cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the eddy dispersion term in chromatographic columns. II. Application to new prototypes of 2.3 and 3.2 mm I.D. monolithic silica columns

The mass transfer mechanisms in silica monolithic columns of the second generation were investigated, using four research samples (two 2.3 mm × 50 mm and two 3.2 mm × 50 mm silica rods) provided by their manufacturer. The heights equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) of these columns were measured in a range of mobile phase velocities, following a meticulous experimental protocol. The coefficients of the van Deemter equation (longitudinal diffusion term B/u(S), skeleton/eluent mass transfer resistance term Cu(S), and eddy diffusion term A) were determined. The protocol includes using the peak parking method (to determine the longitudinal diffusion term), an accurate model of effective diffusion in silica monolithic structures (to determine the skeleton/eluent mass transfer resistance term), and an accurate method to measure the column HETP and determine the eddy diffusion term. The results show that the minimum plate heights of these new monolithic columns ranges between 4 and 5 μm, three to four times lower than those observed for monolithic columns of the first generation. A detailed analysis of the eddy diffusion term demonstrates that this improvement in column efficiency is partly explained by the reduction of the domain size (the sum of the skeleton and throughpore sizes, -40%) but mostly by an increase of the radial homogeneity of the monolithic rods. The columns of this second generation exhibit residual trans-column relative velocity biases as low a 1.4% (instead of 3% for previous columns), a value which is comparable to those observed in 4.6mm I.D. columns packed with sub-3 μm core-shell particles, with which they might become competitive.
Distribution of cellular repopulation and collagen synthesis in a canine anterior cruciate ligament autograft.

Whether the central core of an anterior cruciate ligament autograft reconstruction is nutritionally compromised at a time when revascularization is known to be complete has not been determined by methods that detect matrix synthesis. In a canine model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft, the adequacy of the supply of metabolites for cellular matrix synthesis was determined by autoradiographic analysis. Total collagen synthesis and cellularity were also quantified. Total collagen synthesis was found to be significantly elevated (p = 0.014 by analysis of variance) in the ligament reconstructions as compared with normal anterior cruciate ligaments or patellar tendons, but cellularity was not (p = 0.13 by analysis of variance). Autoradiography demonstrated even distribution of [3H]proline incorporation throughout the graft and normal tissue. When revascularization was complete, there was an adequate supply of metabolites for cellular synthesis of protein macromolecules within all regions of the ligament reconstruction. At 3 months after reconstruction, the grafts were found to be actively remodeling their collagen matrix. Since the long-term function of an anterior cruciate ligament autograft is dependent on viable fibroblasts to maintain the collagen matrix, the canine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction contains living cells that are able to remodel the matrix under appropriate conditions.
Environmental and hormonal influences on urine marking behavior in the adult male dog

When adult male dogs were placed in pens previously occupied by other dogs, a mean of 24.6 urine marks were deposited in the first 2 hrs; marking frequency was then reduced to about two to five marks per 2 hr over the remainder of the day and on subsequent days. A high rate of marking behavior was again observed when subjects were placed in a special marking pen for 5 min. These observations demonstrate some similarities between urine marking in male dogs and scent marking in males of some rodent species. Following castration no quantitative changes in urine marking in the special marking pen were evident after 5 mo of postcastration testing even though a decline in mating behavior occurred within 2 mo. This contrasts with the rather prompt reduction in scent marking in male rodents following castration.
Creating a Continuously Updated Animated KML Loop with a PHP Mashup

Google Earth (GE) can display timestamped features sequentially to create an animation on its interactive globe. The GE TimeSpan capability has been utilized to show a variety of imagery such as historical maps, or before/during/after imagery of remotely sensed landscapes for easy comparison of changes due to a particular event such as flooding. The period between such events can be minutes, days, or even years, and possibly be available at irregular user-specified intervals. As such, TimeSpan is well-suited to properly display imagery that can be georeferenced, encoded into a Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file, and timestamped for sequential viewing. For imagery that is available at regular intervals, an automated process can be employed to create a continuously updated KML file. Here I describe such a process, a mashup that generates a loop of national weather radar imagery for viewing on Google Earth.
The Physiology of Platelet Production

