cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Longevity in Drosophila

In his seminal essay, “The Duration of Life,” August Weismann in 1891 posed a most perplexing question: “How is it that individuals are endowed with the power of living long in such various degrees?” As if in partial reply, he later suggested that, “in answering the question as to the means by which lengthening or shortening of life is brought about, our first appeal must be to the process of natural selection.” Today, with a century’s worth of hindsight available, we recognize that Weismann was correct in concept, although wrong in detail. The duration of life appears to be the resultant of both intrinsic and extrinsic, of genetic and environmental factors. That much seems certain. Our grasp of the detailed mechanisms involved, however, seems much less secure. In large part, our uncertainty stems from the lack of a commonly accepted theoretical paradigm of aging. History shows, however, that progress is possible even in the midst of uncertainty. Accordingly, the goal of this paper will be to demonstrate that a careful following of the lead provided by Weismann has allowed us to use selection procedures to create an animal model with which we can empirically define some of the specific factors involved in controlling the duration of life in Drosophila melanogaster.
Partition of Cells in Two-Polymer Aqueous Phases: A Surface Affinity Method for Cell Separation

This chapter describes a highly sensitive and versatile method for the separation and subfractionation of cell populations based on a variety of surface properties (e.g., surface charge, membrane lipid composition, presence of specific receptors). Furthermore, subtle changes in membrane surface properties can be traced that occur as a function of normalin vivo processes (i.e., differentiation, maturation, age) or in vitro treatments.
Essential serum trace metals: II. Determination of copper and zinc

Abstract Several complexing ligands for copper and zinc were tested for their feasibility as analytical reagents. Of these, tetraethylthiuram disulfide and its analog, bis (1-piperi-dylthiocarbonyl) disulfide were selected for copper with some advantages determined to accrue to each. Two others, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and 1-[(5-chloro-2-pyridyl) azo]-2-naphthol were selected for zinc with the preference given to the former for stability of color formed and accessibility of the reagent although the chloro analog is inherently the more sensitive of the two reagents. For those who do not have atomic absorption spectrophotometry at their disposal, the molecular absorption approach still appears to be an excellent one with good selectivity for the two metals described.
Markers Useful in Detecting Metastatic Disease

Metastases to the skin are encountered with some frequency in diagnostic dermatopathology. They occur in from 0.7–9% of all patients with cancer (1). In many cases, there is a known primary site for the metastatic lesion. In these cases, routine histologic sections may provide enough evidence to label a metastatic tumor as likely arising from the known primary source. In some cases, however, routine sections may not be diagnostic, or the source of the primary neoplasm may not be known.
MULTILEVEL DATA ANALYSIS: A DISCUSSION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multilevel data analysis. The use of hierarchical models for analyzing data collected at several levels is not a novel idea. Procedures based on these models have been used in the context of random and mixed effects experimental design models, random coefficient regression models, and Bayesian estimation. The novelty of this approach stems partly from the ingenuity and care with which the hierarchical model must be formulated; in the experimental design and random coefficients models, the modeling process is, for all practical purposes, automatic. The exception is the Bayesian approach to estimation in the linear model where, in principle, careful thought must be given to the specification of priors. While the concept of slopes as outcomes was appealing and had great potential for modeling and explaining educational outcomes, the lack of adequate procedures for the estimation of parameters hindered its immediate acceptance and widespread use.
Implementing RightsStatements.org at the University of Miami Libraries

INTRODUCTION Library digital collections have historically contained unstandardized and often inadequate information regarding copyright status in the item-level metadata. The development of RightsStatements.org, international recommendations for describing rights status, provides an opportunity for libraries to improve their rights metadata and educate users about copyright for digital objects. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM This paper reports on a two-year project at the University of Miami Libraries to implement RightsStatements.org. Two librarians, who did not previously have a background in copyright issues, performed a copyright analysis of all 58,000 objects in the libraries' digital collections and developed workflows for updating rights metadata. Workflows for developing new digital projects were also updated to incorporate rights considerations more comprehensively throughout the process. CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS The copyright assessment project uncovered several challenges for analyzing the copyright status of digitized archival and special collections materials, including the need to periodically reevaluate materials as more content moves into the public domain in the United States. The project also reinforced the importance of risk management when planning digitization projects for online access. Project outcomes are discussed, as well as implications for other libraries considering implementing RightsStatements.org.
High Quality ATAC-Seq Data Recovered from Cryopreserved Breast Cell Lines and Tissue

