cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Public Interest in Nonsurgical Cosmetic Procedures Using Google Trends.

BACKGROUND Google Trends (GT) provides cost-free, customizable analyses of search traffic for specified terms entered into Google's search engine. GT may inform plastic surgery marketing decisions and resource allocation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine GT's utility in tracking and predicting public interest in nonsurgical cosmetic procedures and to examine trends over time of public interest in nonsurgical procedures. METHODS GT search volume for terms in 6 ASPS and ASAPS nonsurgical procedure categories (Botox injections, chemical peel, laser hair removal, laser skin resurfacing, microdermabrasion and soft tissue fillers [subcategories: collagen, fat, and hyaluronic acid]) were compared with ASPS and ASAPS case volumes for available dates between January 2004 and March 2019 with the use of univariate linear regression, taking P < 0.01 as the cutoff for significance. RESULTS Total search volume varied by search term within the United States and internationally. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated for 17 GT terms in all 6 ASPS and ASAPS categories: "Botox®," "collagen injections," "collagen lip injections" with both databases; and "chemical skin peel," "skin peel," "acne scar treatment," "CO2 laser treatment," "dermabrasion," "collagen injections," "collagen lip injections," "fat transfer," "hyaluronic acid fillers," "hyaluronic acid injection," "hyaluronic acid injections," "Juvederm®," and "fat transfer" with just 1 database. Many search terms were not significant, emphasizing the need for careful selection of search terms. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis further elaborates on recent characterization of GT as a powerful and intuitive data set for plastic surgeons, with the potential to accurately gauge global and national interest in topics and procedures related to nonsurgical cosmetic procedures.
Review of Literature To Understand Role of Pharmacy Professional in Health Management

Background: The mission of the pharmacy profession is to improve public health through ensuring safe, effective, and appropriate use of medications. Population health management (PHP) is a process wherein opportunities are identified to improve the quality of health care delivered and thereby, promote better health outcomes for patients. Rationale: As concept of PHP is extremely important in today’s context, it is helpful to integrate data related to pharmacist in population health management practices. Authors conducted a systematic review of the literature on role of pharmacist in population health management practices. Method: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on literature on role of pharmacist in population health management practices by searching, PubMed Medline database using the following combination of keywords – pharmacist, population health. Truncation was used to ensure retrieval of all possible variations of search terms. The search was limited to articles published between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2019, human studies and English language. Results: Initial search resulted in a total of 281 studies, title abstract review to remove irrelevant studies resulted in 256 studies. Yearly trend showed that number of publications are decreasing. Highest number of publications were from Europe (47; 18%) and 29 publications (11%) discussed role of pharmacist in population health management of subjects in the age group of 10 to 20 years. Twenty five publications mentioned health management was done in the community settings. Advice on the lifestyle was mentioned in 242 (96%) and 10 (4%) publications offered advice about drugs during the health management. Pharmacists played important roles in population health management for e.g. as care provider in exploring the challenges faced in clinics for management of Type 2 DM. Pharmacists played an important role in increasing the quality of life of patients. Discussion: Population health management concept has evolved steadily over the past few decades and is now contributing to the ‘patient care journey’ at all stages. There were 24 (9%) publications from India. Specially designed and implemented Pharm D program would play a major role in Indian health care system in future. This will give an opportunity to pharmacists to work more prominently in Indian health care system. Conclusion: Authors are of the opinion that this is the first review encompassing the topic of pharmacist and population health management in the global context. It is clear that there is a global trend of moving towards involvement of pharmacist in healthcare management. This enables pharmacists to assume an expanded role and at same time it necessitates reforms in pharmacy education and practice.
Inventory and Order System Development at PT.X

PT X is Indonesian cutting tools importer, which sells various kinds of cutting tools, such as Carbide End Mill and Reamer. This company is facing two problems. The first is inefficient order process. The second problem is inefficient inventory update, which takes about eight minutes. Logistic Manager double checks the product quantity by counting physical product, to make sure that the quantity is updated. This process affects both order and procurement process. The objective of this study is to propose a new system, which will be able to perform simpler business process and reduce completion time. Modified Waterfall Approach of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) was chosen, as it is suitable for well – understood processes, where doing overlapping phases is permitted. This study develops UML Diagrams, also medium and high-fidelity prototypes. User Interface Testing, (consists of learnability, error, memorability, and satisfaction measurement) was done to examine system performance. Result shows that the proposed system performs better than current system. The completion time of create order is reduced 27.51% to 3.11 minutes, availability check is reduced 75.99% to 2.3 minutes, incoming inventory update is reduced 99.67% to 7.69 seconds, and outgoing inventory update is reduced 94.95% to 12.46 seconds.
High Throughput Computational Mouse Genetic Analysis

