cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Postglacial forest patterns associated with till and outwash in northcentral Upper Michigan

Abstract Pollen analysis of lake sediments reveals that small areas of till and outwash in northcentral Upper Michigan have influenced plant distributions throughout postglacial time. Each substrate has different textural characteristics. Modern forest communities form a mosaic, with jack pine woodlands occupying the medium sands of the Yellow Dog Plains outwash and white pine-hardwood communities on both till and outwash soils in the Michigamme Highlands to the south. The analysis of modern pollen samples from 21 lakes within the area indicates that pollen can be used to study the distribution of local vegetation in relation to substrate type. Fossil pollen from three of the lakes documents the character of ancient forest on Yellow Dog outwash, Michigamme outwash, and Michigamme till. Unique boreal communities occupied each area immediately after deglaciation. Between 8000 and 7000 y.a., white pine and maples migrated into the study area and replaced jack pine in forests on the Highlands, but not on the Plains. Jack pine has continued to occupy the Plains since early postglacial time. White pine reached highest densities on Michigamme outwash, and deciduous trees increased primarily on till during the presumably dry climates which existed 8000-5000 yr BP. As the climate became more mesic, forests on the Highlands changed, so that by 3000 yr BP the communities on Michigamme outwash and till were indistinguishable on the basis of pollen. Present-day forest patterns of the area became established at that time. Pollen influx rates, measured at each lake, generally support interpretations based on pollen percentages and were similar to values reported elsewhere. Variations in influx values are within the range expected for the method.
Image fusion or 4D cardiac CTA and MR images

Various imaging techniques can be used to evaluate coronary artery disease and cardiac function. However, no single imaging modality provides extensive information on both. The goal of this research is to develop a method for combining the coronary vasculature obtained from computed tomographic angiography (CTA) data with the myocardial functional information obtained from dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) data. Temporally matched cardiac CTA and trueFISP (true Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession) MR images were obtained on human subjects. Each CTA volume was resampled according to the MR sampling scheme and spatially registered with the MR volume using an iterative closest point algorithm and the epicardial boundary points. The segmented coronary vasculature from CTA was surface rendered along with the original MR image planes. An expert in cardiac imaging visually verified the results of the 4D fusion. Future use of this technique will be investigated using additional data sets and types of functional MR images, i.e. perfusion and SPAMM (SPAtial Modulation of Magnetization).
Competing values in the culinary arts and hospitality industry Leadership roles and managerial competencies

It is important that education and training programmes align with the needs of the professions they are designed to support. The culinary arts and hospitality industry is a vocational area that needs to be examined more closely to ensure that the skills and competencies taught are those that will actually be needed when students matriculate from career preparation programmes. This study compared the self-assessed leadership roles and managerial competencies of hospitality students and hospitality management professionals in employment. Using the Competing Values Framework (CVF) as a theoretical framework, eight leadership roles and 24 managerial competencies were examined in an effort to identify similarities and differences between the two groups. The authors found limited significant differences between the perceptions of the two groups; overall, the ranking of leadership roles and managerial competencies by the two populations were very similar. Implications for academic culinary arts and hospitality programmes are also presented, together with recommendations for future inquiry.
Camera handoff and placement for automated tracking systems with multiple omnidirectional cameras

In a multi-camera surveillance system, both camera handoff and placement play an important role in generating an automated and persistent object tracking, typical of most surveillance requirements. Camera handoff should comprise three fundamental components, time to trigger handoff process, the execution of consistent labeling, and the selection of the next optimal camera. In this paper, we design an observation measure to quantitatively formulate the effectiveness of object tracking so that we can trigger camera handoff timely and select the next camera appropriately before the tracked object falls out of the field of view (FOV) of the currently observing camera. In the meantime, we present a novel solution to the consistent labeling problem in omnidirectional cameras. A spatial mapping procedure is proposed to consider both the noise inherent to the tracking algorithms used by the system and the lens distortion introduced by omnidirectional cameras. This does not only avoid the tedious process, but also increases the accuracy, to obtain the correspondence between omnidirectional cameras without human interventions. We also propose to use the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to improve the accuracy of trajectory association between pairs of objects. In addition, since we need a certain amount of time to successfully carry out the camera handoff procedure, we introduce an additional constraint to optimally reserve sufficient cameras' overlapped FOVs for the camera placement. Experiments show that our proposed observation measure can quantitatively formulate the effectiveness of tracking, so that camera handoff can smoothly transfer objects of interest. Meanwhile, our proposed consistent labeling approach can perform as accurately as the geometry-based approach without tedious calibration processes and outperform Calderara's homography-based approach. Our proposed camera placement method exhibits a significant increase in the camera handoff success rate at the cost of slightly decreased coverage, as compared to Erdem and Sclaroff's method without considering the requirement on overlapped FOVs.
Reactive sites and biological transport.

