cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The toad iris assay: a simple method for evaluating CRH action on the sympathetic nervous system.

Abstract Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a key role in the regulation of stress and arousal associated behaviors in mammals, and contributes to hyperglycemia and activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during stress. Whether CRH regulates SNS activity in nonmammals has not been well studied. Here we used the iris assay to determine the ability of ovine CRH (oCRH) to influence SNS activity in the Texas toad, Bufo speciosus . In the toad iris assay, relaxation of the sphincter pupillae muscles in the iris is determined by measuring treatment-related changes in pupillary dilatation. A single dose of oCRH administered via the dorsal lymph sac increased pupillary dilatation within 30 min after administration. The stimulatory effects of oCRH on pupillary dilatation were dose- and time-dependent, were blocked with the CRH-receptor antagonist α-helical CRH, were associated with elevated plasma norepinephrine, and were not blocked by hypophysectomy. Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, increased pupillary dilatation in a dose-related fashion. The effects of isoproterenol and oCRH were blocked by the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. We conclude that the toad iris assay is a simple but effective method for assessing CRH receptor regulation of the SNS.
Developmental Transition of Motherhood: Treating Postpartum Depression Using a Feminist Approach

During the developmental lifeline for women, some individuals are affected by postpartum depression. This article describes the treatment of a Latina woman experiencing postpartum depression. The authors illustrate the feminist approach using counseling interventions that incorporate the client's developmental level, cultural background, and gender. They discuss supporting research for this approach and provide its implications and recommendations.
Insulin receptor substrate-2 regulates aerobic glycolysis in mouse mammary tumor cells via glucose transporter 1

The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are cytoplasmic adaptor molecules that function as signaling intermediates downstream of activated cell surface receptors. Based on data implicating IRS-2 but not IRS-1 in breast cancer invasion, survival, and metastasis, we assessed the contribution of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to aerobic glycolysis, which is known to impact tumor growth and progression. For this purpose, we used tumor cell lines derived from transgenic mice that express the polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyV-MT) in the mammary gland and that are wild-type (WT) or null for either Irs-1 (Irs-1–/–) or Irs-2 (Irs-2–/–). Aerobic glycolysis, as assessed by the rate of lactic acid production and glucose consumption, was diminished significantly in Irs-2–/– cells when compared with WT and Irs-1–/– cells. Expression of exogenous Irs-2 in Irs-2–/– cells restored the rate of glycolysis to that observed in WT cells. The transcription factor FoxO1 does not appear to be involved in Irs-2-mediated glycolysis. However, Irs-2 does regulate the surface expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) as assessed by flow cytometry using a Glut1-specific ligand. Suppression of Glut1 expression inhibits Irs-2-dependent invasion, which links glycolysis to mammary tumor progression. Irs-2 was shown to be important for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) activation, and Irs-2-dependent regulation of Glut1 surface expression is rapamycin-sensitive. Collectively, our data indicate that Irs-2, but not Irs-1, promotes invasion by sustaining the aerobic glycolysis of mouse mammary tumor cells and that it does so by regulating the mTor-dependent surface expression of Glut1.
Udoteal, a linear diterpenoid feeding deterrent from the tropical green alga Udotea flabellum

Abstract The structure of a new linear diterpenoid, udoteal, has been determined by chemical and spectral methods. Udoteal induced feeding avoidance behavior in the herbivorous fish Eupomacentrus leucostictus .
Learning to Improve Practice: Lessons from Practice Stories and Practitioners' Own Discourse Analyses (or Why Only the Loons Show Up)

Just as students and faculty must read critically and listen critically in the classroom, community planners and organizers must listen critically, reaching well beyond mere “words” when they work with others in contested, complex, ambiguous settings. So it turns out that a critically pitched discourse analysis can and might be done in political and professional practice settings, especially when issues of participation are central, every bit as much as in the halls of the sophisticated academy. This article explores the challenges of practical, critical and insightful discourse analysis as it can occur both in the planning academy's classrooms and in participatory community planning practices as well.
Divergent recurrent selection for cold tolerance in two improved maize populations

Maize (Zea mays L.) production has significantly expanded into very short-season environments where germination and growth in cooler environments is essentially a pre-requisite. Therefore, an important goal for maize breeders is to improve local germplasm sources of inbred lines that are able to grow under these challenging conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate direct and correlated responses in two improved early maturing maize populations [NDSCD(M)C10 and BS22(R)C7] after two cycles of S1 and full-sib intra-population recurrent selection for cold tolerance. The S1 and full-sib progenies were obtained by self-pollinating 100 random plants and by intercrossing 200 random plants, respectively. Ten percent of the families were selected, based on an index that included emergence percentage, seedling vigor, and root lodging percentage, and recombined at the same time in a summer nursery based upon data across northern North Dakota locations. The essential benefit of this breeding methodology was to achieve one year per cycle of selection based upon progenies. However, direct response to selection was not significant while some correlated responses were significant. We decided to report these results in order to encourage other scientists the evaluation of additional sources of germplasm, the screening at various dates, and the selection of target environments with more intensive cold stress before initiating long-term selection programs for cold tolerance. In addition, further research on the current and alternative long-term selection methods for cold tolerance is recommended for continuous genetic improvement of advanced cycles in the northern U.S. Corn Belt.
Physical adsorption near an oblique corner.

