cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved results for dissecting aneurysms. Intraluminal sutureless prosthesis

Surgical therapy for dissection of the thoracic aorta has had a high mortality. One contributing factor has been hemorrhage from the prosthesis and the suture lines. A method of treatment with an intraluminal prosthesis that requires no end-to-end anastomosis has been developed. We have used this method in 14 patients, of whom eight had acute thoracic aortic dissections and six had chronic dissections. We assembled our own prosthesis in the first five cases but, more recently, we have utilized an intraluminal prosthesis provided by USCI. Eight of the patients had type 1 dissection, of whom five required concomitant aortic valve replacement and three coronary artery bypass grafting; one had a type II dissection and five had type III dissections. The age range was 31 to 71 years with a mean of 58. There were 12 men and 2 women. There were no intraoperative deaths, but one patient died 10 days postoperatively of a perforated ulcer and another died at 6 months of empyema. Follow-up has been from 9 to 51 months with a mean of 22 months. There has been no evidence of compromise of the aortic lumen and no prosthetic problems, such as erosion, migration, or thrombosis. This technique provides a safe and simple way to repair dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta and has provided long-term reliability. We have subsequently used this graft for 11 patients with aneurysm of the aorta with favorable results. We presently recommend this technique for dissecting, atherosclerotic, and Marfanoid aneurysms of the thoracic aorta.
Supporting close others' growth after trauma: The role of responsiveness in romantic partners' mutual posttraumatic growth.

OBJECTIVE: Following a major life crisis, people may simultaneously report both significant distress and positive change or posttraumatic growth (PTG; Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2006). Accumulating evidence has suggested that in close relationships, PTG can be mutual, wherein 1 person's PTG is positively correlated with others' PTG (e.g., Manne et al., 2004). However, the mechanism by which mutual growth occurs is unclear. We suggest that an interpersonal process mediates mutual PTG between partners, and we draw from the social psychology and relationship science literatures to suggest that the interpersonal process of responsiveness may explain people's correlated PTG following trauma. METHOD: Married couples (61 at Time 1; 48 at Time 2) whose homes had been severely damaged by flooding completed measures of PTG, responsiveness to partners, and perceptions of partners' responsiveness at 2 time points, 6 months apart. RESULTS: Findings did not consistently replicate a direct link between actors' and partners' PTG. RESULTS did support an interpersonal process by which actors' PTG predicted their greater responsiveness to partners; partners perceived actors' greater responsiveness, which predicted partners' greater PTG. Further, this interpersonal pathway was independent of known intrapsychic predictors of PTG, social support, and relationship quality. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that close relationships may play an important role in fostering PTG and are the first to outline an interpersonal process by which people experience mutual growth and personal growth can be passed from 1 person to another. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Language: en
Understanding Human Behaviors with an Object Functional Role Perspective for Robotics

Intelligent robotic assistance requires a robot to accurately understand human behavior. Many researchers have explored human-object interactions to decode behavior-related information. However, current methods only model probabilistic correlations between objects and activities. Their applications are usually limited to fixed environments and fixed sets of activities. They are unable to deal with variability in the real environments due to the lack of the human-like cognitive reasoning process. To address this urgent problem, we developed an Object Functional Role Perspective method to endow a robot with comprehensive behavior understanding. Instead of using specific objects to identify an activity, our role-based method models the human cognitive process during task performing by analyzing object selection and object interaction. Then activity-related information, such as activity feasibility, likely plan, and urgent need of an activity, is inferred in order to improve a robot’s cognition level for comprehensive behavior understanding. Through a large amount of human behavior observations, this cognitive knowledge is constructed using a Markov random field (MRF) model. Experiments were performed in both real-life scenarios and lab scenarios to evaluate the method’s usefulness. The results demonstrated flexibility and effectiveness of the role-based method for human behavior understanding under variability.
The distribution of HPV subtype and multiple HPV infection in cervical cancer and precancerous lesion

Objective：To evaluate the distribution of HPV subtype and multiple HPV infection in cervical cancer and precancerous lesion with HPV DNA chip in Korean women. Methods：We recruited a total of 145 women diagnosed with cervical cancer or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 404 normal women as control between Dec. 2004 and Sept. 2005. We investigated the distribution of HPV subtype and the multiple infection according to cervical lesion. Results：Of the 145 women, 132 (91.0%) showed HPV infection and 111 (76.6%) showed high risk HPV infection by HPV DNA chip. HPV 16 (48/145, 33.1%) was the most common type, and followed by HPV 58, 18, and 33 in CIN or cervical cancer than control (p＜0.05). Multiple infections were more common in CIN or cervical cancer than control. There was no correlation between the incidence of multiple HPV infection and cervical lesion in young women (＜35 years). In women over 36 years of age, however, multiple infections were the most frequently detected in CIN. Conclusion：The types of HPV 16, 58, 18, 33 were common in cervical precancerous or cancer lesion by order of frequency. Multiple infections were common in women under 35 years of age, and in women with CIN over 36 years of age.
Goal instructions in computer-supported collaborative argumentation: can you find a reason?

