cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Separation of Powers Promote Stability and Moderation

AbstractIt is often asserted that separation of legislative powers tends to make legislation both more moderate (because concessions to all veto players are needed to secure enactment) and less frequent (because sufficient concessions are sometimes infeasible). The formal analysis in this article shows this claim to be incomplete and sometimes incorrect. Although greater separation of powers makes legislation more difficult to enact, it also makes legislation, once enacted, more difficult to repeal. Attenuating the threat of repeal means that when one faction has sufficient power to push through extreme policies, it is more likely to do so than would be the case if legislative power were more concentrated. These two effects cut in opposite directions, and it is difficult to say, as a general matter, which will predominate. Indeed, increasing the fragmentation of legislative power may sometimes increase both the expected frequency and the expected extremism of legislative enactments.
Drug-Induced Reactions to Alcohol and Food

Many over-the-counter (OTC) drugs as well as a few prescription drugs contain alcohol (Bailey 1975). Drug mixtures containing alcohol include tonics, bronchodilators, cough medicines, cold cures, diarrhea medicines, and analgesics. Tonics containing alcohol that may be taken as sources of iron and vitamins include Niferex Forte Elixir (Central Pharmacal) and Nu-Iron-Plus Elixir (Mayrand), both containing 10% alcohol; Gerilite Elixir (Vitarine) and Geritol Liquid (J.B. Williams), both containing 12% alcohol. These preparations may be taken in excessive amounts by those seeking health through intake of nutrient supplements. Cough and cold medicines containing alcohol include: Alcohol (%) Deconamine Elixir (Berlex) 10 Romilar III Decongestant Cough Syrup (Block) 20 Hall’s Decongestant Cough Formula (Warner Lambert) 22 Comtrex Liquid (Bristol-Myers) 25 Nyquil Nighttime Colds Medicine Liquid (Vicks) 25
Bite Off What You Can Chew? Knowledge Acquisition Strategy and the Evolution of Absorptive Capacity

I present a computational study to examine a common assumption in organizational learning, that an exploitative knowledge acquisition strategy will accumulate less diverse knowledge than an explorative strategy. I show that this is not always the case: When taking into account factors that influence the ease of knowledge acquisition, such as sensitivity of absorptive capacity to knowledge distance, requirement for repeated engagements with particular knowledge, and depreciation of knowledge due to forgetting, sometimes an exploitative strategy can outperform an explorative strategy both in terms of acquisition success rate and diversity of the resulting knowledge stock.
Computational Design of Advanced Nuclear Fuels

The objective of the project was to develop a method for theoretical understanding of nuclear fuel materials whose physical and thermophysical properties can be predicted from first principles using a novel dynamical mean field method for electronic structure calculations. We concentrated our study on uranium, plutonium, their oxides, nitrides, carbides, as well as some rare earth materials whose 4f eletrons provide a simplified framework for understanding complex behavior of the f electrons. We addressed the issues connected to the electronic structure, lattice instabilities, phonon and magnon dynamics as well as thermal conductivity. This allowed us to evaluate characteristics of advanced nuclear fuel systems using computer based simulations and avoid costly experiments.
Advertising Regulation in the 1980s: The Underlying Global Forces:

Consumer protection is only one of twelve forces that affect the regulation of advertising around the world. New media technologies, the privacy and fairness issues, environmentalism, religion, cha...
Compositional effects on the cyclic oxidation resistance of conventional superalloys

AbstractThe 1100 °C cyclic oxidation performance of 25 Ni-base commercial and developmental alloys was compiled from an extensive database and ranked according to the 200 h weight change. Cyclic oxidation performance of superalloys is directly controlled by composition. These conventionally cast superalloys were composed of base elements [Ni–Co–Cr–Al], refractory elements [Nb–Mo–Ta–W], oxygen-active elements [Ti–Zr–Hf], light elements [B,C], and occasionally [V–Mn–Si], with P and S trace impurities. The oxidation results were broadly categorised as less than 4 mg/cm2 weight loss for alloys with high 5–6% Al and 3–9% Ta, and with low ≤ 1% Ti (wt.%). Conversely, weight loss of 200–300 mg/cm2 characterised alloys containing low 3% Ti. These trends correlated with beneficial and detrimental scale phases previously reported. An unambiguous Cr effect was masked because of its strongly coupled, but inverse, correlation with Al. Multiple linear regression was used to fit alloy composi...
Reduced warp in torsion of reticulated foam due to Cosserat elasticity: experiment

Warp of cross sections of square section bars in torsion is reduced in Cosserat elasticity in comparison with classical elasticity. Warp is observed experimentally to be substantially reduced, by about a factor of four compared with classical elasticity, in an open-cell polymer foam for which Cosserat elastic constants were previously determined. The observed warp in the foam is consistent with a prediction based on Cosserat elasticity. Concentration of strain in the foam is therefore reduced in comparison with classical elasticity.
Learning Opaque and Transparent Interactions in Harmonic Serialism

