cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aerobic Oxidation Reactivity of Well-Defined CoII and CoIII Aminophenol Complexes

This article describes the synthesis and reactivity studies of three cobalt complexes bearing aminophenol-derived ligands without nitrogen substitution: CoII(tBu2APH)2(tBu2AP)2 (1), Co2III(tBu2APH)2(tBu2AP)2(μ-tBu2BAP)2 (2), and CoIII(tBu2AP)3 (3) (tBu2APH = 2-amino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenol, tBu2AP = 2-amino-4,6-di-tert-butylphenolate, μ-tBu2BAP = bridging 2-amido-4,6-di-tert-butylphenolate). Stoichiometric reactivity studies of these well-defined complexes demonstrate the catalytic com-petency of both CoII and CoIII complexes in the aerobic oxidative cyclization of tBu2APH with tert-butyl isonitrile. Reactions with O2 reveal the aerobic oxidation of CoII complex 1 to generate the CoIII species 2 and 3. UV-visible time-course studies and EPR spectroscopy indicate that this oxidation proceeds through a ligand-based radical intermediate. These studies repre-sent the first example of well-defined cobalt-aminophenol complexes that participate in catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions and highlight a key role for a ligand radical in the oxidation sequence.
Principles of Continuum Mechanics: A Study of Conservation Principles with Applications

As most modern technologies are no longer discipline-specific but involve multidisciplinary approaches, undergraduate engineering students should be introduced to the principles of mechanics so that they have a strong background in the basic principles common to all disciplines and are able to work at the interface of science and engineering disciplines. This textbook is designed for a first course on principles of mechanics and provides an introduction to the basic concepts of stress and strain and conservation principles. It prepares engineer-scientists for advanced courses in traditional as well as emerging fields such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, energy systems, and computational mechanics. This simple book presents the subjects of mechanics of materials, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer in a unified form using the conservation principles of mechanics.
Optical Measurements of Shock-Induced Chemical Reactions in Mixed Aluminum-Nickel Powder

Optical pyrometer and high-speed photography experiments have been carried out to determine the temperature and temporal-spatial evolution of a chemical reaction zone in shock-loaded, nickel-aluminum powder mixtures. The temperature generated is about 5000 K, and the reaction occurs on a 100 nanosecond or faster time scale. Experimental results are compared to numerical calculations, which suggest that there are threshold shock pressures and temperatures of about 15 GPa and 500°C which are required to initiate the strong exothermic reaction. Further, excessive pressure appears to inhibit reaction. This observation is in agreement with previous experiments in which nickel-aluminum alloys were recovered from shock-loaded mixtures.
‘War news’ and black market exchange rate deviations from purchasing power parity: Wartime South Vietnam

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of ‘war news’ on black market exchage rate deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP). In wartime Vietnam, the greater the number and intensity of U.S. troop engagements with the enemy, the greater the confidence in the South Vietnamise government and its fist currency. During the period of heaviest U.S. military operations, from 1967 to mid-1969, about 20–25 percent of the value of the piaster on the black market can be attributed to this confidence factor. The results suggest that where variables to measure the news are available, short-run deviations from PPP can be readily explained.
Clinical evolution of pure upper motor neuron disease/dysfunction (PUMMD)

Introduction PLS is defined as pure upper motor neuron disease/dysfunction (PUMND) beyond 48 months after symptom onset. We know little about its early stages, but such knowledge would help to identify the mechanisms underlying PLS and ALS and determine why PLS patients seem to be protected against lower MND (LMND).
Zinc Utilization in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women Fed Controlled Diets Providing the Zinc RDA

Eight pregnant (P) women in their third trimester and 10 nonpregnant (NP) women participated in a 21-day confined metabolic study. The participants were fed semipurified liquid diets providing 20 mg zinc/day. Apparent zinc balance was calculated and parameters of zinc status assessed. Even though an adequate amount of a readily available form of zinc was fed, the P women consistently maintained lower mean serum zinc concentrations than the NP controls (69 micrograms/dl vs. 97 micrograms/dl). Although the dietary zinc intake was constant throughout the study, most subjects' salivary zinc levels varied greatly. In this study, salivary zinc concentrations was not a sensitive indicator of zinc intake. There were no differences in the concentrations of zinc in hair between the P and NP groups; mean values ranged from 180--220 ppm. In both groups, approximately 95% of the measured zinc output was lost in the feces and only 5% excreted in the urine. The P women tended to excrete more zinc in their urine than the NP women (900 micrograms/day vs. 650 micrograms/day), but they excreted less zinc in their feces. The P women demonstrated a greater apparent zinc retention than the NP women (1.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.5 mg/day). This difference, however, was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05).
Patient Encounters and Care Transitions in One Community Supported by Automated Query-Based Health Information Exchange

