cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of olfactory bulb norepinephrine in early olfactory learning.

Abstract Wistar rat pups were implanted with bilateral olfactory bulb cannulas on postnatal day 5 (PN5). On PN6, pups were trained in an olfactory classical conditioning task with peppermint odor as the CS and tactile stimulation/stroking as the UCS. Pups were randomly assigned to either PAIRED, BACKWARD or ODOR-only conditions. Half the pups in each group received intrabulbar infusions of 100 μM propranolol and half received intrabulbar infusions of saline during the training session. Propranolol infusions blocked acquisition of the learned odor preference expressed by PAIRED saline-infused pups. Diffusion of the infusate was checked in additional pups by infusing [ 3 H]NE and performing LSC analysis. Infusate concentration did not significantly differ between the anterior and posterior halves of the bulb, but were sharply lower in the olfactory peduncle and more posterior areas. The results suggest olfactory bulb NE is critical for early olfactory learning.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation alters intestinal epithelial permeability

Abstract BACKGROUND & AIMS: Infection of epithelial cells with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induces phosphorylation of the 20-kilodalton myosin light chain (MLC20). The physiological consequence of this biochemical observation, however, has not been discerned. The aim of this study was to determine if EPEC-induced phosphorylation of MLC20 was involved in the associated perturbation of intestinal epithelial barrier function. METHODS: Cultured intestinal epithelial cells, T84, were infected with EPEC. The effects of protein kinase inhibitors on EPEC-induced perturbation of barrier function were assessed using electrophysiological techniques. Alterations in MLC20 phosphorylation were correlated with functional responses. RESULTS: Inhibition of myosin light chain kinase, but not protein kinase C or tyrosine kinase, prevented the decrease in resistance caused by EPEC infection and significantly diminished EPEC-induced MLC20 phosphorylation. Epithelial cell monolayers genetically manipulated to constitutively increase MLC20 phosphorylation were relatively resistant to the effects of EPEC on barrier function. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, these data show that a physiological consequence of the long-recognized increase in MLC20 phosphorylation by EPEC is perturbation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, which probably contributes to the diarrhea associated with this infection. (Gastroenterology 1997 Dec;113(6):1873-82)
Effects of limestone dust accumulation on composition of a forest community

Abstract Two sites in southwestern Virginia were sampled to determine the effects of dust accumulation on structure and composition of a forest community. The sites were similar in all respects except for dust accumulation. One site, the control, had essentially no dust accumulation, whereas the other had heavy accumulation from limestone processing plants. When compared with the control site, significant changes in structure and composition were found to have occurred in the seedling-shrub and sapling strata of the experimental site. Dominance in the tree stratum was also shown to be changing. Leading dominants in the control site were Quercus prinus, Q. rubra, and Acer rubrum, whereas those in the dusty site were Quercus alba, Q. rubra, and Liriodendron tulipifera. Species expected to assume ultimate dominance in the experimental site, if dust accumulation continues, are L. tulipifera, Acer saccharum, and, possibly, Quercus muehlenbergii. This is the first known attempt to assess the long-term effects of dust accumulation on structure and composition of forest communities.
Modulation of Bacteriophage T4 Capsid Size

Bacteriophage T4 capsid assembly requires the vertex protein (gp24). Mutations that bypass this requirement are found in gene 23, which produces the major capsid protein (gp23). The latter were used to study the role of gp24 in head length control. We found that gp24 is no longer present in the capsids of several gp24 bypass mutants. We measured the capsid lengths of several of these bypass mutants, because gp24 had been reported to be implicated in head length control. One bypass mutant (reported in 1977) produced 40-60% short headed ("petite") phage in the presence of wild-type amounts of gp24. The bypass mutations, when combined with amber mutations in gene 24, produced normal size heads in either suppressor or nonsuppressor host bacteria. When several known bypass mutations were back-crossed with wild-type phage, one-third of the byp/24wt mutants isolated produced large amounts of petite phage, indicating that the ability to produce petite phage is a general property of the bypass mutations. Sequencing several of these bypass mutants showed that those that produced petite phage contained at least one additional missense mutation in gene 23. This suggests that gp24 itself has no direct role in head length regulation, but that in the presence of bypass 24 mutations and certain easily acquired gene 23 mutations (called trb) the gp23-gp24 interactions can modulate head length.
Capturing the energetics of water insertion in biological systems: The water flooding approach

