cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous non-invasive end-tidal CO2 monitoring in pediatric inpatients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Introduction: Pediatric inpatients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are routinely subjected to frequent blood draws in order to closely monitor degree of acidosis and response to therapy. The typical level of acidosis monitoring is less than ideal, however, because of the high cost and invasiveness of frequent blood labs. Previous studies have validated end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitoring in the emergency department (ED) for varying periods of time. We extend these findings to the inpatient portion of the hospitalization during which the majority of blood tests are sent. Methods: All patients admitted to an intermediate care unit in (InCU) a large children’s hospital were fitted with an appropriately sized oral/nasal cannula capable of sensing EtCO2. Laboratory studies were obtained according to hospital clinical practice guidelines. In a retrospective analysis, EtCO2 values were correlated with serum total CO2 (stCO2), venous pH (vpH), venous pCO2 (vpCO2), and calculated bicarbonate from venous blood gas (vHCO3−). Results: A total of 78 consecutive episodes of DKA in 72 patients aged 1–21 yr were monitored for 3–38 h with both capnography and laboratory testing, producing 334 comparisons. Initial values were as follows, reported as median (range): stCO2, 11 (4–22) mmol/L; vpH, 7.281 (6.998–7.441); vpCO2, 28.85 (9.3–43.3) mmHg; and vHCO3−, 14 (3–25) mmol/L. EtCO2 was correlated well with stCO2 (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), vHCO3− (r = 0.84, p < 0.001), and vpCO2 (r = 0.79, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These data support the findings of previous studies limited to ED populations and suggest that non-invasive EtCO2 monitoring is a valuable and reliable tool to continuously follow acidosis in the setting of the acutely ill pediatric patient with DKA. Continuous EtCO2 monitoring offers the practitioner an early warning system for unexpected changes in acidosis that augments the utility of intermittent blood gas determinations.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric properties of ferric complexes of 2:2'-dipyridines in glacial acetic acid

Abstract 2 2'-Dipyridme forms a stable, yellow-green complex with ironIII in glacial acetic acid with a ligand to iron mole ratio of 1 60 to 1 (3 to 2). The 4,4'-disubstituted derivatives also form a yellow-green complex. Solutions of these complexes are characterised by a strong absorption maximum in the 250–350 mμ region of the spectrum. The spectrophotometric constants of the ironIII complexes were evaluated at this maximum. The ironIII complex of the diphenyl derivative has the largest molar absorptivity of all the 2 2'-dipyndines studied.
Factors Controlling Packaging of Peptide Hormones into Secretory Granules

Endocrine, exocrine, and neuronal cells package only a subset of their secretory products into the electron-dense secretory granules. To investigate the factors controlling selective packaging of proteins into these granules, we utilized the mouse pituitary tumor cell line, AtT-20, which retained the capability to sort adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into secretory granules in vitro. Packaging of ACTH was blocked by treatment with weak bases, but was unaffected when N-linked glycosylation or sulfation was inhibited. To test whether the targeting information is specified by sorting domains present on peptide hormone sequences, we determined if a protein could be diverted to the dense secretory granules by attachment to a peptide hormone sequence. A plasmid DNA was constructed that encoded a hybrid protein in which a fragment of a viral membrane protein was fused to the carboxy terminus of human growth hormone. AtT-20 cells transfected with the hybrid were found to target it to dense secretory vesicles efficiently. These results support the hypothesis that sorting domains on peptide hormones direct their packaging into dense secretory vesicles.
Dust aerosol retrieval results from MISR

ABSTRACT Satellite measurements provide important tools for understanding the eect of mineral dust aerosols on pastand present climate and climate predictions. Multi-angle instruments such as Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) provide independent constraints on aerosol properties based on their sensitivity to theshape of aerosol scattering phase functions. The current MISR operational retrieval algorithm (version 16and higher) was modied by incorporating new non-spherical dust models that account for naturally occurringdust shapes and compositions. We present selected examples of MISR version 16 retrievals over AERONETsunphotometer land and ocean sites during the passage of dust fronts. Our analysis shows that during suchevents MISR retrieves Angstrom exponents characteristic of large particles, having little spectral variation inextinction over the MISR wavelength range (442, 550, 672 and 866 nm channels), as expected. The retrievedfraction of non-spherical particles is also very high. This quantity is not retrieved by satellite instruments havingonly nadir-viewing cameras. Our comparison of current (version 16) MISR-retrieved aerosol optical thickness(AOT) with AERONET instantaneous AOT shows better coverage and stronger correlations than when makingidentical comparisons with previous AOT retrievals (version 15). The MISR algorithm successful mixtures includea non-spherical dust component with high frequency in retrievals over dark water and slightly lower frequencyover land. Selection frequencies of non-spherical dust models also decrease in dusty regions aected by pollution.Keywords: MISR retrievals, atmospheric dust, optical properties of nonspherical particles
Effects of dietary supplements on aspirin and other antiplatelet agents: an evidence-based approach.