DNA accessibility to transcription regulators varies between cells and modulates gene expression patterns. Several "open" chromatin profiling methods that provide valuable insight into the activity of these regulatory regions have been developed. However, their application to clinical samples has been limited despite the discovery that the Analysis of Transposase-Accessible Chromatin followed by sequencing (ATAC-seq) method can be performed using fewer cells than other techniques. Obtaining fresh rather than stored samples and a lack of adequate optimization and quality controls are major barriers to ATAC's clinical implementation. Here, we describe an optimized ATAC protocol in which we varied nuclear preparation conditions and transposase concentrations and applied rigorous quality control measures before testing fresh, flash frozen, and cryopreserved breast cells and tissue. We obtained high quality data from small cell number. Furthermore, the genomic distribution of sequencing reads, their enrichment at transcription start sites, and transcription factor footprint analyses were similar between cryopreserved and fresh samples. This updated method is applicable to clinical samples, including cells from fine needle aspiration and tissues obtained via core needle biopsy or surgery. Chromatin accessibility analysis using patient samples will greatly expand the range of translational research and personalized medicine by identification of clinically-relevant epigenetic features.
Alliance-Focused Formulation: A Work in Process

Abstract Patients with personality disorders present with difficulties in interpersonal functioning that can impact the development of the therapeutic alliance. By closely attending to the emergence of alliance ruptures, therapists can develop an alliance-focused process formulation that helps them to understand their patients' relational wishes and fears, and to identify ways in which the therapeutic relationship could provide a corrective experience for the patient. This chapter explores how the Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS: Eubanks, Muran, & Safran, 2018b) can serve as a useful tool for identifying both patient and therapist contributions to rupture and resolution processes in the session. The alliance-focused formulation method is applied to a case example of a patient diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder.
Scalable Electric Submeter Challenges for Electric Vehicle Charging; Low Level AC to DC Extreme Fast Charging for Commercial Vehicles

This document addresses the challenges in power/energy measurement for commercial dispensing of electricity as a fuel, using a scalable submeter designed to support a spectrum of charging system sizes and technologies. Certified accuracy measurement of delivered charging energy is required by nationwide, state enforced, weights and measures regulations for commercial EV charging transactions. Electric vehicle charging power is limited by available electrical distribution system infrastructure capacity and the rating or size of the electric vehicle battery system. A scalable submeter design can support light duty 3kW AC charging up to (work in progress)class 8 heavy duty electric vehicles delivering up to 1500vdc, 3000adc (4.5MW max). In simple terms, scalable from 120v to 1500v and with proper sensors from 30A to 3000A using the same submeter.
A real-time pressure wave model for knock prediction and control:

This article develops a control-oriented real-time zero-dimensional knock pressure wave model for spark-ignited engines based on the reaction-based two-zone combustion model developed earlier. This...
Effects of Expressive Writing on Neural Processing During Learning

Expressive writing about past negative events has been shown to lead to a slew of positive outcomes. However, little is known about why writing about something negative would have positive effects. While some have posited that telling a narrative of a past negative event or current anxiety "frees up" cognitive resources, allowing individuals to focus more on the task at hand, there is little neural evidence suggesting that expressive writing has an effect on cognitive load. Moreover, little is known about how individual differences in the content of expressive writing could affect neural processing and the cognitive benefits writing confers. In our experiment, we compared brain activity in a group that had engaged in expressive writing vs. a control group, during performance on a feedback-based paired-associate word-learning task. We found that across groups, differential activation in the dorsal striatum in response to positive vs. negative feedback significantly predicted better later memory. Moreover, writing about a past failure resulted in more activation relative to the control group during the learning task in the mid-cingulate cortex (MCC), an area of the brain crucial to processing negative emotion. While our results do not provide support for the assertion that expressive writing alters attentional processing, our findings suggest that choosing to write about particularly intense past negative experiences like a difficult past failure may have resulted in changes in neural activation during task processing.
Turning Consumers Green: From Green Marketing Myopia to Our 2020 Vision

Sustainability appears to be at a tipping point. Once a marginalized concept, fighting for attention, today thousands of the world's largest corporations and small businesses, national and local go...
Gender, Performance, and Self-Efficacy: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study

With chronic labor shortages in STEM-related industries, much research has focused on how to get more women and minorities interested in STEM careers. The most recent studies seem to indicate that ...
Boosting immune responses against early breast cancer

Pembrolizumab combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves therapeutic responses in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer.
Abstract TP377: Nurse Entered Stroke Order Sets Improve Emergency Department Metrics at a Comprehensive Stroke Center

Introduction: The Joint Commission has established time sensitive metrics for stroke care in the Emergency Department (ED) including door to initial physician evaluation, door to lab and CT order p...
Ionic liquids of superior thermal stability. Validation of PPh4+ as an organic cation of impressive thermodynamic durability

Recent work by Wasserscheid, et al. suggests that PPh4+ is an organic molecular ion of truly exceptional thermal stability. Herein we provide data that cements that conclusion: specifically, we show that aliphatic moieties of modified PPh4+-based cations incorporating methyl, methylene, or methine C–H bonds burn away at high temperatures in the presence of oxygen, forming CO, CO2, and water, leaving behind the parent ion PPh4+. The latter then undergoes no further reaction, at least below 425 °C.
Geometric Quantum Thermodynamics

