cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Interference Rejection Bluetooth Low-Energy Back-Channel Receiver With LO Frequency Hopping

Two prototypes of low-power back-channel (BC) Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) wake-up receivers are presented. The receivers scan the BLE advertising channels for modulated advertising channel patterns by hopping the local oscillator (LO) frequency. The BC message is modulated in the sequence of the three advertising channels in each advertising event. This makes the wake-up via BC messaging compatible with the BLE standard, so it can be generated by a commercial off-the-shelf device. The first proposed receiver uses a dual mixer to downconvert the RF input to reduce the ring-based LO power consumption by operating it at half the RF frequency. The second prototype aims to achieve faster channel hopping using a more stable and lower noise $LC$ -based oscillator. The receivers have −57.5-dBm/−82.2-dBm sensitivity while consuming 150 $\mu \text{W}$ /1.2 mW.
Activated protein C in neuroprotection and malaria.

Purpose of reviewActivated protein C (APC) is a homeostatic coagulation protease with anticoagulant and cytoprotective activities. Focusing on APC's effects in the brain, this review discusses three different scenarios that illustrate how APC functions are intimately affecting the physiology and pat
Planning the Second Generation of Smart Cities: Technology to handle the pressures of urbanization

With rising prosperity and the transformation of societies around the globe, the largest wave of urbanization ever is taking place. This migration of people from rural to urban areas is creating pressure on cities worldwide. In 1950, there were 83 cities with more than 1 million residents. That year, the urban population of the world was 751 million, according to the United Nations. As of 2018, there were 512 such cities, and the urban population was 4.2 billion. The IEEE predicts that the urban population will reach 5 billion (about 60% of the world population) by 2030.
Cancer Rehabilitation:: Acute and Chronic Issues, Nerve Injury, Radiation Sequelae, Surgical and Chemo-Related, Part 2

Cancer affects millions of individuals, and approximately half will develop functional impairments. Cancers that commonly, either from direct effects or from its treatments, result in functional impairments include breast, head and neck, brain, and spinal cord tumors. There is a plethora of potential impairments including pain, spasticity, dystonia, weakness, and neurogenic bowel or bladder. This article reviews the functional impairments frequently encountered in breast, head and neck, brain, and spinal cord tumors. The authors also discuss management and treatment options incorporated in comprehensive cancer rehabilitation to address these impairments to maximize and maintain function and quality of life.
Probing U 5f Covalency in Uranium Compounds through Oxidant 2p Bonding

Oxidant K (1s) X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) was used to investigate covalency in the Oxidant 2p — Uranium 5f bonds of Uranium Dioxide (UO2) and Uranium Tetrafluoride (UF4). It will be shown th...
Black Panther and the Alt-right: networks of racial ideology

This essay analyzes how far-right paratexts enunciate and circulate frameworks of interpretation that situate the film, Black Panther, as a Trumpian homage. Such rubrics travel through an interconn...
Age Differences in COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Mental Health: Evidence From a National U.S. Survey Conducted in March 2020.

OBJECTIVES: Theories of aging posit that older adult age is associated with less negative emotions, but few studies have examined age differences at times of novel challenges. As COVID-19 spread in the United States, this study therefore aimed to examine age differences in risk perceptions, anxiety and depression. METHOD: In March 2020, a nationally representative address-based sample of 6666 US adults assessed their perceived risk of getting COVID-19, dying if getting it, getting quarantined, losing their job (if currently working), and running out of money. They completed a mental health assessment for anxiety and depression. Demographic variables and pre-crisis depression diagnosis had previously been reported. RESULTS: In regression analyses controlling for demographic variables and survey date, older adult age was associated with perceiving larger risks of dying if getting COVID-19, but with perceiving less risk of getting COVID-19, getting quarantined, or running out of money, as well as less depression and anxiety. Findings held after additionally controlling for pre-crisis reports of depression diagnosis. DISCUSSION: With the exception of perceived infection-fatality risk, US adults who were relatively older appeared to have a more optimistic outlook and better mental health during the early stages of the pandemic. Interventions may be needed to help people of all ages maintain realistic perceptions of the risks, while also managing depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Implications for risk communication and mental health interventions are discussed.
Rehabilitation nursing countermeasures for children with severe viral encephalitis

Objective To study the effect of rehabilitation nursing care on the rehabilitation and prognosis of children with severe viral encephalitis. Mehods 120 children with severe viral encephalitis treated at our hospital from June, 2013 to June, 2015 were selected as study objects and were randomly divided into a study group and a control group using random number table method, 60 for each group. The control group were routinely treated and cared. The study group were intervened with rehabilitation nursing measures. After 1 month's treatment and nursing care, the times for the disappearance of symptoms and signs of the two groups were observed and compared. The rehabilitation effect was evaluated and analyzed. After 1 year's treatment, the status of disability in the two groups was compared and analyzed. Results The times for the disappearance of consciousness disturbance, cranial nerve disorders, limb disorders, and convulsion were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The rehabilitation effect was significantly better in the study group than in the control group (91.67% vs. 78.33%), with a statistical difference (χ2=4.1830, P=0.0408). The incidences of language disorders, mental retardation, limb disorders, and behavioral abnormalities were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation nursing measures for children with severe viral encephalitis can significantly improve the rehabilitation effect, shorten the rehabilitation time, and reduce the disability rate, so it is worth being widely genealized. Key words: Severe viral encephalitis; Children; Rehabilitation nursing care; Effect
Spatially Resolved Investigation of Mixed Valence and Insulator-to-Metal Transition in an Organic Salt.

Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS), we investigate the evolution of electronic structures across the boundaries of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and K-TCNQ assembl...
Mechanistic insights into cardiovascular protection for omega-3 fatty acids and their bioactive lipid metabolites.

Patients with well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but persistent high triglycerides, remain at increased risk for cardiovascular events as evidenced by multiple genetic and epidemiologic studies, as well as recent clinical outcome trials. While many trials of low-dose ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown mixed results to reduce cardiovascular events, recent trials with high-dose ω3-PUFAs have reignited interest in ω3-PUFAs, particularly EPA, in cardiovascular disease (CVD). REDUCE-IT demonstrated that high-dose EPA (4 g/day icosapent-ethyl) reduced a composite of clinical events by 25% in statin-treated patients with established CVD or diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. Outcome trials in similar statin-treated patients using DHA-containing high-dose ω3 formulations have not yet shown the benefits of EPA alone. However, there are data to show that high-dose ω3-PUFAs in patients with acute myocardial infarction had reduced left ventricular remodelling, non-infarct myocardial fibrosis, and systemic inflammation. ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, along with their metabolites, such as oxylipins and other lipid mediators, have complex effects on the cardiovascular system. Together they target free fatty acid receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in various tissues to modulate inflammation and lipid metabolism. Here, we review these multifactorial mechanisms of ω3-PUFAs in view of recent clinical findings. These findings indicate physico-chemical and biological diversity among ω3-PUFAs that influence tissue distributions as well as disparate effects on membrane organization, rates of lipid oxidation, as well as various receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and effects on gene expression.
Porous metal–organic alloys based on soluble coordination cages

Diverse strategies for the preparation of mixed-metal three-dimensional porous solids abound, although many of them lend themselves only moderate levels of tunability. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of surface functionalized permanently microporous coordination cages and their use in the isolation of mixed metal solids. Judicious alkoxide-based ligand functionalization was utilized to tune the solubility of starting copper(II)-based cages and their resulting compatibility with the mixed-cage approach described here. We further prepared a family of isostructural molybdenum(II) cages for a subset of the ligands. The preparation of mixed-metal cage solids proceeds under facile conditions where solutions of parent cages are mixed and product phases isolated. A suite of spectroscopic and characterization tools confirm the starting cages are intact in the amorphous product. Finally, we show that utilization of precise ligand functional groups can be used to prepare mixed cage solids that can be easily and cleanly separated into their constituent components through simple solvent washing or solvent extraction techniques.
An Innovative Physical Therapy Intervention for Chronic Pain Management and Opioid Reduction Among People Living with HIV.

Chronic pain management has become a treatment priority for people living with HIV (PLH), and PLH may be at increased risk for opioid addiction. Physical therapy (PT) has been shown to be effective...
Lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, induces sleep and fever and suppresses feeding

Abstract Fragments of the bacterial cell wall are bioactive microbial molecules that have profound effects on the function of the brain. Some of the cell wall constituents are common to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., peptidoglycans, while other cell wall components are specific to either Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also called endotoxin, is found exclusively in Gram-negative bacteria, while lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is specific to Gram-positive bacteria. The effects of peptidoglycans, their fragments, and LPS are well characterized, they induce sleep, fever and anorexia. In the present study, we investigated the sleep, body temperature and food intake modulating effects of LTA. We found that intraperitoneal injection of 100 and 250 μg LTA from B. subtilis and S. aureus increases non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) in mice. The effects were dose-dependent, and the changes were accompanied by decreased motor activity and feeding as well as febrile responses. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 μg LTA induced monophasic increases in body temperature, while 100 and 250 μg LTA from B. subtilis induced initial hypothermia followed by fever. Treatment with 250 μg LTA from S. aureus elicited monophasic hypothermia. Administration of 300 μg/kg LTA from S. aureus directly into the portal vein elicited similar sleep responses in rats but did not affect body temperature. The sleep-modulating effects of LTA were similar to that of LPS in mice, although LTA appears to be less potent. These findings suggest that the role of LTA in signaling by Gram-positive bacteria in the host body is analogous to the role of LPS/endotoxin in signaling by Gram-negative microbes. LTA may play a role in the development of sickness response in clinically manifest Gram-positive bacterial infections and may contribute to sleep signaling by the commensal intestinal microbiota.
Rapid deforestation of a coastal landscape driven by sea-level rise and extreme events

