cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary amine coding as a path to comparative proteomics

Various isotope coding strategies are being used today in the field of comparative proteomics. This article specifically reviews the strengths and limitations of various N-termini-directing strategies. N-termini-directed coding strategy allows for use of different chromatographic enrichment techniques. Since N-termini-directed coding strategies are global in nature, they can be utilized in studying PTMs as well as protein expression. Using different N-termini-directed coding strategies, both relative and absolute quantification of proteins can be achieved either in the MS mode or in the MS/MS mode. The review ends with the conclusion that significant improvements have been made in the last decade. Among various issues, a need still exists for a better understanding of the kinetic issues in proteomics, relative protein pool sizes for different proteins and the issue of stimulus-induced changes in protein aggregation. Another critical issue that needs to be addressed in great detail is the role of PTMs in regulation.
Comparison of the E-test and conventional agar dilution methods for susceptibility testing of gram-negative anaerobic rods

Abstract The E test was used to determine the susceptibility of 209 anaerobic Gram-negative rods to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and cefoxitin. Minimum inhibitory (MICs) were read where growth intersected the strips or where the upper indentation intersected the strips for β-lactamase inhibitor-containing strips. Reference MICs were performed by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method. Organisms tested consisted of 117 Bacteroides fragilis group, 24 fusobacteria, and 68 other species (mainly Prevotella species). Agreement of MICs by both methods occurred in 33.4% of cases; 80.8% were within one, 99.0% were within two, and 99.95% were within three doubling dilutions apart. E-test results, expressed as MIC 50 /MIC 90 values (μg/ml), were as follows: ampicillin: 16/>256; amoxicillin-clavulanate (2:1), 0.5/4; ticarcillin, 16/>256; ticarcillin-clavulanate (2 μg/ml), 0.5/4; piperacillin, 16/>256; piperacillin-tazobactam (4 μg/ ml), 18; piperacillinn-tazobactam (8:1), 28; cefoxitin, 864; clindamycin, 0.25/4; and chloramphenicol, 28. Conventional MIC methodology yielded MIC 50 s and MIC 90 s either identical to, or within one doubling dilution of, E-test results. Percentages of strains susceptible varied by s [3%] between the two methods, except for cefoxitin (E test 5.2% lower). Based on these results, the E test is an accurate and practical method for use with the agents and organisms evaluated.
Overview and Actual Understanding of the Electron Cloud Effect and Instabilities in the Future Linear Colliders

The electron cloud is potentially an important effect in linear colliders. Many of the effects have been evaluated. Actions to suppress the electron cloud are required for the GLC/NLC positron main damping ring (MDR or DR) and the low emittance transport lines as well as for the TESLA damping ring. There is an ongoing R&D program studying a number of possible remedies to reduce the secondary electron yield below that required.
Permanents and determinants with generic noncommuting entries

This paper studies some basic combinatorial properties of matrix functions of generic matrices. A generic matrix is one with entries from a free associative algebra, over a field, and on a finite set of non-commuting variables (i.e. a tensor algebra). The principal tools are shuffle products. Generic column and row permanents are defined and analogs of the Laplace and Cauchy-Binet theorems are derived in terms of shuffles. In this setting, the generic permanents include as special cases all of the classical matrix functions: Schur matrix functions, determinants, and permanents. 1980 Mathematics Classification 05, 15. Keywords: Shuffle product, generic matrix functions, minor expansions, Laplace Expansion Theorem, Cauchy-Binet Theorem, permanents, determinants, tensor algebra, matrices with non-commuting entries.
Potential solution to the cool tropics paradox

The “cool tropics paradox” has been a thorn in the side of paleoclimate researchers, who draw on diverse techniques to improve their estimates of ancient climates. For the early Paleogene, between approximately 56 million and 49 million years ago, atmospheric reconstructions hint at a world much warmer than present, yet estimates of tropical sea surface temperatures determined by looking at the shells of foraminifera— a type of marine plankton—skew low, falling below present values. Throughout their lives, foramanifera form a calcium carbonate shell that records chemical parameters of the ambient seawater, and analyzing the oxygen isotope ratios in preserved shells is one of the dominant methods of estimating ancient ocean temperatures. Recently, however, researchers have found that posthumous alteration can displace the original biological structures, changing the oxygen isotope ratio and presenting a potential explanation for the source of the cool tropics paradox.
Hypertext Learning Environments, Cognitive Flexibility, and the Transfer of Complex Knowledge: An Empirical Investigation:

Although the use of hypertext systems for learning complex knowledge has been attracting recent attention, we currently have poor theoretical and research perspectives from which to understand spec...
Quantitative Determination of Intermediary Metabolism of Heme Biosynthesis

