cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dep : Beyond Epenthesis

The correspondence-theoretic constraint Dep (McCarthy and Prince 1995) is often informally described as a constraint against epenthesis. While Dep does militate against epenthesis in input-output mappings, it has a more technical sense when applied to other domains, such as base-reduplicant correspondence and output-output correspondence. The goal of this squib is to show that Dep constraints do more than block epenthesis. In the domain of base-reduplicant correspondence, the high ranking of Dep-BR can result in underapplication of deletion, as in the case of Tonkawa. In the domain of output-output correspondence, DepOO is known to require overapplication of deletion in paradigmatically related forms. All of these effects follow from McCarthy and Prince’s definition of Dep as a family of faithfulness constraints that require a match between two strings that stand in correspondence. This discussion sheds light on a long-standing ambiguity in classic Optimality Theory: does the treatment of epenthesis really require a faithfulness constraint, or is markedness sufficient? On the face of it, epenthesis is an unfaithful mapping, and as such should violate faithfulness. As Prince and Smolensky (1993/2004) and McCarthy and Prince (1993) point out, however, epenthesis typically compounds markedness violations, as well—for example, if a candidate contains an epenthetic [h], it incurs one more violation of the constraint against the feature [spread glottis] than candidates without [h]-epenthesis. If we follow Prince and Smolensky (1993/2004), McCarthy and Prince (1993), and Zoll (1996) in assuming that
Current Pumping and Voltage Pulling to Maximize Speed: An Application to a 2.5 Gsps Flash ADC in 350 nm Standard CMOS Process

As process technologies slow down in their miniaturization, system design relies more heavily on innovation rather than technology to push the limits of speed beyond that of the existing systems. Parasitic capacitances dominate the paths in which the signals traverse through the circuit and the speed of operation largely depends on the reduction of these parasitics and on how fast these parasitics could be charged or discharged. This paper presents an innovation in this regime. Two innovative techniques, current pumping and voltage pulling are shown and their application to the sample and hold, pre-amplifier and latch components of a Flash Analog-to-Digital converter (ADC) is provided; It is shown that the frequency of operation can be pushed to double the initial, to 2.5 Gsps in 0.35 um CMOS technology.
Microstrip Yagi antenna for mobile satellite service

A major aspect of the JPL MSAT (mobile satellite) program has been the introduction of new antenna concepts to satisfy the requirements of a mobile antenna to provide medium gain (10 dBic) and low profile and low cost, and to automatically remain pointed toward the proper satellite as the vehicle moves about. The microstrip Yagi antenna is discussed. This system consists of a microstrip Yagi array, a stripline RF beamformer circuit, a motorized turntable for azimuth pointing, and a pointing control computer. The diameter of the antenna is 56 cm and its height 3.8 cm. >
Robust routing for local area optical access networks

One approach to providing the benefits of the high data rates afforded by optics is to attempt to implement traditional electronic and electro-optic approaches using optical technologies. In electronics, operations such as buffering, adding packets and dropping packets, or merging packet streams, are done with ease. In optics, however, buffering is onerous. Operations such as retrieving a packet from a traffic stream affect the whole stream. The routing approach we propose seeks to make use of the strengths of optics and avoids operations that are cumbersome or expensive in optics. Our goal is to provide robust and reliable approaches to access at optical data rates. Our design rationale is the following: avoid buffering; do not use a switch unless necessary; and, use the optical layer to provide recovery. We describe a routing such that recovery is possible even in the event of any link failure. Our routing consists of two parts: a collection portion and a distribution portion.
Thermally-treated Pt-coated silicon AFM tips for wear resistance in ferroelectric data storage

In ferroelectric data storage, a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe with a noble metal coating is placed in contact with a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film. The understanding and improvement of probe tip wear, particularly at high velocities, is needed for high data rate recording. A commercial Pt-coated silicon AFM probe was thermally treated in order to form platinum silicide at the near-surface. Nanoindentation, nanoscratch and wear experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties and wear performance at high velocities. The thermally treated tip exhibited lower wear than the untreated tip. The tip wear mechanism is adhesive and abrasive wear with some evidence of impact wear. The enhancement in mechanical properties and wear resistance in the thermally treated film is attributed to silicide formation in the near-surface. Auger electron spectroscopy and electrical resistivity measurements confirm the formation of platinum silicide. This study advances the understanding of thin film nanoscale surface interactions.
Gesture Changes Thought by Grounding It in Action