Background: Genetic factors affecting multiple biomedical traits in mice have been identified when GWAS data, which measured responses in panels of inbred mouse strains, was analyzed using haplotype-based computational genetic mapping (HBCGM). Although this method was previously used to analyze one dataset at a time; but now, a vast amount of mouse phenotypic data is now publicly available, which could enable many more genetic discoveries. Results: HBCGM and a whole genome SNP map covering 43 inbred strains was used to analyze 8300 publicly available datasets of biomedical responses (1.52M individual datapoints) measured in panels of inbred mouse strains. As proof of concept, causative genetic factors affecting susceptibility for eye, metabolic and infectious diseases were identified when structured automated methods were used to analyze the output. One analysis identified a novel genetic effector mechanism; allelic differences within the mitochondrial targeting sequence affected the subcellular localization of a protein. We also found allelic differences within the mitochondrial targeting sequences of many murine and human proteins, and these could affect a wide range of biomedical phenotypes. Implications: These initial results indicate that genetic factors affecting biomedical responses could be identified through analysis of very large datasets, and they provide an early indication of how this type of 9augmented intelligence9 can facilitate genetic discovery. Abbreviations: cSNP, codon-changing SNP; GWAS, genome-wide association study; HBCGM, haplotype-based computational genetic mapping; MTS, Mitochondrial targeting sequence.
Experimental and modeling studies of PR and ND oxalate solubility to high ionic strengths: Insight into actinide(III) oxalates

Abstract Actinide oxalates are chemical compounds important to nuclear industry, ranging from actinide separation in waste reprocessing, to production of specialty actinides, and to disposal of high level nuclear waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF). In this study, the solubility constants for Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O by performing solubility experiments in HNO3 and mixtures of HNO3 and H2C2O4 at 23.0 ± 0.2 °C have been determined. The targeted starting materials, Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O, were successfully synthesized at room temperature using PrCl3, NdCl3 and oxalic acid as the source metrials. Then, we utilized the targeted solubility-controlling phases to conduct solubility measurements. There was no phase change over the entire periods of experiments, demonstrating that Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O were the solubility-controlling phases in our respective experiments. Based on our experimental data, we have developed a thermodynamic model for Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O in the mixtures of HNO3 and H2C2O4 to high ionic strengths. The model for Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O reproduces well the reported experimental data for Pu2(C2O4)3·10H2O, which are not utilized for the model development, demonstrating that Pr(III) is an excellent analog for Pu(III). Similarly, the model for Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O reproduces the solubility of Am2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Cm2(C2O4)3·10H2O. The Pitzer model was used for the calculation of activity coefficients. Based on the published, well established model for dissociation constants for oxalic acid and stability constants for actinide-oxalate complexes [i.e., AmC2O4+, and Am(C2O4)2−] to high ionic strengths, we have obtained the solubility constants (log10K0) for the following reactions at 25 °C, Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O ⇌ 2Pr3+ + 3C2O42− + 10H2O(l) Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O ⇌ 2Nd3+ + 3C2O42− + 10H2O(l) to be −30.82 ± 0.30 (2σ), and −31.14 ± 0.35 (2σ), respectively. These values can be directly applied to Pu2(C2O4)3·10H2O, Am2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Cm2(C2O4)3·10H2O. The model established for actinide oxalates by this study provides the needed knowledge with regard to solubilities of actinide/REE oxalates at various ionic strengths, and is expected to find applications in many fields, including the geological disposal of nuclear waste and the mobility of REE under the surface conditions, as Pr2(C2O4)3·10H2O and Nd2(C2O4)3·10H2O can be regarded as the pure Pr and Nd end-members of deveroite, a recently discovered natural REE oxalate with the following stoichiometry, (Ce1.01Nd0.33La0.32Pr0.11Y0.11Sm0.01Pb0.04U0.03Th0.01Ca0.04)2.01(C2O4)2.99·9.99H2O. Regarding its importance in the geological disposal of nuclear waste, Am2(C2O4)3·10H2O/Pu2(C2O4)3·10H2O/Cm2(C2O4)3·10H2O can be the source-term phase for actinides, as demonstrated by the instance in the disposal in clay/shale formations. This is exemplified by the stability of Am2(C2O4)3·10H2O in comparison with Am(OH)3(am), Am(OH)3(s) and AmCO3(OH)(s) under the relevant geological repository conditions.
Utility of True Fast Imaging with Steady-State Precession in Detecting Arachnoid Veils of the Posterior Fossa.

