cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phased Array Feed Model Equations corresponding to two definitions of embedded beam pattern

In this report, we present the phased array feed (PAF) model equations for two definitions of embedded beam patterns. In Roshi \& Fisher (2016), we presented the PAF model by defining the embedded beam pattern as the beam pattern due to a 1 V excitation to one port and all other ports short circuited. This embedded beam pattern is referred to as voltage-embedded-beam (VEB). The embedded beam pattern can also be defined as the beam pattern due to a 1 A excitation to one port and all other ports open circuited. This definition is usually used in engineering literature and we refer to the pattern as current-embedded-beam (CEB). Here we derive the relationship between the two embedded beam patterns and present the corresponding model equations.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms in a cohort of Asian children.

Background/objectives Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is rare but potentially fatal in children. Fever and rash, which are salient features of DRESS, may mimic other commonly encountered pediatric conditions. We profiled the DRESS cases in a tertiary children's hospital in Singapore. Methods The medical records of all pediatric DRESS patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2016. Data on epidemiology, inciting drugs, clinical, pathologic manifestations, and treatment were assessed. Results Ten patients aged 4-16 years old were diagnosed with DRESS within the 10-year period. Drugs implicated were antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, and levetiracetam. All patients had fever and pruritic exanthems. Desquamation, purpura, and oral mucositis were also observed. Lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and facial edema occurred frequently. There was liver involvement in all cases, but none progressed to liver failure. Seven patients had eosinophilia, and nine had atypical lymphocytosis. Other laboratory abnormalities included low hemoglobin, thrombocytosis, and prolonged coagulation times. All patients received systemic corticosteroids of varying durations and dosages. Systemic steroids were weaned after 19 days to 4 months. Disease resolution, with liver enzyme levels returning to normal, occurred within 28-90 days. One patient developed TSH-receptor-antibody-positive hyperthyroidism 6 months after the onset of DRESS, while another patient developed chronic urticaria 4 months after resolution of DRESS. Conclusion Early recognition of DRESS is important to ensure that the inciting drug is discontinued, and supportive treatment started expediently. Liver involvement was very common but responded well to systemic steroids.
Inhibition of Anaplerotic Glutaminolysis Underlies Selenite Toxicity in Human Lung Cancer

Large clinical trials and model systems studies suggest that the chemical form of selenium dictates chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Selenite induces excess ROS production, which mediates autophagy and eventual cell death in non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma A549 cells. As the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic effects are unclear, the clinical relevance of selenite for cancer therapy remains to be determined. The authors' previous stable isotope-resolved metabolomics and gene expression analysis showed that selenite disrupts glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and polyamine metabolism in A549 cells, potentially through perturbed glutaminolysis, a vital anaplerotic process for proliferation of many cancer cells. Herein, the role of the glutaminolytic enzyme glutaminase 1 (GLS1) in selenite's toxicity in A549 cells and in patient-derived lung cancer tissues is investigated. Using [13 C6 ]-glucose and [13 C5 ,15 N2 ]-glutamine tracers, selenite's action on metabolic networks is determined. Selenite inhibits glutaminolysis and glutathione synthesis by suppressing GLS1 expression, and blocks the Krebs cycle, but transiently activates pyruvate carboxylase activity. Glutamate supplementation partially rescues these anti-proliferative and oxidative stress activities. Similar metabolic perturbations and necrosis are observed in selenite-treated human patients' cancerous lung tissues ex vivo. The results support the hypothesis that GLS1 suppression mediates part of the anti-cancer activity of selenite both in vitro and ex vivo.
NASA's use of McIDAS technology - A data systems tool for meteorological research and applications

The Earth Science and Applications Division of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center has been chartered to conduct research, and to develop and use space technology to gain a basic understanding of the earth processes with emphasis on atmospheric processes. An integral part of the research and development efforts has been the Man computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS). The McIDAS computer system has permitted integration of data from satellites, aircraft remote sensors, ground based meteorological data sources, and modeled atmospheric radiances. The result has been an increase in knowlege of mesoscale atmospheric processes and has enabled researchers to recommend improvements and suggestions for planned future remote sensing instruments.
Heat shock protein 90 inhibition in the inflamed lungs

Heat shock protein 90 is a highly conserved molecular chaperone, essential for cellular survival under diverse environments. Since this protein is employed by tumors to promote their prevalence, heat shock protein 90 inhibitors have been developed to oppose malignancies. The anti-cancer effects of those compounds appear to be associated with anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, ongoing laborious efforts investigate the possible application of those agents towards inflammatory disorders of the lungs, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Multivariate Neural Connectivity Patterns in Early Infancy Predict Later Autism Symptoms.