This paper presents initial modeling results comparing the relative learnability of four basic types of process interactions: bleeding, feeding, counterfeeding and counterbleeding. The principle finding is that the learning model does not predict an absolute hierarchy of learning difficulty based on the type of process interaction involved. Rather, relative learning difficulty depends on numerous interacting factors, including how evidence for the target language is quantitatively distributed in the learning data, how distant the target language is from the initial grammar, and what alternative hypotheses the learner must rule out during learning. The model predicts that under some circumstances transparent orderings (Kiparsky 1971) are easier to learn but that under different conditions, orderings that maximize process utilization (Kiparsky 1968) are learned more easily. The model also predicts that different aspects of interactions can be difficult to learn under different circumstances: in some cases it is the orderings themselves that are difficult to learn, while in others, the model is slow to learn one of the processes involved in an interaction. The discussion relates these learning difficulties to Kiparsky’s (1968, 1971) discussion of diachronic rule reordering and rule loss and highlights directions for further research.
Activation of human lamina propria mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease

The state of activation of human lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMnc) obtained from either organ transplant donors or from operation specimens from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were studied by three-color fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Freshly isolated LPMnc from normal donors as well as from IBD patients were autofluoresent. The autofluorescence could be subtracted from the FACS data on a cell-by-cell basis by a mathematical post processing step. Normal LPMnc are in vivo activated and express increased levels of 4F2-antigen, transferrin and interleukin-2 receptor. The number of lymphocytes, which express these early activation antigens was markedly increased in both Ulcerative Colitis (U.C.) and Crohn’s disease (C.D.). This underlines the hypothesis of a major upregulation of the mucosal immune system due to the disease process. B cells in particular were activated, suggesting they may be of particular importance in the disease process of IBD.
Team-Based Simulation for Medical Student Handoff Education

Abstract Introduction Good handoffs require teamwork, clear communication, a cognitively safe environment, and a good understanding of the patient's medical needs. Complex tertiary care training in...
An introductory signal processing course offered across the curriculum

Signal processing algorithms and DSP chips are embedded nearly in every application that involves natural signal or data analysis and/or synthesis. Applications of digital signal processing (DSP) in engineering include electrical, mechanical, chemical, industrial and biomedical systems. Applications in other areas include entertainment, financial, health, computing, manufacturing, to name a few. At ASU we developed an elective course for an undergraduate program called Digital Culture that includes gaming, smart stages, computer music, visualization and other applications. We have offered the course online to arts majors in 2013. We begun adding multidisciplinary application content to this course and offered it again in 2015 as a hybrid online course with compulsory weekly on-campus sessions. Arrangements are being made to include it as an elective course in information management systems, computer informatics, mechanical engineering, and biomedical informatics. The course now includes several introductory topics in signal processing covered mostly at a qualitative and block diagram level; we added several simulations in MATLAB and in Java-DSP. The course covers basics of DSP starting from time and frequency domain analysis and sampling. It then covers digital FIR ad IIR filters and the FFT. About one third of the course covers applications which introduce qualitative descriptions of some advanced topics. For example, linear prediction and coding of speech are described at the block diagram level with MATLAB and Java simulations. Extensions to 2-D signal processing are covered as well with the focus on JPEG and MPEG applications. The syllabus, simulations and preliminary assessments of this course are presented in the paper.
The Making of the Maker: The Figure of Krishna in Bankimchandra’s Krishnacharitra

The movement against colonial supremacy in India, from the days of its origin, emphasized self-determination. The earliest of the Indian nationalist leaders—the intelligentsia of colonial India—had to assert an „original‟ identity while reacting against colonialism. Assertion of the Self was the only way to counter the intellectual, cultural and political threat posed by colonialism. This new Self had to be powerful, confident, assertive, grand and greater than the colonizer. Emphasizing the belief of a glorious and ancient „Indian‟ civilization was one of the ways in which this challenge was met. The idea of an ancient and once glorious India brought a symbolic value of resilience with it. A primordial Indian civilization became an irresistible fantasy for the early Indian nationalists. They believed that the Indian nation is a given and therefore their nationality is predestined. However, this India that was imagined (at least to an extent) but believed to have been rediscovered was unmistakably a Hindu civilization.Keywords: Krishna, Bankimchandra, Krishnacharitra, Krishnacharita, Bankim Chandra.
The Canonical Relationship between the WISC-R Verbal and Performance Scales.

