminal CaaX-motif (a sequence motif of proteins consisting of an invariant Cys residue fourth from the C-terminus). The GGTase-I heterodimer contains one atom of zinc, and this metal is required for enzyme activity. In this regard, GGTase-I is similar to the related enzyme protein farnesyltransferase (FTase); the latter enzyme also requires Mg2+ for activity. The current studies were undertaken in an attempt to explore further the role of bivalent metal ions in the activity of GGTase-I. Surprisingly, we found that GGTase-I and FTase have different metal requirements. Specifically, in marked contrast to FTase, GGTase-I does not require Mg2+ for activity. Direct binding assays, including a novel fluorescence-based technique, were employed to obtain quantitative information on the interaction of substrates with GGTase-I. Using these assays, we demonstrate that the Zn2+ in GGTase-I is required for peptide, but not for isoprenoid, substrate binding. Moreover, binding of GGPP protects GGTase-I from inactivation by zinc-chelating reagents; this protective effect is not seen with binding of peptide substrates. Metal substitution studies show that the Zn2+ in GGTase-I can be replaced by Cd2+, and that the Cd form of GGTase-I has altered specificity with regard to utilization of both peptide and isoprenoid substrates. The significance of these findings in relation to proposed mechanisms for the GGTase-I reaction is discussed.
Differential effects of interferon gamma and alpha on in vitro model of angiogenesis

The formation of blood vessels in vivo (angiogenesis) is an important process and is usually initiated in response to injury, tumor growth, or normal tissue development. We have studied the effect of human interferon (IFN) alpha (alpha) and gamma (gamma) on the capillary-like network formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When HUVEC cells are plated on Matrigel (reconstituted basement membrane matrix enriched in laminin), a network of capillary like structures (endotubes) rapidly forms. IFN-alpha enhanced the tube formation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas IFN-gamma significantly inhibited the tube formation. In addition, both the enhancement and inhibition of angiogenesis by IFN-alpha and gamma was found to be greater if the cells were pretreated with IFN for 12 hr before plating on the Matrigel. These results suggest that IFN may play an important role in several vascular processes including early stages of wound healing, recanalization of thrombi, tumor growth, metastasis, normal growth, and development.
Patching the gaps in Hedgehog signalling

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays central roles in animal development and stem-cell function. Defects in Hh signalling lead to birth defects and cancer in humans. The first and often genetically damaged step in this pathway is the interaction between two membrane proteins - Patched (Ptc), encoded by a tumour suppressor gene, and Smoothened (Smo), encoded by a proto-oncogene. Recent work linking Hh signalling to sterol metabolites and protein-trafficking events at the primary cilium promises to shed light on the biochemical basis of how Patched inhibits Smoothened, and to provide new avenues for cancer treatment.
Predicting Effectiveness of HO Injection for NO Reduction in Stationary Gas Turbines

Water or steam injection in stationary gas turbines with conventional combustors is a well-established technique for NOx emissions control, but development programs to establish the best inert insertion method are time consuming and expensive. A model previously calibrated with e elded, heavy-duty combustion turbines is applied here to an industrial gas turbine, and the resulting quite accurate predictions of NO x reduction cone rm that an optimum cone guration has also been selected for the latter. Lowering of stoichiometric e ame temperature by evaporation and dilution is the governing process considered in the model. However, this model fails to account for the nitrous oxide route to NO formation and does not explain a measured trend that inert injection becomes slightly more effective as engine power output is increased. Thus, a second model including both Zeldovich and nitrous oxide pathways is introduced. When the calibration and prediction processes are repeated for the three engines considered, an explanation for the second-order effect on NO x reduction is suggested: kinetic, e ame-front O-atom overshoot vs equilibrium decreases with increasing engine load, so that less NO formation occurs via the nitrous oxide route as combustion pressure rises.
Effect of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance on the thermal tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Abstract The ability of pH-dependent, stationary phase acid resistance to cross-protect Escherichia coli O157:H7 against a subsequent lethal thermal stress was evaluated using microbiological media and three liquid foods. Three strains were grown for 18 h at 37°C in acidogenic (TSB+G, final pH 4·6–4·7) and non-acidogenic (TSB-G, final pH 7·0–7·2) media to provide stationary phase cells with and without induction of pH-dependent acid resistance. The cells were then heated in BHI broth (pH 6·0) at 58°C, using a submerged coil apparatus. The TSB+G grown strains had greatly increased heat resistance, with the heating time needed to achieve a five-log inactivation, being increased two- to four-fold. The z -values of TSB+G and TSB-G grown cells were 4·7°C and 4·3°C, respectively. Increases in heat resistance with TSB+G-grown E. coli O157:H7 were also observed using milk and chicken broth, but not with apple juice. However, cross-protection was restored if the pH of the apple juice was increased from 3·5 to 4·5. The data indicate that pH-dependent acid resistance provides E. coli O157:H7 with cross-protection against heat treatments, and that this factor must be considered to estimate this pathogen's thermal tolerance accurately.
Does physical or acoustical disturbance cause male pickerel frogs, Rana palustris, to vocalize underwater?