Consistent description of the effect of internal water in proteins has been a major challenge for both simulation and experimental studies. Describing this effect has been particularly important and elusive in cases of charges in protein interiors. Here, we present a new microscopic method that provides an efficient way for simulating the energetics of water insertion. Instead of performing explicit Monte Carlo (MC) moves on the insertion process, which generally involves an enormous number of rejected attempts, our method is based on generating trial configurations with excess amount of internal water, estimating the relevant free energy by the linear response approximation, and then using a postprocessing MC treatment to filter out a limited number of configurations from a large possible set. Our approach is validated on particularly challenging test cases including the pK(a) of the V66D mutation in Staphylococcal nuclease, Glu286 in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and the energetics of a protonated water molecule in the D channel of CcO. The new postprocessing method allows us to reproduce the relevant energetics of highly unstable charges in protein interiors using fully microscopic calculations and provides a substantial improvement over regular microscopic free energy estimates. This advance established the effectiveness of our water insertion strategy in challenging cases that have not been addressed successfully by other microscopic methods. Furthermore, our study provides a new exciting view on the crucial effect of water penetration in key biological systems as well as a new view on the nature of the dielectric in protein interiors.
Isolation, characterization, and diversity of microorganisms from amber

Retrieval of viable bacteria from fossil material dating from the Oligocene back to the Miocene opens the opportunity to study the evolution of prokaryotes through the evolution of their DNA, their physiology, and their ecology. This unique system in which ancient organisms and their genes may be compared directly, rather than by inference, with modern homologues is without precedent. Clearly, however, confirmation of the fossil origin of such isolates must be made in a manner that would allay reasonable skepticism. Present approaches of verification of authenticity of fossil DNA are either arbitrary or potentially unconvincing, because of their dependence on imprecise methodological observations. New approaches for verification must be developed at the same time as further research in fossil bacterial isolation and characterization proceeds. The discovery that viable bacterial spores from fossil materials opens the way to direct assessment of the evolution of complex biochemical systems in prokaryotic systems and to explore mechanisms for long term survival of microorganisms.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Geometric Programming for Communication Systems

Geometric Programming (GP) is a class of nonlinear optimization with many useful theoretical and computational properties. Over the last few years, GP has been used to solve a variety of problems in the analysis and design of communication systems in several 'layers' in the communication network architecture, including information theory problems, signal processing algorithms, basic queuing system optimization, many network resource allocation problems such as power control and congestion control, and cross-layer design. We also start to understand why, in addition to how, GP can be applied to a surprisingly wide range of problems in communication systems. These applications have in turn spurred new research activities on GP, especially generalizations of GP formulations and development of distributed algorithms to solve GP in a network. This text provides both an in-depth tutorial on the theory, algorithms, and modeling methods of GP, and a comprehensive survey on the applications of GP to the study of communication systems.
Austin's ‘Sense and Sensibilia’

This book was reconstructed by G. J. Warnock from notes Professor J. L. Austin prepared for a course of lectures he first gave in Oxford in Trinity Term, 1947, under the title ‘Problems of Philosophy’. The title was changed to ‘Sense and Sensibilia’ the following year. Mr Warnock deserves to be commended for a piece of work which must have been as difficult as its result is excellent. It is a considerable feat of sympathetic identification to have achieved the kind of continuity and order of thought as well as the stylistic continuity found in the book from the sketchy lecture notes a practised lecturer like Austin would need. Mr Warnock assures the reader in his Foreword that ‘…in all points of substance (and in many points of phraseology) his argument was the argument which this book contains’, and there can be no doubt whatever that Austin's thoughts have been recorded meticulously and with admirable clarity.
Oncogenic transformation produced by agents and modalities used in cancer therapy and its modulation.

The long-term survival of certain patients after treatment with radiation or chemotherapeutic agents has allowed the realization that agents that effectively control cancer in the human subject may also possess an oncogenic potential, resulting in secondary malignancies in a significant proportion of surviving patients. A quantitative assessment of the oncogenic effects of these agents at a cellular level is important, as is information on conditions and agents that may effectively alter the development of the neoplastic state. Cell culture systems where the neoplastic transformation of cells can be scored after exposure to carcinogens offer powerful tools for evaluating the oncogenic potential of radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.
Recombinant Human Transforming Growth Factor-β1: Expression by Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells, Isolation, and Characterization

A partial cDNA clone encoding the gene for human transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) was isolated from a human bladder carcinoma cell line (5637) cDNA library. Following restriction enzyme processing and ligation of synthetic oligonucleotide linkers, the gene was inserted into a plasmid and transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Clonal selection and growth conditions resulted in a method for production of recombinant human TGF-beta 1 at 7 mg/liter in conditioned cell medium. Through a combination of low pH treatment, cation-exchange chromatography, and salt precipitation, the recombinant human TGF-beta 1 was purified in milligram amounts to > 95% purity in a yield of about 36%. Purification to homogeneity was accomplished by chromatography on C18 silica gel. Amino acid analysis, N-terminal sequencing, and growth inhibition assays indicate identity with the molecule from human platelets.
Dual-beam, six-terminal nanoelectromechanical relays

