cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spall properties of Al 5083 plate fabricated using equi-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and rolling

The spall strength and Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) of aluminum alloy 5083 (Al 5083) are compared for plates fabricated using equi-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and rolling. Al 5083 is a light-weight and strain-hardenable aluminum alloy used for armor plating in military transport vehicles, thus requiring the highest achievable spall strength and HEL. Materials that were processed by ECAP displayed a highly refined grain structure with little texture and a large degree of plastic deformation, whereas subsequent rolling resulted in a textured microstructure with both grains and inclusions aligning along the rolling direction. The spall behavior of Al 5083 was determined using plate-impact gas-gun experiments with rear free surface velocity measurements for a variety of processing conditions involving both ECAP and rolling. The spall strength and HEL increased from that of the as-received material after processing with ECAP. Subsequent rolling further increased the HEL but reduced the spall strength. Rolling also resulted in directional dependence of the spall strength, with the lowest spall strength occurring for impact through the plate thickness and highest spall strength in the rolling direction. The trends in the spall behavior correlate with the size and preferential alignment of manganese dispersoids and iron and silicon rich inclusions that are evolved during processing.
Nanovalve Activation by Surface-Attached Photoacids

Proton transfer caused by excitation of a photoacid attached to the surface of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle activates a nanovalve and causes release of trapped molecules. The protonation of an aniline-based stalk releases a noncovalently bound cyclodextrin molecule that blocked a pore. The results show that pH-responsive molecular delivery systems can be externally controlled using light.
Adolescents’ Conceptions of Work: What Is Learned From Different Sources During Anticipatory Socialization?

Anticipatory socialization is the process of gaining knowledge about work that begins in early childhood and continues until entering the workplace full-time. On self-administered questionnaires, 6...
Controlled release, blind tests of DNAPL characterization using partitioning tracers.

Abstract The partitioning tracer technique for dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) characterization was evaluated in an isolated test cell, in which controlled releases of perchloroethylene (PCE) had occurred. Four partitioning tracer tests were conducted, two using an inverted, double five-spot pumping pattern, and two using vertical circulation wells. Two of the four tests were conducted prior to remedial activities, and two were conducted after. Each test was conducted as a “blind test” where researchers conducting the partitioning tracer tests had no knowledge of the volume, method of release, nor resulting spatial distribution of DNAPL. Multiple partitioning tracers were used in each test, and the DNAPL volume estimates varied significantly within each test based on the different partitioning tracers. The tracers with large partitioning coefficients generally predicted a smaller volume of PCE than that expected based on the actual release volume. However, these predictions were made for low DNAPL saturations (average saturation was approximately 0.003), under conditions near the limits of the method's application. Furthermore, there were several factors that may have hindered prediction accuracy, including tracer degradation and remedial fluid interference.
Interstellar scintillation of extragalactic radio sources

Observations of 12 compact extragalactic sources were made at 2695 and 8085 MHz in order to detect weak intensity fluctuations caused by interstellar scintillation. Pulsar data are used to estimate the parameters of the interstellar medium needed to interpret the measured upper limits in terms of source angular diameters which are much larger than the scintillation cutoff diameter. It is shown that the observed source rms brightness temperatures are less than 10 to the 15th K and 10 to the 14th K at 2695 and 8085 MHz, respectively, making self-absorbed proton-synchroton radiation and high-brightness coherent mechanisms unlikely. If the sources are composed of 'point' components, each source can contain no fewer than 10,000 such components.
Activation and detoxication of aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in experimental animals and a hazard to human health in several parts of the world. Implementation of rational intervention plans requires understanding of aspects of the roles of individual chemical steps involved in its disposition. AFB1 is activated to AFB1 exo-8,9-epoxide primarily by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes, particularly P450 3A4. However, P450 3A4 and other P450s also oxidize AFB1 to less dangerous products. The exo-epoxide is unstable in H2O (t1/2 1 s at 25 degreesC, k=0.6 s-1) and the diol product undergoes base-catalyzed rearrangement to a dialdehyde that reacts with protein lysine residues. AFB1 exo-8, 9-epoxide reacts with DNA to give adducts in high yield (>98%). This interaction is characterized by a Kd of approximately 1.4 mM, intercalation between base pairs, and rapid reaction with the guanyl N7 atom (k approximately 40 s-1). A proton field on the periphery of DNA is postulated to catalyze hydrolysis and also conjugation. Rat and especially human epoxide hydrolase show very little rate acceleration of hydrolysis of AFB1 exo- or endo-8,9-epoxide. However, glutathione transferases (GSTs) can catalyze AFB1 exo-8,9-epoxide conjugation. Kinetic analysis indicates a range of ratios of kcat/Kd varying from 10 to 1700 s-1 M-1, with the polymorphic GST M1-1 having the highest activity of the human GSTs. Studies with human hepatocytes indicate a major role for GST M1-1 in AFB1 conjugation and that the model chemoprotective agent oltipraz can act by both inducing GSTs and inhibiting P450s.
Abscisic acid stimulation of phospholipase D in the barley aleurone is G-protein-mediated and localized to the plasma membrane.