Abstract Background Functional brain connectivity is altered in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Functional disruption during infancy could provide earlier markers of ASD, thus providing a crucial opportunity to improve developmental outcomes. Using a whole-brain multivariate approach, we asked whether electroencephalography measures of neural connectivity at 3 months of age predict autism symptoms at 18 months. Methods Spontaneous electroencephalography data were collected from 65 infants with and without familial risk for ASD at 3 months of age. Neural connectivity patterns were quantified using phase coherence in the alpha range (6–12 Hz). Support vector regression analysis was used to predict ASD symptoms at age 18 months, with ASD symptoms quantified by the Toddler Module of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition. Results Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores predicted by support vector regression algorithms trained on 3-month electroencephalography data correlated highly with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule scores measured at 18 months (r = .76, p = .02, root-mean-square error = 2.38). Specifically, lower frontal connectivity and higher right temporoparietal connectivity at 3 months predicted higher ASD symptoms at 18 months. The support vector regression model did not predict cognitive abilities at 18 months (r = .15, p = .36), suggesting specificity of these brain patterns to ASD. Conclusions Using a data-driven, unbiased analytic approach, neural connectivity across frontal and temporoparietal regions at 3 months predicted ASD symptoms at 18 months. Identifying early neural differences that precede an ASD diagnosis could promote closer monitoring of infants who show signs of neural risk and provide a crucial opportunity to mediate outcomes through early intervention.
Inter)Active Learning Tools and Pedagogical Strategies in Educational Leadership Preparation

This article presents three types of (inter)active learning pedagogical tools to better prepare future administrators for complex, real-world tasks. We propose a framework of narrative linearity an...
The actin nucleation factors JMY and WHAMM enable a rapid p53-dependent pathway of apoptosis

The actin cytoskeleton is a well-known player in most vital cellular processes, but comparably little is understood about how the actin assembly machinery impacts programmed cell death pathways. In the current study, we explored roles for the human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation factors in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of each WASP-family gene revealed that two, JMY and WHAMM, are required for rapid apoptotic responses. JMY and WHAMM enable p53-dependent cell death by enhancing mitochondrial permeabilization, initiator caspase cleavage, and executioner caspase activation. The loss of JMY additionally results in significant changes in gene expression, including upregulation of the small G-protein RhoD. Depletion or deletion of RHOD increases cell death, suggesting that RhoD normally plays a key role in cell survival. These results give rise to a model in which JMY and WHAMM promote intrinsic cell death responses that can be opposed by RhoD.
America First: The Trump Effect on Climate Change Policy

Just when the world’s leaders needed to unite to halt the runaway effects of global climate change, the U.S., the largest historic contributor to greenhouse gases, elected a president in 2016 who vowed to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement and to roll back all of the limited environmental regulations that had been put in place by his predecessor, Barack Obama. Donald Trump was elected by a minority of the American people through a peculiarity in the American political system known as the Electoral College. Defying every tradition of democratic rule, and with the assistance of a compliant Republican majority in the Senate, a base of hardcore public supporters and a right-wing media, he has managed to assert his particular brand of authoritarian nationalism on policymaking. Through the use of a variety of sources—U.S. government documents, U.N. reports, the reports of environmental watchdog groups, scholarly and news articles, this qualitative case study lays out the historical context in which Trump’s attacks on the environment arose, examines his actions thus far to roll back progress on climate change, and demonstrates that sub-state and non-state actors have become new protagonists in the national and global effort to prevent dangerous climate change. While these efforts are important, much depends on whether Trump can be replaced by a Democratic congress and presidency backed by strong public pressure.
324 The complexity of decision-making for risk-reducing surgery in women with lynch syndrome

Introduction Risk-reducing surgery (RRS) in Lynch Syndrome effectively prevents endometrial and ovarian cancers. Guidelines recommend discussing prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) by age 40–45 for women with MLH1 or MSH2 mutations but lack consensus for timing of surgery. This study aims to define factors that impact decision-making for RRS. Methods This IRB-approved retrospective study assessed 282 women with Lynch Syndrome with records from 2002–2020. Those preoperatively diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia or cancer were excluded (n=75). The cohort was divided by mutation and age. Medical history was collected. Comparisons were made with Chi-Squared, McNemar, and Fisher exact tests. Compliance was calculated as the proportion of patients who underwent RRS by the specified age compared to all who met that age. Results For MLH1 and MSH2 mutation carriers, compliance increased from 47.6% by age 45 to 68.4% by age 50 (p=0.001). Ten patients with prior bowel surgery or pelvic radiation underwent RRS by age 50 compared to 42 patients without this history (p=0.001). Compliance was 41.7% and 80.8% respectively. Surgery by age 50 included: 46 (88.5%) hysterectomy with BSO, 5 (9.6%) hysterectomy alone, and 1 (1.9%) BSO alone. The patient who underwent BSO alone had prior bowel surgery and radiation. Conclusion The decision to undergo RRS in women with Lynch Syndrome is complex and often individualized. Factors that impact the compliance and timing of surgery include age, mutation status, and prior bowel surgery or pelvic radiation.
Isolation of cold-adapted nitrate-reducing fungi that have potential to increase nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors

AIMS The aim of this study was to obtain cold-adapted denitrifying fungi that could be used for bioaugmentation in woodchip bioreactors to remove nitrate from agricultural subsurface drainage water. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated a total of 91 nitrate-reducing fungal strains belonging to Ascomycota and Mucoromycota from agricultural soil and a woodchip bioreactor under relatively cold conditions (5 and 15°C). When these strains were incubated with 15 N-labelled nitrate, 29 N2 was frequently produced, suggesting the occurrence of co-denitrification (microbially mediated nitrosation). Two strains also produced 30 N2 , indicating their ability to reduce N2 O. Of the 91 nitrate-reducing fungal strains, fungal nitrite reductase gene (nirK) and cytochrome P450 nitric oxide reductase gene (p450nor) were detected by PCR in 34 (37%) and 11 (12%) strains, respectively. Eight strains possessed both nirK and p450nor, further verifying their denitrification capability. In addition, most strains degraded cellulose under denitrification condition. CONCLUSIONS Diverse nitrate-reducing fungi were isolated from soil and a woodchip bioreactor. These fungi reduced nitrate to gaseous N forms at relatively low temperatures. These cold-adapted, cellulose-degrading and nitrate-reducing fungi could support themselves and other denitrifiers in woodchip bioreactors. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The cold-adapted, cellulose-degrading and nitrate-reducing fungi isolated in this study could be useful to enhance nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors under low-temperature conditions.
Hydration of tricalcium aluminate and gypsum pastes on the International Space Station

Abstract A microstructural analysis of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and gypsum pastes that hydrated in microgravity (10-6 g relative to Earth’s gravity) were studied and compared to identical samples processed in terrestrial gravity (1g). The experiments were conducted by astronauts onboard the International Space Station (ISS) to understand the influence that microgravity has on the hydration of the cementitious systems. The samples were either quenched with isopropyl alcohol to track any microstructural differences as a function of time or were left to hydrate for the duration of their presence on the ISS. At early ages, the microgravity samples exhibit a comparatively differing microstructure. The dissolution of the gypsum is influenced by the microgravity environment and exhibits unique features such as heavy striations and, at lower gypsum concentrations, a thin reaction shell outlining the original gypsum morphology that persists through the first day of hydration.
Long and short interpregnancy intervals increase severe maternal morbidity.

Background Severe maternal morbidity is a composite variable that includes adverse maternal outcomes during pregnancy that are associated with maternal mortality. Previous literature has shown that interpregnancy interval is associated with preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and low birthweight, but the association of interpregnancy interval and composite severe maternal morbidity is not well studied. Objective We sought to determine the relationship between interpregnancy interval (stratified as Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of multiparous women 15 to 54 years old with singleton, nonanomalous births between 23 and 42 weeks gestation in California (2007–2012). We defined severe maternal morbidity as the composite score of a published list of the International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision, diagnoses and procedure codes, provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We used chi-square tests for categorical variables, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association of interpregnancy interval (independent variable) with severe maternal morbidity (dependent variable), adjusted for maternal race and ethnicity, age, education, body mass index, insurance, prenatal care, smoking status, and maternal comorbidity index score. Results Here, 1,669,912 women met the inclusion criteria, and of these women, 14,529 (0.87%) had severe maternal morbidity and 4712 (0.28%) had nontransfusion severe maternal morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression models showed that compared with women with 18 to 23 months interpregnancy interval, women with an interpregnancy interval of Conclusion The risk of severe maternal morbidity was higher in women with short interpregnancy interval (
A Reconfigurable Nonlinear Autopilot

The paper proposes a reconfigurable flight-control system for the tracking of altitude, heading, sideslip, and velocity commands. The control law can serve for the command of unmanned air vehicles or as an autopilot for piloted aircraft. The inner core of the algorithm consists of a reconfigurable control system providing tracking of pitch-, roll-, and yaw-rate commands. It is based on a model reference control law and a stabilized recursive least-squares algorithm. The outer loop is based on a linear design, with compensation for the nonlinear couplings arising from flight dynamics. Some parameters of the outer loop are identified in real time in order to adapt to varying flight conditions. The algorithm is evaluated using a nonlinear F-16 simulation model. The results demonstrate the consistent performance of the algorithm through various flight conditions, as well as its turn coordination capabilities, its reconfiguration after a floating left elevator failure, its ability to move across the power curve, and its tolerance to measurement noise and turbulence.
Applicant Characteristics Associated with Glaucoma Fellowship Match from 2010 to 2017.