Care transitions from one facility to another threaten patient safety due to the potential loss of critical clinical information. Electronic clinical data exchange may address the problem. Approaches to exchange range from manual directed exchange, or sending point-to-point messages, to automated query-based health information exchange (HIE), or aggregating data from multiple sources. In this study, we measured the extent to which automated query-based HIE supported patient encounters and care transitions in one community. During the 23-month study period, 41% (n=33,219) of affirmatively consented patients had at least one encounter supported by automated query-based HIE. Of these patients, 41% (n=13,685) visited two or more facilities and accounted for 68% of total encounters. Of total encounters, 28% (n=40,828) were care transitions from one facility to another. Findings suggest that automated query-based HIE may support care transitions with efficient information sharing and assist United States providers in achieving stage two of meaningful use.
Patient Preferences Versus Physician Perceptions of Treatment Decisions in Cancer Care

PURPOSE: To examine patient preferences as well as physician perceptions of these preferences for decision making and communication in palliative care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical decision-making preferences (DMPs) were prospectively studied in 78 assessable cancer patients after initial assessment at a palliative care outpatient clinic. DMPs were assessed with a questionnaire using five possible choices ranging from 1 (patient prefers to make the treatment decision) to 5 (patient prefers the physician to make the decision). In addition, the physician’s perception of this preference was assessed. RESULTS: Full concordance between the physician and the patient was seen in 30 (38%) of 78 cases; when the five original categories were recombined to cover active, shared, and passive decision making, there was concordance in 35 (45%) of 78 cases. The kappa coefficient for agreement between physician and patient was poor at 0.14 (95% confidence limit, −0.01 to 0.30) for simple kappa and 0.17 (95% confidence in...
Advances in viral respiratory infections: new experimental models

The wide array of models available for the study of respiratory viral infections is extremely valuable for the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic options against these highly prevalent diseases. In addition, through these models we have gathered considerable insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these infections and the inflammatory and immune responses they elicit in the host. This article reviews new promising models introduced recently in this field.
Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of Varying Boundary Conditions on a LEU Foil Based Molybdenum-99 Plate Processing Target

Technetium-99m is a diagnostic radio-pharmaceutical that is currently used in 85% of the United States diagnostic imaging procedures [1]. All supplies of technetium-99m’s parent isotope molybdenum-99 currently originate from the irradiation of high enriched uranium (HEU) in nuclear reactor facilities located outside the United States. In accordance with the Global Threat Reduction Initiative all uranium used in future molybdenum-99 production will use low enriched uranium (LEU). Conversion to LEU material effectively mandates using LEU in the form of a metal foil as opposed to current powder based dispersion designs for HEU. Using a foil requires a significant modification to the current target design. One design approach uses an LEU foil sandwiched between two nominally flat aluminum plates. The LEU is enclosed in the sandwiched structure by welding the aluminum plates together about their edges. The plate design is inspired by LEU fuel plates with the exception that the LEU is not bonded to the aluminum plates nor is it necessary to clamp the plate edges to prevent lateral translation. This paper will review the thermal-mechanical analysis of an LEU based molybdenum-99 target with plate geometry. This study describes the impact of boundary conditions on the thermally-induced stress and strain in the aluminum plates.© 2010 ASME
Convergence of Martingales on a Riemannian Manifold

When the scalar quadratic variation of a martingale on a Riemannian manifold is finite almost surely, then the martingale converges almost surely in the one-point compactification of the manifold. A partial converse due to Zheng Wei-an is also proved. No curvature conditions on the manifold are required.
Submonolayer magnetization and the spin lattice gas model

Abstract A spin lattice gas model is suggested to describe submonolayer magnetic systems. Using the SOM method, we have shown that the heat capacity signatures of the model exhibit double maxima and that the Curie temperature decreases very rapidly with decreasing coverage in qualitative agreement with the experiment results.
Characterization of Nanoparticle Distribution in Microcirculation Through a Microfluidics Device

Various methods of targeted nano drug delivery have been developed in recent years to reduce side effects, toxicity, and lower drug doses [1]. The use of nanoparticles in drug delivery provides advantages in drug targeting, delivery and release along with serving in diagnosis and therapy [2]. Higher percentage of nanoparticle drug is uptaken by the target cells while larger drug particles are easily cleaned off by the human body. Nanoparticles also have large surface to volume ratio, which aids in attachment of many functional groups and thereby enhances targeting.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Rotating-Frame Proton Cross Relaxation in the Presence of Paramagnetic Metal Ions

Abstract Rotating-frame cross relaxation for a pair of protons rotating in a spherical molecule with external relaxation is examined theoretically. The results of this study allow us to model intensities in 1D ROE and 2D ROESY spectra of protons in the presence of a paramagnetic metal ion. External relaxation moves the threshold correlation time for spin diffusion to longer times. In contrast to the effect of external relaxation on longitudinal cross relaxation (NOESY), the range of observable transverse cross relaxation (ROESY) expands with increasing external relaxation. At the same time, external relaxation compresses the overall time scale for cross-peak evolution. The initial slopes of cross-peak evolution are unaffected by external relaxation, but are sensitive to the rotational correlation time of the proton pair. Very short mixing times are necessary for accurate estimation of the initial Slopes.
Control and elimination of the effect of ambient temperature fluctuations on photonic bandgap device operation