Abstract A sensitive procedure has been developed for the determination of the intermediary metabolites of heme biosynthesis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The method requires a pre-treatment of the reversed phase C18 column with a binary mobile phase containing 0.1 M NaH2PO4 in methanol (18:30, v/v, pH 5.3). The separation of the intermediates including Uro-, Hepta-, Hexa-, Penta-, Copro-, Meso-, Proto- and Zinc-protoporphyrin, is complete with a ternary mobile phase containing 0.1 M NaH2PO4 in methanol and tetrahydrofuran (18:30:16, v/v/v, pH 5.3). The detection limit of the method is in the subpicomole range for the porphyrins. It is an efficient and reproducible method for the simultaneous determination of Zn-protoporphyrin and the intermediary metabolites of heme biosynthesis. The method was applied to study the intermediary metabolites of heme biosynthesis in blood.
A simple window glass design chart

Abstract A recently published ASTM standard outlines procedures for determining the strength of glass products used in buildings as windows and cladding. The new standard uses structural mechanics relationships to define the strength of a wide range of products, including monolithic glass, laminated glass and insulating glass. While the new standard is thorough and accurate, it is also complex. The authors offer a simple approach to the design of these glass products that applies to most building conditions, leaving only the exceptions to be treated by the complex process.
New taxa and combinations in Protium Burm. f. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae VI

Revision ofProtium in eastern Amazonia and the Guianas yielded one new section, three new species, three new subspecies, and five new combinations in the genus. SectionSarcoprotium Daly is distinguished principally by the cucullate petals with clawed bases and usually with a dorsal thickening produced vertically as an appendage; staminate inflorescences with a few 3-merous flowers; thecae of the anthers completely separated by the connective and the dehiscence latero-introrse; and fruit ellipsoid when only one pyrene develops.
Formulation of electro-chemico-osmotic processes in soils

Electrokinetic techniques have been used for various purposes including consolidation of soils, dewatering of sludges, and hazardous waste remediation among others. Estimating the feasibility of employing electro-osmosis in a particular operation depends on the ability to predict the outcome under a variety of conditions. Predictions of this type are frequently facilitated by the use of a mathematical model designed to represent the physical system under consideration in a rigorous fashion. First, a review of fundamental aspects of electro-chemico-osmotic flow in soils is presented. Following a brief outline of previous studies, identification and quantification of the significant processes, and the construction of mathematical representations are given. This is achieved using an approach based on the macroscopic conservation of mass equations and the principle of a continuum, in contrast to an approach based on the irreversible thermodynamics of coupled flows. Special emphasis is given to coupling effects on transport processes. A complete model and associated boundary conditions are then obtained for electrokinetic processes in a compressible porous medium. The proposed model takes into consideration the migration of a contaminant plume in a flow field generated by an applied electric potential.
Global structures of IgG isotypes expressing identical variable regions.

Until relatively recently the immunoglobulin molecule was viewed as composed of two independent domains comprised of the variable (V) and constant (C) regions. However, recent work has established that the C region mediates allosteric changes in the V region that can influence specificity and affinity. To further explore cross-domain interrelationship in murine IgG structure we carried out solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements for four V region identical IgG isotypes. SAXS analysis revealed elongated Y-shaped structures in solution with significantly different, isotype-dependent domain orientations. To further explore local C region effects on the V region, the IgG3 Fab crystal structure from the same family was determined to 2.45 A resolution. The IgG3 Fab crystal structure differs from a closely related previously solved IgG1 Fab revealing significant structural differences, which may account for isotype-related specificity differences in V region identical Abs. Among the four murine isotypes, IgG3 was the most different in solution with regards to overall structure as well as aggregate formation in solution suggesting that the greater apparent affinity of this isotype resulted from polyvalent complexes with enhanced avidity. Our results provide additional evidence that Ig V and C domains influence each other structurally and suggest that V region structure can have significant effects on overall Ig structure.
The elastic behavior of linkages: An update

Abstract With the ever increasing speed requirements of machines, a thorough understanding of their elastic behavior becomes important. Because of this need, the number of publications which deal with linkage elasticity has increased considerably in the past few years. This paper updates previous literature surveys in this field by reviewing this recent work.
Leukopenia, a complication of chloromycetin therapy of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus.