The production of platelets from the bone marrow megakaryocytes is a well-regulated process. Nearly 100 years ago, James Homer Wright described how platelets formed from megakaryocytes and entered the circulation. Subsequent clinical and animal studies have enumerated a number of principles of platelet physiology: the platelet count is constant in any one individual but varies greatly between individuals; an inverse relationship exists between the platelet count and platelet size; the body conserves the mass, not the number, of platelets; and megakaryocyte number, size and ploidy vary in response to changing demands for platelets. With the discovery of thrombopoietin (TPO), a number of additional physiological principles have emerged: TPO takes 24 h to rise maximally and has a maximal half-life of 45 min; TPO levels are inversely and exponentially proportional to the platelet mass; platelets bind and clear TPO from the circulation; and hepatic TPO product on is not altered by changes in the platelet mass. Using these principles, a model for the regulation of platelet production by TPO has been proposed in which the constitutive hepatic TPO produced is removed from the circulation by the platelet mass. Changes in the platelet mass or its ability to clear TPO produce changes in TPO levels resulting in an altered platelet production rate. Using this model, a number of pathological disorders of platelet production, such as essential thrombocythemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, are analyzed.
IR peer, a newly developed peer review scoring system designed for interventional radiology practice

Purpose Peer review systems have been used for years in medical, paramedical and diagnostic radiology fields to promote patient safety and healthcare outcomes, but no dedicated peer review system has been developed specifically for Interventional Radiology (IR) practice. We introduce here ‘IR Peer’, a novel peer review system designed to address the specificities of IR activity, usable as a primary or complementary quality assurance tool. Materials and Methods IRB-waived retrospective review of a prospectively encoded pilot database aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of IR Peer in a multi-physicians practice. This scoring system uses peer review during morning rounds of selected IR cases from prior days, a 5-items questionnaire and an ordinal answer scale that grades reviewers’ agreement with imaging findings, procedural/technical management, early outcomes and follow-up plan. Patient lists from IR Peer and from MandM Conferences were compared to evaluate the amount of overlap and capability of IR Peer to help detecting adverse events. Results 417 consecutive reviews of IR Attendings’ cases by their peers were performed in 163 consecutive patients over 18 months. 94% of cases were reviewed by 2 or 3 IR Attendings. Each question was answered 99-100% of the time. Participation rate improved significantly over time, currently 3.2% over the last semester. Answers showed disagreement in 10% of cases (2% by a single reviewer, 8% by several reviewers). Most disagreements related to procedural technique (24% disagreements vs. 3-5% in other four questions). Although IR Peer alone is an imperfect tool to detect complications (it failed to find 89% of cases discussed at MandM), it could still capture many more (11%) adverse events than its alternative (i.e., not doing IR Peer: 1.7% adverse events found; p Conclusion IR Peer is feasible, relevant, and easy to implement in a multi-physician IR practice. When used along with other QA processes, it might help detecting adverse events for MandM Conferences; the latter will require further confirmatory research.
Curvelet transform with adaptive tiling

The curvelet transform is a recently introduced non-adaptive multi-scale transform that have gained popularity in the image processing field. In this paper, we study the effect of customized tiling of frequency content in the curvelet transform. Specifically, we investigate the effect of the size of the coarsest level and its relationship to denoising performance. Based on the observed behavior, we introduce an algorithm to automatically choose the optimal number of decompositions. Its performance shows a clear advantage, in denoising applications, when compared to default curvelet decomposition. We also examine how denoising is affected by varying the number of divisions per scale.
Clinical Toxicoses of Domestic Rabbits

Toxicoses are an uncommon presentation to rabbit practitioners; however, veterinarians who accept rabbits as patients should be familiar with the basic concepts of toxicosis management and the specific syndromes associated with clinical toxicoses. The objective of this article is to present clinically relevant information for veterinarians presented with rabbits exhibiting characteristic signs of toxicosis. In addition, specific mention is made to the most common clinical toxicoses, including lead, chemicals, rodenticides, aflatoxins, and poisonous plants.
Desire, Death and Goodness: The Conflict of Ultimate Values in Theravada Buddhism

In this provocative study of a very early Buddhist text (the Atthakavagga) and two Theravada commentaries on it, Grace G. Burford highlights the significant differences between the Atthakavagga teaching concerning the ideal goal and the orthodox Theravada understanding of that summum bonum. Guiding the reader through a careful examination of these texts, Dr. Burford argues that - in contrast to the consistent and coherent value system of the Atthakavagga - the normative Theravada value system is split by the inclusion of metaphysical factors in the description of the ultimate goal.
Enhanced anaerobic biotransformation of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of reduced iron oxides.