Male pickerel frogs ( Rana palustris ) vocalize both above water and underwater. Males have a complex vocal repertoire consisting of an advertisement call and two additional call types (i.e., aggressive calls) that can be elicited by the playback of a conspecific advertisement call. Additionally, in a previous study, males in these playbacks often dove and vocalized underwater for a few minutes before returning to the surface. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether physical or acoustical disturbance cause male pickerel frogs to call underwater. Experimental manipulations were performed with resident males that, initially, were calling above water. In the first, 16 males were physically disturbed with the intent to make them dive underwater. Eleven of these began to call underwater within 10 to 95 seconds and continued for up to four minutes before returning to calling above water. The second experiment involved playbacks in which males were disturbed acoustically by two minutes of continuous advertisement calling from either one Bufo americanus or Pseudacris crucifer male. Only one of 15 males dove and then called underwater in response to B. americanus calls even though most subjects emitted aggressive calls during the test period, and no male called underwater in response to P. crucifer calls ( n = 13). In conclusion, male pickerel frogs will shift to underwater calling in response to a physical disturbance, but do not shift in response to the sounds of one heterospecific caller.
Construct Validity of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities for a Clinic Population.

The construct validity of the 10 primary ITPA subtests was investigated on a clinic population of 91 (66 males, 25 female) learning disabled children. Construct validity was determined by the degree to which each subtest measured discrete, independent abilities and the extent of subtest relationship to academic subject areas. Results via factor analysis and correlational analyses generally support the independence of the channel dimension, i.e., visual vs. auditory. While the process dimension, i.e., receptive, expressive, and associative, was not found to be an independent measure, the dimension of levels, i.e., representational vs. automatic, was substantiated for this clinical population. Implications of discrepancies in the channel dimension are discussed.
Blood cell transport and aggregation using discrete ellipsoidal particles

Abstract A computational model is presented for efficient mesoscale simulation of the transport, collision and aggregation of blood cells, which can be applied to examine red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes, or platelets in various types of blood flows in which the fluid length scale is substantially larger than the particle length scale. This method is intended to be intermediate between microscale models, which examine deformation and flow around a small number of individual blood cells, and more phenomenological continuum models. The computational model utilizes a particle approximation for the blood cells and introduces other physically-justifiable approximations in order to accommodate computations with large numbers of cells. For instance, the non-spherical RBC and platelet shape is incorporated into the model by use of ellipsoidal particles. A novel method based on particle level-surfaces is presented for rapid identification of particle collision. It is shown that receptor–ligand binding between the cells can be modeled under certain conditions using a formulation that is mathematically similar to van der Waals adhesion of particles, but in which the surface energy density is variable in time. The method is demonstrated to provide computations of the interaction and adhesion of over 13,000 red-blood-cell particles on an ordinary workstation. These computations exhibit formation of chain-like rouleaux aggregates, modification of rouleaux structure due to shear flow, and capture and/or breakup of colliding rouleaux. The model predictions are examined for rouleaux size distribution in channel flow in comparison to experimental data, as well as for the effect of RBC aggregation on margination of white blood cells and platelets in channel flows.
EFFECT OF MATRIX CRACKING ON STIFFNESS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES

ABSTRACT Effects of matrix cracking on the sitiffness of composite laminates were investigated. Laminate stiffness reduction caused by matrix cracking was predicted by a finite element model, and the prediction was compared with some existing analytical models and available experimental data. The effective moduli of a cracked layer in a composite laminate were studied. It was found that normalized crack density (thickness of the cracked layer/crack spacing) is a more critical parameter to characterize matrix cracking damage; location of the cracked layer in a laminate has negligible effect on its effective moduli; and orientation of the constraining sublaminate has considerable influence on the effective moduli of the cracked layer. An experimental method to investigate effective shear modulus of a cracked layer was also presented, and the test results were compared with predictions by the finite element model and other existing models.
Acute and chronic toxicity of chymotrypsin in rats

The LD50 of chymotrypsin in rats was found to be 65.1 ≠ 2.3 mg./Kg. by intraperitoneal injection. Chronic experiments were also carried out in which chymotrypsin was administered subcutaneously at four different dosage levels on alternate days for a period of four weeks. No evidence of toxicity was observed by gross and histological examination of tissues from these animals.
Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviours

Senior travellers aged 50 and over served as the focus for an integrated exploration of tourism activities and shopping behaviours. The twofold purpose of the research was to develop profiles of senior travellers based on travel activities and to augment the profiles by comparing and contrasting tourists on shopping variables. Previous scholarship on tourist segmentation, tourism shopping and senior travellers informed the research. A sample of 146 travellers responded to a mail survey addressing their preferences for travel activities and a variety of shopping behaviours during travel. Travel activities factored into outdoors, cultural and sports and entertainment tourism. Factors encompassed both spectator/recreational and social engagement approaches to tourism. Three profiles of senior tourists included ‘active outdoor/cultural tourists’, ‘cultural tourists’ and ‘moderate tourists’. Profiles differed on the importance attached to shopping during travel, likelihood for shopping at retail venues, prefer...
A measurement of forward-flight effects on the noise from a JT15D-1 turbofan engine in the NASA-Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel

A Pratt and Whitney JT15D-1 turbofan engine was tested in two facilities at Ames Research Center: the outdoor Static Test Facility and the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel. The primary purposes of the test were to determine the effects of forward velocity on the turbofan spectra in the forward quadrant for the cruise inlet and to compare these wind-tunnel spectra with outdoor spectra to determine the possibility of simulating forward-velocity effects from purely outdoor measurements. The wind-tunnel data show a reduction in the blade-passage frequency tones of the order of 10 dB with increasing forward velocity at subsonic fan-tip speeds. No forward-velocity variation was observed at supersonic tip speeds. Comparison of in-duct spectra for the cruise inlet at forward velocity, with spectra from outdoor tests with a distortion-control inlet shows excellent agreement for the in-duct data when allowance is made for different in-duct volumes. This is also reflected in good agreement for the far-field spectra at small forward angles. The comparisons of wind-tunnel and outdoor data also indicate that at least for the JT15D-1, it may be possible to approximate the shape of the far-field spectra at large directivity angles from an outdoor measurement with the cruise inlet, providing an effective inflow control device is used.
Chemical toxicology databanks

The use of three databanks of chemical toxicology (RTECS, HSDB and CIS), in various implementations, is described. General conclusions about compilation, implementation and searching of chemical databanks are drawn.
70 NEONATAL ICU PARENT GROUP: A VALUABLE EXPERIENCE