As photonic bandgap (PBG) technology matures and practical devices are realized, the effects of environmental factors, such as ambient temperature, on PBG device operation must be considered. The position of a PBG is determined by the geometry and refractive index of the constituent materials. Therefore, a thermally induced material expansion or refractive index change will alter the location of the PBG and affect the operation of PBG devices. In order to achieve faster switching times for PBG optical interconnects, enhanced sensitivity for PBG sensors, and smaller channel spacing for PBG-based wavelength division multiplexing, increasingly narrow PBG resonances are required. The drawback for the improved device operation is increased sensitivity to small changes in environmental conditions. A method to control and eliminate thermally induced drifts of silicon-based PBG structures has been developed based on a simple oxidation treatment. Oxide coverage of the silicon matrix provides a counterforce to the effect of the temperature dependent silicon refractive index. Depending on the degree of oxidation achieved, a redshift, no shift, or a blueshift of the PBG resonance results when the silicon-based PBG structure is heated. Control over the effects of thermal fluctuations has been demonstrated for two different PBG structure designs. Extensive reflectance and x-ray diffraction measurements have been performed to understand the mechanism behind this oxidation procedure as it relates to one-dimensional silicon-based PBG microcavities.
Emerging roles of the psychologist and the primary health care provider

(1978). Emerging roles of the psychologist and the primary health care provider. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology: Vol. 7, Clinical Child Psychologists and Primary Health Care Providers: Emerging Roles, pp. 2-4.
Specificity of the sodium chloride appetite of hydrochlorothiazide-treated rats.

When offered a choice between distilled water and 0.10 m KCl solution, rats given hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) in the diet (0.6 g/kg food) increased their intake of KCl solution above the level of untreated controls. However, intake of KCl solution by either treated or control groups never exceeded their simultaneous water intake. The spontaneous intake of other potassium salts, including KNO3, K-gluconate and other concentrations of KCl was unaffected by HCZ. In contrast, HCZ stimulated intake of all sodium solutions offered, including Na-gluconate, NaNO3, NaHCO3 and NaCl above the level of controls and to approximately a ten fold greater extent than the water offered simulta neously. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, acetazolamide and methazolamide, were administered both in food (0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 g/kg) and intraperitoneally (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight) and their effects on spontaneous intake of NaHCO3 and NaCl solutions studied. Neither drug at any dose administered affected the spontaneous intake of either NaHCO3 or NaCl solution. Although urinary loss of sodium is increased by both the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and HCZ, this factor per se apparently does not control sodium intake. A possibility exists that the changes in acid-base balance accompanying chronic administration of these drugs influences spontaneous sodium intake and should be considered in greater detail.
MO-D-BRA-01: Nano - Cancer and Radiation Therapy

The field of nanotechnology in cancer includes the use of materials precisely constructed at the molecular level to develop devices and novel imaging and therapy techniques to improve the therapeutic ratio of cancertreatments. Recent advances in the application of nanotechnology to cancer hold a great promise to improve the detection, treatment, and prevention of cancer. In this scientific symposium, we will present a primer on the science of nanotechnology and discuss how it can be used to improve the imaging and treatment of cancer, including radiation therapy. We will describe the latest research and development in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. We will review newly developed cancerdiagnostics and therapies, including the combination of imaging combined with drug delivery, based on nanotechnology and identify future directions. The specific objectives of the symposium are to: 1. Provide a primer on nanotechnology in cancer and the science behind it. 2. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to improve the imaging of cancer and imaging combined with drug delivery. 3. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to improve the treatment of cancer, including radiation treatment. 4. Describe the potential use of nanotechnology to deliver the treatment directly to the tumor while sparing healthy tissue, including radiation treatment. 5. Describe promising newly developed cancerdiagnostics and therapies based on nanotechnology, future directions, and the role medical physicists can play to advance the field. 6. Describe the challenges of translating nanotechnology from the academic bench to the clinic.
Effects of histone acetylation on the equilibrium accessibility of nucleosomal DNA target sites.

Posttranslational acetylation of the conserved core histone N-terminal tail domains is linked to gene activation, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not known. In an earlier study we showed that removing the tail domains altogether by trypsin proteolysis (which leaves nucleosomes nevertheless intact) leads to 1.5 to 14-fold increases in the dynamic equilibrium accessibility of nucleosomal DNA target sites. These observations suggested that, by modestly increasing the equilibrium accessibility of buried DNA target sites, histone acetylation could result in an increased occupancy by regulatory proteins, ultimately increasing the probability of transcription initiation. Here, we extend these observations to a more natural system involving intact but hyperacetylated nucleosomes. We find that histone hyperacetylation leads to 1.1 to 1.8-fold increases in position-dependent equilibrium constants for exposure of nucleosomal DNA target sites, with an average increase of 1.4(+/-0.1)-fold. The mechanistic and biological implications of these results are discussed.
Characterization and optimization of cerium dioxide films deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering

Abstract Cerium dioxide (CeO2) films were deposited on glass substrates by an r.f. magnetron sputtering process. The deposition rates were studied as a function of the molar fraction of oxygen in the system for various input power levels. The deposition conditions were optimized to obtain good quality films for optical transmission.
The effect of various pathological-conditions on in vivo hemoglobin synthesis I. Hemoglobin synthesis in beryllium-induced anemia as studied with α-14c-acetate

Abstract The biosynthesis of newly formed intraerythrocytic hemin and globin has been studied by means of α- 14 C-acetate in rabbits exposed to beryllium fluoride. It was found that the percentage of the administered 14 C dose incorporated into hemin and globin in the anemic animals was significantly lower than in the controls. The ratios of globin to hemin 14 C activities on a millimolar basis exhibit no significant differences in beryllium-exposed and normal rabbits. The bearing of these findings on the mechanism of hematopoiesis in beryllium-poisoned rabbits is discussed.
Much Ado About Ideas: The Cognitive Factor in Economic Policy

This article examines recent works that investigate how ideas acquire influence over economic policy choice. The revival of interest in the “material power of ideas” stems from discontent with the inability of rational interest-based models to explain particular policy outcomes, except by resorting to auxiliary assumptions. The works under review primarily apply “ideas approaches” as supplementary analytical devices to clarify the dynamics of policy choices. These studies succeed in illuminating the interpenetration of interests and ideas in order to plumb the problematic variability of interest formation and the degree of public influence over economic policy parameters. The bolder thesis that ideas have a force of their own (independent of all interests) is, however, misconceived and unproved.
Nonionic Triblock and Star Diblock Copolymer and Oligomeric Surfactant Syntheses of Highly Ordered, Hydrothermally Stable, Mesoporous Silica Structures

A family of highly ordered mesoporous (20−300 A) silica structures have been synthesized by the use of commercially available nonionic alkyl poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomeric surfactants and poly(alkylene oxide) block copolymers in acid media. Periodic arrangements of mescoscopically ordered pores with cubic Im3m, cubic Pm3m (or others), 3-d hexagonal (P63/mmc), 2-d hexagonal (p6mm), and lamellar (Lα) symmetries have been prepared. Under acidic conditions at room temperature, the nonionic oligomeric surfactants frequently form cubic or 3-d hexagonal mesoporous silica structures, while the nonionic triblock copolymers tend to form hexagonal (p6mm) mesoporous silica structures. A cubic mesoporous silica structure (SBA-11) with Pm3m diffraction symmetry has been synthesized in the presence of C16H33(OCH2CH2)10OH (C16EO10) surfactant species, while a 3-d hexagonal (P63/mmc) mesoporous silica structure (SBA-12) results when C18EO10 is used. Surfactants with short EO segments tend to form lamellar mesost...
An experimental study of sampling time effects on the resolving power of on-line two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography.

Abstract The experimental effects of sampling time on the resolving power of on-line LC × LC were investigated. The first dimension gradient time ( 1 t g ) and sampling time ( t s ) were systematically varied ( 1 t g = 5, 12, 24 and 49 min; t s = 6, 12, 21 and 40 s). The resolving power of on-line LC × LC was evaluated in terms of two metrics namely the numbers of observed peaks and the effective 2D peak capacities obtained in separations of extracts of maize seeds. The maximum effective peak capacity and number of observed peaks of LC × LC were achieved at sampling times between 12 and 21 s, at all first dimension gradient times. In addition, both metrics showed that the “crossover” time at which fully optimized 1DLC and LC × LC have equal resolving power varied somewhat with sampling time but is only about 5 min for sampling times of 12 and 21 s. The longest crossover time was obtained when the sampling time was 6 s. Furthermore, increasing the first dimension gradient time gave large improvements in the resolving power of LC × LC relative to 1DLC. Finally, comparisons of the corrected and effective 2D peak capacities as well as the number of peaks observed showed that the impact of the coverage factor is quite significant.
Expression of MACC1 and MET in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colonic neoplasia.

BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1), a newly identified regulator of HGF-MET signaling, may participate into the key steps of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma development. Given there are many pathogenetic distinctions between colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas, the potential roles of MACC1 in CAC carcinogenesis remain unknown. For the first time, we evaluated the expressions of MACC1 and MET in IBD-associated colitis, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. METHODS Expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays consisting of 13 normal colon, 11 active colitis, 9 dysplasia, 51 conventional CAC, 5 mucinous adenocarcinoma, and 1 signet ring cell adenocarcinoma specimens. The expression level of MACC1 or MET was evaluated with H-score system. RESULTS MACC1 expression was significantly higher in IBD-associated dysplasia than that in corresponding inflammatory or normal colonic tissue, and its level was further elevated from dysplasia to conventional CAC. Higher MACC1 expression was seen in a patient with CAC who had multifocal dysplasia or synchronous carcinoma. MACC1 overexpression (H-score >100) was seen in 67% of conventional CAC but in 0% of dysplasia and 0% of inflammation or normal colon. There was no difference of MACC1 expression found among well, moderately and poorly differentiated CAC. MET expressions in inflammation, dysplasia, and conventional CAC were statistically similar. No parallel expression of MACC1 and MET was detected in this study. MACC1 and MET expression was not increased in mucinous or signet ring cell carcinoma, 2 distinct variants of CAC. CONCLUSIONS Stepwise increase of MACC1 expression from IBD-associated colitis to dysplasia to adenocarcinoma suggests that MACC1 is strongly associated with conventional CAC tumorigenesis in a manner independent of MET. MACC1 may serve as a potential marker for early diagnosis of conventional CAC.
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks and the thermal evolution of continent collision belts