Pharmacy Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bldg 10, Room 1N-257, Bethesda, MD 20892-1196, United States Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States
Activity of doramectin against nematode and arthropod parasites of swine

Abstract The efficacy of doramectin, a novel avermectin, was assessed against both naturally-acquired and experimentally-induced infections of gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, kidneyworms, lice and mites in studies conducted across North America and Europe. Twenty-two studies evaluated efficacy against fourth larval and adult stages of the following nematode species: Hyostrongylus rubidus, Ascaris suum, Strongyloids ransomi, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Oesophagostomum quarispinulatum, Trichuris suis, Metastrongylus spp. and Stephanurus dentatus. Efficacy was evaluated against the louse Haematopinus suis in six studies and against the mite Sarcoptes scabiei in four studies. A common study design was employed for each study type. In all studies, animals were allotted at random to a doramectin-treated or a saline-treated group. The doramectin-treated group received the drug at 300 μg kg−1 by intramuscular injection while the saline-treated group received saline by the same route. In the nematode studies, worm burdens were determined for each animal at slaughter 14–16 days after treatment. Efficacy against each nematode species/stage was assessed on the basis of percentage reduction in geometric mean worm burden in doramectin-treated animals compared with saline-treated controls. In louse and mite studies, counts were made immediately before treatment and then at weekly intervals for four weeks. Efficacy was based on a comparison of the level of infestation on the day of treatment with that on the last day of test. Data from individual studies were combined to derive a single estimate of efficacy against each of the parasite species represented in the study program. Efficacy of doramectin was 98% or greater against all nematode species except T. suis for which the efficacy was 87% and 79% against adult and fourth larval stage, respectively. Efficacy was 100% against both Haematopinus suis and Sarcoptes scabiei.
Psychological need‐satisfaction and subjective well‐being within social groups

Five candidate measures of psychological need-satisfaction were evaluated as predictors of high positive and low negative mood within the group, intrinsic motivation for group activities, and high commitment to the group. Consistent with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1991), personal autonomy and interpersonal relatedness both predicted positive outcomes. Consistent with optimal distinctiveness theory (Brewer, 1991), feeling included within the group, feeling personally distinctive within the group, and feeling that the group is distinctive compared to other groups, also predicted positive outcomes. Simultaneous regression analyses indicated that the five needs were differentially related to the different well-being indicators, and also suggested that group inclusion may be the most important need to satisfy within group contexts. Supplementary analyses showed that members of formal groups felt less personal autonomy, but more group distinctiveness, compared to informal group members.
Tracing the Origins of the Rosary: German Vernacular Texts

This study examines the significance of the change, which, as is shown, took place independently in experiments by three different redactors. It traces the development of the devotion in both Latin and German texts for answers to the questions of how the modern rosary evolved and why it became successful
Tumour induction by cell-free extracts derived from mice with graft versus host disease.

A SUBSTANTIAL proportion of inbred mice, in which a protracted form of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) is induced, eventually develop lymphoreticular tumours1. This experimental mouse model can be used to study the role of immune reactions in cancer induction. One possibility is that the immune disturbance activates a latent oncogenic virus. That such activation can occur has been demonstrated in C57BL mice2. In this strain, with its low spontaneous leukaemic incidence, thymic lymphomas are induced by an irradiation-activated leukaemogenic virus. In man, there is suggestive evidence that Burkitt's lymphoma may be caused by a combination of virus infection and immunological stimulation3.
Sulfur ligand substitution at the nickel(II) sites of cubane-type and cubanoid NiFe3S4 clusters relevant to the C-clusters of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase.

Substitution reactions at the nickel site of the cubane-type cluster [(Ph3P)NiFe3S4(LS3)]2- (2) have been investigated in the course of a synthetic approach to the C-clusters of CODH. Reaction of 2...
Reform and Social Change

The books reviewed variously convey notions of reform and momentous social change in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Law and lawyers, gender/family, and demographic change are recurring topics in several works. Three—Finn's, Bailey's, and Ottaway's—complement each other in their treatment of family, consumption, welfare, household, and money matters. Ottoway's analysis fills an important gap in both poor law literature and the social history of aging in the eighteenth century. Bailey's contribution in marriage history is her focus on the 'middling sort' rather than the well-documented aristocracy. Bums' and Innes' "fresh look" at the 'age of reform' includes art, theater, opera, medicine, and empire as well as parliamentary reform. Clearly, the most varied content is to be found in Floud's and Johnson's The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, an update of an earlier work while the most original piece is Peter Lindert's. Described by Jeffrey Sachs as "dazzling" (which it is), Growing Public is essentially about the welfare state and its various metamorphoses.
Numerical modelling of salt-water intrusion due to human activities and sea-level change in the Godavari Delta, India

