cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia potentiates oncolytic herpes viral killing of pancreatic cancer through a heat shock protein pathway.

Background Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is designed to specifically infect, replicate in, and lyse cancer cells. This study investigates a novel therapeutic regimen, combining the effects of NV1066 (a recombinant HSV-1) and hyperthermia in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods NV1066 is an attenuated HSV-1 that replicates in cells resistant to apoptosis. Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) is a member of a family of proteins that is upregulated after hyperthermic insult, lending cellular protection by inhibiting apoptosis. In these experiments, we test the hypothesis that increased Hsp72 expression in response to hyperthermia enhances anti-apoptotic mechanisms, thereby increasing viral replication and tumor cell kill. Hs 700T pancreatic cancer cells were treated with hyperthermia alone (42°C), NV1066 alone, and combination therapy. Cell survival and viral growth were measured. The effect of siRNA-directed Hsp72 knockdown was also measured. Results Combining hyperthermia and viral treatment produced a synergistic effect on cell kill. Viral growth increased greater than 6-fold in the presence of hyperthermia (P Conclusion Hyperthermia enhances NV1066 replication, thereby potentiating the viral oncolytic response against pancreatic cancer cells. This finding has potential clinical application in the use of heated perfusion or permissive hyperthermia for delivery of oncolytic viral therapies.
Vision and Cortical Map Development

Functional maps arise in developing visual cortex as response selectivities become organized into columnar patterns of population activity. Recent studies of developing orientation and direction maps indicate that both are sensitive to visual experience, but not to the same degree or duration. Direction maps have a greater dependence on early vision, while orientation maps remain sensitive to experience for a longer period of cortical maturation. There is also a darker side to experience: abnormal vision through closed lids produces severe impairments in neuronal selectivity, rendering these maps nearly undetectable. Thus, the rules that govern their formation and the construction of the underlying neural circuits are modulated—for better or worse—by early vision. Direction maps, and possibly maps of other properties that are dependent upon precise conjunctions of spatial and temporal signals, are most susceptible to the potential benefits and maladaptive consequences of early sensory experience.
Color edge detection with the compass operator

The compass operator detects step edges without assuming that the regions on either side have constant color. Using distributions of pixel colors rather than the mean, the operator finds the orientation of a diameter that maximizes the difference between two halves of a circular window. Junctions can also be detected by exploiting their lack of bilateral symmetry. This approach is superior to a multi-dimensional gradient method in situations that often result in false negatives, and it localizes edges better as scale increases.
Minimizing Pain Associated with Prekindergarten Intramuscular Injections

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two separate nursing interventions on the amount of pain experienced by prekindergarten children with a routine DPT immunization. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used in the study to test the two nursing interventions. One half the children had the skin coolant Frigiderm sprayed on the injection site immediately prior to the injection while the other half had aerosol air sprayed on their leg immediately prior to the injection. The second intervention attempted to alter the processing and interpretation of the injection pain by giving cognitive information. The sample consisted of 20 male and 20 female children between the ages of 4 years 9 months and 5 years 9 months. The mean amount of pain expressed by the children who received Frigiderm was 1.85, and the mean amount of pain for the aerosol air was 2.55. The mean amount of pain expressed when cognitive information was given was 2.10 compared to the no cognitive information group mean of 2.30. Alth...
Structure and Capsid Association of the Herpesvirus Large Tegument Protein UL36

The tegument of all herpesviruses contains a high-molecular-weight protein homologous to herpes simplex virus (HSV) UL36. This large (3,164 amino acids), essential, and multifunctional polypeptide is located on the capsid surface and present at 100 to 150 copies per virion. We have been testing the idea that UL36 is important for the structural organization of the tegument. UL36 is proposed to bind directly to the capsid with other tegument proteins bound indirectly by way of UL36. Here we report the results of studies carried out with HSV type 1-derived structures containing the capsid but lacking a membrane and depleted of all tegument proteins except UL36 and a second high-molecular-weight protein, UL37. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that, compared to capsids lacking a tegument, these capsids (called T36 capsids) had tufts of protein located at the vertices. Projecting from the tufts were thin, variably curved strands with lengths (15 to 70 nm) in some cases sufficient to extend across the entire thickness of the tegument (∼50 nm). Strands were sensitive to removal from the capsid by brief sonication, which also removed UL36 and UL37. The findings are interpreted to indicate that UL36 and UL37 are the components of the tufts and of the thin strands that extend from them. The strand lengths support the view that they could serve as organizing features for the tegument, as they have the potential to reach all parts of the tegument. The variably curved structure of the strands suggests they may be flexible, a property that could contribute to the deformable nature of the tegument.
Interrelationships of quality of life, compliance, clinical outcomes and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study on hypertensive geriatrics.

