cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of sugar uptake in cultured fibroblasts by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF-binding arginine esterase.

Mouse epidermal growth factor causes a rapid increase in 2-deoxyglucose uptake in stationary phase mouse (3T3) cells or human fibroblasts. Maximum effect is approximately two fold over control levels for 3T3 cells and about 50% over controls for human fibroblasts. Maximum effect on 3T3 cells is seen about two hours after addition of 10 ng/ml EGF to the culture medium. Stimulation is easily measurable within the first fifteen minutes after addition of the hormone and may be detected at hormone concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml. The EGF-binding arginine esterase found associated with EGF in the mouse submaxillary gland causes an enhancement of the EGF effect. In serum-free medium, the EGF effect is still readily observed, but no enhancement by the esterase is seen. SV40 virus-transformed 3T3 cells show no effect on deoxy-glucose uptake after addition of 10 ng/ml EGF to the culture medium, but a response may be demonstrated after these cells are incubated for 12 hours or more in serumless medium. EGF stimulates transport of 3-0-methylglucose in stationary phase 3T3 and human fibroblasts but no EGF stimulation of α-amino-isobutyrate uptake in 3T3 cells is seen under conditions in which EGF clearly stimulates sugar uptake. Ammonium chloride, which is reported to inhibit intracellular degradation of human EGF by human fibroblasts, does not diminish the EGF effect on deoxyglucose uptake in human fibroblasts.
Assessment of multiphoton absorption in inert gases for the measurement of gas temperatures.

A spatially resolved optical technique to measure gas temperature was assessed. The technique relies on multiphoton absorption in inert gases. In contrast to laser-induced fluorescence, absorption is insensitive to collisional deactivation, and, in contrast to one-photon absorption, multiphoton absorption only occurs around the focus point of a typical laser beam. Multiphoton absorption features both the merits of being insensitive to quenching and of being a spatially resolved technique. In a case study we assessed two-photon absorption in xenon upon exciting the 5p6 1S0 → 5p56p[5/2]2 transition in xenon at a wavelength of 256 nm. The amount of light absorbed by xenon is related to the number density of the gas, and if the gas pressure is known then the gas temperature can be inferred from the number density. Two-photon absorbance was measured as a function of xenon number density and was used to validate a theoretical model of the absorption process. We discuss the circumnavigation of experimental challenges in applying this technique and analyze its precision in terms of the inferred gas temperature.
Mapping Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems in California

Background Most groundwater conservation and management efforts focus on protecting groundwater for drinking water and for other human uses with little understanding or focus on the ecosystems that depend on groundwater. However, groundwater plays an integral role in sustaining certain types of aquatic, terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, and their associated landscapes. Our aim was to illuminate the connection between groundwater and surface ecosystems by identifying and mapping the distribution of groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) in California.
Selenium Redox Cycling in the Protective Effects of Organoselenides against Oxidant-Induced DNA Damage

The biological role of selenium is a subject of intense current interest, and the antioxidant activity of selenoenzymes is now known to be dependent upon redox cycling of selenium within their active sites. Exogenously supplied or metabolically generated organoselenium compounds, capable of propagating a selenium redox cycle, might therefore supplement natural cellular defenses against the oxidizing agents generated during metabolism. We now report evidence that selenium redox cycling can enhance the protective effects of organoselenium compounds against oxidant-induced DNA damage. Phenylaminoethyl selenides were found to protect plasmid DNA from peroxynitrite-mediated damage by scavenging this powerful cellular oxidant and forming phenylaminoethyl selenoxides as the sole selenium-containing products. The redox properties of these organoselenoxide compounds were investigated, and the first redox potentials of selenoxides in the literature are reported here. Rate constants were determined for the reactions of the selenoxides with cellular reductants such as glutathione (GSH). These kinetic data were then used in a MatLab simulation, which showed the feasibility of selenium redox cycling by GSH in the presence of the cellular oxidant, peroxynitrite. Experiments were then carried out in which peroxynitrite-mediated plasmid DNA nick formation in the presence or absence of organoselenium compounds and GSH was monitored. The results demonstrate that GSH-mediated redox cycling of selenium enhances the protective effects of phenylaminoethyl selenides against peroxynitrite-induced DNA damage.
Protease Antigen Recovery Decreases the Specificity of Bromodeoxyuridine Detection In Formalin-fixed Tissue

