cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Makeham, J. P., and L. R. Malcolm. The Farming Game. Armidale, N.S.W., Australia: Gill Publications, 1981, 560 pp., $30.00

The Farming Game is the agricultural management text for the 21st century. It provides a sophisticated, pragmatic and comprehensive analysis that is designed to give managers the right focus and clear vision necessary to operate a successful agricultural business. Taking an integrated approach, this revised edition covers all the vital aspects of farm management including finance, investment, decision analysis, economic thinking, growth, risk and marketing. All of the critical management issues are covered. This is essential reading for those seeking to manage a modern agricultural business and anyone involved in the agricultural supply chain that needs to understand the importance of farms as the core of agribusiness systems.
Job Values in the young adult transition: Change and stability with age

Using data from a nationally representative panel study, I examine change and stability in job values across the young adult years. I find that on average, young people attach lessening importance to various job rewards during the transition to adulthood. In addition, job values become increasingly stable (individual differences are increasingly maintained) during young adulthood, though they continue to change as a function of the rewards received at work. I find no gender differences in the way job rewards shape values, although gender differences in job values exist.
A Mathematical Model for Dental Caries. A Coupled Dissolution-Diffusion Process

Demineralization of tooth mineral in the caries process was studied using a computer model that simulates a diffusion controlled dissolution process. The model consists of a two-compartment system. An acidic solution in the outer ("plaque") compartment was assumed to be large in volume so that its composition remained constant during the process. The solution in the inner ("lesion") compartment was in equilibrium with the tooth mineral, but its composition changed in response to diffusion of ions between the two solutions through an infinitely thin barrier. The permselectivity of the diffusion barrier to cations and anions can be modified as desired thus allowing the effects of membrane on the diffusion-dissolution process to be examined. Because the losses of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) from the "lesion" to the "plaque" generally does not occur at a molar ratio of 5/3, the Ca to P ratio of the dissolving mineral, the composition of the "lesion" fluid can change significantly from the starting composition, and this in turn modifies the Ca and P fluxes. A steady state condition is eventually reached under which the ratio of flux of Ca to that of P becomes 5/3. The results of the simulation show that for a given "plaque" pH, the rate of demineralization at steady state was the highest for cation and the lowest for anion permselective membranes. These results were in good agreement with those from an experimental study under comparable conditions.
Synthesis of Frame-Shifted Farnesyl Diphosphate Analogs

A set of synthetic approaches were developed and applied to the synthesis of eight frame-shifted farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) analogs. These analogs bear increased or decreased methylene units between the double bonds and/or diphosphate moieties of the isoprenoid structure. Evaluation versus mammalian FTase revealed that small structural changes can lead to dramatic changes in substrate ability.
Warranted Wiretapping: Listening in on Cancer’s Conversations

