cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decomposable Symmetric Designs

Abstract The first infinite families of symmetric designs were obtained from finite projective geometries, Hadamard matrices, and difference sets. In this paper we describe two general methods of constructing symmetric designs that give rise to the parameters of all other known infinite families of symmetric designs. The method of global decomposition produces an incidence matrix of a symmetric design as a block matrix with each block being a zero matrix or an incidence matrix of a smaller symmetric design. The method of local decomposition represents incidence matrices of a residual and a derived design of a symmetric design as block matrices with each block being a zero matrix or an incidence matrix of a smaller residual or derived design, respectively.
Predicting microdroplet force response using a multiscale modeling approach

Abstract An axisymmetric microscale finite element model of a microdroplet test specimen is developed where the structural response of the fiber–droplet interface is accounted for by surface-based cohesive behavior. In this study, the interface cohesive response is estimated using a nanoscale interface finite element model that explicitly includes the effects of fiber surface topography and the interphase region. The interphase behavior in the nanoscale interface model is calibrated using indirect experimental data. Once calibrated, the fiber surface topography in the nanoscale interface model is modified in order to estimate the parameters defining the surface-based cohesive behavior of similar fiber–matrix systems with different fiber topography. The effect of altering the fiber topography on the force response of the microdroplet test can then be predicted by the microdroplet FE model. Comparing the simulation results with experimental data from the literature shows that this multiscale modeling approach gives accurate predictions for the interfacial shear stress.
Sonographic Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Excursion and Thickness in Healthy Infants and Children

OBJECTIVES M-mode sonography is a noninvasive method for detection of diaphragmatic excursion and thickness. A few studies have assessed diaphragmatic kinetics in children with diaphragmatic paresis and paralysis, but to our knowledge, no data about normal values in pediatrics are available. The aims of this study were to determine reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness, as evaluated by sonography in healthy infants and children, and identify correlations between them and anthropometric measurements, age, and sex. METHODS A total of 400 healthy participants aged between 1 month and 16 years, divided into 4 equal groups (group 1, 1 month-2 years; group 2, 2-6 years; group 3, 6-12 years); and group 4, 12-16 years) were studied. M-mode sonography was used to measure the excursion and thickness of the right and left hemidiaphragms (using the liver and spleen as acoustic windows, respectively). RESULTS Reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness were determined in different age groups of healthy infants and children. There were no significant differences with respect to sex. Significant positive correlations were found between excursion of the right hemidiaphragm and body weight in all age groups (r = 0.52, 0.25, 0.27. and 0.20; P < .001, .013, .011, and .047 for groups 1-4, respectively). We plotted percentile curves for right diaphragmatic excursion against body weight. CONCLUSIONS This study provides reference values for diaphragmatic excursion and thickness in healthy infants and children. Percentile curves for right diaphragmatic excursion plotted against body weight were plotted.
Convulsive toxemia. A report of 168 cases managed conservatively.

Abstract Existence of eclampsia of pregnancy as the cause of over 6 per cent of maternal deaths indicates a continuing need for correlative reviews of treatment. During the 25 year period ending Dec. 31, 1963, 168 patients with a diagnosis of convulsive toxemia were treated at this institution. Delivery within an arbitrary time limit after control of convulsions or coma is not considered an essential part of therapy. Treatment has been continued as long as there is improvement in symptomatology, and termination of pregnancy has been considered primarily in those patients showing deterioration or absence of improvement on medical management. This policy has resulted in an 81.5 per cent incidence of spontaneous labor, an uncorrected fetal mortality of 21.6 per cent, and a maternal mortality of 4.7 per cent.
Immunoglobulins on the surface of neoplastic lymphocytes.

Abstract Peripheral lymphocytes from 25 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and three with chronic lymphosarcoma-cell leukemia, and lymph-node cells from three of four with lymphocytic lymphoma bore on their cell surface IgM, which was readily demonstrated with fluorescein-conjugated antiserums. The lymphosarcoma cell differed from the cell of CLL in possessing much more surface immunoglobulin. Light-chain analysis of the surface IgM showed that cells bore either kappa or lambda determinants, but not both, indicating the clonal nature of these neoplasms. The serum of four leukemic patients was also found to contain small amounts of IgM M-components. Since the B lymphocyte (bone-marrow-derived) of laboratory animals bears large amounts of surface immunoglobulin and the T lymphocyte (thymus processed) does not, the findings favor the B-cell origin of these leukemic cells. A less likely possibility is that the CLL lymphocyte is a derepressed T cell.
Transpacific Accommodation and the Defense of Asian Immigrants