When people talk, they gesture. We show that gesture introduces action information into speakers’ mental representations, which, in turn, affect subsequent performance. In Experiment 1, participants solved the Tower of Hanoi task (TOH1), explained (with gesture) how they solved it, and solved it again (TOH2). For all participants, the smallest disk in TOH1 was the lightest and could be lifted with one hand. For some participants (no-switch group), the disks in TOH2 were identical to those in TOH1. For others (switch group), the disk weights in TOH2 were reversed (so that the smallest disk was the heaviest and could not be lifted with one hand). The more the switch group’s gestures depicted moving the smallest disk one-handed, the worse they performed on TOH2. This was not true for the no-switch group, nor for the switch group in Experiment 2, who skipped the explanation step and did not gesture. Gesturing grounds people’s mental representations in action. When gestures are no longer compatible with the action constraints of a task, problem solving suffers.
Investigation of the Antitumor Activity of Podocarpic Acid Derivatives

As a class, octahydrophenanthrene lactones, podolactones, and related podocarpic acid derivatives have been reported to possess a wide variety of biological activities, including antileukemic activity, inhibition of plant cell growth, and hormonal and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, a series of synthetic intermediates derived from podocarpic acid have been prepared and evaluated with respect to their ability to inhibit human epidermoid carcinoma of the nasopharynx in vitro. The significant cytotoxicity demonstrated by methyl 6α-bromo-7-oxo-O-methylpodocarpate (50% inhibition of cells at 8.85 × 10−9 M) was markedly higher than that of the other derivatives examined. Further evaluation against L 1210 and P388 lymphoid leukemias in mice failed to demonstrate significant antitumor activity.
Rapid Communication Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Rat Brain Myelin and White Matter

Purified myelin from rat brainstem was found to have an appreciable level of guanylyl cyclase activity, as seen in the formation of 3',5'-cyclic GMP from [3H]GTP at a rate approximately 45% that of whole brainstem. Freshly isolated myelin from pooled rat brainstems was incubated with GTP in an appropriate mixture. This gave rise to 29.9 +/- 3.6 pmol of 3',5'-cyclic GMP/mg of protein/min measured by HPLC and a similar result (26.7 +/- 2.6 pmol/mg/min) with 125I-3',5'-cyclic GMP radioimmunoassay. The latter method applied to the reaction product from whole brainstem gave a value of 56.6 +/- 3.4 pmol/mg/min. In analyzing brainstem products by HPLC we observed in most trials concurrent formation of a second radiolabeled product that comigrated with 2',3'-cyclic GMP but that, on further examination, proved not to be that product. Its identity remains unknown.
Photoelectrons From Picosecond Laser Pulses On Mg

Photoelectrons from picosecond laser pulses on MgN.K. Sherman, P.B. Corkum and T. Srinivasan -Rao*National Research Council of Canada, Division of PhysicsOttawa, Canada K1A OR6AbstractWe find Mg illuminated in vacuum with picosecond UV pulses to be a robust and usefulphotocathode even at roughing pressures. Photocurrent densities as great as 180 A /cm2occur at moderate collecting field strengths E of 0.5 to 2 kV /cm. In pulses briefer thanthe electron transit time across a diode, space charge causes the collected charge toincrease linearly with anode voltage. The observed Mg quantum efficiency of 2.5 x 10 -6electrons per 300 nm photon was doubled by "red assist" when intense 600 nm pulses weresimultaneously present. We give a criterion for Emin for complete charge collection fromtrains of picosecond optical pulses.IntroductionPreliminary to developing a pulsed source of relativistic electrons for use in studiesof particle acceleration by lasers, we have demonstrated useful photoelectron yield frommagnesium (Mg) excited by picosecond pulses of ultraviolet (UV) light. We have discoveredthat visible light pulses incident simultaneously with UV pulses onto Mg boost the electronyield. We note that the behaviour of photodiodes driven by picosecond laser pulses differsfrom that of conventional diodes. The electric charge collected per pulse varies linearlywith the bias potential, because of space charge, when the laser pulse duration is lessthan the electron transit time which in turn is less than the pulse interval.Conventional high yield cathode surfaces require clean vacuum, in the 10 -7 Torr rangefor Bao and in the 10 -9 to 10 -10 Torr range for cesiated GaAs. Otherwise, the emittingsurface becomes poisoned and performance deteriorates.l'2 We have shown however, using Mgmetal in a vacuum of about 3 x 10 -5 Torr, that existing pulsed lasers are intense enough tocause emission current densities from a metal surface to exceed those obtained fromthermionic oxide -coated or dispenser cathodes, and to rival those from field- emissioncathodes and semiconductor photocathodes.By doubling the frequency of visible laser light we obtained UV photons of energiesexceeding the Mg work function of 3.68 eV. When the UV light was directed onto the Mgcathode of a small evacuated diode, electrons were photoemitted. Photocathode performancedid not change noticeably with time. In a 10 -5 Torr vacuum the cathode surface presumablyis covered with a very thin film of Mg O. Even so, we find a UV quantum efficiency perincident photon 100 times greater than reported values3 for Mg O.ExperimentalTwo different rhodamine dye lasers were used. The first, flashlamp- pumped and pas §ivelymodelocked at 160 MHz, emitted 1.5 µs trains of 606 nm pulses of about 5 ps duration.Each 7 µJ visible micropulse generated a UV micropulse of about 16 nJ in a potassiumdihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal. The other laser produced single, intense 626 nmpulses of 2 ps duration. The energy WF of the fundamental pulse was about 100 µJ and theenergy Wg of the 313 nm harmonic pulse was about 24
Supersymmetric three family SU(5) grand unified models from type IIA orientifolds with intersecting D6-branes