Purpose To describe trends in the glaucoma fellowship match results, glaucoma applicant characteristics, and applicant characteristics associated with matching. Design Retrospective study. Participants Ophthalmology fellowship applicants participating in the San Francisco (SF) Match between 2010 and 2017. Methods De-identified, individual applicant data provided by the San Francisco (SF) Match were used to describe glaucoma fellowship match trends and applicant characteristics between 2010 and 2017. Publicly available, conglomerate SF Match data were used to determine trends in the number of programs participating in the glaucoma fellowship match, as well as the number of positions offered and filled from 2014 to 2019. All trends analyses were performed using linear regression models on log-transformed response variables. Summary statistics for applicants who matched in glaucoma were compared with those who did not match. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate factors associated with matching in glaucoma fellowship. Main Outcome Measures Fellowship match status (matched in glaucoma vs. did not match in any ophthalmology subspecialty). Results From 2010 to 2019, the number of matched glaucoma fellowship applicants increased from 54 to 77 (mean 3.3% per year, P = 0.001), and the proportion of applicants to any ophthalmology fellowship who matched in glaucoma increased from 13% to 15.5% (mean, 3% per year; P = 0.041). Compared with applicants who did not match in any specialty between 2010 and 2017, matched glaucoma applicants were more likely to have graduated from a top 10 residency program (10.7% vs. 4.5%, P Conclusions The number of applicants who matched in glaucoma fellowship increased from 2010 to 2019. Factors associated with matching in glaucoma were graduating from a U.S. residency program and completing more interviews.
Artistic Creation: A Phenomenological Account: by Jeff Mitscherling and Paul Fairfield, Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2019, 176 pp., $90.00/£60.00 (cloth)

Jeff Mitscherling and Paul Fairfield, two Canadian philosophers, struggle, as have artists and scholars across disciplines before them, to solve the riddle of what artistic creation is all about. T...
Shrinking Gels Pull Cells

Since the days of van Leeuwenhoek in the 1600s, cell biologists have marveled at how cells crawl. Although much is understood about the contractile forces generated at the leading edge of the crawling cell, little is known about the retraction force at the rear of the cell. In their Perspective, [Mogilner and Oster][1] discuss new work ([ Miao et al .][2]) in an in vitro system consisting of nematode sperm cell extracts that reveals how the retraction force is generated. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/302/5649/1340 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/302/5649/1405
A 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidation product is a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic agonist in rat cortical neurons.

Applications of solutions of 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine (TOPA or 6-hydroxyDOPA) to rat cortical neurons in culture monitored under whole-cell voltage clamp with patch electrodes resulted in currents which could be nearly completely blocked by the non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), but only weakly antagonized by the NMDA antagonist D,L-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV). Thus, TOPA can generate glutamatergic responses by interacting preferentially with non-NMDA receptors in cortical neurons. As these results show that a product closely related to the catecholamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) has glutamatergic agonist properties, it is conceivable that catecholamine-containing brain areas may be at special risk for excitotoxic damage under certain conditions.
The efficacy of iSTART extended practice: low ability students catch up

iSTART is an Intelligent Tutoring System designed to improve students' reading comprehension skills iSTART was the main component in a long term experiment (across a full academic year) with 389 students who completed a pretest, interacted with iSTART for 6 months, and then completed a posttest A new extended practice module was implemented, which provided students with repeated practice across a variety of texts Analyses found improvement in performance for all students, and indicate that students' initial self-explanation abilities may differ, but these abilities improve and converge as a function of practice.
Image recognition in single-scale and multiscale decoders

At best, evaluation of image coders using PSNR is of questionable perceptual validity. But for several types of algorithms, including those with spatially scalable decoders, PSNR might not even be computable, and other methods of evaluation must be used. With a simple reordering of the transmitted bit stream, the SPIHT algorithm can be made spatially scalable without any loss in performance or in progressivity. We present experimental results comparing this multiscale SPIHT (MSPIHT) against SPIHT in terms of the bit rates at which viewers recognize objects in the reconstructed images. MSPIHT is also compared with SPIHT images which have been downsampled to the same scale as the MSPIHT images. We show that viewers are able to recognize reduced-scale images, such as those compressed by MSPIHT, substantially earlier than images compressed by SPIHT.
Association-dissociation Properties of NaBH4-reduced Phosphorylase b

Molecular weight studies show that rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase is composed of monomeric units with a weight of 9.25 - 10 x 104 daltons (1,2). The enzyme exists as dimers and tetramers, and it has been shown that both phosphorylase b and a undergo dissociation- association reactions which affect enzymic activity (3,4). The formation of the monomer was first demonstrated by Madsen and Cori (5) by reaction of phosphorylase with PMB. Other methods have been used but all of these are rather stringent, and it has not been established whether the monomeric form has catalytic activity. Recent studies with NaBH4-reduced phosphorylase showed that monomer formation can occur upon enzyme dilution (6). This fact and other studies of its subunit structure (7) led us to study the association-dissociation properties of NaBH4-reduced phosphorylase* to determine whether the monomeric form of this enzyme is catalytically active.
Human placental lactogen (HPL), a trophoblastic hormone synergizing with chorionic gonadotropin and potentiating the anabolic effects of pituitary growth hormone