Rates of anaerobic transformation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by the facultative anaerobe Shewanella putrefaciens 200 were increased by the presence of Fe(III)-containing minerals. In batch reactors with amorphous, Fe(III)-hydroxide and S. putrefaciens, CT transformation rates could be modeled by a first-order expression in which the pseudo-first-order rate constant was linearly proportional to the initial concentration of Fe(III)-oxide. Subsequent measurement of soluble and acid-extractable Fe(II) showed that increased CT transformation rates were proportional to microbially reduced, surface-bound Fe(II), rather than soluble Fe(II). In biomimetic experiments using 20 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reductant, rates of transformation of CT by DTT were low in the absence of Fe(III)-oxides. However, in the presence of iron oxides, DTT was able to transform CT at elevated rates. Results again strongly suggested that surface-bound Fe(II) was primarily responsible for the reductive transformation of CT. Results suggested that the surface area of the iron mineral determines the rate of CT transformation by affecting the extent of iron reduction. Chloroform (CF) was the only transformation product identified and production of CF was nonstoichiometric. In microbial and abiotic experiments with Fe(III) oxides, the percentage of the transformed CT recovered as CF decreased even though the rate and extent of CT transformation was increased. Overall, our results have important implications for an improved understanding of possible microbial and geochemical interactions in the environmental transformation of chlorinated organic pollutants and for modeling of CT transformation rates in anaerobic, iron-bearing sediments.
A SIMPLICIAL 4-ARRANGEMENT OF 33 HYPERPLANES

We show in this paper that the projective d-arrangement ℭd formed by the facet hyperplanes of a cross-polytope, its hyperplanes of mirror symmetry, and the hyperplane at infinity is simplicial precisely for d≤4.
“Equal Time” and “Equal Voice”

ABSTRACT This paper outlines the development, implementation, and qualitative and quantitative evaluations of a foundation research course structured to give “equal time” and “equal voice” to both qualitative and quantitative research content. Assessment of this integrative approach suggested that students' gain in qualitative research knowledge was strongly correlated with their gain in quantitative research knowledge (r = .653, p > .0005), and some students believed “I am better able to evaluate my practice” as a result of taking this course.
Increasing oxidative stress with molsidomine increases blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats but not normotensive controls

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a higher level of oxidative stress and exhibit a greater depressor response to a superoxide scavenger, tempol, than normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). This study determined whether an increase in oxidative stress with a superoxide/NO donor, molsidomine, would amplify the blood pressure in SHR. Male SHR and WKY were given molsidomine (30 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) or vehicle (0.01% ethanol) for 1 wk, and blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, nitrate and nitrite excretion (NOx), renal superoxide production, and expression of renal antioxidant enzymes, Mn- and Cu,Zn-SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured. Renal superoxide and NOx were higher in control SHR than in WKY. Molsidomine increased superoxide by approximately 35% and NOx by 250% in both SHR and WKY. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was also higher in control SHR than WKY. Molsidomine increased MAP by 14% and caused renal vasoconstriction in SHR but reduced MAP by 16%, with no effect on renal hemodynamics, in WKY. Renal expression of Mn- and Cu,Zn-SOD was not different between SHR and WKY, but expression of catalase and GPx were approximately 30% lower in kidney of SHR than WKY. The levels of Mn- and Cu,Zn-SOD were not increased with molsidomine in either WKY or SHR. Renal catalase and GPx expression was increased by 300-400% with molsidomine in WKY, but there was no effect in SHR. Increasing oxidative stress elevated blood pressure further in SHR but not WKY. WKY are likely protected because of higher bioavailable levels of NO and the ability to upregulate catalase and GPx.
Translated trauma, translated lives: Hungarian women Holocaust survivors in emigration

This study is part of a larger project to integrate into Holocaust discourses the voices of women survivors, which can provide valuable insights both for Holocaust studies and gender studies. I first briefly review some of the main issues relating to the need to study female Holocaust (life) writing, in order to offer a theoretical frame for the main focus of my study: a historical introduction to “literaried” testimonies of some two dozen Hungarian emigrant women, written over a span of over half a century. I will be highlighting translation and gender issues, as well as the variety of narrative techniques the authors utilize. None of the women I study published in Hungarian, even as in some cases they had original contemporary diaries or earlier drafts in that language. Hence, the first part of my title means to focus on the additional complicating issues of self translation of traumatic events by survivors who live in emigration.
Is prophylactic atropine necessary during ketamine sedation in children