Abstract We construct some N =1 supersymmetric three-family SU (5) grand unified models from type IIA orientifolds on T 6 /( Z 2 × Z 2 ) with D6-branes intersecting at general angles. These constructions are supersymmetric only for special choices of untwisted moduli. We show that within the above class of constructions there are no supersymmetric three-family models with 3 copies of 10 -plets unless there are simultaneously some 15 -plets. We systematically analyze the construction of such models and their spectra. The M-theory lifts of these brane constructions become purely geometrical backgrounds: they are singular G 2 manifolds where the grand unified gauge symmetries and three families of chiral fermions are localized at codimension 4 and codimension 7 singularities respectively. We also study some preliminary phenomenological features of the models.
Experimental and Observational Studies of Preschool Children’s Memory

This paper contains a summary of our recent research on the development of memory in preschool children. We have been interested in assessing the mnemonic abilities of preschool children, ascertaining the nature of memory improvement that occurs during this time span, and understanding the factors that contribute to this development.
The different components of a multisubunit cell number-counting factor have both unique and overlapping functions

Dictyostelium aggregation streams break up into groups of 103 to 2×104 cells. The cells sense the number of cells in a stream or group by the level of a secreted counting factor (CF). CF is a complex of at least 5 polypeptides. When the gene encoding countin (one of the CF polypeptides) was disrupted, the cells could not sense each other’s presence, resulting in non-breaking streams that coalesced into abnormally large groups. To understand the function of the components of CF, we have isolated cDNA sequences encoding a second component of CF, CF50. CF50 is 30% identical to lysozyme (but has very little lysozyme activity) and contains distinctive serine-glycine motifs. Transformants with a disrupted cf50 gene, like countin– cells, form abnormally large groups. Addition of recombinant CF50 protein to developing cf50– cells rescues their phenotype by decreasing group size. Abnormalities seen in aggregating countin– cells (such as high cell-cell adhesion and low motility) are also observed in the cf50– cells. Western blot analysis of conditioned medium sieve column fractions showed that the CF50 protein is present in the same fraction as the 450 kDa CF complex. In the absence of CF50, secreted countin is degraded, suggesting that one function of CF50 may be to protect countin from degradation. However, unlike countin– cells, cf50– cells differentiate into an abnormally high percentage of cells expressing SP70 (a marker expressed in a subset of prespore cells), and this difference can be rescued by exposing cells to recombinant CF50. These observations indicate that unlike other known multisubunit factors, CF contains subunits with both overlapping and unique properties.
Establishment of Northwest Building Testbeds: Final Progress Report

This document provides a short summary of a project jointly funded by the DOE Building Technologies Program and the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance. The report the outcomes achieved in the jointly-funded project, describes major project activities, discusses future plans for the homes and data, and provides details on project costs and schedule performance.
Cypress Semiconductor: 1.25% Convertible Notes

The treasury department staff at Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) had just received the final draft of the proposal for the pending $600 million convertible bond issue. This would be the latest in a series of convertible bond issuances by Cypress. But this time the situation was quite different. The last offerings were in 2000 when Cypress’s stock price was trading in the $40 to $50 range for the year and had, in fact, hit a high of $57.75 in May 2000. The picture had changed dramatically in the last three years. One day earlier, on May 16, 2003, the closing price was $10.51. Of course, the situation had been the same for almost all high-tech stocks, but that did not make the prospect of issuing an equity-based security any less painful given the current stock price.
Association of glucose homeostasis measures with heart rate variability among Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic function, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Glucose homeostasis measures are associated with reduced cardiac autonomic function among those with diabetes, but inconsistent associations have been reported among those without diabetes. This study aimed to examine the association of glucose homeostasis measures with cardiac autonomic function among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes. The Hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008–2011) used two-stage area probability sampling of households to enroll 16,415 self-identified Hispanics/Latinos aged 18–74 years from four USA communities. Resting, standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings were used to estimate the following ultrashort-term measures of HRV: RR interval (RR), standard deviation of all normal to normal RR (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD). Multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate associations between glucose homeostasis measures with HRV using data from 11,994 adults without diabetes (mean age 39 years; 52 % women). Higher fasting glucose was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD. Fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was negatively associated with RR, SDNN, and RMSSD, and the association was stronger among men compared with women. RMSSD was, on average, 26 % lower in men with higher fasting insulin and 29 % lower in men with lower insulin resistance; for women, the corresponding estimates were smaller at 4 and 9 %, respectively. Higher glycated hemoglobin was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD in those with abdominal adiposity, defined by sex-specific cut-points for waist circumference, after adjusting for demographics and medication use. There were no associations between glycated hemoglobin and HRV measures among those without abdominal adiposity. Impairment in glucose homeostasis was associated with lower HRV in Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes, most prominently in men and individuals with abdominal adiposity. These results suggest that reduced cardiac autonomic function is associated with metabolic impairments before onset of overt diabetes in certain subgroups, offering clues for the pathophysiologic processes involved as well as opportunity for identification of those at high risk before autonomic control is manifestly impaired.
Noise modulation in retinoic acid signaling sharpens segmental boundaries of gene expression in the embryonic zebrafish hindbrain