The canonical relationship of the WISC-R Verbal and Performance scales was investigated and found to be similar to that of the WAIS-R, but less strong. The two scales share 46% of their variance. I...
Main and Moderating Effects of Temperament Traits on the Association Between Intimate Partner Violence and Hazardous Alcohol Use in a Sample of Young Adult Women

OBJECTIVE Hazardous alcohol use is a common problem among survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), although not all women who experience IPV exhibit hazardous alcohol use. Recent research has suggested that 1 factor that may influence hazardous alcohol use is temperament, although this has not yet been examined in the context of IPV. METHOD In this study, we examine the main and moderating effects of temperament traits (constraint, negative emotionality, and positive emotionality) on the association between IPV and hazardous alcohol use in a sample of young adult women (N = 654) using a Bayesian approach to multiple linear regression. RESULTS Results indicated that each temperament trait incrementally predicted hazardous alcohol use over and above the effects of IPV and other negative life events. Results further indicated that both negative emotionality and positive emotionality moderated the influence of IPV on hazardous alcohol use such that IPV was positively associated with hazardous alcohol use at high levels of these traits but not at low levels. CONCLUSIONS Study findings extend previous research on the effects of temperament traits to the context of IPV, underscoring the importance of including temperament in the assessment of IPV survivors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Queuing Theory and Customer Satisfaction: A Review of Terminology, Trends, and Applications to Pharmacy Practice

Queuing theory is the formal study of waiting in line and is an entire discipline in operations management. This article will give the reader a general background into queuing theory, its associate...
Weakly constrained codes via row-by-row coding

A constrained code is a set of finite-length codewords that entirely avoid the occurrences of certain patterns. In some applications, it may be preferable to merely limit the number of occurrences of certain patterns in codewords rather than to completely forbid them. Constrained codes that involve such weaker constraints are called weakly constrained codes. In this paper we construct capacity-achieving weakly constrained codes. The construction is based on a row-by-row coding scheme in which messages are encoded into the rows of a 2-dimensional array in which the frequency of occurrence of patterns along columns is controlled.
Use and psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale among adults with spinal cord injury.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Despite increased interest in the topic of resilience in rehabilitation, there has been no psychometric investigation of the Flourishing Scale (FS) in a sample of adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study examined the reliability, convergent validity, and factor structure of the FS. Research Method/Design: Data for this project were extracted from a larger study on happiness and quality of life after SCI. For this study, information was collected using a cross-sectional mail survey design of adults with SCI. More than 1,900 mail surveys were distributed and 641 were returned; however, only 472 of these were valid. Respondents were primarily White males and had either cervical or thoracic injuries. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the unidimensional structure of the FS. RESULTS Descriptive statistics were not considerably different from prior studied samples. CFA supported a 1-factor structure with all 8 FS items loading on a single flourishing factor. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency. Convergent validity analysis indicated the FS factor was positively related to Satisfaction With Life Scale scores (r = .674; p < .001) and self-reported happiness (r = .639, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS The total computed FS score appears to be a valid assessment measure for clinical and research use with SCI patients in the United States. (PsycINFO Database Record
Deindustrialisation in Mozambique: the role of agriculture

Developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, have found it very difficult to expand manufacturing and have experienced premature deindustrialisation. It is argued in this article that th...
Structural Response of Lower Leg Muscles in Compression: A Low Impact Energy Study Employing Volunteers, Cadavers and the Hybrid III

Little has been reported in the literature on the compressive properties of muscle. These data are needed for the development of finite element models that address impact of the muscles, especially in the study of pedestrian impact. Tests were conducted to characterize the compressive response of muscle. Volunteers, cadaveric specimens and a Hybrid III dummy were impacted in the posterior and lateral aspect of the lower leg using a free flying pendulum. Volunteer muscles were tested while tensed and relaxed. The effects of muscle tension were found to influence results, especially in posterior leg impacts. Cadaveric response was found to be similar to that of the relaxed volunteer. The resulting data can be used to identify a material law using an inverse method.
A Supervised Learning Approach for Real Time Vital Sign Radar Harmonics Cancellation

Vital signs radar has proven to be an interesting and useful tool; however it is still limited by a few key problems. One of these is the generation of harmonics due to nonlinearities arising from the large signal amplitude of respiration when compared to that of heartbeat. As a result, harmonics arise in the spectrum which confound accurate measurement of either. The gamma filter is a supervised machine learning based approach that offers a calibration-free and computationally efficient solution for many nonlinear filtering applications. Here, it is demonstrated for the first time as a tool for real-time heart rate estimation using the baseband signal from a non-contact vital sign signal measured from a 5.8-GHz quadrature Doppler radar. Experimental results show that the proposed filter for removing respiration harmonics can accurately measure heart rate even if it is weak or overwhelmed by the respiratory movement.
Elucidating Molecular Interactions in Glycerol Adsorption at the Metal-Water Interface with Density Functional Theory.