Studies of California’s anti-Japanese movement in the first half of the twentieth century invariably focus on processes of racial bigotry and misunderstanding. This article instead examines the emergence of an important discourse of racial accommodation, as well as the organized opposition to anti-Japanese policies, that was both consistent with and in opposition to the dominant racism of the day. The analysis focuses on three prominent Californians—John P. Irish, David Starr Jordan, and Chester H. Rowell—who, as early adopters of racial tolerance and transpacific identity, pioneered the defense of Japanese in the Golden State.
Kant on human dignity: A response to Oliver Sensen

In his book, "Kant on Human Dignity", Oliver Sensen argues that the standard interpretation of Kant's conception of human dignity as an absolute value property is mistaken. According to Sensen, the standard interpretation is based on the assumption that Kant endorses Moorean moral intutionism. This leads to the false view that we must first perceive that other human beings have value and then infer that we ought to respect them. Against this standard interpretation Sensen claims that Kant endorses moral prescriptivism. According to this view a value statement is "nothing more than a (rational) prescription that commands what we should value". If we interpret Kant's moral epistemology along these lines, we will come to see that dignity is in fact a relational concept. In this paper I want to agree with Sensen that Kant was not a moral intuitionist. In thinking that objectivity in morality would require that the moral law "exists" independently of rational cognizers the moral intuitionist presupposes a conception of objectivity rather than arguing for it. The unargued presupposition is that the object has to be something other than the cognizing subject itself. However, the fact that intuitionism is not the adequate account does not imply that the standard interprtation of Kant's conception of human dignity is mistaken. In other words, the claim 'intuitionism is false' and 'human dignity is an absolute value property' are compatible. I believe that Sensen ultimately does not sufficiently appreciate the fact that the moral law is the form of practical cognition. Presriptivism only claims that a certain actionis rational, but it does not explain why we perform it. Since the inner worth of a good action as well as the inner worth of humanity as such depends on practical cognition a priori, I don't see any reason why we should resist the claim that Kant ascribes an absolute or inner metaphysical value property both to humanity and to particular morally good actions. My paper comes in three parts. I first want to show why Kant is neither a moral intuitionist nor a prescriptivist but that his view is best described as a view I call 'moral idealism?. I then argue that moral constructivism does not have the voluntarist or subjectivist implications Sensen takes it to have, and that is much closer to the position he sympathizes with. Finally I show on textaul grounds why Kant did in fact ascribe an absolute value to humanity and to morally good actions.
Crystallization kinetics of the phase change material GeSb6Te measured with dynamic transmission electron microscopy

GeSb6Te is a chalcogenide-based phase change material that has shown great ptoential for use in solid-state memory devices. The crystallization kinetics of amorphous thin films of GeSb6Te during laser crystallization were followed with dynamic transmission electron microscopy, a photo-emission electron microscopy technique with nanosecond-scale time resolution. Nine-frame movies of crystal growth were taken during laser crystallization. The nucleation rate is observed to be very low and the growth rates are very high, up to 10.8 m s(-1) for amorphous as-deposited films and significantly higher for an amorphous film subject to sub-threshold laser annealing before crystallization. The measured growth rates exceed any directly measured growth rate of a phase change material. The crystallization is reminiscent of explosive crystallization of elemental semiconductors both in the magnitude of the growth rate and in the resulting crystalline microstructures.
Polymicrobial bloodstream infections (PBI): An under-realized complication in patients with cancer (2005–2006)

19590 Background: Little attention has been directed to PBI in cancer patients. Methods: Fifty-four PBI episodes were evaluated retrospectively in 51 patients after obtaining IRB approval. PBI was ...
Investigation of central air-conditioning system pollution in three cities and analysis on related influencing factors

Objective:To investigate the pollution status of particle and microorganisms of central air-conditioning system in public places in three cities,and discuss how they influence indoor air quality.Methods:Appendix C,D,H and I of code for hygiene of central air-conditioning ventilation system in public places published by ministry of health of the people′s republic of China in 2006 to test particle matter and microorganisms of central air-conditioning system,and WS/T 206-2001 and GB/T 18883-2002 to test the particle matter and microorganisms of indoor air.Results:The qualified rates of respirable particle matter,bacteria count and total fungi count of air supply were 50%,41% and 64%.The qualified rates of dust volume,total bacteria count and total fungi count on the interior surface of air duct were 58%,81% and 84%.Conclusion:The hygiene status of central air-conditioning system influenced the quality of indoor air directly,so it is necessary to intensify cleaning and disinfecting of central air-conditioning system.
The War Within: Moral Injury and Guilt

Soldiers survive their wounds in today’s war at rates remarkably higher than ever before.1 But some wounds still go uncounted, though suffered no less, and these are often moral wounds.2 Soldiers routinely battle these wounds, often all too privately, through punishing feelings of guilt and self-censure. If there is any victory to be found in these battles, it is not just in relief, but in clarity about one’s moral responsibility in war, especially when luck is among the factors.
Evaluation Methods of Influenza A /H1N1 Pandemic by Disease Surveillance Data

