cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A G protein-linked receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide

The complementary DNA encoding a 585-amino acid parathyroid hormone-parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-PTHrP) receptor with seven potential membrane-spanning domains was cloned by COS-7 expression using an opossum kidney cell complementary DNA (cDNA) library. The expressed receptor binds PTH and PTHrP with equal affinity, and both ligands equivalently stimulate adenylate cyclase. Striking homology with the calcitonin receptor and lack of homology with other G protein-linked receptors indicate that receptors for these calcium-regulating hormones are related and represent a new family.
The Lie-transformed Vlasov action principle: Relativistically covariant wave propagation and self-consistent ponderomotive effects☆

Abstract A covariant action is formulated for the Vlasov-Maxwell system. Upon subjecting the particle phase space and invariant hamiltonian to Lie transform for interaction with an eikonal wave, we obtain a new action principle for the invariant oscillation-center distribution and the self-consistent wave propagation, with a common kernel for the invariant ponderomotive hamiltonian and the linear susceptibility.
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) Regulates Secretory Function in Pancreatic Beta-Cells

Cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a well-known regulator of the cell cycle in diverse types of cells. In pancreatic β-cells, CDKs have been the subject of much research devoted towards increasing β-cell mass by driving proliferation in diabetics, where there is a conspicuous loss of β-cell mass. However, mice lacking CDK2 in their pancreatic β-cells (Pdx1-Cre:CDK2–/– mice) exhibited glucose intolerance and reduced insulin release from isolated islets before losing β-cell mass. To examine the underlying defects, optical imaging of NAD(P)H/flavin autofluorescence was used to directly measure glycolytic and mitochondrial activity, which both trigger and control refilling of the readily-releasable granule pool in β-cells. By comparison to control islets, Pdx1-Cre:Cdk2–/– islets exhibited a reduced baseline, slower rise time, and a reduced maximal NAD(P)H/flavin response, which correlated with increased mitochondrial volume in EM images. Surprisingly, Ca2+ signaling - the direct trigger for β-cell insulin granule release - was not responsible for the observed secretory defect since the intracellular Ca2+ oscillations of Pdx1-Cre:Cdk2–/– islets were found to be more sensitive to glucose than control islets. Ca2+ channel activation is therefore uncoupled from both metabolism and secretion in this model. Uncoupling of secretion may further involve the exocytotic machinery, since mRNA levels of the SNARE protein SNAP25, and the glucose-dependent priming factor RAB27A, were reduced by CDK2 ablation. Taken together, our data indicates that CDK2 maintains insulin secretion by regulating metabolic output and plasma membrane electrical activity, and suggests further CDK2-dependent regulation of the exocytotic machinery, roles that are in distinct to regulation of β-cell proliferative capacity. Supported by F32DK085960 (MJM), the NIDDK Intramural Research Program (SGR), and R01DK46409 (LSS).
A comparison of multivariate normal generators

Three methods for generating outcomes on multivariate normal random vectors with a specified variance-covariance matrix are presented. A comparison is made to determine which method requires the least computer execution time and memory space when utilizing the IBM 360/67. All methods use as a basis a standard Gaussian random number generator. Results of the comparison indicate that the method based on triangular factorization of the covariance matrix generally requires less memory space and computer time than the other two methods.
Beyond black and white: The present and future of multiracial friendship segregation

How will racial divisions in student friendship networks change as U.S. schools incorporate a growing Asian and Hispanic population? Drawing on theories of race in assimilation processes and the effects of relative group size on intergroup relations, several hypotheses are developed to address this question. These hypotheses are tested using data on friendships among students in grades 7 to 12 from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Key findings are that (1) cross-race friendships including Asian and Hispanic students are more common than those between white and black students, but race and Hispanic background have significant influences on student friendships that persist over immigrant generations; (2) black or white racial identifications are strongly associated with the friendship choices of Hispanic students; (3) cross-race friendships increase with school racial diversity; and (4) own-group friend selection intensifies for students in small racial minorities in a school. The results support theories of racially segmented patterns of assimilation in primary group relations and suggest that students in small racial minorities seek to maintain a friendship network including several own-race friends. Implications are discussed.
Teachers’ perspectives on “authentic mathematics” and the two-column proof form

We investigate experienced high school geometry teachers’ perspectives on “authentic mathematics” and the much-criticized two-column proof form. A videotaped episode was shown to 26 teachers gathered in five focus groups. In the episode, a teacher allows a student doing a proof to assume a statement is true without immediately justifying it, provided he return to complete the argument later. Prompted by this episode, the teachers in our focus groups revealed two apparently contradictory dispositions regarding the use of the two-column proof form in the classroom. For some, the two-column form is understood to prohibit a move like that shown in the video. But for others, the form is seen as a resource enabling such a move. These contradictory responses are warranted in competing but complementary notions, grounded on the corpus of teacher responses, that teachers hold about the nature of authentic mathematical activity when proving.
The multipurpose optimal design of elastic structures with a piecewise uniform cross section