Climate change is driving ecological shifts in coastal regions of the world, where low topographic relief makes ecosystems particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise, salinization, storm surge, and other effects of global climate change. The consequences of rising water tables and salinity can penetrate well inland, and lead to particularly dramatic changes in freshwater forested wetlands dominated by tree species with low salt tolerance. The resulting loss of coastal forests could have significant implications to the coastal carbon cycle. We quantified the rates of vegetation change including land loss, forest loss, and shrubland expansion in North Carolina's largest coastal wildlife refuge over 35 yr. Despite its protected status, and in the absence of any active forest management, 32% (31,600 hectares) of the refuge area has changed landcover classification during the study period. A total of 1,151 hectares of land was lost to the sea and ~19,300 hectares of coastal forest habitat was converted to shrubland or marsh habitat. As much as 11% of all forested cover in the refuge transitioned to a unique land cover type-"ghost forest"-characterized by standing dead trees and fallen tree trunks. The formation of this ghost forest transition state peaked prominently between 2011 and 2012, following Hurricane Irene and a 5-yr drought, with 4,500 ± 990 hectares of ghost forest forming during that year alone. This is the first attempt to map and quantify coastal ghost forests using remote sensing. Forest losses were greatest in the eastern portion of the refuge closest to the Croatan and Pamlico Sounds, but also occurred much further inland in low-elevation areas and alongside major canals. These unprecedented rates of deforestation and land cover change due to climate change may become the status quo for coastal regions worldwide, with implications for wetland function, wildlife habitat, and global carbon cycling.
TEM characterization for magnetic nano structure processing

In this article, we discuss practical factors in the application of TEM as part of development of processing of magnetic nanostructures.
Who is Poe's “Man of the Crowd”?

The critical interest attending Edgar Allan Poe’s tale “The Man of the Crowd” has come largely in the wake of Walter Benjamin’s famous essay treating the Man of the Crowd and/or the narrator as the type of the flâneur, the desultory observer of the modern capitalist cityscape.1 Since then, it has become one of the more widely discussed and debated stories in the Poe canon. Yet while ambiguities and irresolution are clearly part of its modern appeal, I would argue that the story offers up more answers to its mysteries than have yet been acknowledged. The narrator of the story sits in a London coffeehouse observing, identifying, and classifying the passing crowds, until he is arrested by the sight of an old man and what he describes as “the absolute idiosyncracy [sic] of . . . expression” on his face (Works, 2:511).2 Unable to identify or categorize the old man, the narrator follows him through the streets of London until, after a full twenty-four hours of wandering, he finally abandons the vain attempt to comprehend the stranger. He asserts that the Man of the Crowd is “the type and the genius of deep crime,” but he can penetrate the mystery no further and concludes with the remark with which he began his account, that “‘er lasst sich nicht lesen’—it does not permit itself to be read” (Works, 2:515, 506). Poe scholars have tended to focus on the character of the narrator more than on the old man himself, and in doing so they have analyzed the various ways in which the narrator is limited, inadequate, or unreliable; yet they have tended to accept the narrator’s judgment that the old man and his crime must remain shrouded in mystery. J. Gerald Kennedy, for example, has argued that attention to the old man only obscures the real center of interest in the story, the narrator’s conflicting and irreconcilable modes of perception, and Kennedy concludes that “the man of the crowd retains the ultimate inscrutability of Melville’s white whale, symbolizing (if anything) man’s inability to ascertain, by means of reason, any absolute knowledge of the world beyond the self.”3 Similarly emphasizing the stranger’s inscrutability, Robert H. Byer writes, “Like an apparition in a dream, the old man seems to inhabit a world other than the narrator’s, one that the narrator cannot communicate with in ordinary ways yet that is ‘all-absorbing’ to him.”4 Stephen Rachman’s insightful reading of Poe’s story (which takes as foundational Benjamin’s essay on the flâneur and
Energy Dissipation Mechanisms in Flare Stars

