cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology and Clinical Use of Bivalirudin

OBJECTIVE:To review the primary literature describing the pharmacology and clinical uses of bivalirudin.DATA SOURCES:A MEDLINE search (January 1966–May 2001) was conducted that used bivalirudin, hirulog, and direct thrombin inhibitor as key words. References from retrieved articles and unpublished information acquired from the manufacturer and the Internet were also used.STUDY SELECTION:All acquired articles that discussed the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy of bivalirudin were reviewed.DATA EXTRACTION:Articles were selected based on content regarding the pharmacology and clinical use of bivalirudin. Given the paucity of data pertaining to the clinical use of bivalirudin, most articles were used, including abstracts and communications with the manufacturer.DATA SYNTHESIS:Bivalirudin is a direct thrombin inhibitor that inactivates both unbound and fibrin-bound thrombin. Bivalirudin rapidly induces anticoagulation and has a relatively short duration of action. Bivalirudin displays line...
Femtosecond tuning of Cr:colquiriite lasers with AlGaAs-based saturable Bragg reflectors

We present a detailed experimental study of femtosecond tuning with Cr:LiSAF and Cr:LiCAF gain media using Al0.95Ga0.05As/Al0.17Ga0.83As-based saturable Bragg reflectors. In the experiments with Cr:LiSAF gain media, femtosecond tuning ranges of 803–831 nm (28 nm), 828–873 nm (45 nm) and 890–923 nm (33 nm) were demonstrated using three different saturable Bragg reflectors with reflectivity bands centered at around 800, 850, and 910 nm, respectively. With Cr:LiCAF gain medium, a femtosecond tuning range of 767–817 nm (50 nm) was demonstrated using the 800 nm saturable Bragg reflector. Pulses as short as 26 fs with Cr:LiSAF and 39 fs with Cr:LiCAF have been obtained, which we believe are the shortest pulses reported from Cr:colquiriite laser systems mode locked with saturable Bragg reflectors. This study further illustrates the benefits and limitations of Al0.95Ga0.05As/Al0.17Ga0.83As-based saturable Bragg reflectors for use in Cr:colquiriites.
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS ON GAUSSIAN INTEGERS

In this paper we present a short study of the ring of complex-valued arithmetic functions defined on the ring of Gaussian integers. We investigate an absolute value and the corresponding metric structure on this ring.
Ecological stoichiometry of ants in a New World rain forest

C:N stoichiometry was investigated in relation to diet (δ15N), N-deprivation, and worker body size for a diverse assemblage of tropical Amazonian ants. Relative nitrogen (N) deprivation was assayed for 54 species as an exchange ratio (ER), defined as SUCmin/AAmin, or the minimum sucrose concentration, divided by the minimum amino acid concentration, accepted as food by ≥50% of tested workers. On average, N-deprivation (ER) was almost fivefold greater for N-omnivorous and N-herbivorous (N-OH) taxa than for N-carnivores. In two-way ANOVAs at three taxonomic levels (species and species groups, genera, and tribes), higher ER was associated with small body size and (marginally) with less carnivorous diets. ERs did not differ systematically between trophobiont-tending and “leaf-foraging” functional groups, but specialized wound-feeders and coccid-tenders were prominent among high ER taxa. Paradoxically, some high ER taxa were among the most predatory members of their genera or subfamilies. Biomass % N was lower in N-OH taxa than in carnivores and varied inversely with N-deprivation (log ER) in the former taxa only. In an expanded data set, N-content increased allometrically in N-OHs, N-carnivores, and all ants combined, and with carnivory in large-bodied ants only. Exceptional taxa included small-bodied and predaceous Wasmannia, with high % N despite high ER, and Linepithema, with the lowest % N despite high δ15N. Patterns in C:N stoichiometry are explained largely at the genus level and above by elemental composition of alarm/defensive/offensive chemical weaponry and, perhaps in some cases, by reduced N investment in cuticle in taxa with high surface:volume ratios. Several consequences of C:N stoichiometry identify Azteca, and possibly Crematogaster, as taxa preadapted for their roles as prominent associates of myrmecophytes. C:N stoichiometry of ants should be incorporated into models of strategic colony design and examined in a phylogenetic context as opportunities permit.
Wireless continuous wave near infrared imager

Near infrared spectroscopy is a novel method to monitor the hemodynamic activity of the brain. Various techniques and devices have been developed to utilize this method in various fields such as education, psychology and neuroscience. However, current devices do not enable complete freedom of motion so limit the fields where this technology can be used. In this paper the first prototype wireless continuous wave near infrared imager was described. The aim of this design is to produce a miniaturized, wearable, affordable, noninvasive system that can monitor hemodynamic brain activity.
The Influence of Patient Education by the Dental Hygienist: Acceptance of the Fluorescence Oral Cancer Exam