SUMMARY Objective: (i) To assess quality of life (QoL) profiles in hypertensive geriatrics with SF-36; (ii) to assess the compliance of geriatrics to medications; (iii) to estimate clinical outcomes (reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure); (iv) to assess life satisfaction and (v) to explore the interrelationships of QoL, compliance, clinical outcomes and life satisfaction in hypertensive geriatrics. Method: Fifty-nine hypertensive geriatric patients in cardiology and 65 Plus clinics in West Virginia Hospitals were studied. Results: Age showed a significant negative correlation with physical functioning (r= 0.339, P≤0.0127) and physical role (r= 0.335, P≤ 0.0148). The physical role facet of SF-36 is correlated with life satisfaction in geriatrics (r=0.316, P≤0.0219). A regression analysis (backward stepwise) not including bodily pain (BP) and general health (GH) resulted in a model explaining 22-3% of variance (n= 54, F= 2.252, P≤0.0543). Physical role (P≤0.0084) and mental health facets (P≤0.0184) of SF-36 emerged as the predictors of life satisfaction in elderly hypertensive patients. Emotional role functioning (P≤0.0257) and social functioning (P≤0.0033) scores predicted levels of diastolic blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients. However, all eight concepts of SF-36 failed to predict compliance behaviour in geriatrics (n= 53, P≤0.6913, R2= 0.110). Results of the study were partly presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the International Society for Quality Of Life Research (ISOQOL), 14–17 October 1995, Montreal, Canada.
MATURATION OF NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION IN THE INFANT

SUMMARY Twitch tension, train-of-four and tetanus—clinical parameters of neuromuscular transmission— were studied in 37 infants and children anaesthetized with halothane. The contraction time was slower in infants less than 1 month old when compared with their elder counterparts. This may indicate a possible transformation from slow to faster muscle types. The train-of-four reached 100% in most of the infants older than 2 months. The post-tetanic facilitation and the tetanus twitch ratios were significantly greater in infants older than 2 months when compared with infants less than 1 month. Post-tetamc exhaustion was seen in all the infants and children after stimulation at 100 Hz. Tetanus : twitch ratios were greater in infants more than 2 months old and in children, and the tetanic force was more marked at 50 Hz than at 20 Hz. The data indicate that maturation of neuromuscular transmission occurs in infants in and around the first 2 months of age.
Distinguishing Causal Seeds from Inflation

Causal seed models, such as cosmological defects, generically predict a distinctly different structure to the CMB power spectrum than inflation, due to the behavior of the perturbations outside the horizon. We provide a general analysis of their causal generation from isocurvature initial conditions by analyzing the role of stress perturbations and conservation laws in the causal evolution. Causal stress perturbations tend to generate an isocurvature pattern of peak heights in the CMB spectrum and shift the first compression, i.e.~main peak, to smaller angular scales than in the inflationary case, unless the pressure and anisotropic stress fluctuations balance in such a way as to reverse the sense of gravitational interactions while also maintaining constant gravitational potentials. Aside from this case, these causal seed models can be cleanly distinguished from inflation by CMB experiments currently underway.
An angle-domain imaging condition for elastic reverse time migration and its application to angle gather extraction

ABSTRACTAn angle-domain imaging condition is recommended for multicomponent elastic reverse time migration. The local slant stack method is used to separate source and receiver waves into P- and S-waves and simultaneously decompose them into local plane waves along different propagation directions. We calculated the angle-domain partial images by crosscorrelating every possible combination of the incident and scattered plane P- and S-waves and then organized them into P-P and P-S local image matrices. Local image matrix preserves all the angle information related to the seismic events. Thus, by working in the image matrix, it is convenient to perform different angle-domain operations (e.g., filtering artifacts, correcting polarity, or conducting illumination and acquisition aperture compensations). Because local image matrix is localized in space, these operations can be designed to be highly flexible, e.g., target-oriented, dip-angle-dependent or reflection-angle-dependent. After performing angle-domain ...
Heat transfer aspects of electric heating

THIS PAPER is a discussion of the principles of steady-state heat transfer as they apply to the field of electric heating and, as such, no solutions are derived, but rather the governing differential equations are presented and references containing the solutions for various boundary conditions are cited. In most of the references given, the work was concerned with the temperature distribution in electric coils or other electric apparatus wherein the generation of heat was an unwanted phenomenon and not as is considered here, the prime function of the device. However, since these are the solutions to basic differential equations, they are directly applicable to any other body for which the basic equation and the boundary conditions hold.
Wrinkling and head shape as coordinated sources of age-level information