Die Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit dem optimalen Entwurf eines elastischen Tragwerks fur mehrere Belastungszustande und vorgeschriebene Gesamtsteifigkeit. Fruhere Ergebnisse werden verallgemeinert zwecks Aufstellung notwendiger und hinreichender Optimalitatsbedingungen fur konvexe spezifische Kostenfunktionen. Eine Methode der optimalen Bemessung wird beschrieben und an Beispielen erlautert.
Collective induction: Mutual group and individual influence by exchange of hypotheses and evidence

Abstract Yoked four-person groups and individuals induced a rule under four conditions of information exchange. The yoked groups and individuals exchanged both hypotheses and evidence on each trial, hypotheses only, evidence only, or neither. Both the exchange of hypotheses and the exchange of evidence improved the aggregate performance of the yoked group and individual. Group performance was superior to individual performance. Significant three-way interactions indicated that this superiority was greatest when evidence, but not hypotheses, was exchanged. Alternatively, the interactions indicated that exchange of evidence had relatively more effect than exchange of hypotheses for groups, whereas exchange of hypotheses and exchange of evidence had comparable effects for individuals. The patterns of same and different individual and group hypotheses on trials t and t + 1 indicated more group influence on the individual than individual influence on the group. Social combination analyses of the group hypotheses for distributions of member hypotheses indicated that the same basic social combination process applied in all four conditions. Sequential transition analyses of the transition probabilities from distributions of member hypotheses on trial t to distributions on trial t + 1 indicated that once the correct hypothesis was proposed by one or more group members it was highly likely to be proposed again by one or more members on the subsequent trial. We propose that the inductive task and yoking methodology will be useful for research on majority and minority influence.
New approaches to EGFR inhibition for locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN)

Despite recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have remained poor. The focus of SCCHN therapy has more recently shifted to the molecular level, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) pathway. Several agents that target the EGFR pathway, including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under investigation for SCCHN. Searches of PubMed and results of key oncology congresses were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. The EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody cetuximab is approved for the treatment of locally advanced SCCHN in combination with radiotherapy, for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic SCCHN in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and 5-fluorouracil, and for recurrent or metastatic SCCHN following progression with platinum-based chemotherapy. Other investigational EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies (e.g., panitumumab, nimotuzumab, zalutumumab) are in clinical development for SCCHN. Inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR has also been explored as a therapeutic approach in SCCHN using small-molecule reversible inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, a key challenge in SCCHN is the development of resistance, and strategies are being pursued to delay or overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted agents. These strategies include development of agents that inhibit multiple ErbB receptors simultaneously (e.g., lapatinib) or that bind multiple ErbB family receptors irreversibly (e.g., afatinib, PF-00299804) and investigation of combinations of agents that target multiple pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SCCHN. Ongoing large clinical trials are evaluating these emerging agents and combinations for the treatment of SCCHN.
Expulsion of Implanon.

A 24-year-old woman attended the family planning clinic in October 2005 reporting increasing discomfort over the site of her Implanon contraceptive implant. It had been inserted 6 months previously in the standard position in the left arm and apart from irregular slight bleeding she had had no problems with it until this point. She had previously used Depo-Provera as contraception since 2001 and was happy with this method but had been advised to change due to the new Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) guidance that had been issued regarding the potential problem of loss of bone density with long-term use. The patient was seen on a Saturday when redness and mild tenderness over the proximal and distal ends of the implant were noted. She was unable to wait to have it removed on that occasion. She therefore returned 2 days later by which time the discomfort had increased and she could feel the proximal end just under the skin surface. (excerpt)
Parton confinement: A different perspective

Partons (quarks) are unobservable, it is suggested, because they have no well-defined rest-massconcept.
Phytoplankton distribution along the eastern coast of the USA. I. Phytoplankton composition

The composition of phytoplankton and the general distribution patterns of the major taxonomic groups are discussed for the eastern coastal waters of the USA. A species list of 609 phytoplankters is given with dominant cold- and warm-water forms noted along the coast. The ubiquitous species along the east coast were Skeletonema costatum, Thalassionema nitzschioides, and Coccolithus huxleyi.
Identification of an antibody fragment specific for androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer is the most-diagnosed non-skin cancer among males in the US, and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Current methods of treatment and diagnosis are not specific for the disease. This work identified an antibody fragment that binds selectively to a molecule on the surface of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells but not benign prostatic cells. Antibody fragment identification was achieved using a library screening and enrichment strategy. A library of 109 yeast-displayed human non-immune antibody fragments was enriched for those that bind to androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, but not to benign prostatic cells or purified prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Seven rounds of panning and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) screening yielded one antibody fragment identified from the enriched library. This molecule, termed HiR7.8, has a low-nanomolar equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and high specificity for androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Antibody fragment screening from a yeast-displayed library has yielded one molecule with high affinity and specificity. With further pre-clinical development, it is hoped that the antibody fragment identified using this screening strategy will be useful in the specific detection of prostate cancer and in targeted delivery of therapeutic agents for increased efficacy and reduced side effects.
Using a priori structural information from magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the feasibility of prostate diffuse optical tomography and spectroscopy: A simulation study