Purpose: Oral cancer frequently goes undetected in its early and most curable stages because no clinical signs or symptoms usually exist. This study assessed the effect patient education had on the patient9s decision to accept or refuse a fluorescence oral cancer examination. Methods: Along with providing a routine clinical and white light oral cancer exam, a Visually Enhanced Lesion Scope (VELscope®) was used to evaluate the patient9s oral cavity. After gaining written consent, 100 patients at a university dental hygiene clinic were provided a survey that evaluated their risk factors, opinions, and knowledge regarding oral cancer. Upon assessing the patient9s willingness to receive a free oral fluorescence examination, the survey questioned if being charged a fee for the exam would serve as a deterrent to receiving it. Regardless of acceptance or refusal of the exam, the patient was educated, first by a brochure, and then by discussion with the researcher, about oral cancer. Results: Overall, 92% of participants agreed to pay a fee for the VELscope® exam. Of those who initially refused the VELscope® exam, 78% agreed to the exam after being educated about oral cancer. Patients were very appreciative of both the education and technology offered to them. Conclusions: Dental professionals have a responsibility to educate their patients about oral cancer in order to enable them to make informed decisions about their oral and overall health. Additionally, patient education has a significant impact on patient acceptance of the VELscope® exam.
Doline Morphology and Development in Barbados

ABSTRACT In Barbados, dolines developed on an uplifted series of raised reef terraces provide a unique opportunity to investigate the long-term formation and change of karstic depressions. In a 124.5 km2 area, 1179 dolines were located and 360 surveyed. Dolines occupy only about 1 percent of the total area. There are spatial controls on doline development, but dolines in areas of different elevation and age differ from one another in a way that suggests sequential development. Doline densities increase up to an altitude of 150 m and decline thereabove. Distributions indicate clustering, but there is little evidence of structural controls producing preferred long-axis orientation. Doline and dry valley development is competitive, and there are two doline subpopulations: a larger one in interfluve areas and a smaller one in valleys. Doline complexes develop through time partly by expansion, interference, and coalescence and partly by subdivision.
Superego aspects of entitlement (in rigid characters)

Dynamic conflict among feelings of entitlement, defectiveness, and deprivation is discussed from the perspective of superego defense against dangerously aggressive (and sexual) wishes. These negati...
Time-Resolved MR Angiography of the Central Veins of the Chest

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to show the usefulness and limitations of contrast-enhanced time-resolved MR angiography (MRA) for imaging the central veins of the chest.CONCLUSION. Time-resolved MRA is highly sensitive for the detection of abnormalities and is particularly useful in conjunction with static high-spatial-resolution MRA. However, several intrinsic limitations must be kept in mind.
Experiences using the ParaScope Editor: an interactive parallel programming tool

The ParaScope Editor is an interactive parallel programming tool that assists knowledgeable users in developing scientific Fortran programs. It displays the results of sophisticated program analyses, provides a set of powerful interactive transformations, and supports program editing. This paper summarizes experiences of scientific programmers and tool designers using the ParaScope Editor. We evaluate existing features and describe enhancements in three key areas: user interface, analysis, and transformation. many existing features prove crucial to successful program parallelization. They include interprocedural array side-effect analysis and program and dependence view filtering. Desirable functionality includes improved program navigation based on performance estimation, incorporating user assertions in analysis and more guidance in selecting transformations. These results offer insights for the authors of a variety of programming tools and parallelizing compilers.
Chemical and mutagenic analysis of volatile organic compounds in Raleigh air samples at three different elevations before, during, and after hurricane gordon

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected and measured at a television tower 10 km southeast of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina at three different levels (Surface, < 1 m; Mid, 240 m; and Top, 433 m) during the summer and fall of 1994. The combined presence of ozone, arenes, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) suggested possible nitration of arenes during atmospheric mixing. Air samples, therefore, were collected using XAD-filled canisters at each level on the tower prior to, during, and after Hurricane Gordon. Collected air samples were Soxhlet extracted and analyzed with the Salmonella typhimurium microsuspension mutagenicity assay using strains YG1021 and YG1026 which are sensitive to nitrarenes. Significant mutagenicity was observed only in the Top and Mid level samples for the post-hurricane, normal weather air samples. Surface samples were not mutagenic, which suggests the long-range transport of these mutagenic nitrarenes.
Analytic models of adaptive load sharing schemes in distributed real-time systems

In a distributed real-time system, nonuniform task arrivals may temporarily overload some nodes while leaving some other nodes idle. As a result, some of the tasks on an overloaded node may miss their deadlines even if the overall system has the capacity to meet the deadlines of all tasks. A decentralized, dynamic load sharing (LS) scheme has been proposed as a solution to this problem. Analytic queuing models to comparatively evaluate this LS scheme as well as three other schemes-no LS, LS with random selection of a receiver node, and LS with perfect information- are developed. The evolution of a node's load state is modeled as a continuous-time semi-Markov process, where cumulative execution time (CET), rather than the commonly-used queue length (QL), is employed to describe the workload of a node. The proposed scheme is compared against other LS schemes. The validity of analytic models is checked with simulations. Both analytic and simulation results indicate that by using judicious exchange/use of state information and Bayesian decision mechanism, the proposed scheme makes a significant improvement over other existing LS schemes in minimizing the probability of dynamic failure. >
Generalized discontinuous carrier-based PWM modulation scheme for multi-phase converter-machine systems