Abstract The effects of human activities and sea-level changes on the spatial and temporal behaviour of the coupled mechanism of salt-water and freshwater flow through the Godavari Delta of India were analysed. The density driven salt-water intrusion process was simulated with the use of a SUTRA (Saturated-Unsaturated TRAnsport) model. Physical parameters, initial heads, and boundary conditions of the delta were defined on the basis of available field data, and an areal, steady-state groundwater model was constructed to calibrate the observed head values corresponding to the initial development phase of the aquifer. Initial and boundary conditions determined from the areal calibration were used to evaluate steady-state, hydraulic heads. Consequently, the initial position of the hydraulic head distribution was calibrated under steady-state conditions. The changes of initial hydraulic distribution, under discharge and recharge conditions, were calculated, and the present-day position of the interface was pr...
Arrest of c1300 neuroblastoma cells by limiting serum or isoleucine. Implications for growth control in malignant cells.

Abstract The arrest of C1300 neuroblastoma cells by limiting serum or isoleucine in the growth medium is described. The resumption of DNA synthesis after the return of the cells to complete medium indicates that they stop in the early G1 (or G0) phase of the cell cycle with both arrest procedures. However, the isoleucine limitation procedure also arrests about half of the cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. This result is used to modify a recent model for growth control of transformed cells.
Vocal tract area functions from magnetic resonance imaging

There have been considerable research efforts in the area of vocal tract modeling but there is still a small body of information regarding direct 3-D measurements of the vocal tract shape. The purpose of this study was to acquire, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an inventory of speaker-specific, three-dimensional, vocal tract air space shapes that correspond to a particular set of vowels and consonants. A set of 18 shapes was obtained for one male subject who vocalized while being scanned for 12 vowels, 3 nasals, and 3 plosives. The 3-D shapes were analyzed to find the cross-sectional areas evaluated within planes always chosen to be perpendicular to the centerline extending from the glottis to the mouth to produce an "area function." This paper provides a speaker-specific catalogue of area functions for 18 vocal tract shapes. Comparisons of formant locations extracted from the natural (recorded) speech of the imaged subject and from simulations using the newly acquired area functions show reasonable similarity but suggest that the imaged vocal tract shapes may be somewhat centralized. Additionally, comparisons of the area functions reported in this study are compared with those from four previous studies and demonstrate general similarities in shape but also obvious differences that can be attributed to differences in imaging techniques, image processing methods, and anatomical differences of the imaged subjects.
Primary culture of Caenorhabditis elegans developing embryo cells for electrophysiological, cell biological and molecular studies

Cell culture is an invaluable tool for investigation of basic biological processes. However, technical hurdles including low cell yield, poor cell differentiation and poor attachment to the growth substrate have limited the use of this tool for studies of the genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. This protocol describes a method for the large-scale culture of C. elegans embryo cells. We also describe methods for in vitro RNA interference, fluorescence-activated cell sorting of embryo cells and imaging of cultured cells for patch-clamp electrophysiology studies. Developing embryos are isolated from gravid adult worms. After eggshell removal by enzymatic digestion, embryo cells are dissociated and plated onto glass substrates. Isolated cells terminally differentiate within 24 h. Analysis of gene expression patterns and cell-type frequency suggests that in vitro embryo cell cultures recapitulate the developmental characteristics of L1 larvae. Cultured embryo cells are well suited for physiological analysis as well as molecular and cell biological studies. The embryo cell isolation protocol can be completed in 5-6 h.
Distributed simulation approach for enabling cooperation between entities in heterarchical manufacturing systems

In this paper, a method for performing time-scaled distributed simulation is described for control of heterarchical manufacturing systems, where it is used as a mechanism by which highly autonomous entities in these systems can cooperate implicitly and to adapt to disturbance events in real-time. A replica of the system software, executing at a speed that is several orders of magnitude faster than real time, serves as an accurate, detailed, distributed simulation model that can be developed at low cost. Performance estimates obtained from simulations are used as feedback by entities in the system to iteratively improve global coherence. The time-scaled approach eliminates the need for explicitly synchronizing events and thereby eliminates the complexity associated with discrete event distributed simulation approaches. The method is applied in the paper to a manufacturing control system in which control laws with a continuous feedback structure are embedded in the autonomous workpiece entities and used to adjust the timing of events required to produce workpieces. The control laws ensure the stability and convergence of the system, while allowing it to be effectively controlled with minimal global information.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effect of an educational program on opioid prescription patterns in hand surgery: a quality improvement program