Publisher Summary Biological barriers are studded with a variety of reactive sites that favor the passage of suitable molecules; in some cases, mechanisms that seem inherently improbable deliver the molecules from these sites against electrochemical gradients, either normally or when a gradient of an analog is artifically produced. In their aggregate, these reactive sites give cytological barriers, their segregating action, and permit physiological and pharmacological control through the increase and decrease of such segregating effects. The coincident nature of such modifications of transport has suggested that the activity is inherent in a common matrix rather than a consequence of the shuttling of dissimilar carriers. Attempts should be intensified to identify these reactive sites on organelles, membranes, and intact cells by the chemical procedures now available for specific sites on macromolecules. Site subject to significant modification in conformation or charge distribution by hormone action should be investigated. Structures having the same binding characteristics as a given transport site should also be looked for in broken-cell preparations. This general search can take advantage of a critical property of the site on the intact cell and need not be deterred by immediate concern for the accessory equipment or mechanism of the transport.
Methylcellulose as a Wetting Agent in Blood Clot: In Vivo Studies

Methylcellulose, injected intravenously in dogs, altered the surface properties of blood plasma, as measured both in the fluid and clotted state. In fluid plasma, it altered the pattern of the surface tension-time curve, instituting the following changes: a reduction in the dynamic value of surface tension, a progressive rise in value contrasted to the normal decline, an elevation of the final static level above the pre-injection value. In clotted plasma, methylcellulose converted the normal water repellent surface to one that was water attracting, or hydrophilic. There was no change of coagulation time in glass, but possibly some prolongation in siliconed tubes. No surface tension or hydrophilic changes were induced by the other colloids tested; namely, dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone and carboxymethylcellulose. The physical changes induced by methylcellulose are of a type that might favorably influence clot structure and adhesion.
Evidence for the absence of the conjugates of acne-causing hormones in cow's milk.

SummarySex hormones known to produce acne were not detectable in bovine milk when analyzed by methods capable of detecting concentrations less than 10 μg of testosterone and androsterone and 15 μg of estradiol glucuronides/liter. These results show that ingestion of milk could not be the cause of acne on the basis of its conjugated hormone content.
Squeeze-flow mode magnetorheological fluid mount

The paper presents the design and of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid based damper that operates in squeeze and flow modes. The damper has been designed to reduce vertical vibrations, namely displacement/force transmissibility, from a pneumatic hammer to the operator body. The mount governing equations have been derived and the effect of system parameters on its performance was analyzed. Particular attention was given to the effect of the operator mass and the magnitude of the magnetic field on the mount response. Results analysis indicated that the resonant peak decreases as the applied magnetic field increases. Simultaneously, the resonance frequency decreases.
How Cultures Influence National Rate Of Innovation? - A Longitudinal Analysis of 52 Countries

We investigate how culture interacts with institutional factors such as R&D investment to influence national rate of innovation over time. We propose a framework that clusters cultural values into ...
Adaptive Behavior and Development of Infants and Toddlers with Williams Syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes deficits in adaptive behavior, difficulties eating and sleeping, cognitive delays, and delayed development. Although researchers have conducted characterizations of children and adults with WS, less is known about young children with this disorder. This study characterizes the developmental and adaptive behavior features of 16 infants and toddlers with WS aged 3 months - 5 years. Data for this project was obtained from 2007-2014, and includes parent report data and standardized developmental testing. Thirty-one percent (31.3%) of parents reported that their infant/toddler with WS had sleeping problems and 58.3% reported feeding difficulties. Levels of adaptive behavior were in the Mildly Delayed range as measured by the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition. Self care skills such as feeding or dressing oneself were significantly weaker than skills needed to function in the community, such as recognizing his/her home or throwing away trash. The difficulty with self-care skills is hypothesized to be related to the reported difficulties with eating and sleeping. Motor skills were significantly lower than both cognitive and language skills on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. The current study highlights the need for early intervention in these young children across all areas of development, particularly in self-care skills.
Epidemiology of measles and measure of measles elimination in Henan Province,China in 2013