This study explored the effect of different types of goal instructions on students' on-line argumentation. Goal instructions specify what students should try to achieve during on-line discussions. General goals (to persuade or explore) were crossed with specific goals (to generate reasons or counterarguments/rebuttals) in a 3 x 3 randomized design using 240 undergraduates. The instruction to generate as many reasons as possible resulted in deeper and more qualified arguments, whereas the "explore" goal had little effect. The persuade goal resulted in arguments that were more focused and adversarial. These results have important implications for building richer on-line discussions. In particular, instructions to generate as many reasons as possible can result in the exploration and integration of opposing sides of an issue, potentially enhancing psychological understanding and best promoting Mercer's (1996) notion of exploratory talk.
Characterization of glycosidases produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens 26

Six synthetic glycosides were used to characterize glycosidic activities of a cell-free filtrate of Pseudomonas fluorescens 26. The filtrate was prepared after growing the bacterium in glucose-enriched minimal growth broth. Temperature and pH optima for glycosidic activity were as follows, respectively, β-D-fucosidase: 15°C and 6.0, β-D-mannosidase: 25°C and 6.0, β-D-glucosidase: 25°C and 5.5, β-D-galactosidase: 30°C and 6.5, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase: 45°C and 7.0, and N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase: 45°C and 6.0. Activation energies of B-D-galactosidase, β-D-mannosidase, β-D-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were 25.4, 12.3, 9.8 and 6.0 Kcal/mol, respectively. β-D-fucosidase and N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase appeared to have non-Arrhenius behavior, so activation energies were not calculated for them. All six glycosidases were heat-sensitive to conditions of pasteurization of milk.
Polymer Coatings for Concrete Surfaces: Testing and Modeling

In order to extend the service life of concrete structures, floors and a variety of underground infrastructure facilities, coatings can be used. Hence it was important to develop test protocols to evaluate the coatings based on the application and environmental exposure. The test protocol included application of coatings to dry and wet concrete surfaces, hydrostatic test on coated concrete (full scale), pinhole tests in various acid medium and bonding tests. It must be noted that several of the test methods developed by the Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology (CIGMAT) for evaluating the performance of coatings have been included in the USEPA test protocol for coatings under the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) program. Several types of coatings have been tested over the past two decades. Also, mathematical models were developed to understand the performance of coated concrete under various exposure conditions. The thin film and bulk models included the coating and concrete properties. The model predictions were verified with experimental results over a period of several years.
Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R) as a Global Regulator of Cutaneous UV Responses: Molecular Interactions and Opportunities for Melanoma Prevention

UV radiation is a pervasive environmental agent that affects the skin in complex ways. It benefits human health by its contribution to the biosynthesis of vitamin D in the skin, however it also is a major carcinogen responsible for millions of skin cancers diagnosed each year. One of the most important physiologic responses recruited with UV exposure is the melanocortin signaling axis. This pathway, initiated by melanocortins such as melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), is dependent on the signaling function of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a Gs protein-coupled cell surface receptor found on melanocytes in the skin. MC1R mediates its downstream UV-protective responses through activation of adenylyl cyclase and production of the second messenger cAMP. In melanocytes, cAMP stimulation leads to improved survival and UV-defensive sequelae. Here, we review how MC1R signaling protects melanocytes from UV-induced malignant degeneration, focusing on recent insights into molecular links between MC1R signaling and the nucleotide excision repair (NER) genome maintenance pathway. Finally, we highlight how insights into the MC1R UV protective response may facilitate the development of rational melanoma-protective strategies.
Self-care as a professional imperative: physician burnout, depression, and suicide