A novel design for a six-terminal nanoelectromechanical relay is presented. The design includes a secondary beam in the signal pathway of the device, which allows direct contact between the source and drain. The advantages of the new design include avoidance of fabrication-based contact degradation during the isolation etch, lower sensitivity to high gap variations and reduction in the number of contacts needed to close the signal pathway. Also, the new design introduces a novel anti-stiction mechanism. An analytical model is presented which compares the mechanical behavior of the new design to the older design. The devices are fabricated using a silicon nitride hard mask with an ammonium hydroxide based etchant. An inverter made using the new design is demonstrated.
Semigroups of Operators on Hardy Spaces and Cocycles of Holomorphic Flows

In this paper the strongly continuous semigroups of bounded cocycle-weighted composition operators for holomorphic flows on Hardy spaces are characterized. In the process, an easy-to-check criterion for an operator to be a weighted composition operator is established.
A 48-year-old woman with nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and weight loss.

She has lost 20 pounds in the last 1 1/2 years. What is the cause, and what is the treatment?
Trochanteric heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty performed using a direct lateral approach

A unique pattern and location of symptomatic heterotopic ossification (HO) was observed in patients having total hip arthroplasty (THA) performed using a direct lateral approach, situated outside the hip capsule, distal, lateral, and anterior to the greater trochanter, designated as trochanteric heterotopic ossification (THO). Radiographs of 1420 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties were reviewed. Three hundred and seventy hips (26%) developed HO around the hip and greater trochanter. One hundred of these hips (27%) demonstrated THO, without classic HO. Of the 270 cases containing a Brooker component, 110 hips exhibited additional HO (THO). Thus, THO occurred in 210 (14.8%) of 1420 THAs. Two patients required surgical excision of the HO after maturity, gaining full relief without recurrence. Trochanteric heterotopic ossification should be considered as a possible cause of early postoperative pain after THA performed using a direct lateral approach.
Optimal storage coordination for minimal wind generation schedule deviation

With growing wind penetration, integration of storage units with wind power is being considered critical to improving the reliability of wind farms in meeting committed generation schedules. However, operational constraints such as limited energy of storage units, in addition to the inherent variability of wind power, limit the maximum generation commitment that can be met reliably by a wind farm operating in combination with a storage plant. This paper presents a Dynamic Programming (DP) based method for computing an optimal storage dispatch for a storage unit coupled with a wind farm over the period of one hour with the objective of minimizing generation schedule deviations. Tests on a simplified model of a wind-storage plant connected to a load verify the desired objectives. A simple rule based computation method has also been presented as an alternative methodology to compare the results of the DP based method. Results provide insights about the maximum generation commitment the combined wind-storage unit can meet without deviations over the scheduling horizon.
Angle-resolved scatterfield microscope for linewidth measurement

Angle-resolved scatterfield microscope (ARSM) is developed for several years. It combines the optical microscope and angle-resolved scatterometer with a relay lens and an aperture. In our research, the spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to instead of the relay lens and the aperture. In the SLM, the phase modulation is used to simulate the Fresnel lens, and then an incident plane wave is modulated and focused on the back focal plane of the objective lens. A plane wave with an angle which is according to the position of focused point on the back focal plane is emitted from the entrance pupil of the objective lens. By modulating the SLM, the angle of plane wave from the objective lens can be changed. In our system, an objective lens with NA 0.95 and the magnification of 50 is used for wide angle scan. A bare silicon wafer and a grating with the pitch of 417nm are measured with full-angle scan. By using the SLM, the advantage is full-optical modulation, that is, the mechanical motion is not needed in the ARSM. Thus, the system will have higher throughput and stabilization.
Chromosome motion during attachment to the vertebrate spindle: initial saltatory-like behavior of chromosomes and quantitative analysis of force production by nascent kinetochore fibers.

