cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Papaverine upon Ectopic Ventricular Tachycardia Produced by Myocardial Infarction

Papaverine hydrochloride exhibited some ectopic impulse suppressor effect which was brief in duration and could not be maintained. Additional doses led to toxic reactions including increased ectopic activity. No consistent correlation was found between changes in blood pressure and decreases or increases in ectopic frequency. Vasodilator potency of drugs apparently bears no intimate relation to ectopic impulse suppressor effect.
Centipede systematics: progress and problems*

Breakthroughs in centipede systematics over the past 25 years have included: a stable morphology-based cladogram for ordinal interrelationships that is largely congruent with well-sampled nuclear ribosomal genes; the discovery of mid Palaeozoic crown-group fossils, including Silurian-Devonian stem-group Scutigeromorpha and an extinct order in the Middle Devonian; and, a web-based catalogue of all centipede species globally. Challenges include species delimitation in several groups, conflict between different kinds of molecular data (nuclear coding genes versus ribosomal genes), the inter-familial relationships and classification of the Geophilomorpha in particular, and effecting a synthesis between microanatomical studies of selected ‘model’ species and dense taxonomic sampling in numerical phylogenetic analyses.
The epoch of reionization in the Rh = ct universe

The measured properties of the epoch of reionization (EoR) show that reionization probably began around z ~ 12-15 and ended by z=6. In addition, a careful analysis of the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background indicate a scattering optical depth tau ~ 0.066+/-0.012 through the EoR. In the context of LCDM, galaxies at intermediate redshifts and dwarf galaxies at higher redshifts now appear to be the principal sources of UV ionizing radiation, but only for an inferred (ionizing) escape fraction f_ion ~ 0.2, which is in tension with other observations that suggest a value as small as ~ 0.05. In this paper, we examine how reionization might have progressed in the alternative Friedmann-Robertson Walker cosmology known as the R_h=ct Universe, and determine the value of f_ion required with this different rate of expansion. We find that R_h=ct accounts quite well for the currently known properties of the EoR, as long as its fractional baryon density falls within the reasonable range 0.026 < Omega_b < 0.037. This model can also fit the EoR data with f_ion ~ 0.05, but only if the Lyman continuum photon production is highly efficient and Omega_b ~ 0.037. These results are still preliminary, however, given their reliance on a particular form of the star-formation rate density, which is still uncertain at very high redshifts. It will also be helpful to reconsider the EoR in R_h=ct when complete structure formation models become available.
Developing building performance in the comprehensive design studio

Building performance metrics such as those used to evaluate energy consumption, light levels and temperature are often used by architects and owners to assess environmental parameters that affect the function, comfort and economics of building designs. A majority of architects in practice rely on collaboration and recommendations from design professionals, in specialized technical fields, such as mechanical engineers, lighting designers and acousticians to help develop efficient and effective architectural solutions to meet the required technical demands. This collaboration and coordination positions the architect as ageneralist who shepherds all of the disparate and broad-ranging aspects of the project towards a common design vision. To be effective at this task presumes the architect is knowledgeable and experienced enough in the project’s quantitative and qualitative design parameters to balance the positives and negatives of the many factors and to not only lead the project towards a common goal but to help maximize its potential. It is this exact juncture between technical and artistic design which often is the crux of the comprehensive design studio in architectural education.This paper examines pedagogical research in building performance analysis that supports qualitative design objectives. This paper proposes that one of the difficulties that students and designers have in technical integration stems from a lack of iterative design opportunities requiring relevant technical analysis in studio. To explore this proposition the author reviewed pertinent literature in the design of technical design curriculum and surveyed instructors and students in building technology courses and design studios. The results of this research suggest that when studio requirements in the comprehensive design studio are mapped closely with technical objectives initiated in the building technology courses, students have a greater likelihood of developing long-term skills and confidence in technical design integration.
catena-Poly[[(6,7,9,10,17,18,20,21-octa-hydro-5,8,11,16,19,22-hexa-oxadibenzo[a,j]cyclo-octa-decene)barium]-di-μ-thio-cyanato-[thio-cyanato-diaurate(I)(Au-Au)]-μ-thio-cyanato].

In the title compound, [Au2Ba(NCS)4(C20H24O6)]n, the dithio­­cyanato­aurate(I) anion adopts a dimeric structure with an Au⋯Au distance of 3.1109 (10) A; both AuI atoms are also bonded to two S atoms. The BaII ion adopts an irregular BaN3O6 geometry, arising from the crown ether and three adjacent thio­cyanate N atoms; the extended structure of the complex can be described as a one-dimensional coordination polymer generated by the Ba⋯N inter­actions (two on the endo side and one on the exo side of the crown ether) running parallel to the b axis, with an anti­parallel arrangement of ribbons in the unit cell.
CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF SUPERFLUID 4HE IN AEROGEL