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and summarize the measure of measles elimination in Henan Province,China in 2013. Methods Based on the data on incidence of measles from the Infectious Disease Surveillance Information Report System and the Measles Surveillance Information Reporting System as well as those on vaccination rate of measles-containing vaccines from the National Immunization Program Surveillance Information Reporting System,a descriptive epidemiological analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles and measures for measles elimination was carried out in Henan Province. Results A total of 830 cases of measles were reported in Henan Province in 2013,indicating an incidence of 0. 88 / 100 000 which was higher than that in the same period in 2011 ~2012. Higher incidences were reported in Pingdingshan,Kaifeng and Nanyang Cities,each of which was more than 1. 5 /100 000. The highest incidence occurred in the children at age of 0 year(43. 28 / 100 000). The sex ratio of cases was1. 88︰1. A total of 638 cases(76. 87%)were unvaccinated with measles-containing vaccines. The vaccination rate of measles-containing vaccine in 2013 was more than 99%,while the supplementary vaccination rate was more than 98%.The reported incidence of discarded measles cases was 2. 64 / 100 000,while the adequate investigation rate within 48 h was 99. 79%,the blood specimen collection rate was 99. 75%,the pathological specimen collection rate was 95. 81%,and the timely reporting rate of laboratory testing result within 7 d was 98. 66%,all of which met the requirements in National Measles Surveillance Guideline. Conclusion The increase of vaccination rate and improvement of quality of surveillance are the keys to decrease and maintain the incidence of measles at a low level.
The Value of Nephritic Pathology in evaluate Prognosis of Lupus Nephritis in children

Objective: To study the relationship the pathological change with the prognosis in children with lupus nephritis(LN). Methods: To classify the pathological types and score of the active index(AI) and chronic index(CI) by renal biopsies. 42 patients have been diagnosed as LN and the sing/e regression analysis was proceeded between the scores of Aland CI with their prognosis. Results: 10 cases (24% ) were type Ⅱ , 5 cases (12% ) were type Ⅲ ,24 cases (57% ) were typeⅣ, 3 cases(7%) were type Ⅴof LN pathologicall feature. 14 patients suffer from renal failure. Among these cases, there were 12 cases (86%) were type IIIVVV and 1 case was type Ⅲ and type V respectively. In the group of good prognosis AI was 1.54 ± 2.03, CI was 0.67± 0.47. In the group of bad prognosis AI was 7.17 ± 0.85, CI was 3.33± 2.99, The relationship between single regression estimation AI and prognosis: Y was 1.11 - 0.129X, r= - 0.857, P 0.01,there is an significantly difference. The relationship between CI and prognosis: Y was 0.766 - 0.108X, r= -0.805, P0.01, there is also a difference.Conclusion; With renal biopsy to score the AI and CI to evaluate the prognosis of LN has very important clinical significance. The higher the scores of AI of CI is, the worse prognosis certainly would be.
Non-Hydrogen-Dewaxing Research for Straight-Run Diesel Oil

The catalytic performance of self-developed non-hydrogen-dewaxing catalyst(FC-DB) was evaluated,and straight-run diesel oil from refinery No.2 of Fushun petrochemical company was used as feed stock.The influence of reaction temperature and space velocity on the yield and pouring point of diesel oil was investigated.The relationships between yield,pouring point and operation conditions were determined by polynary quadratic regression,and the optimum operation conditions were determined by optimum programming.Under the following conditions,i.e.the reaction temperature is 310 ℃ and space velocity is 1.0 h-1,the yield and pouring point of diesel oil respectively are 94.61% and-20 ℃,approximately dropping 42 ℃.The quality of liquid product obtained under above optimum operation conditions was analyzed,meeting the specifications of diesel oil.
Euthanasia in the United States

In the West, efforts to legalize active euthanasia and assisted suicide go back at least a century. Debates have emerged over the past two decades in a number of countries, however. What are the principal arguments put forward in favor of it? What development in contemporary medicine, and contemporary culture, might account for an increasingly favorable attitude toward euthanasia? What kind of efforts are being developed to stop or to impede the euthanasia movement?
"Gastrointestinal endoscopy: time for change".

In the thirty years since the flexible fibreoptic gastroscope was introduced, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy has undergone a spectacular evolution. The explosion in technology and an ever-increasing demand for procedures has left us poorly equipped to provide the quantity and quality of endoscopy required now and into the next century. With increasing sophistication, the risks of GI endoscopy have become appreciable, particularly in therapeutic procedures. These risks can only be contained by adequate training and experience. The present system of higher training in gastroenterology serves endoscopy badly: there is no structure for developing a career interest in GI endoscopy. This is a waste of limited financial and human resources. GI endoscopy should be identified as an area of gastroenterology requiring additional training. New teaching tools such as computer simulation may provide opportunities to learn endoscopy without patient involvement. Research in GI endoscopy, which has been neglected, should...
The Shaming: Creating a Curriculum that Promotes Socially Responsible Online Engagement