Purpose To assess the variability of opioid prescription patterns among hand surgeons in a single practice and to attempt to standardize postoperative prescription sizes based on the patient's surgical procedure. Methods We performed a preliminary chart review to assess the range of prescription sizes for 4 common hand surgery procedures. A group of hand surgeons agreed to write postoperative opioid prescriptions based on an evaluation of historical prescription patterns. An educational assist device (the pink card) was created to serve as a memory prompt and was given to physicians, midlevel practitioners, and trainees. Subsequent chart reviews of number of pills prescribed were done 3 and 15 months later. Results After implementation of the pink card, the average postoperative prescription size decreased for all 4 case types by 15% to 48%, reaching statistical significance for 2 of the procedures. Variability in prescription sizes decreased in all cases. There was a trend toward a decreasing number of prescription refills over the course of the study. There was no evidence that patients were obtaining refills from other sources within our multigroup practice. Conclusions Although generalized opioid prescription guidelines exist, they lack specificity. Our multimodal approach using a simple educational-assist device and changes to postoperative order sets significantly affected surgeon behavior without evidence of inadequate treatment of pain. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
Nietzsche as a Theological Resource

If theology interprets itself onto-theo-logically and God is the highest being, it will have no use for Nietzsche as a resource. Such a theology would demand that God should always make sense to our intellects in their present (finite and fallen) condition — thus subjecting itself to Feuerbach’s objections. Nietzsche is a resource, not like Scripture and tradition, but like a prophet whose perspectivisic hermeneutics of finitude illuminates our creation and whose hermeneutics of suspicion illuminates our fall. A number of objections are addressed, including whether this is not bringing coals to the Newcastle of theology practiced at the American Academy of Religion.
Statistical evaluation of an analytical GC/MS method for the determination of long chain fatty acids

Abstract In-depth evaluation of an analytical method to detect and quantify long chain fatty acids (C8–C16) at trace level concentrations (25–1000 μg/l) is presented. The method requires derivatization of the acids with methanolic boron trifluoride, separation, and detection by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The calibration experiments passed all the tested performance criteria such as linearity, homoscedasticity, and ruggedness. The detection limits and related quantities were computed by applying the method detection limit, and the calibration line approximation. The values obtained by applying the latter approach were more reliable and consistent with the actual statistical theory of detection decisions and yielded the following concentrations: C8, 87.6 μg/l; C10, 45.2 μg/l; C11, 39.9 μg/l; C12, 37.7 μg/l; C14, 41.4 μg/l and C16, 40.6 μg/l. Two different gas–liquid chromatographic columns were tested and similar results achieved, which shows the ruggedness of the method.
Laser-powered heat exchanger rocket for ground-to-orbit launch

A hydrogen-fueled thruster heated by a ground-based laser can produce a specific impulse of 500-800 s, sufficient to reach Earth orbit with plausible single-stage mass ratios, at exhaust temperatures of 1000-2000 K. At these low temperatures, a solid heat exchanger can be both cheap and efficient. A heat-exchanger-based thruster has a fundamental advantage over other laser-heated engines in that it is omnivorous; any laser wavelength or pulse format is acceptable. A low-cost, lightweight planar heat exchanger configuration is presented that retains much of the simplicity of pulsed solid-propellant laser thrusters, and which may permit quick development of a launch system able to launch payloads of >1 kg/MW of laser power into low Earth orbit.
Emissions of hydrochloric acid, PCDD and PCDF from the combustion of chlorine-containing kraft pulp mill bleach plant waste

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine if combustion of chlorine-containing bleach plant waste causes emissions of hydrochloric acid, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDF). Small additions of chlorine-containing bleach plant waste to normal black liquor feed stock did not result in detectable increases HCl emissions during incineration. Large additions (≥ 10% by weight of solids) increased HCl emissions, possibly as a direct result of organochlorine combustion. The total PCDD/F in flue gas increased by a factor of ten with a 1% addition of bleach plant concentrate to black liquor. Comparisons of emitted PCDD/F and feed liquor PCDD/F indicated a net formation of PCDD/F during combustion. The emissions of PCDD/F may be a significant factor detracting from thermal destruction of mixtures of chlorine-containing bleach plant waste and black liquor in a standard recovery furnace.
MENTAL PATIENTS IN NURSING HOMES. I. SOCIAL DEPRIVATION AND REGRESSION

Abstract: A one-year controlled study was made of 16 nursing homes containing 1,400 patients, 141 of whom were former patients of the Boston State Hospital. The purpose was to determine the effect of therapeutic activities in these settings. The design of the study is described. Institutional deprivation may be physical, intellectual or spiritual. Deprivation in nursing homes was found to be particularly related to: 1) lack of stimulation, 2) lack of adequate walking space inside and outside the homes, 3) lack of recreational and occupational therapy, 4) lack of space for group socialization and activities, 5) lack of a common dining room, so that patients have to eat off trays in their rooms, 6) absence of volunteer workers from the community, 7) separation of patients on different floors, and 8) minimal socialization between male and female patients. Case reports exemplifying deprivation reactions and regressive behavior (a warning signal of possible organic changes) are presented. Proposed programs for overcoming these problems include: 1) in-service training of staff, 2) better communication between the state hospital and the nursing home, 3) intervention for emergencies or recurring problems, 4) the establishment of recreational and occupational therapy, and 5) the recruitment of volunteers to visit, conduct group games, and arrange extramural activities.
Comments on “Use of Ducting Theory in an Observed Case of Gravity Waves”