Introduction Arachnoid membranes are well recognized as a cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow impairment in disorders such as obstructive hydrocephalus and syringohydromyelia, but can be difficult to detect with standard noninvasive imaging techniques. True fast imaging with steady-state precession (TrueFISP) can exhibit brain pulsations and CSF dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this technique in the diagnosis and management of arachnoid membranes in the posterior fossa. Case presentations Three symptomatic children underwent cine TrueFISP imaging for suspicion of CSF membranous obstruction. Whereas standard imaging failed to or did not clearly visualize the site of an obstructive lesion, preoperative TrueFISP identified a membrane in all 3 cases. The membranes were confirmed intraoperatively, and postoperative TrueFISP helped verify adequate marsupialization and recommunication of CSF flow. Two out of the 3 cases showed a decrease in cerebellar tonsillar pulsatility following surgery. All children showed symptomatic improvement. Conclusion TrueFISP is able to detect pulsatile arachnoid membranes responsible for CSF outflow obstruction that are otherwise difficult to visualize using standard imaging techniques. We advocate use of this technology in pre- and postsurgical decision-making as it provides a more representative image of posterior fossa pathology and contributes to our understanding of CSF flow dynamics. There is potential to use this technology to establish prognostic biomarkers for disorders of CSF hydrodynamics.
A flexible customizable virtual escape room approach for interprofessional learners

Abstract While educational escape rooms are a novel way to stimulate collaboration and enhance team learning, this approach has only been described a few times in the health professions and interprofessional education literature and has tended to be resource intensive. In this report, we describe two educational escape rooms built using freely available technology and implemented with two different cohorts of interprofessional learners in large-scale courses of over 500 students. We sought to demonstrate that a screen-based or virtual escape room approach was feasible, flexible in terms of content and format, and engaging for learners collaborating in small group teams. Cohort 1 of students from the Interprofessional Quality Improvement and Patient Safety course included 510 students on 88 teams. The activity was completed in person as a tabletop exercise utilizing a shared computer. Most students indicated the exercise was worthwhile and posttest scores on a subset of measures of patient safety learning (APSQ-III) were significantly higher than retrospective pretest scores with moderate effect size. Cohort 2 included 523 students in the Foundations of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice course. This cohort completed the activity asynchronously and virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reactions were generally positive though limited in number. An interprofessional educational virtual escape room proved to be feasible and well-received across two different learner groups, two sets of content, and two modes for group collaboration: in person versus remote. Piloting this approach required only resources that are freely available online and a sustainable level of faculty engagement, enabling implementation at any program size. Similarly designed educational escape rooms may be a worthwhile approach for interprofessional educators across many instructional contexts hoping to increase student engagement and collaboration.
The stories of women, by women, married to male ministry leaders

This qualitative research study captured the narratives of women married to men in ministry leadership roles. Although much empirical research has been published on the effects of stress on men and...
The Howling of the Gods

It was so loud it was so quiet we didn't sleep we slept. We didn't dream. We dreamt of panthers and hatpins, orchids and ashbins. There was no moon; no moon was there Ever so magnificent. Even the dogs were mesmerized. Make that: the gods?even the gods were mesmerized. There were no dogs; no dogs were there. Even so, sleep was impossible? All that howling! We dreamt of panthers and hatpins, orchids and ashbins, Didn't we? No; and if we did, We weren't dreaming.
Dhana Hughes. Violence, Torture and Memory in Sri Lanka: Life After Terror

Dhana Hughes engages in ethnographic research by interviewing former insurgents and former counter-insurgency officers in Sri Lanka. She explores the memory of violence surrounding the Terror (Bhee...
The woman who wanted electroconvulsive therapy and do-not-resuscitate status: Questions of competence on a medical-psychiatry unit

Abstract A case involving an elderly woman suffering concurrently from serious psychiatric and medical illnesses is presented. Ethical considerations concerning her treatment on a medical-psychiatry unit are discussed with special attention to her requests for both electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status. The compatability of simultaneous requests for ECT and DNR is examined on three levels. The effect of depression upon competence to request and refuse treatment is analyzed. This case illustrates a conflict between medical and psychiatric treatment goals and ethical traditions which will become more common as psychiatrists treat older and more medically ill patients.
Effects of photoperiod and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced metabolic stress on immune function in female deer mice

Nontropical rodents may experience large fluctuations in both food availability and energetic demands. The energy required for thermoregulation is high during the winter when energy availability is usually low. Winter conditions can induce a state of energetic stress that elevates circulating glucocorticoid levels and compromises immune function. Exposure to short days enhances immune function; the adaptive function of short-day enhancement of immune function may be to counteract the effects of stress-induced immunocompromise. To examine the role of energy availability in immune function, female deer mice were housed in either long (16:8-h light-dark cycle) or short (8:16-h light-dark cycle) days for 8 wk and then injected with either saline or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog that inhibits cellular utilization of glucose and induces energetic stress. Long-day mice injected with 2-DG exhibited elevated corticosterone levels and reduced splenocyte proliferation compared with control mice. Short days buffered the animals against glucoprivation stress. Neither corticosterone levels nor splenocyte proliferation differed between 2-DG injected and control mice housed in short days. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that short days provide a buffer against metabolic stress.
Capsaicin receptor : TRPV1 a promiscuous TRP channel