We study physical adsorption of multilayer liquid films in the vicinity of an oblique corner formed by the intersection of two planar surfaces. This is a simplified example of the geometry in a porous medium. The film-vapor interface is determined by minimizing the free energy of the system. The excess coverage is studied as a function of film thickness d and the corner angle 2\ensuremath{\theta}. Numerical results are presented in terms of a characteristic (capillary) length scale \ensuremath{\zeta}, which divides the behavior into two thickness regimes. Surface tension dominates if d\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\zeta}, but has a negligible effect if d\ensuremath{\ll}\ensuremath{\zeta}.
DECIDUOMA FORMATION IN RATS DURING TESTOSTERONE TREATMENT11

THE PROGESTINLIKE effect of testosterone on the endometrium of the rat has II prompted a number of investigators to see if deciduomata would result following traumatization of the uterine horn and the continued administration of this hormone. The results generally have been negative. McKeown and Zuckerman (i) treated 6 adult females, but found deciduomaformation in only one instance. Parkes and Zuckerman (2) likewise could not induce this reaction in hypophyses tomiz;ed rats, nor could Brooksby (3) in either normal or castrated animals. The latter author, however, observed that testosterone did not inhibit the formation of deciduomata since they could be induced in the uteri of lactating rats in spite of the daily injection of 500 micrograms of the hormone. It has been shown that testosterone may lead to an unusual hypertrophy of corpora lutea (4-7) and that this change is brought about when the initial injection
Relation of Arbutin-Hydroquinone in Pear Blossoms to Invasion by E. amylovora

INFECTION of plants by certain virus and fungus pathogens results in an increase in polyphenol synthesis and oxidation1,2. This has been interpreted as a possible defence reaction by host tissue. Investigations of resistance of specific varieties of pear, Pyrus communis, to invasion by Venturia pirina indicated that polyphenol metabolism might be associated with resistance3. A project was initiated to determine whether the location and concentration of phenolic substances in pear might be of possible significance in influencing the channels of infection and relative susceptibility of specific pear tissues to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora. The relation of the arbutin-hydroquinone complex in pear blossoms to invasion by the fire blight organism is herein reported.
Effectiveness of vegetative filter strips in attenuating nutrient and sediment runoff from irrigated pastures

Increasing concern about non-point source pollutants released from grazing livestock, a worldwide problem, motivated the present study on the effects of vegetative filter strips (VFS) for controlling pollutants (nutrients, micro-organisms and sediment loading) from grazed, irrigated pastures. Flood-irrigated pastures are an important source of forage for livestock during summer months in California, USA when the surrounding rangelands are dry and dormant. Significant amounts of runoff can be generated from these pastures during irrigation events. Nine plots on an irrigated pasture were assigned randomly to one of three treatments: Control (no VFS), Treatment VFS-1 (8-3 x 7 m. 0-0058 ha VFS) and Treatment VFS-2 (17·1 x 7 m, 0-012 ha VFS). In 2000, two grazing events (in April and June/July) occurred during the irrigation season prior to the experiment; further, the experimental plots were grazed between irrigations 2 and 3. Attenuation of runoff loads by VFS treatment was measured during four irrigation events (between 1 August and 3 October 2000) for total suspended solids (TSS), ortho-phosphate (Ortho-P), inorganic phosphate (Inorg-P), total phosphate (Total-P), organic phosphate (Org-P), polyphosphate (Poly-P), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH 3 , NO 3 and presumptive faecal coliforms (FC). On average, approximately 0-43 of the applied water left the plots as runoff. Treatment effects approached significance for TSS and TKN and were significant (P<0·05) for Poly-P and NH 3 . Irrigation number effects were significant for all but TSS, NO 3 and FC. The effects of VFS treatments were not consistent. Treatment VFS-2, although representing the largest buffer strip, did not always produce the lowest pollutant loads in runoff. Slope, relatively high runoff volumes and some channelled flow were probably responsible for the limited effectiveness of VFS in the present study. These results suggest that effectiveness of VFS for reducing sediment and nutrient transport from irrigated pastures may be questionable.
Phosphorylase kinase deficiency.