Aim To quantify clinically significant hypersalivation and other adverse events requiring intervention, with and without the use of atropine during ketamine use, using a consensus-based, standardised terminology. Methods This was a retrospective study based on paediatric patients who received ketamine for procedures done at the children's emergency department from July 2010 to September 2010. Patients who were given atropine were compared with patients who were not given atropine with regard to clinically significant hypersalivation. All other side effects of ketamine (airway, respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and gastrointestinal side effects) were documented. Results Two out of the 164 (1.2%) patients who received atropine and 1 out of the 119 (0.8%) patients who did not receive atropine had desaturation (odds ratio (OR) 1.5; 95% CI 0.1–16.3). These three patients were all under 5 years old (P = 0.3) and had airway malalignment requiring repositioning. None had hypersalivation requiring intervention. Two out of 164 (1.2%) who received atropine and 3 out of 119 (2.5%) who did not receive atropine had vomiting (OR 0.5; CI 0.1–2.9). One patient who vomited did not receive atropine and was given ondansetron. The others had delayed discharges following a longer period of observation in the unit. Conclusions There was no clinically significant hypersalivation in children given ketamine sedation, with or without the coadministration of atropine. Ketamine is a relatively safe drug for use in children with few intervention-based side effects.
Dissipation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Biosolids Applied to Nonirrigated Farmland in Eastern Colorado

In 2007, a 1.5-year field-scale study was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate the dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) following a first agronomic biosolids application to nonirrigated farmland. CECs with the greatest decrease in concentration in the surface biosolids at 180 days post-application included indole, d-limonene, p-cresol, phenol, and skatol. CECs that were present in the largest concentration in 180-day-weathered biosolids included stanols, nonylphenols, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopenta-benzopyran (HHCB), and triclosan. CECs that were detected in pre-application soil were 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, acetophenone, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, indole, p-cresol, and phenol, most of which are biogenic sterols or fragrances that have natural plant sources in addition to anthropogenic sources, yet their concentrations increased (in some cases, substantially) following biosolids application. Preliminary data indicate the nonylphenols (including NPEO1, NPEO2), OPEO1, benzo[a]pyrene, diethyl phthalate, d-limonene, HHCB, triclosan, and possibly 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, indole, and p-cresol, migrated downward through the soil by 468 days post-application, but indicated little uptake by mature wheat plants. This study indicates that some CECs are sufficiently persistent and mobile to be vertically transported into the soil column following biosolids applications to the land surface, even in semiarid regions.
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part I: Introduction and Cytokines

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are multifactorial and occur in response to inflammation, plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis, progressive mechanical obstruction, and dynamic obstruction.1 Patients with ACS span a large spectrum of risk that progresses from unstable angina (UA) to non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). ECG findings and markers of myocyte necrosis are used to define the type of ACS and guide reperfusion strategy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. For patients with non–ST-elevation (NSTE) ACS, however, a large degree of uncertainty remains regarding long-term risk and optimal secondary prevention for the individual patient. Increasingly, biomarkers are being used as tools to identify subgroups of patients with ACS who are at increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events. Among potential biomarkers, much interest has focused on biomarkers of inflammation. The process that leads to eventual plaque erosion or rupture involves a number of inflammatory mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte migration, extracellular matrix degradation, and platelet activation (Figure).2 The optimal inflammatory biomarker would provide a method for quantitating cardiovascular-specific inflammation, thereby predicting the risk of recurrent atherothrombosis and its clinical sequelae. Because they address a separate aspect of ACS pathophysiology, biomarkers of inflammation may provide unique information to the clinician separate from that provided by biomarkers of myocyte necrosis and hemodynamic stress. Pathophysiological sequence of inflammatory biomarkers in ACS. In this schematic diagram showing the development of an atherosclerotic plaque and the local vascular events that surround an ACS, the inflammatory biomarkers are superimposed with a semiquantitative representation of their relative importance during the sequence of events shown. Cytokines and acute-phase reactants such as IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-18, IL-10, CRP, and serum amyloid A (SAA) may establish or be surrogate markers for basal inflammation that leads to development of atherosclerotic plaque. Activation of endothelial adhesion molecules such as …
Finding the Common Good in an Era of Dysfunctional Governance

The framers designed a constitutional system in which the government would play a vigorous role in securing the liberty and well-being of a large and diverse population. They built a political system around a number of key elements, including debate and deliberation, divided powers competing with one another, regular order in the legislative process, and avenues to limit and punish corruption. America in recent years has struggled to adhere to each of these principles, leading to a crisis of governability and legitimacy. The roots of this problem are twofold. The ½rst is a serious mismatch between our political parties, which have become as polarized and vehemently adversarial as parliamentary parties, and a separation-of-powers governing system that makes it extremely dif½cult for majorities to act. The second is the asymmetric character of the polarization. The Republican Party has become a radical insur- gency-ideologically extreme, scornful of facts and compromise, and dismissive of the legitimacy of its political opposition. Securing the common good in the face of these developments will require structural changes but also an informed and strategically focused citizenry.
AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING REGIONAL LABOR FORCE MIGRATION, 1960-1970*

order to minimize the observing of noneconomically Certain migration patterns observed in the motivated movements and to improve the sampling United States in recent decades have not been validity of the choice of the basic data unit. Percentconsistent with this theory. In particular, levels of age changes in employment were used as basic gross outmigration have shown little, if any, rela- variables for measuring level of change in economic tionship to economic conditions at areas of origin [4, activity between regions because of availability and 5]. This has led to formulation of migration theory reliability. Rates of unemployment were considered which recognizes factors in addition to economic as measures of regional economic activity, but were motives. An important contribution was made by ruled out because they reflect conditions at a point in Everett S. Lee, whose theory explicitly considers the time. Thus, changes in those rates over a 5-year personal characteristics of migrants, as well as risk period may not accurately reflect actual conditions
Understanding interpersonal interaction in an online professional development course