Author(s): Anza, Fabio; Crutchfield, James P | Abstract: Building on parallels between geometric quantum mechanics and classical mechanics, we explore an alternative basis for quantum thermodynamics that exploits the differential geometry of the underlying state space. We develop both microcanonical and canonical ensembles, introducing continuous mixed states as distributions on the manifold of quantum states. We call out the experimental consequences for a gas of qudits. We define quantum heat and work in an intrinsic way, including single-trajectory work, and reformulate thermodynamic entropy in a way that accords with classical, quantum, and information-theoretic entropies. We give both the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics and Jarzynki's Fluctuation Theorem. The result is a more transparent physics, than conventionally available, in which the mathematical structure and physical intuitions underlying classical and quantum dynamics are seen to be closely aligned.
Make Athletes Pay More Again: An Analysis of Jock Tax Issues following the 2017 U.S. Tax Reform

In 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) was signed into law. Considered the largest tax overhaul in three decades, TCJA reduced federal individual and corporate income tax rates and doubled the s...
Serum citrullinated histone H3 concentrations differentiate patients with septic verses non-septic shock and correlate with disease severity

Microbial infection stimulates neutrophil/macrophage/monocyte extracellular trap formation, which leads to the release of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4. Understanding these molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of septic shock will be an important next step for developing novel diagnostic and treatment modalities. We sought to determine the expression of CitH3 in patients with septic shock, and to correlate CitH3 levels with PAD2/PAD4 and clinically relevant outcomes. Levels of CitH3 were measured in serum samples of 160 critically ill patients with septic and non-septic shock, and healthy volunteers. Analyses of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were conducted. Levels of circulating CitH3 at enrollment were significantly increased in septic shock patients (n = 102) compared to patients hospitalized with non-infectious shock (NIC) (n = 32, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (95% CI) for distinguishing septic shock from NIC using CitH3 was 0.76 (0.65–0.86). CitH3 was positively correlated with PAD2 and PAD4 concentrations and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores [total score (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001)]. The serum levels of CitH3 at 24 h (p < 0.01) and 48 h (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the septic patients that did not survive. CitH3 is increased in patients with septic shock. Its serum concentrations correlate with disease severity and prognosis, which may yield vital insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis.
This Issue: Black Women’s Work: Exploring Pipelines, Pedagogies, Policies, and Practices

This issue of Theory into Practice is devoted to the urgent and powerful work of Black women educators. More specifically, the authors in this issue focus on the pipelines, pedagogies, policies, an...
A Usability Analysis on the Development of Caregiver Assessment Using Serious Gaming Technology (CAST) Version 2.0: A Research Update

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased isolation of caregivers making the development of an in-home assessment tool timely. This study examined the usability of the Caregiver Assessment using Serious ...
Persuasive AI Voice-Assisted Technologies to Motivate and Encourage Physical Activity

Lack of physical activity (PA) is one major contributor to the high prevalence of modern-day chronic diseases. In this study, we design and implement an interactive PA motivation program for older adults (65+) and people with chronic conditions by adapting a commercially available artificial intelligence voice-assisted (AIVA) application and activity tracker (Alexa/Echo Show/Fitbit). Customized features are founded on persuasive technology theory and techniques- and evidence-based PA programs. A pilot study with four older adults for 5 days demonstrated moderate to good usability, learnability, satisfaction, and performance and key-persuasive techniques that enhance user experience and goal achievement. The study provides a tested model for PA behavior change using AIVA for feedback, education, and motivational guidance.
Moving Pediatric Complex Care Forward: Big Data and National Research Collaborations

* Abbreviations: CMC — : children with medical complexity NI — : neurologic impairment NSQIP — : National Surgical Quality Improvement Program The growing population of children with medical complexity (CMC), especially those with neurologic impairment (NI), is increasingly the focus of researchers, clinician leaders, and policy makers.1 In this issue of Pediatrics , Mpody et al2 add to this emerging literature base by clearly demonstrating that NI, a common health condition among CMC, is strongly associated with postoperative pneumonia. Using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), the authors confirm what most pediatricians learn during training: compared with children without underlying neurologic comorbidities, children with NI are at significantly higher risk for developing pneumonia and experiencing prolonged hospitalizations after a surgical procedure.3 This study raises important questions, some of which are noted by the authors. For example, which specific clinical characteristics put children with cerebral palsy or neuromuscular disorders at increased risk for postoperative pneumonia, and which ones are protective? Among children with NI, which surgical procedures are associated with the highest risk of postoperative complications? How do other postoperative outcome metrics (eg, 30-day rehospitalization rate) differ by NI status? Answering these questions will improve … Address correspondence to Justin Yu, MD, MS, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Faculty Pavilion, Suite 3110, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15224. E-mail: yuja{at}upmc.edu
Eigenvalue Solution to Steady-State Boltzmann Equation