Before forming a monopolar attachment to the closest spindle pole, chromosomes attaching in newt (Taricha granulosa) pneumocytes generally reside in an optically clear region of cytoplasm that is largely devoid of cytoskeletal components, organelles, and other chromosomes. We have previously demonstrated that chromosome attachment in these cells occurs when an astral microtubule contacts one of the kinetochores (Hayden, J., S. S. Bowser, and C. L. Rieder. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:1039-1045), and that once this association is established the chromosome can be transported poleward along the surface of the microtubule (Rieder, C. L., and S. P. Alexander. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:81-95). In the study reported here we used video enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy and digital image processing to compare, at high spatial and temporal resolution (0.1 microns and 0.93 s, respectively), the microtubule-mediated poleward movement of attaching chromosomes and poleward moving particles on the spindle. The results of this analysis demonstrate obvious similarities between minus end-directed particle motion on the newt pneumocyte spindle and the motion of attaching chromosomes. This is consistent with the hypothesis that both are driven by a similar force-generating mechanism. We then used the Brownian displacements of particles in the vicinity of attaching chromosomes to calculate the apparent viscosity of cytoplasm through which the chromosomes were moving. From these data, and that from our kinetic analyses and previous work, we calculate the force-producing potential of nascent kinetochore fibers in newt pneumocytes to be approximately 0.1-7.4 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) This is essentially equivalent to that calculated by Nicklas (Nicklas, R.B. 1988. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 17:431-449) for prometaphase (4 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) and anaphase (5 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) chromosomes in Melanoplus. Thus, within the limits of experimental error, there appears to be a remarkable consistency in force production per microtubule throughout the various stages of mitosis and between groups of diverse taxonomic affinities.
Development of a Java Applet for Generating Truck Trips from Freight Data

As freight transportation becomes a more significant concern, the ability to estimate accurately truck trips generated by freight activity at an intermodal facility is important for transportation engineering and planning. Truck trip generation models that used vessel freight data were developed by the University of Central Florida Transportation Systems Institute and have been statistically proved to determine accurately the number of trucks generated at a seaport. To apply these previously developed models more efficiently, a Java applet was developed to execute a selected artificial neural network (ANN) port model and a trainable ANN port model. This applet provides the user with an easy-to-understand interface for entering data and executing models. The two models developed were the Port Everglades ANN model and a hybrid of the Port Everglades model that allowed the user to retrain the ANN model before execution for desired data. Although the trainable model requires additional retraining with new dat...
A method to provide improved dose-response estimates for airborne pathogens in animals: an example using porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Abstract This paper describes a method to provide improved probability estimates that exposure to a specific dose of an airborne infectious pathogen will result in animal infection. Individual animals were exposed to a specific dose of airborne pathogen. Following exposure, animals were individually housed and monitored for evidence of infection. The detection of specific antibodies and/or the pathogen in diagnostic specimens was evidence that the exposure dose resulted in infection. If replicated over a range of doses, the results can be used to derive a dose–response curve for a variety of animal species and infectious pathogens. This information is useful in estimating the likelihood of infection associated with exposure to airborne infectious microorganisms. Applications include predicting the risk of transmission associated with exposure to airborne pathogens, modeling the transmission of airborne pathogens, and determining requirements for effective exposure doses for vaccines delivered in aerosols.
Using touch or imagined touch to compensate for loss of proprioception: A case study

Proprioception is the sense of the position of one's own body. Here, we present a case study of an individual with proprioceptive loss in one limb consequent to stroke. The patient indicated that merely touching his impaired arm with his unimpaired arm temporarily restored his proprioception. We examined this claim and the effects of imagined touch by the unimpaired arm. Assessments were made using three-dimensional tracking of reaching trajectories towards targets in conditions of light and darkness. Both actual and imagined touching significantly reduced movement error and jerk, specifically for targets located in regions that both hands would be able to reach.
Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships

Pentastomids are a small group of vermiform animals with unique morphology and parasitic lifestyle. They are generally recognized as being related to the Arthropoda; however, the nature of this relationship is controversial. We have determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the pentastomid Armillifer armillatus and complete or nearly complete mtDNA sequences from representatives of four previously unsampled groups of Crustacea: Remipedia (Speleonectes tulumensis), Cephalocarida (Hutchinsoniella macracantha), Cirripedia (Pollicipes polymerus) and Branchiura (Argulus americanus). Analyses of the mtDNA gene arrangements and sequences determined in this study indicate unambiguously that pentastomids are a group of modified crustaceans probably related to branchiurans. In addition, gene arrangement comparisons strongly support an unforeseen assemblage of pentastomids with maxillopod and cephalocarid crustaceans, to the exclusion of remipedes, branchiopods, malacostracans and hexapods.
Selective vs Argon laser trabeculoplasty: controversy in evolution.