Glycerol is an extremely versatile platform molecule for chemical and fuel production, as evidenced by successful demonstrations in electrochemical and thermochemical processes, where key catalytic chemistries occur at the solid–liquid interface. Despite the remarkable progress made in enriching the first-principles-based computational tool set to reveal and characterize solvent structures in the past decade, techniques for realistic and efficient molecular-level modeling to study aqueous-phase glycerol chemistry are still far from mature. Many aqueous-phase catalytic systems are deemed too complex for routine modeling because of their highly correlated structures at the heterogeneous solid–liquid interface. This invited feature article merges recent developments in quantum mechanical solvation models and oxygenated hydrocarbon conversion chemistry by revisiting the molecular interactions of adsorbed glycerol and its dehydrogenation intermediates at the water–metal interface. Explicit participation of wat...
Sorption temperature and the stability of iron-bound soil organic matter

Abstract Iron oxide surfaces can preserve soil organic matter (SOM) through the formation of mineral–organic associations (MOAs). Warming climates can affect SOM dynamics through altering the formation and stability of MOAs. We conducted batch sorption experiments from 15 to 35 °C using hematite and soil humic and fulvic acids to assess the stability of MOAs formed at each temperature using laboratory incubations and thermal analysis. Isotopic depletion was consistent with selective sorption of lignin- and lipid-derived carbon from humic acid, but fractionation was independent of temperature. Microbial incubations of the MOAs over 45 days showed that the mineralizable carbon (Co) was 0.639 ± 0.064% for humic acid and 1.46 ± 0.13% for fulvic acid, suggesting that the former may be more biologically stable than the latter. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) indicated that humic acid-MOAs were also more thermally stable (TGA-T50 ~285 °C) and less exergonic upon decomposition than fulvic acid-MOAs (~270 °C). Sorption temperature did not affect any of the biological (Co, k) or thermal (TGA-T50, ΔE) indices. These findings suggest that sorption temperature may not affect the formation or the stability of iron oxide MOAs. In warming climates, iron oxides might continue to act as a carbon sink in soils and sediments globally.
Design, Fabrication, and Performance of CCD Imagers

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the design, fabrication, and performance of the charged couple device (CCD) images. Decrease in transfer inefficiency over the surface-channel CCD technology is generally accepted to be at least an order of magnitude. Because of the fact that these commercially available devices are primarily line-scan image sensors and two-dimensional arrays with intrinsic silicon spectral response, it is intentional that there will be a heavy emphasis on these types of devices. The modulation-transfer function describes the fidelity of an imaging system by giving the attenuation of an image signal as a function of spatial frequency. In CCD image sensors, the MTF is the result of several parameters: the photo element aperture, the optical cross talk, the charge-transfer inefficiency, and the preamplifier characteristics. An n -channel CCD line-scan image sensor can be fabricated much like a high-density NMOS memory device. They both use two levels of polysilicon gates. Ion implantation is essential as a means of doping and is used at least twice in the course of making a typical two-phase device: once to form the n -channel and again to form the barriers that are located under the gaps in the first level of poly-Si along the CCD registers. A CCD signal-processing device that could appropriately be used in a camera for image processing is considered for application in spacecraft navigation and camera pointing. A significant feature of this technology is the high uniformity of response that is possible in the case of illumination from the silicon side.
Abnormal Pulmonary Arterial Elastance Is Associated With Reduced Exercise Capacity in Tetralogy of Fallot.

Background A previous study reported histologic abnormalities in the pulmonary artery (PA) of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). However, the potential effect of these anatomical findings on ...
SLOW SYNAPTIC MODULATION OF EXCITABILITY IN MYENTERIC NEURONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

Publisher Summary The synaptic transfer of information in the nervous system involves fast synaptic potentials that last for less than 50 msec and slow synaptic potentials that last for seconds or minutes. A specific type of myenteric neuron in the small intestine of a guinea-pig is a model for slow synaptic potentials. This chapter discusses slow excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the myenteric plexus. Slow EPSPs are evoked in ganglion cell bodies by focal electrical stimulation at either the ganglionic surface or at the interganglionic fiber tracts. They are evoked by single stimulus pulses or by repetitive stimulation. Repetitive stimulation at 4–8 Hz for 1–5 sec elicits a maximal EPSP. The depolarization of the slow EPSP is associated with increased input resistance and augmented excitability that are prolonged for 10–90 sec after the termination of stimulus. Several different kinds of evidence suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is the neurotransmitter for slow EPSP. The application of substance P to the myenteric neurons duplicates some aspects of the slow EPSP.
Water crisis, drought, and climate change in the southeast United States