This qualitative case study was designed to examine how interpersonal interaction benefited (and did not benefit) participants in an online professional development course. In recent years, e-learning courses in workplace and organizational settings have begun to include interaction and dialogue among participants. This case study is an in-depth exploration of interpersonal interaction and social presence within one such course. Notable findings include that (1) participants valued the sharing of specific case-based knowledge by fellow participants, (2) some participants valued professional socialization with others in the field, (3) enthusiastic learners revealed complex and contradictory perspectives regarding interpersonal interaction, (4) facilitators needed to model social presence for participants, (5) some “inactive” participants were actually engaged, and (6) learners may seek online courses for purposes of intellectual safety.
Troponin I: in sickness and in health-and normal development.

Troponin is the key component of the calcium-dependent switch of the contractile apparatus in striated muscle. There are three subunits of troponin: troponin C, a Ca2+-binding calmodulin-like protein; troponin T, which attaches the complex to tropomyosin, anchoring it to the thin filament as well as having a regulatory role; and troponin I (TnI), named for its ability to inhibit actin-myosin interactions at diastolic levels of Ca2+. As cytosolic Ca2+ increases in systole, it binds to a regulatory Ca2+-binding site on TnC, leading to increasing affinity of TnC for TnI and weakening the interactions of TnI and actin. This permits movement of tropomyosin-troponin on the thin filament such that the inhibition of actin-myosin interaction is diminished, increasing the probability of crossbridge cycling and muscle shortening. The ability to inhibit the actin-myosin interaction resides within a 12-amino acid region of the TnI molecule, although its inhibitory function is modulated by other regions of TnI.1 In mature mammals, a different TnI gene is expressed specifically in each of the three types of striated muscle: fast twitch (fsTnI), slow twitch (ssTnI), and cardiac (cTnI). The fetal and neonatal cardiac atria and ventricle also express ssTnI, and there is a gradual downregulation of the mRNA for ssTnI and increased expression of cTnI with maturation.2 This gene switch occurs in all mammalian species studied to date, including human. The tight regulation of this process was made apparent when the cTnI gene was subjected to targeted deletion in mice by Huang et al.3 …
Pictorial data compression using array grammars

Summary form only given. The relationships between array grammars and pictures are illustrated. More specifically, given a simple picture, the author explains how to find an array grammar which has the capability of generating this picture. The problem of array production minimization, time and space complexity analyses, pictorial knowledge, the entity-relationship model, the size and shape of the array, and the Octree are discussed with illustrative examples. >
Phylogenetic niche conservatism, phylogenetic signal and the relationship between phylogenetic relatedness and ecological similarity among species

Ecologists are increasingly adopting an evolutionary perspective, and in recent years, the idea that closely related species are ecologically similar has become widespread. In this regard, phylogenetic signal must be distinguished from phylogenetic niche conservatism. Phylogenetic niche conservatism results when closely related species are more ecologically similar that would be expected based on their phylogenetic relationships; its occurrence suggests that some process is constraining divergence among closely related species. In contrast, phylogenetic signal refers to the situation in which ecological similarity between species is related to phylogenetic relatedness; this is the expected outcome of Brownian motion divergence and thus is necessary, but not sufficient, evidence for the existence of phylogenetic niche conservatism. Although many workers consider phylogenetic niche conservatism to be common, a review of case studies indicates that ecological and phylogenetic similarities often are not related. Consequently, ecologists should not assume that phylogenetic niche conservatism exists, but rather should empirically examine the extent to which it occurs.
Robust lead-lag compensation for a family of uncertain linear systems

The authors describe a new control design technique for interval systems whose transfer function coefficients are described by some prescribed intervals. The objective of design is to obtain a lead-lag compensator for the given interval system so that the entire family of systems meets given design requirements. The design method is based on new frequency domain tools for such uncertain systems. An algorithm to construct Bode magnitude and phase envelopes for an interval system is presented. Using these frequency domain envelopes, examples for designing robust lead-lag compensators for interval systems are included. >
Medical students and psychiatry: an attitude change?