We have previously determined that phospholipase D (PLD) is activated by abscisic acid (ABA), and this activation is required for the ABA response of the cereal aleurone cell. In this study, ABA-stimulated PLD activity was reconstituted in vitro in microsomal membranes prepared from aleurone protoplasts. The transient nature (20 min) and degree (1.5- to 2-fold) of activation in vitro were similar to that measured in vivo. Stimulation by ABA was only apparent in the membrane fraction and was associated with a fraction enriched in plasma membrane. These results suggest that an ABA receptor system and elements linking it to PLD activation are associated with the aleurone plasma membrane. The activation of PLD in vitro by ABA was dependent on the presence of GTP. Addition of GTPγS transiently stimulated PLD in an ABA-independent manner, whereas treatment with GDPβS or pertussis toxin blocked the PLD activation by ABA. Application of pertussis toxin to intact aleurone protoplasts inhibited the ability of ABA to activate PLD as well as antagonizing the ability of ABA to down-regulate gibberellic acid-stimulated α-amylase production. All of these data support the hypothesis that ABA stimulation of PLD activity occurs at the plasma membrane and is mediated by G-protein activity.
Evaluation of the etiology of nocturia in men: The nocturia and nocturnal bladder capacity indices

To determine and quantify the cause of nocturia in men, we describe and evaluate the relative contribution of two complementary indices of nocturia: the nocturia index (Ni), a measure of nocturnal urine overproduction, and the nocturnal bladder capacity index (NBCi), reflective of nocturnal bladder capacity. The records of 100 consecutive men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), having undergone video-urodynamic studies (VUDS), were prospectively studied. Evaluation included American Urological Association symptom score (AUASS), micturition diary (day, night, and 24-hr voided volume), and VUDS. Voiding diary analysis was carried out as previously described by us, determining the Ni, NBCi, and nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) (nocturnal urine volume/24-hr urine volume). In the case of AUASS question #7 (degree of nocturia), the odds of having a severe AUA question #7 response was found to be 4.09 times higher for patients with NBCi > 2.0 compared with patients whose NBCi was 2 as highly significant in defining diminished NBC as a factor in the etiology of nocturia. In addition, we propose Ni of 1.5 as a threshold greater than which nocturia may be attributed to nocturnal urine overproduction in excess of maximum bladder capacity. Together, these indices describe in quantitative fashion the relative contributions of nocturnal urine overproduction and diminished NBC in identifying the etiology of nocturia in male patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 18:559-565, 1999.
Status update on the second-generation ILC Marx modulator prototype

This paper is a status update of the SLAC P2 Marx. This Marx-topology klystron modulator is a second-generation modulator which builds upon experience gained from the SLAC P1 Marx. There are several fundamental differences between these modulators including the correction scheme, bus voltages, and the control system architecture. These differences, along with preliminary experimental results and the schedule for further development, are detailed in this paper.
UNESCO Declaration: Enlightening the Cosmic Context of Global Bioethics

One of the most important components of the culture of Ubuntu is its respect for the essential cosmic/global context. The meaning of this context can be enlightened by considering the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. One of the major components of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights concerns justice. The ethical debate on human rights respects the universal primacy of the human person within the parameters of the principle of justice. Another major component of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human rights is based on diversity.
Decapitating Romance: Class, Fetish, and Ideology in Keats's Isabella

Critics of Keats9s Isabella; or, The Pot of Basil (1818) traditionally focus on the poem9s "transitional" status between the early Endymion and the later and much greater odes. This article reads the poem as a shocking and angry poem by interrogating the meanings of the decapitated head that lies at the core of the text. By interrogating the head I read the work as an expression of Keats9s attempt to bury his grief for his parents9 deaths, to repudiate his middle-class origins, and to deny his attraction to "Romance," the popular Gothic ballad tradition of his day. The text explores Keats9s very personal need to elide pain with words, the linguistic conventions of Romance. The fact that he could not bury the body of his pain, the fact that the body comes back to haunt and consume the living-these are the central issues Keats could not resolve in Isabella. The hungry heart one always senses while reading Keats becomes in this poem the mouth that devours, the voice in his own head that would not die, that would not stop repeating the tale of his pain, anger, doubt, and grief.
Semiclassical dynamics in the strongly chaotic regime: breaking the log time barrier

We investigate the behavior of the quantum baker's transformation, a system whose classical analogue is completely chaotic, for time scales where the classical mechanics generates phase space structures on a scale smaller than Planck's constant (i.e., past the log time t∗ ≈ ln ħ-1). Surprisingly, we find that a semiclassical theory can accurately reproduce many features of the quantum evolution of a wave packet in this strongly mixing time regime.
Missed and Delayed Diagnoses in the Emergency Department: A Study of Closed Malpractice Claims From 4 Liability Insurers