Using an expanded reference frame transformation expressed in the complex-variable form, the possibilities offered by multi-phase converters, using carrier-based, sine-triangle pulse-width modulation to generate voltages of different frequencies to actuate multi-phase electric machines are set forth. The generalized expressions for the modulation signals, including the neutral voltage component to be compared with the high frequency triangle waveform to synthesize reference voltages for both five and six-phase converter-electric machines are determined. How the inclusion of the neutral voltage affects the modulation signals and the voltage gain and waveform quality is discussed. Some experimental results of synthesized five phase converter voltage waveforms are provided to validate the voltage waveform synthesis using carrier-based generalized (dis)continuous pulse-width modulation for operation in both the under and over- modulation regimes.
The Microscopy of Urine

The validity of routine microscopy of urinary sediments has been controversial, with many pathologists reporting that microscopy of the urine, the way it is performed, is practically useless except for the bacteriological work-up.1 Valenstein and Koepke2 have cautiously recommended that microscopy be reserved for urine specimens with abnormal physicochemical characteristics. By and large, it is true that urine microscopy adds little to the diagnosis when the results of the chemical examination, especially for protein and blood, are negative. Donauer3 compared results by dipstick and by microscopy in 13,479 urine specimens. He found that 12% of the specimens with negative chemistry findings were positive microscopically, whereas 54.6% of the specimens with a positive test for albumin were positive microscopically. Though arguments against routine urine microscopy may be valid in terms of cost-effective analysis, it would be difficult to measure the price of one misdiagnosis for the lack of it. Furthermore, the usefulness of urine microscopy is enhanced by the proper collection of samples and by using suitable techniques to examine them.
The Historical Origins of Biological Abstracts

Before launching into an account of the actual founding of Biological Abstracts, Inc., both as an organization and as a publication, it is first necessary to set the stage for that important historical landmark in international information science. Dr. John Flynn, in his brief history of Biological Abstracts (1951) of a quarter of a century ago, ascribed to World War I the whole reason for the need for an American information service for biology (although information systems were then far in the future, and not even to be imagined until World War II ushered in the electronic age). To be sure, World War I did bring home to the rank and file of biologists their urgent need for such information services when, after the United States entered the war in 1917, the already diminishing flow of German abstracting journals and other periodicals to this country was dramatically and abruptly turned off. For example, the American biologists had long relied for current information on several journals that published reviews, indexes, and abstracts—the botanists on Botanisches Centralblatt, Justs Botanischer Jahresbericht, Hedwigia, and the Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten; the zoologists on Zoologischer Bericht and Berichte uber Wissenschaftliche Biologie; and the bacteriologists on Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie.
The Implications of Taxation for Offshore Residents from the USA, UK and Australia - A Comparative Analysis

This paper outlines and examines the taxation implications (primarily income tax) for residents of the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia also citizens and permanent residents of the United States (US) who are employed overseas. In addition to identifying specific taxation implications for residents of the UK and Australia, also citizens and permanent residents of the US who are employed abroad, this paper discusses the historical foundations of the US, UK and Australian [federal] tax regimes, including an analysis if their respective strengths and weaknesses.
Severe Headache or Migraine History is Inversely Correlated With Dietary Sodium Intake: NHANES 1999-2004.

Objective We investigated whether dietary sodium intake from respondents of a national cross‐sectional nutritional study differed by history of migraine or severe headaches.
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF RARITY IN ASTER FURCATUS (ASTERACEAE), A THREATENED, SELF-INCOMPATIBLE PLANT.

Aster furcatus is a rare, self-incompatible plant with fewer than 50 known populations throughout its range. We verified self-incompatibility in A. furcatus by conducting experimental self- and cross-pollinations and by examining seed set in a small population comprised of a single clonal genet. We examined variation at 22 electrophoretic loci in 23 populations of A. furcatus from across its range in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri. Except for two rare alleles found in single individuals in three populations, all loci but one of those examined were fixed for single alleles. The only variable locus (triosephosphate isomerase, TPI-1) tended to exhibit genotype frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or with a slight excess of heterozygotes. Although overall gene diversity was extremely low, TPI genotype frequencies were indicative of an outcrossing plant. We examined the subpopulation genetic structure among clonal plants within one Wisconsin population in greater detail. F statistics indicated that much of the genetic variation at the polymorphic TPI locus was due to differentiation among populations. We discuss the implications of self-incompatibility and low levels of genetic variation for the evolution and conservation of Aster furcatus and other rare plants with similar breeding systems.
Distillative Self-Sorting of Dynamic Ester Libraries