A group for parents of high-risk newborns on a NNICU was organized in June 77. Core-members establishing the group were the neonatology staff including nurse clinician, social worker and clergyman. Parents of infants previously discharged from the unit also participated. Goals were to provide information, to encourage parents to express their feelings and to facilitate communication. Evening meetings were scheduled bi-monthly on the unit. Parents were encouraged to attend while visiting their infants; three core-members were always present. 57 parents (of 34 infants) participated over the six-month period, up to 11 parents attending at a time. Discussions were unstructured; core-members listened and facilitated conversation only when necessary. Parents shared feelings, recounted pregnancy and birth experiences, and felt less alone. Few questions arose about specific neonatal illnesses. Recurrent topics were lapses in communication and concern over new resident rotations. Mothers requested transfer from obstetrical units following the transport of their sick newborns. This preliminary evaluation resulted in specific changes on the NNICU including a “crying room”, baby-sitting for sibs, parent booklet explaining terminology and reduction in parking fees for chronic patients. This program does not replace parent communication on an individual level. In the high-stress situation of neonatal care, it provides parents with added support, and the NNICU staff with valuable insights into parent needs.
Effect on bone ash weights of long-term treatment of mice with oral promethazine HCl

Ten and 18-month-old female B6D2F1 mice were given promethazine HCl in their drinking water (2.0-4.0 mg/dl and 1.0 mg/dl, respectively) and age, sex and weight matched controls were given acidified tap water. The surviving mice were killed when they were 30.5 months old and femur, ilium and sacrum ash weights were determined. It was found that promethazine HCl effectively prevented age-related mineral loss at the higher does level. There was no evidence of excess morbidity or mortality among the mice given promethazine.
The role of hypertonic saline in neurosurgery.

he first reported experiments with hypertonic saline (HS) were performed in 1919 whereby intravenous injections T of 30% sodium chloride or saturated sodium bicarbonate were found to result in marked decrease in brain size and intracranial pressure (22). Since this time, extensive experimental and clinical studies have been conducted to assess the alterations in physiology after HS infusions and the possible beneficial effects after the treatment of patients. HS is commonly used as part of a number of therapeutic modalities in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock, hyponatremia, and intracranial hypertension. Within the field of neurosurgery, HS has been used extensively in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient management. It has been extensively assessed in neurosurgery because of its ability to reduce intracranial pressure by moving water from the interstitial and intracellular spaces to the intravascular areas within the nervous system as a result of osmotic gradients. The primary beneficial roles include a reduction in intracranial pressure and cerebral edema without compromising intravascular volume, blood pressure, and cerebral perfusion pressure. These beneficial properties may result in improved outcomes in the treatment of neurosurgical patients, but currently there are no consensus guidelines on therapeutic indications, dose, or timing. Potential alternative therapies as well as overall benefits and side effects also have not been completely defined.
Beta-thalassaemia trait: imprecision of diagnosis at birth.

Globin chain synthesis was studied at birth in infants who had been tested for haemoglobinopathies while in utero. Subsequent haematological studies showed that five infants were normal, five had β-thalassaemia trait, and two had α-thalassaemia trait. Correct assignment of these diagnoses could not be made in individual cases from globin chain studies at birth, although the β/α ratios did cluster into groups. By total radioactivity, the mean β/α ratio was 0.38 in the normal infants, and 0.22 in those with β-thalassaemia trait. Mean (β+γ)/α was 0.90 in the former, and 0.70 in the latter. Specific activity ratios (counts per minute, per absorbance at 280 nm) failed to distinguish thalassaemia trait from normal, as a group or individually. Accurate diagnosis of β-thalassaemia trait required classical haematological studies during the first year of life.
Precise and efficient static array bound checking for large embedded C programs

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a static array-bound checker for a family of embedded programs: the flight control software of recent Mars missions. These codes are large (up to 280 KLOC), pointer intensive, heavily multithreaded and written in an object-oriented style, which makes their analysis very challenging. We designed a tool called C Global Surveyor (CGS) that can analyze the largest code in a couple of hours with a precision of 80%. The scalability and precision of the analyzer are achieved by using an incremental framework in which a pointer analysis and a numerical analysis of array indices mutually refine each other. CGS has been designed so that it can distribute the analysis over several processors in a cluster of machines. To the best of our knowledge this is the first distributed implementation of static analysis algorithms. Throughout the paper we will discuss the scalability setbacks that we encountered during the construction of the tool and their impact on the initial design decisions.