Comments about the article published by Monserrat S. and Thorpe A.J. (1996, J. Atmos. Sci., 53).
The role of oxygen diffusion in passive bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils

Abstract In passive bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils, oxygen diffusion is the primary mechanism for supplying the oxygen which is required for microbial hydrocarbon biodegradation processes. It is the objective of this research to theoretically evaluate whether passive bioremediation can be a feasible treatment alternative for petroleum contaminated soils. In this paper we derive equations for the steady-state oxygen concentration profiles which are expected to develop as a result of simultaneous oxygen diffusion and consumption in hydrocarbon contaminated soils. These equations are used to estimate the maximum oxygen penetration distance and the total cleanup time for several environmental scenarios such as surface and subsurface soil contamination as well as contaminated soil piles. It was found that oxygen is expected to penetrate most contaminated soils for up to several meters if hydrocarbon biodegradation rates are similar to those measured during bioventing respiration tests, i.e. approximately 2.5–10 ppm TPH day −1 . Both the depth of oxygen penetration and the total passive bioremediation cleanup time were found to be strongly dependent on the magnitude of the diffusion coefficient for oxygen in soil ( D s ). As expected, increased oxygen penetration distances and decreased cleanup times are associated with increased D s values. Since the magnitude of D s is inversely related to the soil moisture content, it is imperative to maintain moderately low soil moisture levels in order to maximize the effectiveness of passive bioremediation treatment. Passive bioremediation is expected to be a feasible and cost-effective treatment alternative for TPH contaminated soils in cases where the minimization of cleanup times is not a major remediation objective.
The effect of long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene and carbon tetrachloride and hepatic biotransformation in rats.

Abstract To exclude the possibility that changes in hepatotoxicity and biotransformation were induced by diabetogen administration, the influence of long-lasting experimental insulin-dependent diabetes on the activities of benzphetamine demethylase, styrene oxide hydrolase, and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases toward 1-naphthol, diethylstilbestrol, estrone and testosterone, and glutathione S-transferases toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, ethacrynic acid, and sulfobromophthalein was studied. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 45 mg streptozotocin/kg rapidly developed the classical symptoms of diabetes which persisted throughout the 90-day test period. Ketonemia was detectable at 6 but not at either 35 or 90 days after streptozotocin administration. After acute challenge with bromobenzene or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities in rats diabetic for 35 and 90 days were markedly higher than those in normal rats, suggesting that diabetes potentiated the hepatotoxicity of these chemicals. Administration of 25 μl CCl4/kg, ip, to diabetic rats decreased enzyme activities toward benzphetamine, sulfobromophthalein, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and 1-naphthol. In normal rats, a dose of 400 μl CCl4/kg, ip, was required to cause similar changes in enzyme activities. Bromobenzene (500 μl/kg, ip) elicited opposing responses in diabetic and normal rats in N-demethylase activity, in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward 1-naphthol, estrone, and testosterone, and in glutathione S-transferase activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Total cytochrome P450 concentrations were reduced by both induction of diabetes and hepatotoxicant challenge. Thus, chronic uncontrolled diabetes alters the response of hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes in a non-uniform, substrate-dependent manner, independent of initial diabetogen effects. The role of cytochrome P450j in potentiating CCl4 toxicity is discussed.
An Intrinsic Neuromuscular Basis for Mitral Valve Motion in the Dog

The anterior leaflet of the mitral valve of the dog contains blood vessels, nerve fibers, and cardiac muscle in addition to elastic fibers and collagen. When studied in a myograph, the electrically stimulated mitral valve actively developed tension and shortened. Active tension was found to be a function of initial length of the valve and was increased by norepinephrine and decreased by acetylcholine. The presence of neuronally releasable norepinephrine stores in the valve was indicated by responsiveness to tyramine. The negative inotropic response of the mitral valve to acetylcholine was consistent with an atrial origin of the tissue. Possible functional roles for mitral valve muscle and the potential significance of its neural control are discussed.
Ignition waves in a stirred PEM fuel cell

Abstract A mathematical model of slow transient behavior in an autohumidified stirred tank reactor (STR) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is developed. The key feature of the model is the positive feedback between current, water production, and membrane resistance which leads to two stable “ignited” states, corresponding to either a uniform current distribution or a partially ignited cell with localized current production. The switching between the two regimes is accompanied by hysteresis and transient behavior on the order of 2–4 h in a small 1 cm 2 cell. We compare the numerical results to experimental data gathered by [Benziger et al. 2005. Chemical Engineering Science 60 (6), 1743–1759] and show that the lateral diffusion of water within the ionomer membrane is a possible mechanism behind the hysteresis and slow transient behavior they observed.
The effect of lactation on the length of the post partum anovulatory period: An application of a bivariate stochastic model

