cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetism in MnO—Calculation of Near-Neighbor Spin Correlation Functions forT<TN

Taking into account the exchange-striction effects, the near-neighbor spin correlation functions of MnO are calculated for temperatures below the N\'eel temperature by using Green's-function techniques with a random-phase Tyablikov decoupling approximation. The resulting theoretical calculations are compared to some experimental results, and it is concluded that the lattice-distortion-induced biquadratic exchange effects are sufficient to explain the experimental data. The trigonal distortion and isotropic volume contraction parameters are found to be $\frac{j}{{J}_{2}}=0.019$ and $\frac{{j}_{2}}{{J}_{2}}=0.0021$, respectively. The observed anomalous behavior of the next-nearest-neighbor spin correlation function near the N\'eel temperature is theoretically explained.
INTERLAMELLAR AND MULTILAYER NITROGEN SORPTION BY HOMOIONIC MONTMORILLONITES

Abstrac~Nitrogen sorption by various homoionic montmorillonites was studied at 78~ The adsorption isotherms in the relative pressure range P/Po = 0.05-0.25 were found to be either Type I or Type II in the BET classification. The nitrogen sorption process was considered to be predominantly interlamellar when described by a Type I isotherm. With a Type II isotherm, the adsorption was assumed to be predominantly on those surfaces not in the interlamellar regions. It was concluded that only cations within a certain size range promote significant interlamellar nitrogen penetration in montmorillonites. The role of the smaller cations in nitrogen sorption by montmorillonites seems to be their influence on the external aggregate structures, Very large cations tend to clog up the interlamellar pores as well as some of the external voids.
Spawning site selection by European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in relation to oceanographic conditions in the Strait of Sicily

European anchovy egg occurrence and density data from summer surveys (1998–2007) and oceanographic data were examined to study the mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of anchovy spawning habitat in the Strait of Sicily. Quotient analysis indicated habitat preference for temperature (18–19°C), bottom depth (50–100 m), water column stability (13–14 cycle h−1), fluorescence (0.10–0.15 μg m−3 Chl a), salinity (37.5–37.6 PSU), current speed (0.20–0.25 m s−1) and density (26.7–26.8 kg m−3, σt). Canonical discriminant analysis identified temperature, column stability and fluorescence as major drivers of anchovy spawning habitat. Three of the 4 years which had lower egg abundance were warmer years, with low values of primary productivity. A geostrophic current flowing through the Strait (the Atlantic Ionic Stream, AIS) was confirmed as the main source of environmental variability in structuring the anchovy spawning ground by its influence on both the oceanography and distribution of anchovy eggs. This 10-yr data series demonstrates recurrent but also variable patterns of oceanographic flows and egg distribution. A lack of freshwater flow in this area appears to depress productivity in the region, but certain and variable combinations of environmental conditions can elevate production in some sub-areas in most years or other sub-areas in fewer years. These temporal and spatial patterns are consistent with an ocean triad theory postulating that processes of oceanographic enrichment, concentration, and retention may help predict fishery yields.
A variable turbidity maximum in the Kennebec estuary, Maine

A turbidity maximum has been observed in the Kennebec estuary during mode rate and low flow conditions near the upstream limit of salinity intrusion. Hydrographic, ADCP, and transmissometer data were collected at different river flow levels and seasons during 1995–1998. The location of the tip of the salt intrusion changes dramatically and during high runoff may be flushed from the channel of the estuary along with the accumulated particles in the turbidity maximum. It is hypothesized that the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) was absent 18% of the time with occurrences in all seasons during 1993–1999 based on river flow volumes from the Kennebec and Androscoggin Rivers throughout the study period. When the flow is moderate and low, which occurred 73% of the time on average, a region of high turbidity can be found as far as 40 km upstream of the mouth. Suspended particulate loads are low in the ETM, on the order of tens of mg l−1 and may vary with the length of time that the ETM has been present.
A product formula for multivariate Rogers–Szegő polynomials

Let \(H_n(t)\) denote the classical Rogers–Szegő polynomial, and let \(\tilde{H}_n(t_1, \ldots ,\) \( t_l)\) denote the homogeneous Rogers–Szegő polynomial in \(l\) variables, with indeterminate \(q\). There is a classical product formula for \(H_k(t)H_n(t)\) as a sum of Rogers–Szegő polynomials with coefficients being polynomials in \(q\). We generalize this to a product formula for the multivariate homogeneous polynomials \(\tilde{H}_n(t_1, \ldots , t_l)\). The coefficients given in the product formula are polynomials in \(q\) which are defined recursively, and we find closed formulas for several interesting cases. We then reinterpret the product formula in terms of symmetric function theory, where these coefficients become structure constants.
Influence functions for 2-D compound regions of complex configuration