Study objectives Diagnostic errors in the emergency department (ED) are an important patient safety concern, but little is known about their cause. We identify types and causes of missed or delayed diagnoses in the ED. Methods This is a review of 122 closed malpractice claims from 4 liability insurers in which patients had alleged a missed or delayed diagnosis in the ED. Trained physician reviewers examined the litigation files and the associated medical records to determine whether an adverse outcome because of a missed diagnosis had occurred, what breakdowns were involved in the missed diagnosis, and what factors contributed to it. Main outcome measures were missed diagnoses, process breakdowns, and contributing factors. Results A total of 79 claims (65%) involved missed ED diagnoses that harmed patients. Forty-eight percent of these missed diagnoses were associated with serious harm, and 39% resulted in death. The leading breakdowns in the diagnostic process were failure to order an appropriate diagnostic test (58% of errors), failure to perform an adequate medical history or physical examination (42%), incorrect interpretation of a diagnostic test (37%), and failure to order an appropriate consultation (33%). The leading contributing factors to the missed diagnoses were cognitive factors (96%), patient-related factors (34%), lack of appropriate supervision (30%), inadequate handoffs (24%), and excessive workload (23%). The median numbers of process breakdowns and contributing factors per missed diagnosis were 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion Missed diagnoses in the ED have a complex cause. They are typically the result of multiple breakdowns in the diagnostic process and several contributing factors.
Apparent cellulase activity of purified xylanase is due to contamination of assay substrate with xylan

Purified xylanase A ofTrichoderma longibrachiatum was active on one of two carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) preparations used as cellulase assay substrates. The pattern of enzyme activity, and analysis of the substrate by acid hydrolysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) suggested that the enzyme had acted on xylan present in the CMC.
On the determination of diffusion lengths by means of angle-lapped p-n junctions

A standard procedure for determining the minority carrier diffusion length by means of SEM consists of scanning an angle-lapped surface of a p-n junction and measuring the resulting short circuit current as a function of beam position. The present paper points out that the usual expression linking the short circuit current induced by the electron beam to the angle between the semiconductor surface and the junction plane is incorrect. The correct expression is discussed and it is noted that, for angles less than 10 deg, the new and the old expression are practically indistinguishable.
Redox Speciation and Distribution within Diverse Iron-dominated Microbial Habitats at Loihi Seamount

Deep-sea hydrothermal systems such as the Loihi Seamount hydrothermal field are important examples of environments where both chemical and biological oxidation of Fe can occur simultaneously, and provide an ideal system to study the speciation and distribution of redox-sensitive bio-reactive elements such as Fe, Mn and S. A total of 13 discrete ROV dives were conducted within the Loihi Summit area over three cruises in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Here, we present and compare data from 17 distinct sites of historical and current interest, from focused and diffuse hydrothermal flow localities, over the three-year sampling period. We coupled an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA) to a sensor wand and a high-resolution in situ micromanipulator deployed from ROV Jason-II to measure dissolved redox species within hydrothermal fluids and microbial mats at Loihi Seamount in complement to analyses on discrete samples collected using Titanium samplers. We compare in situ electrochemical data with traditional geochemi...
Measurement of real-time PM2.5 mass, sulfate, and carbonaceous aerosols at the multiple monitoring sites

Abstract Continuous or semi-continuous concentrations of PM 2.5 , organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), black carbon (BC), and sulfate were measured during the summer of 2002 in two northeastern US cities, Rochester, New York and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Daily, 24-h samples were collected on quartz filter media for filter-based OC/EC and sulfate concentrations. The semi-continuous and daily integrated OC and EC were measured using a thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) method while BC was measured using an Aethalometer. Continuous sulfate concentrations were determined using a continuous sulfate analyzer and evaluated with daily filter-based sulfate data obtained using an ion chromatography (IC). In Rochester, semi-continuous OC and continuous sulfate accounted for more than 57% and 23%, respectively, of the PM 2.5 mass with a mean of 16.2 μg m −3 while OC and sulfate in Philadelphia accounted for 21% and 38% of the PM 2.5 mass with a mean of 22.6 μg m −3 . The semi-continuous OC values in Philadelphia were somewhat correlated with real-time PM 2.5 mass concentrations, whereas EC values were relatively lower and tended to be independent of the PM 2.5 mass at the sites. Good agreement was found between the reconstructed mass based on chemical composition of the filter samples and the real-time PM 2.5 mass at the sites. The continuous analysis and the filter-based IC analysis of sulfate was highly correlated. Comparing with result including the Canadian forest fire episode obtained with the filter-based analysis, the filter-based OC quite increased by the factor of four, whereas the average EC concentration increased by a factor of two. The non-denuded filter measurements of total carbon (TC) were always higher than the denuded semi-continuous TC values in Philadelphia. Significant differences were observed during a forest fire and haze events suggesting a positive artifact due to the adsorption of semi-volatile organic compounds.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering with counterpropagating laser beams.