Coesite-bearing eclogites exposed in the Alpine, Qinling-Dabie (China), Caledonian, and Ural orogenic belts provide insight into the time-dependent thermal structure of continent collision belts. Coesite-bearing eclogites record peak metamorphic temperatures of 550-900°C at pressures ≥ 2.5 GPa reflecting anomalously cool conditions at depths of 90 km or more. The low temperatures recorded by coesite-bearing eclogites strongly suggest formation in a convergent plate margin where the downward advection of cool lithosphere depresses isotherms on a regional scale. Subduction zone pressure-temperature (P-T) paths calculated using a two-dimensional finite-difference model predict steady-state temperatures of 450-650°C at 100 km depth at the slab-mantle interface for convergence rates of 10 to 100 mm/yr. Coesite-bearing eclogites record peak temperatures ~100-250°C higher, possibly reflecting (i) formation during the early stages of convergence prior to the achievement of thermal steady state; (ii) attainment of peak metamorphic temperatures during decompression (exhumation); (iii) formation during slow, <10 mm/yr, convergence; or (iv) uncertainties in the modeling parameters. Retrograde P-T paths determined for coesite-bearing eclogites from the western Alps and China indicate cooling during decompression from depths of ~100 km. Cooling of eclogite terrains during exhumation requires loss of heat downward into lithosphere that continues to subduct beneath the eclogites, loss of heat upward into the cooler hanging wall of a large-scale normal fault/shear zone, or a combination of the two scenarios.
The changing distribution of physicians.

Abstract Over the past decade the problem of physician distribution has been the object of much research. Most past studies, however, have been cross sectional. In this study, ecological (county level) data for two decades are examined. Six consistent predictors of the physician/population ratio (PPR) were identified: the hospital bed/population ratio, per capita retail sales, percentage male professionals, per cent families with high income, the presence of a medical school and percentage of the population over 65 years of age. The percentage of physicians in group practice, recently lauded as a solution to problems of maldistribution, was found to be negatively related to change in the physician/population ratio. Predictions for more populous counties were found to be more accurate than those for less populous counties. Policy implications are discussed.
Information-deprivation and creativity.

An experiment tested the hypothesis that highly creative Ss have more need for information than Ss low in measured creativity. 36 Ss were selected from the extremes of a larger group who had taken the Remote Associates Test (RAT). 22 Ss scored high (highly creative) and 14 Ss scored low (low-creatives) on the RAT. All Ss were deprived of information, i.e., placed in a lightproof and relatively soundproof chamber, for 8 hr. After 1 to 5 hr. one-half the Ss at each level of creativity were given access to information (a choice between two sequences of photic stimulation differing as to their informational content). An instrumental response activated the apparatus and caused brief flashes of light to appear in the ceiling of the experimental chamber. Results support the hypothesized motivational effect.
Spatial Inhomogeneities in the Pulsed Glow Discharge

Image-converter measurements of a pulsed mercury-vapor argon discharge illustrate the spatial characteristics of the initial discharge breakdown at currents below and above the Pupp limit. It is shown that striations, with lifetimes greater than 5 msec are created in the pulsed discharge at currents approximately twice the Pupp limit. Rather complex spatial structures are found in the initiation of the discharge if it is pulsed at repetition rates which do not permit complete de-ionization between successive pulses. The results suggest caution and further experiments in the interpretation of structure in the afterglow emission of pulsed glow discharges.
Hepatic resection for metastatic gynecologic carcinomas

Abstract Objective. To report a series of cases of hepatic resection for metastatic gynecologic carcinomas. Methods. We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent hepatic resection for metachronous liver metastases from gynecologic carcinomas at our institution from 1986 to 1996. Results. Twelve patients were identified with a median age of 60 years (range 30–73 years). The primary sites of carcinoma were as follows: ovary, 7 (58%); cervix, 2 (17%); endometrium, 2 (17%); and fallopian tube, 1 (8%). The median disease-free interval before the diagnosis of liver metastasis was 32 months (range 1–243 months). The types of liver resections were as follows: trisegmentectomy, 4 (33%); lobectomy, 4 (33%); segmentectomy, 3 (25%); and wedge resection, 1 (8%). To remove all visible tumor with adequate margins, additional surgery included the following: resection of a portion of the diaphragm, 5 (42%); wedge resection of the right lung, 3 (25%); resection of a portion of the pericardium, 2 (17%); and adrenalectomy, 1 (8%). One patient (8%) had pulmonary wedge resections of bilateral pulmonary metastases. There was no perioperative mortality. Ten patients (83%) received additional chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 25 months (range 8–94 months), the median survival time is 27 months. Three patients (25%) have no evidence of tumor recurrence at 8, 17, and 38 months of follow-up. Nine patients (75%) have had tumor recurrence at a median of 12 months from the time of surgery. Conclusions. Hepatic resection of metachronous metastases from gynecologic carcinomas can be performed safely and may help prolong survival in carefully selected patients.
ErratumBalamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in an immunocompromised patient.