Language has often been used to devalue others and the implementation of social media environments has exacerbated the use and visibility of degrading language and imagery. Shaming in online spaces is often different than that in face-to-face environments. Those doing the shaming can hide behind anonymity or create images that are not associated with any one person, but that target a specific person or a group of people. Social media increases the reach and speed of these actions, making it nearly impossible to stop once it is started. Schools have an opportunity to be at the forefront of the movement to combat the mistreatment and abuse of others in technology-based environments by being aware, proactive, and purposeful in how they prepare teachers and students to engage with others. Teachers and students, working collaboratively, can create learning environments including face-to-face and online interactions that involve positive digital citizenship, quality learning, and increasingly advanced communication skills. In this chapter the authors will develop a background demonstrating how technology has been used to shame, share understandings of how this affects those who are being shamed, and construct strategies for reducing shaming practices.
Medicare Advantage Plans Pay Hospitals Less Than Traditional Medicare Pays

There is ongoing debate about how prices paid to providers by Medicare Advantage plans compare to prices paid by fee-for-service Medicare. We used data from Medicare and the Health Care Cost Institute to identify the prices paid for hospital services by fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare, Medicare Advantage plans, and commercial insurers in 2009 and 2012. We calculated the average price per admission, and its trend over time, in each of the three types of insurance for fixed baskets of hospital admissions across metropolitan areas. After accounting for differences in hospital networks, geographic areas, and case-mix between Medicare Advantage and FFS Medicare, we found that Medicare Advantage plans paid 5.6 percent less for hospital services than FFS Medicare did. Without taking into account the narrower networks of Medicare Advantage, the program paid 8.0 percent less than FFS Medicare. We also found that the rates paid by commercial plans were much higher than those of either Medicare Advantage or FFS Medic...
Faculty Services in the 21st Century: Evolution and Innovation

SUMMARY Law faculty in the 21st century present new challenges for law librarians. Traditional services such as document delivery and interlibrary loan are improved. New services are developed to meet the needs of law faculty researching in disciplines other than law and facing a changing environment of publication of legal scholarship. Faculty services in 2000 and 2006 are compared and trends for the future analyzed.
Implementation of Human-Like Joint Stiffness in Robotics Hands for Improved Manipulation

Abstract Humans exploit the inherent biomechanical compliance in their fingers to achieve stability and dexterity during many manipulation tasks. The compliance is a result of muscles, tendons (series compliance), and flexible joints (parallel compliance). While the effects of series compliance have been studied in many robotic systems, research on the effects of joint compliance arranged in parallel with the actuators is limited. In this chapter we first present an approach for modeling the passive stiffness at the human metacarpophalangeal joint, and the individual contributions from the elasticity of muscle-tendon units (MTUs) and capsule ligament complex (CLC). Toward this goal, we conducted experiments with 10 human subjects and collected joint angle and finger tip force data. The total passive moment and joint angle data were fitted with a double exponential model, and the passive moments due to the MTUs were determined by developing subject-specific models of the passive force length relationships. Our results show that for all the subjects, the work done by the passive moments from the MTUs is less than 50% of total work done, and the CLC provides dominant contributions to the joint stiffness throughout the flexion-extension range of motion. We then demonstrate, through mathematical modeling, that introducing parallel compliance improves stability and robustness in the presence of time delay in a generic robotic joint. We also provide guidelines to balance the benefits of added stability with increased actuator load when implementing parallel compliance in robotic joints. We designed two 2-DOF tendon-driven fingers with parallel compliance, and developed an impedance control law for object manipulation with the fingers. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of introducing parallel compliance in robotic hands during dexterous manipulation tasks, specifically in achieving smoother trajectory tracking, improved stability, and robustness to impacts.
Helicopter Transport in Regionalized Burn Care: One Program's Perspective.

Abstract Background The decision to use helicopter EMS (HEMS) for the transport of burn patients is a complex decision. This analysis sought to evaluate burn patients flown to burn centers who met predetermined criteria for patients who likely benefit from HEMS care. Methods A retrospective transport chart review of all burn transports covering the preceding nine and a half years was conducted to evaluate for HEMS appropriate criteria defined as patients requiring advanced airway management, ventilator support, facial burns, inhalation injury, circumferential burns, electrical or chemical burn, or major burns. All ages were included. Results A total of 171 cases were identified. Thirty-one (18.1%) were pediatric. Facial burns constituted the most frequent criteria met with 112 (65.5%) patients identified. Sixty-nine (40.4%) had suspected inhalation injuries. Fifty-five (32.2%) patients were intubated. Forty (28.6%) adults and twelve (38.7%) children had major burns. Conclusion Of the 171 burn patient transported, twenty-one (12.3%) patients did not meet any HEMS criteria. Excluding those who did not meet any criteria, 98 (57.3%) patients were flown with non-major burns. Efforts are needed to determine the risks burn patients face if slower, non-critical care transport is utilized and which patients are appropriate for HEMS.
Generating high dielectric constant blends from lower dielectric constant dipolar polymers using nanostructure engineering