TRPV1, the archetypal member of the vanilloid TRP family, was initially identified as the receptor for capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in hot chili peppers. The receptor has a diverse tissue distribution, with high expression in sensory neurons. TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel with significant permeability to calcium, protons, and large polyvalent cations. It is the most polymodal TRP channel, being activated by numerous stimuli, including heat, voltage, vanilloids, lipids, and protons/cations. TRPV1 acts as a molecular integrator of physical and chemical stimuli in peripheral nociceptor terminals and plays a critical role in thermal inflammatory hyperalgesia. In addition, TRPV1 may regulate a variety of physiological functions in different organ systems. Various second messenger systems regulate TRPV1 activity, predominantly by serine-threonine phosphorylation. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the information currently available about this channel.
Controls on palagonitization versus pedogenic weathering of basaltic tephra: Evidence from the consolidation and geochemistry of the Keanakako'i Ash Member, Kilauea Volcano

[1] On the summit of Kilauea Volcano, incipient palagonitization and consolidation of vitric tephras from the 90% of the carbon is mantle derived. We hypothesize that the palagonitized zones may denote the location of fossil steam vents, similar to active vents exposed along circumferential faults on both the north and the south sides of the Kilauea Caldera. Elsewhere, Keanakako'i tephras are weathering into pedogenic products that closely reflect modern environmental conditions. Under acidic soil conditions (pH <6.0), tephra is undergoing dissolution, with the development of opaline crusts on outcrop faces. Under more neutral soil pH (6.5–7.8), the pedogenic products reflect the degree of desilication of tephra mitigated by leaching: dominantly smectite where mean annual rainfall is <50 cm/yr and dominantly kaolinite, allophane, and/or imogolite where rainfall exceeds 250 cm/yr.
Communication as a Distinct Mode of Explanation Makes a Difference

Carey, J.W. (2009). Communication as culture. Essays on media and society. New York: Routledge. Condit, C. (2009). You can’t study and improve communication with a telescope. Communication Monographs, 76, 3 12. Craig, R. (1999). Communication theory as a field. Communication Theory, 9, 119 161. Deetz, S.A. (1994). Future of the discipline: The challenges, the research, and the social contribution. In S.A. Deetz (Ed.), Communication yearbook 17 (pp. 565 600). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Galindo Caceres, J. (coord.) (2008). Comunicacion, ciencia e historia. Fuentes cientificas historicas hacia una comunicologia posible. Mexico: McGraw-Hill. Garcia-Jimenez, L. (2009). Ideas basicas de la investigacion comunicologica: re-construccion de una disciplina en tiempos posmodernos. Razon y Palabra, 67. http://www.razonypalabra.org.mx/ N/n67/actual/4lgarcia.html#_ftn1. Shepherd, G.J. (1993). Building a discipline of communication. Journal of Communication, 43(3), 83 91.
Benefit segmentation of Japanese pleasure travelers to the USA and Canada: selecting target markets based on the profitability and risk of individual market segments.

Abstract Many previous research studies have offered alternative approaches to segmenting travel markets, but few have provided any decision rules for selecting target markets. This study used factor-cluster analysis to define three benefit-based segments of the Japanese outbound travel market (novelty/nature seekers, escape/relaxation seekers, and family/outdoor activity seekers). The demographic and trip-related characteristics of these markets were compared. Four criteria were then used (profitability, risk, risk-adjusted profitability index, and relative segment size) to reach a decision on the choice of the optimum target market.
Immunochemical studies on adrenal ferredoxin: involvement of adrenal ferredoxin-like iron-sulfur proteins in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction of mammalian steroidogenic tissues.

Abstract The possible immunochemical and functional similarities existing among adrenal ferrdoxin-like iron-sulfur proteins present in the mitochondria of mammalian steroidogenic tissues have been examined by employing a goat antibody produced against homogeneous bovine adrenal ferredoxin. This antibody was found to inhibit the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cholesterol side-chain cleavage activities catalyzed by mitochondria prepared from rat adrenals, rat ovaries and the testes of rats which had been treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. No inhibition of the NADH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c catalyzed by these mitochondria was observed in the presence of the anti-adrenal ferredoxin. These results demonstrate that adrenal ferredoxin and the comparable iron-sulfur proteins of ovarian and testicular mitochondria are immunochemically similar and are required for the cholesterol side-chain cleavage reaction occurring in these tissues. Although a precipitin reaction was observed upon double diffusion of the anti-adrenal ferredoxin against human term placental mitochondria, no inhibition of either the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or the cholesterol side-chain cleavage 4 activity catalyzed by preparations of these mitochondria was observed in the presence of the antibody. These results indicate that the iron-sulfur protein present in human placental mitochondria at term differs immunochemically from other mammalian adrenal ferredoxin-like iron-sulfur proteins.
Calcium phosphate/chitosan composite scaffolds for controlled in vitro antibiotic drug release