Chloromycetin has recently been administered in the treatment of different types of lupus erythematosus. H. M. Robinson, Sr. (1) treated thirteen patients with the chronic discoid type; of these, five completely cleared, six improved, one showed no improvement, and one developed acute disseminated lupus erythematosus. Johnson, et al., (2) treated three cases of systemic lupus erythematosus without benefit. Hopkins (3) presented a case of subacute disseminated lupus erythematosus who had been treated with chloromycetin; the patient's temperature was normal thirteen days following the institution of treatment and the eruption faded. Cormia (4) stated that he had studied a patient with subacute lupus erythematosus who had been aggravated by chloramphenicol.
Tu1935 Paraneoplastic Thrombocytosis Independently Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Background and aims. Platelets are believed to promote tumor growth and metastasis but their prognostic role in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) remains largely unknown. We assessed whether pretreatment platelet counts independently predict survival outcomes in patients with LAPC treated with chemoradiation (CRT). Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the MD Anderson pancreatic cancer database and identifi ed 199 patients with LAPC treated with CRT between 2006 and 2012. Induction chemotherapy was used prior to consolidative CRT in 177 (89%) patients. Median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy. Concurrent radiosensitizers were gemcitabine-based (13%) or capecitabine-based (84%) regimens. Actuarial univariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to determine signifi cant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) calculated from the start of treatment. Results. Median follow-up was 9.9 months. Median OS and PFS durations were 17.7 and 10.7 months, respectively. On univariate analysis, platelet count 300 K/ μ l, KPS 80, 5% weight loss and pretreatment CA19-9 above the median were associated with inferior OS or PFS. Median OS was lower in patients with platelet count 300 K/ μ l compared to patients with platelet count 300 K/ μ l (10.2 vs. 19 months; p 0.0002). Corresponding median PFS times were 7.8 months and 11.1 months (p 0.004), respectively. On multivariate analysis, platelet count 300 K/ μ l (p 0.012), 5% weight loss (p 0.002) and elevated pretreatment CA19-9 (p 0.005) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Platelet count 300 K/ μ l (p 0.03) and KPS 80 (p 0.05) independently predicted PFS. Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that pretreatment thrombocytosis independently predicts inferior OS and PFS in LAPC.
Optimal waveform design for array imaging

We introduce and analyze several algorithms for optimal illumination in array imaging. We consider time reversal and Kirchhoff migration imaging in homogeneous media, in regimes where the signal-to-noise ratio is high (infinite). Extensions to coherent interferometric imaging in clutter are described briefly. We show with numerical simulations that the optimal illumination algorithms image selectively closely spaced point scatterers and extended scatterers with considerably better resolution than without the optimization. We analyze the imaging algorithms in the Fraunhofer diffraction regime for small and extended scatterers. Using the prolate spheroidal wavefunctions we also derive analytic expressions of optimal illuminations for imaging strips.
Fluctuation-induced conductivity of a superconductor above the transition temperature

Paraconductivity studies have been made on Al films in regimes of temperature and magnetic field strength, which allow a straightforward comparison with the theoretical predictions of Aslamazov and Larkin, Maki and Thompson, and Patton. The results of previous experiments in a variety of pair-breaking regimes are reviewed briefly and in some cases reinterpreted in the context of recent developments in the theory. A comprehensive interpretation of most of the existing data is possible if one considers both Patton's recent calculation and the role of thermal phonons.
MODIFICATION OF COMBINED MIGRAINE‐MUSCLE CONTRACTION HEADACHES USING BVP AND EMG FEEDBACK

The effect of blood volume pulse (BVP) and frontalis muscle action potential (EMG) feedback on control of vasoconstriction of the temporal artery and frontalis muscle activity in combined migraine-muscle tension subjects was investigated in a multiple baseline design (across subjects and responses). The data indicated: (a) both subjects obtained an ability to control BVP during BVP feedback and EMG during EMG feedback; (b) there were decreases in frequency of migraine headaches during BVP feedback and decreases in muscle contraction headaches during EMG feedback. The results of this study supported the theoretical explanation of two pain mechanisms involved in combined muscle contraction-migraine headaches as well as the effectiveness of bio-feedback procedures that target directly the specific pain mechanism in the elimination of the two types of head pain.
Energetics of glasses in the system diopside-anorthite-forsterite

Enthalpies of mixing in glasses in the experimentally accessible region of the system Di-An-Fo are generally less than 4 kJ/mol in magnitude. Enthalpies of mixing of liquids in this and in several other petrologically relevant melts are also small; thus, if magmas of different compositions mix isothermally, the heat released or absorbed can be neglected in any consideration of the thermal evolution of the magmas, unless melting or crystallization takes place. The enthalpy of vitrification of Mg2SiO4 (to form a hypothetical glass at 700°C) is estimated to be 61±4 kJ/mol, in contrast to the enthalpy of fusion at 1500°C, 89±12 kJ/mol (Navrotsky et al. 1989). This suggests an average difference in heat capacity (Δ Cp) between liquid and crystal of 35 J/K. mol, half that estimated by Ghiorso and Carmichael (1980, 1987).
Physiologic testosterone or estradiol induction of puberty increases plasma somatomedin-C.

defect in pseudohypoparathyroidism type I: reduced activity of receptor cyclase coupling protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:636 10. Farfel Z, Bourne HR: Deficient activity of receptor cyclase coupling protein in platelets of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:1202 11. Downs RW, Levine MA, Drezner NK, Burch WM, Spiegel AM: Deficient adenylate cyclase regulatory proteins in renal membranes fi'om a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism. J Clin Invest I983;71:231 12. Farfel Z, Brothers VM, Brickman AS, Conte F, Neer R, Bourne HR: Pseudohypoparathyroidism: inheritance of deficient receptor cyclase coupling activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981 ;78:3098
Exploring Feedback Models in Interactive Tagging