Abstract It is a great challenge in dielectric polymers to achieve a high dielectric constant while maintaining low dielectric loss and high operating temperatures. Here we report that by blending two glassy state dipolar polymers i.e., poly(arylene ether urea) (PEEU, K=4.7) and an aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU, K=4.4) to form a nanomixture, the resulting blend exhibits a very high dielectric constant, K=7.5, while maintaining low dielectric loss (
Management Options for Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common solid tumor malignancy in men worldwide. Treatment with surgery and radiation can be curative in organ-confined disease. Unfortunately, about one third of men develop biochemically recurrent disease based only on rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the absence of visible disease on conventional imaging. For these patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer, there is no uniform guideline for subsequent management. Based on available data, it seems prudent that biochemical recurrent prostate cancer should initially be evaluated for salvage radiation or prostatectomy, with curative intent. In selected cases, high-intensity focused ultrasound and cryotherapy may be considered in patients that meet very narrow criteria as defined by non-randomized trials. If salvage options are not practical or unsuccessful, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard option for disease control. While some patients prefer ADT to manage the disease immediately, others defer treatment because of the associated toxicity. In the absence of definitive randomized data, patients may be followed using PSA doubling time as a trigger to initiate ADT. Based on retrospective data, a PSA doubling time of less than 3–6 months has been associated with near-term development of metastasis and thus could be used signal to initiate ADT. Once treatment is begun, patients and their providers can choose between an intermittent and continuous ADT strategy. The intermittent approach may limit side effects but in patients with metastatic disease studies could not exclude a 20% greater risk of death. In men with biochemical recurrence, large studies have shown that intermittent therapy is non-inferior to continuous therapy, thus making this a reasonable option. Since biochemically recurrent prostate cancer is defined by technological limitations of radiographic detection, as new imaging (i.e., PSMA) strategies are developed, it may alter how the disease is monitored and perhaps managed. Furthermore, patients have no symptoms related to their disease and thus many prefer options that minimize toxicity. For this reason, herbal agents and immunotherapy are under investigation as potential alternatives to ADT and its accompanying side effects. New therapeutic options combined with improved imaging to evaluate the disease may markedly change how biochemically recurrent prostate cancer is managed in the future.
Antireflective textured silicon optics at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths

Silicon optics with broadband antireflective (AR) treatments are being developed for millimeter and submillimeter-wave applications. Combined photolithography and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) techniques are used to texture the surfaces of high resistivity, low loss silicon wafers. We report on the design, fabrication, and testing at 250 GHz of single and double layer AR treatments on silicon optics.
Effect of Acute Metabolic Acidosis on Plasma Phosphorus Concentration

The effects of acid-base disturbances on plasma phosphorus concentration remain poorly defined. In a previous study, we infused anesthetized mongrel dogs with several mineral and non-mineral acids for one to three hours. HCl and NH4Cl infusions were not associated with changes in plasma phosphorus in contrast to the findings with the organic acids lactic (LA) and beta-hydroxybutyric which increased, and methylmalonic which decreased phosphorus levels. To evaluate these observations further and to gain insight into the mechanism(s) involved we measured plasma phosphorus concentration and renal phosphorus handling in dogs infused with 0.45% NaCl (control), HCl and LA for six hours. In the control group there was no significant change in phosphorus levels whereas the increase in phosphorus concentration for LA was significant after hour four. Although with HCl, phosphorus concentration decreased in the first hour, there was a tendency for an elevation by five hours. Cumulative six hour UpV was significantly lower with HCl than with either LA or NaCl and the data suggest that the infusion of both acids may have blunted the augmentation of phosphorus excretion associated with mild volume expansion. Plasma glucose and insulin measured for three hours showed no significant differences between the groups.
Cost Reduction Through Outsourcing

Some key concerns for C-suite executives who are considering a divestiture include the operational and financial impacts of separating people, processes, and technology between the seller company and the divested entity. The financial impact of the separation is a key driver of deal valuation, while the operational impact is a key driver of deal probability and the deal timeline. Financial and operational impacts manifest themselves as both one-time events occurring at deal execution and ongoing effects such as stranded costs and dis-synergies between the entities involved in the deal.
Productivity of Field-Grown Soybeans (Amsoy and Williams) Exposed to Simulated Acidic Rain