Macroporous chitosan scaffolds reinforced by beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and calcium phosphate invert glasses were fabricated using a thermally induced phase separation technique. These porous composite materials were specially designed as both a drug carrier for controlled drug release and a scaffold for bone regeneration. The controlled drug release of antibiotic gentamicin-sulfate (GS) loaded scaffolds and morphology of osteosarcoma MG63 cells cultured on the scaffolds were studied. In comparison with the GS loaded pure chitosan scaffolds, the initial burst release of GS was decreased through incorporating calcium phosphate crystals and glasses into the scaffolds, and the sustained release for more than 3 weeks was achieved. The possible mechanisms for the controlled drug release were investigated by SEM, FTIR, and measurements of the pH values of the PBS solution during the drug release test. SEM micrographs showed no apparent morphological differences for osteoblastic cells grown on the pure chitosan scaffolds and those grown on composite scaffolds. The cells were attached and migrated on these scaffolds, and exhibited a biological appearance, suggesting a good cellular compatibility.
Asymptotic behavior of some nonlinear Volterra integral equations

Abstract Many people have looked at nonlinear Volterra integral equations of convolution type because they arise in a natural way from heat radiation problems. In this paper the author looks at such problems for systems of equations and looks at conditions for asymptotically constant solutions. Some theorems for comparing solutions are also derived. The theorems are applied to several integral equations derived from heat radiation problems.
Rethinking concept analysis

Title. Rethinking concept analysis. Aim. This study reports ways to strengthen the epistemological foundation of concept analysis and to clarify its ontology. Background. Nursing methods of concept analysis were derived from philosophy. In applying the philosophical ideas to nursing, changes were made that weakened the method. As a result, concept analyses often do not produce meaningful results. Data sources. Essays in nursing journals that critique or develop methods of concept analysis and philosophical writing about language. Findings. Many methods of concept analysis presuppose that the meaning of a concept depends on context. This ‘contextualism’ has epistemological and ontological consequences. Epistemologically, justifying a proposed set of defining attributes requires showing that the attributes explain the contextual pattern of use. Ontologically, concepts change their meaning as the theoretical contexts change. This means that concepts can only be developed as part of larger theories. Theory development requires a commitment to moderate realism and so, concept development also presupposes moderate realism. Conclusion. There are two forms of concept analysis: theoretical and colloquial. Each has its own purpose and evidence. The two forms can be used together and some theoretical developments will require both. Concept analysis must be based either on scientific literature or on colloquial usage. Concept analysis is not prior to theory development, but it must be part of theory development. It makes the meaning of a concept explicit, so that it can be part of testable and practical nursing theories.
Atomic origin of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Nd(2)Fe(14)B.

The magnetic moment reversal at each of the two inequivalent Nd sites in a single crystal of ferromagnetic Nd2Fe14B is probed by dichroic resonant diffraction of circularly polarized x rays. The results, supported by theory, show that the c-axis intrinsic magnetic stability of this superior permanent magnetic material arises predominately at one of the Nd sites (g). The other site (f) undermines magnetic stability by favoring a magnetic moment orientation in the basal plane. magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements par- tially mitigate this problem by isolating the magnetic responses of RE and TM ions (9), but for most cases this absorption-based technique (10 -12) cannot separate the contributions of dissimilar crystalline sites occupied by the same atomic species. In this Letter, we show that an x-ray scattering approach can be used to measure element- and site-specific magnetic moment reversals by exploiting the symmetry properties of the crystal's space group and the sensitivity of resonant scattering of circularly polarized (CP) radiation to the mag- netic moment of the resonant atom. We provide experi- mental and theoretical evidence that the intrinsic magnetic hardness of Nd2Fe14B arises predominately from one of the two inequivalent Nd sites. We find that one Nd site (g) strongly prefers the � 001� direction at ambient temperature and dictates the macroscopic easy-axis direction. The other Nd site (f) (containing half of all the Nd atoms) reduces the intrinsic stability by favoring alignment along � 110� -type directions. The results indicate that coercivity may be enhanced by preferential chemical doping of Nd f sites. A crystal's space group determines the relative contri- butions of inequivalent crystal sites to the scattered inten- sity of each allowed Bragg diffraction peak. Site-specific
Development of a hybrid estimation toolbox for rapid prototyping

The authors have developed a toolbox for hybrid estimator evaluation which allows rapid comparison of algorithms in different scenarios. The toolbox is flexible in implementing, simulating, and evaluating various algorithms, particularly those for hybrid estimation - state estimation under parametrical and/or structural uncertainties. While the toolbox is extensible, numerous models, filters, estimators, and error measures are provided by default. In this paper, examples are given of short programs written in Matlab that illustrate some of the benefits that such a toolbox can bring to researchers.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective action of hypoxia on rat lung cyclic AMP.