[Objective]To evaluate epidemic intensity and characteristics of Influenza A/H1N1 with the existing disease surveillance system.[Methods]Based on influenza sentinel hospital surveillance system,influenza network laboratories monitoring system,disease surveillance system for monitoring mortality,the monitoring data were used to calculate excess influenza cases and deaths caused by influenza A /H1N1 through comparison of the average in previous years.[Results]According to influenza sentinel surveillance data from 36th～42nd week (September17—October 27),there were 51 447 cases of cumulative excess of influenza-like illness;the network of laboratory data indicated that the ratio of influenza A/H1N1 continued to rise,and reached 100% at the end of 43rd week;there were 55 excess pneumonia deaths in population over 60 years comparing to the average between 2006—2008.[Conclusion]Through monitoring the system,the accumulation of excess number of influenza-like cases,proportion of Influenza A /H1N1 and the excess deaths due to pneumonia are calculated.The comprehensive evaluation indicated that 5～25 years age group is the major infection group for influenza A/H1N1,the fatality rate is up to 2.6% in patients over 60 years,but the fatality rate in children and young adults is only1/10 000.
Understanding Hypoxic Drive and the Release of Hypoxic Vasoconstriction

Understanding the hypoxic drive and release of hypoxic vasoconstriction in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population can be somewhat confusing and misunderstood. Furthermore, the hypoxic drive theory is one in which there really is no scientific evidence to support and yet continues to prosper in every aspect of care in regard to the chronic lung patient, from prehospital all the way to intensive care unit and home care therapy. This subject review will hopefully enhance some understanding of what exactly goes on with these patients and the importance of providing oxygen when it is desperately needed.
Fetal Brain Tissue Transplants Promote Behavioral Recovery from Bilateral Lesions of the Cerebral Cortex in Adult Rats

We recently demonstrated that frontal cortex taken from embryonic rats and transplanted directly into the damaged frontal cortex of adult animals, could dramatically improve their performance on a spatial alternation task. Implants of fetal cerebellum had no such effect. Although recovery of function was more rapid in the rats with cortical transplants, they were not able to perform the learning task as well as intact controls. Since the recovery was not complete, we decided to examine some of the factors that could enhance the effectivness of the transplants.
JLS-PPC: A Jump Linear System Framework for Networked Control

We present a unified formalism for multiagent networked control and estimation with scheduling, delays, and packet loss in the communication channels between the controller and distributed sensors and actuators. The modular framework is a combined construction of a stochastic jump linear system (JLS) description of the plant and network effects, a Kalman filter-based estimator, and packetized predictive control, a receding horizon optimization technique with buffering at the actuator. Integration of these elements enables the synthesis of a novel estimation technique that generalizes prior approaches for control and measurement packet loss to the case with schedules, delays, control buffering, and most importantly, delayed and lossy control packet acknowledgments (ACKs). The JLS framework allows a clean separation of jump variable estimation and a posteriori state estimation using a backup-and-rerun strategy, and can handle variable-length ACK histories for multiple independent control communication channels. Finally, we derive modified covariance priors for the filter that account for uncertainty in the control action applied at the vehicle when ACKs are not available and control buffers are used. Simulations with single vehicle and multivehicle systems demonstrate the methods and show the benefits of utilizing delayed and lossy ACKs.
Role-Centric Circle-of-Trust in Multi-tenant Cloud IaaS

Currently, collaboration is a major challenge in adopting cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Enterprise work-flow intrinsically mandates collaboration across its tenant boundaries as well as with associated organizations’ tenants in the cloud. In this paper, we investigate a Circle-of-Trust approach where tenants establish trust within a circle of tenants for the purpose of collaboration. We present a novel extension of role-centric access control models to provide collaboration in the context of homogeneous and heterogeneous circles. In a homogeneous circle, our approach allows tenants to equally assert cross-tenant user assignments to enable access to shared resources. In a circle with non-uniform tenants, attributes are added to distinguish user-assignments where tenants are differentiated by type in the heterogeneous circle. Particularly, tenant-trust relation is established within a group of tenants authorizing user-role assignments across tenants.
Marketing Ethics: Sales Professionals Versus Other Marketing Professionals

Both the sales profession and other marketing professions encounter situations that may be ethically troublesome. Are those in diverse marketing professions different regarding their ethical beliefs and opinions? This study compares sales professionals with other marketing practitioners with respect to various measures of ethics. The results suggest that members of the sales profession do not differ from members of other marketing professions with respect to their Machiavellianism, deontological norms, perceptions of ethical problems, and perceptions of feasible alternatives. However, the results indicate that sales professionals tend to place more importance on their personal interests than other marketing professionals.
Neonatologists' opinions about the 'foreseeable risks' in comparative effectiveness research: Results from an online survey.