Sometimes it seems like we can no longer go a day without sending a message by e-mail, Twitter, or SMS. Connectivity is just as important to cancer cells. Microvesicles—small , secreted lipid vesicles that can contain a variety of signaling proteins, receptors, and microRNA—can be produced by virtually all cell types, but cancer cells make them in large quantities. Although the role of microvesicles in cancer biology, also known as exosomes, is not completely understood, they provide a means for cells to communicate by sending “packets” of signaling molecules and gene regulatory microRNA that can be “downloaded” by other cells. Cancers of the brain are notoriously difficult to monitor, requiring imaging and/or direct tissue biopsy for diagnosis or to determine whether treatment is working. In a recent study, Shao et al. have developed a microfluidic chip-based assay that can detect the microvesicles in the blood and provide a means to detect and track brain cancer. Shao and colleagues created a microfluidic chip that separates microvesicles by size and by immunoaffinity for a marker specific to microvesicles. The isolated microvesicles were then labeled with magnetic nanoparticles by using a two-step process. A critical innovation in their device was the use of a tiny coil in the microfluidic chip to perform micro-nuclear magnetic resonance to detect the labeled microvesicles. When compared with the current techniques for detecting microvesicles, the authors found their labeling/detection system to be around 1000 times more sensitive then the most sensitive current available method. The researchers then profiled the microvesicles from the blood of healthy patients and those with glioblastoma (GBM). By examining four markers found in the patients’ microvesicles, they devised an assay with greater than 90% accuracy for the detection of GBM. In addition, they analyzed the changes in the circulating microvesicles in mice injected with human tumors and in human patients undergoing chemotherapy for GBM. Their detection system was able to predict which patients/tumors would respond to chemotherapy. The work of Shao et al. demonstrates the creation and testing of technology to allow the measurement of microvesicles in the blood. Their work is particularly powerful in terms of translational potential in that they have shown the ability to detect cancer and predict aspects of chemotherapeutic response in human patients. In a broader view, microvesicle analysis may provide key insights into the progression and treatment of many diseases and thus provide further applications for their technology. H. Shao et al ., Protein typing of circulating microvesicles allows real-time monitoring of glioblastoma therapy. Nat. Med. , published online 11 November 2012 (10.1038/nm.2994). [[PubMed]][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23142818
Interaction of Resistant Plants and Wasp Parasitoids of Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The interactions of 2 species of parasitoid wasps, their host, Heliothis virescens (F.), and transgenic tobacco producing a low concentration of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner toxin were investigated in field tests. Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) and toxic plants each decreased survival of larvae during the first 6 d on plants. C. sonorensis and toxic plants acted synergistically in combination, decreasing larval survival beyond the level expected for an additive interaction. Cardiochiles nigriceps Viereck did not significantly reduce 6-d survival of host larvae and did not interact with plant toxicity. Parasitism of H. virescens exposed for 1 d to natural populations of the same parasitoids was highly variable from day to day, and also varied between years. In 1990, C. sonorensis was the more prevalent species; in 1991, C. nigriceps was dominant. In 1990, single-day parasitism of neonates by C. sonorensis was lower on toxic plants than nontoxic plants. This result, which contradicted previous findings of increased parasitism among larvae exposed for several days on toxic plants, probably was caused by differences in initial behavior of larvae on toxic versus nontoxic plants. In 1991, position of larvae on plants did not affect parasitism by C. sonorensis ; however, parasitism by C. nigriceps was significantly higher among larvae collected from exposed positions on leaves compared with apical buds. Patterns of daily parasitism of 1- to 8-d-old larvae were extremely different for the 2 parasitoids: vulnerability to C. sonorensis among host larvae on nontoxic plants began to decline after 3 d; whereas, parasitism by C. nigriceps increased over the 1st few days and remained high through 8 d.
Thermoperiodic Effects on the Regulation of Larval Diapause in the Tufted Apple Budmoth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Combinations of photoperiods and thermoperiods strongly influence the induction of larval diapause in the tufted apple budmoth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker). Photoperiodic effects may be intensified when the cryophase of the thermoperiod coincides with scotophase of the photoperiod, or the effects may be reduced when the thermophase occurs during scotophase. Photoperiodic and thermoperiodic interactions may be nullified by either a thermoperiod with a high temperature cycle (36:24°C) or a cryophase (15°C) duration of <11 h, even though it coincides with scotophase. Under continuous illumination or darkness, thermoperiods with half cycles of 12 h and 4°C temperature range (23:19°C) to a 16°C temperature range (29:13°C) failed to induce diapause. Larval exposure to one of a series of 26:16°C thermoperiods in which the duration of the cryophase was increased in 2-h increments from 10 to 20 h in continuous darkness showed that thermoperiod under constant darkness does not induce diapause.
An update on the treatment of malleolar fractures

Summary Malleolar fractures, occurring predominantly following inversion injuries of the ankle or falls, are among the most common fractures treated by orthopaedic surgeons. While proper diagnosis and fixation of bony fractures is required in patients with unstable patterns, it has become apparent that injuries to the complex ligamentous structures around the ankle, including the syndesmosis, can affect patient outcomes if not treated properly. This requires proper physical and radiographic examination techniques. Controversy still remains regarding proper fixation techniques and aftercare for complex fracture patterns and syndesmotic injury. The importance of recognizing patient comorbidities has also been demonstrated, as these medical illnesses have been demonstrated to increase the risk for complications, and therefore may require modifications to standard treatment protocol. In this review we highlight the growing body of evidence on this topic to identify the current best treatment practices and areas where further analysis is needed.
Effects of magnesium on nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells

Magnesium modulates endothelium-dependent vasodilation in intact blood vessels. Therefore, the effects of magnesium on nitric oxide (NO) release by isolated endothelial cells and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in endothelial cell homogenates were studied. Unstimulated and bradykinin-stimulated NO release by porcine aortic endothelial cell (PAEC) monolayers were unaffected by 30 min of exposure to magnesium concentrations varying from 0.010 to 10.0 mM. In contrast, when A-23187-stimulated cells were exposed to 0.01, 3.16, and 10.0 mM MgCl2, NO release was decreased by 11.3 +/- 1.8, 11.7 +/- 3.0, and 20.3 +/- 7.2%, respectively, compared with cells exposed to 1.0 mM MgCl2 (P < 0.01). These data suggested that a change in the intracellular magnesium concentration had an effect on NO release, in contrast to a change in the extracellular concentration, which did not have an effect. To further assess this possibility, crude NOS extracts were prepared from PAEC and exposed to MgCl2. NOS activity was measured via the conversion of L-[3H]arginine to L-[3H]citrulline. Increasing the concentration of MgCl2 by 1.0, 3.16, and 10.0 mM caused a 16.0 +/- 6.8, 17.1 +/- 1.7, and 38.6 +/- 5.3% decrease in citrulline formation, respectively (P < 0.05), suggesting a direct inhibition of NOS by MgCl2. No significant difference in the degree of inhibition of NOS activity was found between MgSO4 and MgCl2, thus ruling out a nonspecific chloride effect. In addition, increasing the concentration of NaCl to 15 mM had no effect on NOS activity, ruling out a nonspecific osmotic effect [101.6 +/- 10.5% of control activity, P = not significant (NS)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Mature Industry Front