Abstract The effect of three different levels of 24-h hypobaric hypoxia (630 mm Hg, 520 mm Hg, and 340 mm Hg) on rat lung cAMP and cGMP was studied. Liver was also examined to evaluate comparatively with lung. Lung cAMP concentration averaged 33.6 ± 2.2 (SE) pmol/mg protein, and cGMP averaged 2.4 ± 0.21 (SE) pmol/mg protein. Twenty-four-hour hypoxia resulted in a significant 40% decrease in lung cAMP at 520 and 340 mm Hg. The magnitude of change was the same for both hypoxic levels suggesting threshold dependency. In contrast, liver cAMP was not affected by the hypoxic exposure. Lung and liver cGMP were also relatively refractory to hypoxia. The decreased cAMP concentration seen in the hypoxic lung returned to normal level within 24 hours. These data show that acute hypoxia has a selective action on lung cAMP.
Geology of the pacific sea floor

Als Folge von Faltungen und vulkanischen Vorgangen, die in grossem Masstabe ablaufen, ist der Meeresboden meistens gebirgig. Lokal dagegen erscheint der Boden flach, da die Berge unter Ebenen sedimentaren oder vulkanischen Ursprungs verborgen sind.
Integrating Person- and Function-Centered Approaches in Career Development Theory and Research

Abstract In the 1980s, life-span developmental psychology and developmental contextualism were first applied to career development in an effort to update the developmental frameworks most commonly used in vocational psychology. Because the occupational world today is far more dynamic and rapidly changing than even 20 years ago, it stands to reason that changes in the world of occupations need to be matched by theoretical and conceptual advances. One significant advance would be to integrate a person-centered, life course approach exemplified by the work of Buhler, with a function-based, life-span developmental approach that examines certain behaviors or functions (such as career-related behaviors) (Baltes & Goulet, 1970). Prominent researchers in the life course tradition (e.g., Elder) and in the life-span tradition (e.g., Baltes) have, however, pursued separate directions in both theory and research. The present paper will propose that career development theory and research could be a natural area in which the predominantly function-centered approach of life-span psychology can be integrated with the person-centered methodologies and theoretical perspectives exemplified by the life course approach in sociology.
Dynamics of the gas flux from shallow gas hydrate deposits: interaction between oily hydrate bubbles and the oceanic environment

Decomposition of methane hydrates on the continental margins is a potentially significant source of atmospheric methane, but the input depends upon the poorly understood fate of the hydrocarbon bubbles rising from the sea floor. During a field trip to the Gulf of Mexico, three different seepages were imaged and analyzed. Three different imaging techniques were tried (side, front, and back illumination), of which back illumination produced the best results. The images were analyzed and the size-dependent bubble distribution, mass flux, and rise speeds determined. The total observed gas flux was 62.3×10−3 mol s−1, primarily methane, of which a single vent produced seven times the next largest vent. Of this major vent, 50% of the bubble mass was contained in the largest bubbles, r>5500 μm. The vertical velocities demonstrated that these bubbles were heavily contaminated with oil, which was also corroborated by bubble shape and oscillation observations.
A Non-kinetic Effects Federate for Training Simulations

As US ground forces are increasingly called to perform irregular warfare (IW) and counterinsurgency (COIN) missions, it is necessary to shape the training tools to prepare for these missions. Traditional training and mission rehersal systems have focused on conventional warfare practices, such as attrition and maneuver, while IW and COIN are focused on the non-combatants and civilians in the operational environment. The Army’s approach to this new requirement includes the addition of a new federate, the Joint Non-kinetic Effects Model (JNEM), to its existing, validated, Joint Land Component Constructive Training Capability (JLCCTC) high-level architecture (HLA) federations. This paper provides an overview of the training environment in three JLCCTC federations, and then focuses on the JNEM functionality. It describes how the JNEM monitors events and situations in traditional maneuver land-war models, and then uses this data to model the population dynamics of the civilian population. Based on the moods and cooperation levels of the civilians, the JNEM sends interactions to change the state of the simulated operational environment in the land-war models, and sends intelligence information to the training audience. The paper concludes with the limitations of the model and possible directions for future development.
Synthesis, Structures, and Reactions of Manganese Complexes Containing Diphosphine Ligands With Pendant Amines