To examine how neonatologists determine which risks require inclusion for informed consent per the ‘Common Rule’ and ‘Draft Guidance’ regulations in comparative effectiveness research (CER). Neonatologists active in research were invited to complete an online survey. Questions focused on clinical practices for treating hyperbilirubinemia in premature infants and about risk disclosure related to a hypothetical randomized trial. Response rate was 57%. 43% were primarily researchers; 31% primarily clinicians. 69% had conducted CER. 81% thought hypothetical study enrollment was not riskier than receiving routine care. 76% labeled the study ‘minimal risk’ by comparing study risks to clinical care risks. Respondents would not currently disclose many of the treatment risks but would disclose more if the Draft Guidance were enacted into law. Findings suggest the Draft Guidance requires disclosure of more risks than does the Common Rule; applying either rule results in disclosure of more risks than in standard clinical care.
Semiotics of Otherness in Japanese Mythology

This article examines the tropes of "otherness" embedded in Japanese myths and legends in which the protagonist has a physical or intellectual disability to uncover the sociohistorical attitudes toward such people in Japan. Using the theory of semiotics, I will explicate the narrative signifiers of "the Other" represented in Japanese mythology; examine the binary perceptions of disability in ancient myths, medieval literature, and latter-day folklore in Japan; and demonstrate how perceptions have changed historically. I argue that some of these antique perceptions of the Other that have survived in contemporary Japanese consciousness may be hampering our effort to understand human variation.
A test of four evolutionary hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: evidence for the social bargaining model

The onset of cravings for items not typically desired is often considered a hallmark of pregnancy. Given the ubiquity of cravings, this phenomenon remains surprisingly understudied. The current study tested four hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: behavioural immune system, nutrient seeking, resource scarcity and social bargaining. The research took place in Tamil Nadu, South India, with pregnant women residing in rural villages ( N = 94). Methods included structured interviews and anthropometric measures. Findings revealed that unripe mango and unripe tamarind were the two most frequently mentioned food cravings among this population, but were not sufficiently supported by the a priori models. Results confirmed that the social bargaining model was the best explanation for the etic category of toxic/pathogenic food items, suggesting that pregnant women crave dangerous foods when experiencing heightened social pressures. Finally, toxicity/pathogenicity was a confounding factor for the nutrient seeking and resource scarcity models, calling into question the validity of these models in adverse environments. Overall, these findings present important implications for research on pregnancy food cravings, such that in resource-scarce and pathogen-dense environments, cravings might target teratogenic items that signal a need for increased social support.
Thermal radiation and entanglement in proton-proton collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

The origin of the apparent thermalization in high-energy collisions is investigated using the data of the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC. For this purpose, we analyze the transverse momentum distributions in the following proton-proton collision processes, all at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$: (i) inclusive inelastic $pp$ collisions; (ii) single- and double-diffractive Drell-Yan production $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}X$; and (iii) Higgs boson production. We confirm the relation between the effective temperature and the hard scattering scale observed at lower energies, and find that it extends even to the Higgs boson production process. In addition we find that the thermal component disappears in diffractive events (even though many charged hadrons are still produced). We discuss the implications of our study for the mechanism of multiparticle production---in particular, we test the hypothesis about the link between quantum entanglement and thermalization in high-energy collisions.
Creating Value for Customers, Clients, Partners and Society: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Food Waste

Roughly one-third of edible food produced in the world is wasted, that is, it is never consumed by humans, despite the persistent demands for nutrition throughout the world. The American Marketing ...
En defensa de la nación criolla: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora y el Alboroto y motín de los indios de México

The uprising took place at a crucial moment of the 17th century, when the criollo class was consolidating the foundation for its project of nationhood, by means of an appropriation of the indigenous history and culture, to later counterpose and differentiate themselves from other subjectivities which interacted within the viceregal space. The figure of the criollo reflected the conjunction of those elements from the orthodox ideology of Spanish colonial power, with the new perspective involving rational knowledge, notions of independence and subjectivity. The ambiguity of the criollo caused his identity to fluctuate and change, in accordance with the sociopolitical situation in which he found himself. Therefore, Siguenza y Gongora would consider the subversive potential from subordinate groups during the uprising as a force which could threaten the ideological interests of the criollo class. The uprising could not be seen except as a form of disrespect from the plebians against the heirarchical order, an order which offered privileges to the social class which was beginning its project for nationhood.
Logic programming with generalized quantifiers