Implementation of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) for prostate cancer is challenging because the prostate is a deep-seated organ. We investigated whether diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and spectroscopy could be applied to monitor the physiology of prostate cancer using a small probe that could be placed endorectally. We manually segmented the prostate, the intraprostatic tumor, and the rectum using data from endorectal magnetic resonance imaging. These structures were reconstructed and meshed with tetrahedral finite elements in three dimensions. A 2 × 4 cm probe that has ten sources and 52 detectors were placed to face the anterior wall of the rectum in our simulation. Optical properties of the organs were obtained from the literature in the near infrared regime. Diffusion approximation was used to simulate photon migration with finite element method. Five wavelengths were used to simulate tissue absorption with realistic water, oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin concentrations in the prostate. We combined a global search based on genetic algorithm with gradient-driven local search methods to fit the simulated data. Our results suggest that the optical properties and the concentrations of the chromophores of the prostate and the prostate cancer can be reliably recovered from the measurements using an endorectal probe. Prostate DOT is worth further investigation for clinical application.
Efficient query routing by improved peer description in P2P networks

Peer-to-peer file-sharing systems commonly use the set-of-terms model to describe succinctly a peer's shared file set: the union of the terms in the share files. This information is used to guide query routing decisions. The problem with this model, however, is that it falsely suggests term co-occurrences that do not exist in any single file. Consequently, queries get routed erroneously to peers that have no matching files, wasting network and computation resources in the process. We reduce the amount of co-occurrence errors by partitioning each peer's file set and representing the peer as several file partitions instead of one. Experimental evidence demonstrates that it is possible to reduce the network traffic between neighbors by up to 60% at virtually no cost.
Paradoxical Lateralization of Parasagittal Sharp Waves in a Patient with Epilepsia Partialis Continua

Summary: We present a patient with epilepsia partialis continua involving the right leg who demonstrated sharp waves paradoxically distributed over the vertex and right hemisphere. Posterior tibial nerve evoked potentials also showed a similar paradoxical lateralization. We postulate that generators situated on the mesial surface of the left hemisphere projected their activity obliquely, leading to paradoxical lateralization of the recorded electrical activity. RESUME Nous presentons un patient ayant une epilepsie partielle continue qui interessait la jambe droite et chez qui l'on mettait en evidence des “sharp waves” localisees de facon paradoxal sur le vertex et l'hemisphere droit. Les potentiels evoques du nerf tibial posterieur montraient aussi une lateralisation paradoxale. Nous faisons l-hypothese que les generateurs situes sur la face mesiale de l'hemisphere gauche projetaient leur aclivite obliquement, conduisant a la lateralisation paradoxale des activites electriques enregistrees. RESUMEN Se presenta un pacienta con epilepsia parcial continua afectando a la pierna derecha que presentaba ondas agudas distribuidas de modo paradojico en el vertex y en el hemisferio derecho. Los potenciales evocados tras estimulos del nervio tibial posterior tambien demostraron una lateralizacion paradojica similar. Nosotros postulamos que ciertos generadores situados en la superficie medial del hemisferio izquierdo proyectan su actividad oblicuamente lo que conduce a una lateralizacion paradojica de la actividad electrica registrada. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Wir berichten uber einen Patienten mit Epilepsia partialis continua, die das rechte Bein betraf. Der Patient zeigte sharp waves die paradoxerweise uber dem Vertex und der rechten Hemisphare auftraten. Evozierte Potentiale vom N. tibialis posterior zeigten ebenfalls eine paradoxe Lateralisation. Wir folgern, das Generatoren, die an der mesialen Oberflache der linken Hemisphare sitzen ihre Aktivitat so projezieren, das sie zur paradoxen Lateralisation fuhrt.
Lattice routing: A 4D routing scheme for multiradio multichannel ad hoc networks

