cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Secondary Metabolite Genes in Three Closely Related Marine Actinomycete Species

The marine actinomycete genus Salinispora is composed of three closely related species. These bacteria are a rich source of secondary metabolites, which are produced in species-specific patterns. This study examines the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the salinosporamide and staurosporine classes, which have been reported for S. tropica and S. arenicola, respectively. The focus is on "Salinispora pacifica," the most recently discovered and phylogenetically diverse member of the genus. Of 61 S. pacifica strains examined, 15 tested positive for a ketosynthase (KS) domain linked to the biosynthesis of salinosporamide K, a new compound in the salinosporamide series. Compound production was confirmed in two strains, and the domain phylogeny supports vertical inheritance from a common ancestor shared with S. tropica, which produces related compounds in the salinosporamide series. There was no evidence for interspecies recombination among salA KS sequences, providing further support for the geographic isolation of these two salinosporamide-producing lineages. In addition, staurosporine production is reported for the first time for S. pacifica, with 24 of 61 strains testing positive for staD, a key gene involved in the biosynthesis of this compound. High levels of recombination were observed between staD alleles in S. pacifica and the cooccurring yet more distantly related S. arenicola, which produces a similar series of staurosporines. The distributions and phylogenies of the biosynthetic genes examined provide insight into the complex processes driving the evolution of secondary metabolism among closely related bacterial species.
Bevacizumab for Neovascular Ocular Diseases

Objective:To review the efficacy and safety of off-label use of bevacizumab for neovascular ocular diseases.Data Sources:A PubMed (1966–January 2007) search was conducted using the terms human, intravitreal, bevacizumab, macular, and retinopathy. Meeting abstracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Retina Society, Macula Society, and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:Controlled studies, unpublished reports involving 100 or more subjects, and published reports describing 5 or more subjects were reviewed. Only English-language articles were considered.Data Synthesis:Intravitreal bevacizumab has been evaluated in 133 patients in unpublished controlled studies. Over 3500 patients have been evaluated in open-label studies with duration of follow-up ranging from 3 months to 1 year. The most common use was neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Other conditions studied included diabetic retinopathy, pathological myopia, ne...
Automation of Challenging Spatial-Temporal Biomedical Observations With the Adaptive Scanning Optical Microscope (ASOM)

Biological studies, drug discovery, and medical diagnostics benefit greatly from automated microscope platforms that can outperform even the most skilled human operators in certain tasks. However, the small field-of-view of a traditional microscope operating at high resolution poses a significant challenge in practice. The common approach of using a moving stage suffers from relatively low dynamic bandwidth and agitation to the specimen. This paper describes an automated microscope station based on the novel adaptive scanning optical microscope (ASOM), which combines a high-speed post-objective scanning mirror, a custom design scanner lens, and a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) deformable mirror to achieve a greatly expanded field-of-view. After describing the layout and operating principle of the ASOM imaging subsystem, we present a system architecture for an automated microscope system suitable for the ASOM's unique wide field and high-speed imaging capabilities. We then describe a low-cost experimental prototype of the ASOM that demonstrates all critical optical characteristics of the instrument, including the calibration of the MEMS deformable mirror. Finally, we present initial biological (living nematode worms) imaging results obtained with the experimental apparatus and discuss the impact of the ASOM on biomedical imaging activities.
Effects of Wild Type and Mutant HA Fusion Peptides on Kinetics and Activation Thermodynamics of Stalk and Pore Formation: Mechanistic Implications

Viral fusion peptides are 20-25 residue N-terminal regions of type 1 viral fusion proteins that are known to be critical to viral infection and to promote fusion between model membrane vesicles brought into close contact by poly(ethylene glycol) (PRG). However, almost nothing is known about how they function. We report the effects of wild-type (WT) hemagglutinin fusion peptide and its G1S, G1V and W14A mutants on the kinetics of PEG-mediated fusion of 23 nm vesicles of lipid composition dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol in a molar ratio of 35:30:15:20. Time courses of lipid mixing, content mixing, and content leakage were obtained using fluorescence assays at multiple temperatures, and analyzed according to a 2-step or 3-step (Biophys. J., 2007, 92; 4012) sequential model, in order to obtain activation thermodynamics for each step of the fusion process (Biophys J., 2012, 103: 2751). We also used fluorescence probes to monitor the influence of peptides on bilayer interfacial and acyl chain order, bilayer free volume and water penetration. These data were all considered in terms of recently published mechanistic models for the transition states for each of the steps of fusion (Biophys J., 2012, 103: 2751). WT peptide is proposed to catalyze step 1 due to its ability to occupy membrane free volume and stabilize TS1; it eliminates step 2 by destabilizing the second intermediate; and catalyzes step 3 by favoring correlated fluctuations of lipids from cis and trans leaflets of an unstable second intermediate. Supported by NIGMS grant 32707 to BRL.
High Graded Astrocytoma: Results of Treatment