We introduce an extension of the language of the traditional logic programming, which is obtained by allowing for monotonic generalized quantifiers in the program clauses. We provide a declarative semantics, and we show that it satisfies the minimal fixed-point property. Using a transfinite induction on ordinals, we also present a procedural semantics (an interpreter), and we show that it is sound and complete with respect to the declarative semantics. Furthermore, we show that this language satisfies two fundamental properties of the traditional programming languages, namely, self-reflection and composition. We argue that the results here can be used as a starting point for the development of a generalized theory of logic programming.
Terry Lundgren at Macy's

In 2008 and 2009, a period of severe economic turmoil, Macy's CEO Terry Lundgren led a large-scale transformation of the iconic department store. Having previously converted the many department stores owned by Macy's to the Macy's names (except Bloomingdale's), Lundgren and his team set out to create a more efficient, dynamic organization. Their "One Macy's" initiative consolidated and centralized all key functions, while their "My Macy's" initiative focused on customizing the offerings of individual stores to local markets. By 2011, Macy's had many advantages, including an energized, highly experienced executive team; a nationwide presence and strong brand in the U.S.; a competitive offering of private label and exclusive brands; and, following the execution of One Macy's and My Macy's, a fresh, unique foundation for future growth. However, the company still faces significant challenges, including low sales productivity (in part due to the large size of its stores), the decline of mall-based shopping, poor floor-level sales capabilities, lack of appeal to younger consumers, intensifying competition, and an overall dearth of future growth opportunities. This case allows students to assess Lundgren's leadership to date and options for the future, as well as the overall viability of the department store business model.Learning Objective: To understand the threats to Macy's survival in the highly competitive retail industry and the CEO-led efforts to adapt Macy's business model to new industry challenges.
A Self - Consistently Coupled Drift Diffusion and Monte Carlo Simulator to Model Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell technology has continued to mature in recent years. A tremendous amount of research has been directed towards the optimization of the structure of the cell to obtain higher device performance. Any further improvement of the design requires a comprehensive understanding of all the factors that affect charge transport. Most theoretical attempts to describe charge transport have been based on traditional drift-diffusion (DD) methods, which are unable to capture the physics in crucial regions of the device. In this work we describe a method to self consistently couple a Monte Carlo (MC) solver to a DD solver. The MC solver is implemented to capture the high field behavior of the photogenerated carriers (holes) at the heterointerface. The selfconsistent coupling provides a quantitative link between device parameters (doping, thickness, defect densities, etc.) and device performance. This paper describes the first step in our effort to establish a full self-consistent multiscale solver that utilizes a DD (quasi-neutral regions), MC (high field regions) and kinetic Monte Carlo (defect transport) to rigorously study transport.
Microconical arrays as novel light-concentrating structures for enhancing sensitivity, angle-of-view, and reducing dark current of mid-IR FPAs

Focal plane arrays (FPAs) are pixelated arrays of photodetectors which are widely used for imaging. The problem of uncooled mid-wave infrared (MWIR) FPAs is related to their large thermal noise. In this work, using numerical modelling, it is proposed to use microconical light concentrators to decrease the area and thermal noise of MWIR FPAs. The photocurrent enhancement is defined as a ratio of power delivered by microcones to the power measured by the same photodetector without microcones for incident plane waves. In a simplified two-dimensional (2-D) model it is studied how the photocurrent enhancement depends on the geometrical parameters of microcones and on the angle of incidence. Due to a possibility of fabrication microcone arrays by various well-established technologies, this work opens a way for mass-scale integration of microconical arrays with MWIR FPAs, which can result in increasing the operation temperature of these devices.
Recursive Feature Elimination by Sensitivity Testing

There is great interest in methods to improve human insight into trained non-linear models. Leading approaches include producing a ranking of the most relevant features, a non-trivial task for non-linear models. We show theoretically and empirically the benefit of a novel version of recursive feature elimination (RFE) as often used with SVMs; the key idea is a simple twist on the kinds of sensitivity testing employed in computational learning theory with membership queries (e.g., [1]). With membership queries, one can check whether changing the value of a feature in an example changes the label. In the real-world, we usually cannot get answers to such queries, so our approach instead makes these queries to a trained (imperfect) non-linear model. Because SVMs are widely used in bioinformatics, our empirical results use a real-world cancer genomics problem; because ground truth is not known for this task, we discuss the potential insights provided. We also evaluate on synthetic data where ground truth is known.
Loss-Characterization and Guidelines for Embroidery of Conductive Textiles