Flare stars derive their name from intermittent increases in luminosity which have certain characteristics reminiscent of solar flares (e.g. enhanced strengths of emission lines In the stellar spectrum during the outbursts). When a flare star is observed in a filter which transmits, say, the violet part of the visible spectrum, the increase in luminosity during a flare may range from noise level up to perhaps 100 times the quiescent brightness. During a flare, certain spectral features of the quiescent star (e.g. molecular bands) remain visible, indicating that the flare occupies only a fraction of the visible disk. Thus, analagous to a solar flare, a stellar flare is confined to a single active region. However the total power is large enough to affect the integrated light from the stellar disk. In contrast, the largest solar flare (Etot ≈ 1032 ergs) has a rate of energy release (L ≈ 1029 erg/sec) which is so small that a distant observer would record such a flare as a luminosity increase of less than 10−4Lsun. However, even apart from the flares themselves, it has become apparent in recent years that flare stars in their “quiescent state” provide some extreme contrasts with the sun.
Chapter 1a Normal and pathological catabolism of glycoproteins: The enzymes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the properties and characteristics of a diverse group of vertebrate glycosidases that participate in the remodeling of glycoconjugates in health and disease. Immense strides have been made in delineating the properties of the glycosidases and their role in biogenesis, cellular turnover and intracellular trafficking of cell-associated glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. These findings permit the early diagnosis of a number of devastating genetic diseases and may ultimately offer means for their correction. Additionally, the enzymatic synthesis of biologically important compounds using glycosidases, compounds previously unobtainable by chemical methods, is now feasible. The increasing availability of novel genetic models, procedures for the crystallization, and structural modeling of proteins, and an increasing armamentum of genetic and molecular biology tools suggest that rapid progress in the knowledge of the role and regulation of glycosidases may be anticipated.
Optimized performance and operations of the Faint Object Camera

The Faint Object Camera is a unique Scientific Instrument of the Hubble Space Telescope; operating it at top performance is critical for the quality of the science data and a most efficient usage. This paper describes the steps taken to optimize detector performance, minimize the effects of thermal variations, and maximize the allocated observing time.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The genesis of the notion of distributional chaos

The purpose of this paper is to indicate how the theory of distributional chaos was motivated by certain constructs from the theory of probabilistic metric spaces, to introduce the notion of distributional chaos and to illustrate some of its features with a simple example.
Stable helical polyguanidines: poly[N-(1-anthryl)-N'-[(R)- and/or (S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl]guanidines].

Using chiral catalysts of (R)- and/or (S)-BINOL-Ti, the asymmetrical polymerization of achiral monomer, N-(1-anthryl)-N‘-n-octadecylcarbodiimide, yielded soluble nonregioregular polyguanidines of Poly-R1 and Poly-S1. A racemization process occurred when the toluene solution of Poly-R1 was annealed at elevated temperatures (70−80 °C). Kinetic studies reveal this to be a slow process with an activation energy of ca. 36 kcal/mol. On the other hand, using titanium(IV) trifluoroethoxide catalyst, the polymerization of N-(1-anthryl)-N‘-[(R)- and/or (S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl]carbodiimides afforded highly regioregular polyguanidines of Poly-R2 and Poly-S2. These polymers adopt stable helices in various solvents and elevated temperatures, whose kinetically controlled conformations and thermodynamically controlled conformations are essentially the same.
Shoulder arthroplasty in the face of acute fracture: Puzzle pieces ☆ ☆☆

Surgical management of acute 4-part humeral fracture-dislocations presents many challenges to the orthopaedic surgeon. Intraoperative surgical reconstruction requires a detailed understanding of the osseous and the muscular anatomy and physiology. The proximal humerus must be reconstructed in a way that establishes proper humeral head version and proper myofascial sleeve tension within the rotator cuff and deltoid musculature. This article reviews and discusses the salient surgical principles and techniques that allow anatomic reconstruction of the proximal humerus. Tuberosity placement and fixation techniques are emphasized, recognizing that anatomic restoration of the cuff is crucial if the patient is to achieve a pain-free and functional limb after joint arthroplasty for fracture.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of a cerium(III) phosphomolybdate complex: Condensed and gas-phase cluster chemistry

Abstract Electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-QIT/MS) of the ammonium cerium(III) phosphomolybdate complex (NH4)11[Ce(III)(PMo11O39)2] in aqueous media has revealed a concentration-dependent behavior. Under fixed instrumental parameters, the Ce-containing polyoxomolybdate complexes H2Ce(III)P2Mo22O753− and Ce(III)PMo11O382− are the primary species present at 11 mM (pH = 4.3); at 0.7 mM (pH = 3.6), Ce(III)PMo10O352− is the predominant species, Ce(III)PMo11O382− is quite diminished, and H2Ce(III)P2Mo22O753− is absent. As a result of the complex isotopic fingerprints from multiple molybdenums, compositions of such ions are difficult to assign—successive collision induced dissociation (CID) of large ions produced smaller ions for which calculated and experimental isotopic patterns could be compared. The oxidation state of Ce and the number of counter cations on negative complexes was discerned from spectra of ions containing 1H+ and 7Li+. The overall result is an ESI method applicable to phosphomolybdate complexes containing redox sensitive f-block metal ions such as Ce(IV) and Pu(III/IV). Dissociation studies also gave insight into favored fragmentation pathways, and generated gas ions with empirical formulae similar to known condensed-phase ions. Deconvolution of concentration- and pH-dependent solution behavior via ESI/MS and 31P NMR spectroscopy showed speciation dependent on solution concentration, not on pH.
The effects of minification and display field of view on distance judgments in real and HMD-based environments