The outcome in patients with a malignant glioma despite some progress in therapeutic strategies, is still very poor. Numerous reports concerning the results of treatment of high-graded astrocytomas, or more specifically glioblastoma multiforme, have been published in the last three decades (1, 19). Interpretation of results and comparison of these studies is rendered difficult because of use of different pathological classifications, lack of sufficient descriptive data, insufficient statistical analysis or the use of historical or no controls at all, with only few exceptions (1, 8, 18).
Elevated Preattentive Affective Processing in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary fMRI Study

Background: Emotion dysregulation is central to the clinical conceptualization of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), with individuals often displaying instability in mood and intense feelings of negative affect. Although existing data suggest important neural and behavioral differences in the emotion processing of individuals with BPD, studies thus far have only explored reactions to overt emotional information. Therefore, it is unclear if BPD-related emotional hypersensitivity extends to stimuli presented below the level of conscious awareness (preattentively). Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses to happy, angry, fearful, and neutral faces presented preattentively, using a backward masked affect paradigm. Given their tendency toward emotional hyperreactivity and altered amygdala and frontal activation, we hypothesized that individuals with BPD would demonstrate a distinct pattern of fMRI responses relative to those without BPD during the viewing of masked affective versus neutral faces in specific regions of interest (ROIs). Results: Results indicated that individuals with BPD demonstrated increases in frontal, cingulate and amygdalar activation represented by number of voxels activated and demonstrated a different pattern of activity within the ROIs relative to those without BPD while viewing masked affective versus neutral faces. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in addition to the previously documented heightened responses to overt displays of emotion, individuals with BPD also demonstrate differential responses to positive and negative emotions, early in the processing stream, even before conscious awareness.
A comparison of evoked response audiometry and routine clinical audiometry.

Auditory thresholds were determined by evoked response audiometry (ERA) and by routine clinical audiometry at two frequencies (500 and 2 000 Hz) for 50 adult patients by five audiologists. The differences between ERA results and routine audiometric results in this study suggest caution in the clinical use of data obtained by ERA.
Acetylcholine and Choline in Human Plasma and Red Blood Cells: A Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometric Evaluation

Acetylcholine (ACh), although generally considered to be a neurotransmitter substance, may also serve some as yet undetermined functions in a variety of mammalian as well as non-mammalian systems. For example the presence of ACh has been demonstrated in tissues such as spleen, liver, lung, fat, testis, kidney, pancreas and placenta of a variety of species (39, for review) in which a neurotransmitter role for ACh is not clearly evident.
Day-to-Day Market Volatility and Hedge Fund Returns in Emerging Markets

In this paper, we use the matching emerging stock and bond market indices to examine the hedge fund returns in different emerging markets. Additionally, we show that including a simple day-to-day market volatility measure in our model helps to improve its explanatory power. Our results indicate that higher market volatility is usually related to lower hedge fund returns in most emerging markets. We interpret this as evidence of poor market timing ability of the hedge fund managers. Other interesting findings are: 1. Hedge fund managers in certain emerging market segments show selection skills as their alphas are positive and significant and 2. These emerging market hedge funds actually do provide some hedge against the general credit risk in global market as their loads on the TED spread are mostly positive and some are significant.
Integrin-based therapeutics: biological basis, clinical use and new drugs

Integrins are activatable molecules that are involved in adhesion and signalling. Of the 24 known human integrins, 3 are currently targeted therapeutically by monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules: drugs targeting the platelet αIIbβ3 integrin are used to prevent thrombotic complications after percutaneous coronary interventions, and compounds targeting the lymphocyte α4β1 and α4β7 integrins have indications in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. New antibodies and small molecules targeting β7 integrins (α4β7 and αEβ7 integrins) and their ligands are in clinical development for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Integrin-based therapeutics have shown clinically significant benefits in many patients, leading to continued medical interest in the further development of novel integrin inhibitors. Of note, almost all integrin antagonists in use or in late-stage clinical trials target either the ligand-binding site or the ligand itself.
Kumaraswamy Lindley-Poisson Distribution: Theory and Applications

The Kumaraswamy Lindley-Poisson (KLP) distribution which is an extension of the Lindley-Poisson Distribution [21] is introduced and its properties are explored. This new distribution represents a more ﬂexible model for the lifetime data. Some statistical properties of the proposed distribution including the shapes of the density and hazard rate functions are explored. Moments, entropy measures and the distribution of the order statistics are given. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the model parameters and a simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates. Finally some applications of the model with real data sets are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed distribution.
Life History and Damage of the Pine Root Tip Weevil, Hylobius rhizophagus, in Wisconsin