Changes in the shape of a human head and the development of facial wrinkles were examined as potential sources of information about age level. In Experiment 1, subjects estimated the ages of faces that had been produced by systematically manipulating characteristic head shapes and levels of wrinkles associated with ages 15, 30, 50, and 70 years. The results indicated that observers used both sources of craniofacial change in making age estimates; but the effect of either source of change on perceived age depended upon the level of the other source of change. In Experiment 2, subjects’ ratings of the apparent conflict between levels of head shape and wrinkles further substantiated the conclusion that observers are sensitive to the coordination of products of the two sources of change. These findings suggest that the information specifying perceived age level is a complexrelationship among different types of craniofacial change.
Sibling stem cell donor experiences at a single institution

Allogeneic bone marrow (BM) and cytokine mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation can be curative for patients with malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Siblings are most often selected as a donor match; however, research on sibling donors is limited and has focused primarily on conventional BM donors. This exploratory study describes the experiences of PBSC sibling donors at a single institution. Through retrospective interviews, 14 sibling donors shared their perceived needs and concerns before and after their stem cell collection. Donors identified fears about the donation procedure, and expressed the need for more information about transplant outcome and complications. The inclusion of the sibling donors themselves, rather than the report of their parents or health-care providers and the qualitative nature of the structured design allowed sibling donors to describe their concerns and thoughts without being restrained by the beliefs of the participant’s parents, researcher or sibling’s medical team. Suggestions for visual educational tools, psychosocial interventions and future research are provided.
Ventricular arrhythmias: control of therapy by Holter monitoring

Ventricular arrhythmias can be classified into categories based on the risk of sudden death associated with them. Patients with benign ventricular arrhythmias are those with minimal or no heart disease and normal ventricular function. Arrhythmias encountered in this group include ventricular premature complexes and unsustained ventricular tachycardia. In patients with prognostically significant ventricular arrhythmia, the arrhythmias are the same, namely, ventricular premature complexes and/or unsustained ventricular tachycardia. This group differs, however, in that the patients have organic heart disease and the risk of the arrhythmia increases as left ventricular function decreases. Patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmia, sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation have the highest risk of sudden death. While no conclusive studies are available, some studies do suggest that the suppression of ambient ventricular arrhythmia as documented by Holter monitoring (and possibly exercise testing) identifies antiarrhythmic regimens which are effective in preventing sudden death. Variability in the frequency of ambient ventricular ectopy must be considered in assessing both efficacy and toxicity of antiarrhythmic regimens. Holter monitoring may also be useful in assessing the substrate of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and autonomic tone.
Verification tool for systolic array design

The axiomatization of STA (systolic temporal arithmetic) defines rules for the systolic array in the language of the predicate calculus. The STA formalism is briefly reviewed and an automated verifier is constructed using Prolog. The verification tool is developed to produce a sound and efficient verification process and to provide short-cuts to justify systolic array designs. The STA specifications and the corresponding Prolog programs can be written using an almost identical notation. >
Sign Language Recognition and Translation: A Multidisciplined Approach From the Field of Artificial Intelligence

In recent years, research has progressed steadily in regard to the use of computers to recognize and render sign language. This paper reviews significant projects in the field beginning with finger-spelling hands such as "Ralph" (robotics), CyberGloves (virtual reality sensors to capture isolated and continuous signs), camera-based projects such as the CopyCat interactive American Sign Language game (computer vision), and sign recognition software (Hidden Markov Modeling and neural network systems). Avatars such as "Tessa" (Text and Sign Support Assistant; three-dimensional imaging) and spoken language to sign language translation systems such as Poland's project entitled "THETOS" (Text into Sign Language Automatic Translator, which operates in Polish; natural language processing) are addressed. The application of this research to education is also explored. The "ICICLE" (Interactive Computer Identification and Correction of Language Errors) project, for example, uses intelligent computer-aided instruction to build a tutorial system for deaf or hard-of-hearing children that analyzes their English writing and makes tailored lessons and recommendations. Finally, the article considers synthesized sign, which is being added to educational material and has the potential to be developed by students themselves.
Status of a digital life and learning program

Winona State University in 1997 launched its laptop program, providing every student with a laptop computer to enhance his/her studies. Now, in 2009, laptop programs are no longer novelties; they are commonplace with more than 150 programs in higher education institutions across the country.[1] Winona State is a very different institution because of the program. The program has been woven into the fabric of the institution. Unlike at other institutions within the Minnesota State College and University (MnSCU) system, there are no traditional computer labs on the Winona campus. These specialized rooms for working with technology have given way to anytime, anywhere learning. Any room on campus can be turned into a learning space that provides students and faculty with the world's information resources at hand. Innovative pedagogies are in practice on campus with current action research projects looking at e-books and enhanced communications with students. Winona State's experiment with e-books is possible because of the universal laptop program.Winona State's new buildings on campus (i.e., science building, library, Maxwell renovation) were designed around a mobile computing environment. All the building spaces and equipment, including science labs, require that students have laptop computers. This mobile computing environment has allowed Winona State to create more efficient teaching and learning spaces even to connect high-tech science equipment. The design of the new Wellness Center also incorporates the realities of mobile computing.Since 1997, the program has become more than just a "laptop program." The name no longer describes its holistic impact on the academic programming of Winona State. With the blessing of the Winona State Student Association, the name of the laptop program was changed in January 2009 to the e-Warrior: Digital Life and Learning Program.After 10 years, Winona State is still gaining experience with its Digital Life and Learning Program. The program continues to evolve as more faculty and students familiarize themselves with the changing needs of students, and Winona State will continue to learn more about the role of the program's impact on its students' educational opportunities for years to come. As Winona State continues to evolve, the program at its core will always be about enhancing student success. This paper will focus on lessons learned over at Winona State University at its Digital Life and Learning Program.
Convective flow and heat transfer in a channel containing multiple heated obstacles