Morphogen gradients induce sharply defined domains of gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, yet how cells interpret these signals in the face of spatial and temporal noise remains unclear. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and phasor analysis to measure endogenous retinoic acid (RA) directly in vivo, we have investigated the amplitude of noise in RA signaling, and how modulation of this noise affects patterning of hindbrain segments (rhombomeres) in the zebrafish embryo. We demonstrate that RA forms a noisy gradient during critical stages of hindbrain patterning and that cells use distinct intracellular binding proteins to attenuate noise in RA levels. Increasing noise disrupts sharpening of rhombomere boundaries and proper patterning of the hindbrain. These findings reveal novel cellular mechanisms of noise regulation, which are likely to play important roles in other aspects of physiology and disease.
Oxy-combustion of Low-Volatility Liquid Fuel with High Water Content

Following our previous studies of swirl-stabilized spray combustion of fuels that have a high water content, in this work, we investigate low-volatility fuels, specifically glycerol. Results show that, to obtain a self-sustained flame, the concentration of glycerol in water is much higher than that of ethanol (a high-volatility fuel) in water. However, even for glycerol concentrations as high as 60 wt %, the self-sustained flame is lifted from the nozzle and not attached, as in the ethanol case. The calculated stoichiometric adiabatic flame temperature (Tad) for 60 wt % glycerol is 2602 °C, whereas for 15 wt % ethanol (which is a very stable flame), it is only 673 °C. The two systems differ in that ethanol is more volatile than water, whereas glycerol is less. Thus, in the former case, the fuel is preferentially vaporized, whereas in the latter case, water is preferentially vaporized. Thus, flame stabilization is particularly challenging for fuels where the volatility is less than that of water when the w...
Analysis of the composition in peony seed oil by GC/MS and evaluation in the sunscreen effect

This paper adopts methyl ester chemical to dispose the sample of peony seed oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, tea seed oil and corn germ oil, then the fatty acid constituents of peony seed oil were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of the experiments indicate that there are 13 kinds of fatty acids in peony seed oil, the contents of saturated, unsaturated fatty acid were 7.63% and 91.53%, respectively, and linolenic acid content were as high as 41.38%. At the same time, by measuring the UV absorbance of the five oil samples obtained peony seed oil has a good sunscreen.
An Applied Research on Folk Art Colors in Digital Design

This thesis deeply researches and analyses the references and application of the color of folk art that has regional characteristics in the digital design,and also discusses the relationship between folk art and the digital design,By systematically researching and tidying up the rich and colorful color elements in folk arts it explores how to reorganize modern design language with spirit elements of folk art so as to make it have a new feature of the age and enrich the modern design of art language and ideological connotations.
“Little Pig, Little Pig, Yet Me Come In!” Animating The Three Little Pigs with Preschoolers

Early childhood education, particularly through the influence of the Reggio Emilia model, traditionally has a strong affinity for arts-based, inquiry-based, interdisciplinary pedagogy. However, in the US, as standardized testing and curricula creep into early childhood classrooms, they marginalize arts-based learning and the kinds of playful, collective, student-centered, experimental approaches it encourages. Relegating arts to the margins ignores their abilities as powerful learning “languages” in their own right, as well as their benefits and the possibilities they open for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary learning. This article presents a 2-month project in a preschool class that implemented arts-based meaning-making strategies built around student interest in the children’s book classic, The Three Little Pigs and the Big Bad Wolf. The subsequent analysis uses an emergent literacy framework, adding two of the eleven core New Media Literacies concerns (play and transmedia navigation), to examine ways arts-based inquiry projects and new technologies can support preschoolers’ development of multiple, multimodal, and digital literacies.
Implications of Domain Specificity for Creativity Assessment