Medical student attitudes toward psychiatry form the foundation of their future interactions with psychiatric patients and their decision-making process regarding pursuing psychiatry as a career ( 1 ). Related studies have identified positive views overall, but some degree of stigma against psychiatry still persists among students ( 2 – 5 ). Psychiatric educators have been aware of this finding for decades and have considered exposure to psychiatry the principal factor influencing medical student attitudes toward the field ( 4 – 7 ). However, medical students’ opinions are formed by exposure to patients during their psychiatric clerkships and also by their experience on other clerkships, particularly when treating patients with comorbid psychiatric problems and observing the attitudes of non-psychiatric staff toward psychiatry ( 8 ). (Published: 2 April 2013) Citation: Med Educ Online 2013, 18 : 20676 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v18i0.20676
Communicating to escape: A look at involuntary hospitalization

Using Rambo Ronai’s [5] layered account, a form of autoethnography, this work explores the communicative performances involved in patient-release from mental health institutions. Utilizing narratives regarding involuntary hospitalization, this work explores the ways in which impression management [3] plays a vital role in a patient’s release. The work also examines doctor–patient ethical and communicative practices, but ultimately seeks to shed light upon the often-stigmatized individuals with mental health issues.
Temporal variation and scale in movement-based resource selection functions

Abstract A common population characteristic of interest in animal ecology studies pertains to the selection of resources. That is, given the resources available to animals, what do they ultimately choose to use? A variety of statistical approaches have been employed to examine this question and each has advantages and disadvantages with respect to the form of available data and the properties of estimators given model assumptions. A wealth of high resolution telemetry data are now being collected to study animal population movement and space use and these data present both challenges and opportunities for statistical inference. We summarize traditional methods for resource selection and then describe several extensions to deal with measurement uncertainty and an explicit movement process that exists in studies involving high-resolution telemetry data. Our approach uses a correlated random walk movement model to obtain temporally varying use and availability distributions that are employed in a weighted distribution context to estimate selection coefficients. The temporally varying coefficients are then weighted by their contribution to selection and combined to provide inference at the population level. The result is an intuitive and accessible statistical procedure that uses readily available software and is computationally feasible for large datasets. These methods are demonstrated using data collected as part of a large-scale mountain lion monitoring study in Colorado, USA.
Endothelial Cell Activation by IL-1β in the Presence of Fibrinogen Requires αVβ3

Objective— The purpose of this study was to investigate the receptor requirements for enhanced IL-1β–induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial cells (ECs) in the presence of fibrinogen. Methods and Results— ECs were exposed to IL-1β with or without fibrinogen and NO was measured as nitrite. NO production by EC exposed to fibrinogen (0.3±0.1 μmol/L) was comparable concentration to control (0.2±0.1 μmol/L), but IL-1β significantly increased NO production (0.8±0.1 μmol/L), and the combination of both fibrinogen and IL-1β resulted in a further increase to 2.2±0.2 μmol/L (P<0.002). 7E3 or LM609, antibodies to αvβ3, inhibited NO production stimulated by fibrinogen-bound IL-1β to 0.2±0.1 μmol/L (P<0.001) or 0.2±0.03 μmol/L (P<0.0001), respectively. These levels were comparable to control and significantly less than with IL-1β (P<0.002). EC or fibroblasts exposed to both fibrinogen and IL-1β, but not vitronectin and IL-1β, demonstrated positive Western blotting for αVβ3 after immunopurification with a...
Laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a retrospective, single-center study of early perioperative outcomes at a community hospital

The purpose of this study was to compare the operative and early perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures performed in a community hospital setting. The study was a chart review and analysis of the early perioperative outcomes of a total of 345 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures performed by a single surgeon in a community hospital setting from January 2011 to October 2014. Of these, 173 procedures were performed laparoscopically and 172 were performed with robotic assistance utilizing the daVinci® surgical platform. Factors such as baseline patient characteristics, operative time, estimated blood loss (EBL), conversions to open procedure, complication rates, adverse events, length of stay (LOS), and return to the operating room for the two groups were retrospectively analyzed from a prospectively maintained database. Student’s t test with unequal variances was used for statistical analysis, and a p value <0.05 was used for significance. There were no statistically significant differences in complication rates, EBL, or LOS between the two groups. There was a significant difference between the total operative times (135.30 ± 37.60 min for the laparoscopic procedure versus 154.84 ± 38.44 min for the robotic procedure, p < 0.05). There were no adverse intraoperative events, conversions to open procedures, leaks, strictures, returns to the operating room within 30 days, or mortalities in either group. Our study, which is the first of its kind to analyze the operative and early perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedures in the US community hospital setting, indicates that both are comparable in terms of safety, efficacy, and operative and early perioperative outcomes.
17beta-estradiol enhances NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs and long-term potentiation.