Tokyo extensively protects virtually every Japanese industry, but for different reasons. Industries like microelectronics, steel, machine tools or automobiles are obviously promoted because of their strategic importance. Tokyo carefully protects a range of industries like agriculture, construction, and distribution for their political rather than economic importance. Tens of millions of farmers, builders and distributors and their families give the ruling LDP votes in return for protection and heavy subsidies. This in turn allows the LDP to remain in office and continue supporting both strategic and political industries. The losers are of course Japanese consumers who pay inflated prices for even basic goods and foreign producers whose profits and often livelihoods are lost to Japanese neomercantilism. If Tokyo had followed free market rather than neomercantilist policies for the seven industries analyzed below, none would have achieved their present level of development, and some might not have survived. Japan’s steel, automobile, television and machine tools industries may well have been wiped out by competitive imports while its agriculture, construction and distribution industries would be severely limited in size and scope. Japan’s economic growth would have been considerably lower while other countries with a comparative advantage in those industries would be wealthier.
Abstract 3531: Autophagy facilitates leukemogenesis in a murine model of MLL-AF9-driven AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion of immature myeloid cells. There is an urgent and unmet need for the development of novel therapeutics against AML. Autophagy is a lysosomal catabolic process that has been implicated in leukemia cell survival and chemotherapy response. However, the biological role of autophagy in AML leukemogenesis remains poorly defined. In this study, we genetically ablated ATG5, a gene that is essential for autophagy, in AML cells during leukemogenesis in a murine model of MLL-AF9-driven AML. The homozygous deletion of ATG5 in AML cells significantly delayed MLL-AF9-induced leukemogenesis and progression in vivo. Likewise, the in vitro deletion of ATG5 in MLL-AF9 driven AML cells demonstrated decreased growth as well as reduced colony forming units. Interestingly, ATG5 deficiency demonstrated an altered differentiation hierarchy of MLL-AF9-induced AML cells in vivo that could be linked to decreased proliferation and suppressed leukemogenesis. Overall, this study provides insight at how autophagy can facilitate AML progression. A more comprehensive understanding on autophagy in AML is needed prior to the deployment of autophagy modulators for the treatment of AML. Citation Format: Qiang Liu, Longgui Chen, Hong-Gang Wang. Autophagy facilitates leukemogenesis in a murine model of MLL-AF9-driven AML. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3531.
A simple method for making new transducing lines of coliphage lambda.

A variety of novel transducing lines of phage λ can be obtained by induction of a mixed culture of abnormal lysogens. Such a culture is simply made by mass lysogenization of a host lacking the normal prophage attachment site.
Melanoma Disparities among US Hispanics: Use of the Social Ecological Model to Contextualize Reasons for Inequitable Outcomes and Frame a Research Agenda

Cutaneous melanoma is a significant public health concern, accounting for thousands of deaths annually in the US. Early detection and diagnosis are critical given the poor prognosis and limited treatment options of advanced-stage disease. While non-Hispanic whites have higher incidence rates of melanoma, Hispanics are typically diagnosed at later disease stages and suffer higher morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a paucity of literature investigating the root causes underlying these trends among Hispanics. Given that Hispanics are the most rapidly expanding demographic segment in the US, it is essential for cancer control efforts to elucidate the major determinants of their poor melanoma outcomes. Herein, we use the social ecological model as a framework to explore the multitude of influences on melanoma disparities among Hispanics and provide recommendations for planning future studies and interventions.
Discussion to “Bayesian design of experiments for generalized linear models and dimensional analysis with industrial and scientific application” (Vining)

Discussion to “Bayesian design of experiments for generalized linear models and dimensional analysis with industrial and scientific application”
Superconducting Magnetic Gradiometers for Mobile Applications with an Emphasis on Ordnance Detection