Balamuthia mandrillaris is a rare but increasingly recognized cause of amebic encephalitis, yet it remains poorly understood. The condition is almost universally fatal, and due to diagnostic difficulty, most cases are identified postmortem. The authors report a case of Balamuthia amebic encephalitis in a patient with combined variable immunodeficiency in which a rare antemortem diagnosis was made via brain biopsy. Despite broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy, the outcome was fatal. Such presentations are challenging, and definitive diagnosis may require biopsy in consultation with a skilled neuropathologist.
The changing effect of the ovary on rates of juvenile hormone synthesis in Diploptera punctata

The ovary is necessary for the cycle of juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by the corpora allata which normally accompanies oocyte development in mated adult Diploptera punctata (B. Stay and S. S. Tobe, Gen. Comp Endocrinol. 34, 276-286, 1978; B. Stay, S. S. Tobe, E. C. Mundall, and S. Rankin, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 52, 341-349, 1983). Implanting parts of the ovary into ovariectomized females showed that only the basal oocytes were capable of stimulating an increase in rates of JH synthesis (measured by an in vitro radiochemical assay) within 4 days of implantation; apical oocytes and the oviduct were ineffective. Ovariectomized 2-day-old, mated females were used to test the capacity of ovaries of various developmental stages to stimulate increases in rates of JH synthesis within 24 or 48 hr. Previtellogenic ovaries, with basal oocytes less than 0.8 mm long, and those near the end of vitellogenesis, with basal oocytes greater than 1.5 mm long, did not result in an increase in rates of JH synthesis above Ringer-injected controls. Vitellogenic ovaries within this size range did elicit an increase in rates of JH synthesis. Furthermore the degree of increase was dependent upon the size of the oocytes; the ovaries with largest oocytes showed the greatest capacity to increase rates of JH synthesis.
TH-D-L100J-02: Exact Image Reconstruction in Reverse Helical Cone-Beam CT for Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To propose an exact image reconstruction algorithm based on Pack‐Noo formula for a reverse helical cone‐beam CT(CBCT) which is potentially a useful scanning geometry for image‐acquisition in image‐guidedradiation therapy.Method and Materials: Last year, we proposed a novel scanning geometry named reverse helical trajectory for a CBCTimager mounted on a linear accelerator(LINAC)treatment system, and applied a chord‐based backprojection filtration (BPF) algorithm for exact image reconstruction. It was shown that there is a middle gap in the reconstructed image which is due to lack of chords passing through the gap. The gap was removed when we used an additional long line segment connecting the end points of the revere helices. However, larger patient dose and longer scan time due to additional line scan were pointed out as drawbacks of the proposed method. In this work, we applied Pack‐Noo formula, which does not depend on the existence of chords for reconstructing the exact image, to propose an exact image reconstruction algorithm for a reverse helical trajectory. Cone‐beam data requirement for the proposed algorithm was exploited to address the concept of reduced cone‐beam scan. A numerical study using 3D Shepp‐Logan phantom was performed. Results: We showed the proposed algorithm can reconstruct the image without any gap in the middle from the cone‐beam data acquired by a reverse helical scan. Additional line scan, which is necessary for chord‐based BPF algorithms to remove the middle gap, is not needed for exact image reconstruction with the proposed algorithm. Conclusion: A new algorithm based on Pack‐Noo formula for exact image reconstruction in reverse helical cone‐beam CT was proposed. Without any additional line scan which is necessary for chord‐based BPF algorithms to reconstruct the complete image, the proposed algorithm successfully reconstructed the image.
New BEDT-TTF salts incorporating the hydrogen dichloride (HCl2-) anion

Salts of the π-donor bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) have been isolated with hydrogen dichloride (HCl2-) as the counterion. Two phases were obtained, α‘-BEDT-TTF2(HCl2) (1) and e-BEDT-TTF(HCl2) (2), by electrocrystallization from solvent mixtures containing ClCH2COCl. Like previously described α‘-BEDT-TTF2X salts, 1 contains sheets of twisted BEDT-TTF dimers, and conductivity and magnetic susceptibility are consistent with a description of nearly localized (BEDT-TTF)2+ radicals. Salt 2, space group C2/m, undergoes an anion ordering structural phase transition near 200 K, resulting in a new low-temperature phase e‘-BEDT-TTF(HCl2) (3) with space group P21/c. Below 170 K, 3 undergoes a magnetic phase transition seen in electron paramagnetic resonance data. The HCl2- ion is linear in 1 but bent in 2 and 3. α‘-(BEDT-TTF)2(HCl2), 1, crystallizes in the P2/c space group with a = 7.7023(1) A, b = 6.6140(1) A, c = 30.1077(6) A, β = 96.506(1)°, V = 1523.90(4) A3, and Z = 2. e-BEDT-TTF(HCl2), 2, cry...
A novel technique for visualizing high-resolution 3D terrain maps