T IS OFTEN A DIFFICULT TASK TO DECIDE WHEN TO incorporate new technologies, such as selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), into our clinical regimen. Openangle glaucoma is a chronic, slowly progressing disease in which the effects of treatment on the quality of life are realized only after several years or even decades. Thus, determining the relative effectiveness of new treatments requires patient observation of the evolving literature, selfcritical assessment of our clinical experience, and welldesigned long-term randomized comparative trials to justify widespread modification of our therapeutic paradigms. Despite the need for well-designed studies, the continued rapid evolution in treatment options for glaucoma sometimes necessitate earlier adoption of some techniques as the evidence mounts for their effectiveness. This runs contrary to the beliefs of some that “true” evidence-based medicine should include only high-level randomized trials. While these critical studies form the cornerstone of evidence-based knowledge, they should not be considered the sole source on which decisions can be made, and even randomized clinical trials may be limited in generalizability. The existing literature should be thoughtfully interpreted in its entirety to guide the course of evolving practice paradigms. While we should not ignore the literature that forms the lower tiers of evidence, it should be cautiously interpreted considering weaknesses in study design and potential bias that may occur. This is often not a straightforward task, as there are noreal formulaic methods in which we can digest this hierarchy of information. The early studies evaluating new techniques often exhibit significant bias owing to the pressures inherent in the marketplace of healthcare delivery, conflicts of interest of investigators, and the natural sense of initial investigators to favor a technology they may have had a role in creating. At what point the transition to a new technology occurs is often an individual decision based on varying levels of information from the literature, clinical experience, and local factors that may effect the ease of implementation within a practitioner’s patient population. Several major considerations must be addressed before widespread institution of a new intervention. The biologic plausibility, effectiveness, and side effects compared with
Analysis of Reliability and Resilience for Smart Grids

Smart grids, where cyber infrastructure is used to make power distribution more dependable and efficient, are prime examples of modern infrastructure systems. The cyber infrastructure provides monitoring and decision support intended to increase the dependability and efficiency of the system. This comes at the cost of vulnerability to accidental failures and malicious attacks, due to the greater extent of virtual and physical interconnection. Any failure can propagate more quickly and extensively, and as such, the net result could be lowered reliability. In this paper, we describe metrics for assessment of two phases of smart grid operation: the duration before a failure occurs, and the recovery phase after an inevitable failure. The former is characterized by reliability, which we determine based on information about cascading failures. The latter is quantified using resilience, which can in turn facilitate comparison of recovery strategies. We illustrate the application of these metrics to a smart grid based on the IEEE 9-bus test system.
Factors and outcomes of decision making for cancer clinical trial participation.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors and outcomes related to the decision-making process regarding participation in a cancer clinical trial. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive. SETTING: Urban, academic, National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center in the mid-Atlantic United States. SAMPLE: 197 patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS: Mailed survey using one investigator-developed instrument, eight instruments used in published research, and a medical record review. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: disease context, sociodemographics, hope, quality of life, trust in healthcare system, trust in health professional, preference for research decision control, understanding risks, and information. DEPENDENT VARIABLES: decision to accept or decline research participation and satisfaction with this decision. FINDINGS: All of the factors within the Research Decision Making Model together predicted cancer clinical trial participation and satisfaction with this decision. The most frequently preferred decision-making style for research participation was shared (collaborative) (83%). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple factors affect decision making for cancer clinical trial participation and satisfaction with this decision. Shared decision making previously was an unrecognized factor and requires further investigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Enhancing the process of research decision making may facilitate an increase in cancer clinical trial enrollment rates. Oncology nurses have unique opportunities as educators and researchers to support shared decision making by those who prefer this method for deciding whether to accept or decline cancer clinical trial participation.
Acoustic representation of tomographic data

Tomographic data and tomographic reconstructions are naturally periodic in the angle of rotation of the turntable and the polar angel of the coordinates in the object, respectively. Similarly, acoustic waves are periodic and have amplitude and wavelength as free parameters that can be fit to another representation. Work has been in progress for some time in bringing the acoustic senses to bear on large data sets rather than just the visual sense. We will provide several different acoustic representations of both raw data and density maps. Rather than graphical portrayal of the data and reconstructions, you will be presented various 'tone poems.'
Results of Airplane Dusting in the Control of Cotton Boll Worm (Hello This Obsoleta Fab.)

Large scale airplane dusting operations in the Brazos River Bottoms near College Station, Texas, in 1927 indicated that boll weevil might be successfully controlled by the use of from five to six pounds of calcium arsenate per acre. Boll worms however, were not controlled and increased on the dusted area throughout the season. General observations indicated that more boll worm damage appeared on the heavily dusted cotton than on the untreated areas.
Recognizing UTIs in infants and children. Early treatment prevents permanent damage.

PREVIEWUrinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants and children often go undiagnosed because primary care physicians do not recognize the signs, which are distinct from those in adults. Diagnosis of UTI in this age-group is also complicated by the difficulty of collecting uncontaminated urine specimens for culture. In this article, Dr Bartkowski discusses the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of UTI to prevent complications, including kidney scarring that may lead to hypertension and renal failure.
Visualization of multivariate data: Human-factors considerations

Recent software provides new tools for visualizing multivariate data that facilitate data analysis. We focus on (1) the learnability and use of visualization systems, and (2) the perceptual and cognitive processes involved in viewing visualizations. Effective visualization systems support a broad range of user tasks and abilities, are easy to learn, and provide powerful and flexible output formatting. Effective visualizations incorporate Gestalt and other perceptual and cognitive principles that encourage more rapid, automatic processing, and less slow, controlled processing.
AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF A SIGNALING VALUE FUNCTION FOR DIVIDENDS

The purpose of this study is to address the reliability of dividend signals. To determine if dividend signals are followed by changes in earnings in a direction consistent with the signal, the dividend-earning relationship is examined using both Granger tests of causality and nonparametric tests. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that dividend signals are followed by unanticipated changes in earnings in the subsequent two quarters.
Assessment of Locus of Control: Situational Specificity in the Sexual Context

Abstract Past research indicates that one's beliefs about the control of rewards and aversive events critically affect the quality of one's life. The concept of locus of control (LC) has been a focal point for this prior work. Few studies have examined the explanatory power of the LC concept in sexual (excluding reproductive) contexts. Problematic for past work has been the use of LC measures not developed specifically for sex research. The present study discusses methodological and conceptual issues involved in assessing LC, reports on the development of an LC measure relevant to the sexual dyad (the DSR), and compares the DSR to a general LC measure not developed expressly for sex research (the NSLC). The DSR was found to (a) have satisfactory reliability and validity, (b) correlate with sexual dyadic variables (e.g., frequency of orgasm, dyadic sexual satisfaction) but not monadic variables (e.g., masturbation frequency, masturbation attitudes), and (c) have significantly larger correlations with dyadi...
AFLP Analyses of Genetic Diversity in Bentgrass

Bentgrasses (Agrostis spp.) are widely occurring temperate grasses with more than 220 species that represent a vast resource for genetic improvement of turfgrass cultivars. Bentgrasses are normally outcrossing species and exhibit many ploidy levels. Difficulties in morphological characterization, which are largely subjected to environmental influences, have resulted in many synonymous species and uncertainties in phylogenetic relationships. To study the genetic diversity and relationships between bentgrass species, 40 accessions from the USDA's germplasm collection representing 14 species of Agrostis from twenty countries were investigated by fluorescence-labeled amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Four hundred AFLP markers from five chosen primer combinations were used to differentiate between bentgrass accessions of a bulk of 25 genotypes per accession. Genetic similarities between accessions ranged from 0.62 to 0.98 showing no duplication in the collection and a high level of diversity in Agrostis. Both principal component analysis and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram clearly distinguished seven groups. Genetic relationships between diploids and other polyploids were revealed in the cluster groupings.
FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI require FtsK, but not FtsN, for co‐localization with FtsZ during Escherichia coli cell division

During cell division in Gram-negative bacteria, the cell envelope invaginates and constricts at the septum, eventually severing the cell into two compartments, and separating the replicated genetic materials. In Escherichia coli, at least nine essential gene products participate directly in septum formation: FtsA, FtsI, FtsL, FtsK, FtsN, FtsQ, FtsW, FtsZ and ZipA. All nine proteins have been localized to the septal ring, an equatorial ring structure at the division site. We used translational fusions to green fluorescent protein (GFP) to demonstrate that FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI localize to potential division sites in filamentous cells depleted of FtsN, but not in those depleted of FtsK. We also constructed translational fusions of FtsZ, FtsA, FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI to enhanced cyan or yellow fluorescent protein (ECFP or EYFP respectively), GFP variants with different fluorescence spectra. Examination of cells expressing different combinations of the fusions indicated that FtsA, FtsQ, FtsL and FtsI co-localize with FtsZ in filaments depleted of FtsN. These localization results support the model that E. coli cell division proteins assemble sequentially as a multimeric complex at the division site: first FtsZ, then FtsA and ZipA independently of each other, followed successively by FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL, FtsW, FtsI and FtsN.
A framework for managing customer expectations

Marketing scholars have argued that firms should meet or exceed customer expectations in order to achieve customer satisfaction. Often, however, customer expectations maybe unjustified, infeasible, or unproductive to meet. These need to be shaped rather than fulfilled. The authors identify three broad approaches to the shaping of customer expectations: human resource management, framing, and compliance. These are described along with the type of expectation shaping tasks for which each is appropriate and illustrations of marketing mix tools which implement them.
Complete mass spectra of the per-trimethylsilylated amino acids