Passive magnetic sensors provide one means to conduct mobile area surveys and search operations, useful for a number of applications, including sea mine countermeasures and the detection of unexploded ordnance and packaged biological, chemical and radioactive waste for environmental cleanup. To date, the generally accepted method for such detection involves the generation of two-or three-dimensional magnetic anomaly field maps, using primarily total-field magnetometers. Sensor configurations measuring spatial gradients of magnetic field offer a new opportunity for better localization and classification. Sensors incorporating Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDS) provide the greatest sensitivity available with current technology for magnetic anomaly detection. During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the Naval Surface Warfare Center Coastal Systems Station (CSS) developed the Superconducting Gradiometer/Magnetometer Sensor (SGMS) specifically for mobile operations outside the laboratory environment. This sensor technology utilized niobium superconducting components cooled by liquid helium. The SGMS has demonstrated nagged, reliable performance even onboard airborne and undersea towed platforms. In this article, a general perspective for the use of passive magnetic sensors for mobile operations will be established. The SGMS design will be described in some detail. General design principles underlying its mobile application, fundamental sensor and environmental noise issues, and approaches to compensate for them, will be presented. The magnetic sensor detection and classification concept developed for sea mine countermeasures and results from that demonstration will be discussed. Recent developments and future opportunities, especially encompassing the use of high temperature (high-Tc) superconducting components cooled by liquid nitrogen, will be addressed.
The C-terminal region of the major outer sheath protein of Treponema denticola inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis

Treponema denticola is an oral spirochete strongly associated with severe periodontal disease. A prominent virulence factor, the major outer sheath protein (Msp), disorients neutrophil chemotaxis by altering the cellular phosphoinositide balance, leading to impairment of downstream chemotactic events including actin rearrangement, Rac1 activation, and Akt activation in response to chemoattractant stimulation. The specific regions of Msp responsible for interactions with neutrophils remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of truncated Msp regions on neutrophil chemotaxis and associated signaling pathways. Murine neutrophils were treated with recombinant protein truncations followed by assessment of chemotaxis and associated signal pathway activation. Chemotaxis assays indicate sequences within the C-terminal region; particularly the first 130 amino acids, have the strongest inhibitory effect on neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophils incubated with the C-terminal region protein also demonstrated the greatest inhibition of Rac1 activation, increased phosphoinositide phosphatase activity, and decreased Akt activation; orchestrating impairment of chemotaxis. Furthermore, incubation with antibodies specific to only the C-terminal region blocked the Msp-induced inhibition of chemotaxis and denaturing the protein restored Rac1 activation. Msp from the strain OTK, with numerous amino acid substitutions throughout the polypeptide, including the C-terminal region compared with strain 35405, showed increased ability to impair neutrophil chemotaxis. Collectively, these results indicate that the C-terminal region of Msp is the most potent region to modulate neutrophil chemotactic signaling and that specific sequences and structures are likely to be required. Knowledge of how spirochetes dampen the neutrophil response is limited and Msp may represent a novel therapeutic target for periodontal disease.
Performance Review of 'Sweet and Lucky'

In this performance review of Third Rail Project's Sweet and Lucky, I evaluate the "immersive" elements and quality of the experience within the performance.
Radiation Toxicity in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms and Strategies for Injury Reduction

The potential for radiation-induced toxicities in the brain produces significant anxiety, both among patients receiving radiation therapy and those radiation oncologists providing treatment. These concerns often play a significant role in the medical decision-making process for most patients with diseases in which radiotherapy may be a treatment consideration. Although the precise mechanisms of neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration after ionizing radiation exposure continue to be poorly understood from a biological perspective, there is an increasing body of scientific and clinical literature that is producing a better understanding of how radiation causes brain injury; factors that determine whether toxicities occur; and potential preventative, treatment, and mitigation strategies for patients at high risk or with symptoms of injury. This review will focus primarily on injuries and biological processes described in mature brain.
Constructing environmentalist identities through green neoliberal identity work

To advance understandings of how neoliberal ideologies are linked to peoples' everyday environmentalist practices, this article examines processes through which green neoliberal subjects are made. Bringing together critical perspectives on green neoliberalism and symbolic interactionist perspectives on identities, I develop the concept of green neoliberal identity work, a mechanism through which neoliberal environmentalist subjects are produced. I use environmentalists' promotions and uses of compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) as a case study, and employ mixed qualitative methods and grounded theory analysis. Data were collected in North Carolina through interviews, participant observation, and texts. The data reveal four generic patterns of green neoliberal identity work: celebrations and renunciations of particular technologies, inclusive-talk, performing moral math, and technological progress-talk. These patterns show that framing green neoliberal subject formation through the lens of identity work illuminates how these subjects form themselves through micro-level social processes, and opens up different ways of thinking about resistance. Keywords: environmentalism, neoliberalism, identity work, subjectivities, identities
Non-destructive characterization of corroded glass surfaces by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract Characterization of the alteration layers that form on glass surfaces during corrosion processes provides valuable information on both the mechanisms and rate of glass alteration. In recent years, state-of-the-art materials and surface characterization techniques have been employed to study various aspects of the alteration layers that result from corrosion. In most cases, these techniques are destructive and thus can only be employed at the end of the corrosion experiment. Here, we show that the alteration layers can be investigated by non-destructive spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), which provides pertinent information on alteration layer thickness, morphology, and, through correlation of the index of refraction, porosity. SE measurements of silicate glass coupons altered in aqueous solutions of pH 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at 90 °C for 7 days are compared to cross-sectional secondary electron microscopy images. In most cases, quantitative agreement of the alteration layer thickness is obtained. The fractional porosity calculated from the index of refraction is lower than the porosity calculated from elemental analysis of the aqueous solutions, indicating that the alteration layer has compacted during corrosion or the subsequent supercritical CO2 drying process. These results confirm the utility of performing non-destructive SE measurements on corroded glass surfaces.
Delayed Presentation of Compartment Syndrome of the Thigh in a Previously Undiagnosed Factor VII-Deficient High School Football Athlete: A Case Report.