Abstract A model of the effects of lactation on the post partum anovulatory period is presented. Parameters are estimated and the model is seen to fit the data of Perez et al. (1971) very well. Models of this type can be used to study other situations in which individuals change randomly over time in characteristics which affect a dependent behavioral process. It is hypothesized that the relative effects of nursing on post partum sterility are constant across societies, although the absolute effects vary from society to society. The hypothesis is shown to be in agreement with a variety of apparently inconsistent studies in the literature.
Feminist-Informed Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy as Treatment for Eating Disorders

Research has documented associations between relationship quality and eating disorders; however, few have explored treating eating disorders with couple therapy. Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) is a compelling framework for treating couples where one partner has an eating disorder. A feminist approach to EFT offers the possibility of adding to the knowledge base of etiological factors that contribute to the development of eating disorders. A case example is given demonstrating how EFT can be adapted to address the fear, shame, and secrecy often associated with eating disorders within the context of larger social schemes which contribute to eating disorders.
Physical assets in the M&A mix: a strategic option

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight how a commonly‐overlooked resource – physical assets – can be used to advantage as both a tactical and strategic tool during mergers and acquisitions (M&A). It aims to present an overview of strategies for managers to consider when faced with M&A – both for deterring and defending against unwanted acquirer attention, and for managing M&A post‐transaction.Design/methodology/approach – Integrating findings from different research streams (e.g. financial, management, geography and real estate), and drawing on interviews and recent M&A reports, the paper distills physical asset strategies into a general overview and a two‐stage framework.Findings – Firms' physical assets can play a significant role in driving, defending and managing M&A. By affecting both financial and organizational outcomes, it is shown how physical assets are a powerful strategic resource within the manager's toolkit. Deter‐and‐defend strategies reduce M&A vulnerability and defend against...
In vivo echo-planar imaging of rat spinal cord

An integrated approach to echo-planar imaging of rat spinal cord in vivo with a small field of view (FOV) is presented. This protocol is based on a multishot interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence and includes: 1) use of an inductively coupled implantable coil for improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); 2) three-dimensional (3D) automatic shimming of the magnetic field over the spinal cord; and 3) post-acquisition data processing using a multireference scan for minimizing image artifacts. Some of the practical issues in implementing this protocol are discussed. This imaging protocol will be useful in characterizing the spinal cord pathology using techniques that are otherwise time-consuming, such as diffusion tensor imaging.
Repair Scaffolding Reaches New Heights at Blocked Replication Forks

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Ohouo et al. (2010) show that Mec1 (hATR) promotes the association of Slx4 and Rtt107 with Dpb11 (hTopBP1) in response to MMS-induced DNA alkylation, suggesting that Slx4 and Rtt107 might coordinate repair factors specifically at damaged replication forks.
Archaeosortases and Exosortases Are Widely Distributed Systems Linking Membrane Transit with Posttranslational Modification

Multiple new prokaryotic C-terminal protein-sorting signals were found that reprise the tripartite architecture shared by LPXTG and PEP-CTERM: motif, TM helix, basic cluster. Defining hidden Markov models were constructed for all. PGF-CTERM occurs in 29 archaeal species, some of which have more than 50 proteins that share the domain. PGF-CTERM proteins include the major cell surface protein in Halobacterium, a glycoprotein with a partially characterized diphytanylglyceryl phosphate linkage near its C terminus. Comparative genomics identifies a distant exosortase homolog, designated archaeosortase A (ArtA), as the likely protein-processing enzyme for PGF-CTERM. Proteomics suggests that the PGF-CTERM region is removed. Additional systems include VPXXXP-CTERM/archeaosortase B in two of the same archaea and PEF-CTERM/archaeosortase C in four others. Bacterial exosortases often fall into subfamilies that partner with very different cohorts of extracellular polymeric substance biosynthesis proteins; several species have multiple systems. Variant systems include the VPDSG-CTERM/exosortase C system unique to certain members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, VPLPA-CTERM/exosortase D in several alpha- and deltaproteobacterial species, and a dedicated (single-target) VPEID-CTERM/exosortase E system in alphaproteobacteria. Exosortase-related families XrtF in the class Flavobacteria and XrtG in Gram-positive bacteria mark distinctive conserved gene neighborhoods. A picture emerges of an ancient and now well-differentiated superfamily of deeply membrane-embedded protein-processing enzymes. Their target proteins are destined to transit cellular membranes during their biosynthesis, during which most undergo additional posttranslational modifications such as glycosylation.
Using MOVPE growth to generate tomorrow's solar electricity