Abstract The complete mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of 46 amino acids are presented. The spectra are discussed in terms of the common fragmentation pathways and factors controlling the fragment formation. The aliphatic α-amino acids are characterized by a molecular ion, M—15 (CH3), M—43 (CH3 + CO), M—117 (CO2TMS), and M—R. The β-amino acids are characterized by a more intense molecular ion, M—15, M—43, a small M—117, and presence of other functional groups results in more complex spectra. In sulfur amino acids, additional fragments were observed for CS and SS bond cleavage with charge retention on both fragments. For serine and threonine, hydroxyl groups caused more prominent cleavage of M—R than would otherwise be expected. Additional amino groups result in β-cleavage to this functional group. Aromatic substitution on the α-carbon results in the additional fragment R. The spectra for 4-aminobutyric acid, and 4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid are presented. These amino acids are characterized by a molecular ion, M—15, M—117, and β-cleavage to the amino group. The trimethylsilyl derivative of arginine was found to be identical with that of ornithine. This transformation was shown to occur during the trimethylsilylation step. The trimethylsilyl derivatives are particularly known for their multiple derivative formation. For amino acids, the multiple derivative formation is controlled by the steric hindrance of the amino group within the molecule.
Alternative modular polyketide synthase expression controls macrolactone structure

Modular polyketide synthases are giant multifunctional enzymes that catalyse the condensation of small carboxylic acids such as acetate and propionate into structurally diverse polyketides that possess a spectrum of biological activities. In a modular polyketide synthase, an enzymatic domain catalyses a specific reaction, and three to six enzymatic domains involved in a condensation-processing cycle are organized into a module. A fundamental aspect of a modular polyketide synthase is that its module arrangement linearly specifies the structure of its polyketide product. Here we report a natural example in which alternative expression of the pikromycin polyketide synthase results in the generation of two macrolactone structures. Expression of the full-length modular polyketide synthase PikAIV in Streptomyces venezuelae generates the 14-membered ring macrolactone narbonolide, whereas expression of the amino-terminal truncated form of PikAIV leads to 'skipping' of the final condensation cycle in polyketide biosynthesis to generate the 12-membered ring macrolactone 10-deoxymethynolide. Our findings provide insight into the structure and function of modular polyketide synthases, as well as a new set of tools to generate structural diversity in polyketide natural products.
Measurement of total urethral compliance in females with stress incontinence

Urodynamic evaluation of stress incontinence has failed to result in consistent diagnostic parameters. Using retrospective female bladder pressure and urine flow data, we evaluated two parameters based on a conductance formula. This formula was derived from fitting a classical fluid dynamic equation to published data of voiding cystourethography. The Area Equivalent Factor-female at maximal flow represents maximal urethral opening and this value further divided by the pressure is the total urethral compliance. A stress incontinent group had a strong trend toward greater maximal urethral opening and total urethral compliance than a continent group. These parameters may, therefore, have potential in the evaluation and understanding of stress urinary incontinence.
Math expression retrieval using an inverted index over symbol pairs

ABSTRACT We introduce a new method for indexing and retrieving mathematical expressions, and a new protocol forevaluating math formula retrieval systems. The Tangent search engine uses an inverted index over pairs ofsymbols in math expressions. Each key in the index is a pair of symbols along with their relative distanceand vertical displacement within an expression. Matched expressions are ranked by the harmonic mean of thepercentage of symbol pairs matched in the query, and the percentage of symbol pairs matched in the candidateexpression. We have found that our method is fast enough for use in real time and nds partial matches well, suchas when subexpressions are re-arranged (e.g. expressions moved from the left to the right of an equals sign) orwhen individual symbols (e.g. variables) di er from a query expression. In an experiment using expressions fromEnglish Wikipedia, student and faculty participants (N=20) found expressions returned by Tangent signi cantlymore similar than those from a text-based retrieval system (Lucene) adapted for mathematical expressions.Participants provided similarity ratings using a 5-point Likert scale, evaluating expressions from both algorithmsone-at-a-time in a randomized order to avoid bias from the position of hits in search result lists. For the Lucene-based system, precision for the top 1 and 10 hits averaged 60% and 39% across queries respectively, while forTangent mean precision at 1 and 10 were 99% and 60%. A demonstration and source code are publicly available.Keywords: Mathematical Information Retrieval (MIR), Performance evaluation, Symbol layout trees
Epileptogenic effects of status epilepticus