Incorporation of halogenated nucleotide analogues is often used to assess DNA synthesis and to quantitate cellular proliferation. Multiple antibodies have been developed to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and it is the most frequently utilized substrate. Because the immunodetection of incorporated BrdUrd requires DNA denaturation or nuclease digestion, most of these antibodies are not reactive in tissues or cells fixed with crosslinking agents. Antigen retrieval techniques utilizing protease digestion restore BrdUrd antigenicity and permit the detection of BrdUrd in formalin-fixed tissue. However, during the development of a double label immunohistochemical protocol to quantitate proliferating alveolar Type II cells, we noted nucleus-specific staining in lung sections from animals that had not received BrdUrd. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the specificity of the immunohistochemical detection of incorporated BrdUrd in formalin-fixed tissue after protease digestion. Enzymatic antigen recovery diminished ...
Cord Blood Stem Cells: A Review of Potential Neurological Applications

It is estimated that as many as 128M individuals in the United States, or 1 in 3 people, might benefit from regenerative medicine therapy. Many of these usages include applications that affect the nervous system, including cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal cord injury and neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson’s. The numbers of such individuals affected range from 10,000 (for cerebral palsy) to 700,000 annually (for stroke) at a cost of more than $65B. For the foreseeable future, regenerative medicine entree to the clinic will depend upon the development of adult or non-embryonic stem (ES) cell therapies. Currently, non-ES cells easily available in large numbers from affected individuals can be found in the bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood (CB). It is our belief that CB stem cells are the best alternative to ES cells as these stem cells can be used to derive tissues from the mesodermal, endodermal and ectodermal germ lineages. CB contains a mixture of different types of stem cells in numbers not seen in any other location including embryonic-like stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial stem cells, epithelial stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and unrestricted somatic stem cells. This review will summarize the findings reported in the literature with regards to the use of CB stem cells to neurological applications including in vitro work, pre-clinical animal studies, and patient clinical trials.
PUBLIC POLICIES FOR COMMUNITIES IN ECONOMIC CRISIS

The 1980's very likely will see a major restructuring of the nation's and the world economy. In the process industries and communities that were the growth centers of previous decades will experience economic crisis. This restructuring—presaged in this country by the decaying productivity of certain basic manufacturing industries—will mean that a number of places can no longer provide sufficient income or Jobs for their people nor maintain the quality of existing public amenities. As this process of disinvestment goes forward, these communities face the challenge of finding new economic and social roles, reducing the impacts of job losses, and maintaining the quality of life within severe fiscal limits.
Novel transient scattering technique for femtosecond dephasing measurements.

A novel transient scattering technique is proposed for femtosecond dephasing time measurements. This technique provides several advantages compared with existing techniques for time-domain dephasing measurements, including resolution below the pulse width, insensitivity to rapid energy relaxation, and clear demarcation between homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening. We report experimental results for the dye Nile blue in solution; the dephasing time T2 is determined to be less than 20 fsec.
The hidden injuries of overloading 'ADT'

The most commonly stated definition of abstract data type (ADT) is that it is a domain of values and the operations over that domain. So, for example, a language's built-in types, like int are seen to be ADTs. It is our opinion that a pure interpretation of this definition yields a semantics in which using an ADT is the same as using built-in types: the operations are side effect free and there is no concern over alias, shallow copy or synchronization problems. Unfortunately, the term abstract data type has over time been associated with at least three distinct meanings, and those incompatible definitions have often been conflated, causing confusion to students and textbook authors alike. We believe that this has resulted in a loss of appreciation for the value-based semantics of ADTs.
Hardware in the Loop Test for Relay Model Validation

Future naval ships requires significantly larger amount of energy and power due to loads as pulse weapons and electromagnetic aircraft launch system (EMALS). Modeling and simulation in different conditions are needed for better design of future shipboard power system (SPS). hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation is often used to understand the behavior of a new device, or to predict an outcome under different system conditions without knowing the detail of device design. This paper presents a design procedure of HIL test for power system modeling and simulation using Simulink and national instruments (NI) equipments. A HIL simulation refers to a system in which parts of a pure simulation have been replaced with actual physical components. Additionally, a HIL test could help to build a model and validate a model of a new device. Thus a HIL test provides a testing platform for power devices. Design procedure for the HIL test and simulation results obtained by interfacing a power system with the relay model built in Simulink with NI equipment have been presented.
Reducing the communication overhead of dynamic applications on shared memory multiprocessors