H. rhizophagus Millers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the factors contributing to pine plantation deterioration. The weevil was found in the central and northwestern counties of Wisconsin and in parts of Michigan, where it poses a threat to all low-vigor plantations of jack pine, Pinns banksiana Lamb. While jack pine is the preferred host of the weevil, red pine, P. resinosa Ait.; Scotch pine, P. sylvestris L.; and eastern white pine, P. strobus L., are damaged when grown adjacent to jack pine. The weevil overwinters in larval and adult stages. Adults emerge from hibernation in late April to feed and mate. Eggs are laid in the soil in July near root tips and on primary lateral roots, and they hatch in late June and early July. Larvae feed in the roots until soil temperatures fall below 11°C and resume feeding when temperatures rise above 11°C. Pupation occurs from late June into August. Transformation to the adult occurs in late July through August. New adults feed until the onset of temperatures below 11°C. Adults overwinter twice and larvae once. Numbers of weevils on jack pine root systems ranged from 1 to 29, with an average of 7.2/tree. Natural control of the weevil was slight; only 1 predator, larvae of an elaterid beetle, Melanotus sp., was found feeding on the weevil larvae in the roots.
Measurement of brain activations to examine gender-specific risk decision making using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

We utilized fNIRS to examine gender differences in brain activation at the prefrontal cortex of forty healthy adults while performing the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). It shows promises of fNIRS to study risk decision-making.
Do Some Students Need Special Protection From Research on Sex and Trauma? New Evidence for Young Adult Resilience in “Sensitive Topics” Research

Institutional review boards (IRBs) have expressed concerns that certain individuals or groups, such as participants who are younger, ethnic minorities, or who have certain psychological or personality traits, may be particularly distressed when participating in "sensitive topics" research. This study examined the effects of several demographic and individual difference factors (i.e., age, sex, ethnicity, religiosity, Big Five personality traits, and baseline psychological distress levels) on reactions to participation in sensitive topics research. Participants were 504 undergraduates who completed an extensive battery of either trauma/sex questionnaires or cognitive tests and rated their positive and negative emotional reactions and the perceived benefits and mental costs of participating. They also compared research participation to normal life stressors. Our findings indicated that individual difference and demographic risk factors do not increase participant distress after participating in sex/trauma research over and above that experienced after participating in traditionally minimal-risk cognitive tasks. Participants generally found research participation less distressing than normal life stressors and even enjoyable.
On the mechanism of hyperkalaemia due to hyperosmotic expansion with saline or mannitol.

SUMMARY 1. To investigate the mechanism of the hyperkalaemia that results from hyper­ osmotic infusions of saline or mannitol, nephrectomized dogs received hyperosmotic infusions of sodium chloride or mannitol with various amounts of sodium bicar­ bonate. Pa,co2 was held constant. Body spaces and mean whole-body intracellular hydrogen ion activity [H+]i were measured with tritiated water, Na 3 6Cl, and [14C]5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO). 2. The extracellular hydrogen ion activity after infusion varied, but all animals developed intracellular alkalosis ([H+]i-35 nmol/l, SEM±5, P<O·OOl). There was no net movement of Na+ across cell membranes. There was a significant negative correlation between the changes in extracellular hydrogen ion and that in extra­ cellular potassium concentrations. A greater apparent cellular penetration ofHC0 3 ­ resulted in less net loss ofK+ from cells (r = 0'69, P<O·Ol). 3. The results suggest that the hyperkalaemia secondary to hyperosmolar infusion of saline or mannitol is not due to extracellular acidosis, but cellular dehydration, altered cell metabolism or altered cell-membrane function may contribute to the leak of K + from cells in these circumstances.
Adsorption behavior and reduction of copper (II) acetate on the surface of detonation nanodiamond with well defined surface chemistry

Abstract We report a novel wet chemistry route to metal coated nanodiamond particles. The technique includes adsorption of copper (II) acetate followed by reduction with hydrazine. To understand factors influencing the adsorption of the copper salt, nanodiamonds with different and well defined chemistries have been synthesized. The interaction of copper ions with NDs was studied by means of adsorption isotherms revealing different behavior depending on nanodiamond surface chemistry. Reduction of copper ions adsorbed on nanodiamond yields nanodiamond particles encapsulated into copper shells (ND@Cu). Using this technique, we can achieve up to 7.5 wt% of metallic copper on the nanodiamond surface, which is 3 times higher than reported so far. Synthesized copper coated nanodiamond particles will be used as a convenient nanofiller to reinforce copper and other metals with nanodiamond.
Effects of Very High Frame Rate Display in Narrative CGI Animation