This paper presents a detailed description of the algorithm for construction of influence (Green's) functions for a two-dimensional equation of potential over regions compound in nature. Several particular formulations are considered in the Cartesian, polar, and geographical coordinate systems. This paper also deals with an application of the Green's function method to the development of influence functions for compound multi-connected regions of complex configuration. Influence functions for appropriate simply connected regions, which have been constructed in advance, are utilized as the kernels of integral representations in the development.
Wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) use water surface waves in their reproductive behaviour

The ability to sense water surface waves has been described in only a few species, but across a wide taxonomic range. Water surface waves are typically used to localize prey or to avoid predators, and in some cases also for sexual communication. Here we add to the sparse knowledge of the use of this sensory modality by reporting observational and experimental evidence that wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) respond to water surface waves generated by conspecifics; that there are pronounced differences in response between males and females; and that they use surface waves in a behavioural context not previously reported for anuran reproductive behaviour: sexual eavesdropping. Because the water waves that elicit the described responses are incidental by-products of calling and locomotion behaviour, we consider this an example of sexual eavesdropping rather than sexual communication. Males quickly and accurately approach a surface wave source, thus aiding in mate acquisition which in this species is mainly achieved by scramble competition. By contrast, females move away from a surface wave source. This may help them avoid sexual harassment by mate-searching males. Because it assures that only the fastest, strongest, and potentially fittest males can amplex them, it may also be a strategy for indirect mate choice by females.
Prevalence of primary immune thrombocytopenia in Oklahoma

To determine the prevalence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Oklahoma regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. Patients with ITP were identified by the administrative code ICD-9-CM 287.3 in Oklahoma hematologists' offices for a 2-year period, 2003–2004. Prevalence was estimated separately for children (<16 years old) and adults because of their distinct clinical characteristics. Oklahoma census data for 2000 was used as the denominator. Eighty-seven (94%) of 93 eligible Oklahoma hematologists participated; 620 patients with ITP were identified. The average annual prevalences were as follows: 8.1 (95% CI: 6.7–9.5) per 100,000 children, 12.1 (95% CI: 11.1–13.0) per 100,000 adults, and 11.2 (95% CI: 10.4–12.0) per 100,000 population. Among children and adults less than age 70 years, the prevalence was greater among women. Among adults aged 70 years and older, the prevalence was greater among men. The highest prevalence of ITP was among men age 80 years and older. These data document for the first time the prevalence of ITP regardless of age, clinical characteristics, insurance status, and source of health care. The methodology developed for this prevalence analysis may be adaptable for epidemiologic studies of other uncommon disorders which lack specific diagnostic criteria and are treated primarily by medical specialists. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of diphenylaminoethanol and lidocaine on central inhibition.

Abstract In normal cats, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-aminoethanol (DPAE) caused ataxia, intentional tremors, and convulsions whereas lidocaine caused ataxia and convulsions but no tremors. In decerebrate cats, DPAE markedly inhibited cerebellar disfacilitation of spinal monosynaptic reflexes, slightly depressed reticular inhibition and had no effect on direct inhibition. The unconditioned monosynaptic reflex was facilitated by low doses and depressed by high doses of DPAE. DPAE did not affect reticular facilitation indicating that DPAE did not block cerebellar disfacilitation by depressing the facilitatory input to lower motoneurones. Lidocaine markedly reduced cerebellar disfacilitation and also reduced reticular and presynaptic inhibition as well as pressor and facilitatory responses. It is concluded that the tremors and ataxia of DPAE are manifestations of the preferential blockade of cerebellar disfacilitation, and that this action of DPAE may take place at the inhibitory synapses of cerebellar Purkinje cells on neuronal systems responsible for the tonic excitatory input to lower motoneurones.
The teacher as activist

(1971). The teacher as activist. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 10, Eighteen Year Old Vote, pp. 363-367.
Protein purification by counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis-the focusing window

Counteracting Chromatographic Electrophoresis (CACE) is a novel purification technique that focuses the target protein into a thin band at the interface separating two gel media which differ sharply in internal porosity. This article validates a criterion that predicts protein focusing by CACE, using the colored proteins-ferritin, hemoglobin and myoglobin. Fair comparison is shown between the theory and the experiment. Data from the past literature which were reported to exhibit nonconformity have also been shown to agree fairly well with the present model. Variations in protein focusing conditions can be partly explained by protein-ion binding.
Effects of deafening and blindfolding on amphetamine induced stereotypy in the cat

Abstract The effects of specific sensory deprivation on the stereotypic behavior produced by amphetamine was examined in cats with normal hearing and in experimentally deafened animals. Following amphetamine, deaf animals demonstrated eye and head movements which were qualitatively similar to stereotyped behavior in animals with normal hearing. Blindfolding dramatically decreased amphetamine induced head movement stereotypy in cats with normal hearing and in deafened animals. It is concluded that stereotypy induced by threshold doses of amphetamine in the cat is not due to activation of a pure motor automatism but represents release or facilitation of a centrally patterned exploratory program which is maintained by sensory feedback.
Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants protect skeletal muscle against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy

Prolonged periods of muscular inactivity (e.g., limb immobilization) result in skeletal muscle atrophy. Although it is established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in inactivity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy, the cellular pathway(s) responsible for inactivity-induced ROS production remain(s) unclear. To investigate this important issue, we tested the hypothesis that elevated mitochondrial ROS production contributes to immobilization-induced increases in oxidative stress, protease activation, and myofiber atrophy in skeletal muscle. Cause-and-effect was determined by administration of a novel mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (SS-31) to prevent immobilization-induced mitochondrial ROS production in skeletal muscle fibers. Compared with ambulatory controls, 14 days of muscle immobilization resulted in significant muscle atrophy, along with increased mitochondrial ROS production, muscle oxidative damage, and protease activation. Importantly, treatment with a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant attenuated the inactivity-induced increase in mitochondrial ROS production and prevented oxidative stress, protease activation, and myofiber atrophy. These results support the hypothesis that redox disturbances contribute to immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and that mitochondria are an important source of ROS production in muscle fibers during prolonged periods of inactivity.
Unexpected consensus: Russian society and the Lena Massacre, April 1912

This study analyses Russian society's responses to the April 1912 Lena Goldfields Massacre. Previous commentaries focused solely on workers’ and socialists’ reactions to the tragedy. Archival evidence, newspapers and memoirs utilised here indicate that the entire socio political spectrum condemned the government and the entrepreneurs. A pre‐existing society‐wide consensus argued that labourers deserved a better lot. This finding criticises the predominant social fragmentation interpretation of pre‐1914 Russian society, which forecasts a Bolshevik‐style revolution. The new analysis suggests inter‐social accommodation as a potential solution to the Empire's dilemmas, with the First World War and 1917 crises as the ultimately negative determining factors.
Effects of radial thermal dispersion on fully-developed forced convection in cylindrical packed tubes

Abstract The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a fully-developed forced convective flow in a cylindrical packed tube with symmetric heating are analyzed in this paper. The Darcy—Brinkman—Ergun model is used as the momentum equation, with the radial porosity variation of the packed column approximated by an exponential function. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is applied to construct a composite solution for the axial velocity profile of a hydrodynamically fully-developed flow. The interaction of inertial and wall channeling effects on the pressure drop and the axial velocity profile is illustrated. The effects of radial thermal dispersion and variable stagnant thermal conductivity are taken into consideration in the energy equation for a thermally fully-developed flow in the packed tube, which is heated circumferentially with constant heat flux or constant wall temperature. A wall function is used to model the wall effect on the transverse thermal dispersion process, and the predicted Nusselt numbers agree with existing experimental data. Numerical results of the corresponding heat transfer characteristics in the packed tubes, without introducing the wall function, are also presented for comparison.
Comparison and modulation of angiogenic responses by FGFs, VEGF and SCF in murine and human fibrosarcomas ☆

The effects of angiogenic growth factors on the growth, vascular architecture and the downstream cytokine signaling of sarcomas are unknown. These are of potential great importance since sarcoma, like endothelium, is of mesodermal origin and therefore could grow in response to these factors. Three human sarcomas (leiomyosarcoma SK-LMS-1, liposarcoma SW872 and fibrosarcoma SW684) and one murine fibrosarcoma (KHT) were grown in nude and C3H/He mice, respectively. Tumor structural vessels, perfused vessels and hypoxia were quantified immunohistochemically. Fast-growing murine KHT tumors had a markedly higher number of structural vessels compared with the human sarcomas. In both murine and human sarcomas, approximately half of the total structural vessels were perfused, and the numbers of perfused vessels decreased with increasing tumor volume. In vitro, basal mRNA expression of several angiogenic growth factors and their receptors differed between two of the human sarcoma cell lines, SK-LMS-1 and SW872. Compared with SK-LMS-1, untreated SW872 cells had higher levels of mRNA expression for FGF11, FGF14, angiopoietin, CD105 and VEGFR1. Two sarcoma cell lines were also treated with 10 ng/ml of six angiogenic growth factors (FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF10, VEGF and SCF) for 24 h, and mRNA expression of endogenous FGF family members (FGF1, FGF2, FGF10, FGF11, FGF13 and FGF14) were quantitatively measured using RNase protection at various times following treatments. Again, SW872 cells were more responsive to exogenous growth factor treatment compared with SK-LMS-1 cells in terms of the elevation of endogenous FGF mRNA expression. In the SW872 cells, all of the exogenous angiogenic growth factor treatments, except for VEGF, upregulated endogenous FGF1, FGF2 and FGF14 mRNA expression. The SK-LMS-1 cells, in contrast, only responded to exogenous FGF1, FGF7 and FGF10, but did not respond to VEGF.
The cowpox virus serpin SPI-3 complexes with and inhibits urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators and plasmin.