Shared memory machines offer the convenience of a shared address space. This makes them particularly appealing for applications with dynamic communication behavior since the mechanisms for data transfer between processors is hidden from the programmer. But the scalability of these machines is often limited by the latencies incurred in accessing locations in remote memories. Caches alleviate this problem by exploiting the temporal and spatial locality in an application. However, the induced traffic for maintaining coherence can have a large impact on limiting performance. Invalidation-based protocols for coherence maintenance are conservative and always resort to receiver-initiated communication. Thus the receiver may have to experience the entire latency of the data transfer even though the data item may have been available much earlier. Update-based schemes, though sender-initiated, can incur high write overheads by sending redundant updates to processors that may not need them. The goal of this research is to reduce the read and write latencies of applications with dynamic communication behavior by employing intelligent sender-initiated data transfer mechanisms. In the process, we would like to keep our demands from the programmer, the compiler, and the hardware as low as possible. Towards this goal, we present a set of write primitives that lower the communication overhead for shared memory accesses governed by locks. We demonstrate the performance benefits of these primitives using a database application drawn from the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) domain. We explore the competitive update mechanism for the remaining shared memory accesses. Using a set of applications, we examine the amount of history that we need to maintain for an effective competitive update scheme. We also show how this effective scheme can be implemented in software on emerging shared memory architectures with little hardware support.
Superconductivity for CaC 6 to 32 GPa hydrostatic pressure

The dependence of the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of ${\text{CaC}}_{6}$ has been determined as a function of hydrostatic pressure in both helium-loaded gas and diamond-anvil cells to 0.6 GPa and 32 GPa, respectively. Following an initial increase at the rate $+0.39(1)\text{ }\text{K}/\text{GPa}$, ${T}_{c}$ drops abruptly from 15 to 4 K at $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{GPa}$. Between 18 and 32 GPa, no superconducting transition is observed above 2 K.
A class of programming language mechanisms to facilitate multiple implementations of the same specification

To facilitate construction and use of multiple implementations of the same specification, it is shown that an important class of programming language mechanisms, not present in languages such as Ada, is essential. Ways to enhance Ada with these mechanisms are proposed, and a small set of programming language mechanisms to facilitate the use of multiple implementations is presented. By means of these mechanisms, the functionality and the performance of software systems can be separated, specified, analyzed, and verified. It is argued, using realistic examples, that it is necessary to name specifications and implementations separately, to distinguish parameters of specifications and implementations, and for it to be possible for clients to associate different implementations with different instances of the same abstractions. To support these possibilities, it is shown that some basic language mechanisms are essential. How the proposed solutions can be extended to produce performance-parameterized implementations and reusable translators is outlined. >
LL-02TEMOZOLOMIDE IN PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM POST-TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER (CNS-PTLD): A CASE SERIES

BACKGROUND: CNS-PTLD is associated with inferior survival, compared to other forms of PTLD. Rituximab, high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) or cytarabine along with reduction of immunosuppression is the current standard of care. Although temozolomide has been used successfully in primary CNS lymphoma, its role in CNS-PTLD is unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data for patients with CNS-PTLD, at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. RESULTS: We identified five females and one male. The median age was 53 years (range 18-67). Two had kidney transplants; two had kidney-pancreas transplants; one had a heart transplant and one had a heart-liver transplant. The immunosuppressive regimens included prednisone with either cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus. The median interval between the transplant and CNS-PTLD diagnosis was 24 months (range 9-108). Patients presented with altered mental status (50%) or focal neurological deficits (83%). The radiographic appearance was solitary (33%) or multiple (66%) masses. Histology was polymorphic (33%) or monomorphic (66%). Tumor cells were positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and CD20 in all cases. Quantitative EBV DNA in blood was detected in five patients (<2.70 to 14000 copies/ml). Two patients underwent total and subtotal resection respectively. In addition to reduction of immunosuppression, all patients received rituximab (mean = 4.5 cycles, range 1-6) and temozolomide (mean = 6 cycles, range 1-12). Three patients received HD-MTX also. Temozolomide was used either as a second line agent due to worsening renal function or as a first line agent if baseline renal function was poor. The complete remission rate was 50% with no disease progression in any of the patients. At a median follow-up of 17 months (range 1-54), overall survival was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates a promising role for temozolomide in CNS-PTLD. There may also be a role for surgical resection when feasible, as described for PTLD at other sites.
Queueing analysis for shared buffer switching networks for non-uniform traffic

Uniform traffic does not represent a realistic view of traffic patterns in real systems. Non-uniform traffic models better reflect the traffic patterns that need to be accommodated. Such traffic may cause the network performance to deteriorate to much lower levels than the ones predicted by uniform traffic analysis. The authors extend the queueing analysis for buffered networks by providing methods for analyzing the queueing behavior of switching networks under non-uniform traffic patterns. They focus on shared buffer switch elements because they have better performance than input or output buffered elements. The analytical method for performance evaluation is compared with simulation on the basis of accuracy, where the performance is measured in terms of maximum throughput and probability of cell loss.
A method of estimating multicomponent nonaqueous‐phase liquid mass in porous media using aqueous concentration ratios