Distance perception is important for many virtual reality applications, and numerous studies have found underestimated egocentric distances in head-mounted display (HMD) based virtual environments. Applying minification to imagery displayed in HMDs is a method that can reduce or eliminate the underestimation [Kuhl et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2012]. In a previous study, we measured distance judgments with direct blind walking through an Oculus Rift DK1 HMD and found that participants judged distance accurately in a calibrated condition, and minification caused subjects to overestimate distances [Li et al. 2014]. This article describes two experiments built on the previous study to examine distance judgments and minification with the Oculus Rift DK2 HMD (Experiment 1), and in the real world with a simulated HMD (Experiment 2). From the results, we found statistically significant distance underestimation with the DK2, but the judgments were more accurate than results typically reported in HMD studies. In addition, we discovered that participants made similar distance judgments with the DK2 and the simulated HMD. Finally, we found for the first time that minification had a similar impact on distance judgments in both virtual and real-world environments.
Empirical Equations For Adiabatic Flame Temperatures For Some Fuel-Air Combustion Systems

Abstract A new simple formula for calculating the adiabatic flame temperature of fuel/air mixtures has been developed. The formula is usable in a wide range of both fuel and reaction variables. Among the fuels considered for the formula are members of the paraffin, aromatic, olefin and alcohol families, and hydrogen and acetylene. The formula is functionally expressed in terms of the fuel/air ratio, the reaction pressure, the initial mixture temperature and the number of carbon atoms in the individual fuel. By using the formula, the adiabatic flame temperature for a designated fuel and reaction condition can be found within an accuracy of one percent.
Follicular mucinosis. A study of 47 patients.

SUMMARY. . Forty-seven patients suffering from follicular mucinosis, collected over a period of 16 years from 1952 to 1968, have been studied in detail. Certain clinical and histological features of interest have been noted, and the natural history of the condition has been assessed in 40 patients. In one group the lesions cleared spontaneously within a few months; in a second group the condition pursued a chronic relapsing but benign course over several years, and in a third group the lesions appeared in association with an overt reticulosis. This association was observed in 8 patients, representing 17% of the total group, and in each case the reticulosis was recognizable clinically and histologically early in the illness. No instance of transition from follicular mucinosis to reticulosis was observed. It is concluded that neither the chronicity of the follicular mucinosis or the age of onset of the condition are of importance in determining the association with a reticulosis, which appears in all cases to run an independent course. Reticulosis was observed in only a proportion of those patients with extensive lesions, and was not seen in those in whom the lesions were limited to the head and neck. Recognition of those patients particularly at risk enables a more exact prognosis to be given to the individual case.
On a quadratic information measure for data assimilation

Data Assimilation is central to Dynamic Data Driven Applications (DDDAS). The limitations of current techniques in the presence of nonlinearity and dimensionality can, in principle, be ameliorated by effective non-Gaussian high-dimensional inference in many areas within DDDAS, but particularly environmental applications. This paper presents an inference algorithm based on maximization of a quadratic form of mutual information that provides an optimization approach to filtering non-Gaussian nonlinear systems. In particular, this is accomplished by using Kapur's mutual information between model predictions and measurements based on Renyi entropy, and using ensemble-based kernel representations of probability mass functions. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated using the Lorenz-95 model where it is seen outperforming contemporary ensemble filtering.
Defensive mechanisms and ecology of some tropical holothurians

The ecology, defensive behavior and toxicity of three species of reef flat holothurians (Actinopyga mauritiana, Holothuria atra and Holothuria difficilis) were studied at Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. The average diurnal population density of H. difficilis ranged from 1.4 to 32 holothurians/900 cm2; resting respiratory rates (0.05 ml O2/g wet wt/h) were comparable during day and night; nourishment in H. difficilis may be primarily from bacteria and foraminifera in which about 2% of the dry weight of sediment consumed is utilized, and the species probably passes at least 3 g dry wt of sediment/m2/day (>1 kg/m2/year). A fundamental difference in energy flow is suggested: considerably more energy is passed from benthic algae to grazing and browsing fishes to predatory fishes on coral reefs whereas, in extra-tropical latitudes, more energy is shunted from benthic algae to invertebrates to predators. The effects of holothurin leading to death in fishes are irreversible. Holothuria difficilis is best protected from predation. Its body wall is toxic and it can accurately eject Cuvierian tubules, which are also toxic. The discharge of tubules was regulated by a circadian rhythm in May. Studies on holothurians and sponges suggest that many exposed coral reef invertebrates have evolved effective defensive mechanisms in association with high intensity predation.
Exchange reactions of ternary ion-association complexes directly in the organic phase.

Abstract The analytical implications of exchanging a highly coloured or fluorescent group R for a non-coloured or non-fluorescent one directly in the organic phase are discussed for ternary ion association complexes of the type [MLx−]R+. Several examples are given to illustrate the approach.
Comparison of ultraviolet irradiation-induced mutagenesis of the lacI gene in Escherichia coli and in human 293 cells.