The present work. details the numerical simulation of forced convective, incompressible flow in a channel with an array of heated obstacles attached to one wall. Three levels of Nusselt numbers are emphasized in this systematic analysis: local distributions along the obstacle exposed faces, mean values for individual faces, and overall obstacle mean values. This study details the effects of variations in the obstacle height, width, spacing, and number, along with the obstacle thermal conductivity, fluid flow rate, and heating method, to illustrate important fundamental and practical results. The periodicity of the mean Nusselt number is established, relative to the ninth obstacle, at the 5% and 10% difference levels (eighth and seventh obstacles, respectively). The periodic behavior of the velocity components and temperature distributions are also explicitly demonstrated for the array. Extensive presentation and evaluation of the mean Nusselt numbers for all obstacles within the array is fully documented. The results pave the way for different applications involving multiple heated obstacles. 0 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Therapeutic Alliance: A Review of Sampling Strategies Reported in Marital and Family Therapy Studies:

Therapeutic alliance is considered important for successful counseling. Alliances between a therapist and couples or family members become complicated because of multiple interactions. This literature review examines sample size, participant assignment, and generalizability in 19 marital and family therapy studies on therapeutic alliance published 1989 through 2003. Eleven studies had inadequate sample sizes. Most of the assignment strategies include convenience and purposive samples conducted with YAVIS (young, adult, verbal, intelligent, stable) populations. Studies lacked diversity in participant demographics and treatment sources. None of the studies factor how therapist experience and therapeutic setting affect therapeutic alliances. These studies do support therapeutic alliance as an integral part of marital and family counseling, theory, and assessment.
High Power Performance of Manganese‐Doped BNT‐Based Pb‐Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Electromechanical properties and high power characteristics of Pb-free hard piezoelectric ceramics in the (BiNa0.88K0.08Li0.04)0.5 (Ti1−xMnx)O3 (x = 0, 0.014, 0.015, and 0.016) system were studied. Mn doping resulted in a considerable enhancement of mechanical quality factor Qm and vibration velocity. The lowest mechanical and dielectric losses were achieved in 1.5 mol% Mn-doped ceramics with a planar Qm of about 970 and tanδ of 0.89%. The heat dissipation and resonance frequency shift under high drive condition were remarkably suppressed upon Mn doping. The maximum vibration velocity was increased from 0.28 m/s in undoped ceramic to 0.6 m/s in 1.5 mol% Mn-doped composition. The results of this study revealed that Mn-doped BNT-based piezoelectrics exhibited a superior high power performance compared to their lead-based counterparts such as PZT4 and PZT8 ceramics.
Building the Assessment Librarian Guildhall: Criteria and Skills for Quality Assessment

Keeping up on the “latest and greatest” in library assessment isn't easy. Basic strategies for being in-the-know include scanning the professional literature or attending conferences. Professional journals like the Journal of Academic Librarianship, College & Research Libraries, and portal: Libraries and the Academy are great venues for library assessment publications, and the Library Assessment Conference (LAC) is arguably the best professional meeting for learning about current assessment projects taking place in academic libraries nationwide. A few months ago, as an attendee at my fourth LAC, I was excited to note the increase in attendance at this conference, both in the variety of librarian roles represented and in the total number of participants. This growth indicates that a community of “assessment librarians” (or librarians who engage in assessment) is fast developing in academic libraries.
An Arts, Sciences and Engineering Education and Research Initiative for Experiential Media

This paper presents a novel interdisciplinary approach for the training of media scientists and engineers. The approach is being implemented at the Arts, Media and Engineering program at Arizona State University. Our graduates will produce new paradigms for the integration of computation and media in the physical human experience. Their work will result in hybrid physical-digital environments that address significant challenges in key areas of the human condition. The training model has the following characteristics: it is driven by research problems rather than by disciplines; it is based on an extensive interdisciplinary network; it is organized under the dimensions of research and application and promotes work at their intersection; it provides multiple paths for combining different types of disciplinary training with interdisciplinary training; it also provides a transdisciplinary training path. This paper presents the reasoning and implementation structures of these key facets, discusses our evaluation approach and presents preliminary results.
Plant development: new models and approaches bring progress