A simple dissolution model based on Raoult's Law was used to derive a log-linear equation for the estimation of multicomponent nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) mass in porous media. The analysis, referred to here as the ratio mass estimation (RME) method, requires aqueous concentration ratios for two components of the NAPL mixture as well as their pure phase liquid solubilities. Application of the equation using data from a previously reported column experiment, in which 1.22 g of a benzene/toluene NAPL were flushed with water, yielded an estimate of 1.2 g of NAPL. In addition, data from two in situ field column experiments of gasoline dissolution were examined. In those experiments, three ratio pairs, benzene/toluene, ethylbenzene/toluene, and ethylbenzene/benzene, were considered from each cell, and the initial NAPL masses were estimated to be between 39 and 42 kg NAPL, within 30% of the true NAPL masses of 54 kg in each cell. Finally, data from the flushing of a controlled release of chlorinated solvents (chloroform, trichloroethene, and tetrachloroethene) inside a sheet pile cell were examined, and the initial NAPL mass was estimated to within 15% of the true value. The RME analysis is based on several simplifying assumptions and should be used with caution. However, this work shows it to be potentially useful under conditions that might be encountered at sites. The analysis is simple and based on data that are often collected routinely.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Empirically-based Interventions for Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions.

Introduction to the Special Issue... Young people in late adolescence and early adulthood have higher rates of serious mental health conditions (SMHCs) than any other age cohort in the U.S. population, yet they are also the age group least likely to engage in services. Research evidence developed over the past decade and a half has amply documented the poor outcomes and difficult life trajectories experienced by older adolescents and young adults with SMHCs; however, only recently has attention been turned to developing interventions that respond to their unique needs and preferences. This special issue of the Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research highlights new research that contributes to knowledge about interventions and programs that are successful in improving outcomes for emerging adults, older adolescents and young adults between the ages of about 17 and 25, who experience serious mental health conditions. The papers that comprise this special issue describe research that is grounded in what can be described as a “positive developmental” approach to working with emerging adults with SMHCs. The lead article1 for the issue describes this positive developmental approach in terms of a set of core features that are shared across a number of interventions and programs that have empirical evidence of effectiveness for the population. The article points out that, despite the apparent success and growing popularity of interventions and programs that incorporate these shared features, there has not been any clear theoretical description of why or how interventions built around the features should “work” to produce desired outcomes. The article draws on existing research and a blend of theories, including theories of positive development, self-determination, ecological systems and social capital, to propose a general theory of change for positive developmental approaches to improving outcomes for emerging adults with SMHCs. The paper argues that a clearer theoretical specification can contribute to the creation of efficient strategies for building the research base and for training providers to work more effectively with the population. The subsequent papers included in this special issue reflect the diversity of strategies that are being used to develop and evaluate interventions that include features of the positive developmental approach and that are designed specifically to improve outcomes for emerging adults with SMHCs. Several of the papers focus on efforts to adapt interventions that have evidence of success with other populations,2-4 while another paper focuses on an intervention originally developed specifically for emerging adults with SMHCs.5 An additional paper describes research on a culturally grounded intervention approach focused on supporting positive Introduction to the Special Issue: Empirically-based Interventions for Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions
THE EFFECTS OF COCAINE ON BEHAVIOR MAINTAINED BY TIMEOUT FROM AVOIDANCE

Rats were trained on concurrent schedules under which responses on one lever postponed shock (avoidance) and responses on the other lever produced brief (2-min) periods of signaled timeout from avoidance. For 6 rats, timeout from avoidance was programmed on a variable-interval 45-s schedule that generally resulted in rates that were lower than those on the avoidance lever. For another 6 rats, timeout was arranged on a variable-ratio 15 schedule that produced higher baseline rates. Cocaine (3 to 40 mg/kg) produced large, dose-dependent increases in behavior maintained by timeout in both groups of rats. Avoidance responding was also generally increased by cocaine, but the increases were of lesser magnitude. Increases in response rates were seen across a broad range of doses on behavior maintained by either interval or ratio schedules, an outcome that was unexpected on the basis of most studies of cocaine on food-maintained behavior. These results were similar to those of previous studies of the effects of amphetamine on behavior maintained by timeout from avoidance and suggest that stimulant drugs affect behavior maintained under a shock-postponement schedule differently than they affect behavior maintained by timeout from avoidance.
Use of canopy temperature measurements as a screening tool for drought tolerance in spring wheat

