cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remarks on classifications and adjunctions

Jon Barwise and Jerry Seligman introduced the category of classifications and infomorphisms to model information theoretical concepts and information flow processes. This is the dual category of the category of Chu spaces introduced by Michael Barr and Peter Chu and studied extensively by Vaughan Pratt, Gordon Plotkin and others at Stanford. It is also very closely related to the theory of institutions introduced in a different context by Joseph Goguen and Rod Burstall. Here some aspects of the theory are reviewed and some adjunctions between the category of classifications and other related categories are studied from a more abstract point of view.
Graphing multivariate data with Chernoff's faces

Abstract Chernoff's faces is one of several icon graphics routines accessible through the SYGRAPH module available through SYSTAT Inc. SYSTAT is a very sophisticated statistics package that has been previously reviewed in the Journal of School Psychology (Roberts, D. M. JSP 25 , 313–318, 1987). SYSTAT and SYGRAPH are available for both the IBM PC and the Apple Macintosh computers. The output from this example was produced with SYSTAT 5.1 on a Macintosh computer.
Bayesian Finite Markov Mixture Model for Temporal Multi‐Tissue Polygenic Patterns

Finite mixture models can provide the insights about behavioral patterns as a source of heterogeneity of the various dynamics of time course gene expression data by reducing the high dimensionality and making clear the major components of the underlying structure of the data in terms of the unobservable latent variables. The latent structure of the dynamic transition process of gene expression changes over time can be represented by Markov processes. This paper addresses key problems in the analysis of large gene expression data sets that describe systemic temporal response cascades and dynamic changes to therapeutic doses in multiple tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney from the same animals. Bayesian Finite Markov Mixture Model with a Dirichlet Prior is developed for the identifications of differentially expressed time related genes and dynamic clusters. Deviance information criterion is applied to determine the number of components for model comparisons and selections. The proposed Bayesian models are applied to multiple tissue polygenetic temporal gene expression data and compared to a Bayesian model-based clustering method, named CAGED. Results show that our proposed Bayesian Finite Markov Mixture model can well capture the dynamic changes and patterns for irregular complex temporal data.
Crushing of soft-core sandwich profiles: experiments and analysis

Abstract The present paper investigates the mechanics of the crushing of sandwich profiles through component testing and theoretical analysis. Experiments were run showing that the underlying folding mechanism of sandwich profiles is very different from that of solid-section thin-walled structures. In particular, the shear behavior of the core material was found to strongly influence the mechanics of energy absorption. The analysis focuses on the crushing behavior of double-cell profiles that are made of soft-core hybrid stainless steel assembly (HSSA) sheets. Both material and structural tests were performed. It is demonstrated that the shear strength of the HSSA fiber core is small as compared to the face sheet properties. When subjected to bending, the core deformed in the shear mode, whereas the facings bent independently. Based on this mechanism, a new shear-folding model for sandwich profiles is derived, incorporating the “shear crushing” of the sandwich core material. Theoretical predictions of the mean crushing force based on the present model compared very well with the experimental data.
Tritium from Russia

Harold M. Agnew (Editorial, [13 Sept., p. 1475][1]) has proposed that the United States buy annually from Russia the supply of tritium expected to be needed for U.S. nuclear weapons in about 10 to 12 years and argues that this approach would be substantially cheaper than either the accelerator approach to producing tritium or its production in commercial-type light-water power reactors in the United States. I agree and, as a result of discussions with responsible Russian officials, believe that one can satisfy U.S. need for tritium in this way at about one-tenth the cost of domestic production. Furthermore, by carrying one production design through to detailed planning and obtaining requisite permits, one answers possible concerns about a sudden cutoff of the supply of Russian tritium, in view of the buffer provided by the 12.3-year half-life of existing tritium stocks. I have studied tritium production options for the Department of Energy, and these are my personal conclusions. Gustave K. Kohn (Letters, [25 Oct., p. 481][2]) gives no indication of the cost of tritium production by low-voltage glow discharge, if indeed tritium is produced by such an approach. The world price of tritium is some $2 per curie, and Kohn tells us that 5 kilowatts for “hundreds of hours” produces “10's of nanocuries.” If we assume the duration is 400 hours and that the “tens” are 30, then we see that 2000 kilowatt-hours ($100 at $0.05 per kilowatt-hour) produces 30 nanocuries, for a cost of $3 billion per curie. Although the reactor approach and the accelerator may be 10 times more costly than buying tritium from Russia, a factor of a billion is out of sight. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.273.5281.1475 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.274.5287.481a
Experiments on distant-talking speech recognition in meeting room using extended MAM