One of the cornerstones of the Social Web is informal user-generated metadata (or tags) for annotating web objects like pages, images, and videos. However, many real-world domains are currently left out of the social tagging phenomenon due to the lack of a wide-scale tagging-savvy audience -- domains like the personal desktop, enterprise intranets, and digital libraries. Hence in this paper, we propose a lightweight interactive tagging framework for providing high-quality tag suggestions for the vast majority of untagged content. One of the salient features of the proposed framework is its incorporation of user feedback for iteratively refining tag suggestions. Concretely, we describe and evaluate three feedback models -- Tag-Based, Term-Based, and Tag Co-location. Through extensive user evaluation and testing, we find that feedback can significantly improve tag quality with minimal user involvement.
Rheology and microstructure of concentrated suspensions

We give an overview of some of the experiments currently underway to study the coupling of the microstructure and rheology of concentrated suspensions. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, real-time x-ray radiography, and refractive index matching allow the viewing of particles in concentrated suspensions. Both shear flow experiments and falling ball rheometry are reviewed. In the slow flow of these suspensions of large, hard, particles in a viscous Newtonian fluid, colloidal forces are negligible and hydrodynamic forces dominate. Large local concentration changes are shown to occur rapidly in suspensions of uniform spheres subjected to flow between concentric rotating cylinders. Suspensions of spheres with a bimodal size distribution not only show similar phenomena, but also exhibit particle separation according to size. In addition, the large particles in the bimodal suspension migrate into ordered, concentric, cylindrical sheets, parallel to the axis of the cylinders. These sheets of particles rotate relative to each other. The particle migration and structure formation induced by this inhomogeneous shear flow is believed to be responsible for torque reductions and other anomalous behavior witnessed during the rheological testing of concentrated suspensions reported in the literature. Thus, suspensions may not always be characterized by a viscosity that is a scalar materialmore » property. Suspensions of fibers also show markedly different rheological properties when the particles are aligned by flow. Falling ball rheometry is shown to be an effective tool to determine the bulk viscosity of a suspension while only slightly influencing the microstructure. This is illustrated by showing that falling ball rheometry can isolate the effect of orientation on the viscosity of a suspension of fibers. 22 refs., 4 figs.« less
Ferroelectric PLZT films grown on metal foils for power electronics applications

Ceramic films of high permittivity and breakdown strength are critical to advanced power electronic devices. We have grown ferroelectric films of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) on base metal foils by chemical solution deposition. We measured a dielectric constant of ≈700 and dielectric loss of ≈0.07 at −50°C and a dielectric constant of ≈2200 and dielectric loss of ≈0.06 at 150°C. At room temperature, we measured a leakage current density of ≈6.6 × 10−9 A/cm2, mean breakdown strength of 2.6 MV/cm, and energy density >85 J/cm3. Highly accelerated lifetime testing (HALT) was performed to determine the reliability of these PLZT film-on-foil capacitors under high temperature and high field stress conditions. Samples were exposed to temperatures ranging from 100 to 150°C and electric fields ranging from 8.7 × 105 V/cm to 1.3 × 106 V/cm during HALT. The breakdown behavior of the samples was evaluated by Weibull analysis. The mean time to failure, >3000 h, was projected at 100°C with a dc electric field of ≈2.6 × 105 V/cm.
Static Electric-Spring and Nonlinear Oscillations

The author designed a family of nonlinear static electric-springs. The nonlinear oscillations of a massively charged particle under the influence of one such spring are studied. The equation of motion of the spring-mass system is highly nonlinear. Utilizing Mathematica [1] the equation of motion is solved numerically. The kinematics of the particle namely, its position, velocity and acceleration as a function of time, are displayed in three separate phase diagrams. Energy of the oscillator is analyzed. The nonlinear motion of the charged particle is set into an actual three-dimensional setting and animated for a comprehensive understanding.
Functional fusions of T4 lysozyme in the third intracellular loop of a G protein-coupled receptor identified by a random screening approach in yeast