A new three-laser phase-matching geometry for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is presented. This geometry, which uses two counterpropagating beams, is experimentally convenient and provides excellent spatial discrimination of the signal regardless of the magnitude of the Raman shift or the medium dispersion. Experiments in CS2 are found to be in agreement with the calculated results. Two other dispersion-insensitive geometries are also presented.
Pharmacology of ivermectin

Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic macrocyclic lactone (Fig. I) active in single low doses against many parasites - particularly nematodes and arthropods. It has been registered for animal health use since early 1985, and was earlier this year approved for human use by the French Directorate o f Pharmacy and Drugs. Of particular interest is ivermectin's potential as a micro filaricide for treatment o f onchocerciasis. Clinical trials leave little doubt about the potential o f ivermectin as a therapeutic tool for symptomatic relief from the effects o f infection with Onchocerca volvulus, and the drug is also recognized to have potential in reducing transmission o f the parasite. The manufacturers (Merck, Sharp and Dohme) recently arranged to provide the drug free o f charge to the WHO for mass trials against onchocerciasis in 12 African and Central American countries. In this article we focus on the pharmacological properties o f ivermectin, with a brief consideration of its absorption, fate, excretion and side-effects, and a discussion o f its micro filaricidal action.
Effects of salinity changes on the photodegradation and ultraviolet-visible absorbance of terrestrial dissolved organic matter

We performed laboratory studies to determine the effects of salinity on the photodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia, an important source of terrestrial DOM to the lower Chesapeake Bay. Samples were created by mixing Great Dismal Swamp water (ionic strength < 0 mol L 21 ) with modified artificial seawater solutions of differing salinities while keeping the final dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration constant. These samples were then irradiated for 24 h in a light box providing ultraviolet (UV) light similar to that of natural sunlight. Light absorbance and DOC concentrations decreased after photoexposure, whereas dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations increased. Variations in salinity affected both DIC production and UV absorption, with the higher salinity samples showing lower DIC production and less photobleaching. Addition of an iron chelator eliminated the relationship between photochemistry and salinity by reducing both photobleaching and DIC production at low salinities. As terrigenous DOM transits through an estuary, its photochemical reactivity and optical properties may change significantly as a function of salinity, probably as a result of changes in DOM conformation or changes in iron– DOM photochemistry, or both.
Mutant alleles of tRNAThr genes suppress the hisG46 missense mutation in Salmonella typhimurium

Extragenic suppressors of the hisG46 missense mutation were mapped to the 71 and 88 min regions of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome, positions that in Escherichia coli contain the thrV (tRNA(Thr1)) and thrT (tRNA(Thr3)) genes, respectively. The suppressor loci were identified as mutant alleles of thrV and thrT, using allele-specific colony hybridization. An oligomer, based on the conserved 5' sequence of the thrT and thrV genes in E. coli and designed to contain the putative mutant anticodon, discriminated between suppressor-containing and wild-type strains. Similarly, probes specific for the thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] were used to differentiate the two suppressors. To date, all extragenic suppressors of hisG46 have been identified as either thrV[SuGGG] or thrT[SuGGG]. A near equal distribution of thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] suppressors was found among 29 spontaneous and 43 mutagen-induced hisG46 extragenic suppressor revertants. It was concluded, therefore, that mutant alleles of thrV and thrT are predominantly, if not solely, responsible for intergenic suppression of the hisG46 mutation.
Statistical approach to detect the presence of phase coupling using the bispectrum

The bispectrum is a method to detect the presence of phase coupling between different components in a signal. The traditional way to quantify phase coupling is by means of the bicoherence index, which is essentially a normalized bispectrum. The major drawback of the bicoherence index is that determination of the phase coupling threshold is arbitrary. To overcome this limitation, a statistical approach which combines the use of the bispectrum with a surrogate data method to determine the statistical significance of the phase coupling is introduced. We demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach using simulation examples which are designed to test its robustness against noise contamination as well as varying levels of phase coupling. Our results show that the proposed approach outperforms the bicoherence index and provides an unbiased and statistical approach to determining the presence of the phase coupling.
Validation of Parent-Reported Injuries to Their Children:

Objective: Injury is a leading cause of emergency department visits, disability, and death in children. This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of parental report of children’s specific injuries. Methods: A prospective validation study was conducted in 3 urban pediatric emergency departments from August 2010 to July 2011. Parents of injured children completed a survey at 2-weeks following the emergency department visit, and their responses were compared to injury data that were abstracted from medical records. Results: Parent surveys were completed for 516 injured children. Sensitivities were ≥0.75 for all fractures and ≥0.88 for extremity and skull fractures. Internal organ injuries were generally less accurately reported by parents than fractures. Specificity estimates all exceeded 0.95. Conclusions: This telephone-administered and mailed self-administered survey enabled parents to accurately report specific head and extremity injuries. Practical Applications: This survey may be a useful too...
The Lompoc, California, earthquake (November 4, 1927; M = 7.3) and its aftershocks

abstract Seismological observations local to the 1927 earthquake suggest an epicenter for it near 34.6°N, 120.9°W. These observations include S - P times for the immediate aftershocks recorded at four stations in southern California; S - P times reported for the main shock at Berkeley and Lick Observatory by P. Byerly; and a time-decaying (1934 to 1969) zone of seismicity centered offshore of Point Arguello, herein identified as the aftershock zone of the 1927 earthquake. This location is approximately 40 km southwest of the teleseismic location for the 1927 earthquake recently offered by W. Gawthrop, although a location intermediate to the one proposed here and the one by Gawthrop would satisfy uncertainties associated with both locations. Even so, the location farther offshore is suggested by the near absence of strong shaking in the adjacent coastal region, which seemingly precludes a near-coastal location for an earthquake of this magnitude. Furthermore, unpublished teleseismic first-motion data of G. Stewart and analysis of the distortion of a geodetic quadrilateral by J. Savage and W. Prescott argue against a faulting mechanism for the 1927 earthquake that involves predominantly right-lateral slip on a near-coastal and northwesterly striking fault of the San Andreas type.
Leuconidae (Crustacea: Cumacea) from the collections of the Museum Victoria, Australia.

The collections of the Museum Victoria have yielded six new leuconid species in five genera from Australian waters: Austroleucon adiazetos n. sp., A. dolosolevis n. sp., Eudorellopsis mykteros n. sp., Kontiloleucon australiensis n. gen., n. sp., Leucon (Alytoleucon) dolichorhinos n. sp., Ommatoleucon megalopos n. sp. as well as the new genus Kontiloleucon . Leucon (Leucon) echinolophotos n. sp. is a new species from off Enderby Land, Antarctica. Keys to the Australian leuconid genera and species are included.
Teaching Geisha in History, Fiction, and Fantasy

Artists skilled in performing classical music and dance, geisha are famous the world over as emblems of Japanese culture at its most erotic and exotic. Everything from novels and comedies to fashion and films document Euro-American fascination with geisha from the late 19 th through the 20 th centuries. Japanese essayists have long, and often ruefully, observed this foreign curiosity for the geisha gaaru . Yet, the literature on geisha in Japan includes a range of works, too, including fiction, academic study, tips for would-be connoisseurs as well as memoirs and etiquette manuals penned by geisha themselves. Well into the twenty-first century, geisha still intrigue at home and abroad. Exploring multiple representations of geisha in an Asian Studies course easily engages students, but also challenges them to think critically. Not only do they learn about geisha past and present, but they also understand geisha studies as a field. Their study also explores the constructed nature of gender, leading to comparisons of Japan, the U.S., and a host of models of ideal femininity and masculinity. It is students’ involvement with learning how knowledge is produced, fantasies sustained, and questions asked and avoided, that makes teaching the geisha course rewarding.
Ethnic Orientations among Polish Americans

A survey of the ethnic consciousness of 246 Milwaukee Polish Americans found that the respondents could be divided into three general categories. The largest of these was composed of persons who, for all practical purposes, are assimilated. Among the others, two variations in Polish American ethnicity were identified. One was based on involvement in fraternal organizations while the other was founded in the maintenance of close contacts with Poland. Ethnically defined attitudes and behavior were strongest among members of this last group, who are familiar with the Polish language, usually born in Poland, and retain personal ties with that country. Ethnicity is strongly associated with older age, higher education and residence in heavily Polish neighborhoods in Mil? waukee.
Activity of an Avermectin Against Selected Insects in Aging Manure