Screen resolution of digital images and digital displays has increased steadily over the last several decades, but there has been comparatively little interest in a parallel increase in temporal resolution, or frame rate. Several groups are experimenting with High Frame Rate (HFR) for live-action cinema, but they do not address the issue with respect to synthetic images (CGI) in animation, nor do they take advantage of the repeatability of synthetic image sequences to study visual differentiation of HFR sequences run at different frame rates. This study is concerned with analyzing animated motion pictures that are created and viewed at very high frame rates, 120 frames-per-second (fps) and higher. To explore these issues we employ high frequency procedural motion data to create repeatable animated sequences at different frame rates while maintaining exact control over action and point of view as well as over techniques of photorealism such as motion blur and camera shutter effects. Holding these factors constant allows us to better understand how the same cinematic narrative is perceived at different frame rates. Our work in this area is just beginning. This paper will reflect our preliminary findings and set a course for our future work in this area.
The Effect of Labeling on Mitigating Cognitive Biases about Food Irradiation: An Empirical Evaluation of Effects on Consumers’ Attitudes and Purchase Intent

People who contract foodborne illness can become sick, hospitalized, and can even die. Food irradiation is a proven technology that can eradicate 99% of foodborne illness sources. With expected growth in irradiation-treated foods, consumers’ attitude toward and willingness to purchase irradiated foods is important. Health risk communication acknowledges that inherent cognitive biases lead consumers to make inaccurate benefit and risk assessments. This research explores consumers’ beliefs, attitudes and intentions toward consuming irradiation-treated foods by investigating the effect of alternative product labels, each designed to communicate the benefits and risks of such treatment. The findings extend the extant literature on consumer acceptance of food technology and provide insight for organizations to better educate retailers and consumers.
A Brief Measure of Children's Behavior Problems: The Behavior Rating Index for Children.

This article reports the evaluation of the Behavior Rating Index for Children, a 13-item summated category partition scale that provides a prothetic measure of children's behavior problems.
Hierarchical Inference in Large Scale Systems

Abstract Often there exists one or more information items believed relevant but not fully definitive to allow error free diagnosis of the state of the environment. The process of extracting the (maximum amount of) information concerning the state of the environment and the effect of various decisions or actions is called inference. Bayes' theorem yields an optimum procedure for the sequential aggregation of information across the independent samples of information for cases in which it is possible to identify a mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of hypotheses about the state of the environment. An investigation of the use of state variable concepts for sequential inference analysis with dependent multicue information in possible nonstationary, that is changing over time, environments is described. The central object of the research is to develop extensions to the theory of hierarchical inference in large scale decentralized systems that will allow better use of inference analysis in operational planning and decision support settings. To these ends, the concluding section of this paper describes a possible use of hierarchical inference structures as structured protocols for communication, command, and control system design. These protocols allow identification of various forms of cognitive bias, and appropriate debiasing procedures, in the formulation, analysis, and interpretation of various information and judgment inputs to decision making.
Microbial melanins for radioprotection and bioremediation

Microbial melanins provide a biocompatible and scalable approach for bioremediation and radioprotection technologies due to their physicochemical properties.
Does Market Reward Diversity? The Impact of Board Gender Composition on Analyst Evaluation

Current theories tend to focus on the consequences of board diversity only inside the boardroom. Departing from this conventional approach, this study argues that board diversity also serves as a m...
In-depth proteomic analysis of boar spermatozoa through shotgun and gel-based methods

Mature spermatozoa contain numerous epididymal and seminal plasma proteins, which full identification through high-throughput technologies may allow for a better understanding of the sperm biology. Therefore, we conducted a global proteomic analysis of boar spermatozoa through shotgun and gel-based methodologies. The total proteins were extracted from mature spermatozoa and subjecsted to proteome analyses. Functional analyses of gene ontology representations and pathway enrichments were conducted on the shotgun dataset, followed by immunology and gene expression validations. Shotgun and gel-based approaches allowed the detection of 2728 proteins and 2123 spots, respectively. Approximately 38% and 59% of total proteins were respectively fully and partially annotated, and 3% were unknown. Gene ontology analysis indicated high proportions of proteins associated with intracellular and cytoplasm localizations, protein and nucleic acid binding, hydrolase and transferase activities, and cellular, metabolic, and regulation of biological processes. Proteins associated with phosphorylation processes and mitochondrial membranes, nucleic acid binding, and phosphate and phosphorous metabolics represented 77% of the dataset. Pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation, citrate cycle, and extra-cellular matrix-receptor interaction were significantly enriched. Protein complex, intracellular organelle, cytoskeletal parts, fertilization and reproduction, and gap junction pathway were significantly enriched within the top 116 highly abundant proteins. Nine randomly selected protein candidates were confirmed with gel-based identification, immunofluorescence detection, and mRNA expression. This study offers an in-depth proteomic mapping of mature boar spermatozoa that will enable comparative and discovery research for the improvement of male fertility.
Teaching Remedies as a Capstone Course