In August 2006, plant biologists gathered at the FASEB `Mechanisms in Plant Development9 meeting in Vermont, which was organized by Laurie Smith and Ueli Grossniklaus. A variety of plant developmental mechanisms were presented at this meeting and, although many talks focused on Arabidopsis thaliana as a primary model in which to study plant development, research in maize, tomato , Chlamydomonas and other plants also provided insight into various topics, such as cell-type specification, small RNA biosynthesis and action, hormone perception and transport, and cell and organ size.
Parallel Speculative Computation of Simulated Annealing

Simulated annealing is known to be highly sequential due to loop-carried dependencies. This report presents a new approach to parallel simulated annealing, called generalized speculative computation (GSC). We use an n-ary speculative tree and loop indices to execute n iterations in parallel on n processors while maintaining the same decision sequence as sequential simulated annealing. To verify the performance of GSC, we implement 100- to 500-city Traveling Salesman Problems on the AP1000 massively parallel multiprocessor. Execution results demonstrate that the GSC approach can indeed be an effective method for simulated annealing. We obtain over 20-fold speedup for the initial temperature of 0.1 and 11-fold speedup for the initial temperature of 10, all on 100 processors.
‘Non-destructive’ biocomputing security system based on gas-controlled biofuel cell and potentially used for intelligent medical diagnostics

Motivation: Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymes and microbes are the promising future alternative sources of sustainable electrical energy under mild conditions (i.e. ambient temperature and neutral pH). By combining the adaptive behavior of BFCs self-regulating energy release with the versatility of biocomputing, we construct a novel gas-controlled biocomputing security system, which could be used as the potential implantable self-powered and ‘smart’ medical system with the logic diagnosis aim. Results: We have demonstrated a biocomputing security system based on BFCs. Due to the unique ‘RESET’ reagent of N2 applied in this work, the prepared biocomputing security system can be reset and cycled for a large number of times with no ‘RESET’ reagent-based ‘waste’. This would be advantageous for the potential practical applications of such keypad lock as well as the development of biocomputing security devices. In order to validate the universality of the system and also to harvest energy directly from biofuels with enhanced power output, we replace the glucose with orange juice as the biofuel to operate BFCs-based biocomputing system, which also possesses the function of keypad lock. In addition, by introducing BFCs into the biocomputing security system, the adaptive behavior of the BFCs self-regulating the power release would be an immense advantage of such security keypad lock devices in potential self-powered implantable medical systems. The designed sequence gives the maximum power output and discriminate itself from the rest of the sequences. From this, we find that maximizing the dimensionless ratio of gap versus SD of the power output spectrum (a funnel in power outputs) gives the quantitative optimal design criterion. Therefore, our construction here may also provide a practical example and microscopic structural basis for mimicking the real biological network systems and bridge the gaps between the theoretical concepts and experiments important for biomolecular systems and synthetic biology. Contact:dongsj@ciac.jl.cn; jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contribution of various food groups to dietary vitamin B-6 intake in free-living, low-income elderly persons.

Elderly persons are reported to have low dietary intakes of vitamin B-6. Knowing which foods are the primary contributors of dietary vitamin B-6 may be useful to health professionals working to improve the nutritional status of the elderly. Therefore, we examined the contribution of five food groups—flesh foods (including all meat/fish/poultry), grains/cereals, legumes/nuts, fruits/vegetables, and dairy products/eggs—to dietary vitamin B-6 intake in 198 free-living elderly persons aged 60 years or older. Subjects were primarily Caucasian, low-income non-smokers; their mean age was 72 years. Mean dietary vitamin B-6 intake, determined from 3-day diet records, was 1.6 ±0.6 mg/day. The fruit/vegetable group was the largest dietary contributor of vitamin B-6 (0.69 mg/day). Flesh foods and cereals/grains contributed equally to the vitamin B-6 intake (0.35 and 0.34 mg/day, respectively). The lowest contributors were dairy products/ eggs and legumes/nuts. Approximately 96% of the vitamin B-6 intake could be accounted for by the five food groups. Twenty percent of the population (no. = 39) consumed
Regional variations in pediatric medication exposure: Spatial analysis of poison center utilization in western Pennsylvania