The insertion of a stable soluble protein into loops of transmembrane proteins has proved to be a successful approach for enhancing their stabilities and crystallization, and may also be useful in contexts where the inserted proteins can modulate or report on the activities of membrane proteins. While the use of T4 lysozyme to replace portions of the third intracellular loops of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has allowed determination of the structures of members of this important class of receptors, the creation of such fusion proteins generally leads to loss of signaling function of the resulting fusion protein, since the third intracellular loops of GPCRs play critical roles in their interactions with G proteins. We describe here a random screening approach allowing insertion of T4 lysozyme into diverse positions in the third loop of the yeast α-pheromone receptor, a GPCR encoded by the yeast STE2 gene. Insertions were accompanied by varying extents of deletion or duplication of the loop. A set of phenotypic screens allow detection of potentially rare variant receptors that are expressed, bind to agonist and are capable of signal transduction via activation of the cognate G protein. A large fraction of screened full-length receptor variants containing at least partial duplications of the loop on either side of the inserted T4 lysozyme retain the ability to activate the downstream signaling pathway in response to binding of ligand. However, we were unable to identify any receptors with truncated C-termini that retain significant signaling function in the presence of inserted T4 lysozyme. Our results establish the feasibility of creating functional receptors containing insertions of T4 lysozyme in their third intracellular loops.
An Investigation of Spin and Charge States Associated with Metastable Defects in N-Type Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Depletion-width-modulated (DWM) ESR spectroscopy and junction capacitance techniques were employed to investigate deep-defect states in various metastable states of 10 and 80 Vppm PH3-doped a-Si:H. From the joint application of these methods, we enumerate the change in total spin and charge associated with emission of carriers from states within the mobility gap resulting from a modulated bias voltage. We conclude that the magnitude of the modulated spin-to-charge ratio is nearly unity, consistent with earlier similar investigations of n-type a-Si:H, where the D−/D0 transition was shown to dominate. Furthermore, we present results of a previously unreported “quadrature” DWM-ESR signal of large magnitude under a wide range of experimental conditions. Similar related effects are also reported from spin- and capacitance-transient studies. These results clearly demonstrate that the changes in spin significantly lag corresponding changes in charge.
Linguistic and conceptual influences on adjective acquisition in 24- and 36-month-olds.

Two hundred forty English-speaking toddlers (24- and 36-month-olds) heard novel adjectives applied to familiar objects (Experiment 1) and novel objects (Experiment 2). Children were successful in mapping adjectives to target properties only when information provided by the noun, in conjunction with participants’ knowledge of the objects, provided coherent category information: when basic-level nouns or superordinate-level nouns were used with familiar objects, when novel basic-level nouns were used with novel objects, and—for 36-month-olds—when the nouns were underspecified with respect to category (thing or one) but participants could nonetheless infer a category from pragmatic and conceptual knowledge. These results provide evidence concerning how nouns influence adjective learning, and they
A critical center‐stable manifold for Schrödinger's equation in three dimensions

Consider the focusing -critical semilinear Schrodinger equation in It admits an eight-dimensional manifold of special solutions called ground state solitons. We exhibit a codimension-1 critical real analytic manifold of asymptotically stable solutions of (0.1) in a neighborhood of the soliton manifold. We then show that is center-stable, in the dynamical systems sense of Bates and Jones, and globally-in-time invariant. Solutions in are asymptotically stable and separate into two asymptotically free parts that decouple in the limit—a soliton and radiation. Conversely, in a general setting, any solution that stays -close to the soliton manifold for all time is in . The proof uses the method of modulation. New elements include a different linearization and an endpoint Strichartz estimate for the time-dependent linearized equation. The proof also uses the fact that the linearized Hamiltonian has no nonzero real eigenvalues or resonances. This has recently been established in the case treated here—of the focusing cubic NLS in —by the work of Marzuola and Simpson and Costin, Huang, and Schlag. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen stress response of a hybrid species: a gene expression study.

Background and aims Low soil fertility limits growth and productivity in many natural and agricultural systems, where the ability to sense and respond to nutrient limitation is important for success. Helianthus anomalus is an annual sunflower of hybrid origin that is adapted to desert sand-dune substrates with lower fertility than its parental species, H. annuus and H. petiolaris. Previous studies have shown that H. anomalus has traits generally associated with adaptation to low-fertility habitats, including a lower inherent relative growth rate and longer leaf lifetime. Methods Here, a cDNA microarray is used to identify gene expression differences that potentially contribute to increased tolerance of low fertility of the hybrid species by comparing the nitrogen stress response of all three species with high- and low-nutrient treatments. Key results Relative to the set of genes on the microarray, the genes showing differential expression in the hybrid species compared with its parents are enriched in stress-response genes, developmental genes, and genes involved in responses to biotic or abiotic stimuli. After a correction for multiple comparisons, five unique genes show a significantly different response to nitrogen limitation in H. anomalus compared with H. petiolaris and H. annuus. The Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of one of the five genes, catalase 1, has been shown to affect the timing of leaf senescence, and thus leaf lifespan. Conclusions The five genes identified in this analysis will be examined further as candidate genes for the adaptive stress response in H. anomalus. Genes that improve growth and productivity under nutrient stress could be used to improve crops for lower soil fertility which is common in marginal agricultural settings.
The sectored foraging field: a novel design to quantify spatial strategies, learning, memory, and emotion.