The debate about the divide between the legal academy and the legal profession is perennial and, in times of economic stress, of increasing urgency. Historically, law school critics have portrayed law professors as living their lives, and teaching their classes, from “ivory towers” that are divorced from the day-to-day realities of law practice. While law professors might teach students how to read cases and analyze precedent, so the critique went, they did little to teach students how to function like practicing lawyers.
Ganglioside GM1 and its semisynthetic lysogangliosides reduce glutamate neurotoxicity by a novel mechanism.

In the brain interneuronal communications occur at synapses. Synapses are specialized junctions between the presynaptic terminals of the afferent neurons and the receiving part of the postsynaptic neurons: the pre- and postsynaptic components are separated by a space termed a synaptic gap. Nerve impulses reaching the presynaptic terminal release a transmitter which is stored in synaptic vesicles preferentially located in the nerve terminal. The transmitter is released into the synaptic gap and diffuses in this space thereby reaching specific sites that bind the transmitter with high affinity. These transmitter recognition sites are part of a more complex supramolecular structure termed transmitter receptor(s) which are located on the post and presynaptic component of the synaptic junction. There are two structurally and functionally distinct types of transmitter receptors (ionotropic and metabotropic) which differ by the mechanism attending the transduction of the transmitter signals into specific receptor responses. Both transduction mechanisms generate a metabolic event of high functional significance for the receiving neuron. When metabotropic receptors (Fig. 1) are activated by the transmitter, the catalytic activity of specific enzymes which are coupled to the receptor increases. Upon binding of the transmitter, greater amounts of the products of the receptor-linked enzyme (second messenger) are produced inside the receiving neuron. This messenger diffuses into accessible intraneuronal metabolic compartments of the receiving neuron thereby activating a specific key enzyme (often a protein kinase) which triggers a cascade of metabolic events.
Prevalence and Economic Burden of Venous Thromboembolism After Total Hip Arthroplasty or Total Knee Arthroplasty

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication following total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty and can lead to morbidity and mortality, as well as considerable healthcare costs. However, the incidence of VTE can be greatly minimized with effective thromboprophylaxis administered for the appropriate period of time. While guidelines exist to assist clinicians in determining what type of thromboprophylaxis should be prescribed and for how long, those guidelines are frequently not followed. Prevention of VTE would improve patient outcomes and result in substantial savings to payers and providers.
Algorithmic analysis of multithreaded algorithms

Cilk is a parallel programming language that allows programmers to write multithreaded parallel programs that use computational resources predictably and efficiently. The Cilk language allows programmers to specify the interactions among computational threads in a high-level fashion, and then Cilk's runtime system maps the computation onto available physical resources dynamically in a provably efficient fashion. The performance of a Cilk program is mathematically guaranteed to scale up linearly with the number of processors, as long as the application has sufficient parallelism and the architecture sufficient communication bandwidth. Moreover, Cilk is efficient: a parallel Cilk program “scales down” to run on a single processor with nearly the same efficiency as comparable C code, thereby removing a major barrier to parallel programming.
A family of falsehoods: Deception, media hoaxes and fake news

“Fake news” became a concern for journalists in 2017 as news organizations sought to differentiate themselves from false information spread via social media, websites and public officials. This ess...
Electrical properties of the ordered oxygen-deficient perovskite Ca2Fe0.5Ga1.5O5

Ca2Fe0.5Ga1.5O5 is an oxygen-deficient perovskite, where the defects generated due to oxygen-deficiency are distributed in an ordered fashion. Neutron diffraction experiments indicate that the defect-order results in the formation of alternating (Ga)O4 tetrahedral and (FeGa)O6 octahedral units, forming the so-called brownmillerite-type structure. This material represents the highest degree of Ga-doping in the brownmillerite compound Ca2Fe2O5, which can be achieved using solid-state synthesis method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with iodometric titration was employed to determine the Fe oxidation state and the oxygen-content in Ca2Fe0.5Ga1.5O5. The XPS studies show that Fe is predominantly in trivalent state, and the iodometric titrations indicate that the oxygen stoichiometry is 5.07 per formula unit, consistent with primarily trivalent Fe. Variable-temperature electrical conductivity studies of Ca2Fe0.5Ga1.5O5 have been performed in a wide temperature range, 25–800 °C, indicating semiconducting behavior and significant contribution of ionic conductivity to total conductivity of this material.
Investigating spotlight internals to extract metadata