To the extent that creativity is domain-specific, so must be creativity testing. If one is interested in creativity in a given domain, then one should assess creativity in that domain. Valid ways to do that are available, although they are not as easy to administer as an off-the-shelf divergent-thinking test. Unfortunately, available (domain-general) divergent-thinking tests lack validity and often do not even correlate positively with each other, much less with real-world creativity. An interest in more wide-ranging creativity requires the inclusion of a wide range of domain-specific tasks or tests that sample many different domains in any assessment of it. It is a hot area in creativity studies. The division of the American Psychological Association that focuses on creativity held its first ever division debate in 2009. The topic? The validity of (once dominant) domain-general divergent-thinking tests (Baer, 2009; Kim, 2009).
Rives-Stoppa Retromuscular Repair

During the 1960s, Jean Rives and Rene Stoppa independently embarked on the development of the retromuscular and preperitoneal repair of incisional hernias. This sublay mesh technique is increasingly becoming the world’s standard approach to the complex repair of ventral hernias, due to its durability and long term outcomes in addition to the fact that mesh is excluded from the visceral contents and thus does not pose a problem for future abdominal surgery. Opening the rectus sheath and dissecting the posterior lamina away from the rectus muscle serves to liberate the rectus muscle from its very encasement in the sheath. This release allows the rectus muscle to widen and further medializes the linea alba, offsetting the tension at the suture line during midline abdominal wall reconstruction. Mesh is then placed in the well-vascularized retrorectus plane, and the midline abdominal wall musculature can be reapproximated overtop the mesh. Technical details of the procedure will be discussed in depth, with the aid of illustrations.
Quantification of breast lesion compositions using low-dose spectral mammography: A feasibility study.

Purpose: The positive predictive power for malignancy can potentially be improved, if the chemical compositions of suspicious breast lesions can be reliably measured in screening mammography. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of quantifying breast lesion composition, in terms of water and lipid contents, with spectral mammography. Methods: Phantom and tissue samples were imaged with a spectral mammography system based on silicon-strip photon-counting detectors. Dual-energy calibration was performed for material decomposition, using plastic water and adipose-equivalent phantoms as the basis materials. The step wedge calibration phantom consisted of 20 calibration configurations, which ranged from 2 to 8 cm in thickness and from 0% to 100% in plastic water density. A nonlinear rational fitting function was used in dual-energy calibration of the imaging system. Breast lesion phantoms, made from various combinations of plastic water and adipose-equivalent disks, were embedded in a breast mammography phantom with a heterogeneous background pattern. Lesion phantoms with water densities ranging from 0% to 100% were placed at different locations of the heterogeneous background phantom. The water density in the lesion phantoms was measured using dual-energy material decomposition. The thickness and density of the background phantom were varied to test the accuracy of the decomposition technique in different configurations. In addition, an in vitro study was also performed using mixtures of lean and fat bovine tissue of 25%, 50%, and 80% lean weight percentages as the background. Lesions were simulated by using breast lesion phantoms, as well as small bovine tissue samples, composed of carefully weighed lean and fat bovine tissues. The water densities in tissue samples were measured using spectral mammography and compared to measurement using chemical decomposition of the tissue. Results: The thickness of measured and known water contents was compared for various lesion configurations. There was a good linear correlation between the measured and the known values. The root-mean-square errors in water thickness measurements were 0.3 and 0.2 mm for the plastic phantom and bovine tissue backgrounds, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that spectral mammography can be used to accurately characterize breast lesion composition in terms of their equivalent water and lipid contents.
Unconventional Protein Secretion and Protein Quality Control

To safeguard proteomic integrity, cells rely on the ubiquitin proteasome system to degrade aberrant polypeptides and autophagy to eliminate protein aggregates. However, it is unclear whether cells ...
Blitz++: The Library that Thinks it is a Compiler

Blitz++ provides dense numeric arrays for C++ with performance on par with Fortran. It does so by using “template techniques” (expression templates and template metaprograms). In addition to fast performance, Blitz++ arrays pro­vide many nice notations and features not available in Fortran 90.
Blood samples from jugular vein of turkeys.

Abstract INTRODUCTION METHODS for obtaining blood samples from chickens have been described periodically for many years. Garren (1959) reviewed earlier reports and outlined a procedure and apparatus suitable for sampling from the heart or from a vein of chickens. Most of the reports referred to by Garren related methods of heart probe whereas a report of Fredrickson et al. (1958) illustrated a one-man technique of bleeding from the brachial vein. The procedures of Briles et al. (1950) and those mentioned in other papers on blood groups in birds suggested slitting an alar vein with a scalpel and collecting the blood directly into a tube. The purpose of this report is to describe a method routinely used on young chickens by Cornelius et al. (1959) and its application to turkeys bled repeatedly for serologic studies. 1 PROCEDURE The larger of the two jugular veins (the right—rarely the left) is located by separating …
Enhanced performance of PV power control using model predictive control

Abstract This paper focuses on the use of model predictive control (MPC) to control a DC/DC boost converter in order to regulate the PV power. When integrated with the grid, the PV system must deliver maximum power most of the time; however, if a voltage sag occurs, new grid codes demand that the control system should limit the PV power generated to avoid over current conditions and, consequently, a grid disconnection. Maximum and reduced power modes are implemented following the MPC strategy to achieve high–performance and stable operation in the system. First, the system is modeled in Matlab/Simulink and PLECS to understand its operation and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Secondly, experimental results are verified using the control hardware–in–the–loop (CHIL) approach on the Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS).
"Behind Bayonets": The Civil War in Northern Ohio

Review of: "'Behind Bayonets': The Civil War in Northern Ohio," by David D. Van Tassel, with John Vacha.
Syphilis-Related Eye Disease Presenting as Bilateral Papilledema, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Hemorrhage, and Anterior Uveitis in a Penicillin-Allergic Patient.