MAM has been successfully used to improve the noise robustness of speech recognizers. We apply this method in the exploration of distant-talking speech recognition for meeting room system, and propose a new extended MAM algorithm combined with LDA and MLLR techniques to compensate for additive noise and channel variation. By sharing the LDA matrix with the core recognition system, the MAM secondary model is coupled better with the intended system and can take the advantage of context speech frames. Using MAM in conjunction with model adaptation method MLLR can result in further improved recognition accuracy. Our database includes simulated 10dB additive noisy speech and real distant-talking speech by 8-channel simultaneous recording. We started from a baseline LVCSR meeting transcription system, with word error rate range from 25 to 55%. By applying extended MAM, the improved system achieves an average relative error rate reduction of 27% for 10dB additive noisy speech and 15% for real distant-talking speech.
The seven deadly sins of teambuilding

Identifies seven major errors found frequently in teambuilding programmes. Each of the errors, all management failures, are illustrated by real life episodes. Guidelines are presented for overcoming each of these deadly sins: malselection, impatience, deception, aimlessness, powerlessness, inhibited communications, and competitive mania.
Computer Simulation of Vapor Deposition on Two-Dimensional Lattices

Vapor deposition simulation programs have been developed using Monte Carlo methods to determine the molecular dynamics of condensation, evaporation, and migration on the lattice. The simulation methods employed in the programs are developed in detail. The principle application will be to systems that permit a comparison with Honig's work, although the simulation methods are easily applied to a variety of other problems. The results of the simulations demonstrate that Honig's treatment is quite accurate and is a substantial improvement over previous treatments. This agreement also serves to build confidence in the use of Monte Carlo methods in simulating molecular dynamics for vapor deposition studies.
A Two-Phase Model of Bubbly Fluids

We use a continuum theory for multiphase immiscible mixtures whose individual components are separated by infinitesimally thin interfaces. The average balance equations for the different phases, as well as for the mixture, result from a systematic spatial averaging procedure. In addition to equations for mass, momentum, and energy, together with the entropy inequality, the balance equations also include equations for microinertia and microspin tensors. These equations, together with appropriate constitutive equations consistent with the entropy inequality, enable the modeling of immiscible multiphase materials where internal parameters are important. Here, we apply the results to a simple microstretch bubbly fluid. We show that the equations for microspin and microinertia, under a number of simplifying assumptions, combine to yield a general form of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Hypothalamic lesions increase neuronal immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y

An enhanced production of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) now appears to underlie a number of hyperphagia syndromes. However, the role of NPY in the hyperphagia induced by hypothalamic lesions has not yet been explored. Here, hypothalamic lesions were induced in mice by administration of goldthioglucose (GTG) and brain sections were stained immunocytochemically for NPY without pretreatment with colchicine. NPY-immunoreactive somas were visible in the hypothalamus of only one of eight control mice but were identified in the hypothalami of six of seven mice with GTG lesions. This suggests that GTG lesions cause an enhanced production of NPY, perhaps due to interruption of fibers from arcuate dopaminergic neurons that normally inhibit NPY+ cells. Thus, hypothalamic lesions may provoke hyperphagia by stimulating the production of NPY.
Up-regulation of α1D Ca2+ channel subunit mRNA expression in the hippocampus of aged F344 rats

There is growing evidence that alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis may play a role in processes of brain aging and neurodegeneration. There also is evidence that some of the altered Ca2+ homeostasis in hippocampal neurons may arise from an increased density of L-type voltage sensitive Ca2+ channels (L-VSCC). In the present studies, we tested the possibility that previously observed increases in functional L-VSCC with aging might be related to up-regulated gene/mRNA expression for Ca2+ channel subunits. A significant aging-related increase in mRNA content for the α1D subunit of the L-type VSCC was observed in hippocampus of aged F344 rats (25 months old) relative to young (4 months old) and middle-aged animals (13 months old), as assessed by both in situ hybridization analyses (densitometry and grain density) and ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). In RPA analyses, the α1C subunit mRNA also showed a significant increase in 25-month-old rats. No age changes were seen in mRNA for the β1b subunit of VSCC or for GAPDH, a standard control. The clearest increases in α1D mRNA expression were observed in subfield CA1, with little or no change seen in dentate gyrus. Although these results alone do not demonstrate that mRNA/gene expression changes contribute directly to changes in functional Ca2+ channels, they clearly fulfill an important prediction of that hypothesis. Therefore, these studies may have important implications for the role of gene expression in aging-dependent alterations in brain Ca2+ homeostasis.
Transforming management philosophy: Beyond the illusion of change

Immersed in the traditional ideology of business management, consultants to organizations are unlikely to affect the transformation of management philosophy and practice without deconstructing, interpreting, and reframing the organization's ideology.
Mouse placental 57-kDa calcium-binding protein: II. Localization of mRNA in mouse and human placentae by in situ cDNA hybridization.