The orthopoxvirus serpin SPI-3 is N-glycosylated and suppresses fusion between infected cells. Although SPI-3 contains motifs conserved in inhibitory serpins, no proteinase inhibition by SPI-3 has been demonstrated, and mutations within the serpin reactive center loop (RCL) do not affect the ability to regulate cell fusion. We demonstrate here that SPI-3 protein expressed by transcription/translation in vitro is able to form SDS-stable complexes with the serine proteinases plasmin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), consistent with inhibitory activity of the serpin. Weaker complexes were noted with factor Xa and thrombin. Mutation of Arg-340/Ser-341 at the predicted P1/P1' sites within the RCL prevented the formation of complexes between SPI-3 and plasmin, uPA, or tPA, suggesting that the arginine at the P1 position was required for complex formation. SPI-3 protein lacking the N-terminal signal peptide was purified by means of an N-terminal His(10)-tag and gave complete inhibition in vitro of plasmin, uPA, and tPA and partial inhibition of factor Xa. SPI-3 is therefore a bifunctional protein that acts as a proteinase inhibitor and suppresses infected cell-cell fusion. As a proteinase inhibitor, SPI-3 has similar specificity to the leporipoxvirus SERP1 protein of myxoma virus, although the two serpins are less than 30% identical overall. The inhibition constants of SPI-3 for plasmin, uPA, and tPA were determined to be 0.64, 0.51, and 1.9 nM, respectively, very similar to the corresponding K(i) values of SERP1.
Myeloma therapy: from the bench to the clinic

Despite advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma, the disease continues to be incurable. Chemotherapy, including high-dose therapy, does not result in cure, increase overall survival, and probably does not impact to a significant degree progression-free survival since
Microwave Ionization of an Atomic Electron Wave Packet

A short microwave pulse is used to ionize a lithium Rydberg wave packet launched from the core at a well-defined phase of the field. We observe a strong dependence on the relative phase between the motion of the wave packet and the oscillations of the field. This phase dependent ionization is also studied as a function of the relative frequency. Our experimental observations are in good qualitative agreement with a one-dimensional classical model of wave packet ionization.
Point defects and cation tracer diffusion in (CoxMn1−x)3−δO4 spinels

Abstract In this study, both the deviation from stoichiometry δ and the cation tracer diffusion coefficients, D Me ∗ , of cobalt, iron and manganese ions have been measured as a function of oxygen activity, a O 2 , for different cationic compositions, x , in (Co x Mn 1− x ) 3−δ O 4 at 1200°C. All δ versus log a O 2 plots obtained are in principle S-shaped. The observed oxygen activity dependence suggests that cation vacancies are the predominant point defects at high a O 2 while cation interstitials prevail at low a O 2 . From the diffusion results it follows that all log D Me ∗ versus log a O 2 curves are V-shaped. This behavior indicates that cation vacancies and cation interstitials govern the high temperature cation diffusion at high and low oxygen activities, respectively. By combining nonstoichiometry and diffusion data mean mobilities of cations diffusing via different point defects have been determined. At high oxygen activities the prevalent cation diffusion mechanism is a vacancy diffusion process. The diffusion mechanism prevailing at low oxygen activities is very likely an interstitialcy diffusion process.
Practical Measures of Learning Behaviors

This paper argues that improving learning reliably and at scale requires a specific orientation toward measurement, understood broadly. Drawing on examples from a partnership between SRI International and The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, this paper describes measures of student behaviors that are being used by researchers and instructors to improve learning environments at more than 50 community colleges and four-year universities for thousands of students.
The Dynamics of Homeownership: Eliminating the Gap Between African American and White Households

This article uses a sample of young renters from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a continuous-time econometric model to explore not only the initial tenure transition to first-time homeownership, but also subsequent possible tenure transitions to a second owned home, back to rental tenure and, indirectly, to a second owned home from rental tenure. Once estimated, the predicted probabilities of these transitions are used to calculate the probability of homeownership at various times for households in the sample. These estimates are done separately for African Americans and whites for two different 11-year time intervals, 1987–1997 and 1993–2003. A primary result is that if African American education, income, net wealth and savings behavior could be brought in line with that of white households the majority of the racial gap in homeownership could be eliminated in either time period.
The next generation of surgical residencies. What are the challenges and the opportunities

• I suggest restructuring general surgical residencies to facilitate training of surgical specialists and subspecialists. Basic surgical education for 1 or 2 years should provide a foundation of fundamental cognitive, technical, and patient management skills useful for all surgery residents, regardless of discipline. Intermediate surgical education for an additional 2 or 3 years should amplify cognitive, technical, and clinical skills and senior responsibility in general surgery for individuals entering a general surgical subspecialty or for advanced general surgery training. Residents seeking a career in advanced general surgery would take 2 additional years of training in advanced surgery. Such individuals could pursue additional subspecialty training and research experience to qualify as academic surgical scientists. Implementation of such innovations in general surgical education awaits the cooperative joint efforts of appropriate accrediting and certifying organizations, specialty societies, and surgical program directors. ( Arch Surg . 1990;125:433-436)
Prisoners as Organ Donors: Is It Worth the Effort? Is It Ethical?