An experiment was performed during the summer of 1982 to determine the effects of simulated acidic rain on seed yields of two commercial cultivars of soybeans grown according to standard agronomic practices. Plants were shielded from all ambient rainfalls automatically by two moveable exclusion covers and exposed to simulated rainfalls in quantities equal to the average amount of rainfall that occurs at the site. Seed yields of Amsoy cultivar exposed twice weekly to simulated rain of pH 4.1, 3.3, and 2.7 were, respectively, 3.0, 9.0, and 12.8% below yields of plants exposed to a pH 5.6 simulated rain. A treatment-response function of seed yield versus rainfall pH for Amsoy was y = 10.20 + 0.587 x and had a correlation coefficient of 0.96 (y is seed mass per plant and x is the pH of the simulated rain). For the Williams cultivar, seed yields of plants exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 5.6, 4.1, 3.3, and 2.7 were 11.5, 10.5, 11.4, and 11.4 g, respectively. A treatment-response function of seed yield versus rainfall pH for Williams was y = 11.13 + 0.016 x which had a correlation coefficient of 0.038. Plants of Amsoy and Williams grown in plots adjacent to the exclusion shelters and experiencing ambient rain conditions had mean seed yields of 11.4 and 9.8 g per plant, respectively. Seed yield per plant was dependent upon the number of pods per plant because the number of seeds per pod did not vary among treatments of each cultivar.
How Does Peer Review Work and Can It be Improved

This quite short volume considers the topic of journal peer review and analyses some data on the German chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie, which is published monthly simultaneously with an English-language version. The journal is one of the higher prestige chemistry journals and has a high Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) "impact factor" meaning that the papers it publishes are on average relatively frequently cited. However, the author never tells us if the high impact factor is due to the review articles that the journal publishes or the shorter "communications" or letters which he analyses in the book. Unfortunately, the book is uncritical in its reporting of the literature, not very innovative in its analysis of data, and presents only one piece of analysis which is of special interest: the comparison of citations made to articles published by Angewandte Chemie and those made to articles rejected by that journal and published elsewhere. The result is a book which through some judicious editing could have been published as a long journal article or two that is only of relevance to the handful of specialists who conduct quantitative studies on this topic. Since it ignores all the broader theoretical issues made relevant in recent years by the social constructivist point of view, it has little theoretical interest. A careful reading of the book does, however, provide the opportunity to examine some of the important issues in peer review.
Herpes Simplex Viruses: General Features

HSV infects neonates, children, and adults, and produce a wide spectrum of diseases. Current understanding of the virus structure, host range, genetics and growth properties is reviewed. Discussed are mechanisms of cell entry, viral gene transcription, DNA replication and capsid assembly, tegumentation and envelopment and the role of chromatin modulation in virus growth. The distinct biological properties of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 serotypes, the role of HSV-1 in symptomatic anogenital infection, and the risk to the fetus posed by maternal genital infection are summarized. Transmission, tissue tropism and the clinical features of infection including CNS disease are reviewed, as are pathogenicity and diagnosis, the mechanisms of latency and reactivation, host immune responses and immune evasion, therapy, vaccination and the use oncolytic HSV in cancer virotherapy.
Functional semiconducting silicon nanowires and their composites as orthopedic tissue scaffolds

Abstract: This chapter describes the unique opportunities afforded to silicon nanowires (SiNW) in the field of tissue engineering, with a focus on orthopedics. We begin with a description of the necessary surface modification processes for the nanowire, either from an electrochemical etching or surface functionalization approach. This is followed by a discussion of options in composite formulation of SiNW with biocompatible polymer scaffolds to improve pragmatic processibility, and finally studies of relevant cell line attachment, proliferation and differentiation in vitro for such scaffolds. Finally, we conclude with a brief mention of future directions for use of SiNW in this specific field of therapeutic bionanotechnology.
High-throughput method development for sensitive, accurate, and reproducible quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in tissues using orthogonal array optimization and nano liquid chromatography/selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.

Although liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring (LC/SRM-MS) holds great promise for targeted protein analysis, quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) in tissues represents a daunting challenge due to the extremely low tissue levels, complexity of tissue matrixes, and the absence of an efficient strategy to develop an optimal LC/SRM-MS method. Here we describe a high-throughput, streamlined strategy for the development of sensitive, selective, and reliable quantitative methods of mAb in tissue matrixes. A sensitive nano-LC/nanospray-MS method was employed to achieve a low lower limit of quantification (LOQ). For selection of signature peptides (SP), the SP candidates were identified by a high-resolution Orbitrap and then optimal SRM conditions for each candidate were obtained using a high-throughput, on-the-fly orthogonal array optimization (OAO) strategy, which is capable of optimizing a large set of SP candidates within a single nano-LC/SRM-MS run. Usi...
Color-Space and Time

Hue is a sensory initiator of the experience of space. In the visual field bright hues arrest the eye, localizing as they isolate themselves from their surroundings. The aggressiveness or visual insistence of red is a spatial phenomenon, as is the radiating effect of a yellow, or the recessive quality of a light, desaturated blue.
[Ischemia of the vertebrobasilar territory: mechanisms and practical considerations].