Case We describe a case of delayed presentation of compartment syndrome in the anterior aspect of the thigh in a high school athlete. The patient had sustained a blow to the thigh 8 days prior to presentation, and had continued to practice football in the setting of undiagnosed coagulopathy. He presented with severe thigh pain and the inability to contract the thigh muscles. Conclusion A high index of suspicion for compartment syndrome is indicated for patients with disproportionate pain, especially in the setting of relatively minor trauma. Underlying coagulopathy should be investigated in patients with compartment syndrome because there is a high incidence of bleeding disorders in this population.
An Introduction to Metaphysics for Empiricists

Definitions are in one sense arbitrary affairs, and this applies no less to the traditional terms of metaphysics than to the conventional units of measurement. They are chosen often for reasons of expediency, and only afterwards become gospel through usage. But topics are more fluid than their terms. If there were nothing new to say about metaphysics, there would certainly be no need to write about it. At the outset, therefore, we shall be obliged to define metaphysics itself as the word is to be employed here, and distinguish it from ontology to which in sympathy it is closely allied.
Evaluation of effective treatment depth in skin cancer treatments with electronic brachytherapy.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate changes in the percent depth dose (PDD) and effective depth of treatment due to force applied by the applicator during treatments of nonmelanoma skin cancer with the Xoft electronic brachytherapy system. Methods To simulate compressible tissue, a 5-mm tissue-equivalent bolus was used. A soft x-ray ion chamber was used for output measurements, which were performed for all Xoft surface applicators with plastic endcaps in place. Output was first measured at 5 mm depth with minimal pressure from the applicator on the bolus and then repeated after applying uniform pressure on the applicator to calculate the change in PDD and effective treatment depth. Results For the 10-mm cone, a moderate force of 5 N changed the PDD by more than 20%. The effect was also pronounced for the 20-mm cone, while minimal for the 35- and 50-mm cones. Even when only a moderate force was applied, the effective prescription depth changed by several millimeters, on the order of a typical prescription depth. Conclusion Based on the results of this simulation, excessive pressure applied on the skin by the applicator can drastically alter the PDD and effective treatment depth. The effect is most pronounced for the 10- and 20-mm cones, which tend to be used most frequently. Inappropriate applicator placement may therefore result in significant consequences such as excessive dose to the target, severe skin reaction, permanent discoloration, skin indentation, and poor overall cosmesis upon completion of treatment.
A history of the Egyptian intelligence service: a history of the Mukhabarat, 1910–2009

Owen L. Sirrs provides a nearly hundred-year history of the Egyptian intelligence community’s involvement in the country’s politics, society and national security. While noting how instrumental int...
Tunable Nonlinear Acoustic Reporters Using Micro- and Nanosized Air Bubbles with Porous Polymeric Hard Shells

The ability to tailor acoustic cavitation of contrast agents is pivotal for ultrasound applications in enhanced imaging, drug delivery, and cancer therapy, etc. A biopolymer-based system of microbubbles and nanobubbles was developed as acoustic reporters that consist of extremely porous hard shells. Despite the existence of an incompressible shell, these porous contrast agents exhibited strong nonlinear acoustic response under very low acoustic pressure, e.g, harmonics, characteristic of free gas bubbles. The large air/water surface area within the transmural capillaries are believed to facilitate oscillation of the inner gas core. Furthermore, the acoustic cavitation can be tailored by variation in polymer structures. This synthetically based platform offers insight for the rational design of advanced acoustic biomaterials.
US acculturation and poor sleep among an intergenerational cohort of adult Latinos in Sacramento, California.