The loss-performance of conductive-textile microstrip lines (MLs) is investigated based on their embroidery patterns. We fabricated and tested MLs with different thread alignments and compared their performances with their PCB counterpart. In total, three textile MLs of different thread alignments (90°, 45° and 0° -fill stitches) were fabricated and measured. The MLs were embroidered onto denim fabric using a new class of conductive textile thread, referred to as Elektrisola-7, via an automated embroidery process. The measurements suggested that embroidery patterns (alignments of textile threads) can significantly affect the performance of the embroidered MLs. The textile ML fabricated with 90°-fill stitches exhibited minimum transmission loss, and achieved less than 0.3dB/cm-loss up to 3.5 GHz. This is the first time that different embroidery patterns are studied and reported. The results serve as a reference for future textile design fabrication.
Abstract B076: Pan-cancer analysis to identify which cancers may benefit most from LAG-3 blockade

Immune checkpoint blockade using antibodies that target programmed-cell-death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand programmed-cell-death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and/or cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated-protein-4 (CTLA-4) have led to dramatic responses, but only in a subset of human cancers. An antibody targeting lymphocyte-activation-gene-3 (LAG-3), relatlimab (BMS-986016), recently showed significant clinical activity in melanoma, and early clinical data showed that LAG-3 expression is a biomarker of response to this agent. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data to identify genomic and immunologic correlates of LAG-3 expression. Hyper-mutation, and exogenous (Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus) or endogenous (endogenous retrovirus group 3 member 2) viral expression in tumor were associated with increased expression of LAG-3 in multiple cancer types. LAG-3 expression was also correlated with CD8A and PD-L1 expression in most cancer types; however, there were notable exceptions, including head-neck squamous-cell cancer (HNSC), renal cell cancer (RCC) and glioblastoma. In HNSC, LAG-3 expression, but not PD-L1, was significantly increased in HPV+ cancers. In RCC and gliobastoma, LAG-3 was more strongly associated with CD8A expression than PD-L1. These results may have implications on the design of future clinical trials of LAG-3 blockade. Citation Format: Shridar Ganesan, Anshuman Panda, Gyan Bhanot. Pan-cancer analysis to identify which cancers may benefit most from LAG-3 blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B076.
Tungsten-Ligand Bond Strengths for 2p Elements Including σ- and π-Bond Strength Components, A Density Functional Theory and ab Initio Study.

Three WVI crystal structures with multifarious metal–ligand bond types are used to theoretically predict homolytic metal–element bond enthalpies with 11 popular DFT functionals, MP2 wave function m...
The Influence of Media Portrayals of Immigration and Refugees on Consumer Attitudes: A Experimental Design

The current study examined media portrayals of immigrants and refugees and participants attitudes regarding immigrants, immigration policy, and Islamophobia using an experimental design. Participan...
Effects of Airflow Profile and Condensation Pressure on Performance of Air-Cooled Condensers

The effect of airflow profile and condensation pressure on the performance of air-cooled condensers is investigated experimentally. Two large, flattened-tube air-cooled steam condensers are studied...
Computational study of clot formation in aneurysms treated with shape memory polymer foam

To prevent aneurysmal rupture, intracranial aneurysms are often treated with endovascular metal coils that fill the aneurysm sac and stimulate thrombus formation, thereby isolating the aneurysm from the arterial flow. Despite its widespread use, this method can result in suboptimal outcomes leading to aneurysm recurrence. Recently, shape memory polymer foam has been proposed as an alternative aneurysm filler. In this work, a computational thrombus model is used to predict the clotting response within idealized 2D aneurysms virtually treated with foam. The results are compared to previously reported clot formation predictions in identical 2D aneurysm geometries filled with simplified endovascular metal coil shapes. Each of the foam-filled aneurysms reached at least 94% thrombus occlusion regardless of foam pore size or orientation, whereas the final thrombus occlusion within the coil-filled aneurysms varied from 80.8 to 92.2% with many of the cases leaving large areas in the aneurysm neck unfilled. Based on the simulations presented here, shape memory polymer foams may be able to produce more predictable, uniform, and complete clotting results than bare metal coils, independent of foam geometry or orientation.
Applied Research Can Enhance Hydraulic Engineering Education

AbstractApplied research projects can enhance student education in hydraulic engineering. This contention considers three lines of argument associated with societal context: historical necessity, e...
A Study of the Heat Spreading Capabilities of Mass Via Arrays

This paper analyzes the heat spreading capabilities of conventional Mass Via Arrays (MVA). Modelling and simulation are performed for MVAs and are compared to equivalent measurements for Thermal Via Arrays (TVA). Based on this analysis we determine that an MVA with many interspersed heat spreaders provides superior heat spreading when compared to regular TVAs.
Access control approaches for smart cities