Addition of the pendant amine ligand PNRP (PNRP = Et2PCH2NRCH2PEt2; R = Me, Ph, n-Bu) to Mn(CO)5Br gives fac-Mn(PNRP)(CO)3Br. Photolysis of fac-Mn(PNRP)(CO)3Br with dppm [dppm = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] provides mixed bis(diphosphine) complexes, trans-Mn(PNRP)(dppm)(CO)(Br). Reaction of trans-Mn(PNRP)(dppm)(CO)(Br) with LiAlH4 leads to trans-Mn(PNRP)(dppm)(CO)(H). The crystal structure of trans-Mn(PNMeP)(dppm)(CO)(H) determined by x-ray diffraction shows an unusual distortion of the Mn-H towards one C-H of the dppm ligand, resulting in an H Mn CO angle of 155(1)° and C H • • • H Mn distance of 2.10(3) A. Mn(P2PhN2Bn)(dppm)(CO)(H) [P2PhN2Bn = 1, 5-diphenyl-3,7-dibenzyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane] can be prepared in a similar manner; its structure has one chelate ring in a chair conformation and the second in a boat conformation. The boat-conformer ring directs the nitrogen of the ring towards the carbonyl ligand, and the N • • • C distance between one N of the P2PhN2Bn ligand and CO is 3.171(4) A, indicating a weak interaction between the N of the pendant amine and the CO ligand. Reaction of NaBArF4 (ArF = = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with Mn(P P)(dppm)(CO)(Br) produces the cations [Mn(P P)(dppm)(CO)]+. The crystal structure of [Mn(PNMeP)(dppm)(CO)][BArF4] shows two very weak agostic interactions between C-H bonds on the phenyl ring and the Mn. The cationic complexesmore » [Mn(P P)(dppm)(CO)]+ react with H2 to form dihydrogen complexes [Mn(H2)(P P)(dppm)(CO)]+ (Keq = 1 - 90 atm-1 in fluorobenzene, for a series of different P P ligands). Similar equilibria with N2 produce [Mn(N2)(P P)(dppm)(CO)]+ (Keq generally 1-3.5 atm-1 in fluorobenzene). This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences' Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.« less
Does your utilization curve match your clinic philosophy

Abstract A means of monitoring therapists' conformity with policy in a mental health clinic is the examination of annual utilization data. Specifically, graphs which display the frequency of different lengths of patient contracts reveal much about the working realities of how a clinic actually functions. Data from the mental health clinic at the University of Rochester's Student Health Service illustrate changes in staffing and ideology over a seven year period. The graph of current utilization reveals three relatively distinct cohorts of patients. Each cohort can be explicated with regard to clinical needs of patients, staff educational needs, or the clinic's embrace of time-limited therapy as a valued treatment modality. Periodic examination of such graphs can reveal whether actual practices correspond to stated ideology and policy.
Effects of prepubertal castration on development of granular tubules and amylase activity in the male mouse submandibular gland

Abstract Male CD-1 mice were castrated between 12 and 14 days of age. Between 20 and 60 days of age the development of the submandibular glands were compared with those of normal males, normal females, and sham-operated males. Although granular tubules were apparent in the normal male at 25 days and in the normal female at 35–40 days, no distinct granular tubules were observed in castrated males until 60 days of age. An extensive development of striated ducts, however, was apparent in the castrated male submandibular gland between 35 and 60 days of age. Amylase activity, observed with a starch substrate film method, was first apparent in the normal male at 25 days and in the normal female at 35 days. In each case, the reaction was localized to the granular tubules. Amylase activity increased in direct relation to the increasing differentiation of granular tubules. In the prepubertally castrated male, weak amylase activity was detectable at 30 days in some striated ducts. This activity increased slowly up to 60 days, the age at which the granular tubules first appeared. Although the submandibular glands of castrated males and normal females appeared generally similar in morphology and amylase activity by 60 days of age, the achievement of these similarities had been attained by distinctly different patterns of development in the two groups.
Effects of compositional modification in lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate ceramics on electric energy storage properties

The effects of compositional modifications on the antiferroelectric (AFE) to ferroelectric (FE) transition of lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate, (Pb 1-3x/2 La x )(Zr 1-v-z Sn v Ti z )O 3 ceramics were used to optimize this material for energy storage. The experimental results show that an increase of Sn 4+ respect to Ti 4+ increases the coercive field of AFE-FE transition and keeps the hysteresis at the minimal level. This increases both the energy density of material and energy efficiency relative to a linear dielectric. Another advantage of Sn 4+ addition was a polarization increase at the switching field. The substitution of Zn 4+ for Sn 4+ at fixed Ti 4+ concentration of 0.1 was, however, undesirable for energy storage applications since this decreased the forward switching field and increased the hysteresis. This lowered both the energy density of the material and energy efficiency. Finally, addition of La 3+ was performed and slim hysteresis loops were obtained resulting in energy efficiency of 80.1%. However, the slanted hysteresis behavior with La 3+ results in a lower value of the maximum stored energy.
Algorithmic approaches to optimal route planning

The field of computational geometry has addressed many problems that are of direct relevance in route planning problems for mobile robots. Examples include the computation of visibility graphs shortest paths among obstacles minimal time paths through varied terrain and various other mission planning problems. In this paper we survey some recent results and show some applications to computing optimal paths. Our goal is to provide precise geometric models and to analyze algorithms according to their worst-case asymptotic complexities. Our hope is that many of the techniques can be applied as " black boxes" within the framework of a more complex hueristic-based system to solve the real-world problem.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Some thoughts on the training of the psychiatrist.