Prisoners have generally been excluded from donation because of ethical and infectious disease concerns. We propose a plan, which would address both concerns and examine the potential impact. Interested inmates would approach the prison's medical team expressing interest in living donation (LD). Principle steps in the process are (1) consent to evaluation and a two-step surgical consent. (2) Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). A standard LD workup would be initiated. If the results were acceptable, the inmate would sign the first surgical consent. NAAT for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatits B and C virus would be performed 3 weeks apart. Assuming acceptable results, prisoner and family would sign the second consent, and the inmate would be scheduled for LD surgery. The inmate would be in medical isolation until the time of donation. NAAT testing has enabled the window period to be small enough to allow close observation and monitoring of the prisoner, enabling safe donation. The paternalistic protection of prisoners would ensure that experiments were not performed. This plan would allow prisoners the ability to participate in opportunities provided noninmate people. There are currently 2.2 million inmates; the incidence of HIV is 1.8%, decreasing the potential pool to 2.1 million. A donation rate of 1% could provide 21,000 kidneys. Advances in medical technology and the acknowledgment that prisoners can consent to complex but standard medical procedures have opened up a potential pool of organ donors that could dramatically impact the organ shortage.
Total Chemical Synthesis and X‐ray Crystal Structure of a Protein Diastereomer: [D‐Gln 35]Ubiquitin

An efficient synthetic route to native ubiquitin and its diastereomer [D-Gln 35]ubiquitin was realized by combining a one-pot native chemical ligation process with protein desulfurization. High-resolution X-ray crystallographic studies of the protein diastereomer (see picture) revealed a striking conservation of molecular structure.
Regulation of complement factor H expression in L cells.

Abstract The luciferase system was used to assay basal promoter activity of the murine factor H gene in the fibroblast cell line L929 (L cells). Thirteen nested deletion constructs were tested, and a region between −811 and −344 was found to have enhancer activity in the context of a heterologous promoter. This fragment was subdivided further and each of the two resulting subfragments also had enhancer activity. These subfragments each were shifted in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and were able to cross-inhibit each other in binding to a nuclear factor. Sequence analysis of these subfragments revealed the presence of an octamer in each subfragment, and a synthetic oligomer containing this octamer sequence was able to block binding in the mobility shift assay. Thus, this octamer sequence appears to play a major role in the basal expression of the factor H gene in L cells.
Cluster-in-jellium model and icosahedral ordering tendencies in liquid Al alloys

A jellium-passivated cluster model is developed to study the energetics of short-range ordering in supercooled liquid and glass systems. Calculations for single atoms embedded in jellium yield results in good agreement with bulk values for the cohesive energy, atomic volume, as well as angular-momentum-projected electronic density of states. The energy difference between icosahedral clusters and fcc embryos in jellium is found to correlate with the glass-forming ability of liquid Al alloys. The model will be useful for studying the short-range order tendency with minor chemical additions in metallic glass formation, without the use of large unit cell calculations.
High-affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression and trafficking abnormalities in psychiatric illness

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are a critical component of the cholinergic system of neurotransmission in the brain that modulates important physiological processes such as reward, cognition, and mood. Abnormalities in this system are accordingly implicated in multiple psychiatric illnesses, including addiction, schizophrenia, and mood disorders. There is significantly increased tobacco use, and therefore nicotine intake, in patient populations, and pharmacological agents that act on various nicotinic receptor subtypes ameliorate clinical features of these disorders. Better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cholinergic dysfunction in psychiatric disease will permit more targeted design of novel therapeutic agents. The objective of this review is to describe the multiple cellular pathways through which chronic nicotine exposure regulates nAChR expression, and to juxtapose these mechanisms with evidence for altered expression of high-affinity nAChRs in human psychiatric illness. Here, we summarize multiple studies from pre-clinical animal models to human in vivo imaging and post-mortem experiments demonstrating changes in nAChR regulation and expression in psychiatric illness. We conclude that a mechanistic explanation of nAChR abnormalities in psychiatric illness will arise from a fuller understanding of normal nAChR trafficking, along with the detailed study of human tissue, perhaps using novel biotechnological advances, such as induced pluripotent stem cells.
The mutation frequency of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxodG) situated in a multiply damaged site: comparison of a single and two closely opposed 8-oxodG in Escherichia coli

Abstract A multiply damaged site (MDS) is defined as ≥2 lesions within a distance of 10–15 base pairs (bp). MDS generated by ionizing radiation contain oxidative base damage, and in vitro studies have indicated that if the base damage is
Bedtime ranitidine does not eliminate the need for a second daily dose of omeprazole to suppress nocturnal gastric pH.