Phosphorylase kinase deficiency in I strain mice and in humans both show X-chromosomal inheritance. Neither deficient adult humans nor deficient mice show any sign of disease. Thus the two conditions resemble each other. However, there are differences. The enzyme is only partially deficient in human patients in liver, muscle, and blood cells; in mice the deficiency is complete and seems to be confined to the muscles.
Frequency of detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from rectovaginal swabs in pregnant women

Clinical samples from 250 pregnant women undergoing screening for rectovaginal group B streptococcus colonization were evaluated concurrently for the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Overall, S aureus was detected in 21.6% of the women; 53.7% of the isolates were MRSA. Despite a lack of risk factors for MRSA colonization, rectovaginal MRSA was detected in 10.4% of pregnant women in this study.
Microarray analysis of proliferative and hypertrophic growth plate zones identifies differentiation markers and signal pathways

Longitudinal bone growth results from coordination of proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes, calcification of the matrix, vascular invasion, and completion of endochondral bone formation in the growth plate. Although proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes are well characterized histomorphologically, the understanding of factors governing this transition is not fully explained. Our hypothesis was that significant differential gene expression exists between proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocytes that may provide clues to the regulation of this transition at the transcriptional level. Normal Sprague-Dawley rat growth plate chondrocytes from the proliferative zone (PZ) and hypertrophic zone (HZ) were isolated by laser capture microdissection and then subjected to microarray analysis. Confirmation of the differential expression of selected genes was done by in situ hybridization and quantitative reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 40 transcripts showed at least twofold greater expression in the PZ compared to HZ at both 6 and 7 weeks of age, while 52 transcripts showed twofold greater expression in the HZ compared to PZ at these time points. Many of the differentially expressed genes in each zone had very high levels of expression and thus were classified as "enriched transcripts" for that zone. The PZ-enriched transcripts included fibromodulin, proline arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and enolase 1 alpha. In contrast, HZ-enriched transcripts included collagen I, protein kinase (lysine deficient 4), proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4, prostaglandin I2 synthase, and integrin-binding sialoprotein, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), and collagen X. Other genes were highly expressed in cells from both zones, including collagen II, aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric protein, cartilage link protein, laminin receptor, and eukaryotic translocation elongation factor. Functional classification of the PZ-enriched transcripts showed an increased percentage of genes expressed in nuclear cell cycle and transcription functions. In contrast, the HZ-enriched transcripts were more involved in extracellular structure and membrane receptor and transporter functions. Pathway analysis indicated that transforming growth factor beta and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) pathways were important in both zones, and bone morphogenic protein pathway played a role in the HZ. It is likely that these differentially expressed genes are involved in regulation of the transition from proliferation to differentiation functions in the growth plate.
Gluon fragmentation into polarized charmonium.

Gluon fragmentation to ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{cJ}}$(1P) followed by single photon emission represents the dominant source of prompt J/\ensuremath{\psi}'s at the Fermilab Tevatron for ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}6 GeV. Since fragmenting gluons are approximately transverse, their products are significantly polarized. We find that gluon fragmentation populates the helicity levels of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{c}1}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{c}2}$, and J/\ensuremath{\psi} according to ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}\mathit{c}1}^{(\mathit{h}=0)}$:${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}\mathit{c}1}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{h}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}=1)}$ \ensuremath{\simeq}1:1, ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}\mathit{c}2}^{(\mathit{h}=0)}$: ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}\mathit{c}2}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{h}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}=1)}$:${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}\mathit{c}2}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{h}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}=2)}$ \ensuremath{\simeq}1:2.8:6.0, and ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\psi}}}^{(\mathit{h}=0)}$:${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{J}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\psi}}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}\mathit{h}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Vert}}=1)}$\ensuremath{\simeq}1:3.4. We also speculate that gluon fragmentation to the radially excited ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{c}2}$(2P) state followed by radiative decay could represent a large source of \ensuremath{\psi}'(2S)'s. A measurement of these states' polarizations would test this idea.
Opportunities for improving the cost‐effectiveness of acid rain control strategies

None of the congressional bills proposed to control acid deposition since 1981 can be considered a cost-effective approach. Ways to improve spatial, temporal, and regulatory efficiency in choosing which emission sources to control are examined.
Understanding Transfer as Personal Change: Concerns, Intentions, and Resistance

This chapter approaches transfer from the perspective of supporting learners implementing personal change based on their learning experiences. Models of transition and change are presented and discussed, including aspects of resistance to and facilitation of change.
Peroxidases produced by the marine sponge Iotrochota birotulata.

Abstract 1. 1. Two peroxidases, differing in ionic character and substrate specificity, have been isolated from the tropical marine sponge Iotrochota birotulata. 2. 2. Both peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of a number of substrates, and one peroxidase possesses a specificity similar to the terrestrial fungal enzyme chloroperoxidase. 3. 3. Based on inhibition studies utilizing sodium azide, potassium cyanide and 8-hydroxyquinoline, it appears that the peroxidases from I. birotulata are haemoprotein complexes. 4. 4. One peroxidase appears to possess subunit structure, and requires bound divalent metal cations for activity.
Effects of pentobarbital on delayed alternation performance

Rats were trained to alternate choice of goal-arms in a modified T-maze. Subjects were then tested for alternation with delays of 0–120 sec between runs, in sessions following injections of 10 mg/kg pentobarbital or saline. The pentobarbital produced an overall decrement in conditioned alternation. The major effect, however, was the occurrence of perseveration rather than alternation at 45-sec delays. In a second test phase, perseveration was again found, at 30-sec delays for some subjects and at 60-sec delays for the remaining subjects. These behavioral findings are noted to be similar to other drug and lesion effects which produce perseverative behavior.
Stomatitis from allergy to acrylic denture.