Abstract Index based desktop search tools have become the primary means for finding files or launching applications on desktop computer systems. Every major operating system ships with one. Spotlight is the default desktop search app on macOS (formerly OSX) that searches files based on metadata and content. This paper explores the format of the spotlight metadata cache database and opens up another avenue of data previously unavailable to a forensic investigator. With the format now available, and a script to explore and read this database, it is now possible to investigate spotlight metadata on any platform.
Developing a videogame for learning signal processing and project management using project-oriented learning in ICT engineering degrees

Abstract This work describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a multi-subject learning experience based on the principles of Constructionism, in which the construction of a videogame is the learning artifact that engages students in four different technical and management subjects included in the ICT engineering degree curricula of the School of Engineering at La Salle – Universitat Ramon Lull. Working in groups in a simulated corporate scenario, students learnt the basics of emergent technologies such as 3D audio, computer vision or speech recognition, while developing soft skills like negotiation or work planning. As regards the evaluation of the academic results, the proposed methodology made attendance rate rise from around 50% to over 90%, and average pass rate from 72% to 93%. Moreover, to capture their short and long-term view of the learning experience, students answered two opinion surveys along time: the first on completion of the project, and a second one 3–5 years after completing their graduate studies, with all of them integrated in the labor market. The analysis of these surveys reveals that over 85% of students showed a high degree of satisfaction, and an overwhelming preference for the new methodology over classic learning methodologies.
Conceptions of Disability: Toward a Sociopolitical Orientation to Disability for Art Education

People experiencing disabilities are gaining recognition as members of a minority group deserving equal protection under the law. With this recognition comes a changing perception of disability as a condition not inherent in people, but characteristic of the potential impact of human-made environments on people. This article explores a sociopolitical theory upon which this shift is founded. The evolution of this shift in art education is explored. Recommendations for art education research and practice with a sociopolitical orientation to disability are discussed.
Quick assessment with controlled attenuation parameter for hepatic steatosis in children based on MRI-PDFF as the gold standard

Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a recently introduced, non-invasive and quantitative method to evaluate hepatic steatosis demonstrated in adults, but limited in obesity and not well evaluated in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance for assessing hepatic steatosis grades using CAP in children based on MR proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Children evaluated for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who were assessed for PDFF and CAP were enrolled retrospectively. Hepatic steatosis grades 0–3 were classified according to PDFF using cutoff values of 6, 17.5, and 23.3%. Subgroup analyses were performed in non-obese and obese groups using the 95th percentile body mass index (BMI) as a cutoff and BMI30 group when BMI > 30 kg/m2. Pearson’s correlations between variables were also analyzed. In a total of 86 children, there were 53 in the obese group including 17 of the BMI30 group. CAP demonstrated 98.7% sensitivity and 80% specificity for diagnosing grades 1–3 vs. grade 0 using a cutoff value of 241 dB/m (area under the curve = 0.941, p 30 kg/m2.
A phase I clinical trial using armored GPC3 CAR T cells for children with relapsed/refractory liver tumors.

TPS2647Background: CAR T therapies have been successful against hematologic malignancies, but have benefited only a handful of patients with solid cancers. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is an attractive immuno...
Molecular mass growth through ring expansion in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via radical-radical reactions

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent key molecular building blocks leading to carbonaceous nanoparticles identified in combustion systems and extraterrestrial environments. However, the understanding of their formation and growth in these high temperature environments has remained elusive. We present a mechanism through laboratory experiments and computations revealing how the prototype PAH-naphthalene-can be efficiently formed via a rapid 1-indenyl radical-methyl radical reaction. This versatile route converts five- to six-membered rings and provides a detailed view of high temperature mass growth processes that can eventually lead to graphene-type PAHs and two-dimensional nanostructures providing a radical new view about the transformations of carbon in our universe.
Reactions to Dream Content: Continuity and Non-continuity.

Although dream content may at times be quite outlandish or illogical, the dreamer’s reactions to these events are not outlandish or illogical. Our study shows that the dreamer’s reaction to people and events are similar to what they would have been in wake life. There is continuity between the reactions of the dream and wake-self, even though situations my arise that aren't likely or possible in wake life. For example, a dream may include people and places that span different times that are weaved together as if they were occurring in the moment. Further, the behavior of the dream-self is often different than that of the wake-self. When this happens there is a non-continuity between the behavior of the dream and wake-self. Thus, there is both continuity and non-continuity between the dream and wake-self. Continuity in reactions and non-continuity in the kinds of situations and behaviors occurring while dreaming. This affords the dream-self with novel experiences that elicit reactions that are similar to how its wake-self would react.
Object-oriented space physics: nifty assignment