Although Norway rats are naturally gregarious, males typically live alone at some point during adulthood. DiVerent social ecologies often require diVerent learning strategies and also modulate response to stressors and gonadal development. To measure eVects of the social environment on the interaction between cognition and emotion during aging, we focused on a natural learning context and devised the sectored foraging Weld, a progressively diYcult spatial navigation task. Here, we describe how this apparatus and protocol permits multiple learning strategies in a minimally stressful environment, enabling Wnely graded analyses of cognition and emotionality. Male Sprague–Dawley rats living alone throughout adulthood adopted a sex-typic discernible spatial strategy. In contrast, males housed in group contexts utilized an algorithmic kinesthetic strategy, repeating the same motor action until they found food. Removal of food and distal, but not local cues, elicited anxious alertness, particularly in group-housed males. Cognitive performance of group-housed rats subsequent to food and cue removal was signiWcantly impaired, yet enhanced in isolates.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals in rat brain.

Oxygen (O2) at high pressures acts as a neurotoxic agent leading to convulsions. The mechanism of this neurotoxicity is not known; however, oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) have been sugg...
Epithelial morphological reversion drives Profilin-1-induced elevation of p27kip1 in mesenchymal triple-negative human breast cancer cells through AMP-activated protein kinase activation

Profilin-1 (Pfn1) is an important regulator of actin polymerization that is downregulated in human breast cancer. Previous studies have shown Pfn1 has a tumor-suppressive effect on mesenchymal-like triple-negative breast cancer cells, and Pfn1-induced growth suppression is partly mediated by upregulation of cell-cycle inhibitor p27(kip1) (p27). In this study, we demonstrate that Pfn1 overexpression leads to accumulation of p27 through promoting AMPK activation and AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p27 on T198 residue, a post-translational modification that leads to increased protein stabilization of p27. This pathway is mediated by Pfn1-induced epithelial morphological reversion of mesenchymal breast cancer through cadherin-mediated restoration of adherens junctions. These findings not only elucidate a potential mechanism of how Pfn1 may inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal breast cancer cells, but also highlight a novel pathway of cadherin-mediated p27 induction and therefore cell-cycle control in cells.
Diffusion of Lanthanides and Actinides from Graphite at High Temperatures

Measurements were made of the diffusion losses of lanthanide and actinide elements from graphite at temperatures from 1600 to 2600°C. In the lanthanide series, a close correlation was observed betw...
Who controls NATO's nuclear weapons?

In spite of elaborate consultation procedures, host nations still have only an informal veto over the use of most U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe, and the circumstances that would justify a nuclear launch are not spelled out.
Wheat Stem Sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): Damage and Detection

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, continues to be a threat to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains. Winter wheat has also recently come under attack. Losses from lodging can be reduced by early harvest of heavily infested fields. Infestations can be detected by the presence of dark stem spots which are caused by boring larvae. Head weights of infested winter wheat plants were reduced by 2.8-10%. Infestation rates were higher in larger diameter stems, which also could produce the heaviest heads. Solid-stemmed wheat lines were less vulnerable to larval damage.
Electronic Structure of Helicenes, C2S Helicenes, and Thiaheterohelicenes

The structures of linearly and ortho-fused helical polyaromatic hydrocarbon oligomers and polymers and their isoelectronic thiophene variants are studied using density functional theory (DFT). Structural and optical absorption data are compared with experiments where possible and excellent agreement is obtained. The results are interpreted with reference to orbital interaction diagrams. Infinite helicene tends to adopt a symmetry close to 61. C2S helicene is predicted to have an approximately 263 symmetry leading to an interdigitated S···S network parallel to the helical axis. Thiaheterohelicene has an approximately 72 helical structure. Periodic boundary condition (PBC) calculation and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap extrapolation at the B3LYP/6-31G* level indicate a smaller band gap for helicene compared to phenacene. This difference is mainly due to the gap reducing effects of the transannular π−π interactions across the helical pitch in helicene...
A theory of steady-state activity in nerve-fiber networks: I. Definitions and preliminary lemmas

As an essay towards the determination of the effect of structural relations among nerve fibers upon the character of their activity, preliminary consideration is given to the steady-state activity of some simple neural structures. It is assumed as a first approximation that while acted upon by a constant stimulus, each fiber reaches a steady-state activity whose intensity is a linear function of the applied stimulus. It is shown by way of example that for a simple two-fiber circuit of inhibitory neurons knowledge of the stimuli applied to the separate fibers does not necessarily suffice to determine uniquely the activity that will result. On the other hand, there are deduced certain restrictions on the possible types of activity that may be consistent with a given pattern of applied stimulation.
Advances in High Average Power, 100 Hz Repetition Rate Table-Top Soft X-Ray Lasers