Abstract Using a cloned cDNA to the mouse placental calcium-binding protein (MCaBP) [Tuan and Kirwin, preceding paper], mRNA transcripts of the MCaBP have been localized in the mouse placenta by in situ cDNA-RNA hybridization. The procedure involved the use of a nonradioactive, biotinylated cDNA probe. Paraffin sections of the mouse chorioallantoic placenta were processed for in situ hybridization using a procedure modified from that of Lo [8]. The results demonstrated that MCaBP mRNA is localized specifically to the fetal trophoblast of the mouse placenta, and is expressed in a development-dependent manner. The MCaBP cDNA also hybridized strongly in situ to sections of human term placenta, giving rise to signals localized specifically to the syncytiotrophoblastic layer of the chorionic villi.
Modeling Retention at a Large Public University: Can At-Risk Students Be Identified Early Enough to Treat?

We examine the extent to which readily available data at a large public university can be used to a priori identify at-risk students who may benefit from targeted retention efforts. Although it is possible to identify such students, there remains an inevitable tradeoff in any resource allocation between not treating the students who are likely to exit without treatment and treating students who are likely not to exit in the absence of the treatment. At-risk students are found to remain at risk throughout their college career. Moreover, conditional on exiting the institution, the degree to which the student was at risk is predictive of whether the student subsequently re-enrolls elsewhere and the type of institution at which this re-enrollment occurs. In this context, we discuss how retention policies relate to insuring the initial match is appropriate, recognizing that some attrition can be in keeping with the broad social interest.
Coarse-Graining Provides Insights on the Essential Nature of Heterogeneity in Actin Filaments

Experiments have shown that actin is structurally polymorphic, but knowledge of the details of molecular level heterogeneity in both the dynamics of a single subunit and the interactions between subunits is still lacking. Here, using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the actin filament, we identify domains of atoms that move in a correlated fashion, quantify interactions between these domains using coarse-grained (CG) analysis methods, and perform CG simulations to explore the importance of filament heterogeneity. The persistence length and torsional stiffness calculated from molecular dynamics simulation data agree with experimental values. We additionally observe that distinct actin conformations coexist in actin filaments. The filaments also exhibit random twist angles that are broadly distributed. CG analysis reveals that interactions between equivalent CG pairs vary from one subunit to another. To explore the importance of heterogeneity on filament dynamics, we perform CG simulations using different methods of parameterization to show that only by including heterogeneous interactions can we reproduce the twist angles and related properties. Free energy calculations further suggest that in general the actin filament is best represented as a set of subunits with differing CG sites and interactions, and the incorporating heterogeneity into the CG interactions is more important than including that in the CG sites. Our work therefore presents a systematic method to explore molecular level detail in this large and complex biopolymer.
Reading War with Nietzsche and Reading Nietzsche with Kant, Rimbaud, and Bataille

In his paper, "Reading War with Nietzsche and Reading Nietzsche with Kant, Rimbaud, and Bataille," Adrian Gargett discusses the aspects of poetry, communication, and notion that the apparition of Nietzsche manifested in Bataille is not a locus of secular reason but of necromantic religion: a writer who escapes philosophical conceptuality in the direction of unidentified zones, and dispenses with the "thing in itself" because it is an article of intelligible representation with no importance as a vector of becoming/of travel. Necromancy resists the transcendence of death opening territories of "voyages of discovery never reported." Against the strain of inert and superficial phenomenalism that typifies Nietzsche readings, Bataille pursues the fissure of abysmal skepticism, which passes out of the Kantian noumenon (intelligible object) through Kant and Schopenhauer's "thing in itself" (stripping away a layer of residual Platonism) and onwards in the direction of acategorical, epochal, or base-matter that connects with Rimbaud's "invisible splendours": the immense death-scapes of a "universe without images." Matter cannot be allocated a category without being reclaimed for "ideality" and the Nietzschean crisis with the Ding an sich was not its tangible dogmatic materialism, but rather that it anticipated "an ideal form of matter" as the transcendent (quarantined) scene of primary truth, a "real world." Materialism is not a dogma but a journey, a break from socially regulated belief. It is "before anything else the obstinate negation of idealism, which is to say the very basis of all philosophy." Exploring a-categorical matter guides thought as chance and matter as chaos, beyond all parameters. It yields no propositions to ascertain, but only routes to discover. Adrian Gargett, "Reading War with Nietzsche and Reading Nietzsche with Kant, Rimbaud, and Bataille" page 2 of 11 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5.1 (2003):
"Psychology as a Profession": A Brief Course Providing Career Information for Psychology Majors

(1980). 'Psychology as a Profession': A Brief Course Providing Career Information for Psychology Majors. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 243-244.
Macroeconomic labour productivity and its impact on firm's profitability