E DUCATION in the professions is usually more responsive to practice than to theory. The psychiatrist is an example of a practitioner whose role has seen a number of changes over the past half century. His education is more likely to be related to empirically derived changes in practice than to new discoveries in the chemistry laboratory. A setting like the one in which his practice will occur is likely to be the locus of his education. The psychiatrist originally was a caretaker of the insane in an asylum. With the development of treatment for mental illness, he became a medically oriented specialist-often a neuropsychiatrist-hoping to find an explanation for mental illness in organic changes in the central nervous system. Later, when dynamic psychology opened new vistas, the psychiatrist became an office practitioner treating patients from a behavioral-science point of view. The newest phase in American psychiatric practice is represented by the community mental-health movement. Here the psychiatrist has become more responsive to social problems and works as a member of a multidisciplinary team dealing in prevention of mental disease as well as in direct treatment. In this role, the locus of his education has shifted from hospital to clinic and finally to a multiservice center in the community itself. The psychiatrist of the nineteenth century was a diagnostician, influenced by schools that classified mental disorder and then consigned the patient to long-term custodial care in a hospital usually far removed from population centers. Out of the medical orientation that functional change must be related to altered structure, the psychiatrist was often a physician who examined his patient for neurological disease and, not infrequently, a neuropathologist who examined the brain postmortem. The turn of the century saw the development of psychoanalysis and a concomitant growing interest in psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic education generally took place in institutes not associated with medical schools. Only after World War II did psychoanalysis begin to make a real impact on the practice of psychiatry and consequently upon the training of the psychiatrist. The Flexnerian reforms in the second decade of the twentieth century moved medical education out of its trade-school orientation into university settings. At the same time, the rapid expansion of knowledge and research in the health sciences resulted in the growth of the specialization movement. One school of psychiatrists identified with other medical specialists who treated their patients on specialized wards in general hospitals. They saw only the most seriously ill, followed them briefly after hospital treatment, and were inclined to use somatic therapy and biological explanations. The psychodynamic psychiatrists, on the other hand, viewed mental disorder as resulting from intrapsychic conflict; their approach was usually
THE POLITICS OF SPORT AND LEISURE IN JAPAN Global Power and Local Resistance

This paper was partly stimulated by a dissatisfaction with the recent debates about sport and globalization. It is also meant as a contribution to comparative and political sociology, in which Japan has never fitted particularly well. Rather than seeing the growth of modern sport and leisure in Japan as the product of an unfolding process of diffusion and emulation, attention will be focused on the forms of resistance that have accompanied its development. This approach is outlined in a sketch of movements and campaigns organized over the location of sports and leisure resorts, especially golf courses, in Japan and the Asian-Pacific region.
Homeostatic tuning of Ca2+ signal transduction by members of the calpacitin protein family

The calpacitin protein family is made up of small, abundantly expressed proteins that bind to the Ca(2+)-free form of calmodulin (CaM) with an affinity equal to or greater than that of the Ca(2+)-containing form. Their CaM-binding domains are homologous and contain an IQ motif. Two members of this family, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and RC3, have been implicated in long-term potentiation (LTP) and the elaboration of pre- and postsynaptic structures. Computer-aided modeling of calpacitin-CaM interactions suggests that these molecules regulate Ca2+ flux size and CaM availability. Simulation of the interactions between the calpacitins CaM and Ca2+ imply that GAP-43 and RC3 tune and homeostatically constrain the Ca2+ signal transduction system. In so doing, they link Ca2+ fluxes to downstream elements of a signaling cascade that generates LTP.
Influence of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on somatic embryo number and culture quality in cell suspensions of Dactylis glomerata (Gramineae)

The effects of various concentrations and combinations of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) and casein hydrolysate on growth, mucilage accumulation, somatic embryo and root development in suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) were examined. Fresh weight of culture tissue was increased with 20 μM but not with 80 or 160 μM dicamba in treatments with 1–4 g/l casein hydrolysate. Different casein hydrolysate concentrations did not alter the amount of mucilage (measured by viscosity) in the supernatant in the absence of dicamba. However, the addition of dicamba increased viscosity with 80 μM giving the maximum response. Casein hydrolysate produced the greatest viscosity at 1–3 g/l in treatments where dicamba was present. Both dicamba and casein hydrolysate were required for development of somatic embryos. Dicamba at 40 μM with 3–4 g/l casein hydrolysate produced approximately 2000 embryos/35 ml of suspension. Root development was inhibited by dicamba and stimulated by the presence of casein hydrolysate. The usefulness of medium component manipulations for influencing somatic embryogenesis and culture quality is discussed.
Measuring Concentrated Poverty in a Global Metropolis: Lessons from Los Angeles∗

The traditional definition of concentrated poverty—40 percent of a census tract population living below the federal poverty threshold—is problematic in light of burgeoning working poor populations, increasing inner-suburban poverty, and problems with the federal poverty threshold itself. This article questions the meaning of concentrated poverty as traditionally defined and measured through an analysis of social and built environments in selected Los Angeles area communities that meet the 40 percent threshold. Such neighborhoods face significant challenges, yet do not conform to stereotypes of concentrated poverty areas. Findings indicate the need for measures that recognize the increasingly heterogeneous forms and landscapes of poverty in globalizing urban regions.