Background We have previously shown that 70% of patients experience nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (defined as pH Aim To assess whether omeprazole 20 mg AM plus ranitidine 150 mg HS would be as effective as omeprazole 20 mg before breakfast and dinner (b.d. AC) in intragastric pH control, particularly during the overnight period. Methods Twenty healthy volunteers (11 males, 9 females, mean age 32.7 years) were treated with omeprazole (OME) 20 mg b.d. AC and placebo HS or omeprazole 20 mg AM and placebo before dinner plus ranitidine (RAN) 150 mg HS for 7 days, in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, with a 1 week washout between study periods. On day 8 subjects were monitored for 24 h with a single channel pH probe placed in the stomach 10 cm below the proximal border of the LES. Percentage time pH Results Expressed in median values of percentage time pH Conclusion Bedtime ranitidine does not eliminate the need for an evening dose of omeprazole to control intragastric pH in patients requiring more than a single daily dose of omeprazole.
Minorities of Isfahan: the Armenian community of Isfahan 1587–1722

(1974). Minorities of Isfahan: the Armenian community of Isfahan 1587–1722. Iranian Studies: Vol. 7, No. 3-4, pp. 652-680.
IN VITRO EFFECTS OF THYROTROPIN ON CERTAIN METABOLIC ACTIVITIES OF ISOLATED THYROID CELLS.

The synthesis of thyroxine, transport of iodide, oxidation of glucose, and uptake of α-aminoisobutyrate were observed in isolated bovine thyroid cells. TSH added at concentrations as low as 10-4 U/ml stimulated thyroxine synthesis and the uptake of α-aminoisobutyrate. The conversion of glucose- l-l4C to l4CO2 was stimulated by 0.2 U/ml of TSH. Iodide concentrating activity, as expressed in terms of intracellular to extracellular iodide concentration ratios, was generally depressed by added TSH. These findings provide further support for the view that TSH may have separate and independent stimulatory actions on a number of metabolic pathways in the thyroid cell. (Endocrinology 75: 527, 1964)
An exact analytical solution for the position-time relationship for an inverse-distance-squared force

Abstract The theory of complex variables is used to solve analytically the transcendental equation which defines the position, as a function of time, in an inverse-distance-squared force field, and thereby the desired solution is reduced to elementary quadrature.
Evaporation and spectral absorbance characteristics of hydroxylammonium nitrate/methanol/water monopropellant droplets

Experiments were performed to investigate the UV spectral absorption characteristics and evaporation characteristics of monopropellant droplets composed of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN), methanol, and water. Fiber-supported droplets initially in the millimeter size range were investigated, and the droplets evaporated in room air with an ambient temperature of about 23±2°C and a relative humidity of about 44%±4%. The experiments employed 50-μm optical fibers to carry UV light into and out of individual droplets, and absorption spectra of the liquid between the fibers were measured using a spectrometer coupled to one of the fibers. It was found that transient variations in NO 3 − levels depended significantly on the initial droplet composition. Evaporation rates were observed to vary significantly with the composition of a droplet, and the presence of methanol significantly increased droplet vaporization rates. Droplets exhibited two-stage vaporization histories with measurable evaporation rates at early times and essentially no evaporation at sufficiently long times. The experiments also indicate that methanol was preferentially evaporated during early stages of evaporation. Experiments showed that at sufficiently high HAN loadings, vaporization rates could be essentially zero. Theoretical estimates suggest that this behavior is caused by reductions in vapor pressure as the mass fraction of HAN in the liquid is increased.
Recent Approaches To Computer - Generated Holograms

Computer holography is a subject of interest to a small but increasing number of researchers. This paper briefly describes the concept and history of computer holography, how it works, and its possible applications. Also presented are the recent approaches to computer holography developed at Stanford University, and a procedure for synthesizing this new class of computer holograms. These new on-axis holograms are very efficient both in their use of reconstruction light and in their use of display resolution elements during synthesis. They keep the advantages of the kinoform, a previous approach by IBM, but do not have its limitations. One approach makes use of color reversal film, such as Kodachrome II. Another approach only requires phase-transmittance material, but preserves both amplitude and phase information. Experimental results are presented.
T cell subsets required for in vivo and in vitro responses to single and multiple minor histocompatibility antigens.

The requirement for helper T cells in the in vivo and in vitro T cell response to a diverse panel of minor histocompatibility antigens in mice was investigated. Target H antigens included: (a) multiple antigens distinguishing H-2-matched, inbred strains, and (b) single H antigens, including H-4, H-3, and the male-specific (H-Y) antigen. The involvement of helper T cells in skin allograft rejection and CTL priming was evaluated by pretreating graft recipients with anti-CD4 antibody. Anti-CD4 treatment had no effect on rejection of H-3- and H-4-incompatible skin grafts, but slowed rejection of male and BALB.B skin grafts. Comparable pretreatment with anti-CD4 antibody in vivo eliminated the priming of H-4-specific CTL, multiple B10.BR anti-CBA/J CTL, and all but a minor C57BL/6 anti-BALB.B CTL population. However, CTL specific for the two classes of H antigens, single and multiple minor H antigens, differed in their in vitro requirements for CD4+ helper T cells: (a) multiple antigen-specific CTL required CD4+ helper T cells for optimal expansion, and (b) CTL specific for single H antigens expanded in the absence of helper T cells. The CTL specific for all tested H antigens were CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that CD4+ helper T cells are not always required for effective skin allograft rejection or CTL expansion in vitro; the requirement for helper T cells is apparently dependent upon the identity of the stimulatory minor H antigen(s). This variable dependency contrasts with the evident requirement for helper T cells in the in vivo priming of CTL specific for minor H antigens.
Track creep: experience, modeling efforts, and consequences of work done at the 100 meter Green Bank Telescope