Purpose. Treponema pallidum is known as the “great masquerader” for its many presentations and ocular findings in patients who are infected and develop secondary and tertiary stage of syphilis. Syphilitic ocular manifestations include uveitis, chorioretinitis, retinitis, vasculitis, vitritis, and panuveitis all with or without decreased visual acuity. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is known to expedite the progression of syphilis when patients are coinfected, thus compounding the potential ophthalmic presentations. This report summarizes the presentation, management, and clinical course of a patient with known HIV and penicillin allergy that presented with bilateral optic nerve edema, retinal hemorrhages, and iritis without vision loss.
Statistical Analysis of Food Crises and Mass Killing

In this chapter, we build on the empirical foundation we laid Chapter “ Urban Development and Mass Killing: A First Look at the Data” to introduce different measures operationalizing food crises. We begin by carefully constructing our first measure using data on price volatility of food commodities. We explain why such food price volatility data are effective in capturing our main theoretical conceptualization of food crises. We then statistically evaluate the interactive effect of the two independent variables of interest—our food volatility crisis indicator and the measure of urban development per capita we derived in Chapter “ Urban Development and Mass Killing: A First Look at the Data”—on the probability of localized mass killing. We then repeat this analysis using drought-based measures of food crises, measured at both the country and 0.5-degree grid cell level to illustrate that the results are not driven by potential simultaneity between food price volatility and violence.
Remote control for videoconferencing

Author(s): Perry, Marcia | Abstract: We have designed, implemented, and deployed a camera control system and a conference controller that provide remote control capabilities to videoconferencing over the Internet. The camera control system allows users to pan, tilt, and zoom the cameras, switch between cameras, and get a picture-in-picture view from their desktops. The conference controller allows conference participants to not only start and stop the media tools on a remote host, but also to dynamically change settings and turn transmission on and off. It supports the vic (video) and vat (audio) Internet videoconferencing tools and enhances their usability by providing an integrated and secure user interface for local and remote control of these applications. This paper describes the design and implementation of the camera control system (devserv and camclnt) and the conference controller (confcntlr). The remote control capabilities offered by these tools have changed the videoconferencing paradigm to one of telepresence. With these tools remote users can 'walk' around the room, focus in on objects, and actively participate rather than observe.
Nonlinear Plane Waves in Elastic Mixtures (Elastic Composite Materials)

This chapter is one of the longest in the book and includes results on analysis of nonlinear plane waves in elastic mixtures (a structural model of elastic composite materials). It is divided into four parts. The first part is devoted to a derivation of nonlinear wave equations for elastic two-component mixtures for both isotropic elastic two-component mixtures and orthotropic elastic two-component mixtures.
IMPACT OF HEMODIALYSIS ON EARLY DEGENERATION OF BIOPROSTHESIS AND CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

End stage renal disease (ESRD) portends worse outcomes including early bioprosthetic degeneration after either surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). There are minimal data about THE impact of hemodialysis (HD) on early valve degeneration and clinical outcomes after TAVR. We
Satisfaction in Consensual Nonmonogamy

Inaccurate stigmas and stereotypes may prevent individuals involved in consensual nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships from getting the counseling they seek when facing relational issues. Misperceptio...
GameViews: Understanding and Supporting Data-driven Sports Storytelling

Various stakeholders in the sports domain rely on the analysis and presentation of sports data to derive insights. In particular, sportswriters construct game stories using statistical information; fans share their viewpoints based on the real-time stats while watching the game. In this paper, we explore how these stakeholders construct data-driven sports stories. We began by observing a sportswriter, then analyzed published sports stories, and characterized 1500 fan comments about particular sporting events. We found that their story needs were similar in some respects while quite different in others. Based on the findings, we implemented two exploratory prototypes: GameViews-Writers for sportswriters to quickly extract key game information and GameViews-Fans to support a real-time data-driven game-viewing experience for fans. We report insights from two user studies conducted with four professional sportswriters and eight sports fans, respectively. We discuss the results of these studies and present several avenues for future work.
Practice Patterns in Orbital Decompression Surgery Among American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Members