We report the sequence changes in the Escherichia coli lacI gene in 133 mutants detected after passage of an ultraviolet-irradiated shuttle vector human 293 cells. The results are compared with our previous studies of the lacI gene after ultraviolet light treatment in E. coli. In human cells, base substitutions predominate, and frameshifts are found much less frequently than in bacteria. The most frequent base change is the G.C to A.T transition. Overall, 110 to 112 transitions were G.C to A.T. Some of the hotspots seen in lacI in bacteria are prominent also in human 293 cells, suggesting that the same lesions are targeting mutations in both systems. Transitions are found almost exclusively at sequences at which pyrimidine-pyrimidine photoproducts can form. The data are consistent with the notion that a significant fraction of ultraviolet irradiation-induced mutagenesis in mammalian systems occurs by adding an A across from a photolesion. Double mutations are significantly more frequent in human cells than in bacteria. Reasons for this difference are discussed.
Correction to the half-wave spacing for resonant periodic gain structures

Optimization of resonant periodic gain structures relies on maximizing the overlap between the standing wave electric field and the gain medium at the peak gain wavelength. Traditional techniques which place the gain regions one-half wave apart do not account for reflections between gain and spacer regions. They result in a standing wave pattern in which the wavelength differs from the design wavelength and which is not uniform across the quantum wells. A simple theoretical model based on a perfectly resonant cavity will show how to correctly design resonant periodic gain devices to account for these effects. The model is subsequently generalized to facilitate multiple quantum well resonant periodic gain designs.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ileal exclusion for refractory symptomatic cholestasis in Alagille syndrome

Abstract Background Alagille syndrome (AGS) can result in pruritic self-mutilation and disabling or disfiguring xanthomas. Though external biliary diversion and transplantation have been described for AGS, few data exist for the use of ileal exclusion (IE) in this setting. Methods Three patients with AGS with symptomatic cholestasis despite maximal medical management underwent IE. In each case, small bowel length was measured and the terminal 15% of ileum was excluded using stapled division and ileocecal anastomosis. Symptom scores were collected after institutional review board approval and are presented here as mean (range). Pruritus and xanthomas were graded as follows: 0=none, 1=mild scratching/minimal, 2=active scratching/moderate, 3=abrasions/disfiguring, 4=mutilation/disabling. Results Mean follow-up was 30 months (4-45 months). Pruritus score decreased from 3.33 (3-4) to 0.33 (0-1). Xanthoma score decreased from 3.67 (3-4) to 1.67 (1-2). All patients were maintained on nutritional supplements pre- and postoperatively without a change in management. No patients experienced diarrhea or dehydration postoperatively. There were no complications. Conclusions Ileal exclusion effectively decreases refractory pruritus and xanthoma burden in AGS. This procedure offers the advantages of reversibility, avoidance of a stoma, and technical ease. Ileal exclusion should be considered for symptomatic AGS refractory to medical management as an alternative to external biliary diversion or liver transplantation.
Discovery of novel 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazoles targeting the colchicines binding site in tubulin as potential anticancer agents.

A series of 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazoles (ABI) was synthesized as a result of structural modifications based on the previous set of 2-aryl-imidazole-4-carboxylic amide (AICA) derivatives and 4-substituted methoxylbenzoyl-aryl-thiazoles (SMART). The average IC50 of the most active compound (5da) was 15.7 nM. ABI analogues have substantially improved aqueous solubility (48.9 μg/mL for 5ga vs 0.909 μg/mL for SMART-1, 0.137 μg/mL for paclitaxel, and 1.04 μg/mL for combretastatin A4). Mechanism of action studies indicate that the anticancer activity of ABI analogues is through inhibition of tubulin polymerization by interacting with the colchicine binding site. Unlike paclitaxel and colchicine, the ABI compounds were equally potent against multidrug resistant cancer cells and the sensitive parental melanoma cancer cells. In vivo results indicated that 5cb was more effective than DTIC in inhibiting melanoma xenograph tumor growth. Our results suggest that the novel ABI compounds may be developed to effectively t...
Nonquadratic second-harmonic generation from semiconductor-oxide interfaces

Second harmonic generation on ${\mathrm{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}$ interfaces shows unusual nonmonotonic, nonquadratic behavior. This behavior depends strongly on laser wavelength and surface termination. It is present for oxide-covered samples at second-harmonic wavelengths of 373 nm (3.32 eV), but not at 415 nm (2.99 eV). It is absent at both wavelengths for H-terminated samples. This behavior is consistent with photomodulation of an interfacial electric-field-induced contribution to the second-harmonic response of the system.
The Cinecittà Refugee Camp (1944–1950)*

Yes, they have sacked and destroyed it; the few remaining buildings accommodate only destitute, displaced families. But permit me to believe that on the highest wall, within the concealing yellow foliage, an empty movie camera continues to roll on, its lens focused on the clouds, waiting for a poet to find it, dust it off, set it finally before men and facts and, with neither fake models nor backdrops, expose it, al naturale, to our sorrow and our hopes.
Ethanol self-administration in the rat induced by forced drinking of ethanol.