An efficient channel assignment strategy ensures capacity maximization in a multiradio, multichannel ad hoc network. Existing mechanisms either use a static channel assignment or a centralized process intensive system that assigns channels to individual nodes. These are not effective in a dynamic environment with multiple flows that are active at different time instants. The protocol proposed in this work (Lattice routing) manages channels of the radios for the different nodes in the network using information about current channel conditions and adapts itself to varying traffic patterns in order to efficiently use the multiple channels. Further the protocol uses multipathing, a key mechanism that is found to alleviate bottlenecks present in single path routes in such an environment. Results indicate that Lattice routing consistently outperforms it closest competitor ((MCR) Kyasanur and Vaidya (2006) [1]) across a large number of experiments.
Knowledge has legs: personal knowledge strategies shape the future of knowledge work and knowledge management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to mobilize organizations to look at knowledge management through the lens of the individuals whose knowledge they covet and to seek to leverage in order to establish a faster, more flexible and mutually supportive conduit to relevant knowledge and more sustainable knowledge contributions.Design/methodology/approach – This is a discussion paper based on the authors' recent dissertation thesis: “A theoretical model of knowledge strategies for professionals in volatile business settings”.Findings – Organizations can no longer promise lifelong employment even to their best employees. Striving to safeguard employability instead, organizations and individuals can recalibrate the contributive value of their knowledge in a mutually‐ beneficial way even in short‐term, medium‐term or highly volatile employment settings. The resulting bottom‐up approach for managing personal knowledge reduces the friction and mistrust often associated with top‐down knowledge management. It set...
On computing all suboptimal alignments

Abstract Naor and Brutlag [D. Naor, D. Brutlag, Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Combinational Pattern Matching, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 684 (1993) 179–196] proposed a new compact representation for suboptimal alignments. The kernel of that representation is a minimal directed acyclic graph (DAG) containing all suboptimal alignments. In this paper, a flexible space-saving scheme for computing such a DAG is proposed. In spite of the need for storing the DAG, these methods require very little additional working space. For two sequences of lengths M and M ( M ⩽ N ), the general scheme runs in O( MN log(1/ gU )) time and O( M ϒ ( M + N ) space for arbitrarily small 0 ϒ MN log log M ) using only O( N ) space. A variant of the method restricts the log log M factor to affect only grid points lying between suboptimal alignments. It is also shown that a running time of O( MN ) can be achieved by using only O( M 1+ e + N ) space for arbitrarily small constant e > 0. To exploit the computed DAG, a variant of Aho-Corasick pattern matching machine [A.V. Aho, M.J. Corasick, Comm. ACM 18 (1975) 333–340] is employed to locate all occurrences of specified patterns, and then a path is found in the DAG that maximizes the sum of the scores of the non-overlapping patterns occurring in it. An example illustrates the utility.
Molecular and expression analysis of complement component C5 in the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) and its predicted functional role

We present the complete cDNA sequence of shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) pro-C5 and its molecular characterization with a descriptive analysis of the structural elements necessary for its potential functional role as a potent mediator of inflammation (fragment C5a) and initiator molecule (fragment C5b) for the assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) upon activation by C5 convertase. In mammals the three complement activation cascades, the classical, alternative and lectin pathways, converge at the activation of C3, a pivotal complement protein. It is, however, the subsequent activation of the next complement component, C5, which is the focal point at which the initiation of the terminal lytic pathway takes place and involves the stepwise assembly of the MAC. The effector cytolytic function of complement occurs with the insertion of MAC into target membranes causing dough-nut like holes and cell leakage. The lytic activity of shark complement results in structurally similar holes in target membranes suggesting the assembly of a shark MAC that likely involves a functional analogue of C5. The composition of shark MAC remains unresolved and to date conclusive evidence has been lacking for shark C5. The gene has not been cloned nor has the serum protein been characterized for any elasmobranch species. This report is the first to confirm the presence of C5 homologue in the shark. GcC5 is remarkably similar to human C5 in overall structure and domain arrangement. The GcC5 cDNA measured 5160-bp with 5' and 3' UTRs of 35 bp and 79 bp, respectively. Structural analysis of the derived protein sequence predicts a molecule that is a two-chain structure which lacks a thiolester bond and contains a C5 convertase cleavage site indicating that activation will generate two peptides, akin to C5b and C5a. The putative GcC5 molecule also contains the C-terminal C345C/Netrin module that characterizes C3, C4 and C5. Multiple alignment of deduced amino acid sequences shows that GcC5 shares more amino acid identities/similarities with mammals than that with bony fish. We conclude that at the time of emergence of sharks the elaborate mosaic structure of C5 had already evolved.
A duopoly model of pricing for inventory liquidation

Abstract We consider the problem of pricing to liquidate inventory in a duopoly. The problem is modelled as a game with complete information. The unique Nash equilibrium for the game, which is also sequential, involves mixed strategies for the sellers. The equilibrium extends in a limited fashion to multi-period and many-seller situations.
Zooplankton impacts on chlorophyll and transparency in Onondaga Lake, New York, USA