Remotely sensed infrared canopy temperatures provide an efficient method for rapid, non-destructive monitoring of whole-plant response to water stress. Field studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to evaluate the potential for using canopy temperatures to screen for drought tolerance in wheat. In both years, 12 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were grown under two irrigation levels (well-watered and moisture-stressed) imposed between tillering and anthesis with a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. Canopy temperature measurements were taken in well-watered and moisture-stressed plots between 1330 and 1430 h (MDT) on five clear days in 1992 and seven clear days in 1993 during the late vegetative and early reproductive growth periods following closure of the plant canopy. Genotypes exhibited differences in mean canopy temperatures across the two irrigation levels and two years. Klasic consistently had the highest canopy temperature under moisture-stressed conditions, while Bannock and Pondera had the lowest. Bannock, Yecora Rojo and Klasic had the warmest canopies under well-watered conditions, while Vandal, Amidon and Rick had the coolest. Plot-to-plot variation in canopy temperature under water stress conditions was evident for differences in grain yield. Significant correlations between canopy temperature and yield under moisture-stress conditions and drought susceptibility index values indicated the potential for screening wheat genotypes for drought response.
Equivalence Verification of Polynomial Datapaths Using Ideal Membership Testing

This paper addresses the equivalence verification problem of register-transfer level (RTL) descriptions that implement arithmetic computations (such as add, mult) over bit vectors with finite widths. A bit vector of size represents integer values from 0 to 2m-1, implying that the corresponding integer values are reduced modulo 2m(%2m). This suggests that bit-vector arithmetic can be efficiently modeled as algebra over finite integer rings, where the bit-vector size (m) dictates the cardinality of the ring (Z2 m). This paper models the arithmetic datapath verification problem as the equivalence testing of polynomial functions from Z2 n 1timesZ2 n 2times...timesZ2 n drarrZ2 m. We formulate the equivalence problem into that of proving whether f-gequiv0%2m. Fundamental concepts and results from ldquonumber,rdquo ldquoring,rdquo and ldquoideal theoryrdquo are subsequently employed to develop systematic complete algorithmic procedures to solve the problem. We demonstrate the application of the proposed theoretical concepts to high-level (behavioral/RTL) verification of bit-vector arithmetic within practical computer-aided design settings. Using our approach, we verify a set of arithmetic datapaths at RTL, where contemporary verification approaches prove to be infeasible.
The role of transdermal estrogen sprays and estradiol topical emulsion in the management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are among the most bothersome complaints of postmenopausal women. To date, the most widely studied and effective treatment for VMS is hormone replacement therapy, consisting of estrogen (in women without a uterus) or estrogen plus progestin (in women with a uterus). Traditionally, oral estrogens have been used for treatment. However, over the years, additional estrogen formulations have been developed including transdermal patches; vaginal rings, creams, and tablets; and injectable preparations. Two newer formulations are transdermal estrogen spray and estradiol topical emulsion. This review evaluates the current literature assessing the use of these two newer formulations for the treatment of VMS associated with menopause.
Time-Sensitive Virtual Machines Provisioning and Resource Allocation in Clouds

To efficiently utilize the resources in cloud computing systems, many allocation algorithms have been studied. In this work, for user requests that have timing constraints (i.e., deadlines), we study time-sensitive resource allocation and virtual machine provisioning schemes in cloud systems. Specifically, considering a cloud system with multiple pools of resources (e.g., computing cores and memory) where the resources are provisioned to user requests in the form of virtual machines (VMs), we first study the earliest deadline first (EDF) resource allocation scheme where the request with the earliest deadline is served first. Then, by incorporating both resource usage efficiency and deadlines of requests, we propose a time-sensitive resource (TSR) allocation scheme. A unified scheme that integrates the ideas of both EDF and TSR is also studied. By incorporating the classical mapping schemes (i.e., first-fit, best-fit and worst fit) when selecting the pool of resources, the proposed schemes are evaluated through extensive simulations using real-application trace data. The results show that the proposed schemes can significantly out-perform the state-of-the-art deadline oblivious resource allocation scheme with up to 25% more user requests being served and up to 5% more benefit being achieved, especially for over-loaded cloud systems.
Public Utility Old Money Preferred Stocks

Public utilities can claim a partial dividends‐paid deduction on “old money” preferred stock (OMPS) but the 42 percent dividends‐received deduction (DRD) allowed to corporate investors is lower than the 70 percent DRD allowed on other types of preferred stock. This study provides evidence that the implicit tax borne by OMPS is lower than that of other preferred stock and that the estimated implicit tax associated with the 70 percent DRD is much higher than prior research suggests. Evidence is also presented indicating that marginal investors in OMPS are corporations with marginal tax rates between 26.3 percent and 27.2 percent. Finally, this study provides evidence that public utilities use OMPS financing in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, other types of preferred stock. This result suggests that tax considerations influence public utility managers' capital structure decisions even though tax savings flow through to ratepayers in the rate‐making process.
El conflicto generacional en dos novelistas hispanoamericanos: Adolfo Bioy Casares y Elena Portocarrero