To teach object-oriented concepts in Java during CS1, I use a matched pair of short, guided assignments emphasizing the application of computers to the n-body problem and particularly to space navigation. This has the advantage of not only teaching object-oriented concepts, but also seeing an application of computers to scientific simulation and reviewing some basic physics. Both assignments display the simulation graphically. Though the assignments were designed for a curriculum using the ACM Java Task Force's API, the assignments themselves have little direct dependence on this API; it was little trouble to port the assignments so that they use Swing alone. The full assignment description and supporting code are at http://www.ccsc-ms.org/nifty/10/bur/.
Highly multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq by DNA oligonucleotide tagging of cellular proteins

We describe a universal sample multiplexing method for single-cell RNA sequencing in which fixed cells are chemically labeled by attaching identifying DNA oligonucleotides to cellular proteins. Analysis of a 96-plex perturbation experiment revealed changes in cell population structure and transcriptional states that cannot be discerned from bulk measurements, establishing an efficient method for surveying cell populations from large experiments or clinical samples with the depth and resolution of single-cell RNA sequencing.
Evidence and guidelines for trauma-informed doula care.

Abstract Objective Trauma and trauma-related health conditions are common during pregnancy, but there is little evidence and guidance on how doulas (trained lay birth assistants) can provide trauma-informed care. The purpose of this narrative review is to critique and synthesize the existing evidence for trauma-informed doula care and to offer guidelines for practice. Design We conducted a narrative review of existing evidence in the peer-reviewed and gray literatures on trauma-informed care in maternity and perinatal settings including doula training curricula and community-based doula guidelines on trauma-informed doula care. Materials were analyzed for relevant data on trauma and pregnancy, evidence-based approaches for trauma-informed doula and perinatal care, and strengths/weaknesses of the evidence including research design, gaps in the evidence base, and populations included. Setting This narrative review focuses on trauma-informed doula care in the United States, although the evidence and guidelines provided are likely applicable in other settings. Key conclusions To be trauma-informed, doulas must first realize the scope and impact of trauma on pregnancy including possible ways to recovery; then recognize signs and symptoms of trauma during pregnancy; be ready to respond by integrating evidence and sensitivity into all doula training and practices; and always resist re-traumatization. Trauma-informed doula care also centers on these 6 principles: safety; trustworthiness and transparency; peer support with other survivors; collaboration and mutuality; resilience, empowerment, voice, and choice; and social, cultural, and historical considerations. In practice, this includes universal trauma-informed doula care offered to all clients, trauma-targeted care that can be offered specifically to clients who are identified as trauma survivors, and connection to trauma specialist services.
Overlap Between Carbon Stores and Intact Boreal Woodland Caribou Ranges in Canada's Boreal Forest

Abstract Canada, like many nations around the world, is struggling to find solutions to both climate change impacts and biodiversity loss. Given the enormity of these problems, opportunities to align government policy responses are highly appealing. In Canada's Boreal Forest biome there is a compelling case that conservation designations of large landscapes can help slow biodiversity losses, including of iconic threatened species like boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), while increasing the likelihood that massive stores of carbon in those landscapes will remain there. The Boreal Forest biome of Canada is estimated to hold a minimum of 208 billion tons of carbon. Only 11% of the total carbon stored in soils and vegetation in Canada is now within existing protected areas. At least 69 billion tons of carbon are stored in unprotected intact landscapes that support woodland caribou.
Position of the Posteromedial Ankle Structures in Patients Indicated for Total Ankle Replacement

Background:The posteromedial ankle structures are at risk during total ankle replacement (TAR). The purpose of our study was to investigate the distance of these structures from the posterior corte...
R-peak Detection Using a Hybrid of Gaussian and Threshold Sensitivity

We present an enhanced R-peak detection technique that incorporates both waveform shape recognition and threshold sensitivity enhancement. Waveform shape recognition was achieved with signal processing and Gaussian curve parameterization; threshold sensitivity was accomplished with the famous Pan-Tompkins algorithm. We tested all 48 records in MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database to validate the proposed method. Our method achieved 97.41% sensitivity against a tolerance window of 10% averaged R-R interval, which improves the current state-of-the-art Pan-Tompkins algorithm by 1%. More importantly, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms the Pan-Tompkins' algorithm in 81% of the records in MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.Clinical relevance: High sensitivity R-peak detection is substantial in various cardiovascular disease diagnosis
The polyethylene on bone articulation, as occurs with scapular notching, is associated with osteolytic potential