Metal alkoxides, such as NaOt-Bu or Ti(OBu)4, can initiate acyl exchange within complex ester libraries. Reactive distillation of such dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) isolates the most volatile ester at the expense of the less volatile library members that share a constituent with it. This process can be iteratively repeated to yield up to four industrially relevant esters as pure products from a single reaction setup. An algorithm has been developed to predict reactive distillation products in DCLs of as many as 121 members.
Lumping method and its application in steam phrolysis kinetic model

The lumping kinetic method for complex reaction system has been applied widely in the petroleum refining process at present.This article introduced the application of the lumping method in the complex reaction kinetic models of FCC,the catalytic reforming and the catalytic cracking.Based on the experience in establishing Daqing heavy feedstocks steam pyrolysis lumped kinetic model,we proposed some experiences and suggestions when establishing complex reaction system kinetic models by the lumping method.
Evaluation of Occupational Hazards Control on A New Project of A Furniture Factory

[Objective]To evaluate the protective measures of occupational hazard and control effect of a furniture factory.[Methods]On-site occupational health survey and test method were adopted to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluation.[Results]The occupational hazards of wood dust, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and noise existed in production process.[Conclusion]This construction project adopts less toxic rawmaterials, advanced production technology and reasonable protection facilities to effectively reduce the occupational hazards to laborer's health and basically accord with the requirements of the relative laws, regulations, norms and standards in China.
Segmented Bayesian Calibration of Multidisciplinary Models

This paper investigates Bayesian model calibration for multidisciplinary problems that involve several disciplinary models and multiple sources of data regarding individual and combined physics. A segmented approach is explored as an alternative to simultaneous calibration of the parameters and discrepancy terms of all the component models. Simultaneous Bayesian calibration requires conducting inference on all uncertain parameters using all models and data concurrently. This can lead to significant computational burden and ambiguity regarding each individual model’s contribution to the overall prediction uncertainty. Segmented Bayesian model calibration is first investigated with two illustrative mathematical examples and the performance of this strategy is examined for different characteristics of the problem (i.e., model dependence and data availability). The Kullback–Leibler divergence and the Bayes factor metric are used to compare the computational effort and accuracy of the segmented and simultaneou...
Catholic Higher Education and the Enlightenment: on Borderlines and Roots

The task of the scholar and the university is the creative appropriation of a tradition in a new context. The documents of the church and recent commentators use the image of “borderline” to indicate the place and role of Catholic higher education. That image indicates well enough that the task of Catholic higher education is the mediation of the Catholic tradition. But let me turn to another aspect of the image of the borderline. Modern culture, or, in its broadest sense, the Enlightenment, is not only to be pictured on the other side of a borderline, but as a “ root .” Catholic higher education has two roots, both of which are its own, one the church and one the culture. The Enlightenment is also its heritage.
Taxane-Based Chemotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), defined as progression of disease in the setting castrate testosterone levels, is associated with significant morbidity and a dismal prognosis. Historically, the paradigm for treatment of HRPC focused on palliation because of the lack of available therapies that improved survival. The taxanes, chemotherapeutic agents that stabilize microtubules, thereby preventing further cell division, demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of HRPC in phase I and phase II studies. In addition, taxane-based therapies palliated disease complications with minimal toxicity. Two randomized studies, SWOG 9916 and TAX 327, were the first trials to establish the survival benefit of docetaxel for men with progressive HRPC. As the literature describing the benefit of taxane-based chemotherapy for metastatic disease has grown, the role of these therapies for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of high-risk localized disease are being investigated. The future of taxanebased treatment lies in combination strategies with biological and targeted therapy, including agents targeting angiogenesis, the endothelin receptor, and other signal pathways to help overcome drug resistance and improve clinical outcomes for patients with HRPC.
New protection structure against minority carrier injection

In this paper, a simple and effective protection structure against minority carrier injection is proposed. The structure consists of an Nwell between the power device and the CMOS associated with a PBL (P buried layer) and an NBL (N buried layer) underneath the CMOS logic. The efficiency of this technique was evaluated in 2D and 3D device simulation.
Pan-cancer survey of epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Background While epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can be readily induced experimentally in cancer cells, the EMT process as manifested in human tumors needs to be better understood. Pan-cancer genomic datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), representing over 10,000 patients and 32 distinct cancer types, provide a rich resource for examining correlative patterns involving EMT mediators in the setting of human cancers. Results Here, we surveyed a 16-gene signature of canonical EMT markers in TCGA pan-cancer cohort. The histology or cell-of-origin of a tumor sample may align more with mesenchymal or epithelial phenotype, and noncancer as well as cancer cells can contribute to the overall molecular patterns observed within a tumor sample; correlation models involving EMT markers can factor in both of the above variables. EMT-associated genes appear coordinately expressed across all cancers and within each cancer type surveyed. Gene signatures of immune cells correlate highly with EMT marker expression in tumors. In pan-cancer analysis, several EMT-related genes can be significantly associated with worse patient outcome. Conclusions Gene correlates of EMT phenotype in human tumors could include novel mediators of EMT that might be confirmed experimentally, by which TCGA datasets may serve as a platform for discovery in ongoing studies. Developmental Dynamics 247:555-564, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust segmentation of trabecular bone for in vivo CT imaging using anisotropic diffusion and multi-scale morphological reconstruction