La escritora peruana Elena Portocarrero publico en 1974, en Buenos Aires, La multiplicacion de las viejas. Cinco anos antes, en 1969, habia aparecido la obra de un veterano narrador argentino, El diario de la guerra del cerdo de Adolfo Bioy Casares. Las dos novelas coinciden en presentar una historia como parabola de la fractura generacional entre jovenesy viejos, pero se oponen por un juego variado de rasgos formales, por el distinto grado de organicidad del relato, especialmente, por la ideologia subyacente.
Medico-Legal Considerations and Patient Safety

A shared airway, presence of the elements of fire, risk of bleeding, likelihood of comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea, intraoperative position changes, long and complex surgeries combine to increase the incidence of perioperative complications during otolaryngology procedures. Not uncommonly, these complications may be interpreted as malpractice and the case becomes entangled in the medico-legal system. Understanding this system and developing strategies to avoid poor or even catastrophic outcomes are essential to the entire otolaryngology team.
Couchia Circumplexa, A Water Mold Parasitic in Midge Eggs

Couchia circumplexa is described as the type of a new genus of the Saprolegniaceae. The fungus parasitizes eggs of midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) producing appressorial complexes aiding in penetrat...
Assembly and comparative analysis of transposable elements from low coverage genomic sequence data in Asparagales1

The research field of comparative genomics is moving from a focus on genes to a more holistic view including the repetitive complement. This study aimed to characterize relative proportions of the ...
Characterization and Comparison of the Performance of IRMOF-1, IRMOF-8, and IRMOF-10 for CO2 Adsorption in the Subcritical and Supercritical Regimes

Using Expanded Wang–Landau simulations, we have determined with great accuracy the grand-canonical partition function of CO2 adsorbed in IRMOF-1, IRMOF-8, and IRMOF-10. Then, following a solution thermodynamics approach to adsorption, we use the partition function so obtained to calculate the immersion and desorption free energy, enthalpy, and entropy, which provide a complete thermodynamic characterization of the three systems. Excess and immersion functions are found to be monotonic functions of pressure in the subcritical regime and to present an extremum in the supercritical regime. However, for both regimes, our results show the predominant contribution of the immersion enthalpy to the excess enthalpy of adsorption and the lesser contribution of the other two immersion functions (Gibbs free energy and entropy) to the corresponding excess functions. The results also indicate that the desorption free energy, corresponding to the minimum isothermal work required to regenerate the adsorbent, is directly ...
NATIONAL TRENDS OF PCI AND CONCURRENT MORTALITY IN PATIENTS ≥75 YEARS AGE HOSPITALIZED DUE TO ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

The national epidemiology and temporal trends of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and concurrent mortality in patients ≥75 years hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unknown. We sought to characterize the trend and outcome of this life saving procedure in this population
Root-refining for a polynomial equation

Polynomial root-finding usually consists of two stages. At first a crude approximation to a root is slowly computed; then it is much faster refined by means of the same or distinct iterations. The efficiency of computing an initial approximation resists formal study, and the users employ empirical data. In contrast, the efficiency of refinement is formally measured by the classical concept q1/α where q is the convergence order and α is the number of function evaluations per iteration. To cover iterations not reduced to function evaluations alone, e.g., ones simultaneously refining n approximations to all n roots of a degree n polynomial, we let d denote the number of arithmetic operations involved in an iteration divided by 2n because we can evaluate such a polynomial at a point by using 2n operations. For this task we employ recursive polynomial factorization to yield refinement with the efficiency $2^{cn/\log^2 n}$ for a positive constant c. For large n this is a dramatic increase versus the record efficiency 2 of refining an approximation to a single root of a polynomial. The advance could motivate practical use of the proposed root-refiners.
Effect of location and filling of d-states on methane activation in single site Fe-based catalysts

Abstract Theoretical studies on the activation of the C-H bond in methane by an Iron atom bound to four different sites on a silica model support indicate that the lowest activation barrier is found for the case when the Fe is bound to three exposed silicon sites. A molecular orbital analysis reveals that the transition state is stabilized by two filled 3d orbitals that mix with the HOMO and LUMO of methane respectively, indicating how the energy and occupation of the 3d orbitals determine the reaction barrier. The studies offer a strategy for identifying candidates with optimal electronic structure for maximizing C-H bond activation using non-precious metals.
Release of luteinizing hormone after administration of naloxone in pre- and peripuberal heifers.