This document will discuss the efforts and progress made in understanding, modeling, quantifying, and mitigating the stresses and behavior induced by creep motion in the 100 meter Green Bank Telescope's (GBT) azimuth track. From its commissioning the GBT azimuth track has been plagued by the side effects of creep motion induced by the 1,000,000 lb rolling load of each of its wheels. This paper will discuss the degrading effects of creep motion, similarities seen in other track systems, and the mitigation efforts employed to maintain track performance. It will also discuss efforts to understand and numerically model the track behavior, efforts to bound stresses using classical calculations, and suggest the direction for further work.
U.S.-Russian Relations and the North Korean Crisis: A Role for the Russian Far East?

Because of its energy reserves and long history of economic links with North Korea, the Russian Far East could provide useful incentives needed to help convince Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear program. For this reason, the United States should begin crafting a regionally based strategy that includes Russia.
Glucuronidation and biliary excretion of phenolphthalein in temperature-acclimated steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Conjugative metabolism and biliary excretion of phenolphthalein (PP) were studied in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to 10, 14 or 18 degrees C. Significant seasonal effects were found on liver weight to body weight ratio and conjugative metabolism but not biliary excretion of free plus conjugate of PP. Temperature did not significantly interact with these relationships. PP was excreted in bile as parent compound and the glucuronide conjugate at all temperatures. Saturation of the excretory process was apparent at a dose of approximately 10 mumol/kg (i.p.) at 10 and 14, but not 18 degrees C.
Factors associated with recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant disease

Abstract Purpose: The role of prophylactic vena cava filters (VCF) in patients with cancer is debated. Although VCF are often placed in patients with cancer after recurrence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE), identification of this subset of patients has not been well-defined. This study was undertaken to assess factors associated with increased risk for recurrent VTE. Methods: All patients with a history of thromboembolism or malignant disease and who required a VCF because of failure of or contraindication to anticoagulation therapy were abstracted from the Michigan Filter Registry. Univariate analysis of potential risk factors for recurrent VTE and logistic regression models were used to identify associations between these variables and recurrent VTE. Results: Ninety-nine patients (49 men, 50 women) with a mean age of 58 years were included in the study. New metastases occurred in 55% of patients, and 12% of patients had a history of VTE before cancer diagnosis. Corticosteroid agents were used during therapy in 48% of patients. Acute VTE was present in 52% of patients at cancer diagnosis, and in 34% of patients VTE was associated with new metastases. Recurrent VTE occurred in 40% of patients, and significant risk factors included presence of new metastases (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16-9.09; P =.02) and history of VTE (OR, 10.6; CI, 1.98-57.2; P =.006). Whereas a single episode of neutropenia did not reach significance (OR, 1.1; CI, 0.97-1.35; P =.11), multiple neutropenic episodes were significantly associated with recurrent VTE ( P =.04). Smoking, hormone replacement therapy, decreased mobility, post-surgical state, and obesity were not independently associated with increased risk. Mean survival in this series was 30 months, and was significantly worse in patients with VTE at cancer diagnosis and with inability to tolerate anticoagulant therapy in conjunction with VCF. Conclusion: Patients with malignant disease may be at increased risk for recurrent VTE after development of new metastases or multiple episodes of neutropenia, especially those patients with a history of VTE. VCF may be a reasonable alternative to long-term anticoagulation therapy in this subgroup of patients at high risk patients, provided their quality of life is reasonable. (J Vasc Surg 2003;37:976-83.)
Treatment of angular derivatives in the Schro¨dinger equation by the finite fourier series method

Abstract We describe a finite Fourier series method for treating the angular derivatives in the angular momentum term of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation in spherical coordinates. The method involves a power series expansion of the evolution operator and treatment of singularities at φ = 0 by L'Hospital's rule. It is demonstrated that the method is accurate across the entire spectrum of the angular momentum operator for an appropriate sampling grid.
The Sex Ratio in Samples of Attempted and Completed Suicides over Time

The sex ratio in 45 samples of attempted suicides in the USA from 1940 to 1980 was not associated with the sex ratio in American completed suicides for the rime periods of the samples of suicide attempters.
Volumetric determination of progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by computed tomography.