Determining whether and under what conditions status epilepticus (SE) leads to undesirable long-term sequelae has major clinical ramifications. In addition to structural brain damage and enduring neurological deficits following SE, it has been suggested that SE can establish a chronic condition of active epilepsy. These three residua (epileptic brain damage, neurological deficits, and epilepsy) have been especially linked to protracted SE. The older clinical literature indicates that these sequelae are especially likely if SE occurs in an immature brain, but this point has been challenged in recent studies. Clinical and animal model work that examines the issue of chronic nervous system deficits arising as a consequence of SE is reviewed, with particular attention to the question of the epileptogenic effect of SE. Because of the inherent problem of not being able to exclude occult neurological disease antecedent to SE in brain, animal model work promises to be especially relevant to the issues at hand. Work done on adult rats has shown that a previously normal brain can be "converted" after a bout of SE to an epileptic brain, as manifest both by epileptic brain damage resembling that found in the hippocampus of patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy and by spontaneous recurrent seizures registered in the hippocampus. A two-step model is proposed: morphological brain injury takes place first and this change, in turn, promotes seizures. This model is offered as one way in which chronic active epilepsy can be established by a transient episode of SE. Although some findings from work with animal models have been interpreted as not supporting the idea that the immature brain is sensitive to a chronic epileptogenic influence initiated by SE, the majority of such work is consistent with this idea. On the other hand, a considerable amount of animal work indicates that the brains of immature animals are quite resistant to SE-induced brain damage, in contrast to those of adults. Thus, under these circumstances, a different process of epileptogenesis than the two-step model may be operational. It is concluded that, under appropriate conditions, SE does exert an epileptogenic effect that persists.
DMCA, CTEA, UCITA … Oh My! An Overview of Copyright Law and Its Impact on Library Acquisitions and Collection Development of Electronic Resources

SUMMARY The purpose of traditional copyright law was to encourage the creation of works based on and to ensure reasonable access to original thought. Despite this harmonious intent, an intrinsic tension exists between libraries and copyright holders, as the former promotes “free” access to information that ultimately reduces the income of the latter. The expansion of copyright laws to electronic documents has shifted the balance between these two interests. This article discusses recent copyright legislation and case law as well as provides an overview of the practical effects of these laws on day-to-day library acquisitions, collection development, and collection management activities.
Theoretical and experimental stability of two translating cable equilibria

Abstract Previous theoretical investigations of translating cables have been focused on the sagged cable equilibrium referred to here as the minimum catenary. The minimum catenary is stable for finite translation speeds [1, 2] and asymptotically approaches a buckling instability as the translation speed tends to infinity [2]. Experimental evidence presented in this paper validates this conclusion and the cable theory established in reference [2]. A second translating cable equilibrium is predicted in which the cable stands in the shape of an arch. This equilibrium, referred to as the maximum catenary, collapses for low translation speeds but becomes stable for sufficiently high translation speeds. The stability of the high speed maximum catenary is confirmed by experiment.
Abstract 25: PD 0332991, a selective CDK 4/6 inhibitor, preferentially inhibits growth of ovarian cancer cells with high Rb and low p16 (CDKN2A) expression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Cell cycle dysregulation is a common molecular finding in ovarian cancer and the cyclin-D kinases (CDK) represent an attractive target in this pathway. PD 0332991 (Pfizer Inc.) is an orally active potent and highly selective inhibitor of CDK 4 and CDK6 kinases with the ability to block pRb phosphorylation at serine 780 and 795 in the low nanomolar range. To identify predictors of response to PD 0332991, we determined the in vitro sensitivity to PD 0332991 in a large panel of molecularly characterized ovarian cancer cell lines, and then used baseline expression profiles and Western blot analyses to identify biomarkers associated with response to PD 0332991. These biomarkers were then validated in a large cohort of 324 ovarian cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. Methods: 40 human ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with PD 0332991 using two-fold dilutions over 12 concentrations. Dose response curves were generated using a cell count assay to calculate the IC50 across the panel. These data were then analyzed against baseline gene expression data to identify genes associated with sensitivity to PD 0332991. Western blot analysis was performed to validate these markers and to study the effects of PD 0332991 on pRb phosphorylation. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow-cytometry. Combination studies were performed to analyze the interaction between PD 0332991 and paclitaxel or carboplatin chemotherapy. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 324 ovarian cancer patients and IHC was performed for p16 and Rb expression. Long-term clinical follow up was available for all patients. Results: Concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects of PD 0332991were seen in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested, but varied significantly between individual cell lines with up to a 3 log-fold difference in the IC50s (IC50 range: 0.02 to >20 μmol/L). Cell lines with high Rb expression and low p16 expression by gene expression array and Western blot analyses were most sensitive to inhibition by PD 0332991. Cell lines treated with PD 0332991 showed clear G0/G1 arrest and a decrease in S-phase fraction in sensitive but not in resistant cell lines. In addition, Western blot showed that pRb phosphorylation is blocked in a concentration and time dependent manner. IHC for Rb and p16 allows the identification of ovarian cancer patients most likely to benefit from CDK4/6 inhibition. Outcome analyses are ongoing. Conclusion: PD 0332991 shows promising biologic activity in ovarian cancer cells. Assessment of Rb and p16 expression may help select patients who benefit from therapeutic strategies targeting CDK4/6 in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 25.