We discuss new results of the demonstration of 100 Hz table-top soft x-ray lasers operating at wavelengths from 10.9 nm to 18.9 nm and report the highest soft x-ray laser average power to date at sub-20 nm wavelength. The results include the generation of average powers up to 0.2 mW at λ = 18.9 nm, 0.1 mW at λ = 13.9 nm, and 20 μW at λ = 11.9 nm. These lasers are driven by a compact chirped pulse amplification laser system featuring diode-pumped, cryogenically-cooled Yb:YAG power amplifiers that produces 1 J pulses of 5 ps FWHM duration at 100 Hz repetition rate. The driver laser pulse shape was tailored to more efficiently pump soft x-ray plasma amplifiers operating at sub-15 nm wavelengths leading to a threefold increase in the λ = 13.9 nm laser pulse energy and lasing down to 10.9 nm. The pump pulse profile consisting of a nanosecond ramp followed by two closely spaced peaks of picosecond duration, is shown to create a plasma with an increased density of Ni-like lasing ions at the time of peak temperature, resulting in a larger gain coefficient over a temporally and spatially enlarged space. The development of rotating solid targets with high shot capacity has allowed the uninterrupted operation of the λ = 18.9 nm soft x-ray laser for hundreds of thousands of consecutive shots making it suitable for applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology that require high photon flux at short wavelengths. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of the utility of this laser in such applications we have lithographically printed an array of nanometer-scale features through coherent Talbot self imaging. These results open the path to milliwatt average power table-top soft x-ray lasers.
Intracranial Rhabdomyoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 24-year-old male presented with eight months of increasingly severe frontal headaches, decreased right facial sensation, and periodic vertigo. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously contrast-enhancing mass involving and expanding the right foramen ovale. A biopsy of the lesion was performed, and the final pathologic diagnosis revealed a neoplastic rhabdomyoma. To date, only five cases of intracranial rhabdomyoma have been reported, and a rhabdomyoma involving the trigeminal nerve has never been described in an adult. This manuscript reviews the available literature and highlights the clinical, imaging, pathologic characteristics, and surgical management of these exceedingly rare lesions.
Cingulate cortex functional connectivity predicts future relapse in alcohol dependent individuals

Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing illness. Alcohol and stress cues have consistently been shown to increase craving and relapse risk in recovering alcohol dependent (AUD) patients. However, differences in functional connectivity in response to these cues have not been studied using data-driven approaches. Here, voxel-wise connectivity is used in a whole-brain investigation of functional connectivity differences associated with alcohol and stress cues and to examine whether these differences are related to subsequent relapse. In Study 1, 45, 4- to 8-week abstinent, recovering AUD patients underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during individualized imagery of alcohol, stress, and neutral cues. Relapse measures were collected prospectively for 90 days post-discharge from inpatient treatment. AUD patients showed blunted anterior (ACC), mid (MCC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), voxel-wise connectivity responses to stress compared to neutral cues and blunted PCC response to alcohol compared to neutral cues. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, weaker connectivity in ACC and MCC during neutral exposure was associated with longer time to relapse (better recovery outcome). Similarly, greater connectivity in PCC during alcohol-cue compared to stress cue was associated with longer time to relapse. In Study 2, a sub-group of 30 AUD patients were demographically-matched to 30 healthy control (HC) participants for group comparisons. AUD compared to HC participants showed reduced cingulate connectivity during alcohol and stress cues. Using novel data-driven approaches, the cingulate cortex emerged as a key region in the disruption of functional connectivity during alcohol and stress-cue processing in AUD patients and as a marker of subsequent alcohol relapse.
Contributions of Citizen Scientists and Habitat Volunteers to Monarch Butterfly Conservation

ABSTRACTVolunteers can contribute to wildlife conservation by protecting and restoring habitat, or by collecting citizen science data. Much remains unknown about how citizen scientists contribute to conservation beyond data collection, or the extent that volunteering with citizen science or habitat conservation is associated with increased participation in other forms of conservation. We surveyed citizen science and habitat volunteers from monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) programs. Both types of volunteers conducted conservation outreach and created and managed monarch habitat. Habitat volunteers were more likely to create new habitat for monarchs in urban or suburban areas, whereas citizen scientists were more likely to maintain existing habitat in rural areas. Most volunteers increased their participation in conservation after joining a formal monarch project. Our results provide information about the capacity for habitat volunteers to engage in conservation, as well as evidence of an unexplored ben...
Does the Room Matter? Active Learning in Traditional and Enhanced Lecture Spaces

This study compares student perceptions and performance in a SCALE-UP–type instructional space with those in a traditional lecture hall. Flipped instruction relying heavily on cooperative learning ...
ADEC at 40: Second half of life wisdom for the future of death education and counseling

ABSTRACTThe author uses a developmental model of nonprofit organizations (Simon, 2001) to examine the history, current status, and future prospects of the Association for Death Education and Counseling on the occasion of its 40th anniversary as a professional society. Borrowing from the work of Richard Rohr (2011) on second half of life wisdom, the author suggests that such maturity represents the association’s best pathway to consolidating its accomplishments to date and sustaining continued growth in the future. Eight aspirational goals are proposed for ensuring reinvigoration of ADEC members as individual death professionals and of the association as a collective body.
Aerosol and cloud vertical structure in New York City: micro-pulse lidar measurements and validation