Abstract This study seeks to better understand the complex relationships between water resources, drought, residents, and organizations within the context of climate change. In regions where droughts have occurred, or where they are anticipated, water availability becomes a key concern for local residents, organizational leaders, and governmental officials who fear socioeconomic hardships. The focal theory, the construal level theory, is expanded by: (1) exploring resident understanding about water availability and climate change, and (2) assessing the impact of resident proximity to an environmental crisis and the presence of drought conditions. A dual social-climate science quantitative approach is introduced to explore the role of actual climatic conditions on important residential and organizational outcomes. To capture spatial proximity, an experimental design is used where residents within (experimental group) and outside (control group) water crisis areas were surveyed. For residents in water crisis areas, perceived use of water compared to neighbors, residential attribution for water shortages, and age are significantly related to perceived household water availability and only farm irrigation attribution for water shortages is significantly related to state-level water policy support. For residents in non-crisis areas, actual drought conditions and industrial attribution for water shortages are significantly related to water availability perceptions and water conservation, climate change attribution for water shortages, and age are significantly related to state-level water policy support. This is the first study to the authors’ knowledge to demonstrate the impact of actual drought conditions on individual perceptions about water security. Construal level theory application and implications are discussed.
To tweet or not to tweet, that is the question: A randomized trial of Twitter effects in medical education

Introduction Many medical education journals use Twitter to garner attention for their articles. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of tweeting on article page views and downloads. Methods The authors conducted a randomized trial using Academic Medicine articles published in 2015. Beginning in February through May 2018, one article per day was randomly assigned to a Twitter (case) or control group. Daily, an individual tweet was generated for each article in the Twitter group that included the title, #MedEd, and a link to the article. The link delivered users to the article’s landing page, which included immediate access to the HTML full text and a PDF link. The authors extracted HTML page views and PDF downloads from the publisher. To assess differences in page views and downloads between cases and controls, a time-centered approach was used, with outcomes measured at 1, 7, and 30 days. Results In total, 189 articles (94 cases, 95 controls) were analyzed. After days 1 and 7, there were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls on any metric. On day 30, HTML page views exhibited a 63% increase for cases (M = 14.72, SD = 63.68) when compared to controls (M = 9.01, SD = 14.34; incident rate ratio = 1.63, p = 0.01). There were no differences between cases and controls for PDF downloads on day 30. Discussion Contrary to the authors’ hypothesis, only one statistically significant difference in page views between the Twitter and control groups was found. These findings provide preliminary evidence that after 30 days a tweet can have a small positive effect on article page views.
Pharmacy costs of systemic and topical medications for atopic dermatitis.

Dear Editor,Medication costs for atopic dermatitis (AD) have been persistently high in the United States, with cumulative health care spending of $29.3 billion in 2012 (1). Although some prices of ...
A Hybrid Front-end for Multi-Generator Power System Harmonic Elimination

A front-end for multi-generator power system was recently proposed, which utilizes a single wye-delta (Y-Δ) transformer to shunt between the two 30° phase-shifted generator outputs. The shunt type phase-shift transformer front-end provides comparable 5th and 7th harmonic elimination performance to the conventional 12-pulse rectifier with more than 75% transformer size reduction. In this paper, a hybrid front end, which consists of the shunt Y-Δ transformer and an active power filter is proposed to further improve the power quality. In this configuration, 11th and 13th harmonics from nonlinear load are actively compensated by the active power filter and 5th and 7th harmonics are trapped by Y-Δ transformer. Theoretically, the performance of the proposed front end is equivalent to a traditional 24-pulse rectifier with a significant reduction in the overall size and weight, which makes it attractive to large-scale industrial and shipboard applications. The harmonic cancellation principle of the proposed front end is derived and verified by simulation and experimental results.
Importin-α2 mediates brain development, learning and memory consolidation in Drosophila

Neuronal development and memory consolidation are conserved processes that rely on nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of signaling molecules to regulate gene activity and initiate cascades of downstream cellular events. Surprisingly, few reports address and validate this widely accepted perspective. Here we show that Importin-α2 (Imp-α2), a soluble nuclear transporter that shuttles cargoes between the cytoplasm and nucleus, is vital for brain development, learning and persistent memory in Drosophila melanogaster. Mutations in importin-α2 (imp-α2, known as Pendulin or Pen and homologous with human KPNA2) are alleles of mushroom body miniature B (mbmB), a gene known to regulate aspects of brain development and influence adult behavior in flies. Mushroom bodies (MBs), paired associative centers in the brain, are smaller than normal due to defective proliferation of specific intrinsic Kenyon cell (KC) neurons in mbmB mutants. Extant KCs projecting to the MB β-lobe terminate abnormally on the contralateral side of the brain. mbmB adults have impaired olfactory learning but normal memory decay in most respects, except that protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory (LTM) is abolished. This observation supports an alternative mechanism of persistent memory in which mutually exclusive protein-synthesis-dependent and -independent forms rely on opposing cellular mechanisms or circuits. We propose a testable model of Imp-α2 and nuclear transport roles in brain development and conditioned behavior. Based on our molecular characterization, we suggest that mbmB is hereafter referred to as imp-α2mbmB.
2Across: A Comparison of Audio-Tactile and Screen-Reader based Representations of a Crossword Puzzle