Rats were forced to drink increasingly strong concentrations of ethanol for 7 weeks and were then divided into two groups. One group was given a choice between two neutral flavors, the drinking of one of which was paired with an equal volume of intragastric alcohol. The drinking of the other was paired with an equal volume of water. The second group was given an oral choice between alcohol and water. Control rats were kept under identical conditions for 7 weeks, except that they were given no alcohol. Some of the controls were also given a choice between two neutral flavors when one of these was paired with intragastric alcohol. Others were given an oral choice between alcohol and water. Rats forced to drink alcohol drank more of the neutral flavor paired with intragastric alcohol than did the controls not previously given alcohol. On the other hand, rats forced to drink alcohol and then given an oral choice between alcohol and water drank substantially less alcohol than did the control rats with no previous experience of alcohol that were also given an oral choice between alcohol and water. It was concluded that forced drinking of alcohol produces a conditioned aversion to the taste and smell of alcohol and also a tolerance to the after-effects of alcohol. However, such tolerance will only lead to voluntary intake of alcohol if intake bypasses the sensory effects of alcohol for which a conditioned aversion had developed during the period of forced drinking.
Identification of a second cryptic lambdoid prophage locus in the E. coli K12 chromosome.

In addition to the cryptic lambdoid prophage genes that are known to reside at the rac locus in Escherichia coli K12 strains, a second cryptic lambdoid prophage has been located near the gal operon. This prophage was shown to contain DNA that is homologous to the QSR genes of λ phage.
Extra Hungariam Non Est Vita? The Relationships between Hungarian Immigrants and Their Homeland

This study examines various ideologies and myths immigrants hold about their homeland, then turns to look at the relationship over time between immigrants and their natal Hungary. First it explores massive emigrations and minimal remigrations from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. While it is impossible to sharply divide economic push factors from political ones, the motivations to leave Hungary were primarily economic in that time. Then I turn to three periods: migrations during the era between the two World Wars; immediately after the Second World War; and to the socialist regime between 1948 and 1989. These times the push factors were mainly political. Finally, I pay attention to the first dozen years of the post-socialist period when emigration was, once again, mainly economically motivated, and remigrations were frequent particularly, though not only, for retirees. (As the study that follows the present one will illustrate, since the Fall of 2010—along with global economic problems—political factors, generally low morale, lack of trust in a viable future are major factors once again for the massive outmigration). The immigrants’ ties with the homeland changed through time depending not on the intentions of the individuals, but on global politics, and the transformation of the various regimes in Hungary. I discuss some versions of both virtual and actual homecoming, as well as expressions and meanings of long distance nationalism.
Meta-Analysis of Suicide-Related Behavior Events in Patients Treated With Atomoxetine

ABSTRACT Objective: The present work examined suicide-related events in acute, double-blind, and placebo- or active comparator-controlled trials with atomoxetine. Method: Fourteen trials in pediatric patients were included. Potential events were identified in the adverse events database using a text-string search. Potential suicide-related events were categorized according to U.S. Food and Drug Administration-defined codes using blinded patient summaries. The meta-analyses used the Mantel-Haenszel incidence difference and Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio methods. Results: No patient in atomoxetine attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trials committed suicide. The frequency of suicidal ideation was 0.37% (5/1357) in pediatric patients taking atomoxetine versus 0% (0/851) for the placebo group; Mantel-Haenszel incidence difference of 0.46 (95% confidence interval 0.09-0.83; p =.016) and Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio of 2.92 (95% confidence interval 0.63-13.57; p =.172). Frequencies of suicide-related events in pediatric patients with ADHD did not differ between methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatments (Mantel-Haenszel incidence difference of −0.12 (95% confidence interval −0.62 to 0.38; p =.649). The number needed to harm in pediatric patients for an additional suicide-related event is 227 compared to the number needed to treat of five to achieve remission of ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: Although uncommon, suicidal ideation was significantly more frequent in pediatric ADHD patients treated with atomoxetine compared to those treated with placebo. Retrospective analysis has limitations in ascertaining intent.
The indispensability of internal justification

L'A. defend, contre les theories recentes de la " fiabilite " des croyances vraies qui definissent la connaissance par les processus externes au sujet connaissant, sa propre version de l'" internalisme ", qui est une version du fondationnalisme en theorie de la connaissance
Imaging findings in 512 children following all-terrain vehicle injuries