17β-estradiol enhances NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs and long-term potentiation. Gonadal steroid hormones influence CNS functioning through a variety of different mechanisms. To test the hypothesis ...
A Gestalt Account of Lightness Illusions

Illusions of lightness offer valuable clues to how lightness values are computed by the visual system. The traditional domain of lightness illusions must be expanded to include failures of constancy, as there is no distinction between these categories. Just as lightness is (relatively) constant in the face of changes in illumination level, so it is equally constant in the face of changes in background reflectance. Simultaneous lightness contrast, the most familiar lightness illusion, is fairly weak, and represents a failure of background-independent lightness constancy. It is argued that a combination of the highest-luminance rule of anchoring plus the Kardos idea of codetermination can account for most lightness illusions. Kardos suggested that the lightness value of a target surface is partly determined relative to the field of illumination (or framework) in which it is embedded, and partly relative to the neighboring field of illumination. Although Kardos did not apply his principle of codetermination to failures of background-independent constancy such as the simultaneous contrast illusion, this can be done rather easily by defining a framework as a perceptual group instead of identifying it strictly with an objective field of illumination.
Regional responses of rat brain to impactor parameters

The closed head impact (CHI) rat models are commonly used for studying the traumatic brain injury. Although various impact parameters (e.g., impact depth, velocity, and position) have been investigated by a number of researchers, little is known about the effects of the impactor shape, diameter, and material on the internal responses of the rat brain. In this work, numerical CHI experiments were conducted to investigate the sensitivities of intracranial responses to the impactor details such as impactor shape, diameter, and material. A 3D finite element rat head model with anatomical details was subjected to impact loadings. Results revealed that the impactor shape can affect the intracranial responses significantly. The effect of impactor diameter on the intracranial responses in different brain regions was uniform. In addition, careful attention should be paid when using an extremely compliant material for the impactor, since the actual impact depth might be compensated by the impactor deformation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Glycoholics Anonymous: Cancer Sobers Up with mTORC1

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Pusapati et al. (2016) reveal that mTORC1 orchestrates the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in response to glycolytic inhibitors, bypassing glycolysis by increasing glutamine uptake and pentose phosphate flux to generate energy and biomass.
Development and multicenter evaluation of Multistation Clinical Teaching Scenarios on immunization: the ATPM-CDC Teaching Immunization for Medical Education (TIME) Project.

Introduction The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate case-based immunization education materials that use a new teaching method called Multistation Clinical Teaching Scenarios (MCTS) for use in medical school clerkships and primary care residencies. Methods A multidisciplinary team developed objectives, abstracted clinical cases, and created MCTS modules, which use contextual learning, problem solving, and small-group interaction. Results Mean scores increased from the 10-item pretest to the posttest by 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] of 2.8 to 3.6) items for measles, 3.8 (CI = 3.4 to 4.1) for influenza, and 1.8 (CI = 1.4 to 2.1) for hepatitis B (P Conclusions This new method has been widely tested, increases content mastery, and is well received.
A diet low in fat and high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber following breast cancer treatment did not reduce new breast cancer events.

Source Citation Pierce JP, Natarajan L, Caan BJ, et al. Influence of a diet very high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in fat on prognosis following treatment for breast cancer: the Women's ...
A pleiotropic interaction between vision loss and hypermelanism in Astyanax mexicanus cave x surface hybrids