The transparency of polluted, hypereutrophic Onondaga Lake, New York, USA has improved substantially in the late 1980’s as a result of reductions in phytoplankton biomass, in the absence of significant reductions in external phosphorus loading. Much of this improvement has been due to the occurrence of clearing events, e.g. sudden and dramatic increases in transparency. Field measurements, laboratory experiments, and modelling analyses were utilized to identify processes regulating phytoplankton standing crop during the spring to fall interval of 1987. Changes in the zooplankton community documented over the past decade support the conclusion that increased zooplankton grazing has contributed to improvements in transparency. Herbivores now represent a greater fraction of the zooplankton population and more efficient cladocerans are present in greater numbers. Biomanipulation practices, e.g. reestablishment of piscivorous species, designed to reduce the abundance of planktivorous fish species in Onondaga Lake, may serve to reduce pressure on the grazing community and thus result in further improvements in transparency.
A critique of the contributions of immunoperoxidase cytochemistry to our understanding of pituitary cell function, as illustrated by our current studies of gonadotropes, corticotropes and endogenous pituitary GnRH and TRH.

The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique has been used to study sites of pituitary hormone storage and binding. Some recent findings from our laboratory show that the technique can make intriguing contributions to our understanding of pituitary cell function. In serial ulbra-thin sections, one can identify two or three hormones in a given cell. During pre-pubertal development, gonadotropes may contain adrenocorticotropin immunoreactivity. Brain releasing hormones may be stored or sequestered in granules of cells they stimulate. This report includes a discussion andcritique of our recent findings and interpretations which must be considered before one draws any conclusions about their biological significance.
Self-Assembled Complexes of Horseradish Peroxidase with Magnetic Nanoparticles Showing Enhanced Peroxidase Activity

Bio-nanocatalysts (BNCs) consisting of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) self-assembled with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) enhance enzymatic activity due to the faster turnover and lower inhibition of the enzyme. The size and magnetization of the MNPs affect the formation of the BNCs, and ultimately control the activity of the bound enzymes. Smaller MNPs form small clusters with a low affinity for the HRP. While the turnover for the bound fraction is drastically increased, there is no difference in the H2O2 inhibitory concentration. Larger MNPs with a higher magnetization aggregate in larger clusters and have a higher affinity for the enzyme and a lower substrate inhibition. All of the BNCs are more active than the free enzyme or the MNPs (BNCs > HRP ≫ MNPs). Since the BNCs show surprising resilience in various reaction conditions, they may pave the way towards new hybrid biocatalysts with increased activities and unique catalytic properties for magnetosensitive enzymatic reactions.
Temporal Constraints in Linear Scheduling with Singularity Functions: Case of Calendarization

AbstractConstruction managers must develop and implement their plans to satisfy numerous constraints, many of which are related to time. Developing realistic schedules and integrating other essenti...
On normal radical extensions of the rationals

(1975). On normal radical extensions of the rationals. Linear and Multilinear Algebra: Vol. 3, No. 1-2, pp. 73-80.
Anharmonic ground state selection in the pyrochlore antiferromagnet

In the pyrochlore lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet, for large spin length $S$, the massive classical ground state degeneracy is partly lifted by the zero-point energy of quantum fluctuations at harmonic order in spin waves. However, there remains an infinite manifold of degenerate collinear ground states, related by a gaugelike symmetry. We have extended the spin-wave calculation to quartic order, assuming a Gaussian variational wave function (equivalent to Hartree-Fock approximation). Quartic calculations do break the harmonic-order degeneracy of periodic ground states. The form of the effective Hamiltonian describing this splitting, which depends on loops, was fitted numerically and also rationalized analytically. We find a family of states that are still almost degenerate, being split by the term from loops of length 26. We also calculated the anharmonic terms for the checkerboard lattice, and discuss why it (as well as the kagom\'e lattice) behave differently than the pyrochlore at anharmonic orders.
Cloning of the yeast ATP3 gene coding for the gamma-subunit of F1 and characterization of atp3 mutants.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae pet mutants, of complementation group G115, are deficient in mitochondrial ATPase and have properties indicative of defective F1. In this study we show that C287/LU1, a mutant belonging to group G115, is complemented by the yeast nuclear ATP3 gene coding for the gamma-subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase. The amino-terminal sequence of the mature gamma-subunit matches the sequence encoded by ATP3 starting with the 34th amino acid confirming the identity of the gene, and earlier evidence indicating that this F1 component is synthesized as a precursor with a long amino-terminal extension. The properties of the mitochondrial ATPase have been studied in C287/LU1 with an Ala273–>Val substitution in the carboxyl-terminal region of the gamma-subunit and in W303 delta ATP3, a mutant lacking the gamma-subunit as a result of a deletion in ATP3. Both strains have negligible ATPase activity but near normal concentrations of the alpha- and beta-subunits of F1. In W303 delta ATP3, the subunits do not form a stable F1 oligomer nor are they firmly associated with F0. This is not true of C287/LU1, which was found to assemble an F1-F0 complex. These data indicate that the yeast gamma-subunit has dual functions, one in catalysis of ATP hydrolysis/synthesis and the second in assembly/stability of F1.
Dynamic Stability of Cylindrical Shells under Static and Periodic Axial and Radial Loads