Injuries related to all-terrain vehicle (ATV) use by children have increased in recent years, and the pattern of these injuries is not well known among radiologists. Our purpose was to identify different radiologically diagnosed injuries in children suffering ATV-related trauma and determine associations among various injuries as well as between injuries and outcome. The study included 512 consecutive children suffering from ATV injuries treated at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. All imaging studies were reviewed and correlated with injury frequency and outcome using multivariate analysis. Head injuries occurred in 244 children (48%) and in five of six deaths. Calvarial skull fractures occurred in 104 children and were associated with brain, subdural and epidural injuries. Brain and orbit injuries were associated with long-term disability. A total of 227 extremity fractures were present in 172 children (34%). The femur was the most commonly fractured bone. Nine children had partial foot amputations. Multiorgan injuries occurred in nearly half of the 97 children with torso injuries. Determinants for long-term disability or death were head injuries (odds ratio 3.4) and extremity fractures (odds ratio 3.3). Head and extremity injuries are the two most common injuries in children suffering ATV injuries and are associated with long-term disability. ATV use by children is dangerous and is a significant threat to child safety.
Infrared (IR) Absorber Based on Multiresonant Structure

In this letter, an absorber design is introduced that has a very wide absorption band at normal incidence over the midrange infrared (IR) wavelength regime. The proposed structure is comprises four layers, where the extra layer adds a degree of freedom in optimizing the response compared the conventional three-layered absorbers (dielectric spacer sandwiched between a ground thin film and a resonant conducting pattern). The simulations revealed a broadband absorption region that extends from 3 up to 12 μm of light wavelength achieving more than 120% of full bandwidth at half-maximum (FWHM).
Constraints on energetic particles in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment.

In recent Fleischmann–Pons experiments carried out by different groups, a thermal signal is seen indicative of excess energy production of a magnitude much greater than can be accounted for by chemistry. Correlated with the excess heat appears to be 4He, with the associated energy near 24 MeV per helium atom. In nuclear reactions, the energy produced is expressed through the kinetic energy of the products; hence, it would be natural to assume that some of the reaction energy ends up as kinetic energy of the 4He nucleus. Depending on the energy that the helium nucleus is born with, it will result in radiation (such as neutrons or x-rays) that can be seen outside of the cell. We have computed estimates of the expected neutron and x-ray emission as a function of helium energy and compared the results with upper limits taken from experiments. Experimental results with upper limits of neutron emission between 0.008 and 0.8 n/J are found to correspond to upper limits in alpha energy between 6.2 and 20.2 keV.
Primary monolayer cultures of adult rat liver parenchymal cells suitable for study of the regulation of enzyme synthesis.

Parenchymal cells from adult rat liver which had been fully regenerated were isolated and cultured in nonproliferating monolayers in vitro. The optimum conditions for attachment of these cells to Falcon plastic dishes were determined. When approximately 1.0×105 nuclei per cm2 suspended in Ham's F-12 medium with 0.5 μg of insulin per ml and 25% fetal calf serum were incubated at 37°C for 24 hr, about 50% became attached and contiguous. When the above medium was supplemented with synthetic buffers 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES) andN-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES), the presence of 15% fetal calf serum also allowed an attachement effiency of 50%. Tyrosine aminotrasferase activity in the cells was elevated when the culture medium was supplemented with hydrocortisone or dexamethasone. The largest increases were observed after 72 hr of culture. Cycloheximide prevented the increase.
The degassing flux from the solid earth: Release by fracturing

A simple 1-D model is developed for the release of He (and Ar) from a solid lithology to the intervening porefluid as a result of fracturing. The results indicate that fracturing can release the solid phase accumulated He on a geologically short time-scale (<1500yrs) for large crustal sections and can lead to the (observed) decoupling of He and Ar degassing fluxes from a homogeneous crust. Measurement of regional variations in the crustal degassing fluxes may therefore provide a useful constraint on time-dependent hydraulic control of large-scale fluid transport in the Earth's crust.
Critique of Membrane-Filtration Concepts as Applied to Origin of Subsurface Brines: ABSTRACT

Membrane-filtration processes capable of filtering dissolved inorganic salts from water have been well documented in the laboratory and in industrial applications (desalination). Application of such processes to earth (sedimentary-basin) models, however, is inadequately documented and subject to several difficulties. These difficulties include the facts that (1) natural pressure gradients adequate to overcome the osmotic pressures required to separate salt from water do not appear to be available or reported in sediment-sedimentary rock environments, and (2) salt exclusion properties of membranes correlate inversely with permeability. To achieve geologically significant enrichment of salts in subsurface fluids requires that large volumes of fluids pass across what would n rmally be regarded as aquicludes and nonreservoir rocks under relatively leak-free conditions. No proof of such massive movements has been offered. In fact, the consequences of such movements, consistently applied to sedimentary basins, would negate much of the existing principles and practice of petroleum geology and petroleum engineering. Recent pore-fluid studies from ocean drilling operations show no evidence of membrane filtration in deep-ocean sediments or in geosynclinal sediments from the Gulf of Mexico. These factors contribute to the conclusion that membrane filtration concepts as presently formulated have little importance in enriching subsurface waters in salt, and probably have only minor influence on the ionic composition of subsurface fluids. End_of_Article - Last_Page 858------------