Cave-dwelling animals evolve various traits as a consequence of life in darkness. Constructive traits (e.g., enhanced non-visual sensory systems) presumably arise under strong selective pressures. The mechanism(s) driving regression of features, however, are not well understood. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses in Astyanax mexicanus Pachon cave x surface hybrids revealed phenotypic effects associated with vision and pigmentation loss. Vision QTL were uniformly associated with reductions in the homozygous cave condition, however pigmentation QTL demonstrated mixed phenotypic effects. This implied pigmentation might be lost through both selective and neutral forces. Alternatively, in this report, we examined if a pleiotropic interaction may exist between vision and pigmentation since vision loss has been shown to result in darker skin in other fish and amphibian model systems. We discovered that certain members of Pachon x surface pedigrees are significantly darker than surface-dwelling fish. All of these “hypermelanic” individuals demonstrated severe visual system malformations suggesting they may be blind. A vision-mediated behavioral assay revealed that these fish, in stark contrast to surface fish, behaved the same as blind cavefish. Further, hypermelanic melanophores were larger and more dendritic in morphology compared to surface fish melanophores. However, hypermelanic melanophores responded normally to melanin-concentrating hormone suggesting darkening stemmed from vision loss, rather than a defect in pigment cell function. Finally, a number of genomic regions were coordinately associated with both reduced vision and increased pigmentation. This work suggests hypermelanism in hybrid Astyanax results from blindness. This finding provides an alternative explanation for phenotypic effect studies of pigmentation QTL as stemming (at least in part) from environmental, rather than exclusively genetic, interactions between two regressive phenotypes. Further, this analysis reveals persistence of background adaptation in Astyanax. As the eye was lost in cave-dwelling forms, enhanced pigmentation resulted. Given the extreme cave environment, which is often devoid of nutrition, enhanced pigmentation may impose an energetic cost. Such an energetic cost would be selected against, as a means of energy conservation. Thus, the pleiotropic interaction between vision loss and pigmentation may reveal an additional selective pressure favoring the loss of pigmentation in cave-dwelling animals.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are tumors derived from Schwann cells or Schwann cell precursors. Although rare overall, the incidence of MPNST has increased with improved clinical management of patients with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor predisposition syndrome. Unfortunately, current treatment modalities for MPNST are limited, with no targeted therapies available and poor efficacy of conventional radiation and chemotherapeutic regimens. Many murine and zebrafish models of MPNST have been developed, which have helped to elucidate the genes and pathways that are dysregulated in MPNST tumorigenesis, including the p53, and the RB1, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, RAS-ERK and Wnt signaling pathways. Preclinical results have suggested that new therapies, including mTOR and ERK inhibitors, may synergize with conventional chemotherapy in human tumors. The discovery of new genome editing technologies, like CRISPR-cas9, and their successful application to the zebrafish model will enable rapid progress in the faithful modeling of MPNST molecular pathogenesis. The zebrafish model is especially suited for high throughput screening of new targeted therapeutics as well as drugs approved for other purposes, which may help to bring enhanced treatment modalities into human clinical trials for this devastating disease.
Comparison of Ultrasonic Imaging Techniques for Full-Scale Reinforced Concrete

Recent developments in ultrasonic testing hardware, such as air-coupled sensors and multielement shear wave dry-point contact arrays, have brought about a new capability to image the interior of reinforced concrete structures. Data acquired from air-coupled transducers are often reconstructed by using tomographic algorithms, especially when a through-thickness configuration is used to collect data. Data acquired from multielement shear wave arrays are normally reconstructed with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT), under which the data are collected by using a one-sided pitch-catch configuration. Both approaches are helpful in characterizing full-scale reinforced concrete structures, although each produces a different type of image with distinct characteristics. The differences between the two test methods and data inversion schemes are investigated. Ultrasonic data are collected from a full-scale reinforced concrete column specimen by using air-coupled P-wave transducers and a multielement s...
Government Spending In Health And Nonhealth Sectors Associated With Improvement In County Health Rankings

There is little evidence to demonstrate the impact on local health outcomes of spending that occurs outside the health care sector. We leveraged novel data from the US Census Bureau to measure the independent impact of a community’s health and nonhealth expenditures on a broad measure of overall health—the County Health Rankings—over time. Using lagged longitudinal models that accounted for correlations of health outcomes and expenditures within counties, we found significant positive associations between expenditures and County Health Rankings for seven of the fourteen expenditure categories examined: community health care and public health, public hospitals, fire protection, K–12 education, corrections, libraries, and housing and community development. These areas of social spending have modest but detectable positive associations with population health, whether or not they primarily target health. Achieving improved health outcomes through a culture-of-health ethos should involve the consideration of p...
Cultural Considerations in the Selection of Evidence-Based Psychosocial Interventions for Chinese-American/Immigrant Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Just as treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) does not follow a universal course of intervention, so should the design and implementation of evidence-based interventions not assume universal efficacy for all groups, especially those from non-dominant cultures. The scarcity of efficacy studies on psychosocial interventions for the Chinese-American/immigrant children with ASD calls for more research on the topic and challenges mental health and educational providers to consider cultural factors in various phases and at various levels when conducting interventions. This article presents specific cultural considerations in the selection of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for Chinese-American/immigrant children with ASD for professionals serving the population. Examples include considerations of cultural/linguistic characteristics of the child with ASD, his/her family and school context, and their cultural values. As Evidence-based Interventions (EBI) are necessary but not sufficient for effective interventions, strategies based on implementation science are recommended.
Addressing College Readiness Gaps at the College Door.

This chapter examines the Early Assessment Program, which provides California high school students with early signals about their college readiness and allows them to improve their skills and reduce the need for developmental education in college.