The construction industry is one of the largest sectors in the US economy, yet little is known about the key macroeconomic parameters that affect its industry’s structure and performance. The main objectives of this research are (1) to analyse the macroeconomic performance of construction industry as a whole and at 14 of its sub-sectors in terms of labour productivity, gross margin, and worker's wages; and (2) to develop a quantitative model that predicts a firm's profitability by analysing various levels of labour productivity. The results of a non-linear regression analysis based on the comprehensive US Economic Census data show that the construction industry’s sub-sectors with the highest productivity are the most profitable with regard to the gross margins that they are able to generate. This study and its model will help decision makers better assess macroeconomic performance and conduct trend analysis of the construction industry to serve as a basis for developing strategic roadmap for the future.
Coulomb excitation of 85Rb and 87Rb

Abstract Energy levels of 85 Rb and 87 Rb have been studied via de-excitation γ-rays following Coulomb excitation with 35 Cl ions. In addition to the known negative-parity states at 151.2 keV and 868.2 keV in 85 Rb, two states at 281.0 keV and 731.8 keV have been found with fourγ-ray transitions of 129.8, 281.0, 450.8 and 731.8 keV. Only one Coulomb excited state at 402.6 keV in 87 Rb has been observed. The B (E2↑) values (in units e 2 · b 2 ) have been determined as 0.0035±0.0004 (151.2 keV), 0.0016±0.0002 (281.0 keV), 0.0101 ±0.0010 (731.8 keV), and 0.036±0.004 (868.2 keV) for the states in 85 Rb, and as 0.0054±0.0006 (402.6 keV) for the state in 87 Rb. The mean lifetimes of the 731.8 keV and 868.2 keV states have been measured by the Doppler shift attenuation method as 6.4±0.7 psec and 4.2±0.5 psec respectively. Angular distribution measurements allow unique spin and parity assignments of 1 2 − and 3 2 − to the 281.0 keV and 731.8 keV levels respectively. The spin and parity of the 868.2 keV level has been restricted to 5 2 − or 7 2 − .
Control of the Corn Earworm on Sweet Corn in Southern California with a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus and Bacillus thuringiensis

Effectiveness of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was investigated on successive sweet corn plantings in southern California in 1965, 1966 and 1967. Effectiveness of the treatments was determined by using the classification ‘marketable ears’ (less than 25% of the car from the tip injured by larval feeding) as delined in the Agricultural Code of California in the sections pertaining to marketing standards for green corn. In 1965, 4 applications of a 2.5 larval unit (LU) virus dust formulation at 3-day intervals, using the individual-ear, brush-dust method, resulted in an average of 35.8% increase in marketable ears and 42% ears free of larval injury. The virus dust was more effective than a Blacillus dust or a combination of the, two when applied to the silk. In 1966. 4 applications of a virus spray to the silk at 3-day intervals at the rate of 228 LU per acre resulted in a significant increase (27%) in marketable ears and a lower number of live larvae present at harvest. Virus sprays applied to the tassels were ineffective in reducing the larval population thereon, and a tassel + silk treatment was not significantly better than a silk treatment alone for control of the larvae affecting the cars. The 228 LU virus Tate per acre was consistently better than 114 LU per acre. Similar applications of a virus spray at 194 LU per acre in 1967 resulted in a significant increase (24%) in marketable cars and a lower number of live larvae at harvest. Effectiveness of the virus treatment was not increased significantly by the addition of mineral oil, emulsifier, or wetting agent. From 36 to 70.6% of the larvae, collected from cars in the control plots and reared individually in the laboratory, were killed by virus transmitted by ovipositing adults, moving from treated to untreated silk. During the 3-year study, 77 to 87% marketable ears were obtained with virus sprays and 91 to 100% with virus dust applications.
Laser-Induced Plasma Micromachining Process: Principles and Performance

Laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIP-MM) is a novel multimaterial and tool-less micromachining process. It utilizes tightly focused ultrashort laser irradiation to generate plasma through laser-induced dielectric breakdown in a dielectric material. The plasma facilitates material removal through plasma–matter interaction spot through vaporization and ablation. The paper introduces the LIP-MM process, discusses the underlying principles behind plasma generation and machining, and proves its feasibility by describing the experimental conditions under which plasma generation and machining occur. Upon successful commercial realization of this novel process, the key benefits envisaged are micromachining with better accuracy and better surface integrity, minimal subsurface damage, relatively smaller heat-affected zone (HAZ) and low roughness in a wide range of materials including those that are difficult to machine by some of the most successful micromachining processes such as micro-electrodischarge machining (EDM) and laser ablation.
Counselor Values: A National Survey