Burnout has been identified in approximately half of all practicing physicians, including anesthesiologists. In this narrative review, the relationship between burnout, depression, and suicide is explored, with particular attention to the anesthesiologist. Throughout this review, we highlight our professional imperative regarding this epidemic. The authors searched the existing English language literature via PubMed from 1986 until present using the search terms physician burnout, depression, and suicide, with particular attention to studies regarding anesthesiologists and strategies to address these problems. Burnout and depression have increased among physicians, while the rate of suicide has remained relatively the same. There are many factors associated with burnout and depression as well as many causes. Certain individual factors include sex, amount of social support, and mental health history. Systems factors that play a role in burnout and depression include work compression, demands of electronic health records, production pressure, and lack of control over one’s professional life. Medical license applications include questions that reinforce the stigma of psychological stresses and discourage physicians from seeking appropriate care. The concept of physician well-being is multidimensional and includes factors related to each physician as an individual as well as to the working environment. Anesthesiologists must actively engage in self-care. Anesthesiology practices and healthcare organizations should evaluate the balance between demands they place on physicians and the resources provided to sustain an engaged, productive, and satisfied physician workforce. National efforts must be rallied to support physicians seeking help for physical and psychological health problems.
The puzzling ligands for scavenger receptors

The conversion of arterial macrophages to foam cells is believed to occur primarily because of the uptake of oxidatively modified LDL by one or more so-called scavenger receptors. Because atherosclerosis, being a disease confined to humans and occurring late in life, cannot exert any genetic pressure, the persistence of these genes in evolution must relate to other ligands that they recognize. We have previously suggested that one vital biological process for which these receptors may be “designed” is the recognition and uptake of apoptotic cells. One well-established basis for receptor recognition of apoptotic cells is the appearance of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the membrane (which normally expresses very little of it). This led us to reexamine the possibility that the oxidized lipid moieties of oxidized LDL might somehow mimic membranes rich in phosphatidylserine and account, at least in part, for macrophage recognition and uptake of oxidized LDL. We have now shown that indeed the lipid moiety of oxidized LDL, when reconstituted into a microemulsion free of protein, is capable of competing for binding and uptake of intact oxidized LDL by mouse resident peritoneal macrophages. The isolated protein moiety of oxidized LDL had been shown previously to compete also with intact oxidized LDL. We now suggest that the binding of apoprotein B is based upon the covalent linkage to the apoprotein of oxidized phospholipids generated during the oxidation of LDL.
Changes in Neutrophil Count After Antipsychotic Prescription Among a Retrospective Cohort of Patients With Benign Neutropenia.

Background There is a paucity of literature regarding the effect of antipsychotics on absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of patients with benign neutropenia (BN). We evaluated the change in ANC after atypical antipsychotic prescription (excluding clozapine) in a retrospective cohort of 22 patients with BN. Methods/procedures Records of all patients with BN who were prescribed antipsychotics and who had ANC measured before and during antipsychotic treatment were obtained from Bronx VA Medical Center between 2005 and 2015 (inclusive). Twenty-two patients met criteria for inclusion. Individual and group mean ANC were calculated before treatment and during treatment. A paired, two-tailed t test was performed on the group ANC means. Results The group mean pretreatment ANC was 1.24 ± 0.220 K/cmm, and the mean ANC during the time of antipsychotic prescription increased to 1.40 ± 0.230 K/cmm, with a P value of 0.0045, t value of 3.18, degrees of freedom equal to 21, and 95% confidence interval of 1.30 to 1.49 K/cmm. Conclusions There was a statistically significant increase in ANC among our cohort during the time of antipsychotic prescription. All BN patients who were prescribed antipsychotics maintained a stable neutrophil count, with none of the 22 patients with BN in this study developing agranulocytosis during treatment. Although this study is limited by a low patient count as well as other demographic factors, these findings provide initial evidence regarding the safety of prescribing atypical antipsychotics to BN patients. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and assess for effects of individual medications.
Public Attitudes About Civic Education