Acculturation may shape the disproportionate burden of poor sleep among Latinos in the United States. Existing studies are limited by unidimensional acculturation proxies that are incapable of capturing cultural complexities across generations. Understanding how acculturation relates to sleep may lead to the identification of modifiable intervention targets. We used multivariable regression and latent class methods to examine cross-sectional associations between a validated multidimensional scale of US acculturation and self-reported poor sleep measures. We analyzed an intergenerational cohort: first-generation (GEN1) older Latinos (Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging; N = 1,716; median age: 69.5) and second-generation (GEN2) middle-aged offspring and relatives of GEN1 (Ninos Lifestyle and Diabetes Study; N = 670; median age: 54.0) in Sacramento, California. GEN1 with high US acculturation, compared with high acculturation towards another origin/ancestral country, had less restless sleep (prevalence ratio [PR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 0.67 [0.54, 0.84]) and a higher likelihood of being in the best sleep class than the worst (OR [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.09, 2.40]), but among nonmanual occupations, high intergenerational US acculturation was associated with more general fatigue (PR [95% CI: 1.86 [1.11, 3.10]). GEN2 with high intergenerational US acculturation reported shorter sleep (PR [95% CI]: 2.86 [1.02, 7.99]). High US acculturation shaped sleep differentially by generation, socioeconomic context, and intergenerational acculturative status. High US acculturation was associated with better sleep among older, lower socioeconomic Latinos, but with shorter sleep duration among middle-aged, higher socioeconomic Latinos; results also differed by parental acculturation status. Upon replication, future studies should incorporate prospective and intergenerational designs to uncover sociobehavioral pathways by which acculturation may shape sleep to ultimately inform intervention efforts.
Real-Time Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converters

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are one of the most popular configurations of voltage-source converters (VSCs) used in applications like high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission systems and flexible alternate current transmission systems (FACTS). They have a large number of modules with thousands of capacitors and semiconductor devices, which make it hard to simulate in real-time. In this paper, a low-cost high-performance computing (HPC) configuration to simulate MMCs in real-time is proposed. The configuration uses a HPC digital signal processor (DSP) with 8 cores. An advanced MMC simulation algorithm is implemented using HPC techniques to optimize the real-time performance in the DSP. A comparison is performed with existing solutions to show the superiority of the proposed configuration and algorithms.
International reputation and alliance portfolios: How unreliability affects the structure and composition of alliance treaties:

Why do states ever form military alliances with unreliable partners? States sign offensive and defensive military alliances to increase their fighting capabilities in the event of war and as a sign...
Commitment Isn't for Everyone.

The majority of malaria parasites during human infection are asexual and are unable to be transmitted to mosquitoes. Only sexually differentiated parasites (gametocytes) can be successfully transmitted to complete the lifecycle. In a recent study by Bancells et al. (Nat. Microbiol. 2019;4:144–154), a new route of sexual conversion is identified that does not require a prior round of replication.
An Interposer-Based Root of Trust: Seize the Opportunity for Secure System-Level Integration of Untrusted Chiplets

Leveraging 2.5D interposer technology, we advocate the integration of untrusted commodity components/chiplets with physically separate, entrusted logic components. Such organization provides a modern root of trust for secure system-level integration. We showcase our scheme by utilizing industrial ARM components that are interconnected via a security-providing active interposer, and thoroughly evaluate the achievable security via different threat scenarios. Finally, we provide detailed end-to-end physical design results to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed methodology.
A unique case of acute brain haemorrhage with left ventricular systolic failure requiring ECMO

Acute left ventricular (LV) systolic failure as a consequence of acute severe brain injury with status epilepticus in a young infant is not common; managing such a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which requires proper anticoagulation adds further substrate to a particularly intriguing and novel case worthy of reporting. Takotsubo syndrome and its peculiar clinical presentation is not commonly reported in the paediatric population, yet the high likelihood of this diagnosis joining the dots up for this case invites our curiosity and reflection through the clinical management of this case. A previously healthy 9-month-old local Chinese boy presented with generalised seizures secondary to acute severe brain injury, with signs of sympathetic overdrive, followed by rapidly progressive cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure, eventually requiring ECMO support. Neuroimaging at presentation revealed bilateral subdural haemorrhages. His cardiac function recovered within the next 24 h revealing the reversibility nature of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. This is a captivating case depicting a series of unfortunate and unpredictable clinical events occurring in a previously well infant, which at initial presentation challenged the managing team with regards to its exact aetiology of acute brain injury and acute cardiorespiratory failure. Consideration of various differential diagnoses and finally narrowing down to that of stress-induced reversible cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome) following his intracranial bleed, versus that of coexisting dual pathology – acute brain injury with concomitant acute viral myocarditis, deepened our understanding of the pathophysiology of each disease process, and how it possibly interlinks between different organ systems.
Ompparser: A Standalone and Unified OpenMP Parser