We report Monte Carlo studies of the critical behavior of superfluid {sup 4}He in the presence of quenched disorder with long-range fractal correlations. Modeling aerogel as an incipient percolating cluster in 3D and weakening the bonds at the fractal sites, {ital XY}-model simulations demonstrate an increase in the superfluid density exponent {zeta} from 0.67{plus_minus}0.005 for the pure case to an apparent value of 0.722{plus_minus}0.005 in the presence of the fractal disorder, provided that the helium correlation length does not exceed the fractal correlation length.
Case 2: Ankle Pain, Swelling, and Fever after Trauma in a 15-year-old Boy

1. Kristina Adachi, MD* 2. Colin L. Robinson, MD, MPH* 3. Nava Yeganeh, MD, MPH* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. A 15-year-old previously healthy boy presents with 9 days of left ankle pain and 4 days of fever. He had sustained an ankle inversion injury from basketball and 4 days later was diagnosed with an ankle sprain. Six days after the initial injury, he again went to the emergency department with increasing ankle pain and low-grade fevers but was discharged following normal findings on radiographic evaluation. After 3 days of increasing ankle pain, swelling, redness, and fevers, he is admitted to our facility. On admission, he is noted to be febrile (38.3°C [100.9°F]) with tachycardia (heart rate 135 beats/min). Physical examination of his left lateral malleolus reveals a 3 × 3-cm area of necrotic-appearing skin and a 7 ×7-cm area of fluctuance with spontaneous, clear drainage (Figure). The erythema, warmth, swelling, and tenderness extend from his lateral malleolus to his mid-tibia. Figure. Erythematous, bullous, and necrotic-appearing skin over the left lateral malleolus. Laboratory studies demonstrate leukocytosis with a white blood cell count of 22,000 cells/μL (22 × 109/L) with 89% neutrophils and elevated inflammatory markers with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of greater than 100 mm/hr and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 24.4 mg/dL (2323.9 nmol/L). Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates a diffuse abnormal distal tibial marrow …
Aldose reductase inhibition improves nerve conduction velocity in diabetic patients.

Abstract To assess the potential role of polyol-pathway activity in diabetic neuropathy, we measured the effects of sorbinil — a potent inhibitor of the key polyol-pathway enzyme aldose reductase — on nerve conduction velocity in 39 stable diabetics in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. During nine weeks of treatment with sorbinil (250 mg per day), nerve conduction velocity was greater than during a nine-week placebo period for all three nerves tested: the peroneal motor nerve (mean increase [±S.E.M.], 0.70±0.24 m per second, P<0.008), the median motor nerve (mean increase, 0.66±0.27, P<0.005), and the median sensory nerve (mean increase, 1.16±0.50, P<0.035). Conduction velocity for all three nerves declined significantly within three weeks after cessation of the drug. These effects of sorbinil were not related to glycemic control, which was constant during the study. Although the effect of sorbinil in improving nerve conduction velocity in diabetics was small, the findings suggest that polyol-...
Differentiation of Host-Seeking Behavior from Blood-Feeding Behavior in Overwintering Culex Pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and Observations on Gonotrophic Dissociation

Host-seeking behavior was differentiated from blood-feeding behavior in overwintering Culex pipiens by comparing engorgement rates in mosquitoes given access to a host in small (0.24-1) and large (3.8-1) chambers. The large chamber requires that most mosquitoes display host-seeking behavior before contacting the host, whereas the small chamber assures such contact by some mosquitoes that are not in a host-seeking mode. Data accumulated in this manner indicate that blood feeding by diapausing Cx. pipiens is rare at simulated late summer and early autumn photophases, even when warmed at 25 °C, unless the host-seeking step is bypassed by placing the mosquitoes near a host. If the host-seeking step is bypassed, some diapausing Cx. pipiens can be induced to feed and some of these may undergo gonotrophic dissociation when incubated at 15 °C and a short photophase during blood meal digestion. However, such feeding followed by gonotrophic dissociation cannot be assumed to occur in nature because host seeking is an essential element in the stepwise series of events preceding blood feeding.
A feasibility study to determine if minimally trained medical students can identify markers of chronic parasitic infection using bedside ultrasound in rural Tanzania

Parasitic infections pose a significant health risk in developing nations and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Republic of Tanzania, the CDC estimates that 51.5% of the population is infected with one or more intestinal parasites. If diagnosed early, the consequences of chronic parasitic infection can potentially be avoided.Six first-year medical students were recruited to enroll patients in the study. They underwent ten hours of formal, hands-on, ultrasound which included basic cardiac, hepatobiliary, renal, pulmonary and FAST scan ultrasound. A World Health Organization protocol with published grading scales was adapted and used to assess for pathology in each patient's liver, bladder, kidneys, and spleen.A total of 59 patients were enrolled in the study. Students reported a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% for the presence of a dome shaped bladder, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for bladder thickening, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for portal hypertension and ascites. The sensitivity was 81% with a specificity of 100% for presence of portal vein distention. The sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 90% for dilated bowel.Ultrasound has shown a promise at helping to identify pathology in rural communities with limited resources such as Tanzania. Our data suggest that minimally trained first year medical students are able to perform basic ultrasound scans that can identify ultrasonographic markers of parasitic infections.
What Are Climate Scientists to Do