Attitudes about the goals and content of civic education in America have varied over time based on historical circumstances, educational philosophies, and political sentiments. The views of elites in government, academia, and the non-profit sector have been widely articulated, while the public’s opinion about civic education is given less prominence. This study employs the Civic Education and Political Engagement Study (CEPES), an original national probability survey, to examine public opinion about civic education in the current era. The research finds strong public support for citizenship education. At the same time, people believe that nation’s schools are doing a poor job of educating students for citizenship. Long-established goals of civics instruction, such as preparing people to be responsible citizens and to vote, are considered priorities. Other topics, such as promoting diversity and cultural understanding, improving social conditions, and exploring the relationship of the U.S. to other nations receive less public support. People’s views about civic education priorities differ based on their own civic education experience.Key Findings:*The American public strongly believes that civic education in secondary schools is important. 93% of respondents to the CEPES feel that all students should be required to take a civic education, social studies, or government course in junior high and high school. *The public feels that preparing people to be responsible citizens (76%) and to exercise their right to vote (65%) are very important goals of the nation’s schools. There is substantially less support for preparing young people to use 21st century technology and media to engage with politics (40%).*Imparting civic knowledge to junior high and high school students is considered to be a valuable educational objective. Over 60% of the public feels that educating students about government and how it works as well as core democratic principles as set forth in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution are high priorities. 51% feel teach about how early American history influenced the development of the U.S. government is a very important goal. *There is less support for using the civics curriculum to promote cultural understanding than for the citizenship preparation and civic knowledge objectives. Still, a majority of people feel that educating students about the relationship of the United States to other nations and world affairs, promoting understanding of cultural diversity, and improving social conditions are very or somewhat important goals. *The public gave an average grade of B-/C to their own civics instruction and an F to their perception of the job the nation’s schools are doing in educating next generation of citizens.
Restorative justice, reconciliation and peacebuilding

Llewellyn and Philpott's work has paradigmatic ramifications. This text has established a niche as one of the more comprehensive publications laying out the theoretical and practical foundations fo...
Environmental Role of Pathogenic Traits in Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems. Some strains of V. cholerae can colonize the human host and cause cholera, a profuse watery diarrhea. The major pathogenicity factors and virulence regulators of V. cholerae are either encoded in mobile genetic elements acquired in the environment (e.g. pathogenicity islands or lysogenic phages) or in the core genome. Several lines of evidence indicate that the emergence of numerous virulence traits of V. cholerae occurred in its natural environment due to biotic and abiotic pressures. Here, we discuss the connection between the human host and the potential ecological role of these virulent traits. Unraveling these connections will help us understand the emergence of this organism and other facultative bacterial pathogens.
Impact of Health Care and Socioeconomic Needs on Health Care Utilization and Disease Management: The University of New Mexico Hospital Care One Program.

Abstract Understanding how unmet basic needs impact health care in patients with complex conditions is vital to improve health outcomes and reduce health care costs. The purpose of this observation...
12.3-min Cf 256 and 43-min Md 258 and systematics of the spontaneous fission properties of heavy nuclides

The new isotope 12.3-min $^{256}\mathrm{Cf}$ was produced via the $^{254}\mathrm{Cf}$($t$,$p$) reaction, and a new 43-min isomer of $^{258}\mathrm{Md}$ was produced via the $^{255}\mathrm{Es}$($\ensuremath{\alpha}$,$n$) reaction. The fragment mass and kinetic energy distributions from the spontaneous fission of $^{256}\mathrm{Cf}$ were found to be very similar to those from the spontaneous fission of lighter Cf isotopes. The mass division is primarily asymmetric, and the average total kinetic energy is 189.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9 MeV. The 43-min $^{258}\mathrm{Md}$ presumably decays by electron capture and provides an opportunity to study the mass and kinetic energy distributions from the spontaneous fission of the 380-\ensuremath{\mu}s $^{258}\mathrm{Fm}$ daughter. The observed narrow, symmetric mass distribution and the most probable total kinetic energy of 238\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 MeV are similar to those reported for the spontaneous fission of $^{259}\mathrm{Fm}$ but show a sharp increase in symmetric mass division and total kinetic energy compared to $^{257}\mathrm{Fm}$ and the lighter Fm isotopes. No such abrupt change in properties was observed for $^{256}\mathrm{Cf}$, which, like $^{258}\mathrm{Fm}$, has 158 neutrons. The marked difference between the spontaneous fission properties of the heavier Fm isotopes and those of other spontaneously fissioning nuclides is compared to some theoretical predictions.RADIOACTIVITY, FISSION $^{256}\mathrm{Cf}$ (SF); measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, fragment-fragment coin; deduced TKE, mass distribution. $^{258}\mathrm{Md}$; Measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$; EC decay to $^{258}\mathrm{Fm}$ (SF); measured fragment-fragment coin; deduced TKE, mass distribution.
Comorbid Conditions Explain the Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ). Biopsychosocial factors associated with PTSD likely account for some or all of this association. We determined whether 1, or a combination of comorbid conditions explained the association between PTSD and incident CVD . Methods and Results Eligible patients used 1 of 5 Veterans Health Affairs medical centers distributed across the United States. Data were obtained from electronic health records. At index date, 2519 Veterans Health Affairs ( VA ) patients, 30 to 70 years of age, had PTSD diagnoses and 1659 did not. Patients had no CVD diagnoses for 12 months before index date. Patients could enter the cohort between 2008 and 2012 with follow-up until 2015. Age-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were computed before and after adjusting for comorbidities. Patients were middle aged (mean=50.1 years, SD ±11.0), mostly male (87.0%), and 60% were white. The age-adjusted association between PTSD and incident CVD was significant (hazard ratio=1.41; 95% CI : 1.21-1.63). After adjustment for metabolic conditions, the association between PTSD and incident CVD was attenuated but remained significant (hazard ratio=1.23; 95% CI : 1.06-1.44). After additional adjustment for smoking, sleep disorder, substance use disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression, PTSD was not associated with incident CVD (hazard ratio=0.96; 95% CI : 0.81-1.15). Conclusions PTSD is not an independent risk factor for CVD . Physical and psychiatric conditions and smoking that co-occur with PTSD explain why this patient population has an increased risk of CVD . Careful monitoring may limit exposure to CVD risk factors and subsequent incident CVD .
Paired RNA radiocarbon and sequencing analyses indicate the importance of autotrophy in a shallow alluvial aquifer.