Osteoporosis is associated with an increased risk of low-trauma fractures. Segmentation of trabecular bone (TB) is essential to assess TB microstructure, which is a key determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. Here, we present a new method for TB segmentation for in vivo CT imaging. The method uses Hessian matrix-guided anisotropic diffusion to improve local separability of trabecular structures, followed by a new multi-scale morphological reconstruction algorithm for TB segmentation. High sensitivity (0.93), specificity (0.93), and accuracy (0.92) were observed for the new method based on regional manual thresholding on in vivo CT images. Mechanical tests have shown that TB segmentation using the new method improved the ability of derived TB spacing measure for predicting actual bone strength (R2=0.83).
Abstract 326: TRPV2 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Function via Altering Ca2+ Cycling

TRPV2 is a member of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family. As a Ca2+ channel, it can detect various stimuli such as noxious heat (>52°C), membrane stretching, as well as a number of exogenous chemicals, including probenecid, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, and lysophospholipids. TRPV2 has been found in many tissue types, including neuron and kidney, but the function of TRPV2 in the heart is poorly understood. Here we show TRPV2 is involved in the Ca2+ cycling process and then regulates the function of the cardiomyocyte. We identified the mRNA expression of TRPV2 in the cardiac tissues of mice using real-time PCR. By performing echocardiography we found that administration of probenecid, a selective TRPV2 agonist, increased cardiac ejection fraction in mice. This positive inotropic effect of probenecid was also shown in Langendorff perfused mice hearts as increased peak +dP/dt. In isolated ventricular myocytes, we found that probenecid significantly increased myocyte fractional shortening in a dose-dependent manner, which was fully blocked by ruthenium red, a non-selective TRPV2 blocker. We also performed fluorescent studies to examine myocyte Ca2+ cycling. We found that probenecid significantly increased Ca2+ transient and resting-state Ca2+ sparks and this effect was eliminated by ruthenium red. When Ca2+ storage in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was depleted with caffeine, and SR Ca2+ reuptake was blocked by thapsigargin at the same time, probenecid did not show any effects in either Ca2+ transient or Ca2+ sparks. Our patch clamp experiments indicate that probenecid treatment does not trigger any significant transmembrane Ca2+ influx. These results point to the important role of TRPV2 in regulating SR Ca2+ release. In conclusion, TRPV2 activation may contribute to increased SR Ca2+ release, leading to the enhancement of myocyte contractility. Thus, TRPV2 plays a potentially important role in controlling the cellular function of heart.
Casper*: Query processing for location services without compromising privacy

In this article, we present a new privacy-aware query processing framework, Capsera, in which mobile and stationary users can obtain snapshot and/or continuous location-based services without revealing their private location information. In particular, we propose a privacy-aware query processor embedded inside a location-based database server to deal with snapshot and continuous queries based on the knowledge of the user's cloaked location rather than the exact location. Our proposed privacy-aware query processor is completely independent of how we compute the user's cloaked location. In other words, any existing location anonymization algorithms that blur the user's private location into cloaked rectilinear areas can be employed to protect the user's location privacy. We first propose a privacy-aware query processor that not only supports three new privacy-aware query types, but also achieves a trade-off between query processing cost and answer optimality. Then, to improve system scalability of processing continuous privacy-aware queries, we propose a shared execution paradigm that shares query processing among a large number of continuous queries. The proposed scalable paradigm can be tuned through two parameters to trade off between system scalability and answer optimality. Experimental results show that our query processor achieves high quality snapshot and continuous location-based services while supporting queries and/or data with cloaked locations.
Production of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether by Alternaria alternata grown on fruits at various temperatures

Two toxigenic strains of the fungus Alternaria alternata (ATCC 56836 and ATCC 66868) were grown on surface-disinfected, fresh, ripe fruits and tested for the production of alternariol (AOH) and alternariol methyl ether (AME). Examined fruits included strawberries; red and green seedless grapes; concord grapes; red delicious, golden delicious, and gala apples; and blueberries. After inoculation, fruits were incubated at 4, 10 degrees C, or room temperature (approximately 21 degrees C) for up to 3 weeks. At weekly intervals, duplicate samples were analyzed for AOH and AME by using liquid chromatography. Results indicated that A. alternata and its metabolites were not a major problem in strawberries due to the presence of fast-growing molds like Rhizopus and Botrytis that outgrew and possibly inhibited Alternaria. Both Alternaria strains showed limited growth on apples, although fast-growing molds were not present after surface disinfection; AOH and AME were produced only by the ATCC 56836 strain on the golden delicious and gala varieties, (ranging from <0.1 to 5 microg/g and <0.1 to 14 microg/g for AOH and AME, respectively). Restricted growth of both strains without toxin production occurred in blueberries, whereas moderate growth and AOH (<0.1 to 3,336 microg/g) and AME (<0.1 to 1,716 microg/g) production took place in grapes.
Genomewide variation provides insight into evolutionary relationships in a monkeyflower species complex (Mimulus sect. Diplacus).