We show that a basis of orthogonal Hermite polynomials can be used in the recently developed eigenvalue method [1] for solving the Boltzmann equation. A small number of basis functions is sufficient to well represent the distribution function. Calculated velocity-field characteristics at electric field strengths less than 7 kV/cm agree well with experimentally measured values in GaAs.
Searching for the Right Balance? Managing Foreign Policy Decisions under Eisenhower and Kennedy

Foreign policy decision making during a U.S. presidential administration's tenure in office is dynamic. The evolution model of decision making suggests that Presidents will use three structures to make decisions: a formal interagency process, and informal process based in a small group of senior advisers, and a confidence–based process where the President seeks often-private advice from the advisers he trusts the most. This essay goes beyond the evolution model by focusing on how Presidents and their senior advisers continually re-evaluate decision making, often concluding that the process needs major restructuring. Pressures to change are typically institutional; however, whether meaningful changes in the process are actually implemented depends on the President's idiosyncratic decision style. Case studies of Eisenhower (a preference for a formal style) and Kennedy (a preference for an informal style) illustrate how both men contemplated significant changes in their decision making process, but neither c...
Lymph node biophysical remodeling is associated with melanoma lymphatic drainage

Tissue remodeling is a characteristic of many solid tumor malignancies including melanoma. By virtue of tumor lymphatic transport, remodeling pathways active within the local tumor microenvironment have the potential to be operational within lymph nodes (LNs) draining the tumor interstitium. Here, we show that lymphatic drainage from murine B16 melanomas in syngeneic, immune-competent C57Bl/6 mice is associated with LN enlargement as well as nonuniform increases in bulk tissue elasticity and viscoelasticity, as measured by the response of whole LNs to compression. These remodeling responses, which quickly manifest in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) after tumor inoculation and before apparent metastasis, were accompanied by changes in matrix composition, including up to 3-fold increases in the abundance of soluble collagen and hyaluronic acid. Intranodal pressures were also significantly increased in TDLNs (+1 cmH2O) relative to both non-tumor-draining LNs (−1 cmH2O) and LNs from naive animals (−1 to 2 ...
Competitive Bidding: The Probability of Winning

Current competitive bidding strategy models are reviewed critically with emphasis placed on similarities and differences between methods of valuating projects and between methods used to assess the probabilities of winning with different bids. A contractor's 3-yr bidding experience is analyzed. It is shown that a contractor does not, in general, have data of sufficient quantity and quality needed to use current bidding models. The validity of the use of classical single variable statistical analysis procedures is questioned.
Molecular Astronomy at Submillimeter Wavelengths

The difficulties of making astronomical observations in the submillimeter spectrum are described in detail. Receiver technology and atmospheric absorption provide the biggest challenge. Techniques of overcoming these problems are discussed and some initial astronomical results are illustrated.
Column Instability under Weight and Follower Loads

In this article, the interaction between two types of forces, causing instability of a vertically cantilevered column, is studied. These forces are the conservative force of the column’s own weight, and a nonconservative distributed follower force. The effect of the weight on the flutter instability of the column, and of the follower force on its buckling instability, are examined. It is shown that: (1) the inclusion of the column’s weight lowers the flutter load; (2) it is possible to destabilize certain columns, ordinarily stable under their own weights, by the addition of sufficiently large tensile followers; (3) it is possible to stabilize a column, ordinarily unstable under its own weight, by the addition of sufficiently large compressive followers.
Semi-supervised Collaborative Text Classification

Most text categorization methods require text content of documents that is often difficult to obtain. We consider "Collaborative Text Categorization", where each document is represented by the feedback from a large number of users. Our study focuses on the semi-supervised case in which one key challenge is that a significant number of users have not rated any labeled document. To address this problem, we examine several semi-supervised learning methods and our empirical study shows that collaborative text categorization is more effective than content-based text categorization and the manifold regularization is more effective than other state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning methods.
A “Histodilutional Barrier” Formed in Gastric Mucosa by VEGF Pretreatment Protects Ethanol-Induced Hemorrhagic Gastric Erosions in Rats

Since VEGF increases vascular permeability (VP), we tested the hypothesis that it might create a perivascular “histodilutional barrier”, like histamine, hence delay the absorption of damaging chemi...
Microgenesis in Making Sense of Oneself: Constructive Recycling of Personality Inventory Items