Determining the carbon sources for active microbial populations in the subsurface is a challenging but highly informative component of subsurface microbial ecology. This work developed a method to provide ecological insights into groundwater microbial communities by characterizing community RNA through its radiocarbon and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) signatures. RNA was chosen as the biomolecule of interest because rRNA constitutes the majority of RNA in prokaryotes, represents recently active organisms, and yields detailed taxonomic information. The method was applied to a groundwater filter collected from a shallow alluvial aquifer in Colorado. RNA was extracted, radiometrically dated, and the 16S rRNA was analyzed by RNA-Seq. The RNA had a radiocarbon signature (Δ14C) of -193.4 ± 5.6‰. Comparison of the RNA radiocarbon signature to those of potential carbon pools in the aquifer indicated that at least 51% of the RNA was derived from autotrophy, in close agreement with the RNA-Seq data, which documented the prevalence of autotrophic taxa, such as Thiobacillus and Gallionellaceae. Overall, this hybrid method for RNA analysis provided cultivation-independent information on the in-situ carbon sources of active subsurface microbes and reinforced the importance of autotrophy and the preferential utilization of dissolved over sedimentary organic matter in alluvial aquifers.
Metamorphosis: A Minority Professor's Life

This article is a dark, semi-autobiographical takeoff on a famous novel by Franz Kafka. I use the predicament of Gregor, the central character in The Metamorphosis, as a thematic metaphor to explain a series of events in the life of an outwardly successful man of color teaching law. It proceeds in a series of 37 short vignettes told in the course of a bedside conversation in which my young firebrand Rodrigo turns tables on his usual foil and straight man, “the Professor,” and asks him a few questions about his life and career. Until now, the two had focused on the young man’s ideas and prospects. In an expansive mood, with nothing better to do, the Professor spills the beans. What emerges is a tragicomic description of a middle-aged academic who has come to realize, with a shock, that he is undergoing a jaw-dropping transformation. For the analytically inclined, the story’s prime lesson is that just as race is a social construction, the self-concept and even the soma of a person of color are functions of thousands of racially inflected interactions with fellow humans beginning at an early age. The arrow of social construction, in other words, works both ways, not one. Literature shows this as well. Second, minorities who succeed by the standards of their profession face increasing pressure to revert to their rightful places on the evolutionary scale. Kafka’s book shows how this can happen, and the Professor’s tale does so as well in a modern setting. The moral for minorities is that the struggle to preserve one’s personhood and self-regard must be valiant and unceasing. For well-meaning white allies, the effort on our behalf needs to be so as well.
E-113 Evaluation of geographic factors for rural patients needing access to mechanical thrombectomy at a comprehensive stroke center