A new technique is presented for visualizing high-resolution terrain elevation data. It produces realistic images at small scales on the order of the data resolution and works particularly well when natural objects are present. Better visualization at small scales opens up new applications, like site surveillance for security and Google Earth-type local search and exploration tasks that are now done with 2-D maps. The large 3-D maps are a natural for high-resolution stereo display. The traditional technique drapes a continuous surface over the regularly spaced elevation values. This technique works well when displaying large areas or in cities with large buildings, but falls apart at small scales or for natural objects like trees. The new technique visualizes the terrain as a set of disjoint square patches. It is combined with an algorithm that identifies smooth areas within the scene. Where the terrain is smooth, such as in grassy areas, roads, parking lots and rooftops, it warps the patches to create a smooth surface. For trees or shrubs or other areas where objects are under-sampled, however, the patches are left disjoint. This has the disadvantage of leaving gaps in the data, but the human mind is very adept at filling in this missing information. It has the strong advantage of making natural terrain look realistic, trees and bushes look stylized but still look natural and are easy to interpret. Also, it does not add artifacts to the map, like filling in blank vertical walls where there are alcoves and other structure and extending bridges and overpasses down to the ground. The new technique is illustrated using very large 1-m resolution 3-D maps from the Rapid Terrain Visualization (RTV) program, and comparisons are made with traditional visualizations using these maps.
Astrocytes produce CNTF during the remyelination phase of viral-induced spinal cord demyelination to stimulate FGF-2 production

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by multiple lesions with selective loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes, leading to deficits of sensation and movement, as well as cognitive disabilities. Consequently, a major research endeavor is to identify strategies to enhance oligodendrocyte regeneration and remyelination. FGF-2 is a potent mitogen for OPCs, and it is induced in astrocytes in animal models of demyelinating diseases in conjunction with successful remyelination. However, the factors responsible for inducing FGF-2 after demyelination in astrocytes are unknown. Here we show that CNTF mRNA and protein increase coincident with spinal cord remyelination in mice recovering from MHV-induced demyelination. We identify CNTF within astrocytes surrounding and within remyelinating lesions, and show that CNTF increases FGF-2 ligand and receptor mRNAs in spinal cord after direct application. Furthermore, we show that CNTF increases FGF-2 mRNA approximately 2.5-fold in cultured mouse spinal cord astrocytes. Altogether, these results strongly implicate CNTF as an important cytokine in demyelinating disease and as an upstream regulator of FGF-2 production in astrocytes during early remyelination.
Spin-one Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations and intermediate-energy deuteron-nucleus scattering.

We present a description of the spin-one Kemmer-Duffin-Petiau equations. An effective second-order equation is obtained for various types of interactions. An argument is given for the use of one particular form of interaction for deuteron-nucleus scattering. This provides the basis for a generalization of the standard Watanabe model in which Dirac scalar and vector nucleon-nucleus potentials are used as input. Parameter-free calculations are performed using both phenomenological and microscopic nucleon-nucleus potentials, and results are compared with deuteron-nucleus elastic scattering data at 400 and 700 MeV. Qualitative agreement is generally obtained. A good description of the forward-angle vector analyzing power data is achieved.
A semi-empirical method for the calculation of spin—orbit splitting in degenerate electronic states of linear polyatomic molecules

Abstract A semiempirical method for the calculation of spin—orbit coupling constants in linear polyatomic molecules is discussed. The method uses the readily available output from a CNDO/2 calculation and a set of effective atomic coupling constants obtained from observed spectroscopic data on atoms. Two procedures for obtaining the spin—orbit splitting are discussed: one based on a closed shell CNDO/2 calculation and one based on an open shell calculation. The average error for the molecules studied was 6.8% and 7.7% for the two procedures used in the calculations, the easier closed shell procedure giving the lower percentage error. It should be noted that the largest errors occurred in the case of diatomic molecules where the error would be expected to be the greatest. Thus, the average error involved in the values of the spin—orbit splitting for polyatomic molecules is much less than 3.7% for the closed shell procedure. The method used appears to be extendable to non-linear molecules in which the only atoms off the principle symmetry axis of the molecules are hydrogen. The method should be useful in the interpretation of photoelectron spectra.
Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents in rabbit heterolamellar corneal transplant model.