Abstract Data obtained from immunologic and biologic assays of trophoblast, pituitaries, urine, and sera of pregnant women demonstrate a similar pattern of production and excretion of human placental lactogen (HPL) as that already known for human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The placental secretion of HPL may well be essential for the development of the corpus luteum of pregnancy. HPL is also shown to markedly potentiate the anabolic effects of human pituitary growth hormone (HGH) in growth assays performed in hypophysectomized rats. It is, therefore, proposed that HPL is a second hormone, unique to fetal trophoblast.
Activation of Ras in vitro and in intact fibroblasts by the vav guanine nucleotide exchange protein

We recently identified Vav, the product of the vav proto-oncogene, as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ras. Vav is enzymatically activated by lymphocyte antigen receptor-coupled protein tyrosine kinases or independently by diglycerides. To further evaluate the physiological role of Vav, we assessed its GDP-GTP exchange activity against several Ras-related proteins in vitro and determined whether Vav activation in transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts correlates with the activity status of Ras and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. In vitro translated purified Vav activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or phosphorylation with recombinant p56lck displayed GEF activity against Ras but not against recombinant RacI, RacII, Ral, or RhoA proteins. Expression of vav or proto-vav in stably transfected NIH 3T3 cells led to a approximately 10-fold increase in basal or PMA-stimulated Ras exchange activity, respectively, in total-cell lysates and Vav immunoprecipitates. Elevated GEF activity was paralleled in each case by a significant increase in the proportion of active, GTP-bound Ras. PMA had a minimal effect on the low Ras. GTP level in untransfected control fibroblasts but increased it from 20 to 37% in proto-vav-transfected cells. vav-transfected cells displayed a constitutively elevated Ras. GTP level (35%), which was not increased further by PMA treatment. MAP kinases, known downstream intermediates in Ras-dependent signaling pathways, similarly exhibited increased basal or PMA-stimulated activity in Vav-expressing cells by comparison with normal NIH 3T3 cells. These results demonstrate a physiologic interaction between Vav and its target, Ras, leading to MAP kinase activation.
Partial purification of a proteolytic enzyme from an insect, Phormia regina☆

Abstract 1. 1. The larva of the blowfly, P. regina, excretes a complex of proteolytic enzymes into the culture medium during its growth period. 2. 2. A partially purified protease has been obtained by (NH4)2SO4 and acid precipitation. With casein as a substrate, maximal activity was obtained in the pH range 7.8–8.3. The activity was unaffected by p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetic acid, Mg++, Mn++ or NaCl. 3. 3. N benzoyl- l -arginine ethyl ester and N benzoyl- l -argininamide were degraded by the purified fraction. 4. 4. The soybean trypsin inhibitor inhibited approximately 85% of the protease activity and 75% of the esterase activity. 5. 5. Crude preparations contained enzymes capable of degrading glycylglycylglycine, leucylglycylglycine, and carbobenzoxyglycyl- l -phenylalanine. Purification resulted in removal of all but this last activity. 6. 6. The insect enzyme resembled trypsin in some of its properties but appears to be more stable and less soluble at an acid pH than the pancreatic enzyme.
Novel CsAl2PO6 of pollucite structure: Synthesis and characterization

Abstract A novel cesium aluminophosphate, CsAl2PO6 of pollucite structure was crystallized under mild hydrothermal conditions using reactive Cs, Al and P components. The CsAl2PO6 has a cubic unit cell with the lattice constant a o = 13.54 A and with cell volume of 2480A3. The new CsAl2PO6 phase is potentially useful as a cesium host in phosphatic waste forms of high-level nuclear wastes.
Free-Stream Turbulence Effects on Convex-Curved Turbulent Boundary Layers

Free-stream turbulence intensity effects on a convex-curvd turbulent boundary layer are investigated. An attached fully turbulent bounarylayer is grown on a flat plate and is then introduced to a downstream section where the test wall is convexly curved, having a constant radius of curvature. Two cases, with free-stream turbulence intensities of 1.85 and 0.65%, are discussed. They were taken in the same facility and with the same strength of curvature, {delta}/R = 0.03 {minus} 0.045. The two cases have similar flow conditions upon entry to the curve, thus separating the free-stream turbulence effects under study from other effects. The higher turbulence case displayed stronger curvature effects on the skin friction coefficient C{sub f}, and on streamwise-normal and shear stress profiles, than observed in the lower turbulence case. Observations of this are: (1) As expected, the higher turbulence case has a higher C{sub f} value ({approximately}5%) upstream of the curve than does the lower turbulence case, but this difference diminishes by the end of the curve. (2) Streamwise turbulence intensity profiles, differing upstream of the curve for the two cases, are found to be similar near the end of the curve, thus indicating that the effect of the curvature observed inmore » the lower turbulence intensity case, and reported previously, e.g., a dramatic response to the introduction of curvature and the rapid assumption of an asymptotic shape within the curve, are also seen in the higher turbulence case.« less
Functional characterization of piggyBat from the bat Myotis lucifugus unveils an active mammalian DNA transposon