Abstract Introduction Scapular notching is a common finding following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Severe notching can extend beyond the inferior baseplate screw or post and is therefore unlikely to be the result of isolated mechanical impingement. It is highly likely that the cause of this bone loss is biologically mediated osteolysis, but the driver of this osteolysis is unknown. We completed in vitro polyethylene on bone wear testing, as occurs with scapular notching, to characterize the osteolytic potential of this articulation. Methods Physiologically relevant wear testing was performed with 18 polyethylene pins articulating against cortical bone, cancellous bone, and cobalt-chrome pucks. Pins were cycled up to 1,000,000 times, or until failure, and incremental material loss was determined to calculate polyethylene and bone wear rates. Polyethylene particles were extracted from the associated lubricant and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. To validate the model, wear patterns on polyethylene pins were compared to those on 24 explanted reverse prostheses. Results Polyethylene wear rates were significantly higher on cortical bone (3.5-times, P = .040) and cancellous bone (10,700-times, P = .015) than on cobalt-chrome. Cortical bone wear rates decreased over time (P = .003). Electron microscopy demonstrated that polyethylene on cortical and cancellous bone both produced submicron polyethylene particles, the size necessary to induce biologically mediated osteolysis. Analysis of explanted reverse polyethylene components with impingement demonstrated similar wear patterns to what was seen in vitro. Conclusion The polyethylene on bone articulation, as occurs with scapula notching, has potential to be an osteolytic driver as it is marked by high polyethylene wear rates and produces particles small enough to cause macrophage-mediated osteolysis, as has been demonstrated following total hip arthroplasty. Level of evidence Basic Science Study
An improved Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometer to characterize weakly rate-thickening fluids: Applications in synthetic automotive oils

Abstract We describe a customized Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometer (CaBER) with improved dynamic performance and added features for temperature control over the range from room temperature up to 250 °C. The system is aimed at characterizing the extensional rheological behavior of weakly rate-thickening fluids that are widely utilized in the automotive industry. We examine the shear rheology and filament-thinning dynamics of two commercially available automotive fluids with the same viscosity index. Comparisons of the rheological properties of the two samples reveal that although they have identical shear viscosities, they exhibit significant and distinct rate-thickening behavior in the strong extensional flow that is generated close to filament breakup. For the more elastic sample, the exponential filament-thinning dynamics are well-described by the Oldroyd-B model; however, this viscoelastic model poorly describes the response of the more weakly rate-thickening fluid. To address this limitation, we propose a simple Inelastic Rate-Thickening (IRT) model that more robustly describes the measured material response. The two constitutive parameters of the model represent the zero-shear-rate viscosity of the fluid and the rate of extensional thickening in the fluid. Numerical calculations with the IRT model show that the radii of thinning fluid filaments deviate from a linear decay in time and approach a quadratic dependence very close to breakup. By carefully fitting the measured temporal evolution of the mid-plane radius we can therefore systematically differentiate the extensional rheological response of the two oils. More generally, we show that the weakly rate-thickening regime can be distinguished from the well-known elasto-capillary response predicted by the Oldroyd-B model, via a constraint on the relaxation time (or more specifically the elasto-capillary number) of the fluid. The weakly rate-thickening behavior documented in these oils is representative of the relatively unstudied extensional rheology of many industrial fluids at large extensional strain rates (100–1000 s-1) and influences many complex industrial processes such as jetting, coating and stamping.
The Physiologic Response to COVID-19 Vaccination

Two mRNA vaccines and one adenovirus-based vaccine against SARS CoV-2 are currently being distributed at scale in the United States. Objective evidence of a specific individual's physiologic response to that vaccine are not routinely tracked but may offer insights into the acute immune response and personal and/or vaccine characteristics associated with that. We explored this possibility using a smartphone app-based research platform developed early in the pandemic that enabled volunteers (38,911 individuals between 25 March 2020 and 4 April 2021) to share their smartwatch and activity tracker data, as well as self-report, when appropriate, any symptoms, COVID-19 test results and vaccination dates and type. Of 4,110 individuals who reported at least one mRNA vaccination dose, 3,312 provided adequate resting heart rate data from the peri-vaccine period for analysis. We found changes in resting heart rate with respect to an individual baseline increased the days after vaccination, peaked on day 2, and returned to normal on day 6, with a much stronger effect after second dose with respect to first dose (average changes 1.6 versus 0.5 beats per minute). The changes were more pronounced for individuals who received the Moderna vaccine (on both doses), those who previously tested positive to COVID-19 (on dose 1), and for individuals aged <40 years, after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Taking advantage of continuous passive data from personal sensors could potentially enable the identification of a digital fingerprint of inflammation, which might prove useful as a surrogate for vaccine-induced immune response.
Honoring liminality: teaching critical and race-gendered approaches in doctoral social work education

This theoretical paper adds to the scholarship of teaching and learning, by explicating the shared experiences of one doctoral student and two full-time faculty members related to liminality as a g...