Several cases of the dynamic stability problem for cylinders are solved explicitly. Various combinations of the static and periodic radial and axial loads are considered. The regions of instability and stability are established directly in terms of the geometry of the cylinder, load intensity, and frequency. All the numerical results obtained here tend to indicate that a cylinder designed according to the static buckling load can withstand an additional periodic load. It was found that the ratio of additional periodic load to the static buckling load was greater for a thin cylinder than for a thicker cylinder of the same radius. It also was found that the resistance of a cylinder to loads in excess of the static buckling load increases with increasing frequency of loading. Nomenclature A, B = seeEq. (11) a, b,e,f= see Eq. (7) a», bi = see Eq. (14) C = viscous damping coefficient D = Eh*/12(l - v 2) E = Young's modulus g = seeEq.^4) h = shell thickness i = number of half waves in the axial direction k = number of waves in the circumferential direction / = length of the cylinder n = iirr/l Ni, Nz = finite axial and circumferential compressive membrane forces NQ, P0 = applied axial load and radial pressure, Eq. (7) NCT, Pcr — classical buckling axial load and radial pressure of a long cylinder, Eq. (11) P3 = static buckling pressure for a finite cylinder with
Effect of stress on dopant and defect diffusion in Si: A general treatment

We present a theoretical treatment of the effect of stress on dopant and defect diffusion in Si. A prior treatment [P. H. Dederichs and K. Schroeder, Phys. Rev. B $17,$ 2524 (1978)] of vacancy diffusion in strained fcc metals is extended to include more general defects and crystallinity. The new method is applied to two examples in Si: (1) a vacancy, including Jahn-Teller distortions, and (2) a B-I pair. Both are predicted to show isotropic diffusion for (100) grown uniaxially strained film, but strong anisotropic diffusion for (111) films.
Incorporation of Radioactive Phosphorus (P32) in Cock Sperm

Abstract The mature male gamete produced by a cock is a cell consisting essentially of a very compact nucleus provided with a flagellum and a small amount of cytoplasm. The nucleus contains the genetic material which is composed of four different nucleotides united end to end to form deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Also in the cell is found ribonucleic acid (RNA). Both DNA and RNA contain one molecule of phosphoric acid for each nucleotide present. This probably accounts for the great percentage of the phosphorus present in the sperm. Phosphorus is also present in some proteins and in cell fluids for enzymatic functions. The following study was made to determine the possibility of “tagging” sperm with radioactive phosphorus (P32), the time required for tagged spermatozoa to develop, beginning at the stage of active sex cell reproduction, probably at spermatogenesis, and the location and distribution of P32 in the cell and the probability …
Conformational search using a molecular dynamics–minimization procedure: Applications to clusters of coulombic charges, Lennard–Jones particles, and waters

A new conformational search method, molecular dynamics–minimization (MDM), is proposed, which combines a molecular dynamics sampling strategy with energy minimizations in the search for low-energy molecular structures. This new method is applied to the search for low energy configurations of clusters of coulombic charges on a unit sphere, Lennard–Jones clusters, and water clusters. The MDM method is shown to be efficient in finding the lowest energy configurations of these clusters. A closer comparison of MDM with alternative conformational search methods on Lennard–Jones clusters shows that, although MDM is not as efficient as the Monte Carlo–minimization method in locating the global energy minima, it is more efficient than the diffusion equation method and the method of minimization from randomly generated structures. Given the versatility of the molecular dynamics sampling strategy in comparison to Monte Carlo in treating molecular complexes or molecules in explicit solution, one anticipates that the MDM method could be profitably applied to conformational search problems where the number of degrees of freedom is much greater. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 60–70, 1998
Myxopapillary ependymoma and fatty filum in an adult with tethered cord syndrome: a shared embryological lesion? Case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Myxopapillary ependymoma and fatty fila are traditionally thought to arise via completely different pathophysiologies. Recognition of these distinct pathologies in the same patient is important for appropriate treatment and prognosis. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old woman presented with low back pain, bilateral leg radiculopathies, and mild leg weakness suggestive of tethered cord syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the area of the conus medullaris consistent with a myxopapillary ependymoma and fatty filum. INTERVENTION: Under the surveillance of intraoperative electromyographic monitoring, the patient underwent an L4-S2 laminectomy for transection of the fatty filum and gross total resection of the mass. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of these two distinct pathologies. CONCLUSION: We report an unusual case of a myxopapillary ependymoma coexisting with a fatty filum in an adult patient. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not yet been reported. This raises the interesting question of a possible associative or causative relationship between these distinct pathologies, which have traditionally been thought to arise from different mechanisms.
College guidance counselor (abstract only)