Bovine cornea (epithelium and stroma) was transplanted on to the rabbit cornea from which the epithelium and stroma had been removed. Conjuntival hyperemia and edema occurred from day 1–5 post-operation, followed by neovascularization and graft rejection within 7–10 days. Topical dexamethasone (0.1%) and prednisolone (1%) t.i.d. inhibited post-surgical hyperemia, edema, delayed hypersensitivity and neovascularization. These agents and the immunosuppressants (cyclosporin A and rapamycin) inhibited graft rejection observed up to 20 days. After cessation of treatment on the 2oth day, grafts remained viable up to 35 days with dexamethasone, 10 days with prednisolone and rapamycin, and 5 days with cyclosporin A.
Molecular and stable carbon isotopic characterization of PAH contaminants at McMurdo Station, Antarctica

The molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of contaminant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at McMurdo Station, Antarctica were analyzed in samples collected from land and sub-tidal area. PAHs in the study areas were characterized by high amounts of naphthalene and alkylated naphthalenes from petroleum products introduced by human activities in the area. Principal component analysis (PCA) of PAH composition data identified multiple sources of PAH contamination in the study area. Compositional assignments of origins were confirmed using compound specific stable carbon isotopic analysis.
Decay Estimates for a Class of Second-Order Quasilinear Equations in Three Dimensions

In a recent paper [1] the authors made use of differential inequality techniques to derive exponential decay estimates for a class of second-order quasilinear equations (not necessarily elliptic) in the plane. Specifically they were concerned with solutions of equations in divergence form defined in a semi-infinite strip, with non-zero boundary data on one end only. Decay estimates in various norms were derived.
Optimizing voice in conservation surgery for glottic cancer

Endoscopic and open resection techniques for glottic carcinoma will be discussed. Technical aspects of both resection and reconstruction that allow for optimizing voice will be emphasized.
Application of Infrared Spectrometric Techniques to the Quantitative Analysis of Hydraulic Fluids

A hydraulic fluid qualified in accordance with Specification MIL-H-6083c was studied by infrared spectrometric techniques. An absorption band suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analyses was found for each of the five additives contained in the hydraulic fluid. The minimum detectable change in concentration for each additive was determined for the concentration ranges studied based upon the reproducibility of the band intensities. “The views of the author do not purport to reflect the position of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.” Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the ASLE/ ASME Lubrication Conference held in Houston, Texas, October 14–16, 1969
Changes in binucleation and cellular dimensions of rat left atrial myocytes after induced left ventricular infarction.

The left atrium of young rats has previously been demonstrated to respond with DNA synthesis and binucleation 11 days after left ventricular infarction. This investigation was designed to examine the hypertrophic response of the left atrial myocyte of the rat at 20 and 60 days after ventricular infarction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left coronary artery ligation (CAL) or sham operation. Following enzymatic separation, left atrial myocytes were examined at 20 and 60 days postoperation for number of nuclei and cellular dimensions (cell length, width and area, and nuclear area). Results demonstrated that the level of binucleation at 20 days (77.3%) and 60 days (71.3%) was nearly twice that observed in sham-operated animals, which were 33.1% binucleated at 20 days and 43.5% binucleated at 60 days. In both mononu-cleated and binucleated myocytes, the mean lengths, widths, and cell areas from CAL hearts were significantly greater than those of corresponding sham-operated animals. In all cases, these values were larger in binucleated myocytes than in mononucleated cells. The mean area of CAL cells was approximately twice that of sham-operated myocytes. With regard to mean lengths and widths, although both were greater in the CAL animals, there was a decrease in length and increase in width between 20 and 60 days in the CAL group. Mean nuclear areas were significantly greater in CAL myocytes than in those from the sham-operated group. These increases in nuclear number and cellular dimensions of the atrial myocyte are prominent features of the response to the stress imposed by left ventricular infarction.
Local action of thyroxine on amphibian metamorphosis. V. Cell division in the eye of anuran larvae effected by thyroxine-cholesterol implants.

To determine whether or not thyroxine stimulates cell division in the tadpole eye by acting directly upon ocular tissues, thyroxine-cholesterol and cholesterol control pellets were implanted into the vitreous chambers on opposite sides of young Rana larvae. From 1 to 20 days later some of the larvae were exposed to tritiated thymidine. Scintillation counting indicated more radioactivity in the thyroxine-treated eyes than in the contralateral control eyes, and radioautography showed that it was located in nuclei in the ora serrata of the retina and in the epithelia of the lens and cornea. Mitotic figures were found in similar locations in the eyes of tadpoles fixed at five day intervals, up to 45 days after pellet implantation; striking increases in mitotic activity were induced in the eyes containing thyroxine implants. As long as 35 days post implantation there was little, if any, advancement of metamorphic changes in other regions of the tadpoles including such structures as the hind limbs and the control eyes; even development of accessory ocular structures near the thyroxine-treated eyes (such as eyelids, nictitating membrane and extrinsic ocular muscles) was not enhanced. The precocious unilateral stimulation of cell division in the retina, lens, and cornea of eyes containing thyroxine implants indicates a direct, local action of thyroxine upon ocular tissues. This suggests that during normal metamorphosis cell division in the eye is probably brought about by the direct, peripheral action of thyroid hormone.