OpenMP has been quickly evolving to meet the insatiable demand for productive parallel programming on high performance computing systems. Creating a robust and optimizing OpenMP compiler has become increasingly challenging due to the expanding capabilities and complexity of OpenMP, especially for its latest 5.0 release. Although OpenMP’s syntax and semantics are very similar between C/C++ and Fortran, the corresponding compiler support, such as parsing and lowering are often separately implemented, which is a significant obstacle to support the fast changing OpenMP specification. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a standalone and unified OpenMP parser, named ompparser, for both C/C++ and Fortran. ompparser is designed to be useful both as an independent tool and an integral component of an OpenMP compiler. It can be used for syntax and semantics checking of OpenMP constructs, validating and verifying the usage of existing constructs, and helping to prototype new constructs. The formal grammar included in ompparser also helps interpretation of the OpenMP standard. The ompparser implementation supports the latest OpenMP 5.0, including complex directives such as metadirective. It is released as open-source from https://github.com/passlab/ompparser with a BSD-license. We also demonstrate how it is integrated with the ROSE’s open-source OpenMP compiler.
Return of Value in the New Era of Biomedical Research-One Size Will Not Fit All.

Background: There is a growing interest in creating large-scale repositories that store genetic, behavioral, and environmental data for future, unspecified uses. The All of Us Research Program is o...
The Home Thrift Association

This chapter describes efforts by the Progressive Era designer and social activist Louise Brigham to train working-class children in carpentry through an organization she founded in New York City, the Home Thrift Association. Launched in the then-disused Gracie Mansion, the HTA migrated around the city over the several decades of its existence. The HTA apprentices produced box furniture for their own homes as well as for Brigham’s showcase apartments. In its ethos and goals, the HTA was aligned with skills-training organizations like the Home Arts and Industries Association in Great Britain that emerged under the influence of ideas promulgated by William Morris and John Ruskin. In founding the HTA, Brigham also almost certainly drew on the ideas of John Dewey and the tenets of the Scandinavian sloyd movement, with which Brigham had become familiar during her European travels.
Algorithm for generalised multi-objective set covering problem with an application in ecological conservation

In this study, we propose a generalisation to the classical set covering problem (SCP) which is one of the representative NP-hard combinatorial problems. In the SCP we are given a set of items and a collection of subsets of them. We find a sub-collection including each item in a given number of sets and introduce conflicting objective functions. We define the new problem as the generalised multi-objective SCP (GMOSCP). This an extension to the classical multi-objective SCP. Developing an algorithm to approximate the Pareto set of the GMOSCP is merited since the GMOSCP is also NP-hard. Thus, we propose an algorithm to approximate the Pareto set of the GMOSCP. Ecological conservation is a common field for its applications; therefore, the performances of the algorithm is verified using real data in ecological conservation. Several experiments have been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm and compared to Pareto solutions of the GMOSCP.
Behavioral, social and school functioning in children with Pompe disease.

Abstract Purpose To improve our understanding of the behavioral, social, and emotional functioning of children and adolescents with Pompe disease. Method Parents/guardians of 21 children (age 5-18y) with infantile (IPD) or late-onset (LOPD) Pompe disease on long-term enzyme replacement therapy completed three standardized checklists regarding their child's behavior: the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Conners 3 Parent (Conners-3), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF2), and a survey of their child's educational services. Results Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings for each behavior checklist. Age standard scores from each checklist were reported for the IPD (n = 17, 9 females, mean age = 9y, 4 mo; SD = 3y, 8mo) and LOPD (n = 4, 1 female; mean = 11y, 2mo; SD = 2y, 1mo) groups. The majority of children with Pompe exhibited age-appropriate behavior and emotional functioning on these standardized checklists. However, negative mood symptoms, learning problems, decreased participation in structured social activities, and attentional difficulties were more frequently reported in children with IPD in comparison to same-aged peers. Parents of children with LOPD reported fewer problematic behaviors but endorsed negative mood symptoms and difficulties with peer relations. Most children received accommodations in regular education classrooms at school. Conclusions These standardized behavior checklists are useful screening tools for the early identification and treatment of behavior, emotional, and social concerns in children with Pompe disease.
Feasibility and acceptability of intensive, real-time biobehavioral data collection using ecological momentary assessment, salivary biomarkers, and accelerometers among middle-aged African Americans.