AbstractContext Medication drug exposures among young children continue to rise despite current poison prevention efforts. These exposures result in increased healthcare utilization and medical costs. New tactics are needed to reduce injuries related to pediatric drug exposures. Objective We aimed to identify cluster patterns in: (1) calls for pediatric medication drug exposures and (2) a subset of calls that resulted in medical evaluation referrals. We identified and evaluated population characteristics associated with cluster patterns. Methods We analyzed 26 685 pharmaceutical drug exposures involving children <5 years of age based on calls reported to the Pittsburgh Poison Center from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. We performed spatial statistics to assess for clustering. We used logistic regression to estimate population characteristics associated with clustering. Results Spatial analysis identified 22 exposure clusters and five referral clusters. Sixty-five percent of 89 ZIP codes in the cluster...
Wavelet-based motion artifact removal for electrodermal activity

Electrodermal activity (EDA) recording is a powerful, widely used tool for monitoring psychological or physiological arousal. However, analysis of EDA is hampered by its sensitivity to motion artifacts. We propose a method for removing motion artifacts from EDA, measured as skin conductance (SC), using a stationary wavelet transform (SWT). We modeled the wavelet coefficients as a Gaussian mixture distribution corresponding to the underlying skin conductance level (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCRs). The goodness-of-fit of the model was validated on ambulatory SC data. We evaluated the proposed method in comparison with three previous approaches. Our method achieved a greater reduction of artifacts while retaining motion-artifact-free data.
Isolation of the Organism Causing Yeast-Spot Disease from the Salivary System of the Green Stink Bug

The organism that causes yeast-spot disease, was isolated from within the body of Acrosternum hilare (Say). The plant pathogen was found throughout the salivary system (stylets, salivary pump, and receptacles) and alimentary canal; it was more frequent in the stylets and salivary receptacles. The discovery of the organism within the salivary system of A. hilare indicated a far more intimate association between the insect and the disease organism than the incidental relationship that was presumed previously.
The Relationship of Molted Primaries of Commercial Layers to First Egg After Molt

The number of primary feathers molted was observed when hens were force molted in two separate experiments. The number of days required for the hens to return to production was directly related (r = .98, Experiment 2) to the number of primary feathers molted.
Rethinking Airspace Definitions for Small UAS

Conceptually, small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) can fly in places where no manned aircraft flies, or would want to fly. Examples include very close to the sides of buildings, under bridges, below tree cover, and near power cables. Today, the FAA regulates all navigable airspace, which extends to the ground. Our research speculates that small UAS might make use of airspace that would not be considered navigable by manned aircraft due to the proximity of obstacles. The risk of small UAS flight is defined and discussed, and an initial set of operational scenarios are described that illustrate the potential mitigations that might be considered. The research is intended to be a thought piece that provides a perspective on the viability of small UAS flight in non-navigable airspace (i.e., new flight regimes).
Current Status of the Construction of IT Application in Agriculture in the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and Countermeasures Analysis

This paper has introduced the current status of the construction of IT application in agriculture in the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,analyzed the existing problems,and puts forward countermeasures in the construction of IT application in agriculture in the Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences.
Injury patterns and risk factors for orthopaedic trauma from snowboarding and skiing: a national perspective.

Alpine skiing and snowboarding are both popular winter sports that can be associated with significant orthopaedic injuries. However, there is a lack of nationally representative injury data for the two sports. The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for patients presenting to emergency departments due to injuries sustained from skiing and snowboarding during 2011 and 2012. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury patterns were tabulated and compared between skiing and snowboarding. Risk factors for increased injury severity score and lack of helmet use were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Of the 6055 patients identified, 55.2 % were skiers. Sixty-one percent had fractures. Lower extremity fractures were the most common injury and occurred more often in skiers (p < 0.001). Upper extremity fractures were more common in snowboarders, particularly distal radius fractures (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, increased injury severity was independently associated with age 18–29, 60–69, 70+, male sex, a positive blood test for alcohol, a positive blood test for an illegal substance, and wearing a helmet. Lack of helmet use was associated with age 18–29, 30–39, smoking, a positive drug test for an illegal substance, and snowboarding. Young adults, the elderly, and those using substances were shown to be at greater risk of increased injury severity and lack of helmet use. The results of this study can be used clinically to guide the initial assessment of these individuals following injury, as well as for targeting preventive measures and education. Prognostic Level III.
Treatment of Short Stature and Delayed Adolescence

The authors discuss the indications and methodologies for the use of growth hormone and other drugs in the treatment of short stature caused by growth hormone deficiency, normal variant short stature, and a number of syndromes. The goals and potential risks of the therapies are also outlined. In addition, the treatment of delayed puberty in males with exogenous androgens is discussed.
Spinal Stabilization Exercise Effectiveness for Low Back Pain in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Randomized Trial

Purpose:To compare 8 weeks of weekly supervised spinal stabilization exercises with 1-time treatment in participants with low back pain and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods:Participants were randomly assigned to the supervised or unsupervised group. Seventeen participants in the supervised gr
SU-F-T-678: Clotrimazole Sensitizes MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line to Radiation