Qualitative Forschung in den Sozialwissenschaften ist nicht ein neuer Trend, sondern ein realistischer (Wieder-) Einsatz von Methoden, mit denen die Passung zwischen der Qualitat der erforschten Phanomene mit den von ihnen abgeleiteten Daten erreicht werden soll. Viele Methoden sind bereits fur ein solches "intellektuelles Recycling" vorhanden; damit ist die De-Quantifizierung und Wiederverwendung der ursprunglichen Items mit neuen Funktionen moglich. In unserem Beitrag beschreiben wir den produktiven Gebrauch von klassischen, standardisierten Forschungsmethoden uber Personlichkeit durch deren systematische De- Quantifizierung. Das Resultat ist ein neuer Gebrauch originarer Items als bedeutungsbildende Ausloser in einer Studie zu Selbstbeobachtungsprozessen. Wir zeigen, wie der qualitative Gebrauch von ausgewahlten NEO-PI-R Aussagen es ermoglicht, die spezifische Art zu ermitteln, in der Personen ihre Eigenschaften auffassen. Es wird dargestellt, wie individuell Bezuge zwischen den NEO-PI-R Aussagen und dem ganzheitlich wahrgenommenen Selbst hergestellt werden. Die Entwicklungstradition der Ganzheitspsychologie, d.h. der Gebrauch aktualgenetischer Techniken, wird kurz in ihrer Bedeutung fur qualitative Forschungspraktiken zusammengefasst. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0501113
The Aging Pancreas: Effects of Aging on Insulin Secretion and Action

The sections in this article are: 1 Age and Body Composition 2 Association of Age to Fasting Glucose and Insulin 3 Insulin Action (Animal Studies) 3.1 Maturation and Glucose Transport 3.2 GLUT-4 and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase 4 Insulin Action (Human Studies) 4.1 Abdominal Obesity and Free Fatty Acids 4.2 Blood Flow 4.3 Physical Activity 4.4 Effects of Diet 5 Insulin Secretion 5.1 Pancreatic Morphology 5.2 Insulin Secretion and Free Fatty Acids 5.3 Relationship with Circulating Glucose and Age 5.4 Glucose Clamp Studies 6 Insulin Clearance 7 Insulin Secretion at The Organ, Islet and Single-Cell Level 7.1 Insulin Secretion In Situ 7.2 Insulin Secretion from Isolated Islets of Langerhans 7.3 Insulin Secretion from Single Beta Cells 7.4 Insulin Genes 7.5 Single Cell Secretion 8 Glucagon 9 Pancreatic Polypeptide 10 Amylin 11 Somatostatin 12 Conclusion
Oxidative stress and overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Substantial evidence supports the hypothesis that oxygen free radicals are involved in various neurodegenerative disorders. To assess the presence of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) we examined the activity of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in red blood cells, the levels of the mitochondrial inducible enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA in lymphocytes, and the total radical-trapping antioxidant capacity (TRAP) in plasma of AD patients and in a group of age-matched non-demented controls. We found that CuZnSOD activity (P<0.01 vs. controls) was significantly increased as well as the MnSOD mRNA levels while the total antioxidant status (P<0.001 vs. controls) was decreased in AD patients. These findings support the role of oxidative alterations in the pathogenetic mechanism underlying AD neurodegeneration.
LEFTY, a Member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily, Inhibits Uterine Stromal Cell Differentiation: A Novel Autocrine Role

LEFTY is expressed in normal endometrium in cells that decidualize. To understand the importance of this expression, we have studied the effect of LEFTY on decidualization in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of human uterine fibroblast (HuF) cells to recombinant LEFTY blocked the induction of the decidual differentiation-specific marker genes, IGFBP1 (IGF-binding protein 1) and PRL (prolactin) in response to medroxyprogesterone acetate, estradiol, and prostaglandin E2. The inhibitory effect was associated with decreased induction of the transcription factors ETS1 and FOXO1, both of which are essential for decidualization. Overexpression of LEFTY in decidualized HuF cells with an adenovirus that transduced LEFTY caused a marked decrease in IGFBP1 secretion, and withdrawal of medroxyprogesterone acetate from decidualized cells resulted in a decrease in IGFBP1 secretion and an increase in LEFTY expression. Moreover, overexpression of LEFTY in decidualized cells reprogrammed the cells to a less differentiated stat...
Sensory Blockade for Difficult Passage of Transesophageal Echocardiography Probes

During transesophageal echocardiography probe passage, airway reflexes are usually obtunded with topical local anesthetics. This technique meets with varying degrees of success. Even partially intact airway reflexes result in coughing, retching, and withdrawal, which may prevent transesophageal echocardiography examination or predispose to life-threatening tachycardia and hypertension. Proper preparation of the patient enhances comfort and helps protect against tachycardia and hypertension as well as reducing the time required for examination. This article outlines specific monitoring issues and offers precautions that are critical to transesophageal echocardiography probe passage. It suggests a premedication regimen and describes methods of sedation. Furthermore, it outlines the afferent innervation of the upper airway and specific techniques of temporary reflex interruption.
An interpretation of the top-quark mass in terms of a proton mass doublet in general relativity