Introduction Over 1.8 million Kentuckians live in rural areas,1 and timely access to acute stroke treatments, such as tPA and thrombectomy, is challenging. We evaluated transport patterns for thrombectomy patients, analyzing outcomes related to aspects of transport to our Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) from rural Kentucky. Our goal was to quantify the average amount of time our rural patients would actually save during transport. Methods Records of all patients who were evaluated for thrombectomy at our CSC between July, 2011 to March, 2017 were reviewed through an IRB-approved protocol. Demographics, comorbidities, time intervals, NIHSS scores, and inpatient outcome were collected retrospectively. These variables were analyzed against geographic maps of patient origins by county. Currently, our referral region has no Thrombectomy-capable Stroke Centers (TSC). To further understand resource capability, we mapped county of origin against Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) centers. Result Sixty-three percent of all patients included in our analysis originated from less than 65 miles away. The patients furthest from the CSC originated in counties 159 miles away. Patients less than or equal to 50 miles away (n=78) had LKN to recanalization times of 6.1 hours, while patients greater than 50 miles away had times of 7.7 hours (p=0.015). The number of patients originating from counties with a PCI ranged from 2 to 12. Conclusion From 2011 to early 2017, most thrombectomy patients at our CSC came from counties within 65 miles away. Most importantly, a significant number came from rural environments. This underscores the need for stroke systems of care that address rural needs. Certification of PCI centers for stroke is not a viable option in rural environments, as the average PCI facility in our region would only see 5 to 6 thrombectomy patients over 5.5 years. It is also important to note that a major hurdle in stroke care is recognition of symptoms and initiating contact with EMS. When timeline of stroke care was studied, the time interval between LKN and arrival to a hospital (CSC or regional) is significant for both patients brought directly to CSC and those taken to a regional hospital before being transferred to our CSC. Reference https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/states/kentucky Disclosures S. Kamat: None. E. Abner: None. A. Kuhn: None. J. Fraser: 1; C; University of Kentucky Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine. 2; C; Stream Biomedical, Fawkes Biotechnology.
Attitudes Toward Family-Based Treatment Impact Therapists’ Intent to Change Their Therapeutic Practice for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa

Community-based clinicians who treat patients with eating disorders rarely use empirically-supported treatments, and research demonstrates that clinicians make significant modifications when implementing family-based treatment (FBT) for anorexia nervosa. This study examined clinician attitudes towards FBT and explored the extent to which attitudes predicted intent to shift practices following training in FBT. Clinicians (N = 129) completed a standardized training in FBT for AN, either a two-day introductory training (n = 99) or a one-day “advanced” training (n = 30). Linear regressions were used to examine the association between therapists’ attitudes towards FBT and their intent to use strategies consistent with FBT in the future, adjusting for pre-training use of strategies. Providers reported very positive attitudes towards evidence-based practices in general and moderately positive attitudes towards FBT. There were no significant differences between “novice” and “advanced” providers on attitudes towards evidence-based practices or FBT (ps > .10). For the subset of providers attending their first training in FBT, more positive attitudes towards FBT significantly predicted greater intent to use FBT-consistent strategies (p = .004), and more positive attitudes towards evidence-based practice significantly predicted lesser intent to use FBT-inconsistent strategies (p = .009). This study suggests that both general attitudes towards evidence-based practice and specific attitudes towards FBT may impact implementation. Future research might examine whether a brief intervention to improve attitudes towards FBT might increase the likelihood of seeking expert consultation post-training.
Chapter 126 – Calpain

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an understanding of the calpain family of intracellular cysteine proteases. Earlier work focused on in vitro regulation and activities of these proteases, primarily the two ubiquitous isoforms μ-calpain (calpain 1) and m-calpain (calpain 2). Ongoing structure–function studies have culminated in identification of the molecular structure of the two ubiquitous calpains, and are now deciphering how these enzymes might be activated and modulated, and how they interact with modifiers and targets. Mechanisms to reduce the requirement for calcium to the physiological range have been proposed. These include phospholipid binding, release of calpain from its inhibitor calpastatin, and binding of activator proteins. Evidence supports a critical role for calpain as a signaling intermediate downstream of both integrin and growth factor signaling pathways. The critical importance of the ubiquitous m- and μ-calpain in normal development is demonstrated by transgenic mice deficient in the regulatory subunit that eliminates detectable calpain activity proliferation. Initial studies of the role of calpain were conducted in platelets, an interesting system where calpain clearly plays a role in secretion, adhesion, and aggregation.
Interactions of Foodborne Pathogens with the Food Matrix