Orbital decompression surgery for thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) has evolved greatly over the past decades with the development of new surgical techniques and strategies for patient management. However, randomized controlled trials comparing surgical approaches are lacking. The goal of this study was to report the current preferred practices among American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgeons (ASOPRS) members for orbital decompression surgery for TAO, including surgical techniques and perioperative patient management. An anonymous electronic survey consisting of 21 questions was sent to the current membership of the ASOPRS, leading to 170 responses in total (response rate: 23.7%). Questions regarding preoperative and postoperative care as well as surgical technique were included. 54.2% of the respondents prefer two-wall surgery as their initial procedure of choice. Of these, 53.8% prefer balanced lateral and medial decompression as the two-walled procedure of choice, and 44.0% prefer the orbital floor and medial wall. Steroids are routinely used preoperatively by 35.9% and postoperatively by 69.2%. Antibiotics are used preoperatively by 32.9% and postoperatively by 56.4% of respondents. Practice patterns for orbital decompression surgery continue to vary widely among ASOPRS members, but balanced medial and lateral wall decompression has gained in popularity as compared to prior studies. Postoperative steroids are preferred by a majority of members.
Activation of αvβ3 Integrin Alters Fibronectin Fibril Formation in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells in a ROCK-Independent Manner.

Purpose Fibronectin fibrillogenesis is an integrin-mediated process that may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Here, we examined the effects of αvβ3 integrins on fibrillogenesis in immortalized TM-1 cells and human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Methods TM-1 cells overexpressing wild-type β3 (WTβ3) or constitutively active β3 (CAβ3) integrin subunits were generated. Control cells were transduced with an empty vector (EV). Deoxycholic acid (DOC) extraction of monolayers, immunofluorescence microscopy, and On-cell western analyses were used to determine levels of fibronectin fibrillogenesis and fibronectin fibril composition (EDA+ and EDB+ fibronectins) and conformation. αvβ3 and α5β1 Integrin levels were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Cilengitide and an adenovirus vector expressing WTβ3 or CAβ3 integrin subunits were used to examine the role of αvβ3 integrin in HTM cells. The role of the canonical α5β1 integrin-mediated pathway in fibrillogenesis was determined using the fibronectin-binding peptide FUD, the β1 integrin function-blocking antibody 13, and the Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632. Results Activation of αvβ3 integrin enhanced the assembly of fibronectin into DOC-insoluble fibrils in both TM-1 and HTM cells. The formation of fibronectin fibrils was dependent on α5β1 integrin and could be inhibited by FUD. However, fibrillogenesis was unaffected by Y27632. Fibrils assembled by CAβ3 cells also contained high levels of EDA+ and EDB+ fibronectin and fibronectin that was stretched. Conclusions αvβ3 Integrin signaling altered the deposition and structure of fibronectin fibrils using a β1 integrin/ROCK-independent mechanism. Thus, αvβ3 integrins could play a significant role in altering the function of fibronectin matrices in POAG.
Pathways for Success in Academic Medicine for an International Medical Graduate: Challenges and Opportunities

International medical graduate (IMG) is a term used to describe individuals who have completed their undergraduate medical education outside of the United States in schools not accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education. These trainees may face substantial obstacles in learning psychiatry and other fields of medicine even as they bring many assets to the field. In this chapter, we describe the nature of academic medicine and the challenges and opportunities that IMGs face on the basis of our experience and from our particular personal histories. Traditionally, academic medicine’s mission in the United States has been threefold: teaching, research, and service. Academic medicine is an approach, a state of mind, and a way of practicing medicine. In our experience, IMGs have to overcome obstacles including absence of a role model, employment setting, type of residency program, and discrimination. To succeed in academic medicine, IMGs should be proactive and volunteer, polish presentation and public speaking skills, engage in publishing and other scholarly activities, find a mentor, become a member of professional organizations, manage complex academic relationships, and develop cultural competence. Developing and succeeding in an academic career, although challenging, is often fun, enriching, and deeply gratifying.
Removable cranial window for sustained wide-field optical imaging in mouse neocortex

Attempts to image neocortical regions on the surface of mouse brain typically use a small glass disc attached to the cranial surface. This approach, however, is often challenged by progressive deterioration in optical quality and permits limited tissue access after its initial implantation. Here we describe a design and demonstrate a two-stage cranial implant device developed with a remarkably versatile material, polydimethylsiloxane, which facilitates longitudinal imaging experiments in mouse cortex. The system was designed considering biocompatibility and optical performance. This enabled us to achieve sustained periods of optical quality, extending beyond a year in some mice, and allows imaging at high spatio-temporal resolution using wide-field microscopy. Additionally, the two-part system, consisting of a fixed headplate with integrated neural access chamber and optical insert, allowed flexible access to the underlying tissue offering an expansive toolbox of neuromanipulation possibilities. Finally, we demonstrate the technical feasibility of rapid adaptation of the system to accommodate varying applications requiring long-term ability to visualize and access neural tissue. This capability will drastically reduce wasted time and resources for experiments of any duration, and will facilitate previously infeasible studies requiring long-term observation such as for research in aging or the progression chronic neurological disorders.
Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Carotene Content