Purpose: To study the effects of Clotrimazole (CLT) on radiosensitivity of MCF-7 Cells in correlation to detachment of Hexokinase II from the Voltage Dependent Anion Channel on the outer membrane of the mitochondria. Apoptotic fractions were also analyzed in relation to the detachment of Hexokinase. Methods: This study focused on the mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF-7. Colony forming assays were used to analyze radiosensitization by CLT. Flow cytometry methods were used to analyze apoptotic vs necrotic fractions after treatment with CLT. Spectrophotometery was used to analyze the mitochondrial bound and soluble fraction of Hexokinase by means of relative enzymatic activity. Results: Our preliminary data have shown that CLT sensitizes MCF-7 cells to radiation in a dose and incubation time dependent manner up. We have also demonstrated that there are two radiosensitizing periods in MCF-7 cells with the first corresponding to the cycle arrest after 24 hours observed in other cell lines. The second radiosensitizing period occurs with incubation in CLT after irradiation which reaches maximum effect around 24 hours of incubation time. Preliminary data from our Hexokinase detachment assay show a factor of two increase in the ratio of unbound to bound Hexokinase when comparing incubation for 24 hours in media containing 0 and 20 µM CLT. Conclusion: This study and others indicate CLT as a possible radiosensitizing agent in cancer therapies. While CLT itself shows toxicity to the liver in high doses, this study further demonstrates that disruption of the Warburg Effect and unbinding of mitochondrial bound Hexokinase as a possible pathway for cancer treatment.
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Y3Al5O12)

Publisher Summary Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is a synthetic, nonmagnetic material with the chemical formula Y3A15012. It is a host medium for rare-earth-doped, solid-state lasers, a low-loss material for acoustic devices, and a gemstone. YAG crystals have body-centered cubic crystalline structure with space group Ia3d. The unit cell has a certain edge dimension and contains eight formula units, giving a theoretical density of 4.554 g/cm3. YAG essentially undergoes a phase change at 2193 K. Optical constants of YAG above the electronic band gap are extensively studied using Kramers-Kronig analyses of reflectancespectra. YAG has a direct band gap at 6.5 eV. It is noted that the lowest energy feature in the electronic absorption is excitonic absorption. Optical constants between 15 and 26 eV are mainly because of interband transitions from the oxygen valence bands to conduction bands of yttrium and aluminum. The valence electrons form a plasma oscillation is centered usually at 23.4 eV.
Characterization of murine cell lines from diethylstilbestrol-induced uterine endometrial adenocarcinomas

Neonatal treatment with estrogens is associated with development of uterine adenocarcinomas in CD-1 mice. Treatment with the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) on Days 1 to 5 after birth results in 90% incidence of these hormonedependent lesions in 18-mo.-old mice. Three cell lines were established from these DES-associated tumors. Each of these cell lines exhibited morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of transformed epithelial cells, including an increased nuclear:ytoplasmic ratio, enlarged and irregular nuclei with multiple nucleoli and areas of chromatin condensation, positive staining for cytokeratin, desmosomes, and microvilli. After subcutaneous injection into nude mice, all three cell lines formed solid tumors within 4 wk. Although the primary uterine tumors and tumor transplants in nude mice had been shown to be estrogen-dependent and estrogen-receptor positive, neither the monolayer growth nor the tumorigenicity of any of the three cell lines in this study was enhanced by or dependent on estrogen. Estrogen receptor levels were low in early and intermediate passage cells. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of PCR-amplified cell line DNA revealed no point mutations in the 12th, 13th, or 61st codons of the K-ras or H-ras protooncogenes. Southern analysis revealed no changes in genomic organization of the putative tumor suppressor gene DCC, but demonstrated a three-to four-fold amplification of the c-myc gene in one cell line. Expression of c-myc RNA was concomitantly increased in the same cell line. These three transformed cell lines represent the end point in the process of hormone-associated tumorigenesis and as such should prove useful in investigating the molecular changes and the mechanisms involved in hormonal carcinogenesis.
The Newest Targeted Therapeutics for Thyroid Cancer: Development ofSorafenib and Lenvatinib