A revelation of the genomic age has been the contributions of the mobile DNA segments called transposable elements to chromosome structure, function, and evolution in virtually all organisms. Substantial fractions of vertebrate genomes derive from transposable elements, being dominated by retroelements that move via RNA intermediates. Although many of these elements have been inactivated by mutation, several active retroelements remain. Vertebrate genomes also contain substantial quantities and a high diversity of cut-and-paste DNA transposons, but no active representative of this class has been identified in mammals. Here we show that a cut-and-paste element called piggyBat, which has recently invaded the genome of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and is a member of the piggyBac superfamily, is active in its native form in transposition assays in bat and human cultured cells, as well as in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study suggests that some DNA transposons are still actively shaping some mammalian genomes and reveals an unprecedented opportunity to study the mechanism, regulation, and genomic impact of cut-and-paste transposition in a natural mammalian host.
Differential radiography by electro-optical means

Differential radiography is arteriography in which electronic and optical methods are employed to display only the difference in information stored on two radiographs. Current practice in arteriography is to compare visually a radiograph made subsequent to the injection of a radiopaque dye with a radiograph taken from the same position but prior to the injection of the dye. The first radiograph contains structural information primarily whereas the second contains structural information plus the circulatory information made visible by the opaque dye. In differential radiography, the two radiographs are viewed and subtracted electronically--only the difference is displayed for the observer.
Colosplenopleural fistula: An unusual colonic fistula in a 44-year-old male with Crohn's disease

A 44-year-old male with a history of well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus disease and Crohn's disease presented with fever, cough, and left-sided chest pain with radiation to his back. His medical history was notable for a medically managed spontaneous microperforation of the colon at the splenic flexure 30 months prior, and recurrent left-lower-lobe pneumonia with empyema and a splenic abscess within the past 24 months. CT demonstrated a complex left pleural fluid collection with fistulous connection through the spleen and into the large bowel. The patient tolerated a diverting loop ileostomy without complications and was discharged home with plans for resection of the fistulous tract and splenectomy in several months.
Congenital cardiac anomalies and white matter injury

Cardiac abnormalities are the most common birth defects. Derangement of circulatory flow affects many vital organs; without proper supply of oxygenated blood, the brain is particularly vulnerable. Although surgical interventions have greatly reduced mortality rates, patients often suffer an array of neurological deficits throughout life. Neuroimaging provides a macroscopic assessment of brain injury and has shown that white matter (WM) is at risk. Oligodendrocytes and myelinated axons have been identified as major targets of WM injury, but still little is known about how congenital heart anomalies affect the brain at the cellular level. Further integration of animal model studies and clinical research will define novel therapeutic targets and new standards of care to prevent developmental delay associated with cardiac abnormalities.
Kinetics of the interaction of methyl isonitrile with hemoglobin β chains: Measurement by nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract The binding of methyl isonitrile (CH 3 Nandz.tbnd;C) to hemoglobin β chains has been studied by measuring the 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation times for methyl isonitrile as a function of protein concentration, temperature and 14 N decoupling. Binding of methyl isonitrile both at the heme iron and at a non-specific site (or sites) has an effect upon the measured nuclear spin relaxation times. The results yield a value of 57 ± 12 seconds −1 (20 °C) for the “off” rate constant K −1 for specific binding and an Arrhenius activation energy for k −1 of 14 ± 3 kcal mol −1 .
Discharge emissions from NaN3 related to the HgBr laser

Abstract N2(A-X), N2(B-A) and N2(C-B) emission band systems and atomic lines of sodium have been observed by passing a microwave discharge through flowing vapors of NaN3 in a temperature range of 200–280°C. Emission of the HgBr(B-X) band system and atomic lines of mercury has been observed during collisions involving HgBr2 + N2(A) as well as CH3HgBr + N2(A). For CH3HgBr + N2(A) collisions, emission bands of CH and CN radicals have also been observed. On the basis of the intensity of the (0,22) band of the HgBr(B-X) transition, the efficiency ratio of HgBr(B-state) formation due to HgBr2 + N2(A) with respect to CH3HgBr + N2(A) collisions, has been determined to be 2.3:1.
Unintentional Transgressions and Other Reflections on the Job Search Process

In this article I examine connections between my past experiences on the academic job market and my research interests, particularly in regard to the notion of transgression. I offer my personal “story” of job seeking as a contribution to the dialogue concerning the relationships between personal lives and professional experiences, and as a case study of how considerations of merit can become clouded by personal and social discomfort with difference.
Concepts, quantities, and dose limits in radiation protection dosimetry