The campaign to discredit predictions of man-made global warming—originally organized by readily identifiable vested interests—has by now recruited a large popular constituency of declared “skeptics” increasingly disposed to “take a stand”: some of them opposed to government regulation in general, some resistant to any claims to intellectual authority (perhaps especially scientific), and some mobilized by a version of the right to individual freedom of opinion. As a result, confidence in the expertise of scientists has reached an all time low: Internet sites, radio talk shows, and television channels preferentially transmit “contrarian” attacks on the credibility of climate scientists. Even our most responsible newspapers and journals, in their very commitment to the traditional ethic of “balance,” sometimes contribute to the widespread misimpression that climate scientists are deeply divided about both the extent of the dangers we face and the relevance of human activity to global warming. Not knowing who or what to believe, the natural response for most people is to do nothing, and the consequence, as Thomas Homer-Dixon wrote last year for the New York Times: “Climate policy is gridlocked, and there’s virtually no chance of a breakthrough” (2010). Meanwhile, as evidence both of the role of human contributions to global warming and the dangers of that warming continues to mount, consensus among climate scientists grows ever stronger, and those of us who attend to that evidence are increasingly alarmed.
Economic diversity, unemployment and the Great Recession

Abstract We revisit the relationship between economic diversity and unemployment in light of the economic shock of the Great Recession. Using U.S. county data we test the overall effect of increased industrial diversity on county level unemployment. Allowing for structured spatial spillovers across counties we find evidence supporting the notion that economic diversity within a given county is associated with lower levels of unemployment across all years of this analysis (2007–2014), while the diversity of neighboring counties was only associated with decreased unemployment at the height of the Great Recession. This spatial spillover effect was responsible for turning the overall marginal effect of diversity on unemployment significant for the period representing the height of the Great Recession and the early recovery period (2009–2011). These results suggest that it is the economic diversity of one’s neighbors that provides an unemployment buffer in times of economic downturns. This spatial spillover effect represents a novel finding and it is hypothesized that diversity of one’s neighbors plays an important role in assisting in the search for employment in response to an economic shock.
Competition and investment in on-demand networking technology

Modern on-demand networking technologies (e.g., WiFi-Direct) improve users' networking experiences (e.g., enable them to connect to any WiFi enabled devices). Manufactures of wireless devices may choose to provide these technologies to make their products more appealing and charge a higher price. The perceived benefits from these technologies depend on how many other users are in the network, which we refer to as “positive network effect”. In this paper, we study such a scenario and develop a price-competition based model for the market, where device manufacturers may choose to invest in on-demand technology with positive network effect and consumers choose whether to participate in the market and which manufacturer to buy from. While the positive network effect can give some firms a competitive advantage, leading to a monopolistic market outcome, we show that market equilibrium always exists and the social welfare is larger when the network effect is strong enough. This is because although only the “best” firms have positive market shares at equilibrium, competition from other firms limits the best firms' actions. For a case study of linear demand and network effects, we have analytical characterizations of the equilibrium and show that competition drives firms to invest more on technology and set lower prices at equilibrium, which improves equilibrium social welfare. Numerical studies suggest that these observations may hold in more general settings.
Mechanical pretreatment of cellulose pulp to produce cellulose nanofibrils using a dry grinding method

Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are typically produced via wet milling pretreatment method to facilitate efficient disintegration of cellulose fibers by pre-fibrillation and fiber size reduction. However, the use of high energy and presence of water during wet milling methods leads to the increase in overall energy consumption during CNFs production and pose challenges during storage and handling. The objective of this study is to investigate the dry grinding of cellulose fluff pulp using the shear cutting method to determine the specific energy required to produce cellulose precursors and their characteristics for manufacturing CNFs. The specific energy required to grind cellulose fluff pulp with a screen size of 0.25 mm in three cycles was measured. The ground sample received after each cycle was sampled to characterize its properties and its potential to produce CNF hydrogels. As the number of grinding cycles increased, the specific energy required per cycle decreased with an overall net energy consumption of 894 kWh/Mg for three grinding cycles. The cellulose powder from the third grinding cycle was successfully disintegrated into cellulose nanofibrils with an average diameter of 119 nm without any fiber clogging. In conclusion, the three-cycle shear cutting process was sufficient to produce dry cellulose precursors for CNFs production, while reducing the overall energy consumption and handling and storage problems.
Discoid Resection of Rectosigmoid Endometriotic Nodules