A national sample (n = 479) of counselors representative of the 1993 American Counseling Association membership was surveyed regarding their value orientations in four domains: universal values, mental health values, individualistic-collectivistic values, and religious-spiritual values. Results yielded a multifaceted, generally concordant (although by no means unanimous) value profile for professional counselors across these value domains, presenting an overall content pattern that might be globally summarized as a strong core valuing of holistic-humanistic empowerment related to personal development and interpersonal and social concern. Implications for counseling practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Solute transport in sediments by freshwater infaunal bioirrigators

Laboratory experiments using the radionuclide 22Na as a solute tracer were conducted in microcosms containing the freshwater chironomid larvae Coelotanypus sp. and Chironomus plumosus and the mayfly larvae Hexagenia limbata to determine the exchange of solutes between sediments and overlying water. Three different mathematical models of transient solute transport in bioturbated sediments were applied to the data to evaluate which best quantified solute exchange and to determine how that exchange varied with fauna1 type and density. Although all three species of larvae constructed burrows and irrigated them, the larger H. limbata frequently abandonded their burrows and vigorously burrowed the sediment. As a result, an enhanced diffusion model, in which the solute diffusion coefficient is higher in the bioturbated zone than in unmixed sediments, best described the data for the larger H. Zimbata. The enhanced diffusion model generally underestimated solute transport by smaller H. limbatu, C. plumosus and Coelotanypus sp. larvae because it did not account for the effects of burrow irrigation, Both the cylindrical burrow model and the nonlocal exchange model with a constant value of the exchange coefficient in the mixed layer described the transport processes well, presumably because the smaller H. limbata, C. plumosus, and Coelotanypus sp. maintained and actively irrigated their burrows. At natural bottom fauna1 densities, C. plumosus induced the greatest exchange of solutes between sediment and overlying water, followed by the small H. limbata, the large and medium H. limbatu, and Coelotanypus. However, H. limbata enhanced the flux by about an order of magnitude more than did C. plumosus and by about a facior of 20 times that of Coelotanypus on an individual
Production of graphene by reduction using a magnesiothermic reaction

We have, for the first time, employed a magnesiothermic reaction to convert microwave-irradiated graphite oxide to pure graphene. The magnesiothermic reaction increases the carbon to oxygen atomic ratio from 22.2 to 165.7 and maintains a high surface area. The new strategy demonstrates an efficient method for obtaining highly pure graphene materials.
Emerging Therapies Targeting High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Numerous prospective epidemiological studies have shown a strong inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and coronary heart disease (CHD).1 Many controlled clinical trials also demonstrate that treating patients who have low HDL-C with various lipid-modifying therapies, including statins, fibrates, niacin, or combination therapy, can reduce major coronary events.2–12 The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III guidelines recognize low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL) as an independent major risk factor for CHD, as a component of the metabolic syndrome, and as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.13 However, the primary target of the NCEP ATP III guidelines is to lower LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), given the strong and abundant clinical trial data for both primary and secondary prevention of adverse coronary events by lowering LDL-C. The recent update to the ATP III guidelines recommends even more aggressive treatment of LDL-C given new clinical trial data.14 However, even in patients treated to aggressive LDL-C goals, coronary events still occur,15,16 and low HDL-C is a major risk factor in this group. Therefore, a natural next step in the search for therapies to further reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality leads to raising HDL-C levels and/or improving HDL function. An important concept with regard to HDL-based therapies is that the plasma HDL-C level per se may not reflect the functionality of HDL or the impact of a specific HDL-targeted therapy on atherosclerosis or cardiovascular risk. In this review we focus on the concepts underlying the therapeutic targeting of HDL metabolism and the specific areas and compounds in clinical and preclinical development. Therapeutic lifestyle changes are currently recommended as first-line therapy in patients with low HDL-C levels. Smoking depresses HDL-C levels, and cessation is associated with modest increases in HDL-C.17,18 Aerobic exercise can raise HDL-C levels, but in …
On-line multiscale filtering of random and gross errors without process models

Data Rectification by univariate filtering is popular for processes lacking an accurate model. Linear filters are most popular for online filtering; however, they are single-scale best suited for rectifying data containing features and noise that are at the same resolution in time and frequency. Consequently, for multiscale data, linear filters are forced to trade off the extent of noise removal with the accuracy of the features retained. In contrast, nonlinear filtering methods, such as FMH and wavelet thresholding, are multiscale, but they cannot be used for online rectification. A technique is presented for online nonlinear filtering based on wavelet thresholding. OLMS rectification applies wavelet thresholding to data in a moving window of dyadic length to remove random errors. Gross errors are removed by combining wavelet thresholding with multiscale median filtering. Theoretical analysis shows that OLMS rectification using Haar wavelets subsumes mean filters of dyadic length, while rectification with smoother boundary corrected wavelets is analogous to adaptive exponential smoothing. If the rectified measurements are not needed online, the quality of rectification can be further improved by averaging the rectified signals in each window, overcoming the boundary effects encountered in TI rectification. Synthetic and industrial data show the benefits of the online multiscale and boundary corrected translation invariant rectification methods.
Disorders of Orgasm in Women: A Literature Review of Etiology and Current Treatments