Growing interest in renewable energy combined with the excellent performance of compound-semiconductor solar cells inspires a vision of large-scale deployment of solar systems using these cells. Three-junction, GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge solar cells have demonstrated an efficiency of 39%. Many companies are developing solar concentrator systems based on these commercially available cells. This paper reviews compound-semiconductor solar-cell technology from the viewpoint of researchers experienced with metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of other compound-semiconductor devices. We describe the generic structure of today's multijunction solar cells and some of the challenges of implementing these structures. Several new device structures are currently being investigated toward achieving efficiencies above 40%. The potential for growth of this technology is huge, because high-efficiency (multijunction) concentrator systems have a chance to capture a significant part of the large-scale electricity photovoltaic market.
Intelligent Green IT Management for Enterprises through System Profiling

Green IT service aim at reducing carbon footprints in workplace and hence save cost using technologies that are sustainable. The current work presents an intelligent Green IT management technique through the system profiling and application of Machine Learning techniques towards generating the system usage patterns. A batch program was developed to control PCs based on the usage pattern. The solution could be implemented in data centers, development centers where thousands of PCs whose usage behavior varies. Such a system could be extended by building ontology's for multiple users using a single system.
First New World Record of Paradelphacodes paludosus (Flor 1861) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea : Delphacidae) in Alaska

The delphacid genus Paradelphacodes Wagner, 1963, currently consists of 5 species, viz. P. gvosdevi (Mitjaev, 1980) (=P. insolitus Dmitriev, 2000), P. litoralis (Reuter, 1880), P. orientalis Anufriev, 1972, P. paludosus (Flor, 1861), and P. tengaica Vilbaste, 1965 (Anufriev and Emeljanov 1988, Dmitriev 2000, Dmitriev and McKamey 2013). Members of the genus are generally found in the northern Palearctic regions, although P. litoralis has been reported from Canada (British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Newfoundland, Yukon; Wilson 1992, 1997, Maw et al., 2000). Here we report a single male specimen of P. paludosus (Fig. 1) from Alaska (Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge), el. 151m., 66.37075°N, 152. 02144°W ±102m, on floating vegetation, lake side, sweep, 21 June 2010, D. S. Sikes; UAM:Ento:164292), a new species record for North America. This brings the total number of delphacid species known north of Mexico to 314 (also including Megamelus scutellaris Berg, 1883, introduced for control of water hyacinth, Eichornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms; Pontederiaceae). Specimen data are available online from both Arctos (see below) and the Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network (http://tcn.amnh.org/). Delphacids from Alaska consist of 17 reported species (Wilson 1988, Bartlett et al., 2014). Of these species, 12 are also found in the Palearctic and 5 are restricted to the New World. Paradelphacodes paludosus is widely distributed in northern Europe, Russia, Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia, and Afghanistan (Anufriev and Emeljanov 1988). P. paludosus is reported from ‘bogs, spring mires and fens’ in Central Europe, probably on Carex rostrata Stokes and C. panicea L. (Cyperaceae; Nickel 2003: 57), and from the grasses (Poaceae): Agropyron sp., (wheatgrass), Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass), Phalaris canariensis L. (annual canarygrass), and Sporobolus sp. (dropseed) in China (Ding 2006). The Alaskan specimen was collected from a floating mat of vegetation, mostly Cyperaceae and mosses with prominent Eriophorum angustifolium Honck (cottonsedge, Cyperaceae). The specimen data, figures, and photos of habitat are available online at http://arctos.database.museum/guid/UAM:Ento:164292. It is likely that P. paludosus had been overlooked in earlier work since delphacids have not been exhaustively collected in Alaska, and additional species are likely to be detected. 1 Received on April 15, 2014. Accepted on July 21, 2014. 2 Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 250 Townsend Hall, 531 S. College Ave., Newark, DE 19716-2130. E-mail bartlett@udel.edu
Poster: Scaffolding draft genomes using paired sequencing data

The number of sequenced genomes is growing very quickly due to the low cost and availability of high throughput DNA sequencing platforms. However, most genome sequences are not complete, consisting of large numbers of contigs separated by gaps. The process of orienting and ordering these contigs, typically using pairs of reads with approximately known distance in the genome, is known as scaffolding. Scaffolding algorithms were first introduced along with the first genome assemblers. Much like the assemblers they were designed to work with pairs of relatively long Sanger reads (800–1000bp). The length of these reads ensures that the majority of them would map correctly onto contigs. Current sequencing platforms generate hundreds of millions of much shorter reads in each experiment. The shortness of the reads causes a large amount of non-unique and incorrect mapping. In this poster we present ongoing work on designing a scaffolding strategy appropriate for such type of data.
Automated hoarding for mobile computers