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Evolutionary radiations provide excellent opportunities to study the origins of biodiversity, but rapid divergence and ongoing gene flow make inferring evolutionary relationships among taxa difficult. Consequently, combining morphological and genomic analyses will be necessary to clarify the evolutionary history of radiations. We used an integrative approach to shed light on relationships within a diverse radiation of monkeyflowers (Mimulus section Diplacus) with a controversial taxonomic history. METHODS We used genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism data and a combination of phylogenetic and population genomic analyses to infer the evolutionary relationships within the group. Tests for hybridization were performed to reveal sources of shared variation, and multivariate analyses of floral trait data were conducted to examine the correspondence between phenotypic and phylogenetic data. KEY RESULTS We identified four primary clades with evidence for some shared variation among them. We also detected evidence for recent gene flow between closely related subclades and populations. Strong discordance between floral trait and molecular data provides evidence for divergent and convergent phenotypic evolution. CONCLUSIONS Mimulus section Diplacus has all the hallmarks of a rapid radiation, including diverse taxa that are at different stages of divergence, extensive shared variation among taxa, and complex patterns of phenotypic evolution. Our findings will direct future evolutionary research and have important taxonomic implications that highlight the need for a new revision of section Diplacus.
Varro, Marcus Terentius (116–27 b.c.)

After a somewhat distinguished military/political career, Varro (116–27 B.C.) turned to scholarship and authored dozens of tomes on linguistic, literary, historical, and ethnographical subjects. His magnum opus, the De Lingua Latina, was an instant scholarly classic, and he became the most frequently cited Roman grammarian.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among Special Forces Vietnam veterans.

Fifty-seven Special Forces Vietnam Veterans were studied to determine if special selection and rigorous training affected the frequency and pattern of predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No absolute immunity to PTSD was conferred. Frequency (25%) and predictors of PTSD were similar to those reported for other groups of Vietnam Veterans. Symptoms of PTSD were associated with poorer pre-service relationships, being wounded, being wounded after return from R&R, having friends missing in action, feeling guilt over the death of a friend, lack of emotional preparation to leave the unit or service, and failure to discuss feelings upon return from Vietnam. Language: en
Gestures: Pragmatic Aspects

(Hand-) gestures play many diverse roles in human life and do many different jobs in social interaction. Gesture – simple emblems like the thumbs-up sign as much as ongoing gesticulation that accompanies talk – is a most flexible resource that is utilized in a multitude of cultural practices, ranging from legal proceedings to work in mines to the making of music and intimate moments of talk, and it is always in play when people collaborate with their hands on common tasks. The practices of gesture are heterogeneous and difficult to subsume under a common denominator, other than that the activity involves communicative action of the hands. The view adopted here is focused by the question how gesture serves persons – embodied actors – who are acting in the world together, within specific ecological and cultural settings, and together making sense of it; gesture is conceived as a mode (or set of modes) of bodily action by which the world is structured, known and understood, not in the first place as a system of signs or a mode of expression.
Fracture of nonhomogeneous materials

The nonhomogeneous materials considered in this work are of a class whose elastic moduli are specified by continuous and generally differentiable functions of the spatial coordinates. The elastic stress and displacement fields near a crack tip in a two-dimensional nonhomogeneous cracked body are derived utilizing an extension of the Wiliams eigenfunction expansion technique. The nature of the stress and strain singularity is ascertained to be precisely of the same form as the well-known inverse square root stress singularity near a crack tip in a homogeneous material, independent of the functional form of the elastic moduli variation. A new quasipath-independent integral has been generated which proves useful for computing the energy release rate and mixed-mode stress intensity factors in nonhomogeneous cracked bodies. The integral is used in conjunction with finite element analysis for purposes of computing stress intensity factors. Numerical results are compared with certain exact solutions which are available for nonhomogeneous cracked bodies. Cracked composite bodies have traditionally been modeled and analyzed as possessing discontinuous elastic moduli, but are treated here as having rapid, but smooth variations of the material properties.
Medical Leadership: A Manifesto for Radiologists