Sorafenib was specifically developed using high-throughput screening and structure-activity relationships to target important pathogenic pathways in thyroid cancer. Initially developed to target rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF) kinase, it was also found to inhibit several key receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated significant efficacy in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and following the phase III DECISION trial comparing sorafenib to placebo in DTC, it received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in November 2013 for treatment of advanced, radioactive iodine-refractory DTC. Sorafenib is shown to significantly improve progression free survival (PFS) an average of 10.8 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, 95% CI, 0.45-0.76; P<0.0001), although an overall survival (OS) benefit has yet to be proven. An additional targeted RTK inhibitor, lenvatinib, was recently approved by the FDA in February 2015 for advanced, RAIrefractory DTC following the phase III SELECT trial. While lenvatinib has a higher average PFS of 18.3 months (HR 0.21; 99% CI, 0.14-0.31; P<0.001), as well as higher complete and partial response rates, it too has yet to prove an OS benefit. While there is clear evidence of the clinical benefit for both sorafenib and lenvatinib treatment in advanced RAI refractory patients, it is unclear which may be superior. However, each has a different side effect profile that may help guide initial treatment decisions in an individualized approach. Additionally, because lenvatinib demonstrated a similar increase in PFS for those who were previously treated with RTK inhibitors like sorafenib, lenvatinib is a powerful addition to the treatment of advanced DTC and creates another option for either initial therapy or secondary therapy following disease progression.
Confronting Market Failure: Past Lessons Toward Public Policy Interventions

This chapter provides an overview of both the hindrances facing a public interest agenda and the promises for policy reform. Before examining potential policy interventions for supporting public service media, the author briefly discusses three key conceptual areas that are implicit in today’s policy debates but rarely explicitly addressed: public goods, market failure, and policy failure. Understanding these political economic relationships is the first step toward challenging the corporate libertarian paradigm that constrains what otherwise could be a golden era for progressive media reform. Integrating these ideas into our political discourses, practices, and institutions might help transform our media system into that which our democracy requires.
Helium and thorium isotope constraints on African dust transport to the Bahamas over recent millennia

Abstract Despite its potential linkages with North Atlantic climate, the variability in Saharan dust transport to the western North Atlantic over the past two millennia has not been well-characterized. A factor of 4 increase in dust production in sub-Saharan Africa has been attributed to the onset of Sahelian agriculture 200 yr ago. The regional extent of this anthropogenic dust increase, however, remains uncertain. Additionally, while millennial-scale cold periods of the last deglaciation have been associated with strong increases in North African dust emissions, few adequate records exist to observe dustiness during the Little Ice Age, a century-scale cooling of the North Atlantic (AD 1400–1800). In this study, we develop a new technique for the paired use of 230 Th-normalized 232 Th fluxes and 3 He-normalized 4 He fluxes in Bahamian tidal flat sediments. After justifying the fact that 230 Th and 3 He have had relatively constant sources to tidal flat and banktop waters, and accounting for the smoothing effect of bioturbation, a factor of 4 change in far-field dust transport to the western North Atlantic between the pre-industrial and modern era is not supported by our dust proxies over the past 2000 yr. Furthermore, we speculate why the response of western North Atlantic dust deposition associated with the Little Ice Age climate anomalies may have been modest compared to prior climatic events of the early Holocene or the last deglaciation.
Clinical Practice Guidelines—Is “Regulation” the Answer?

Clinical policies, commonly known as clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), have been around for a very long time. In the past two decades, such guidelines have proliferated both in number and in purpose. Numerous evidence-based guidelines have been developed by international organizations (Cochrane,
Characteristics of American Indian and Alaska native adult caregivers, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2000

Objectives We compared characteristics of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adult caregivers (age > or = 18 years) who were caring for an older adult (age > or = 60 years) to those of other ethnic groups. Methods Participants (N=20,996) were from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Caregivers provided regular care or assistance during the past month to a family member or friend who was > or = 60 years of age. In addition, participants were asked to indicate whom they would call to arrange short- or long-term care in the home for elderly relatives or friends who were no longer able to care for themselves. Results A total of 16.4% of adults were caregivers to a person who was > or = 60. AI/AN were significantly more likely to report being caregivers than were people who were of Asian descent. Compared to AI/AN caregivers, Hispanic caregivers indicated that if a friend or relative needed short- or long-term care, they were more likely to provide care themselves (29.1% vs 46.6%) and that they were less likely to indicate that they would contact a professional resource (14.5% vs 25.2%). Conclusions Family caregivers provide a valuable service in the United States, particularly to chronically ill or disabled older adults. National, state, and local surveys should regularly collect information on caregiving.
3-D Printed Air Substrates for the Design and Fabrication of RF Components

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of radio frequency (RF) and microwave passive structures on an air substrate using additive manufacturing (3-D printing). The air substrate is realized by 3-D printing RF structures in two separate pieces and snapped together face to face using a LEGO-like process. Spacers printed on the periphery provide the desired air substrate thickness. Metal patterning on nonplanar printed plastic structures is carried out using a damascene-like process. Various RF structures such as low dispersion transmission line, T-line resonator, high-gain patch antenna, slot antenna, and cavity resonator are demonstrated using this process. Good performance is achieved; for example, measured 50- $\Omega $ transmission line shows low loss of 0.17 dB/cm at 4 GHz, and a patch antenna (center frequency of 4.5 GHz) shows gain and bandwidth of 7.6 dB and 0.2 GHz, respectively. Details of both measured and simulation results are presented.