Perceived racial discrimination is linked to unhealthy behaviors and stress-related morbidities. A compelling body of research indicates that perceived racial discrimination may contribute to health disparities among African Americans (AAs). The purposes of this study were to describe the study protocol including data collection procedures and study measures and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of intensive biobehavioral data collection using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), salivary biomarkers, and accelerometers over 7 days among middle-aged AAs with a goal of understanding the relationships between perceived racial discrimination and biobehavioral responses to stress. Twelve AA men and women participated in the feasibility/acceptability study. They completed surveys, anthropometrics, and received in-person training in EMA and saliva sample collection at baseline. Participants were asked to respond to the random prompt text message-based EMA five times a day, wear an accelerometer daily for 7 days, and to self-collect saliva samples four times a day for 4 consecutive days. The EMA surveys included perceived racial discrimination, affective states, lifestyle behaviors, and social and physical contexts. The mean EMA response rate was 82.8%. All participants collected saliva samples four times a day for 4 consecutive days. About 83% of participants wore the accelerometer on the hip 6 out of 7 days. Despite the perception that the intensive nature of assessments would result in high participant burden, the acceptability of the study procedures was uniformly favorable.
Quid Pro Quo: Liquidity Insurance in Dealer-Fund Network

Author(s): Chen, Luming | Advisor(s): Sun, Zheng | Abstract: Using a novel security-level data from SEC on US tri-party repo, this paper investigates how trading relationship impacts liquidity provision within the dealer-fund repo network. This paper documents a unique repo rate dynamic: in normal times, funds charge a premium to dealers with whom they have the strongest trading relationship; in market-wide liquidity shocks, these dealers are rewarded with lower repo rate markup and better immediacy. I exploit the 2016 Money Market Fund Reform as an exogenous liquidity shock to establish a liquidity insurance mechanism. As liquidity insurers are not easily replaceable, shown in the unexpected liquidation case of Charles Schwab Sweep Funds, costly search incentivizes dealers to engage in such stable quid pro quo relationship with money market funds.
Disparities in Prostate Cancer Survival According to Neighborhood Archetypes, A Population-Based Study.

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine survival among men with prostate cancer according to neighborhood archetypes. As an advancement beyond measures of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) or specific measures of the neighborhood environment, archetypes consider interactions among many social and built environment attributes. Methods Neighborhood archetypes for California census tracts in the year 2000 were previously developed through latent class analysis of 39 measures of social and built environment attributes. We assessed associations between archetypes and overall and prostate cancer-specific survival in this population-based study using geocoded cancer registry data for prostate cancer patients diagnosed 1996-2005 in California, followed through 2017 (n = 185,613). We used Cox proportional hazard models stratified by race/ethnicity and adjusted for age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, tumor factors, treatment, marital status and cluster effect by census tract. Additional analyses examined associations between race/ethnicity and survival, while accounting for neighborhood archetypes. Results We observed disparities in overall and prostate cancer-specific risk of death by neighborhood archetypes. Classes with the highest risk of death were defined by lower nSES, but also other domains such as rural/urban status, racial/ethnic composition or age of residents, commuting and traffic patterns, residential mobility, and food environment. Associations between archetypes and survival varied by race/ethnicity. Conclusion We observe interactions among several domains of neighborhood social and built environment attributes as demonstrated by the associations between neighborhood archetypes and prostate cancer survival. These results highlight opportunities for multilevel neighborhood interventions to reduce neighborhood disparities in prostate cancer survival.
Public-Private Partnership Projects in Infrastructure: An Essential Guide for Policy Makers

Infrastructural investment is critical to economic growth, quality of life, poverty reduction, access to education, health care, and the achievement of many of the goals of a robust economy. But infrastructure is difficult for the public sector to get right. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) can help; they can provide more efficient procurement, focus on consumer satisfaction and lifecycle maintenance, and provide new sources of investment, in particular through limited recourse debt. But PPPs present challenges of their own. This book provides a practical guide to PPPs for policy makers and strategists, showing how governments can enable and encourage PPPs; providing a step-by-step analysis of the development of PPP projects; and explaining how financing works, what contractual structures look like, and how risk allocation works in practice. It includes specific discussion of each infrastructure sector, with a focus on the strategic and policy issues essential for successful development of infrastructure through PPPs. This second edition includes new sections on institutional frameworks, mechanisms for leveraging public financing, small scale PPP projects and more.
Managing the Monument: Cows and Conservation in Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument

In 1996, President Clinton short-circuited decades-long negotiations over the use of contested western lands and stunned Utah’s political leaders when he designated close to 2 million acres in their state as the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). Clinton’s proclamation charged the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), for the first time in its history, with responsibility for managing a national monument, and required the agency to manage the vast lands to balance conflicting multiple uses, including cattle grazing. Various statutes mandate that federal lands that have been determined to be chiefly valuable for grazing be actively grazed. However, anti-grazing activists saw in Clinton’s action an opening to reduce or eliminate grazing on allotments contained within the newly designated national monument and found sympathy among the Monument’s new managers. The question for conservation advocates and Monument managers was, in the absence of statutory change, could the administrative process be used to reduce or eliminate grazing in the Monument? This Article examines the twists and turns in the management, administrative, and legal processes that led an anti-grazing conservation group to become the largest rancher on the Colorado Plateau.