Objective We first review historic, anatomic, and epidemiological aspects involving the vertebrobasilar territory ischemia. We describe the development of ideas regarding the stroke mechanisms and treatment in the posterior circulation. Key authors and their contributions are also mentioned. Development Several new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have emerged during the last few decades in cerebrovascular disease. The comprehension of the ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation is more difficult than carotid circulation. Thus, vertebrobasilar stroke represents a microcosm. Several mechanisms may explain the ischemic process (large artery disease, penetrating vessel disease, cardioembolism, unusual causes of stroke, and combined or undetermined causes). One of the most common is large artery atherosclerosis. Transient ischemic attacks, usually stereotyped, may be the clue for the earliest recognition. Correct diagnosis may improve the chance of effective therapy. Some practical considerations may help to identify the underlying cause of the stroke. Conclusions The prognosis in patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia depends on: a) the mechanism of the stroke, b) site of the vessel occlusion, c) thrombus propagation, d) collateral circulation, e) hemodynamic (hypertension, cardiac output, etc.), and hemorreologic factors (viscosity, hypercoagulable state, etc.), f) neurologic status, g) time to treatment. The accurate the diagnosis of the mechanism, the better the prognosis.
Making Hypothesis Testing More Effective

This chapter discusses the hypothesis-testing phase of the creative process. The hypothesis-testing process is often a problem-solving experience. The individual, thus, has to keep in mind the characteristics of the problem he is working on and adapt himself to them. He must have the capacity to tolerate frustration and have optimal motivation. It is important that he maintain his flexibility. Teaching, supervisory, and managerial personnel should also be aware of these factors involved in hypothesis-testing so that they will not only be supportive and encouraging to their personnel—even to the point of suggesting they set aside a problem for an extended period of time so that they can acquire a fresh view and return with more effective behavior—but will also assume more direct action in learning about the types of men they supervise, their capabilities, and the problems assigned to them. In doing so, they should be able to assign the right man to the right job—the man who has demonstrated most motivation and aesthetic sensitivity in working with certain kinds of problems so that creative results may be attained.
Relationship of job role and clinic type to perceived stigma and occupational stress among abortion workers.

Abstract Objective To describe the role of worksite characteristics, job role and abortion stigma in clinical abortion workers' occupational stress. Study design We recruited nurses, medical assistants and counseling staff who provide abortion care at five hospitals and four freestanding clinics in Massachusetts. Study instruments assessed individual-level abortion stigma (the perception that others treat abortion as shameful, dirty and socially taboo) using the Abortion Providers Stigma Scale; job strain through the Job Content Questionnaire; and emotional burnout through the Depersonalization, Emotional Exhaustion and Personal Accomplishment subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multivariable linear and logistic regression modeling tested for associations between job role, worksite type, stigma, job strain and burnout, accounting for demographic and job characteristics. Results Of 205 eligible workers, 136 participated (66%). Forty-one percent were medical assistants, 50% nurses, and 9% counselors. In adjusted models, abortion workers with high stigma had increased odds of experiencing job strain [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.94, 95% CI 1.19–13.05]. Compared to working in a freestanding clinic, working in a hospital was associated with lower odds of experiencing the low personal accomplishment dimension of burnout (aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29–0.84) and lower odds of experiencing the depersonalization dimension of burnout (aOR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01–0.28). Counselors had higher odds of depersonalization compared to nurses (aOR 4.56, 95% CI 2.3–9.0). Conclusion Hospital-based abortion workers experience lower risk for burnout than comparable workers in freestanding clinics, accounting for abortion stigma and job characteristics. Implications Implementing structured supports to alter workflows or improve coping among workers in freestanding abortion clinics may help mitigate risk of worker burnout and associated turnover.
Quality of Life and Psychological Distress in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Abstract Background: Older patients with AML face difficult treatment decisions as they can be treated either with multi-drug ‘intensive’ chemotherapy requiring a prolonged hospitalization, or ‘non-intensive’ chemotherapy. Although intensive chemotherapy is often perceived by clinicians as more burdensome, studies comparing patients' quality of life (QOL) and psychological distress while receiving these treatments are lacking. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study of older patients (≥ 60 years) newly diagnosed with AML receiving intensive (i.e. 7+3: cytarabine/anthracycline combination) or non-intensive (i.e. hypomethylating agents) chemotherapy at two tertiary care hospitals. We assessed patient's QOL [Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia], and psychological distress [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]] at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after diagnosis. We compared the proportion of patients in each group reporting clinically significant depression or anxiety (HADS subscale cut off ≥ 7) and used mixed linear effects models to compare QOL and psychological distress longitudinally between groups. Results: We enrolled consecutive patients within 72 hours of initiating intensive (n=50) or non-intensive (n=50) chemotherapy. There were no differences in baseline QOL, depression, or anxiety symptoms between the groups. At baseline, 33.33% (33/100) and 30% (30/100) of the overall cohort reported clinically significant depression and anxiety, respectively, with no differences between groups. At 4 weeks, 41.98% (34/81) of patients in the overall cohort reported clinically significant depression, with no differences between groups. In mixed linear effects models, there were no differences in QOL (β=-0.71, SE=1.12, P=0.527), depression (β=0.24, SE=0.20, P=0.226), or anxiety (β=-0.16, SE=0.19, P=0.386) symptoms between groups over time. Conclusion: Older patients with AML receiving intensive and non-intensive chemotherapy experience similar QOL impairments and high rates of psychological distress. These findings underscore the need to develop supportive care interventions for older patients with AML, regardless of their initial treatment strategy. Disclosures Brunner: Takeda: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding. Fathi: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria; Boston Biomedical: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria. DeAngelo: ARIAD: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Shire: Honoraria; Blueprint Medicines: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer Inc: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy; Glycomimetics: Research Funding; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria. Amrein: Takeda: Research Funding.
Abstract A30: Differential processing of let 7a precursors influences gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer: Role of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2.

Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) involved in deoxyribonucleotide synthesis acts as a key determinant of chemoresistance to nucleoside drugs (e.g., gemcitabine) used in treating pancreatic cancer. While silencing RRM2 expression by synthetic means (e.g., siRNA) improves the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, targeting endogenous molecules to advance gemcitabine chemotherapeutic responses has never been explored. Based on existing evidence and computational predictions, we hypothesized that the let-7 tumor suppressor microRNAs will inhibit RRM2-mediated gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Reduced expression of the majority of let-7 miRNAs with an inverse relationship to RRM2 expression was identified in inherently gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Direct binding of let-7 miRNA to the 3’-UTR of RRM2 transcripts identified post-transcriptional repression of RRM2 as a novel phenomenon influencing gemcitabine chemosensitivity. Intriguingly, overexpression of human precursor-let-7 miRNAs led to differential RRM2 expression and gemcitabine chemosensitization in a poorly differentiated gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. Defective processing of the let-7a precursors to mature forms explained, in part, the discrepancies observed with let-7a expressional outcomes. Screening putative regulators of let-7a biogenesis in MIA PaCa-2 cells identified LIN-28 and SET oncoprotein to differentially modulate let-7 biogenesis and chemosensitivity in gemcitabinesensitive versus-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, acquired gemcitabine chemoresistance was found to be less dependent on let-7 alterations. These data demonstrate an intricate post-transcriptional regulation of RRM2 expression by let-7 and that the manipulation of let-7 processing machinery may provide a mechanism for improving gemcitabine chemosensitivity in innately-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Citation Format: Yangzom Bhutia, Sau Hung, Michael Thomson, Rajgopal Govindarajan. Differential processing of let 7a precursors influences gemcitabine chemosensitivity in pancreatic cancer: Role of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr A30.
Female and Female Underrepresented Engineering Technology Students: Background, and Influences

In this Research to Practice Full Paper it is recognized that four-year engineering technology programs include far more African American students than four-year engineering programs. Comparisons of studies focused on engineering technology or engineering programs or both programs indicate that this difference is considerable and is evident over a period of at least a decade. These findings support the need for research on the underrepresented engineering technology student population.There is a great deal of diversity research in engineering, and some of the other fields often associated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). However, this is not the case with the student population in engineering technology. Studies on engineering technology students often focus on students in the majority, which proves to be white male students. This results in the lack of focus and understanding of whom the underrepresented students are and their formal and informal learning influences. Learning in the formal and informal community and family environments have been shown by research to support and influence student choices as well as their future success. Thus, the influence of the underrepresented engineering technology student’s past and current environments is significant but relatively unknown.Researchers intended to gather data from underrepresented engineering technology student populations with a survey they developed. The survey queries student demographics, community and school support and preparation for the university experience, as well as their plans for the future. The original survey distribution resulted in responses from the students in the majority. The responses resulted in an understanding of the students in the majority, again leaving underrepresented students out of the study results. The survey has been re-distributed to primarily female and female underrepresented groups with the intent of furthering our understanding of the female and female underrepresented engineering technology students, their demographic, their past, and future. Thus increasing our knowledge of the contrasts of these students will support recruitment and retention efforts by these universities’ administration.