Much of the world dietary vitamin A is derived from vegetable carotenes. Vegetable carotene content can be improved by genetically increasing total carotene content, by genetically increasing the content of provitamin A carotenoids, or both. These approaches have been successful for tomatoes, sweet potatoes, maize, and carrots. Major genes affecting carotenoid content have also been identified in peppers and cucurbits. Genetic selection has also yielded germplasm which contains carotenes for such typically carotene-free vegetables as cauliflower, yams, cucumber, and potatoes. The genetic basis for improving vegetable carotene content is poorly understood. Even so, gain from selection can be quite rapid since total carotene content can be visually estimated quite accurately. Genetic improvement of vegetable carotene content has depended completely upon classical breeding and genetic methods. As the biochemistry and molecular biology of carotene metabolism is better understood, new methods may be useful in genetically enhancing vegetable carotene content.
COMPLETE VERSUS CULPRIT VESSEL ONLY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND MULTI-VESSEL DISEASE-AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED TRIALS

Studies comparing outcomes between complete revascularization (CR) versus culprit vessel only percutaneous coronary intervention (CV-PCI) in patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD) without cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI
Condiciones laborales de los inmigrantes en la Unión Europea

It is necessary to analyze the phenomenon of immigration to understand the development and recent evolution of the European Union. However, studies on this subject are scarce and of a very limited scope due, among other reasons, to the difficulty of obtaining reliable and consistent information. The aim of this paper is precisely to analyse immigrant populations in the context of the European Union, and examine one of the most controversial aspects of this phenomenon: the integration of these individuals into the labour market. Using a logistic regression model –applied to the last Survey on European Working Conditions that was carried out in all 25 EU countries– we evaluate the working conditions of the immigrant population as compared to those of native workers.
Lower Extremity Biomechanics During a Drop-Vertical Jump and Muscle Strength in Women With Patellofemoral Pain.

Context Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most prevalent knee conditions observed in women. Current research suggests that individuals with PFP have altered muscle activity, kinematics, and kinetics during functional tasks. However, few authors have examined differences in lower extremity biomechanics in this population during the drop-vertical jump (DVJ). Objective To determine how lower extremity electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics during a DVJ and lower extremity isometric strength differed between women with and those without PFP. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or other participants Fifteen healthy women (age = 20.23 ± 1.39 years, height = 169.32 ± 5.38 cm, mass = 67.73 ± 9.57 kg) and 15 women with PFP (age = 22.33 ± 3.49 years, height = 166.42 ± 6.01 cm, mass = 65.67 ± 13.75 kg). Intervention(s) Three trials of a DVJ. Main outcome measure(s) Surface electromyography, kinematics, and kinetics were collected simultaneously during a DVJ. Lower extremity strength was measured isometrically. Independent-samples t tests were performed to assess group differences. Results Normalized muscle activity in the vastus medialis (healthy group = 120.84 ± 80.73, PFP group = 235.84 ± 152.29), gluteus maximus (healthy group = 43.81 ± 65.63, PFP group = 13.37 ± 13.55), and biceps femoris (healthy group = 36.68 ± 62.71, PFP group = 11.04 ± 8.9) during the landing phase of the DVJ differed between groups. Compared with healthy women, those with PFP completed the DVJ with greater hip internal-rotation moment (0.04 ± 0.28 N/kg versus 0.06 ± 0.14 N/kg, respectively) and had decreased knee-flexion excursion (76.76° ± 7.50° versus PFP = 74.14° ± 19.85°, respectively); they took less time to reach peak trunk flexion (0.19 ± 0.01 seconds versus 0.19 ± 0.02 seconds, respectively) and lateral trunk flexion (0.12 ± 0.07 seconds versus 0.11 ± 0.04 seconds, respectively). Conclusions During the DVJ, women with PFP had increased hip internal-rotation moment and decreased knee-flexion excursion with less time to peak trunk flexion and lateral flexion. Muscle activation was increased in the vastus medialis but decreased in the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris. This suggests that altered motor-unit recruitment in the hip and thigh may result in changes in biomechanics during a DVJ that are often associated with an increased risk of injury.
Spin and Phonon Design in Modular Arrays of Molecular Qubits

The transformative applications of quantum information science (QIS) require precise design and integration of networks of qubits, the fundamental units of QIS systems. Chemical synthesis is a powe...
Full Information Reserve Error

This paper provides a detailed description of a new measure of reserve error, the Full Information Reserve Error (FIRE), which was first proposed by Grace and Leverty (2018). We briefly describe the philosophy of FIRE and its advantages. We then present the details on how to calculate it. We also provide a link to a data set providing FIRE for the years 1990-2014.