A common problem facing mobile computing is disconnected operation, or computing in the absence of a network. Hoarding eases disconnected operation by selecting a subset of the user’s files for local storage. We describe a hoarding system that can operate without user intervention, by observing user activity and predicting future needs. The system calculates a new measure, semantic distance, between individual files, and uses this to feed a clustering algorithm that chooses which files should be hoarded. A separate replication system manages the actual transport of data; any of a number of replication systems may be used. We discuss practical problems encountered in the real world and present usage statistics showing that our system outperforms previous approaches by factors that can exceed 10:1.
On the accuracy of an implicit algorithm for pseudodynamic tests

The error-propagation characteristics of an implicit time integration algorithm in pseudodynamic testing are examined. It is shown that the implicit algorithm is superior to explicit integration algorithms in terms of experimental error amplification. The influence of systematic experimental errors is studied and methods for controlling these errors are examined. In spite of the fact that the implicit algorithm is unconditionally stable, it is shown that the integration time interval in a pseudodynamic test is limited by the calibration range of the electronic hardware as well as the degree of participation of the higher modes. Furthermore, the tolerance for experimental errors decreases as the integration time interval increases.
Viscoelastic effects during loading play an integral role in soft tissue mechanics

Viscoelastic relaxation during tensioning is an intrinsic protective mechanism of biological soft tissues. However, current viscoelastic characterization methodologies for these tissues either negate this important behavior or provide correction methods that are severely restricted to a specific viscoelastic formulation and/or assume an a priori (linear) strain ramp history. In order to address these shortcomings, we present a novel finite ramp time correction method for stress relaxation experiments (to incorporate relaxation manifested during loading) that is independent of a specific viscoelastic formulation and can accommodate an arbitrary strain ramp history. We demonstrate transferability of our correction method between viscoelastic formulations by applying it to quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) and fully nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equations. The errors associated with currently accepted methodologies for QLV and fully nonlinear viscoelastic formulations are elucidated. Our correction method is validated by demonstrating the ability of its fitted parameters to predict an independent cyclic experiment across multiple strain amplitudes and frequencies. The results presented herein: (i) indicate that our correction method significantly reduces the errors associated with previous methodologies; and (ii) demonstrate the necessity for the use of a fully nonlinear viscoelastic formulation, which incorporates relaxation manifested during loading, to model the viscoelastic behavior of biological soft tissues.
Threshold Level Laser Ablation of Yba2Cu3Ox+6 at 351 nm, 248 nm, and 193 nm: Ejected Product Population and Kinetic Energy Distributions

Using a sintered Yba2Cu3Ox+6 wafer in high vacuum, we have measured the photo-ejected products and kinetic energies at selected UV laser wavelengths (351 nm, 248 nm, and 193 nm) where the laser fluence is maintained near product formation threshold. At these fluences, we are well below the above surface plasma formation threshold and do not detect; any evidence for surface melting. Our results show that, for a specific laser wavelength, both the ion and the neutral mass spectrum agree. The measured spectrum shows that the photablated products consist only of atomic and diatomic species. In addition, the oxygen is bound only to the yttrium and barium. Our measurements further show that, for a specific ejected species, the yield is dependent on both the laser fluence and wavelength. However, the measured KE distribution is independent of the laser fluence for fluences near threshold. The species are ejected with mean KE between 6–9 eV and no species has kinetic energy in excess of 13 eV Our results imply that for UV laser threshold fluence ablation, the excitation/desorption process is nonthermal.
Relationship between carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty acid synthesis in lean and obese subjects

We previously reported that a eucaloric, low fat, liquid formula diet enriched in simple carbohydrate markedly increased the synthesis of fatty acids in lean volunteers. To examine the diet sensitivity of obese subjects, 7 obese and 12 lean volunteers were given two eucaloric low fat solid food diets enriched in simple sugars for 2 weeks each in a random-order, cross-over design (10% fat, 75% carbohydrate vs. 30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, ratio of sugar to starch 60:40). The fatty acid compositions of both diets were matched to the composition of each subject's adipose tissue and fatty acid synthesis measured by the method of linoleate dilution in plasma VLDL triglyceride. In all subjects, the maximum % de novo synthesized fatty acids in VLDL triglyceride 3;-9 h after the last meal was higher on the 10% versus the 30% fat diet. There was no significant difference between the dietary effects on lean (43+/-13 vs. 12+/-13%) and obese (37+/-15 vs. 6+/-6%) subjects, despite 2-fold elevated levels of insulin and reduced glucagon levels in the obese. Similar results were obtained for de novo palmitate synthesis in VLDL triglyceride measured by mass isotopomer distribution analysis after infusion of [(13)C]acetate. On the 10% fat diet, plasma triglycerides (fasting and 24 h) were increased and correlated with fatty acid synthesis. Triglycerides were higher when fatty acid synthesis was constantly elevated rather than having diurnal variation.Thus, eucaloric, solid food diets which are very low in fat and high in simple sugars markedly stimulate fatty acid synthesis from carbohydrate, and plasma triglycerides increase in proportion to the amount of fatty acid synthesis. However, this dietary effect is not related to body mass index, insulin, or glucagon levels.