Abstract The present report is of a patient with allergic stomatitis resulting from sensitization to acrylic denture materials. The presence of specific allergy in this patient, suspected from the clinical history and from a positive direct pressure test with the denture on the arm, was definitely proved by means of a positive patch test to the liquid monomer of the acrylic resin (methyl methacrylate) used in the preparation of the plastic denture, and clinically by the relief afforded by wearing a vulcan denture. The necessity for reliance upon a positive patch test with the liquid monomer rather than upon clinical evidence or pressure tests with the denture in establishing the diagnosis of allergy is emphasized.
Aging and stress-induced changes in choline and glutamate uptake in hippocampus and septum of two rat strains differing in longevity and reactivity to stressors

Abstract Stress induced changes in neurochemical indices of neurotransmission are more pronounced in the septohippocampal cholinergic system of Wistar Kyoto rats, which are behaviorally more reactive to Stressors and have a shorter life span, than in Brown Norway rats. Moreover, pronounced degeneration of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons occurs earlier in life in Wistar Kyoto rats. In the present study the high affinity synaptosomal uptakes of choline and glutamate were used as indices for cholinergic and glutamatergic systems respectively. Following 2 hr of mild restraint stress increases in both uptake systems were observed in all regions examined (hippocampus, septum and frontal cortex). The stress-induced increases were generally similar in young (3 months) and aged (20 months) rats of both strains. The noted exception was that choline uptake levels, which were reduced in the hippocampus of unhandled aged WKY rats, remained unchanged after stress. The results confirm the involvement of the septohippocampal cholinergic system in the response to acute stress and extend the findings to include the hippocamposeptal glutamatergic system activation as well. It is suggested that in spite of neuronal degeneration during aging, these responses to stress can be maintained by compensatory efforts of neurons that remain intact.
Finite Elements Developed in Cylindrical Coordinates for Three‐Dimensional Tire Analysis

Abstract Finite elements developed in cylindrical coordinates are presented for three‐dimensional analysis of tires. In contrast to elements formulated in Cartesian coordinates, these elements allow the exact representation of circular shapes. The exact modeling of circular geometries can provide better finite element predictions and reduce the number of elements needed around the tire circumference. Numerical results are presented for the application of this formulation to the analysis of a radial automobile tire subjected to rim mounting, nonconservative inflation pressure, and rigid pavement contact. The predictions of the foregoing finite elements are compared to experimental data and to predictions of a commercial code using finite elements developed in Cartesian coordinates. The comparisons demonstrate the accuracy and the advantages of the cylindrical coordinate formulation for the three‐dimensional finite element analysis of tires.
Disorder in Crystals of Protein Binding Protein 3K9I Revealed by Diffuse X-Ray Scattering Data and a Simple Markov Model for Molecular Displacements

Traditional X-ray crystallography measures the intensities of photons scattered into sharp Bragg peaks, yielding the average structure for a protein in the crystalline state. Diffuse X-ray scattering measures the non-Bragg signal which is spread throughout the (reciprocal) space between Bragg reflections. This diffuse scattering signal encodes the fluctuations in the protein crystal structure due to atomic and molecular disorder. In this study we analyze the X-ray diffuse scattering from a protein binding protein (from Bacillus halodurans, 3K9I). The data can be accounted for using a simple Markov model for the crystal disorder. This model allows for determination of the correlation coefficients for displacements between nearest neighbor protein molecules in the crystal lattice.
1988 Fleming Medal to Michael W. McElhinny

It is a great honor and pleasure to deliver the citation for the 1988 Fleming Medal given to Michael W. McElhinny, an outstanding scientist and a close personal friend. I know that there are always several exceptional scientists in competition for this medal; one expects only the true giants in our field to be selected. As in the recent past, that expectation has again been realized this year with the selection of McElhinny. Mike McElhinny has published more than 130 papers and authored or coauthored six books. Therefore I have found the task of singling out a few highlights in his career to be a very difficult one. Instead of discussing particular contributions of Mike's in the few minutes I have here today, I plan to present a broad overview in terms of stages in Mike's career.
Evaluating a Methodology to Establish Usability Heuristics