An expert system for choosing a college has been developed using the INSIGHT 2+ rule-based tool on an AT-compatible microcomputer. This expert system uses three categories in the selection process: admissions data, including SAT score and class rank; the desired major; and personal preferences. The system uses the information to narrow down a list of colleges. At each stage, the user is given the option either to reduce the list through more questions or to choose directly from the list. The user can request various information about the colleges on the final list. Design and implementation issues will be discussed including a comparison with a database-oriented design alternative.
Evaluation of Preoperative Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer Using a Prognostic Nomogram

Theoretical benefits of preoperative chemoradiation therapy (preop CRT) for pancreatic cancer include improved efficacy, resectability, and patient selection. The goal of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a nomogram, which was developed for patients undergoing resection without preop CRT and which incorporates several post-resection pathological factors, to a population of patients who received preop CRT prior to resection. From 1994 to 2004, 82 patients with biopsy-proven, radiographically localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head underwent preop CRT followed by pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD); 50 concurrent patients underwent PD without preop CRT. Mean nomogram-predicted disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were compared with observed DSS rates from the time of resection. Despite having more locally advanced tumors on initial staging (21 vs. 8%; P < .05), patients who received preop CRT had smaller resected tumors (mean 2.3 vs. 3.1 cm; P < .01), were less likely to have T3 tumors (54 vs. 80%, P < .01), were less likely to have positive lymph nodes (29 vs. 58%, P < .01), and had fewer positive lymph nodes (mean .4 vs. 1.9, P < .01), all factors that imply treatment effect and favorably impact on nomogram-predicted DSS. Observed DSS was similar to predicted DSS in both groups. The similarity in observed and predicted DSS following resection in patients who received preop CRT suggests that the effects of preop CRT—whether treatment, selection, or no effect—are reflected by the nomogram. The ability of the nomogram to evaluate the effects of preop CRT on survival is limited by the potential effects of preop CRT on factors within the nomogram.
Egg Deposition by Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia : Substrate Utilization and Comparison of Natural and Altered Shoreline Type

Egg deposition by the intertidal spawning fish Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) was compared among six shoreline types (Spartina alterniflora, Phragmites australis, sandy beach, riprap, riprap-sill, and bulkhead) and various substrates. In spring 2010, M. menidia egg density was measured daily near Roosevelt Inlet, Delaware Bay, USA. Over 3,000,000 eggs were collected during 50 sampling days. Eggs were deposited at all six shoreline types, with >93 % of eggs collected from S. alterniflora shorelines. Choice of substrate for egg attachment was similar across shoreline types with >91 % of eggs collected from filaments of the green alga Enteromorpha spp., a disproportionately high utilization rate in comparison with Enteromorpha spp.'s relative coverage. This study demonstrates that S. alterniflora shoreline, in association with Enteromorpha spp., is the preferred spawning habitat for M. menidia and that hardened shorelines and shorelines inhabited by P. australis support substantially reduced egg densities.
Morphology of nylon 6/polypropylene blends compatibilized with maleated polypropylene

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the morphology of blends of nylon 6 and polypropylene (PP) containing various maleated polypropylenes (PP-g-MA). The size of the dispersed polypropylene particles decreases as the content of maleic anhydride in the PP-g-MA increases for binary blends of nylon 6 and the maleated polypropylenes. Ternary blends of nylon 6, PP, and PP-g-MA show morphologies that depend on the content of maleic anhydride of the PP-g-MA and on the miscibility of PP and PP-g-MA. Blends where PP and PP-g-MA are immiscible show a bimodal distribution of particle sizes. Miscibility of the PP and PP-g-MA was determined by TEM using a special staining technique. Experimental observations of miscibility were further corroborated by thermodynamic calculations. The morphology of the ternary blends was also found to be dependent on the ratio of PP/PP-g-MA. By changing this ratio it was possible to induce drastic changes of morphology, going from a continuous nylon 6 phase to a continuous PP phase at a fixed composition. The mechanical properties of these blends were found to be dependent on their morphology. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
THE RORSCHACH TEST: A PERCEPTUAL BIAS.

In response to an earlier article in which “Disbelief in the Rorschach as a perceptual test” is expressed, it is argued that the Rorschach falls in the class of experimental situations called “perceptual” despite alternative methods of categorizing responses.
Assay of DNA-RNA hybrids by S1 nuclease digestion and adsorption to DEAE-cellulose filters

Abstract A fast and accurate assay procedure for DNA-RNA hybrids is described in which exhaustive digestion of unhybridized DNA with S1 nuclease is followed by binding of hybrids to filter discs of DEAE-cellulose. The digested DNA can be efficiently washed from the filters so that background levels of 0.1-0.2% of input tracer DNA can be achieved, in contrast to the much higher (approximately 1-5%) backgrounds obtained using TCA precipitation procedures. Short duplexes, as small as 36 nucleotides in length, which are inefficiently bound to hydroxyapatite, are quantitatively bound to the DEAE-cellulose filters.
Places for digital ecosystems, digital ecosystems in places