This paper explores the dosimetric quantities used in the field of radiation protection for radiation workers and the general public. This paper also discusses the regulatory limits on these quantities that are based on recommendations by national and international organizations. After introducing radiological quantities, the organizations responsible for recommending and enforcing regulations are discussed. This paper concludes with a discussion of the actual radiological limits.
Sources of Love and Hate: An Interview with Joy Kogawa

(1993). Sources of Love and Hate: An Interview with Joy Kogawa. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 217-229.
Microbially mediated cerium oxidation in sea water

REDOX processes influence the geochemistry of many elements in the ocean, but attributing the distribution of these elements in the water column and sediments to specific redox processes is difficult because they are also influenced by non-redox processes and by other inputs that are poorly constrained. Cerium provides an opportunity to study redox processes in the ocean1–5 because its redox chemistry leads to its enrichment or depletion ('cerium anomalies') with respect to its lanthanide neighbours. A detailed understanding of Ce geochemistry is lacking, however, because of the paucity of knowledge of the redox rates and mechanisms in natural waters. Here I report measurements of Ce(III) oxidation rates using radiotracers in seawater samples collected in the Sargasso Sea and in Vineyard Sound, Massachussetts, which are much faster than previous, indirect estimates1. The data indicate that the negative Ce anomaly in sea water is the result of microbial oxidation followed by preferential scavenging of Ce(IV); no abiotic oxidation was detectable. This suggests that inhibition by sunlight of microbial oxidation and scavenging of Ce and Mn contribute to the pronounced surface maxima observed for these elements.
On Linear Complete Intersections

or some of its localizations, becomes a complete intersection is a major factor. In Section 1 we describe a Jacobian formulation of Serre’s normality criterion for symmetric algebras. It is used to provide several classes of examples of normal and non-normal Rees algebras of prime ideals in regular domains. Adding to the catalog of Cohen-Macaulay domains that are symmetric algebras, we examine almost complete intersections. These bear a close relationship to certain height three ideals of
Spectroscopic Characterization of Mixed Fe–Ni Oxide Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Electrolytes

Mixed Fe−Ni oxide electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolytes were synthesized using three different approaches: evaporation induced self-assembly, hard templating, and dip-coating. For each synthesis method, a peak in oxygen evolution activity was observed near 10 mol % Fe content, where the mixed metal oxide was substantially more active than the parent metal oxide electrocatalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of a mixed NiO/NiFe2O4 phase at low Fe concentrations, and formation of Fe2O3 at compositions above 25 mol % Fe. Raman vibrational spectroscopy confirmed the formation of NiFe2O4, and did not detect Fe2O3 in the electrocatalysts containing up to 20 mol % Fe. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) showed the Fe in the mixed oxides to be predominantly in the +3 oxidation state. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) showed changes in the Fe coordination shells under electrochemical oxygen evolution conditions. Temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy showed the mixed oxide surfaces also have superior oxidation activity for methanol oxidation, and that the reactivity of the mixed oxide surface is substantially different than that of the parent metal oxide surfaces. Overall, the NiFe2O4 phase is implicated in having a significant role in improving the oxygen evolution activity of the mixed metal oxide systems.
Hemoglobin C in transgenic mice: effect of HbC expression from founders to full mouse globin knockouts.

Abstract ABSTRACT When present in the homozygous form, hemoglobin C (HbC, CC disease) increases red cell density, a feature that is the major factor underlying the pathology in patients with SC disease (Fabry et al., JCI 70, 1315, 1982). The basis for the increased red cell density has not yet been fully defined. We have generated a HbC mouse in which the most successful founder expresses 56% human α and 34% human β C . We introduced knockouts (KO) of mouse α- and β-globins in various combinations. In contrast to many KO mice, all partial KOs have normal MCH. Full KOs that express exclusively HbC and no mouse globins have minimally reduced MCH (13.7 ± 0.3 pg/cell vs 14.5 ± 1.0 for C57BL/6) and a ratio of β- to α-globin chains of 0.88 determined by chain synthesis; hence, these mice are not thalassemic. Mice with β C > 30% have increased MCHC, dense reticulocytes, and increased K:Cl cotransport. Red cell morphology studied by SEM is strikingly similar to that of human CC cells with bizarre folded cells. We conclude that red cells of these mice have many properties that closely parallel the pathology of human disease in which HbC is the major determinant of pathogenesis. These studies also establish the existence of the interactions with other gene products that are necessary for pleiotropic effects (red cell dehydration, elevated K:Cl cotransport, morphological changes) that are also present in these transgenic mice, validating their usefulness in the analysis of pathophysiological events induced by HbC in red cells.
Sedimentation Within Southern Oklahoma Aulacogen: Viola Limestone: ABSTRACT