Abstract Study Objective To show various techniques to perform laparoscopic anterior discoid resection of rectosigmoid endometriotic nodules. Design A step-by-step explanation of the techniques using video with narration (educational video). Setting Segmental bowel resection and reanastomosis are treatment options for larger rectosigmoid endometriotic nodules. However, laparoscopic anterior discoid resection of rectosigmoid endometriotic nodules is feasible and potentially less morbid in the appropriate candidate. Detailed knowledge of the avascular planes of the pelvis, particularly the pararectal and rectovaginal spaces, is crucial when approaching these nodules, which may initially present within an obliterated posterior cul-de-sac. Resection begins with determination of the nodule size followed by enucleation of the nodule itself. A 2-layer closure with barbed suture is then performed using a rectal probe as a template. Our institution previously demonstrated that barbed suture is safe to use in bowel repair and did not result in major complications [1] . An air leak test assesses the integrity of the repair and may be completed with air insufflation or with a methylene blue or povidone-iodine enema. With larger nodules, a V-shaped closure may be necessary. The patients provided consent to use images and videos of the procedure. Institutional review board approval was not required for this procedure. Interventions Laparoscopic anterior discoid resection of a rectosigmoid endometriotic nodule. Conclusion Laparoscopic anterior discoid resection avoids the need for segmental bowel resection and reanastomosis. Barbed suture is a safe option for 2-layer bowel closure [1] .
An integral equation scheme for plasma based thin sheets

An integral equation formulation for a thin dielectric sheet is presented using the surface equivalence theorem. The advantageous properties of plasma waves, chief among them surface wave propagation are briefly discussed. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the scattering properties of the sheet with different material properties.
‘The Feel of Not to Feel It’: The Life of Non-sensation in Keats

Throughout his writing, Keats evinces a double consciousness as a trained medical student, at the top of his class at the Borough Medical School, and as a poet concerned with states of perception. In both cases, he evinces an obsessive concern with the oxymoronic life of non-sensation. In his medical praxis, Keats was confronted with various stages of paralysis as well as what one of his teachers defined as apparent death. As a poet, Keats depicts an entire medical ward of paralytics in the fallen titans of Hyperion, and he begins a lifelong exploration of suspended animation as a mental state in ‘To My Brother George’ and ‘Sleep and Poetry’ in the 1817 volume. The reverie of those poems, however, is increasingly focused, in Endymion, the ‘Hyperion’ poems and ‘La Belle Dame‘, on psychological inanition. With the Odes, finally, Keats explores an oxymoronic universe in which life and death are conceptually intertwined, as they would have been throughout Keats's medical experience.
Nanocrystalline Iron Monosulfides Near Stoichiometry.

Solids composed of iron and sulfur are earth abundant and nontoxic, and can exhibit interesting and technologically important optical, electronic, and magnetic phenomena. However, the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) phase diagram is congested in regions of slight non-stoichiometric iron vacancies, and even when the iron atomic composition changes by even a few percent at standard temperature and pressure, there are myriad stable crystal phases that form with qualitatively different electronic properties. Here, we synthesized and characterized nanocrystals of the pyrrhotite-4M structure (Fe7S8) in an anhydrous oleylamine solvent. Upon heating from 140 °C to 180 °C, the solid sequentially transformed into two kinetically trapped FeS intermediate phases before reaching the pyrrhotite-4M final product. Finally, we assessed the effects of iron vacancies using the stoichiometric end-member, troilite, as a reference system. Density functional theory calculations show that iron vacancies in troilite shift the structure from hexagonal FeS to a monoclinic structure, similar to crystal structures of pyrrhotites, and suggest that this iron deficient troilite may be a stable intermediate between the two crystal structures. The calculations predict that defects also close the band gap in iron deficient troilite.
Appendix A: Indicial Notation

Lagrangian dynamics and the various variants in use (Hamilton’s equations, Kane’s equations, the method of quasicoordinates and the Kane-Hamilton synthesis introduced in this text) use abstract vector spaces (for example configuration space and state space). These are K dimensional vector spaces with length defined as the square root of the dot product of a vector with itself. Two vectors are perpendicular (or orthogonal) if their dot product is zero. The dot product is defined as one would expect by analogy to the dot product for ordinary vectors: the product of the first pair of components, plus the product of the second pair of components and so on out until all K pairs of components have been multiplied and added. Ordinary vector notation, either classical or in the context of linear algebra does not suffice for everything one wants to do, so I will introduce an indicial notation closely related to that of tensor analysis. It will not be tensor analysis, but the reader familiar with tensors will find much that is familiar in this appendix.
Primate Communication: Evolution

Primate vocal communication is one of our few links to understanding the evolution of human speech and its underlying physiological bases. Because the important parts of speech production and perception (the vocal tract and the brain) do not fossilize, our insights into the origins of human communication will occur primarily through an understanding of how related living species produce and perceive their species-typical vocalizations. Given that the brain is the primary organ of these behaviors, nonhuman primates are the only model systems through which we can directly monitor the activity of single neurons and neural ensembles that mediate vocal behavior.
Result integrity verification of outsourced frequent itemset mining