As the world population grows along with increase in urbanization, cities are getting more and more populated and increasing demands on various natural and man-made resources. Making cities smart through the appropriate application of the plethora of innovative new technologies and paradigms would help mollify potential environmental problems/constraints in such cities. Besides their significance in solving environmental problems, smart cities also aim to improve citizen's quality of life and efficiency of public services by optimizing the costs and resources involved. Smart city applications are founded on various enabling technologies and processes related to communication and networking, real-time control and big data analytics, to name a few. These constituents of a smart city infrastructure need to be integrated appropriately and seamlessly for provisioning efficient services to citizens. Each enabling technology has its own unique properties. The interplay and interaction among smart city constituents and their unique properties raise unique security and privacy challenges. In this chapter, we overview enabling and emerging technologies and security and privacy challenges for smart cities. Ensuring authorized accesses to these constituents is critical for ensuring the security of smart cities. We present existing solutions to these challenges mainly from the perspective of access control (AC) with a special focus on risk management, trust, insider threats and secure interoperation. Finally, we present future research directions.
Providing Time to Transfer: Longer Lifetimes Lead to Improved Energy Transfer in Films of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

The performance of photovoltaic devices made using semiconducting carbon nanotubes is limited by the transverse exciton diffusion length, which is ultimately set by intertube energy transfer. In this paper, we study whether extending the exciton lifetime improves energy transfer, by allowing more time for exciton transfer between carbon nanotubes, and thereby device performance. To do so, we prepare nanotubes by either shear-force mixing or ultrasonication, leading to different lengths and defect densities. We create thin films that mix (6,5) and (7,5) nanotubes and quantify the relative amounts of energy transfer in them using two-dimensional white-light (2DWL) spectroscopy and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. Cross-peaks appearing in 2DWL spectra and quenching of the (6,5) PLE signal upon mixing both quantify energy transfer from (6,5) to (7,5). In both spectroscopies, energy transfer between shear-force mixed tubes is ∼20% more efficient. The cross-peaks in 2DWL spectra grow in at the same rate regardless of the processing method with the all shear-force mixed sample ultimately reaching a larger cross-peak amplitude. Shear-force mixing methods instead of sonication have improved external quantum efficiency in carbon nanotube devices by 30%. The spectroscopic results observed here link energy transfer to exciton diffusion and correlate to device performance.
Heparan sulfate synthesized by Ext1 regulates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and promotes resistance to EGFR inhibitors in GBM.

Signaling from multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) contributes to therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Heparan sulfate (HS), present on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, regulates cell signaling via several mechanisms. To investigate the role for HS in promoting RTK signaling in GBM, we generated neural progenitor cells deficient for HS by knockout of the essential HS-biosynthetic enzyme Ext1, and studied tumor initiation and progression. HS-null cells had decreased proliferation, invasion, and reduced activation of multiple RTKs compared with control. In vivo tumor establishment was significantly decreased, and rate of tumor growth reduced with HS-deficient cells implanted in an HS-poor microenvironment. To investigate if HS regulates RTK activation through platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling, we removed cell surface HS in patient-derived GBM lines and identified reduced cell surface PDGF-BB ligand. Reduced ligand levels were associated with decreased phosphorylation of PDGFRα, suggesting HS promotes ligand-receptor interaction. Using human GBM tumorspheres and a murine GBM model, we show that ligand-mediated signaling can partially rescue cells from targeted RTK inhibition and that this effect is regulated by HS. Indeed, tumor cells deficient for HS had increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition in vitro and in vivo. IMPLICATIONS: Our study shows that HS expressed on tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment regulates ligand-mediated signaling, promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and these factors contribute to decreased tumor cell response to targeted RTK inhibition.
Natural history of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers in aortic branch vessels.

Abstract Objective Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAUs) in aortic branch vessels are rare. There is a paucity of data regarding their long-term natural history and associated management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and natural history of aortic branch PAUs. Methods Institutional data on all patients with an aortic branch PAU from 2005 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Branch PAUs were defined as any PAU in the iliac, mesenteric, or arch vessels. End points included symptoms, end-organ events, and interventions. All computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) for each patient were reviewed, and total diameter, ulcer width, and ulcer depth were recorded on each computed tomography scan for the branch PAUs. Rate of change was compared between groups (iliac vs arch and visceral vessels) using a linear mixed-effects model. Results Among 58,800 patients who underwent a CTA, 367 patients had an aortic PAU (prevalence: 0.6%) and 58 patients had a branch PAU (prevalence: 0.1%). Among those 58 patients, there were 66 ulcerated branches. There were 50 iliac (42 common iliac, 7 internal, and 1 external), 11 arch (8 left subclavian, 3 innominate), and 5 visceral ulcers (3 superior mesenteric artery, 1 celiac, and 1 renal). Mean age was 74.0 ± 8.8 years, and 86% of patients were male; 74% had hypertension, 79% had hyperlipidemia, and 59% had a concomitant aortic aneurysm. There were 45 PAU vessels with >1 CTA (total of 167 CTAs) with a median follow-up of 4.0 years (interquartile range: 2.0-6.2 years). Total vessel diameter increased in size by 0.27 mm/y but did not differ between groups (iliac vs visceral/arch vessels). PAU width and depth also did not significantly change over time, nor did it differ between groups. No branch PAUs caused symptoms, end-organ events, or rupture, nor required intervention due to symptoms and/or progression. Four PAUs spontaneously resolved (2 iliac, 2 other), and 1 iliac PAU progressed to a saccular aneurysm. Conclusions This is one of the largest studies evaluating the natural history of branched PAUs objectively via CTA. Branch PAUs are rare—the prevalence was one-sixth that of aortic PAUs. There was minimal growth noted in a median follow-up of 4 years, and no PAUs required intervention for symptoms or progression. Asymptomatic branch PAUs may be safely observed.
The Need for Patient-centered Education Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With a Pituitary Tumor.