The recent experimental discovery of the «top quark» reveals it to have a mass of (199±20) GeV. The data is interpreted as a fractionally charged quark, within the Standard Model. This interpretation is consistent in the experimentation with the predictions of various channels of decay of the colliding particles \(p\bar p \to t\bar t\), yielding as final, observed particles the leptons e± and μ±. This paper proposes an alternative interpretation of these data in terms of the mass doublets in general relativity, predicted by this author's theory. It was found earlier in this theory that e± and μ± would be the end products of the \(p\bar p\) interaction, and that the «heavy electron» of the electron mass doublet has all of the physical properties of the muon, and that the heavy-proton component of the proton doublet has a mass that is 193 GeV. The latter is in agreement with the measured top-quark in general relativity and the quark theory in QCD is that the heavy proton has integral charge, while that of the quark is a fractional value. The direct measurement of the charge of t could then settle the difference between these two theories.
Second messenger regulation of mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in immortalized mouse hypothalamic GT1–3 cells

Using a transgenic mouse derived GnRH expressing neuronal cell line, GT1–3, we studied the effects of activation of cAMP, Ca2+ and protein kinase C pathways by forskolin, ionomycin and the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), respectively, upon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, cellular peptide content, mRNA and RNA primary transcript levels. Forskolin, ionomycin and phorbol ester all caused an increase in GnRH secretion in GT1–3 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner during a short-term (1 h) static incubation. Prolonged treatment with forskolin (10 μM), ionomycin (1 μM) and PMA (10 nM) for 12 or 24 h resulted in significant decreases in GnRH mRNA levels. Time-course studies showed that the increases in GnRH secretion stimulated by forskolin, ionomycin and PMA were gradually attenuated over time in parallel with the decreases in mRNA expression. In contrast, there were only small and variable changes in the GnRH cellular content. Studies using a GnRH antagonist (100 μM) suggested that the released GnRH has a negative feedback effect on its own secretion. However, co-incubation with the GnRH antagonist did not alter the inhibitory effects on GnRH mRNA levels by the secretagogues. Further studies on the transcriptional effects of forskolin, ionomycin and PMA on GnRH gene expression in GT1–3 cells revealed that all three secretagogues suppressed GnRH RNA primary transcript levels, with forskolin having a slower time course of action. Thus, the inhibition of cytoplasmic GnRH mRNA, and presumably its synthesis, after 12–24 h of secretagogue treatment may be due at least in part to a suppression of GnRH gene transcription. While activation of all three types of second messenger systems lead to a decrease in GnRH gene expression suggesting some common link in the regulatory pathway, the temporal and quantitative differences between them suggest that each second messenger pathway may be functioning differently to achieve the same result.
Integrating Public Health And Community Development To Tackle Neighborhood Distress And Promote Well-Being

Recently there have been calls for public health to reconnect to urban planning in ways that emphasize the impact of place on health and that address fundamental causes of poor health, such as poverty, social inequality, and discrimination. Community developers have realized that poor health limits individuals’ and communities’ economic potential and have begun to integrate into their work such neighborhood health issues as access to fresh food and open space. In this article we review recent shifts in the community development field and give examples of programs that operate at the intersection of community development, public health, and civic engagement. For example, in Sacramento, California, the Building Healthy Communities program successfully promoted the creation of community gardens and bike paths and the redevelopment of brownfields. A major housing revitalization initiative in San Francisco, California, known as Sunnydale-Velasco, is transforming the city’s largest public housing site into a mi...
Intraoperative demonstration of coronary collateral flow using myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.

Abstract The extent of coronary collateral vessels and their significance are controversial issues. 1 The controversy regarding collaterals in man is related, to a large extent, to the lack of an appropriate method to assess collateral function in vivo. The most frequently used technique of assessing collateral blood vessels is coronary angiography. This technique, however, can only detect vessels >100 to 200 μ in diameter. 1 It has been shown in animals, particularly dogs, that most of the collateral vessels are 1 Furthermore, the angiographic assessment of collateral vessels is unrelated to the functional capacity of these channels. 1 Myocardial contrast echocardiography is a new technique capable of demonstrating myocardial perfusion in humans. 2 This technique uses the intracoronary or intraaortic injection of microbubbles of air. The size of these microbubbles is similar to that of red blood cells, as is their intravascular rheology. 3 The appearance of these microbubbles within regions of the myocardium remote from the site of injection should, therefore, reflect collateral flow. This technique has been shown to demonstrate collateral flow in dogs. 4
Branching of sensory axons in the dorsal root and evidence for the absence of dorsal root efferent fibers

The present study demonstrates that there are more dorsal root axons than dorsal root ganglion cells in the L6-S1 dorsal roots of the rat. The excess fibers do not come from aberrant dorsal root ganglion cells and our control procedures indicate that there are no extraneous fibers in these dorsal roots. Accordingly many dorsal root axons must branch in the dorsal root.
Graphemic, Phonetic, and Associative Factors in the Verbal Behavior of Deaf and Hearing Subjects