Assessing usability in any software product may be a key factor for predicting its success or fail. Heuristic evaluation is the most commonly used usability evaluation method. It uses a set of recognized usability design principles (heuristics). Until now, the Nielsen's ten usability heuristics have been widely used. However, such heuristics are too general and currently it is necessary to provide new sets of heuristics for evaluating specific kinds of applications. Through a survey, applied to a group of researchers, it was possible to analyze the pertinence of formalizing a methodology for establishing specific usability heuristics that could improve usability assessments.
Cardiovagal autonomic dysfunction in relation to HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

AbstractPurpose: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy (LD) may be mediated by changes in the autonomic nervous system. We examined the autonomic function among HIV-infected patients with LD compared to HIV-infected patients without LD (non-LD) and HIV-negative controls (controls). Method: This cross-sectional study examined cardiovagal autonomic function among the three groups. LD was defined in HIV-infected patients as increased visceral adipose accumulation and peripheral lipoatrophy. Cardiovagal autonomic testing was assessed by measuring heart rate variability during rest, paced breathing, and upright tilt and was analyzed in time and frequency domains. Results: Cardiovagal testing was performed on 58 participants: 26 controls, 20 non-LD, and 12 LD. After adjustment for visceral fat, time domain analysis showed decreased heart rate variability in patients with LD compared to the other groups (p .05). The frequency domain analysis showed decreased high-frequency power and increas...
Effect of solution saturation state and temperature on diopside dissolution

Steady-state dissolution rates of diopside are measured as a function of solution saturation state using a titanium flow-through reactor at pH 7.5 and temperature ranging from 125 to 175°C. Diopside dissolved stoichiometrically under all experimental conditions and rates were not dependent on sample history. At each temperature, rates continuously decreased by two orders of magnitude as equilibrium was approached and did not exhibit a dissolution plateau of constant rates at high degrees of undersaturation. The variation of diopside dissolution rates with solution saturation can be described equally well with a ion exchange model based on transition state theory or pit nucleation model based on crystal growth/dissolution theory from 125 to 175°C. At 175°C, both models over predict dissolution rates by two orders of magnitude indicating that a secondary phase precipitated in the experiments. The ion exchange model assumes the formation of a Si-rich, Mg-deficient precursor complex. Lack of dependence of rates on steady-state aqueous calcium concentration supports the formation of such a complex, which is formed by exchange of protons for magnesium ions at the surface. Fit to the experimental data yields where the Mg-H exchange coefficient, n = 1.39, the apparent activation energy, E a = 332 kJ mol-1, and the apparent rate constant, k = 1041.2 mol diopside cm-2 s-1. Fits to the data with the pit nucleation model suggest that diopside dissolution proceeds through retreat of steps developed by nucleation of pits created homogeneously at the mineral surface or at defect sites, where homogeneous nucleation occurs at lower degrees of saturation than defect-assisted nucleation. Rate expressions for each mechanism (i) were fit to where the step edge energy (α) for homogeneously nucleated pits were higher (275 to 65 mJ m-2) than the pits nucleated at defects (39 to 65 mJ m-2) and the activation energy associated with the temperature dependence of site density and the kinetic coefficient for homogeneously nucleated pits (Eb-homogeneous = 2.59 × 10-16 mJ K-1) were lower than the pits nucleated at defects (Eb-defect assisted = 8.44 × 10-16 mJ K-1).
Behavior of volatile depletion for LaRC™-PETI-5 amide acid/N-methylpyrrolidinone solution†

The fabrication of composites from polyimide precursors (polyamide acids) that involve condensation reactions requires the removal of volatiles (solvent and reaction by-products) prior to consolidation in order to achieve a void-free laminate. Volatile removal is commonly accomplished with a B-stage processing step. In this study, a PETAA/NMP (phenylethynyl terminated amide acid in N-methylpyrrolidinone) solution and prepreg were characterized using therogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microdielectrometry. A master weight loss profile was constructed by superimposing measurements at various heating rates. The TGA results correlated well with the dielectric ionic conductivities. Under the same thermal conditions, volatiles were depleted at slower rates from the wet prepreg than the neat resin solution. Dielectric properties were more sensitive to the residual volatile contents than the TGA measurements in both the neat resin and wet prepreg. Dielectric sensing technology was demonstrated to be a feasible tool for future volatile management in the fabrication of PETI composites. This study demonstrates that the combination of TGA and dielectrometry provides useful information to develop proper processing conditions for composite fabrication from prepregs containing volatiles. © Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1906–1916, 2003
FRACTIONATION EFFECTS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF MOLYBDENUM ISOTOPE ABUNDANCE RATIOS.