Manure from cattle treated with an intramuscular injection of an avermectin, MK-933 [at least 80% 22, 23-dihydro-5- O -demethylavermectin A1a and not more than 20% 22,23-dihydro-5- O - demethyl-25-de(l-methylpropyl)-25-(1- methylethyl)avermectin A1a], at a rate of 200 μg/ka prevented emergence of adult horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), from all collections through 28 days posttreatment. Some adult horn flies emerged from manure collected at 35 days posttreatment and then aged 2 weeks before infestation. Emergence of several endemic insects was severely reduced in the manure of treated animals; however, this treatment did not influence emergence of all the insects. Manure from treated animals appeared to physically disintegrate at the same rate as that from untreated animals
Cell-mediated immune competence in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Abstract The immune competence of 65 patients with prostatic cancer was evaluated by 2 in vivo and 2 in vitro tests to study the contribution of host factors to the progress of the disease. Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy served as controls. Our results indicate that the delayed skin hypersensitivity response to common microbial recall antigens (streptokinase/streptodornase, purified protein derivative, dermatophytin 0 and dermatophytin) is unaltered in advanced stages of malignancy. The ability to be sensitized by dinitrochlorobenzene declines significantly in patients with metastatic disease. Blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to Phytohemagglutinin stimulation is not depressed in late stages of malignancy, although in the circulating T cells per cent and absolute values are somewhat lower in patients with metastases. Herein we show that immune competence (measured by the 4 tests) of patients with prostatic carcinoma does not decrease markedly even in the late stages of the disease. Primary sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene is the only test showing a decline in responsiveness related to the tumor stage.
Clinical pharmacological approaches to evaluating tardive dyskinesia

During the last two and one-half decades, neuroleptic medications have provided both a practical efficacious treatment for schizophrenia (Davis et al., 1975), and a theoretical framework for investigating psychoses and movement disorders. Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a potentially irreversible neurological syndrome of involuntary hyperkinetic movements in the oral, facial, limb and truncal regions, is linked with chronic use of neuroleptics and poses a critical problem in the long term management of schizophrenia. The pathophysiological basis underlying the development of TD is yet to be completely clarified, but evidence indicates that it involves at least a primary reduced dopamine (DA) neurotransmission followed by relative DA over-activity that has been characterized as DA receptor hypersensitivity, and perhaps involves specific subtypes of DA receptors. This may lead to an imbalance between the reciprocal DA and acetylcholinergic influences in the nigrostriatal systems. In addition, recent studies in animal models of movement disorders have suggested that neuroanatomical and neurochemical interrelations in the basal ganglia which are mediated by GABA and the endorphins may also play a role in TD (Tarsy and Baldessarini, 1976; Gerlach, 1979a; Jeste and Wyatt, 1979; Mackay and Sheppard, 1979).
Ideals and Homomorphisms

Ideals. In accordance with previous use of the term, a subring of a ring R is a set S of elements of R such that, with respect to the addition and multiplication defined in R, S is itself a ring. Previously mentioned examples of subrings are the subring of all even integers in the ring of all integers, the subring of all integers in the field of rational numbers, and the subring of all finite subsets of J in the ring of all subsets of J. Although subrings are sometimes of interest, it will be shown presently that subsystems of more restricted type are of even more importance. These are the ideals which we proceed to define. A set S of one or more elements of a ring R is called an ideal in R if and only if it has the following properties: (i) If a and b are elements of S, then a — b is an element of S. (ii) If a is an element of S, then for every element r of R, ar and ra are elements of S. We may first point out that an ideal S in R is necessarily a subring of R . By (i), if a is an element of S, then 0 = a — a is in S , and it then follows that — a = 0 — a is also in S .
Poor sleep quality is associated with greater circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and severity and frequency of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) symptoms in women.

Abstract Objective Poor sleep quality has been linked to inflammatory processes and worse disease outcomes in the context of many chronic illnesses, but less is known in conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). This study examines the relationships between sleep quality, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and CFS/ME symptoms. Methods Sixty women diagnosed with CFS/ME were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI) and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-based CFS/ME symptom questionnaires. Circulating plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Multiple regression analyses examined associations between sleep, cytokines and symptoms, controlling for age, education, and body mass index. Results Poor sleep quality (PSQI global score) was associated with greater pro-inflammatory cytokine levels: interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (β = 0.258, p = 0.043), IL-6 (β = 0.281, p = 0.033), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (β = 0.263, p = 0.044). Worse sleep quality related to greater fatigue severity (β = 0.395, p = 0.003) and fatigue-related interference with daily activities (β = 0.464, p p p Conclusions Results underscore the importance of managing sleep-related difficulties in this patient population. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of sleep disruptions in CFS/ME and mechanistic factors linking sleep quality to symptom severity and inflammatory processes.
Methods for eliciting, annotating, and analyzing databases for child speech development