Introduction. Disorders of orgasm in women, defined as the persistent or recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm, affect up to a quarter of the female population. Aim. To review existing research findings on the etiology and treatments of disorders of orgasm in women to provide a useful reference tool for clinicians who evaluate and treat patients with these conditions. Methods. PubMed and PsycINFO search for articles published between 1980 and 2009 using the keywords "orgasm*," "anorgasmia," and "female*," "woman," or "women," in addition to "female orgasmic disorder" and "disorders of orgasm in women." Main Outcome Measures. Findings on the etiological factors and effects of a variety of treatment interventions on improving disorders of orgasm in women. Results. Literature on prevalence and causes of disorders of orgasm in women is abundant, yet more reports of successful treatments are needed. Nevertheless, many promising approaches have been suggested, and data support several potential treatments such as bupropion, sildenafil, estrogen, and testosterone among others. Conclusions. Although more research is needed to better understand and manage disorders of orgasm in women, significant progress is being made. IsHak WW, Bokarius A, Jeffrey JK, Davis MC, and Bakhta Y. Disorders of orgasm in women: A literature review of etiology and current treatments. J Sex Med 2010;7:3254-3268.
Evaluation of Single Phase Flow in Microchannels for High Heat Flux Chip Cooling—Thermohydraulic Performance Enhancement and Fabrication Technology

The increased circuit density on today's computer chips is reaching the heat dissipation limits for air-cooling technology. The direct liquid cooling of chips is being considered as a viable alternative. This paper reviews liquid cooling with internal flow channels in terms of technological options and challenges. The possibilities presented herein indicate a four- to ten-fold increase in heat flux over the air-cooled systems. The roadmap for single-phase cooling technology is presented to identify research opportunities in meeting the cooling demands of future IC chips. The use of three-dimensional microchannels that incorporate either microstructures in the channel or grooves in the channel surfaces may lead to significant enhancements in single-phase cooling. A simplified and well-established fabrication process is described to fabricate both classes of three-dimensional microchannels. Proof-of-concept microchannels are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the fabrication process in fabricating com...
An improved Early voltage model for advanced bipolar transistors

An improved Early voltage model reflecting the effect of bias variation is developed. The bias dependencies of the Early voltage are more prominent as the base width of the bipolar transistor decreases. Thus, using the conventional constant Early voltage model can result in considerable errors in modeling the advanced bipolar transistors which possess very thin base region. Comparisons between the present model and the conventional model at different bias conditions support this assertion. SPICE simulations are performed to demonstrate the impact of this study on the small-signal performance of bipolar-transistor integrated circuits. >
Mid-trimester abortion induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2α: Fetal tissue viability

I N T R A A M N IO T I c prostaglandin F,, (PGFzn) has been used successfully as a secondtrimester abortifacient.‘-9 In contrast to hypertonic saline, prostaglandin is not directly lethal to the fetus.1 The occasional delivery of a fetus with a heartbeat suggests that fetal death usually occurs close to the time of abortion, probably secondary to anoxia during labor. Therefore, it seemed likely that the fetal tissues so obtained might be suitable for organ transplants, for growing and attenuating viruses for vaccines, and for basic research. This report on second-trimester PGF,, abortions demonstrates that fetal tissues are viable and that representative enzymes are not altered significantly by the abortion technique. Transabdominal amniocentesis was performed in 15 women with the use of a 22 gauge disposable 3r/2 inch spinal needle. Forty milligrams (8 ml.) PGF,,” was instilled after a free flow of amniotic fluid was obtained without prior removal of fluid. Each patient was given 10 mg. of prochlorperazinei intramuscularly at the time of the PGF,, instillation. Blood samples for serum chemistry and hematologic studies were drawn before the PGF,, injection and 24 and 48 hours later. Samples of skin, lung, and thymus from 11 fetuses were minced, digested in 0.1 per cent pronase,$ and placed in 25 sq. cm. T-flasks3
SAFEbus (for avionics)

The Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) for the Boeing 777 wide-body engine will be the first highly integrated avionics system for commercial transport. A description is given of the backplane bus, called SAFEbus, that provides communications of all data among the line replaceable modules (LRMs) in the AIMS cabinets. SAFEbus consists of two self-checking buses. The overriding goal in the design of SAFEbus has been to prevent unintended and undetected interactions among the integrated avionics functions and to control complexity so that airplane certification is straightforward. SAFEbus is slated to become the first standard backplane bus for commercial avionics, having been accepted as the draft for ARINC Project Paper 659. >
Intraspecific Competition in Anopheles Stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) II. The Effects of More Crowded Densities and the Addition of Antibiotics