The data-mining-as-a-service (DMaS) paradigm enables the data owner (client) that lacks expertise or computational resources to outsource its mining tasks to a third-party service provider (server). Outsourcing, however, raises a serious security issue: how can the client of weak computational power verify that the server returned correct mining result? In this paper, we focus on the problem of frequent itemset mining, and propose efficient and practical probabilistic verification approaches to check whether the server has returned correct and complete frequent itemsets.
Common Errors Associated with Miniaturized Chromatography

Miniaturized chromatography systems have been used over the years with few problems; yet it is imperative that a standard procedure be scrupulously followed. Variation in proper radiochromatographic technique can result in false radiopurity estimations. The two most frequent causes of these errors are simple procedural mistakes: (1) counting the strips too close to the gamma scintillation detector, thus exceeding count rate capabilities; and (2) spotting the origin below the initial solvent level in developing vials. Improper technique can result in large overestimations of impurity levels in Tc-99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Expanding reversible chalcogenide binding: supramolecular receptors for the hydroselenide (HSe − ) anion

Synthetic supramolecular receptors have been widely used to study reversible solution binding of anions; however, few systems target highly-reactive species. In particular, the hydrochalcogenide anions hydrosulfide (HS−) and hydroselenide (HSe−) have been largely overlooked despite their critical roles in biological systems. Herein we present the first example of reversible HSe− binding in two distinct synthetic supramolecular receptors, using hydrogen bonds from N–H and aromatic C–H moieties. The arylethynyl bisurea scaffold 1tBu achieved a binding affinity of 460 ± 50 M−1 for HSe− in 10% DMSO-d6/CD3CN, whereas the tripodal-based receptor 2CF3 achieved a binding affinity of 290 ± 50 M−1 in CD3CN. Association constants were also measured for HS−, Cl−, and Br−, and both receptors favored binding of smaller, more basic anions. These studies contribute to a better understanding of chalcogenide hydrogen bonding and provide insights into further development of probes for the reversible binding, and potential quantification, of HSe− and HS−.
Anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy augments lenvatinib's efficacy by favorably altering the immune microenvironment of murine anaplastic thyroid cancer

Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have an extremely poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy with surgery and chemoradiation. Lenvatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as well as checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death pathway, have proven effective in some patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Combination of these therapies is a potential means to boost effectiveness and minimize treatment resistance in ATC. We utilized our novel immunocompetent murine model of orthotopic ATC to demonstrate that lenvatinib led to significant tumor shrinkage and increased survival, while combination therapy led to dramatic improvements in both. Lenvatinib monotherapy increased tumor-infiltrating macrophages, CD8+ T-cells, regulatory T-cells, and most notably, polymorphonuclear myeloid derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). While both combination therapies led to further increases in CD8+ T-cells, only the lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 combination decreased PMN-MDSCs. PMN-MDSC expansion was also seen in the blood of mice and one patient receiving lenvatinib therapy for ATC. RNA-Seq of the ATC cell line used in our mouse model demonstrated that lenvatinib has multifaceted effects on angiogenesis, response to hypoxia, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and on multiple pathways implicated in inflammation and host immunity. Combination of lenvatinib with anti-Gr-1 antibody ameliorated lenvatinib's expansion of MDSCs and significantly improved lenvatinib's anti-tumor effect. These data suggest that MDSCs play a negative role in ATC's response to lenvatinib and support future study of their role as a potential biomarker and treatment target.
Volterra-series approach to stochastic nonlinear dynamics: The Duffing oscillator driven by white noise

The Duffing oscillator is a paradigm of bistable oscillatory motion in physics, engineering, and biology. Time series of such oscillations are often observed experimentally in a nonlinear system excited by a spontaneously fluctuating force. One is then interested in estimating effective parameter values of the stochastic Duffing model from these observations---a task that has not yielded to simple means of analysis. To this end we derive theoretical formulas for the statistics of the Duffing oscillator's time series. Expanding on our analytical results, we introduce methods of statistical inference for the parameter values of the stochastic Duffing model. By applying our method to time series from stochastic simulations, we accurately reconstruct the underlying Duffing oscillator. This approach is quite straightforward---similar techniques are used with linear Langevin models---and can be applied to time series of bistable oscillations that are frequently observed in experiments.
Synthesis of stable isotope-labeled chloroquine and amodiaquine and their metabolites.