Reviews methods and results from databases of day-long recordings of infants.Describes challenges of building large-scale databases of childrens speech.Explicates relationship between ASR error rates and talker age for child speech.Surveys annotation schemas for child speech that do not assume adult segmental models.Illustrates acoustic measures to evaluate child-appropriate speech production models. Methods from automatic speech recognition (ASR), such as segmentation and forced alignment, have facilitated the rapid annotation and analysis of very large adult speech databases and databases of caregiverinfant interaction, enabling advances in speech science that were unimaginable just a few decades ago. This paper centers on two main problems that must be addressed in order to have analogous resources for developing and exploiting databases of young childrens speech. The first problem is to understand and appreciate the differences between adult and child speech that cause ASR models developed for adult speech to fail when applied to child speech. These differences include the fact that childrens vocal tracts are smaller than those of adult males and also changing rapidly in size and shape over the course of development, leading to between-talker variability across age groups that dwarfs the between-talker differences between adult men and women. Moreover, children do not achieve fully adult-like speech motor control until they are young adults, and their vocabularies and phonological proficiency are developing as well, leading to considerably more within-talker variability as well as more between-talker variability. The second problem then is to determine what annotation schemas and analysis techniques can most usefully capture relevant aspects of this variability. Indeed, standard acoustic characterizations applied to child speech reveal that adult-centered annotation schemas fail to capture phenomena such as the emergence of covert contrasts in childrens developing phonological systems, while also revealing childrens nonuniform progression toward community speech norms as they acquire the phonological systems of their native languages. Both problems point to the need for more basic research into the growth and development of the articulatory system (as well as of the lexicon and phonological system) that is oriented explicitly toward the construction of age-appropriate computational models.
Foucault and the Telos of Power

In this paper, I argue that the unique contributions of Foucault’s late work to critical social theory can be identified in the ways in which power relations are refined as the material condition o...
Abstract 441: Cigarette Smoke Regulation of Cholesterol Efflux and Protease Production in Atherosclerosis Decreases Plaque Collagen Content and Increases Plaque Necrosis

There is strong epidemiological data linking smoking to an increase in the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this susceptibility a...
Quantification of Lewis acid induced Bronsted acidity of protogenic Lewis bases

Proton transfer promoted by the coordination of protogenic Lewis bases to a Lewis acid is a critical step in catalytic transformations. Although the acidification of water upon coordination to a Lewis acid has been known for decades, no attempts have been made to correlate the Bronsted acidity of the coordinated water molecule with Lewis acid strength. To probe this effect, the pKa's (estimated error of 1.3 pKa units) in acetonitrile of ten protogenic Lewis bases coordinated to seven Lewis acids containing Lewis acidities varying 70 kcal mol−1, were computed. To quantify Lewis acid strength, the ability to transfer a hydride (hydride donor ability) from the respective main group hydride was used. Coordination of a Lewis acid to water increased the acidity of the bound water molecule between 20 and 50 pKa units. A linear correlation exhibiting a 2.6 pKa unit change of the Lewis acid–water adduct per ten kcal mol−1 change in hydride donor ability of the respective main group hydride was obtained. For the ten protogenic Lewis bases studied, the coordinated protogenic Lewis bases were acidified between 10 and 50 pKa units. On average, a ten kcal mol−1 change in hydride donor ability of the respective main group hydride resulted in about a 2.8 pKa unit change in the Bronsted acidity of the Lewis acid–Lewis base adducts. Since attempts to computationally investigate the pKa of main group dihydrogen complexes were unsuccessful, experimental determination of the first reported pKa of a main group dihydrogen complex is described. The pKa of H2-B(C6F5)3 was determined to be 5.8 ± 0.2 in acetonitrile.
Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Delivery Attenuates Cardiac Glycogen Accumulation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

P58 The tissue kallikrein-kinin system is locally present in the heart and is reduced under diabetic conditions. In the present study, we explored the effects of kallikrein gene delivery in the heart under diabetic conditions. Intravenous injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60mg/kg) into 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats produced hyperglycemia (460 ± 10 mg/dl, n=30). Three weeks after STZ treatment, adenovirus containing the human tissue kallikrein gene (Ad.CMV-cHK) or green fluorescence protein gene (Ad.CMV-GFP) under the control of CMV promoter/enhancer were injected via the tail vein into STZ-diabetic rats. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery caused a significant reduction of blood pressure as compared to control rats receiving control virus (170.8 ± 3.5 vs. 187.4 ± 4.2 mmHg, n=8, P
Bayesian Semi-nonnegative Tri-matrix Factorization to Identify Pathways Associated with Cancer Types

Identifying altered pathways that are associated with specific cancer types can potentially bring a significant impact on cancer patient treatment. Accurate identification of such key altered pathways information can be used to develop novel therapeutic agents as well as to understand the molecular mechanisms of various types of cancers better. Tri-matrix factorization is an efficient tool to learn associations between two different entities (e.g., cancer types and pathways in our case) from data. To successfully apply tri-matrix factorization methods to biomedical problems, biological prior knowledge such as pathway databases or protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, should be taken into account in the factorization model. However, it is not straightforward in the Bayesian setting even though Bayesian methods are more appealing than point estimate methods, such as a maximum likelihood or a maximum posterior method, in the sense that they calculate distributions over variables and are robust against overfitting. We propose a Bayesian (semi-)nonnegative matrix factorization model for human cancer genomic data, where the biological prior knowledge represented by a pathway database and a PPI network is taken into account in the factorization model through a finite dependent Beta-Bernoulli prior. We tested our method on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and found that the pathways identified by our method can be used as a prognostic biomarkers for patient subgroup identification.
Analysis of GAPDH and Protein Interaction