Abstract During measurements of molybdenum isotope abundance ratios by solid source mass spectrometry isotope effects are observed which may not be explained in terms of a Rayleigh distillation from the sample filament. A model is developed in which there is imperfect mixing between the surface and subsurface layers of the sample. Such a model will be appropriate in cases where samples do not melt on mass spectrometer filaments.
Instruments and Methods In situ measurements of firn compaction profiles using borehole optical stratigraphy

We have developed a technique in which we use a borehole video camera and post- processing software to make a record of the optical brightness as a function of depth in polar firn. We call this method borehole optical stratigraphy. To measure firn compaction, we note the positions of optical features on the borehole wall detected by an initial 'baseline' log. We track the displacements of these features in subsequent logs. The result provides a measurement of the relative vertical motion and thus compaction of the firn over the survey period. We have successfully used this system at Summit, Greenland, to measure the depth distribution of firn column shortening experienced in a borehole over three 1 year periods. The uppermost 30 m of the firn at Summit is compacting as predicted by a simple steady-state model, implying that the firn density profile at Summit is at or close to steady state over the past � 70 years.
Differential modulation of potassium currents by cAMP and its long-term and short-term effects: dunce and rutabaga mutants of Drosophila

The cAMP concentration in Drosophila is increased by mutations of the dunce (dnc) gene and decreased by mutations of the rutabaga (rut) gene. Such mutants provide a unique means for exploring the role of cAMP in functional and developmental regulation of membrane currents. Four distinct K+ currents have been identified in Drosophila larval muscle fibers, i.e. the voltage-activated transient IA and delayed IK and the Ca2+-activated fast ICF and slow ICS. Results from our voltage-clamp studies indicated that both IA and IK were increased in dnc alleles. Normal muscle fibers treated with dibutyryl-cAMP showed a similar increase of IA, but no significant effect on IK. In contrast to the dnc alleles, the rut mutations appeared to enhance ICS greatly while leaving the amplitude of other currents largely unchanged. In addition, the dibutyryl-cAMP-induced increase in IA was not observed in rut fibers. Caffeine and W7, which are known to interfere with several second messenger pathways, also modulted K+ currents i...
Metabolism of [3H]arachidonic acid by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched piglet alveolar macrophages.

Abstract The metabolism of [ 3 H]arachidonic acid ( 3 H-AA) by control and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-enriched piglet alveolar macrophages (AM) was studied after a 4 and 24 h labeling period. 3 H-AA metabolites were separated by gradient HPLC. Incorporation of exogenous 3 H-AA for either 4 or 24 h was similar for n-3 PUFA-enriched AM compared with control AM. Calcium ionophore (A23187, 10 μM0 stimulated a greater release of 3 H-AA from n-3 PUFA-enriched AM compared with control AM. Furthermore, AM labeled for 24 h had a lower spontaneous release and higher stimulated release than those labeled for only 4 h. The major 3 H-AA metabolites detected in AM supernatants were PGF 2α , LTB 4 , and 5-HETE. Significant amounts of 3 H-PGE 2 were observed in the supernatants of those cells labeled for 24 h, but not 4 h. The absence of 3 H-TXB 2 was notable, since enzyme immunoassay detected significant quantities of this AA metabolite in all of the stimulated cell supernatants. From these data we conclude that n-3 PUFA enrichment of piglet AM alters the metabolism of recently incorporated 3 H-AA and that the metabolism of labeled AA may not parallel endogenous AA.
Overexpressed nuclear factor-κB can participate in endogenous C-reactive protein induction, and enhances the effects of C/EBPβ and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3

C-reactive protein (CRP), the prototypical human acute phase protein, is produced primarily by hepatocytes. Its expression is modestly induced by interleukin (IL)-6 in Hep3B cells while IL-1, which alone has no effect, synergistically enhances the effects of IL-6. In previous studies of the proximal CRP promoter, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and C/EBPβ -mediated IL-6-induced transcription and that Rel p50 acted synergistically with C/EBPβ, in the absence of p65, to enhance CRP transcription. Neither a requirement nor a binding site for the classic nuclear factor (NF)-κB heterodimer p50/p65 were found. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether similar novel transcription factor interactions might regulate the endogenous CRP gene. Transiently overexpressed p50 or p65 induced CRP mRNA accumulation in Hep3B cells. The heterodimer p50/p65 was markedly more effective than p50 or p65 homodimers. Co-overexpression of p50 or p65 with C/EBPβ or STAT3 synergistically enhanced CRP expression. Maximal expression was observed with overexpression of all four transcription factors; comparable effects were observed with IL-1β treatment of cells overexpressing STAT3 + C/EBPβ. Data from the Human Genome Project revealed 13 potential κB sites in the first 4000 bases of the CRP promoter, only one of which, centred at −2652, bound nuclear p50/p65 heterodimer activated by IL-1β. Our findings indicate that classical NF-κB activation can participate in endogenous CRP induction, and that activated NF-κB may synergistically enhance the effects of C/EBPβ and STAT3. They raise the possibility, not as yet established, that NF-κB activation may be responsible for the synergistic effect of IL-1β on IL-6-induced CRP expression.
Soil Clean Up by in-situ Aeration. XIII. Effects of Solution Rates and Diffusion in Mass-Transport-Limited Operation