Crosswords are a popular recreational game that relies on the spatial relationship between words. As a player answers clues, they begin to organize words to form an intersecting grid. A good non-visual representation should convey the interrelation of words and support the user in building a practical spatial image of the crossword grid. This paper looks at two approaches to representing a crossword puzzle for visually impaired users: a screen reader based crossword, and an audio-tactile crossword puzzle. We evaluate the designs in a study with 10 visually impaired participants. The audio-tactile representation was found to support the practical use of the crossword's spatial structure while the screen reader based puzzle leveraged participant's prior experience in navigating websites. The paper discusses critical aspects of our study and presents a perspective on the use of multimodal interfaces for such spatial applications.
Citizenship and intercultural dialogue: IR analysis & minority youth in the UK and Germany

In order to grasp an understanding of the situation of minority youth, we need to look at two fundamental questions that inform identity and participation: ‘Do I belong?’ and ‘Am I valued?’ (Laton,...
Optimizing Precision of Hypertension Care to Maximize Blood Pressure Control: A Pilot Study Utilizing a Smartphone App to Incorporate Plasma Renin Activity Testing.

Only half of patients with hypertension (HTN) respond to any given antihypertensive medication. Heterogeneity in pathophysiologic pathways underlying HTN is a major contributor. Personalizing antihypertensive therapy could improve blood pressure (BP) reduction. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of pragmatic implementation of a personalized plasma renin activity (PRA)-based smartphone app on improving BP reduction. Patients with untreated or treated but uncontrolled HTN were recruited. BP and PRA were measured at baseline with final BP measured at 6 months. Patient's information was entered into the app and treatment recommendations were returned. Clinicians were at liberty to follow or disregard the app's recommendations. BP levels and percent BP control among patients whose clinicians did and did not follow the app's recommendations were compared using independent t-test and Fisher's exact test, respectively. Twenty-nine European American patients were included (38% women) with mean age of 52 ± 9 years and median PRA of 1.3 ng/mL/hr (interquartile range 0.5-3.1 ng/mL/hr). Participants whose clinicians followed the app's recommendations (n = 16, 55%) as compared with those whose clinicians did not (n = 13, 45%), had a greater reduction in 6-month systolic BP (-15 ± 21 vs. -3 ± 21 mm Hg; adjusted-P = 0.1) and diastolic BP (-8 ± 8 vs. -1 ± 8 mm Hg; adjusted-P = 0.04). BP control at 6 months tended to be greater among patients whose clinicians accepted the app's recommendations vs. those whose clinicians did not (63% vs. 23%, P = 0.06). This pilot study demonstrates that acceptance of the app's recommendations was associated with a greater BP reduction. Future studies to confirm these pilot findings are warranted.
Formal and informal sources of sexual information predict women’s sexual self-schema

Sexual self-schema (SSS) reflect an individual’s cognitive representations of oneself as a sexual person, and predict critical sexual health and wellbeing outcomes in women. Like other cognitive st...
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state for space-time variables in a two-photon interference experiment.

A pair of correlated photons generated from parametric down-conversion was sent to two independent Michelson interferometers. Second-order interference was studied by means of a coincidence measurement between the outputs of two interferometers. The reported experiment and analysis studied this second-order interference phenomenon from the point of view of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox. The experiment was done in two steps. The first step of the experiment used 50-psec and 3-nsec coincidence time windows simultaneously. The 50-psec window was able to distinguish a 1.5-cm optical path difference in the interferometers. The interference visibility was measured to be 38% and 21% for the 50-psec time window and 22% and 7% for the 3-nsec time window, when the optical path differences of the interferometers were 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively. By comparing the visibilities between these two windows, the experiment showed the nonclassical effect which resulted from an EPR state. The second step of the experiment used a 20-psec coincidence time window, which was able to distinguish a 6-mm optical path difference in the interferometers. The interference visibilities were measured to be 59% for an optical path difference of 7 mm. This is an observation of visibility greater than 50% for a two-interferometer EPR experiment which demonstrates nonclassical correlation of space-time variables.
The (n,p) Reaction at 60 MeV on N>Z Targets

Historically, the work of Obu & Terasawa1 and Measday2 provided evidence that the (n,p) reaction showed some selectivity for population of collective states. However, until the recent experiments at UC Davis, no systematic studies with resolution ≲ 1 MeV were undertaken. A comparison of the (n,p) reaction on To = 0 targets with photonuclear experiments, inelastic electron scattering (particularly at θ = 180°), radiative pion capture and hadronic probes has revealed considerable sensitivity to known collective M1 and El states.3 These properties of the (n,p) reaction are identical to those of the (p,n) reaction on the same targets since only ≲T = 1 is allowed for both. The extension of the (n,p) reaction to To ≠ 0 targets leads to the same isovector (≲T = 1) selection rule. This is not the case for the (p,n) reaction which can populate ≲T = 0, ± 1 states favoring those with ≲T = -1 and ≲T = 0. This paper presents results of the (n,p) reaction at 60 MeV on 7Li, 9Be, 27A1, 58,60,62,64Ni, 90Zr, and 209Bi targets.
Teachers Need to Be Smarter Than A 5th Grader: What Pre-service Teachers Know About Density