Anti-malaria drugs chloroquine and amodiaquine and their metabolites were synthesized to incorporate 13 C and 15 N starting from U-13 C-labeled benzene to give M + 7 isotopomers. Chloroquine and its metabolites were prepared from 7-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-one through an aryl substitution with the corresponding amines; and the amodiaquine and its metabolites were prepared from 4,7-dichloroquinoline in a similar fashion.
Computational modeling for climate change: Simulating and visualizing a resilient landscape architecture design approach:

Coastlines are changing, wildfires are raging, cities are getting hotter, and spatial designers are charged with the task of designing to mitigate these unknowns. This research examines computation...
Outcomes in Specialist Rehabilitation Medicine and their impact of waiting times

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is defined as any sudden damage to the brain occurring during a person’s lifetime and not as a consequence of birth trauma. Between stroke and traumatic brain injury alone, it is estimated that between 17,000 and 19,000 people in Ireland will suffer an acquired brain injury each year, many of whom will require specialist neurorehabilitation (SNR). A growing demand for SNR in the absence of the development of specialist services has resulted in a considerable waiting list for admission to rehabilitation. A retrospective database analysis was conducted on 421 patients admitted to inpatients specialist neuro-rehabilitation over a two-year period from January 2015 to December 2016. Patients were categorised into three groups according to the length of time waiting for admission; 0-59 days, 60-119 days and ≥120 days. The groups were assessed for differences between admission and discharge and differences between groups for the following outcomes measures: UK FIM+FAM, Barthel Index (BI), Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and discharge destination. All patients showed a statistically significant improvement in functional ability between admission and discharge. No significant differences were found between the three groups for FIM+FAM or BI. A statistically significant difference was found between groups for the DRS and for discharge destination. There are a number of possible reasons for the non-statistical difference in outcomes between groups with different waiting times. These include the type and application of outcome measures, the statistical analysis used and the apparent pattern of admissions which identified ‘a ‘profile’ of patients within each group.
“Being on the Other Side of the Table”: A Qualitative Study of a Community-Based Science Learning Program With Latinx Families:

Building upon a Freirean notion of dialogic education, the purpose of this multi-case study was to explore what happened when secondary science teachers came together with Latinx parents for their ...
2011 Curt Stern Award address.

I first want to thank the nominators and the Society for this wonderful award. It is an honor and more than a bit humbling to be in the company of the previous winners.
Protesting with the ballot: Diffusion of methods of electoral protest in Spain

Abstract This paper shows the pattern of diffusion of a tool of protest – blank and null voting (BNV)– in the context of Spanish national elections. It shows how the 2004 protest mobilization by Batasuna (a Basque nationalist party) predicts null voting by identifying the relationship of this form of protest with both the level of grievance of the population and the political resources of the mobilizers. The paper then demonstrates that this large and visible use of a protest tactic is followed by a heterogeneous diffusion process after the main mobilized protest event and beyond the supporters of the original mobilizer. In the 2008 national election, across Spain, citizens with grievances toward the political system and, most importantly, with political affinity with the initiators were the ones to update their individual protest repertoire with this electoral protest tool.
14 – Analytical Procedures

Publisher Summary This chapter describes vertical analysis as the process of determining what percent of a total is represented by each individual amount. In the vertical analysis of assets on a balance sheet, each individual asset will be the percentage, while total assets will be the base. Horizontal analysis denotes the comparison of two years. This is done for either comparative percents on the same item each year or for the rate of change from one year to the next. A third procedure for analyzing financial statements is to determine the ratios between various individual items on the statements and to then compare these with standard ratios. The purpose of the current ratio is to see if the assets in the current period would be enough to pay the liabilities due in the current period. The inventory turnover ratio is another good measure. It is the ratio of the goods sold during a period to the average inventory held during the period.
Cell-Penetrating Anti-Protein Kinase C Theta Antibodies Act Intracellularly to Generate Stable, Highly Suppressive Regulatory T Cells

Regulatory T cells maintain immunological tolerance and dampen inflammatory responses. Administering regulatory T cells can prevent the immune-mediated tissue destruction of graft-versus-host disease, which frequently accompanies hematopoietic stem cell transfer. Neutralizing the T cell-specific kinase, protein kinase C theta, which promotes T cell effector functions and represses regulatory T cell differentiation, augments regulatory T cell immunosuppression and stability. We used a synthetic, cell-penetrating peptide mimic to deliver antibodies recognizing protein kinase C theta into primary human CD4 T cells. When differentiated ex vivo into induced regulatory T cells, treated cells expressed elevated levels of the regulatory T cell transcriptional regulator forkhead box P3, the surface-bound immune checkpoint receptor programmed death receptor-1, and pro-inflammatory interferon gamma, previously ascribed to a specific population of stable, highly suppressive human induced regulatory T cells. The in vitro suppressive capacity of these induced regulatory T cells was 10-fold greater than that of T cells differentiated without antibody delivery. When administered at the time of graft-versus-host disease induction, using a humanized mouse model, antibody-treated regulatory T cells were superior to non-treated T cells in attenuating lethal outcomes. This antibody delivery approach may overcome obstacles currently encountered using patient-derived regulatory T cells as a cell-based therapy for immune modulation.
Influence of On-Off dynamics and selective attention on the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex

ABSTRACT Correlated activity fluctuations in neocortex influence sensory responses and behavior. Neural correlations reflect anatomical connectivity and change dynamically with cognitive states, such as attention. Yet, how anatomical connectivity and cognitive states define the population structure of correlations is not known. We measured correlations in single cortical columns and found that the magnitude of correlations, their attentional modulation and dependence on lateral distance are predicted by On-Off dynamics, synchronous fluctuations in population activity across cortical layers. We developed a network model, in which spatial connectivity correlates the On-Off dynamics across nearby columns. We show that attentional inputs modulate the spatial extent of On-Off dynamics, resulting in spatially non-uniform changes in correlations. We confirm this prediction in our columnar recordings by showing that attentional modulation of correlations depends on lateral distance. Our results reveal how heterogeneous spatial patterns of correlations arise from the connectivity and network dynamics during attention.
Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators

Topological insulators (TIs) house linearly-dispersing helical surface states. Electrons occupying these surfaces states are two-dimensional, massless, and can form Dirac plasmons. I will discuss the behavior of Dirac plasmons in TI single layers and heterostructures.
Politics, the Military, and the Space Force

This chapter examines how the politics of the United States and its military objectives have driven the research and technological advancement of airplanes, ballistic missiles, and outer space vehicles, even manned space exploration. The history of NACA and NASA is summarized. Introduced by President Trump in 2018, the Space Force is debated as a new independent military organization and an extension of previous military space organizations.
Appendicitis in an incisional hernia sac following renal transplantation: A case report and brief review of the literature.

Abstract Acute appendicitis is a surgical emergency. However, the presence of vermiform appendix in a hernial sac is rare. It is even rarer to find inflamed appendix in an hernial sac. The most common site is right groin hernia (Inguinal > Femoral). There is low incidence of an incisional hernia following renal transplantation, as compared to patients with laparotomy. Appendicitis in hernial sac masquerades clinical presentation of an incarcerated hernia. Computed tomography plays a pivotal role in early diagnosis, demonstrating a dilated appendix with wall thickening and peri-appendiceal fat stranding. Patients are managed with appendectomy. The management of appendiceal hernias without inflammation remains controversial, with few reported cases managed with hernia sac repair or appendectomy. In this report were described a case of appendicitis in an incisional hernia following renal transplantation which was managed with appendectomy.
Interactive Demonstrations and Hands-On Use of thenet.science Cyberinfrastructure for Network Science Chairs’ Welcome and Tutorial Summary

Networks are readily identifiable in many aspects of society: cellular telephone networks and social networks are two common examples. Networks are studied within many academic disciplines. Consequently, a large body of (open-source) software is being produced to perform computations on networks. A cyberinfrastructure for network science, called net.science, is being built to provide a computational platform and resource for both producers and consumers of networks and software tools. This tutorial is a hands-on demonstration of some of net.science’s features.
Operative Treatment of Severe Cervical Spine Injuries Sustained in Youth Sports: Experience from a Pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center over a 16-Year Period:

Background:Sports-related cervical spine injuries (CSI) are devastating traumas with the potential for permanent disability. There is a paucity of literature on operative CSI sustained in youth ath...
Greater Inclusion of Asian Americans in Aging Research on Family Caregiving for Better Understanding of Racial Health Inequities.

With the substantial demographic changes in racial composition in the United States since 1965, research on racial health inequities must move beyond the White-Black binary to assess the complex ways "race" affects health and aging. Considering variation in the prevalence and meanings of aging across racialized groups requires concerted efforts to expand and disaggregate samples. Aligned with the goals of the intersectionality framework, we argue that greater inclusion of Asian Americans is critical to advance both theoretical and methodological considerations that enable us to investigate the lived experiences of Asian Americans. Using caregiving as an example, we discuss how systemic, cultural, and interpersonal marginalization from racism and other oppressive systems intertwine with "race" to produce the race effects. Greater inclusion of Asian Americans helps further provide the opportunity to conceptualize culture as dynamic and interacting with structure to produce different racial patterns. Meaningful inclusion of Asian Americans in research requires more systemic effort to collect accurate, reliable, and quality data for Asian Americans that can be disaggregated by other important axes of stratification.
Regulation of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Alginate is arguably the best-characterized exopolysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and several excellent reviews have been written on the molecular biology of its production and clinical ramifications. This chapter reviews the transcriptional factor and posttranscriptional factor involved in controlling and inducing alginate production. The gene encoding the cognate histidine kinase for the response regulator AlgB is kinB (PA5484 on the PAO1 chromosome), located directly downstream of algB on the PAO1 chromosome. Deletion of mucR also affected other known cyclic dimeric-GMP (c-di-GMP) processes in P. aeruginosa, including swarming motility, biofilm formation, and alginate production. It additionally showed, through the use of lacZ and phoA fusions, that the predicted amino-terminal MHYT domain of MucR resides on the inner membrane. MHYT domains are proposed to bind O2, NO, or CO. A model for c-di-GMP regulation of alginate production was proposed whereby the guanylate cyclase of MucR is stimulated by a yet-to-be-identified signal, which binds to a predicted MHYT domain in the amino terminus of MucR. The current state of knowledge indicates that Psl and Pel are likely involved with the initial stages of biofilm development, whereas alginate is the stress response exopolysaccharide. The levels of alginate produced by newly generated MucA, MucB, MucC, or MucD mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and other nonmucoid clinical isolates (i.e., non-CF isolates) was found to be inversely related to biologically relevant concentrations (e.g., <5 to 100 μM) of iron present in the media used in this study.
Mathematics lesson study in the United States