This study was conducted to inves- tigate regulation of LH release by opioid peptides during puberal development in beef heifers. Four- teen heifers were randomly assigned to receive naloxone (opioid antagonist) i.v. at dosages of either 1 mg.kg BW-l.wk-l (Dose 11 or .25 mg.kg BW-'.wk-I (Dose 21 for 13 wk or until puberty. Blood was sampled (one sample every 15 mid 6 h before (prenaloxone) and 2 h after naloxone administration. Two hours after naloxone adminis- tration, GnRH (10 ng/kg BW was administered and blood was sampled for 1 h. Nine heifers attained puberty during the study. There were no differences between naloxone dosage groups for any measured variables. Therefore, heifers were grouped dependent on the attainment of puberty. Prenaloxone concentrations of serum LH and LH pulse frequency were normal for prepuberal heif- ers. Serum LH concentrations increased within 30 min after naloxone 135 of 139 times it was administered (P < .051. Serum LH concentrations during the hour after naloxone were higher (P < ,051 than those during the hour before naloxone in both puberal and nonpuberal heifers. In puberal heifers, serum LH pulse height during the hour after naloxone was greater (P < .02) at 5 wk before puberty and lower (P e .021 the week before puberty than at other times during the trial. There was no effect of week on serum LH pulse height after naloxone in heifers that failed to attain puberty during the study. Response of LH to GnRH was similar between groups. We conclude that the opioid system is functional in heifers from the prepuberal period to the luteal phase of the puberal estrous cycle. In addition, LH concentra- tions in response to naloxone changed during puberal development and may indicate that opi- oids are related to events leading to puberty.
Intake of antioxidant vitamins and risk of Parkinson's disease

Introduction Oxidative stress is proposed to be one of the potential mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. However, previous epidemiologic studies investigating associations between antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamins E and C and carotenoids, and PD risk have produced inconsistent results. Objective The objective of this work was to prospectively examine associations between intakes of antioxidant vitamins, including vitamins E and C and carotenoids, and PD risk. Methods Cases were identified in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Cohort members completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires every 4 years. Results A total of 1036 PD cases were identified. Dietary intakes of vitamin E and carotenoids were not associated with PD risk; the multivariable-adjusted relative risk comparing extreme intake quintiles were 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.14) and 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.69-1.37), respectively. Dietary vitamin C intake was significantly associated with reduced PD risk (relative risk: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.01; ptrend , 0.01); however, this result was not significant in a 4-year lag analysis. For vitamins E and C, intake from foods and supplements combined were also unrelated to PD risk. Conclusions Our results do not support the hypothesis that intake of antioxidant vitamins reduces the risk of PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Expression of shared idiotypes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma

The expression of shared idiotypes (Slds) has been studied on malignant CD5+B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) using a panel of 37 murine monoclonal antibodies previously demonstrated to be reactive with Slds derived from follicular B-cell lymphomas. Thirteen anti-Slds identified tumor cells from 31 of 105 (30%) CLL patients and 4 of 6 SLL patients. In comparison, the same panel of anti-Slds is reactive with 33% of follicular and diffuse B-cell lymphomas. Ten of these anti-Slds reacted with CLL cases at similar frequencies to that of the B-cell lymphomas. Two anti-Slds, which are known to react with autoantibodies, were significantly more prevalent in CLL than in B-cell lymphomas. These data confirm the presence of Slds in CLL and provide further evidence of an association between CLL and autoimmunity. The identification of a panel of antibodies reactive with a significant number of CLL and SLL patients will facilitate the application of anti-idiotype antibody therapy in these diseases.
Visualization and imaging

Imaging and visualization techniques for aircraft security are discussed. Planar transmission imaging techniques using x-rays and nuclear radiation are described along with their intrinsic limitations. Methods for distinguishing materials using dual - energy and multi-energy x-ray sources are shown along with techniques for simulating materials with mixtures of other materials. Tomographic reconstruction methods are derived and estimates made of their performance. X-ray diffraction imaging is shown as an alternative method to transmission measurements. Evaluation of overall system performance through the use of "receiver operator characteristics" (ROC) methods is discussed along with their application to evaluation of performance of screening systems.
Incidence of Sinusitis Associated With Endotracheal and Nasogastric Tubes: NIS Database.