Anopheles stephensi Liston larvae were reared in food- and space-limited environments to which a mixture of penicillin G, chloramphenicol, and amphotericin B was added to suppress microbial populations. Under crowded conditions larvae took longer to develop, exhibited reduced survival, had an extended pupation period, and produced adults that were smaller. Under uncrowded conditions slightly more males than females emerged, whereas under crowded conditions proportionately fewer males than females emerged. Indirect evidence suggested that inhibitory compounds that slowed development and increased larval mortality were produced by crowded larvae. The addition of antibiotics did not suppress all microbial populations, but rather selected for resistant Pseudomonas-group bacteria which actually increased in number. The addition of antibiotics increased developmental rates at uncrowded, but not crowded densities, increased larval mortality, and increased the size of the emerging adults. Residual antibiotics increased development rates in a subsequent bioassay of the rearing media.
Substrate mobility in a deeply buried active site: analysis of norcamphor bound to cytochrome P-450cam as determined by a 201-psec molecular dynamics simulation.

While cytochrome P-450cam catalyzes the hydroxylation of camphor to 5-exo-hydroxycamphor with 100% stereospecificity, norcamphor is hydroxylated by this enzyme yielding 45% 5-exo-, 47% 6-exo-, and 8% 3-exo-hydroxynorcamphor (Atkins, W.M., Sligar, S.G., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109:3754-3760, 1987). The present study describes a 201-psec molecular dynamics (MD) stimulation of norcamphorbound cytochrome P-450cam to elucidate the relationship between substrate conformational mobility and formation of alternative products. First, these data suggest that the product specificity is, at least partially, due to the mobility of the substrate within the active site. Second, the high mobility of norcamphor in the active site leads to an average increase in separation between the heme iron and the substrate of about 1.0 A; this increase in separation may be the cause of the uncoupling of electron transfer when norcamphor is the substrate. Third, the active site water located in the norcamphorbound crystal structure possesses mobility that correlates well with the spin-state equilibrium of this enzyme-substrate complex.
Lesions to the CA2 region of the hippocampus impair social memory in mice

The function of the CA2 region of the hippocampus is poorly understood. Although the CA1 and CA3 regions have been extensively studied, for years the CA2 region has primarily been viewed as a linking area between the two. However, the CA2 region is known to have distinct neurochemical and structural features that are different from the other parts of the hippocampus and in recent years it has been suggested that the CA2 region may play a role in the formation and/or recall of olfactory-based memories needed for normal social behavior. Although this hypothesis has been supported by hippocampal lesion studies that have included the CA2 region, no studies have attempted to specifically lesion the CA2 region of the hippocampus in mice to determine the effects on social recognition memory and olfaction. To fill this knowledge gap, we sought to perform excitotoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the CA2 region and determine the effects on social recognition memory. We predicted that lesions of the CA2 region would impair social recognition memory. We then went on to test olfaction in CA2-lesioned mice, as social memory requires a functional olfactory system. Consistent with our prediction, we found that CA2-lesioned animals had impaired social recognition. These findings are significant because they confirmed that the CA2 region of the hippocampus is a part of the neural circuitry that regulates social recognition memory, which may have implications for our understanding of the neural regulation of social behavior across species.
Reduced length of hospital stay in colorectal surgery after implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is a multimodal approach to perioperative care that combines a range of interventions to enable early mobilization and feeding after surgery. We investigated the feasibility, clinical effectiveness, and cost savings of an ERAS program at a major U. S. teaching hospital. METHODS: Data were collected from consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic colorectal surgery during 2 time periods, before and after implementation of an ERAS protocol. Data collected included patient demographics, operative, and perioperative surgical and anesthesia data, need for analgesics, complications, inpatient medical costs, and 30-day readmission rates. RESULTS: There were 99 patients in the traditional care group, and 142 in the ERAS group. The median length of stay (LOS) was 5 days in the ERAS group compared with 7 days in the traditional group (P < 0.001). The reduction in LOS was significant for both open procedures (median 6 vs 7 days, P = 0.01), and laparoscopic procedures (4 vs 6 days, P < 0.0001). ERAS patients had fewer urinary tract infections (13% vs 24%, P = 0.03). Readmission rates were lower in ERAS patients (9.8% vs 20.2%, P = 0.02). DISCUSSION: Implementation of an enhanced recovery protocol for colorectal surgery at a tertiary medical center was associated with a significantly reduced LOS and incidence of urinary tract infection. This is consistent with that of other studies in the literature and suggests that enhanced recovery programs could be implemented successfully and should be considered in U.S. hospitals. (Anesth Analg 2014;118:1052–61)
Retrieval of Cloud Microphysical Parameters from 94-GHz Radar Doppler Power Spectra