The performance of deaf and hearing high school subjects was compared on several tasks designed to assess relevant cues in the decoding of words. Deaf subjects tended to use graphemic cues more tha...
Long-term outcomes in chronically hospitalized geriatric patients with schizophrenia: Retrospective comparison of first generation and second generation antipsychotics ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Introduction Some groups have reported the longitudinal course of elderly poor outcome schizophrenic patients to be characterized by progressive decline in cognitive functions and functional capacity. Although many of these patients experience minimal reduction of psychotic symptoms, there may be beneficial effects of antipsychotic treatments on cognitive functions and functional capacity. Methods This naturalistic study compared the longitudinal course of psychotic symptoms, cognitive functions and functional impairment in geriatric schizophrenic patients treated with first generation ( N = 97) or second generation ( N = 78) antipsychotic medications. Mixed effects linear regression analyses were used to examine the effects of treatment (first generation vs. second generation antipsychotic), time and treatment × time. Results Cognitive functions (Mini Mental State Examination time effect estimate = − .41, p p p Conclusion This long-term naturalistic study of poor outcome geriatric patients with schizophrenia did not find atypical antipsychotics to produce any differential protective effect relative to typical antipsychotics on the long-term manifestations of symptoms, cognition and self-care in poor outcome geriatric schizophrenic patients.
Modeling Abundance Index Data from Anuran Calling Surveys

: Evaluation of anuran populations is commonly based on calling surveys that report categorical abundance index data. I present a statistical model for abundance index data that are observations representing ordered abundance classes (e.g., none, some, many). The proposed model provides a formal treatment of detection probability, factors that affect detection, and variation in abundance. The model can be viewed as a generalization of that proposed by MacKenzie et al. (2002) for estimating site-occupancy rates in that it allows for more than two abundance classes. Because the abundance distribution is characterized by multiple abundance classes, it may be more sensitive to subtle changes in the underlying abundance that may go undetected with simple occupancy estimates under which sites are characterized merely as occupied or not. The method is most immediately applicable to surveys of anurans in which index data related to the intensity of calling activity are collected. I applied the proposed method to calling index data from the green frog ( Rana clamitans) collected as part of the North American Amphibian Monitoring Program. The best model indicated considerable variation in detectability over time and in response to temperature. The resulting adjusted (for detectability) abundance-state distribution demonstrates the negative bias in abundance state obtained from simplistic summaries of calling index data that disregard these sources of variation in detectability. Resumen: La evaluacion de poblaciones anuros se basa comunmente en muestreos de llamados que reportan datos de indices de abundancia categorica. Presento un modelo estadistico para datos de indices de abundancia que son observaciones que representan clases de abundancia ordenadas (e.g., ninguno, algunos, muchos). El modelo propuesto proporciona un tratamiento formal de la probabilidad de deteccion, factores que afectan la deteccion y variacion en abundancia. El modelo puede verse como una generalizacion de la propuesta deMacKenzie et al. (2002)para estimar tasas de ocupacion ya que permite mas de dos clases de abundancia. Debido a que la distribucion de abundancia se caracteriza por multiples clases de abundancia, puede ser mas sensible a cambios sutiles en la abundancia subyacente que pueden ser no detectados mediante estimaciones de ocupacion simples en los que se caracteriza a los sitios meramente como ocupados o no. El metodo es mas aplicable en lo inmediato a muestreos de anuros en los que se colectan datos de indices relacionados con la intensidad de la actividad vocalizadora. Aplique el metodo propuesto a datos de llamados de la rana verde (Rana clamitans) recolectados como parte del Programa Norte Americano de Monitoreo de Anfibios. El mejor modelo indico una variacion considerable en la detectabilidad con el tiempo y en la respuesta a la temperatura. La distribucion de abundancia ajustada (para detectabilidad) resultante demuestra el sesgo negativo en la abundancia obtenida de recopilaciones simplistas de datos de indices de llamados que pasan por alto estas fuentes de variacion en la detectabilidad.
Aristotle’s Difficult Relationship With Modern Economic Theory

This paper reviews Aristotle’s problematic relationship with modern economic theory. It argues that in terms of value and income distribution theory, Aristotle should probably be seen as a precursor to neither classical nor neoclassical economic thought. Indeed, there are strong arguments to be made that Aristotle’s views are completely at odds with all modern economic theory, since, among other things, he was not necessarily concerned with flexible market prices, opposed the use of money to acquire more money, and did not think that the unintended consequences of human activity were generally beneficial. The paper argues however, that this interpretation goes too far. The Benthamite neoclassical theory of choice can be seen as a dumbing down of Aristotle’s theory, applicable to animals, not humans. Adam Smith and Karl Marx were deeply influenced by Aristotle’s work and both started their main economic works with Aristotle: Smith ultimately rejecting, and Marx ultimately developing Aristotle’s views of the use of money to acquire more money. Possibilities for the future development of a new Aristotelian Economics are explored.
Should physicians use the updated Partin tables to predict pathologic stage in patients with prostate cancer