Background Endotracheal and nasogastric tubes are recognized risk factors for nosocomial sinusitis. The extent to which these tubes affect the overall incidence of nosocomial sinusitis in acute care hospitals is unknown. Objective To use data for 2008 through 2013 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to compare the incidence of sinusitis in patients with nasogastric tubes with that in patients with an endotracheal tube alone or with both an endotracheal tube and a nasogastric tube. Methods Patients' data with any of the following International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were abstracted from the database: (1) 96.6, enteral infusion of concentrated nutritional substances; (2) 96.07, insertion of other (naso-)gastric tube; or (3) 96.04, insertion of an endotracheal tube. Sinusitis was defined by the appropriate codes. Weighted and unweighted frequencies and weighted percentages were calculated, categorical comparisons were made by χ2 test, and logistic regression was used to examine odds of sinusitis development by tube type. Results Of 1 141 632 included cases, most (68.57%) had an endotracheal tube only, 23.02% had a nasogastric tube only, and 8.41% had both types of tubes. Sinusitis was present in 0.15% of the sample. Compared with patients with only a nasogastric tube, the risk for sinusitis was 41% greater in patients with an endotracheal tube and 200% greater in patients with both tubes. Conclusion Despite the low incidence of sinusitis, a significant association exists between sinusitis and the presence of an endotracheal tube, especially when a nasogastric tube is also present.
Re-Examining the Role of Dichloramine in High-Yield N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation from N,N-Dimethyl-α-arylamines

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a potent carcinogen associated with chloramination of wastewater and wastewater-impacted drinking waters. Substantial effort has been expended to identify the precursors and mechanisms leading to NDMA formation. One of the major discoveries has been that molecules in the N,N-dimethyl-α-arylamine class, including the common pharmaceutical ranitidine, form NDMA in high yield during chloramination. Simultaneously, it was hypothesized that these precursors react with monochloramine, the dominant species in most chloramine mixtures, to form NDMA. This monochloramine hypothesis contradicts past mechanistic work with simple secondary amines, as well as practical experience showing that minimization of dichloramine reduces the level of NDMA formation during wastewater reuse and drinking water treatment. In this work, we address the contradiction between practical experience and model precursor studies by showing that N,N-dimethyl-α-arylamines form NDMA chiefly via reactions with d...
Word-Level Evidence of the Role of Phonological Decoding During Orthographic Learning: A Direct Test of the Item-Based Assumption

The goal of this study was to test the item-based assumption of the self-teaching hypothesis by reanalyzing Cunningham’s (2006) data. In Cunningham’s study, 37 first graders participated in a self-...
Application of Membrane Mimetic Chemistry to Fossil Fuel Conversion and Environmental Engineering

Some recent developments of using the membrane-mimetic chemistry concept for dealing with energy conversion and environmental energy are reviewed. The heading are I. The regular framework formation in solutions containing dissolved silicates, II. In situ surfactant from petroleum and vesicles, Ill. Asphaltene peptization and conversions, IV. Reverse micelle multiphase biocatalysis.
THE AFRICAN ARENAVIRUSES LASSA AND MOPEIA: BIOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL COMPARISONS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the biological and immunochemical comparisons of the African arenaviruses Lassa and Mopeia. All the strains of Lassa virus so far tested induce a characteristic disease course in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs and in Rhesus monkeys, with pyrexia, viremia, and high concentrations of virus in liver, kidney and spleen. The disease is uniformly fatal in monkeys and causes 60–70% mortality in the guinea pig. No significant differences have been noted between the different virus strains used, including those isolated direct from Mastomys rather than from human cases of Lassa fever. Cross-reactions between many different strains of virus can be conveniently analyzed at the level of individual polypeptide species by the separation of lysates of infected cells on SDS-polyacryl amide gels followed by transfer to nitrocellulose blots and incubation with appropriate antisera. When antisera raised against S.E. African Arena viruses are used, a completely different pattern of reactivity is found. The N protein of the S.E. African viruses reacts strongly with antibody; however, W. African N proteins react weakly or not at all and no antibody binds to the glycoprotein even of the homologous virus.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Hepatic Resection Versus Transplantation

From 1980 to 1989,76 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were treated by subtotal hepatic resection (HX) and 105 by orthotopic liver transplantation (TX). The overall 1 to 5 year survival rates of the HX group were 71.1%, 55.0%, 47.2%, 37.2% and 32.9% respectively, and those of the TX group were 65.7%, 49.0%, 39.2%, 35.6% and 35.6%, respectively. The survival was similar stage by stage in both groups and correlated well with the pTNM classification. Tumor recurrence was high in both groups after HX (50%) and TX (43%) particularly in stages IV-A (≥ 60%). Twelve patients after HX and 13 patients after TX lived more than 5 years.