This article details a mixed-methods study that investigated 55 elementary pre-service teachers’ content knowledge about density. Using a mixed-methods approach, pre/post concepts maps (Cmaps) and pre/post face-to-face interviews were used as data to document changes in teacher knowledge which occurred over a 15-week science methods course. Thematic analysis was used to capture patterns within the data and a paired-sample t -test was conducted to compare pre/post Cmap scores. Results indicate a weak framework of prior knowledge about density which was a mosaic of alternative conceptions and a few learned concepts. Many participants focused on a single aspect of density and were unable to engage in relational causality which involves the consideration of two variables simultaneously. After instruction, robust alternative conceptions continued to be observed (e.g., density is buoyancy and density is the same as heaviness, mass, or weight) and learned concepts were concrete and rote. The most common learned concept was the density algorithm (~40%) followed by the learned concept that density is an intensive property of matter (22%) and demonstrated understandings of proportional reasoning (7%). Results of the paired sample t- test demonstrate a statistically significant difference between the total proposition accuracy scores for pre/post Cmaps (t = -3.178, p < .002) with the instructional intervention larger for post-Cmap scores (M = 1.02; SD = 1.063) than for pre-Cmap scores (M = 0.55; SD = 0.812). The effect size was medium.
Canadian Public Libraries Are Aware of Their Role as Information Literacy Training Providers, but Face Several Challenges

Abstract Objective – To explore the current state of information literacy (IL) training in Canadian public libraries, and to identify strategies used for improving IL training skills for staff and patrons. Design – Mixed-methods approach, including document analysis, observations, and focus group interviews. Setting – Two libraries of a large public library system in Canada: the central library and one branch library. Subjects – Six staff members (manager, administrator, training coordinator, instructor, and computer technician) who have been involved in designing and teaching information literacy courses for library patrons and staff. Methods – The researcher analyzed internal and external library documents related to information literacy, including, but not limited to, reports, posters, lesson plans, newsletters, and training scripts. He also observed interactions and behaviours of patrons during IL training sessions. Finally, he conducted a focus group with people involved in IL training, asking questions about facilities and resources, programs, patron reaction, librarian knowledge of IL theory, and impediments and benefits of IL training programs in public libraries. Main Results – Staff were aware of the importance of IL training in the library. Attracting more library patrons (including building partnerships with other organizations), improving staff IL and training skills, employing effective strategies for running training programs, and dealing with financial issues were all concerns about running IL training that were highlighted. Conclusion – Canadian public libraries are well aware of their role as IL training providers, but they still face several challenges in order to improve their effectiveness.
Agricultural Occupational Health Nurse Training and Certification

ABSTRACT The 1989 report “Agriculture at Risk: A Report to the Nation'' called for more trained health professionals to meet the manpower needs for control of occupational health and safety in farming communities. This report indicated the need for 8,000 occupational health nurses in agriculture when there were few trained professionals in this area. Iowa's Center for Agricultural Safety and Health started an agricultural health nurse training program in 1987. As its nurse-directed, hospital-based network of agricultural occupational health clinic programs expanded, and as the Iowa Department of Public Health's Occupational Health Nurse in Agricultural Communities (OHNAC) program grew, a greater need developed for formalized training and certification. In response, a national working group convened to study the feasibility, curriculum, certification, and delivery mechanisms for such a program. The planning phase produced a “Feasibility and Recommendations'' document. A future implementation phase will fin...
On the Toughness of Cycle Permutation Graphs

Motivated by the conjectures in [11], we introduce the maximal chains of a cycle permutation graph, and we use the properties of maximal chains to establish the upper bounds for the toughness of cycle permutation graphs. Our results confirm two conjectures in [11].
Studies of congenital hemolytic syndromes. I. Rates of destruction and production of erythrocytes in thalassemia.