Volumetric determination of progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by computed tomography. Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressive renal enlargement and renal failure. We evaluated sequential radiocontrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans to determine the rate of kidney enlargement in patients with ADPKD. Methods Ten adult patients with ADPKD (4 men and 6 women) with initial serum creatinine levels ≤1.6 mg/dL had at least two sequential CT scans more than three years apart. The mean patient age at the initial CT study was 33.8 years, and the mean initial serum creatinine concentration was 1.1 mg/dL (range 0.6 to 1.6 mg/dL; range of calculated creatinine clearances 60 to 135 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ). Total volume (Vt) was determined by manual tracing of renal areas in contiguous 5 to 10 mm thick axial CT slices for each kidney. The area of noncystic parenchyma (Vp) in each slice was determined by differential densitometry segmentation analysis of contrast-enhanced tissue, and total cyst volume (Vc) was the difference between Vt and Vp. The mean diameters of individual cysts were measured sequentially in selected cases. Results The mean initial Vt, Vp, and Vc values (± SEM) were 561 ± 66, 243 ± 19, and 317 ± 57 mL per kidney, respectively. In 10 patients, after a mean of 5.7 years (range 3.3 to 11.9), Vt increased 323 ± 79 mL ( P P P P > 0.05), and 185 ± 52 mL ( P P Conclusions On the basis of this preliminary survey of archival material, we conclude that conventional contrast-enhanced CT scans can be used to quantitate volume components of progression in ADPKD. The rates of individual kidney and cyst enlargement are highly variable within and between patients, but overall, the values increase over time. The volume fraction of kidneys comprised of cysts may be a useful indicator of ADPKD progression.
Migration processes, familial characteristics, and schooling dropout among black youths.

This study uses data from the 2000 U.S. census to examine whether the schooling advantage of black immigrants’ children found in previous studies is robust. According to the results, the advantage associated with having migrant parents is not restricted to the children of immigrants. Black migrant parents, regardless of foreign-born status, have children with favorable schooling outcomes. Such parental-level influences, however, seem stronger among some immigrant groups than among native internal migrants. The study also suggests that the collective advantage of the children of immigrants is driven by positive migrant selectivity. Accordingly, comparisons between the children of native migrants and children in various immigrant groups reveal that the immigrant advantage is not robust. In fact, the results suggest that when immigrant ethnicity is considered, some children of immigrants may be disadvantaged relative to the children of native migrants. Among recent migrants, the children of native internal migrants also have more favorable outcomes than the children of immigrants, although these differences disappear after background factors are controlled. Further, internal-migrant and immigrant households are less likely to have characteristics that adversely affect schooling than nonmigrant households. Unsurprisingly, the children of nonmigrants have the worst outcomes among black youths.
Making Sense of Missense Mutations

In 1974, Takeo Maruyama predicted that deleterious variants in the genome are on average younger than neutral variants. Such a theoretic prediction makes sense because deleterious variants will be removed by selection, and so, those that are still found in the population are more likely to have
Techniques for Creative Thinking: An Empirical Comparison of Three Methods

30 undergraduates were allowed unlimited time to “think of ways to change or improve a door knob.” One group (Short Checklist) was taught to use a 7-item checklist which suggested general categories of ideas (i.e., change colors, shape, material, design/style, size; rearrange parts; add/subtract something). A second group (Long Checklist) used Osborn's (1963) “73 idea-spurring questions” as an idea checklist. Ss in the third group were instructed in the morphological synthesis procedure in which ideas for improving one quality of an object (e.g., color or shape) are listed along one axis and ideas for improving other qualities are listed along other axes. New ideas are produced by combining ideas on various axes. The fourth group (Control) received no instruction regarding techniques. The results showed that Ss in the Short-checklist and Morphological Synthesis Groups produced the greatest total number of ideas and the greatest number of high quality ideas. While the four groups did not differ significant...
Transmission of invasive aspergillosis from a subclinically infected donor to three different organ transplant recipients

Objective To describe a cluster of donor-transmitted cases of invasive aspergillosis. Design Case series of epidemiologically linked eases of invasive aspergillosis. Setting Two tertiary care centers with solid-organ transplant programs. Patients Two kidney recipients, one heart recipient, and the single donor. Measurements Routine clinical, microbiological, and pathologic investigation as dictated for patient care. Epidemiologic analysis to establish linkage among cases. Results Three allografts (two kidneys and a heart) from a single donor transmitted invasive aspergillosis to the recipients. Three weeks after transplantation, the two kidney recipients had fever and urine cultures positive for Aspergillus fumigatus . The infected kidneys had multiple Aspergillus abscesses and had to be removed to cure the patients. The heart recipient had a negative workup when a diagnosis of aspergillosis was made for the kidney recipients but presented three months later with aspergillus endocarditis with hematogenous spread to the eyes and to the skin. Treatment included eye surgery, aortic valve replacement, and antifungal therapy; control of infection ensued. The donor was intensely immunosuppressed (17 days post-liver transplantation with death from intracerebral bleeding) but had no clinical or autopsy evidence of aspergillosis. Donor tracheal secretions obtained at the time of organ harvest later grew A fumigatus . Conclusion Expanded criteria for organ donation have to be balanced against infectious risk to organ recipients. A fumigatus can be transmitted from a subclinically infected donor to solid-organ transplant recipients.