Abstract A model for soil vapor extraction (SVE) in laboratory columns is developed which includes the effects of mass transport kinetics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) droplets and the aqueous phase, and between the aqueous and vapor phases. The model provides a detailed treatment of diffusion of VOCs through a stagnant aqueous boundary layer, and permits time-dependent gas flow rates in the vapor extraction column. Runs made with the model exhibit high initial effluent soil gas VOC concentrations typically followed by a fairly rapid decrease in concentration which in turn is followed by a prolonged tailing region in which the effluent soil gas VOC concentrations decrease quite slowly until nearly all of the VOC has been stripped from the column. The model demonstrates the futility of trying to predict SVE clean-up times on the basis of pilot scale experiments carried out for only a few days, in that these give no idea whatsoever as to the rate of VOC removal ...
Insights into linearized rotor dynamics

Abstract Over the last 20 years, linearized rotor-bearing models have been used in lateral vibration analyses of numerous rotating machines: i.e., prediction of critical speeds, unbalance response, non-synchronous response, and instability threshold speed. Advances in computers and computing techniques over this period have had their effect by expanding the complexity of rotor-bearing systems which can be comprehensively analyzed. However, certain fundamental physical and mathematical properties of these systems have naturally remained unchanged. Some of these fundamental properties have not been given the attention or clarification they deserve, in contrast to the coverage given computing techniques and results. This paper has been written to relate various physical properties of linearized rotor-bearing systems to certain unique mathematical properties they possess.
Detection and assignment of the glucose signal in 1h nmr difference spectra of the human brain

The difference between 1H NMR spectra obtained during eu- and hyperglycemia exhibited well-resolved glucose peaks between 3 and 4 ppm as demonstrated by comparison with solution spectra. Estimated increases were consistent with recent 13C NMR quantitations of intracerebral glucose. Difference spectra were measured in 36-ml volumes from the human brain every 3 min.
Mycophenolate mofetil versus sirolimus as an adjunct to calcineurin inhibition after renal transplantation.

Mycophenolate mofetil versus sirolimus as an adjunct to calcineurin inhibition after renal transplantation
13C labeling of plant assimilates using a simple canopy-scale open air system

A simple system based on web-FACE technology was designed and implemented as an approach to label plant-assimilated carbon (C) with 13C. The labeling system avoids the use of a chamber or other enclosure, instead distributing CO2 heavily enriched in 13C at near atmospheric concentrations to the tree foliage through the use of porous tubing. The system was applied to three plantation grown juvenile larch (Larix spp.) trees during the daylight hours over the course of five days in the middle of the growing season. Relative to control trees, fumigation with enriched CO2 resulted in significantly 13C-enriched foliar respiration and nighttime soil respiration. Enrichment was also created in the foliar tissue, but differences between labeled and control trees were not statistically significant. Temporal and spatial variation in the strength of the isotopic label did occur, and modifications to the system are suggested to limit the variation. The approach should enable the implementation of pulse-chase experiments designed to understand plant source-sink relationships or experiments designed to understand the flux of C from plant roots into the soil food web.
Statistical Electromigration analysis of a chip with the consideration of a within-die temperature map

In this paper, we present a new approach which uses statistical methods to analyze the Electromigration (EM) reliability of a chip. This new approach utilizes statistical nature of EM failure distribution to assess overall EM risk and applies a within-die temperature map on a chip level design of multiple metal and via layers. The new proposed method provides a more optimistic EM violation estimation result when compared with results using traditional method.
The streamwise spacing of adjacent coherent structures in stratified wakes

The longevity and surprising stability of late wakes emerging from an initially-turbulent state in a stably stratified ambient has been noted frequently in the literature. Here, the streamwise spacing is proposed and detailed as a diagnostic for the structure generated by a towed sphere. The wake Strouhal number and its evolution in time is reported over 2 orders of magnitude range in internal Froude number F∈[2,200]. Over the entire range of F, the decay rates adhere closely to a constant St∼Nt−1/3 power law that can be argued from simple geometric grounds. There is no tendency for values of St to aggregate at, or close to a constant value, such as St=0.175, as would be expected for a near-wake spiral shedding mode. The collective Nt−1/3 evolution is a statistical product of individual, nearest-neighbor interactions. Characteristic departures from the general rule in the lifetime of specific like-signed vortex pairs show pairing (or tripling) interactions with an asymmetry in the spacing distribution evo...
Preparation of silver spheres by aggregation of nanosize subunits

Dispersed uniform spherical silver particles were prepared in the absence of a protective colloid by rapidly mixing concentrated isoascorbic acid and silver-polyamine complex solutions. By varying the nature of the amine, temperature, concentration of reactants, silver/amine molar ratio, and the nature of the silver salt, it was possible to tailor the size of the resulting metallic particles in a wide range (80 nm to 1.3 μm). The silver spheres were formed by aggregation of nanosize subunits, the presence of which was detected by both electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Due to its simplicity, high metal concentration, and the absence of polymeric dispersants, the described method represents an advantageous route to manufacture cost-effectively dispersed uniform silver particles for electronic applications.
Estimating customer patience-time density in large-scale call centers