Rates of destruction of erythrocytes and of effective production of erythrocytes and hemoglobin have been determined in 10 patients with homozygous Cooley9s anemia. The method employed was based upon survival of Cr51-labeled cells in patients in whom a state of equilibrium of erythrocytes was present. While a marked hemohytic defect is present, this defect does not, by itself, determine the degree of anemia present. Rates of effective production of erythrocytes are increased above normal but are not increased to the same degree found in patients with other hemolytic diseases. Rates of effective synthesis of hemoglobin were found to be less than those obtained for production of erythrocytes. The rates of production of fetal hemoglobin in these patients are remarkably elevated but cannot be directly correlated with the rate of destruction of erythrocytes, rate of production of erythrocytes, or the degree of anemia present. The hemolytic defect in patients with intermediate Cooley9s anemia was comparable to that in the majority of the patients with the severe form of disease. However, the most marked hemolytic defects were among patients with the severe and not with the intermediate form of disease. Production of erythrocytes and hemoglobin did not differ significantly in the two forms of this disease. Results in two splenectomized patients did not differ significantly from results in the non-splenectomized group of patients. However, since pre-splenectomy data were not available, no statement may be made as to possible individual benefit derived from the operation. The final status of each patient is determined by the particular balance obtained between rates of destruction and production. Neither production nor destruction alone determines the degree of anemia. The compensation index, as a measure of final status in each patient, was lowest in the severe form of Cooley9s anemia. It is presumed to be lower still in many patients who could not be studied because transfusion therapy was in progress. The compensation index is somewhat higher in patients with intermediate Cooley9s anemia and in two splenectomized individuals not requiring frequent transfusions. Values in these patients approach the higher levels found in patients with sickle cell anemia and congenital spherocytosis.
Scalable libraries in a heterogeneous environment

This paper concerns itself with efforts to extend multicomputer libraries to a hierarchical, heterogeneous network environment. Two classes of support for such libraries are discussed: first, the message-passing features needed to establish groups of communicating processes, and communication contexts within which libraries can safely work. Second, it discusses message-passing primitives that encapsulate heterogeneity, hiding it from the user program (and library alike), and eliminating it when it proves unnecessary (within a homogeneous invocation, for instance). The multicomputer toolbox first-generation scalable libraries, and zipcode message-passing systems are the means by which the author demonstrates his research, so they are discussed. He relates zipcode syntax and semantics to the emerging MPI standard, when appropriate. >
[INVITED] Non-intrusive optical imaging of face to probe physiological traits in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can impair non-verbal communication including the variety and extent of facial expressions in social and interpersonal communication. These impairments may appear as differential traits in the physiology of facial muscles of an individual with ASD when compared to a typically developing individual. The differential traits in the facial expressions as shown by facial muscle-specific changes (also known as ‘facial oddity’ for subjects with ASD) may be measured visually. However, this mode of measurement may not discern the subtlety in facial oddity distinctive to ASD. Earlier studies have used intrusive electrophysiological sensors on the facial skin to gauge facial muscle actions from quantitative physiological data. This study demonstrates, for the first time in the literature, novel quantitative measures for facial oddity recognition using non-intrusive facial imaging sensors such as video and 3D optical cameras. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved that pilot study has been conducted on a group of individuals consisting of eight participants with ASD and eight typically developing participants in a control group to capture their facial images in response to visual stimuli. The proposed computational techniques and statistical analyses reveal higher mean of actions in the facial muscles of the ASD group versus the control group. The facial muscle-specific evaluation reveals intense yet asymmetric facial responses as facial oddity in participants with ASD. This finding about the facial oddity may objectively define measurable differential markers in the facial expressions of individuals with ASD.
A comparison of anticholinergic drugs on gastric secretion, gastric emptying, and pupil diameter in the rat.

Summary The effects of five anticholinergic drugs were compared on gastric secretion, gastric emptying, and pupil diameter in the rat. Gastric secretion was obtained from the acute gastric fistula rat preparation while gastric emptying was measured by the passage of amberlite resin pellets out of the stomach. On oral administration, atropine sulfate and dicyclomine affected pupil size before the other parameters. Atropine depressed acid output and gastric emptying at the same dose, while dicyclomine depressed gastric emptying before gastric acid output. Atropine methyl bromide, scopolamine methyl iodide, and propantheline bromide first inhibited acid output, next changed pupil size, and then depressed gastric emptying. Propantheline, although not the most potent drug, had the highest ratios of acid output inhibition to pupil diameter and gastric emptying. Comparison of the drugs after subcutaneous administration showed that all drugs studied increased pupil diameter before affecting acid output or gastric emptying. Atropine sulfate and scopolamine methyl iodide depressed acid output before gastric emptying while the reverse was true with atropine methyl bromide and propantheline. Gastric acid output and gastric emptying were depressed at essentially equal doses by dicyclomine. The study suggested that relationship of secondary drug actions (pupil size and gastric emptying) to the desired action of gastric acid inhibition is more important than the absolute potency of the drugs.
Multiobjective Decision Analysis

This article provides a summary of multiobjective decision analysis methods and techniques. Multiobjective decision analysis is appropriate when we have complex alternatives, conflicting objectives, and significant uncertainty. Complexity and simplifications are discussed. A computational example analyzing an adversary threat scenario using multiobjective decision analysis with a decision tree is provided. Keywords: decision analysis; multiobjective decision analysis; value-focused thinking; influence diagram; decision tree