The relationships between the concepts of "cyberspace" and "digital ecosystem" are presented based on a four-dimensional approach to the concepts of space and place. We contend that "cyberspace" is a spatial metaphor for the familiar places in the digital environment; and we argue that a "digital ecosystem" is neither a synonym for cyberspace nor an abstraction of certain features of digital environments in general. Rather, "cyberspace" and "digital ecosystem" are overlapping and mutually complementary concepts. This complementary relationship leads to an intertwining of their definitions and points to communicative, cooperative and compatible principles for the design of interactive systems that are practically operationalized in the dimension of shape, structure, context, and experience.
Schistosoma mansoni: long-term culture of in vitro derived schistosomula.

Abstract In vitro derived schistosomula were cultured under various conditions. Variables tested included concentration of organisms, type of culture vessel, frequency of media change, time of erythrocyte addition, antibiotic levels, heated vs unheated serum in the media, and fresh vs stored serum or erythrocytes. No differences were observed between cultures changed every 3 or every 7 days, but worm growth and development were retarded when the culture medium was changed every 2 weeks. Organisms cultured without changing the medium for 3 weeks did not survive. High levels of antibiotics also inhibited growth and resulted in increased mortality. None of the other factors tested resulted in remarkable differences between groups. Some cultures lived for as long as 69 days, and pairing of adult worms was observed as early as 55 days. Most of the cultures, however, were lost before that time from the outgrowth of contaminants which were probably present in the cultures from the outset.
Investigation of an electron-photon cascade of more than 1013 eV

A very dense cascade shower was fouud in a 200-sheet stack of 60 x 30-cm nuclear emulsions exposed in Texas above 110,000 ft and is ascribed to a single gamma ray or two gamma rays from the same pi /sup 0/ meson. This cascade, very near to the shower axis and before the cascade maximum, is treated as a pure electron-photon cascade and is analyzed by target diagrams made at varying distances from the shower origin. The distribution of the high-energy electrons in the cascade agrees with the predictions of cascade theory, the primary energy being 2.3 x 1O/sup 13/ ev for the best fit. (D.L.C.)
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of pyridine and thiophenol on non‐aqueous colloidal copper

Surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectra of pyridine and thiophenol on a copper colloid prepared in isopropanol were obtained. Aggregation of the colloid, which occurs only slowly in the presence of adsorbates, was found to be essential to the detection of SER spectral features with excitation at 660 nm. As with aqueous copper sols, thiophenol was found to adsorb more strongly than pyridine to the copper surface. However, both adsorbates required greater concentrations in the bulk solution than for aqueous systems in order for SER features to be observed.
CEREBRAL, CEREBELLAR, AND BRAIN STEM GANGLIOSIDES IN MICE SUSCEPTIBLE TO AUDIOGENIC SEIZURES

— The quantitative and qualitative distribution of gangliosides was investigated in the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem of audiogenic seizure resistant (C57BL/6J) and susceptible (DBA/2J) mice at 21 days of age. The concentration of gangliosides (μg/unit weight) was higher in the DBA cerebrum and brain stem, but lower in the DBA cerebellum compared to the concentration in C57 mice. In general, the brain water content was lower in DBA mice than in C57 mice. The distributions of a number of gangliosides were found to be different between the two strains and the differences were often in the same direction across the three brain regions. The most consistant and significant difference in ganglioside pattern observed between the strains was the higher concentration of GM1 in all three regions of the DBA brain. These results suggest that DBA mice have a more heavily myelinated CNS than C57 mice. The relationship of these observations to inherent audiogenic seizure susceptibility is discussed.
Comparing registration techniques for digital subtraction radiography

The study described in this paper presents a new imaging geometry based on the correspondence of 3D structures. It can be used to establish correspondence between pairs of clinical images taken at different proj ection angles and to produce reconstructed images comparable with images taken with mechanical devices.
International perspectives: USA/Hawaii

Most of the factors that underlie Hawaii's current healthcare system were in place by 1950. Many of its healthcare features were shaped during the period from the eighth century AD until the revolution in 1893. Early chiefs made care available for the entire population through specially trained kahunas, or priests, who specialized in healing. There was a uniform, seamless healthcare system. The historical legacy, which came through from the early days, fostered the existence and acceptance of group and salaried practice by physicians, acceptance by employers of the responsibility to provide healthcare to workers, capitated payments to providers, focus on outpatient services, and historically short hospital lengths of stay. The success of Hawaii's system is rooted in its past. Whether other states could or should adopt Hawaii's system is conjectural. In Hawaii healthcare reform is not a new paradigm but rather an evolutionary phenomenon.