Should physicians use the updated Partin tables to predict pathologic stage in patients with prostate cancer?
DYNAMIC MONITORING OF GLUCAGON SECRETION FROM LIVING CELLS ON A MICROFLUIDIC CHIP

A rapid microfluidic based capillary electrophoresis immunoassay (CEIA) was developed for on-line monitoring of glucagon secretion from pancreatic islets of Langerhans. In the device, a cell chamber containing living islets was perfused with buffers containing either high or low glucose concentration. Perfusate was continuously sampled by electroosmosis through a separate channel on the chip. The perfusate was mixed on-line with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled glucagon (FITC-glucagon) and monoclonal anti-glucagon antibody. To minimize sample dilution, the on-chip mixing ratio of sampled perfusate to reagents was maximized by allowing reagents to only be added by diffusion. Every 6 s, the reaction mixture was injected onto a 1.5-cm separation channel where free FITC-glucagon and the FITC-glucagon-antibody complex were separated under an electric field of 700 V cm(-1). The immunoassay had a detection limit of 1 nM. Groups of islets were quantitatively monitored for changes in glucagon secretion as the glucose concentration was decreased from 15 to 1 mM in the perfusate revealing a pulse of glucagon secretion during a step change. The highly automated system should be enable studies of the regulation of glucagon and its potential role in diabetes and obesity. The method also further demonstrates the potential of rapid CEIA on microfluidic systems for monitoring cellular function.
Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis: a review.

Objectives The facet joints (FJ) can be a potentially important source of symptoms because of the high level of mobility and load forces, especially in the lumbar area. We reviewed the anatomy, biomechanics, and possible sources of pain of the FJ, natural history, and risk factors of lumbar FJ osteoarthritis and briefly reviewed the relevant imaging methods. Methods PubMed and MEDLINE databases (1950-2006) were searched for the key words "facet joints," "zygapophyseal joints," "osteoarthritis," "low back pain," and "spondyloarthritis." All relevant articles in English were reviewed. Pertinent secondary references were also retrieved. Results The FJ play an important role in load transmission; they provide a posterior load-bearing helper, stabilizing the motion segment in flexion and extension and also restricting axial rotation. The capsule of the FJ, subchondral bone, and synovium are richly innervated and can be a potential source of the low back pain. Degenerative changes in the FJ comprise cartilage degradation that leads to the formation of focal and then diffuse erosions with joint space narrowing, and sclerosis of the subchondral bone. Because the most prominent changes occur in bone, the best method of evaluation of the FJ is computed tomography. Risk factors for lumbar FJ osteoarthritis include advanced age, relatively more sagittal orientation of the FJ, and a background of intervertebral disk degeneration. Conclusions An up-to-date knowledge of this subject can be helpful in the development of diagnostic techniques and in the prevention of lumbar FJ osteoarthritis and low back pain and can assist in the determination of future research goals.
Aeromechanics and Control of Projectile Roll Using Coupled Simulation Techniques

This paper describes a computational study to understand the roll behavior of a canard-controlled projectile. Numerical simulations were performed for this projectile with roll control maneuvers using advanced computational fluid dynamics and coupled aerodynamics/rigid-body dynamics techniques. Roll control algorithms were formulated based on aerodynamic model assessment and parameter estimation. Coupled techniques were validated against wind tunnel experiments for roll control maneuvers. Overall, computed roll control results matched well with the wind tunnel data, indicating that the coupled calculations capture the relevant physics observed in the experiment. This study demonstrates that relatively simple aerodynamic models can be used to represent complex aerodynamic phenomena for these configurations at Mach 0.49. Additionally, roll controllers with favorable performance over a wide range of conditions can be designed based on these models of the aeromechanics.
Compressive Wireless Data Transmissions under Channel Perturbation

Compressed sensing (CS) technique has attracted a lot of recent research interests in mathematics and signal processing fields. Literature studies often exploit CS at the receiver side to sub-sample the receiving signals to reduce the sampling rate and processing overhead. It would be of great benefit if it is possible to exploit CS at the transmitter side to reduce the redundancy of the data before transmission to conserve precious wireless bandwidth. Different from receiver-side subsampling, the sub-sampled transmitting data may be perturbed by the dynamics of wireless channels and experience higher overall noise. In this paper, we propose a set of mechanisms to enable compressive wireless data transmissions. Specifically, we investigate the impacts of imperfect channel equalization on the data reconstruction, and propose a comprehensive signal recovery algorithm to cope with the perturbations introduced by wireless channels. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed schemes can effectively reduce the effects of dynamic wireless channels on the data reconstruction and maintain the performance comparable to that of traditional communication scheme which does not apply CS to compress data. This indicates that it is promising to exploit CS to reduce the communication data thus bandwidth requirement. Transmission data reduction can complement existing efforts of improving wireless channel capacity to support the quick growth of wireless applications.