We report on the measurements of aerosol and cloud vertical structure in New York City (NYC) using the first polarization Micro pulse Lidar (MPL) located at the City University of New York (CUNY). MPL operation, setup, data collection and correction will be introduced. Preliminary results and comparison analysis between 2015 and 2016 of cloud vertical structure and the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) above NYC will be discussed. An investigation analysis of the impact of NYC rush hour pollution on the level of PBL depth will be introduced using the MPL measurements (such as temporal and spatial trends in aerosol and cloud structure). Applications of the MPL tow-polarization channels will be investigated. Potential future studies and collaborations in protecting NYC against environmental disasters by employing more devices along with MPL real-time data will be emphasized. For pedagogical purposes, a lab module was developed to be implemented in the newly developed undergraduate track in Earth System Science and Environmental Engineering (ESE) at LaGuardia Community College of CUNY (LaGCC), more details will be presented.
Thermal accomodation coefficients by high speed vibration of solid samples: II. Kinetic theory of collisions between a rarefied gas and an oscillatory surface

Abstract Kinetic theory is used to compute the flux and relative translational kinetic energy incident upon a surface oscillating in a rarefied gas. The flux incident upon the oscillatory surface is deficient in low-velocity molecules from the gas during the reentry half of a vibration cycle, in which the surface moves into the gas, because all molecules which are to strike the oscillatory surface from the gas must cross the plane of maximum surface extension during that cycle. The deficiency is largely compensated for by recapture, during the reentry half of a cycle, of low-velocity molecules emitted during the recession half of the cycle. The result of these two opposing effects is that the average energy of gas-surface collisions, and therefore the temperature rise of an oscillatory surface is greater than that of a constant speed plate of the same rms velocity in the same gas. For argon at 300 K and 10 −3 torr incident upon a surface with an rms velocity of 3.3 × 10 3 cm sec −1 the apparent average temperature of incident molecules is 302.91 ° for an oscillatory surface and 302.63 ° for a constant speed plate. Measurements of the temperature rise of an oscillatory surface offer a way to measure thermal accomodation coefficients.
Antisymmetry in distorted-wave calculations of inelastic nucleon scattering☆

Abstract Distorted-wave calculations of the inelastic scattering of 18.9 MeV protons to the first excited state of 89 Y have been performed using bound-state wave functions consistent with spectroscopic information and using projectile wave functions generated from a seven-parameter optical-model potential that is determined by elastic scattering. Exchange terms appear in the calculations because the initial-state wave function is antisymmetrized and because the two-nucleon effective interaction has an exchange character. The effective interaction is taken to have a central static form, that is a linear combination of three Yukawa functions. Two dissimilar parametrizations of this interaction are considered, each of which is determined from aspects of free two-nucleon scattering. Comparison with limited experimental data encourages belief that these “no-parameter” microscopic distorted wave calculations are credible and that this reaction should help to calibrate the matrix elements needed to analyse more complicated reactions.
Choosing the Best Anesthetic Regimen

The administration of anesthesia to a geriatric patient requires meticulous attention to detail and a clear understanding of the impact of aging on organ reserve and function. Older surgical patients present for surgery with complicated medical histories, limited physiologic reserve, and frequently unpredictable responses to anesthetic agents [1, 2]. In general, elderly frail patients with underlying chronic disease can be less tolerant of brief episodes of hemodynamic instability such as hypotension or desaturation that may not be preventable during the course of a surgery. While these events may be insignificant in a young patient and in the frail elder, they may lead to serious consequences, such as cardiac ischemia and arrhythmias [3, 4]. This chapter reviews the basic anesthetic concepts and discusses the impact of aging on the choice of anesthesia.
Photoacoustic-based SO 2 assessment of femoral bone marrow in a murine model of leukemia

Leukemia commonly leads to hypoxia in the bone marrow, which can then result in increased resistance to chemotherapy. However, the relationship between local hypoxia and disease progression is not well understood, and it is unclear whether hypoxia in the bone marrow is diffuse or focal in presentation. Spectroscopic photoacoustic (PA) imaging-based estimation of blood oxygen saturation (SO 2 ) can be used as a biomarker for tissue hypoxia. In this study, we investigate the longitudinal repeatability of PA-based SO 2 estimates in the femoral bone marrow of a murine model of leukemia.
Pastoral Care Methods and Demonology in Selected Writings

Styles of pastoral ministry, especially in the interpretation of exorcism in relationship to “demon possession,” is discussed in selected writings from the early Middle Ages to the later Middle Age...
New [NZP] materials for protection coatings. Tailoring of thermal expansion

[NZP] (the NaZr2P3O12-Family) materials can be selected for synthesizing new thermal shock resistant ceramic coatings with a thermal expansion that can be tailored to match that of the substrate, and to possess a low thermal expansion anisotropy. The tailoring technique will involve the selection of a suitable pair of compositions which, upon being mixed to form a crystalline solution, will possess the desired thermal expansion coefficient and will have negligible thermal expansion anisotropy. This can be done when the axial thermal expansion for one end member is larger in the a-direction than in the c-direction and vice versa for the other end member.