The Viola Limestone (Middle Ordovician) was deposited within the southern Oklahoma aulacogen in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma. The northwest-trending aulacogen is a basement rift which opened in the Late Cambrian (535 to 525 m.y.a). During the early history of the aulacogen, the thick Cambro-Ordovician Arbuckle Group (2,050 m) was deposited as a predominantly peritidal complex. The conformably overlying Early Ordovician Simpson Group (700 m) shows more variation in water depth but still is dominated by shallow-water deposits. The Viola Limestone rests disconformably on a hardground which was developed at the top of the Simpson Group. Early Viola deposition was below wavebase probably with continental slope bathymetry; this time thus represents the deepest carbonate s dimentation within the aulacogen. Initial results show that the oldest microfacies of the Viola Limestone is a laminated calcisiltite deposited within anoxic bottom conditions by weak traction currents. Progressively increasing oxygenation and wave energy resulted in deposition of a bioturbated wackestone which then grades upward into a washed grainstone. These microfacies indicate a general upward shallowing along the axis of the aulacogen. Early workers, however, suggested that the more cratonward Viola microfacies may deepen slightly upward. As noted in earlier studies, the carbonate ramp model seems to fit best the depositional setting of the Viola. The ramp model can deal with the conflicting water depth trend by having a subsidence hinge axis upslope from the upward-deepening and u ward-shallowing sections. In addition, sedimentation rates would have been greater in the aulacogen axis than on the marginal platforms. Shallow subtidal deposits cap the Viola of both the aulacogen and platform. In both areas these shallow-water carbonates were subjected to early diagenesis by meteoric water, confirming their proximity to sea level. End_of_Article - Last_Page 632------------
Give emergency medicine true departmental control

As early as 1958, confronted by a 400% rise in emergency department (ED) visits in 15 years, the medical community called for a modernization of the staffing patterns in emergency rooms.1 This critical mass of need resulted in the establishment of the first “ER” and emergency physician group in 1961. Over the next 2 decades, emergency medical services developed, and emergency medicine became a specialty with its own training and board certification.
Breastfeeding promotion in family planning programs.

Family planning programs serve large numbers of women of childbearing, and thus breastfeeding, age. Although these programs appear to have a number of characteristics which would be useful for promoting and supporting breastfeeding, most family planning programs have done very little in this area. The Agency for International Development (A.I.D.) and the Institute for International Studies in Natural Family Planning are working to find ways to remove barriers to family planning breastfeeding promotion efforts. Such barriers include lack of or conflicting measures of program success and lack of information on the breastfeeding/fertility relationship. The Institute is developing guidelines to help family planning programs promote breastfeeding.
Life Expectancy and Variation in Treatment for Early Stage Kidney Cancer.

Purpose: Patients with limited life expectancy are at risk for overtreatment of T1a kidney cancer. We sought to determine patterns of treatment for T1a kidney cancer in a nationally representative sample of patients with life expectancy less than 10 and less than 5 years.Materials and Methods: We sampled 9,825 patients older than 65 years with clinical T1a kidney cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare database. We performed competing risks regression to model survival by age/comorbidity and identified patients with life expectancy less than 10 and less than 5 years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the probability of aggressive treatment with surgery or ablation among those with limited life expectancy.Results: Life expectancy was less than 10 years in patients 66 to 80 years old with a Charlson score of 3+, in those 80 to 84 years old with a Charlson score of 1+ and in all patients 85 years old or older. Among those...
Hiatal hernia size, Barrett’s length, and severity of acid reflux are all risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma

Hiatal hernia size, Barrett's length, and severity of acid reflux are all risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma
Consumption durables: exploring the order of acquisition

After an overview of alternative methods for analysing the ownership of consumer durables, a particular method is proposed, drawn from the principles of social choice theory, and ultimately leading to the method of ranking durables equivalent to the Borda rule. Methods are also developed for calculating the uniformity of choice and for identifying differences in patterns of ownership across partitions of the sample.
Evidence of roles of central α1-adrenoceptors and epinephrine in orexin A-induced hyperactivity in mice

Previous studies have shown that central alpha1-adrenoceptor activity is necessary, acutely, for gross behavioral activity in response to novel surroundings and various psychostimulants. The present experiment tested whether it is also necessary for the hyperactivity produced by the peptide, orexin A, which is present in several central monoaminergic nuclei. Mice, pretreated intraventricularly with the alpha1-antagonist, terazosin, or the alpha2-antagonist, atipamezole, were given orexin A, intraventricularly (i.v.t.), and videotaped for gross movement and locomotion in the home cage between 30 and 60 min post-infusion. The alpha1-antagonist was found to produce a significant dose-dependent decrease of orexin A-induced activity, which was first seen at the 3 nmol dose and was near total at 30 nmol. The alpha2-antagonist, at 10 nmol, had no effect on the orexin A response. Pharmacological inhibition of the synthesis of epinephrine, a potential neurotransmitter at central motoric alpha1-adrenoceptors, with 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine also significantly attenuated orexin A-induced hyperactivity. It is concluded that central alpha1-adrenoceptor activity, presumably caused by epinephrine release, is necessary for the gross behavioral activation produced by orexin A.