Foods provide the energy dense nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats that are essential for human, animal, and microbial health. On occasion, microorganisms may cause diseases in humans, resulting in efforts by food processors to reduce the growth or eliminate pathogens in the food. However, much of our understanding of the behavior of foodborne pathogens, especially growth, stress response, and physiology has been defined using controlled environments, frequently in the absence of a solid food. These laboratory studies do not often take into consideration the intricate and dynamic relationships between pathogens and the food matrix that serves as its vehicle. This interaction can greatly impact the physiological state of the microorganisms and the respective ability to cause disease. Food processors understand that the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of foods can be manipulated to prevent or control the growth of microorganisms, but the foods’ characteristics only describe half of the story between the pathogens and matrix. Understanding the microbial ecology and responses within a dynamic food microenvironment is key to solving food safety problems and preventing foodborne illnesses. This chapter sheds light on the interactions of the foodborne pathogens with the food matrix.
A biventricular takotsubo cardiomyopathy complication: large thrombus formation to stroke in 150 min.

A 67-year-old postmenopausal African American woman presented with biventricular takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC)-evidenced by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showing apical akinesis of both left and right ventricles in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease on left heart catheterisation. On the 4th hospital day, she experienced acute left facial droop, dysarthria and dysphagia. CT of the head showed a wedge infarct of the right middle cerebral artery territory. Cardioembolism was presumed after intracranial and extracranial sources of thromboembolism were ruled out. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered with resolution of symptoms. She was later discharged without neurological deficits. Crucially, repeat TTE after tPA infusion revealed a left ventricular mass concerning for thrombus. TTE 150 min prior to stroke onset was devoid of a mass. This case uniquely illustrates the potential for rapid thrombus formation and embolism in patients with TTC. As such, it emphasises the high index of suspicion required for management of these patients.
Association of Prepregnancy BMI, Gestational Weight Gain, and Child Birth Weight with Metabolic Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Objectives Previous studies have reported that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and child birth weight are positively associated with metabolic dysfunction (a broader term than metabolic syndrome) in children and adolescents. Physical activity habits may play a role in reducing these risk factors. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association of prepregnancy BMI, GWG, child birth weight, physical activity, and sedentary time with metabolic dysfunction in a cohort of children and adolescents with obesity. Methods Participants (N = 117; 53% Hispanic) were children and adolescents, aged 8 to 17 years, with obesity. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, and a complete lipid profile were obtained. Body weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured. A self-reported survey assessed prepregnancy BMI, GWG, child birth weight, physical activity, and sedentary time. The χ2 test and the Mantel-Haenzel test statistic were used to examine the differences in proportions for the outcome of metabolic dysfunction. Results In this sample, 76.9% of children and adolescents had metabolic dysfunction. Prepregnancy BMI and GWG were not associated with metabolic dysfunction. Child birth weight and sedentary behavior were positively correlated (P = 0.033 and P = 0.015, respectively) with a diagnosis of metabolic dysfunction. Physical activity levels were not associated with metabolic dysfunction. Hispanic and non-Hispanic youth were similar for all risk factors. Conclusions Contrary to previous studies, prepregnancy BMI and GWG were not correlated with metabolic dysfunction. These findings support the need for lifestyle interventions, particularly in reducing sedentary behaviors, in obese children and adolescents.
Centering Accessibility: A Review of Institutional Repository Policy and Practice

INTRODUCTION Libraries have proposed institutional repositories as a means of providing universal access to university research. However, in recent years, it has become clear that universities and libraries have neglected web accessibility in constructing services including open access publishing programs. METHODS To better understand accessibility practices in relation to institutional repositories, survey responses were collected from repository managers. The survey consisted of five multiple choice and two open-ended questions regarding remediation and accessibility practices used by repository managers. RESULTS & DISCUSSION While the importance of accessibility has been well documented, survey responses showed that few policies and practices have been put in place to ensure accessibility in institutional repositories. Key barriers to accessibility included lack of organizational resources, lack of time, inadequate training, and product restrictions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that accessibility should be prioritized in future creation of policies and allocation of library resources.
Does Hydration Status Influence Executive Function? A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background Cognitive function, including executive function (EF)-related capacities (eg, working memory, inhibitory and attentional control), has been linked to adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Dehydration is associated with impaired cognitive function, whereas improvements in hydration status may improve inhibitory and attentional performance. No systematic reviews have examined the effects of both dehydration and euhydration on EF. Objective The objectives of this systematic review are to examine studies that have investigated the spectrum of hydration status and EF in adults, and to identify future research needs. Design The review was conducted according to the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The database search was initially conducted on May 12, 2019 and then updated on April 26, 2020. Databases searched included PubMed, Medline, Psyc Info, SCOPUS, Proquest, and ISI Web of Science. Data extraction included the following: method used to assess de/hydration status, study design, participant characteristics, EF tasks and domain, and results. Article quality ratings were performed on included studies using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Rating Checklist. Participants/Setting Studies done with healthy or diseased adults, aged older than 18 years, in any setting, were included. Studies of individuals with disease states that impact fluid balance or require fluid restrictions as treatments were excluded. Main Outcome Measure All EF-related outcomes were included, such as working memory, inhibitory control, task switching, and attention. Results Four thousand eight hundred thirty-three articles were screened using title/abstracts. Seventy-one full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; 33 were included (26 included investigations of dehydration; 27 included investigations of rehydration/euhydration) with 3,636 participants across all studies. Little consistency was found across outcomes. Roughly half of the available studies suggested unclear or neutral EF effects, and half suggested effects on EF domains, particularly working memory, inhibitory control, and attention. Studies including a euhydration condition were slightly more likely to demonstrate improvements to EF capacities. Conclusions Overall, there is a strong need for consistent methodological approaches and a greater number of long-term (ie, >3 days) studies of dehydration and euhydration and EF.
Forearm brachial artery to brachial vein looped arteriovenous grafts: A single center, single surgeon observational study.