We study the phenomenon of customer abandonment in a G/G/n + GI queue that serves as a building block to model large-scale call centers. In such a queue, customer patience times are assumed to be independent, identically distributed following a general distribution. The patience-time distribution has a huge impact on system performance. For a many-server queue that is heavily loaded with a small or moderate fraction of customer abandonment, theoretical and empirical evidences both suggest that the patience-time density at zero, rather than the entire distribution, often dictates the system performance. Using an asymptotic relationship established in [3], between abandonment processes and queue-length processes, we propose an estimator for the patience-time density at zero. We prove that the estimator is consistent in queues with time-nonhomogeneous arrival processes. We illustrate the effectiveness of this estimator in a realistic setting that allows for both time-varying arrival rates and time-varying staffing levels.
Correlates of depressive symptoms among at-risk youth presenting to the emergency department

Abstract Objective The study's objective was to identify correlates of depressive symptoms among at-risk youth in an urban emergency department (ED). Method A systematic sample of adolescents (ages 14–18) in the ED were recruited as part of a larger study. Participants reporting past-year alcohol use and peer aggression self-administered a survey assessing: demographics, depressive symptoms and risk/protective factors. Logistic regression identified factors associated with depressive symptoms. Results Among 624 adolescents (88% response rate) meeting eligibility criteria, 22.8% ( n =142) screened positive for depressive symptoms. In logistic regression, depressive symptoms were positively associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR): 2.84, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–4.51], poor academic performance (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.44), binge drinking (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.21–2.91), community violence exposure (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.59–3.18) and dating violence (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36–3.38) and were negatively associated with same-sex mentorship (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.91) and older age (OR: 0.55, 95% CI 0.34–0.89). Including gender interaction terms did not significantly change findings. Conclusions Screening and intervention approaches for youth in the urban ED should address the co-occurrence of depressive symptoms with peer and dating violence, alcohol and nonmarijuana illicit drug use.
Flux of Millimetric Space Debris

In 21.4 hr of zenith radar observations on 4 days at 8510 MHz, we found 831 particles with altitudes between 177 and 1662 km. From the duration of the echoes and the angular size (0.030 deg) of the antenna beam 157 particles were identified as passing through the side lobes and not through the main beam. Our analysis is based on the 674 particles that did not broaden the beam. On the assumptions that these particles went through the main beam, their radar cross sections vary between 0.02 and 260 sq mm , and their radial velocities vary between +/- 700 m/s. If they are conducting spheres, their diameters lie between 2 and 18 mm. If not, they must be larger. The flux of these particles, that is the number per sq km day, was determined in 100 km intervals. The maximum flux, 3.3 particles per sq km day, occurs at 950 km altitude. The small and large particles are not well mixed. The largest particles occur beyond 1000 km and middle-sized particles are missing below 300 km. If the earth's atmosphere caused the smallest particles to lose energy from initial orbits identical to those of the large particles, the orbits would have lower eccentricity at low altitudes. We find a larger eccentricity for the inner particles, and conclude that two or more populations are present.
Expression of Forkhead-box protein A1, a marker of luminal A type breast cancer, parallels low Oncotype DX 21-gene recurrence scores

The Oncotype DX assay is one of the molecular tests that provide predictive and prognostic information to breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and node-negative disease. This study evaluates the association of Forkhead-box protein A1 (FOXA1) and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) expressions with Oncotype DX recurrences scores in 77 cases of patients with ER-positive node-negative breast carcinomas diagnosed at Indiana University. The data were correlated with patient age, tumor size, histologic type, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson score, histologic grade, and progesterone receptor status. The median FOXA1 and GATA3 scores were 240 and 200, respectively. The Oncotype DX recurrence scores were low in 57%, intermediate in 30%, and high in 13% of cases. FOXA1 expression correlated negatively with Oncotype DX recurrence scores (P=0.004), and histologic type (P=0.0004). Oncotype DX recurrences score also correlated negatively with progesterone receptor (P=0.035) with 100% of progesterone receptor-negative cases having high or intermediate Oncotype DX scores. FOXA1 and GATA3 expressions correlated positively (P=0.014). The correlation between FOXA1 expression and Oncotype DX recurrence scores remained significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons and controlling for confounders such as histological type, grade, and progesterone receptor. A statistically significant correlation between the Oncotype DX recurrence scores and FOXA1 expression in our diverse cohort of ER-positive breast cancer patients was observed. We propose that this may represent a more cost-effective strategy to further risk stratify patients with good prognosis in whom chemotherapy may be omitted. To confirm these findings, further studies in a larger cohort of patients are warranted.