Abstract Leadership is much discussed but also often misunderstood. For radiologists, leadership may seem irrelevant or, even worse, an onerous addition to their busy careers. It is important that radiologists understand the relevance and importance of good leadership for the success of departments and groups. There are many obstacles to radiologists becoming effective leaders, including personal resistance that is due to myths and misunderstandings, the time and effort (and money) required to learn to lead well, as well as others including the shift in perspective that comes from focusing on organizational success rather than individual career success. This manifesto will explore the what, the why, and the how of becoming a leader in radiology and why it is critical for individuals, their organizations, academic departments, private practice groups, and others, as well as the larger house of radiology.
Parasitism of frozen Halyomorpha halys eggs by Trissolcus japonicus: applications for rearing and experimentation

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), has become a well-known pest to growers and homeowners since its 1996 introduction to the United States. A classical biocontrol programme i...
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 15th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking and Computing (ACM MobiHoc 2014), held in Philadelphia, PA, USA, from August 11 toAugust 14, 2014. This conference continues with the great success of the previous editions. ACM MobiHoc is well recognized as a premier international forum for researchers, practitioners and students for discussions on emerging challenges from mobile networking, computing, and systems. It covers topics ranging from fundamental theory, to technology issues, to applications and system development. To align with the conference vision, the Technical Program Committee has assembled a strong and diverse program, covering a wide range of technical topics, hoping to influence the direction of a broad spectrum of wireless networking research. This year we received 211 submissions from countries covering all the world regions. Under the guidance of the TPC Co-Chairs, the technical program committee and the reviewers provided outstanding work. Each of the submitted papers, except the early rejected papers due to violation of the rule of anonymity, received, on average, three to four in-depth reviews from Program Committee members, and the process was completed by a TPC review with a recommendation of acceptance/reject/TPC-discussion. The first round review and discussion led by TPC-lead recommended 7 papers for direct acceptance. Based on the TPC recommendation and the review scores, 60 papers were selected for TPC meeting held on May 23, 2014, in Chicago. These papers are randomly grouped into two groups with consideration of balance of paper review scores and avoiding TPC conflict of interests. Extensive discussions of these papers were held among TPC members to advise the TPC Chairs of accepted papers for the program. Only 33 papers were accepted from the TPC meeting. Total 40 papers are included in the final program as regular papers. Due to the large number of submissions, many high quality papers, unfortunately, could not be included in the conference program. Overall, the final program is excellent and diverse, and covers both fundamental issues as well as emerging topics. The ACM MobiHoc 2014 technical program, in addition to ten technical sessions, consists of three keynote talks, a panel on full-duplex communication chaired by Dr. Ness Shroff, a poster session, a demo session, and a demo pitch session. It is our great pleasure and privilege to invite three worldknown researchers, Dr. Farnam Jahanian from NSF, Dr. Joao Barros from University of Porto, and Dr. Roger Wattenhofer from ETH to give three keynote talks on various interesting and timely topics. In addition to the main conference program, seven workshops will be held together with the conference on August 11, 2014.
Comparison of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Prediction Models in Young Adults Running head: Comparison of VO2 max Prediction Models

to compare the predictive accuracy of regression models for a non-consecutive day VO2 max/Wingate testing protocol and a same day testing protocol. Participants (N=23) completed a treadmill GXT and Wingate cycle test. Participants (n=12) completed testing on non-consecutive days (NON) and (n=11) the same day (SAME). VO2 max (L/min) and peak power (PP) were collected. Linear regression analysis of NON revealed R2=0.808 and prediction equation Ŷ=1.499+0.004X and SAME showed R2=0.861 and prediction equation Ŷ=1.407+0.003X. NON standard error of estimate (SEE) and standard error of estimate percent (SEE %) were 0.62 L/min and 15.23%, respectively. SAME SEE and SEE% were 0.34 L/min and 10.98%, respectively. These results indicate PP obtained the same day of VO2max testing is a better predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness. Similarly, the SAME model is more accurate according to SEE and SEE%. This may be due to diminished effects of training adaptations that could occur 2-7 days between testing sessions during the NON testing protocol in healthy, active young adults.
Rapid Development of an Aneurysm at the Anastomotic Site of a Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background Direct extracranial to intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is a valuable treatment option for symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease and complex intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysm formation at or near the anastomotic site is a rarely reported phenomenon, and the pathophysiology and appropriate management of such de novo aneurysms are not clear. Case Description Here we present the case of a superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis that was complicated by aneurysm formation at the anastomotic site. This was treated with microsurgical clipping with preservation of the bypass. Pathologic analysis of the lesion was consistent with a pseudoaneurysm. We provide a literature review of this phenomenon, which is most often associated with low-flow STA-MCA bypasses, including review of the pathologic findings associated with it. Conclusion Pseudoaneurysm formation at the site of an EC-IC bypass is a rare phenomenon that should be recognized and treated to prevent further growth and rupture.
High performance anatase-TiO 2 thin film transistors with a two-step oxidized TiO 2 channel and plasma enhanced atomic layer-deposited ZrO 2 gate dielectric