The non-glycolytic or non-enzymatic functions of GAPDH also involve its interaction with other proteins. GAPDH has been reported to interact with cytoplasmic as well as nuclear proteins (transcription factors). This chapter will outline methods that can be used to decipher the interaction of GAPDH with other proteins in a cell-free system as well as in vivo. If both GAPDH and the protein of interest are available in sufficient amounts, either in native or recombinant forms, the cell-free system method will be relevant for verification of the GAPDH and protein interaction. The assay relies on the principle of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). This method is quick and simple, yet reliable. If the in vivo interaction of GAPDH with other proteins is to be investigated, then immunoprecipitation of GAPDH is appropriate. In principle, as the GAPDH is immunoprecipitated (pulled-down) any other protein that is bound with GAPDH will also be pulled-down (known as co-immunoprecipitation). Thus, this approach relies on the co-immunoprecipitation method to identify interacting partners. The advantage of the co-immunoprecipitation technique is that it will demonstrate the real-time binding (based on cellular dynamics or events) of GAPDH with a target protein in the context of the cellular status (e.g. proliferation, programmed cell death, disease conditions, etc.).
Changes in Calcium Homeostasis During Aging

Altered calcium homeostasis may lead to the decline in brain function that is generally associated with aging. The brain’s dependence upon numerous calcium-regulated processes may make it particularly vulnerable to altered calcium homeostasis. A precise primary defect in calcium homeostasis is difficult to identify due to calcium’s complex compartmentation and the limitations of current neurochemical techniques. Age-related alterations in calcium homeostasis appear to be physiologically important, since pharmacological treatments that are aimed at the defect in calcium transport partially reverse many age-associated neurochemical and behavioral deficits. Detecting an age-related difference does not necessarily identify the primary defect, because of the complex interactions which regulate calcium homeostasis. For example, age-related alterations may secondarily produce either excess or diminished nerve terminal ionized calcium. However, reversal of secondary changes may ameliorate some of the consequences due to aging.
Motown Style and the American Dream

This research deciphers relationships between the Motown artists' image and the era of their greatest success as related to the shifting American dream of the tumultuous 1960s- 1970s. During Motown's beginnings in the early 1960's the glamorous image portrayed by its artists was deemed socially progressive by highlighting African American's inclusion into American upper echelon status. As the decade evolved Motown's dress became out of step with the prevailing styles of social movements. This research documents the design process including how the clothing was selected, produced, and where existing pieces are archived. Examinations of the aesthetic revealed the impact of Motown's dress choices on the wearer, the viewer, and greater society. This study conducts primary research by working with musicians, historians, curators and collections managers as well as performing on site examinations of archives and exhibitions around the United States. Secondary literature research reveals dress details embedded within greater narratives.
Plasma Induced Wiggler Magnetic Field in a Cavity: II-FDTD Method for a Switched Lossy Plasma

The transformation of an elliptically polarized standing source wave in a cavity by a lossy plasma created with arbitrary space and time profiles is numerically computed using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD equations derived are shown to be very robust and results are presented for several practical scenarios.
Development and organization of the zebrafish intestinal epithelial stem cell niche.

BACKGROUND Development of the vertebrate intestinal epithelial stem cell niche begins during embryogenesis but maturation occurs postembryonic. The intestinal mammalian crypt contains stem cells interspersed by secretory cells that play a role in regulation of proliferation. Epithelial cells are specified as either secretory or enterocytes as they migrate up the villi in mammals or fold in zebrafish. Zebrafish forms a functional intestine by the end of embryogenesis but takes another 4 weeks to develop the adult proliferation pattern. RESULTS We characterize development of the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche during the postembryonic period. During the first 2-weeks postembryogenesis, different groups of epithelial cells sequentially proceed through one or two cell cycles, appear to become quiescent, and remain at the interfold base. The third week begins asymmetric divisions with proliferative progeny moving up the folds. Apoptotic cells are not observed at the fold tip until the end of the fourth week. Secretory cells intersperse among interfold base proliferative cells, increasing in number during the third and fourth weeks with a coincident change in proliferation pattern. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish postembryonic intestinal epithelial development consists of 2 weeks of slow proliferation followed by 2 weeks of metamorphosis to the adult structure. Developmental Dynamics 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ADOLESCENTS WITH SPONDYLOLYSIS HAVE LOWER SRS-22 SCORES THAN CONTROLS AND PEERS WITH SCOLIOSIS.

Background:Spondylolysis is a common etiology of back pain in adolescents, especially in athletes whose sport involves repetitive spine hyperextension and rotation; however, there is a paucity of r...
Elementary Classroom Web Sites.

The purpose of this study was to understand how elementary classroom Web sites support children's literacy. From a sociocultural perspective of literacy and a transformative stance toward the integ...