Objectives Brain tumors, including pituitary adenomas (PA), cause anxiety and distress, with a high unmet need for information correlating with increased anxiety. Condition-specific education may alleviate anxiety. We explored patients' experience around the diagnosis of a PA and piloted a patient education intervention to address peridiagnostic anxiety in adults diagnosed with PA. Methods Anxiety, patient satisfaction, patient knowledge, and need for information were measured prior to, immediately after, and 1 month following the appointment in this multimethods study. A phone interview to explore patient diagnostic and intervention experiences was analyzed using qualitative methods. Results A total of 17 patients participated in the study; 15 completed the interview. The baseline need for information was high. Disease-specific anxiety decreased, and patient knowledge and satisfaction increased significantly after the initial visit. Interview analysis identified 3 main themes: (1) the importance of communication; (2) the need for information; and (3) the impact of the diagnosis on patient experience. Conclusions For patients with newly diagnosed PA, the diagnostic experience was associated with high levels of anxiety. Patients expressed a need for information. Information delivery reduced anxiety and had a positive impact on patient satisfaction. Practice implications The study findings suggest a need for a streamlined diagnostic process with readily accessible information.
Performing Horizontal Activism: Expanding Academic Labor Advocacy Throughout and Beyond a Three-Step Process

Article for LiCS special issue The New Activism: Composition, Literacy Studies, and Politics.
Research to Practice Issues.

Educators frequently lament the limited effect research has on educational practices. Special educators often are frustrated by the observation that there appears to be a haphazard or inverse relat...
Properties of LiAlCl4 ‐ SOCl2 Solutions for Li / SOCl2 Battery

Conductance and viscosity of solutions covering a wide range of concentration (10−4–2.0M) have been measured at 25°C and for concentrated solutions these measurements have been made at several temperatures. Parameters characteristic of ion‐ion and ion‐solvent interactions and the energy of activation for conductance and for viscous flow have been obtained. Cyclic voltammograms of solutions at several concentrations have been obtained and the effect of the additives, such as , ,, and on the reduction behavior of has been studied as some of these are reduction products of . The implications of these studies on the performance and safety of the lithium‐thionyl chloride battery are discussed.
Data Analysis as a Noise Diagnostic: Looking for Transients in Interferometers

In addition to the ultimate goal of detecting and analyzing source waveforms, data analysis provides a framework for identifying important noise sources. Only by developing and implementing data analysis programs designed to search for expected astrophysical sources will we uncover all relevant instrumental noise sources and have a true picture of an antenna’s performance. In particular, the characterization of an interferometric antenna solely by its noise spectrum hides the possible existence of weak and infrequent noise transients. A search for such transients using simple matched filter templates was carried out with the MIT prototype. An analysis of 1.7 hours of data (250 Mbytes) showed an agreement with Gaussian statistics out to an amplitude signal-to-noise ratio of 5.5. Above this signal-to-noise level, transients identified with electrical feed through in our data taking system were recorded at a rate of ≃70 per hour, and transients of unidentified origin and various natures occurred at a rate of ≃22 per hour.
How do Social Movements Decide to Move? Polyamorous Relationships and Legal Mobilization

Many social movements mobilize for legal rights, though there is controversy about the motivation for doing so. The recent debate about same-sex marriages raises the question whether attaining public legal status for private relationships is important for instrumental, political or cultural-symbolic reasons. This project addresses this question from the perspective of a social movement which has not, so far, sought legal status - the polyamorous community. Polyamory is a nontraditional lifestyle involving relationships between more than two partners. Focusing on interviews with salient and active members of the polyamorous community in the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as on polyamorous publications and online activity, the study (still a work in progress) examines why there have been no large-scale efforts to attain a public legal status for the private choice to lead a polyamorous relationship or build a polyamorous family, and explores the conditions under which mobilization would be initiated.