We reported high performance anatase-TiOalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; thin film transistors (TFTs) with two-step oxidized TiOalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; channel (Oalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; annealing and Nalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt;O plasma treatmen) and Oalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; plasma enhanced atomic layer-deposited ZrOalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; gate dielectric. The transistors using 60-nm TiOalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; as the active channel exhibited a steep subthreshold swing (SS) of 112 mV/dec and a high on/off current ratio (Ialt;subagt;onalt;/subagt;/Ialt;subagt;offalt;/subagt;) of 1.4×10alt;supagt;8alt;/supagt;. The superior performances, achieved by the two-step oxidizing process and the utilization of ZrOalt;subagt;2alt;/subagt; as the high-k gate dielectric, show their great potential to be applied in future electronic and optical systems, such as active matrix displays and ultraviolet (UV) sensors.
Primary uncomplicated midline ventral hernias: factors that influence and guide the surgical approach

Considering recently published high-level evidence on the management of primary midline ventral hernias, we set out to review current practices and reevaluate the literature surrounding this topic. The Americas Hernia Society Quality Collaborative (AHSQC) was used to abstract all uncomplicated primary midline ventral hernias. The primary outcomes of interest were surgical approaches, including the use of mesh, the type and position of mesh, and the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). A total of 7030 met inclusion criteria; mean age of 52 ± 14, 71% male, with a median hernia width of 2 [1, 2]. A total 69% underwent mesh repair, while 31% underwent suture repair. The most commonly used mesh was permanent synthetic (98%), placed in either the intraperitoneal (46%) or preperitoneal (42%) spaces. The majority of repairs were performed through an open approach (72%). When mesh was used through an open approach (58%), the majority were patches (70%) placed in the preperitoneal space (50%). Through an MIS approach (95%), the majority were flat meshes (53%) placed in the intraperitoneal space (58%). Recent high-level literature recommends the use of mesh repair (flat mesh) in all patients with hernia width ≥ 1 cm. This evidence is limited to the use of flat mesh through an open approach. While AHSQC surgeons do offer mesh repair in the majority of cases, this is most commonly using a mesh patch, and is selective towards larger hernias and obese patients. Further research is required to evaluate the safety of mesh patches, and a mesh repair should be offered to a young non-obese healthy patient, as they benefit similarly from the use of mesh.
SORTING OF P-TYPE ATPASES IN POLARIZED EPITHELIAL CELLS

The Na,K-ATPase and the H,K-ATPase are highly homologous members of the P-type family of ion transporting ATPase. Despite their structural similarity, these two pumps are sorted to different destinations in polarized epithelial cells. While the Na,K-ATPase is restricted to the basolateral surfaces of most epithelial cells types, the H,K-ATPase is concentrated at the apical plasmalemma and in a pre-apical vesicular storage compartment in the parietal cells of the stomach. We have generated molecular chimeras composed of complementary portions of these two pumps' alpha-subunits. By expressing these pump constructs in polarized epithelial cells in culture, we have been able to identify sequence domains which participate in the targetting of the holoenzyme. We find that information embedded within the sequence of the fourth transmembrane domain of the H,K-ATPase is sufficient to account for this protein's apical localization. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion results in insertion of the intracellular H,K-ATPase pool into the apical plasma membrane and inactivation of acid secretion is accompanied by the re-internalization of these pumps. We have identified a tyrosine-based signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the H,K-ATPase beta-subunit which appears to be required for this endocytosis. We have mutated the critical tyrosine residue to alanine and expressed the altered protein in transgenic mice. The H,K-ATPase remains continuously at the apical cell surface in parietal cells from these animals, and they constitutively hypersecrete gastric acid. These results demonstrate that the beta-subunit sequence mediates the internalization of the H,K-ATPase and is required for the cessation of gastric acid secretion. Thus, at least two sorting signals are required to ensure the proper targetting and regulation of the gastric H,K pump.
Exact Quantum Many-Body Scar States in the Rydberg-Blockaded Atom Chain.

A recent experiment in the Rydberg atom chain observed unusual oscillatory quench dynamics with a charge density wave initial state, and theoretical works identified a set of many-body ``scar states'' showing nonthermal behavior in the Hamiltonian as potentially responsible for the atypical dynamics. In the same nonintegrable Hamiltonian, we discover several eigenstates at an infinite temperature that can be represented exactly as matrix product states with a finite bond dimension, for both periodic boundary conditions (two exact $E=0$ states) and open boundary conditions (two $E=0$ states and one each $E=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\sqrt{2}$). This discovery explicitly demonstrates the violation of the strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis in this model and uncovers exact quantum many-body scar states. These states show signatures of translational symmetry breaking with a period-2 bond-centered pattern, despite being in one dimension at an infinite temperature. We show that the nearby many-body scar states can be well approximated as ``quasiparticle excitations'' on top of our exact $E=0$ scar states and propose a quasiparticle explanation of the strong oscillations observed in experiments.