Abstract A technique is presented that uses Doppler spectra collected from a vertically pointing 94-GHz radar to reconstruct cloud and precipitation drop size distributions. A conceptual model describing the broadening of Doppler spectra by turbulence was adapted from earlier works presented in the literature. This model was then used as a basis for an algorithm that solves for parameters describing the turbulence and drop distribution. Numerically simulated Doppler spectra, calculated from known drop distributions, were first used to test the accuracy of the retrieval algorithm. The tests indicate that the retrieval algorithm can accurately retrieve the turbulence parameter and characteristic diameter but is less able to correctly determine the shape parameter. The technique was then applied to actual Doppler spectra collected from a liquid-phase stratus cloud. Vertical profiles of cloud properties such as liquid water content (LWC), effective radius, total number concentration, and mean vertical wind we...
Microglia modulate brainstem serotonergic expression following neonatal sustained hypoxia exposure: implications for sudden infant death syndrome.

Key points Neonatal sustained hypoxia exposure modifies brainstem microglia and serotonin expression. The altered brainstem neurochemistry is associated with impaired ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia and mortality. The deleterious effects of sustained hypoxia exposure can be prevented by an inhibitor of activated microglia. These observations demonstrate a potential cause of the brainstem serotonin abnormalities thought to be involved in sudden infant death syndrome. Abstract We showed previously that the end of the second postnatal week (days P11–15) represents a period of development during which the respiratory neural control system exhibits a heightened vulnerability to sustained hypoxia (SH, 11% O2, 5 days) exposure. In the current study, we investigated whether the vulnerability to SH during the same developmental time period is associated with changes in brainstem serotonin (5-HT) expression and whether it can be prevented by the microglia inhibitor minocycline. Using whole-body plethysmography, SH attenuated the acute (5 min) hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and caused a high incidence of mortality compared to normoxia rats. SH also increased microglia cell numbers and decreased 5-HT immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV). The attenuated HVR, mortality, and changes in nTS and DMNV immunoreactivity was prevented by minocycline (25 mg kg−1/2 days during SH). These data demonstrate that the 5-HT abnormalities in distinct respiratory neural control regions can be initiated by prolonged hypoxia exposure and may be modulated by microglia activity. These observations share several commonalities with the risk factors thought to underlie the aetiology of sudden infant death syndrome, including: (1) a vulnerable neonate; (2) a critical period of development; (3) evidence of hypoxia; (4) brainstem gliosis (particularly the nTS and DMNV); and (5) 5-HT abnormalities.
Unobservable Variables in Structural Equation Models with an Application in Industrial Selling

Structural equation models which include unobservable variables permit theoretical constructs to be represented by multiple indicators. The use and evaluation of such models are illustrated in an i...
Leaving the Spiritual Sphere: Religious Expression in the Public Workplace

The role of religion in the workplace has long been a source of unease and frustration. The extent to which employees could express themselves religiously at work or be excused from certain employment duties or entire days for religious reasons stirred controversy long before the U.S. Congress took action to ban workplace religious discrimination. Supreme Court rulings that seemingly lowered the wall separating church and state coupled with recent cultural changes admitting bolder and more personal expressions of religion in the workplace have only heightened the ongoing controversy. But the challenges of the religion and employment nexus are perhaps nowhere more apparent than in the public workplace. The 87,000 governmental entities that comprise the federal, state, and local governments in the United States employ some 21 million
Mycology and world trade: a view from the front line

Mycology, as reflected in fungal systemat- ics, affects world trade and the development of poli- cies on the movement of agricultural commodities. Examples are provided illustrating the impact of sys- tematic knowledge on world trade and the urgent need for research on fungi in order to provide the scientific basis for plant quarantine policies and de- cisions. Additionally, the contributions of world trade to our knowledge of the biodiversity of fungi are dis- cussed. A brief history of plant quarantine legislation is provided as well as background information on re- cent changes in the criteria used in establishing na- tional and international phytosanitary regulations.
Latina/o identities, the racialization of work, and the global reserve army of labor: Becoming Latino in Postville, Iowa

This article argues that the experiences and group formation of the Latino population in the United States can best be understood by employing a framework which examines global economic and politic...
An Elective Course in Game Conservation and Management at A. & M. College, College Station, Texas

Abstract THE primary aim or object of any general college course may be divided into two parts. First, an attempt to enable the student to acquire or develop appreciation of the things studied. Second, to help the student acquire the knowledge and skill necessary to perform certain operations, in other words to do things. The object of this course then is first, to enable the student to acquire an appreciation of the beauties and value of wild life; and second, to learn how to actually preserve and manage wild life so as to get the most pleasure and largest economic returns for his efforts and labor possible. We begin this course by exhibiting many pictures of the wild birds and animals together with their homes and natural habitat that are found in the different parts of Texas. This is done in order to enable the students to identify these birds and . . .