Purpose – Teachers in the USA have been conducting lesson study for more than ten years since it was introduced from Japan in the late 1990s. Although interest in conducting lesson study in the USA is still strong and greater numbers of teachers have become involved in this professional learning, there are significant obstacles to conducting high quality and effective lesson study that enhances teachers’ content and pedagogical knowledge, as well as improving their instruction and student learning in classrooms. Because of the needs of improvement in lesson study in the USA, so it can be administered effectively and sustained, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the current status of lesson study in the USA, what high quality and effective lesson study is, and what ideas might be help to improve lesson study in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, issues that are common barriers to conducting effective lesson study, such as: US teachers’ misunderstanding or lack of understanding of les...
Oxygen isotopes in iron (III) oxides

Abstract Quartz (SiO 2 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) possess considerably different gram formula weights and different stoichiometric coefficients for their oxygen. These differences mean that the numerical values of SiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 compositions when reported as weight percent are not the same as the numerical values of X (O), i.e. oxygen in the mineral as a mole percent of the total oxygen in a binary quartz-hematite system. Consequently, end-member quartz and hematite δ 18 O-values which are determined from linear extrapolations of δ 18 O vs. weight percent Fe 2 O 3 data from binary mixtures can be in error by as much as several per mil. Extrapolation to end-member δ 18 O-values in binary quartz-hematite systems should always be performed using mole fraction of oxygen as the compositional variable. The hematite-water fractionation curve of Yapp and the quartz-water curve of Knauth and Epstein were used together with the kinetic isotope exchange model of Criss et al. to constrain the depositional environment of the Late Proterozoic quartz-hematite banded iron formation deposits of Urucum, Brazil. The depositional temperatures permitted by the model assumptions employed here range from 0° to ∼ 35°C (or 54°C). The permitted range of depositional water δ 18 O-values is from −6.6‰ (or −8.9‰) to 0.0‰. While the range of permitted depositional conditions is rather large, it does encompass the possible cool temperatures and brackish or fresh waters which are indicated by sedimentologic evidence in these deposits.
Perinatal management of a lingual teratoma

Background: Teratomas of the head and neck are rare and occur almost exclusively in neonates. Prenatal diagnosis of these tumors allows for a carefully planned delivery that maintains an open airway and potentially improves perinatal outcome. We report the perinatal management of a huge intrapharyngeal and intra-oral teratoma that had a broad connection to the base of the tongue. Case: An anterior neck mass (5 × 5 cm) in an otherwise normal-appearing fetus was detected at 19 weeks' gestation. The mass increased in size over the next 10 weeks to 8 × 6.8 × 4.3 cm. Marked fetal head deflexion was noted along with concomitant hydramnios. The mother had spontaneous rupture of membranes with preterm labor at 29 weeks' gestation. A 1860-g male neonate was delivered by classical cesarean delivery. A tracheostomy was performed in the delivery room for ventilation after the upper airway could not be accessed by bronchoscopy. Histologic examination after surgical excision confirmed a congenital teratoma with immature neuroectodermal tissue and alpha-fetoprotein-bearing endodermal sinus tumor components with exclusively polyvesicular vitelline characteristics. The origin of the pharyngeal mass was the base of the tongue. Conclusion: The prenatal diagnosis of a pharyngeal teratoma should prompt a careful delivery plan to optimize perinatal outcome.
Change and Adaptive Behavior in Organizations

This is an experience report that evolves into a survey of applicable theory that might be used for additional steps in the diffusion of artefacts into noncompetitive environments. The non-competitive environment in this case is county and local government in the United States. The particular case is the office of the County Register of Deeds/ Recorder, which has not seen a major change in the way business has been conducted since the 1950’s. The background of the decision to develop a document image processing system being is provided, and experiences in introducing this technology are discussed. There is a discussion of how business is conducted today, the barriers to adopting new technology, and how change management methods such as Kotter, Rogers, and Tushman and Romanelli apply. There is also a discussion of different models for characterizing culture such as Meyerson and Schein, and how these apply; theories of development and change such as Van de Ven and Poole, Zipf, and Davis, Bagozzi, and Warshaw; and the need for additional research in this area.