Background:Long-term hemodialysis (HD) treatment requires the establishment of a cannulatable vascular access (VA) point. While the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is considered the gold standard, the ...
A biosynthetic pathway to aromatic amines that uses glycyl-tRNA as nitrogen donor.

Aromatic amines in nature are typically installed with Glu or Gln as the nitrogen donor. Here we report a pathway that features glycyl-tRNA instead. During the biosynthesis of pyrroloiminoquinone-type natural products such as ammosamides, peptide-aminoacyl tRNA ligases append amino acids to the C-terminus of a ribosomally synthesized peptide. First, $${\mathrm{Amm}}{{{\mathrm{B}}}}_{{{\mathrm{C}}}}^{{{{\mathrm{Trp}}}}}$$ adds Trp in a Trp-tRNA-dependent reaction and the flavoprotein AmmC1 then carries out three hydroxylations of the indole ring of Trp. After oxidation to the corresponding ortho-hydroxy para-quinone, $${\mathrm{Amm}}{{{\mathrm{B}}}}_{{{\mathrm{D}}}}^{{{{\mathrm{Gly}}}}}$$ attaches Gly to the indole ring in a Gly-tRNA dependent fashion. Subsequent decarboxylation and hydrolysis results in an amino-substituted indole. Similar transformations are catalysed by orthologous enzymes from Bacillus halodurans. This pathway features three previously unknown biochemical processes using a ribosomally synthesized peptide as scaffold for non-ribosomal peptide extension and chemical modification to generate an amino acid-derived natural product. Biosynthesis of aromatic amines typically uses glutamic acid or glutamine as the nitrogen donor. Now, a biosynthetic pathway to aromatic amines has been reported that uses glycyl-tRNA as the nitrogen donor. The myosin-targeting ammosamide is made via a pathway that involves the post-translational modification of a tryptophan, which is added to the end of a peptide in a tryptophanyl-tRNA-dependent step.
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Pseudomonas Cepacia Phthalate Dioxygenase

Bacterial degradation of aromatic compounds generally proceeds by a series of oxygenations. In Pseudomonas cepacia, the first step in phthalate metabolism is dihydroxylation to give phthalate 4,5-dihydrodiol. This reaction is catalyzed by a novel non-heme iron oxygenase. The phthalate dioxygenase from P. cepacia is a large (ca. 192,000 kDa) tetrameric protein containing one “Rieske-like” 2Fe/2S cluster and one mononuclear Fe site per monomer (Batie et al, 1987). We used x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the structures of the metal sites in phthalate dioxygenase.
Chapter 19 The Movies

Abstract This chapter is an overview of a new kind of economics of the movies; it also is my attempt to lay a new foundation of the economics of art and culture. The essence of cultural goods is that they are creative goods that have no natural limit on their consumption or dissemination; they are information goods. And they are wildly uncertain. I show how this vision may be implemented in a rigorous and insightful way in the study of the movies. A centerpiece of the analysis is the stable Paretian hypothesis and its usefulness as a model of motion picture revenues, costs, and returns. The industry's organization, contracts, pricing, and compensation deals are also seen as rational adaptations to the uncertainty captured by the stable Paretian probability model. The essence of the stable Paretian model is that the probabilities of motion picture outcomes are far from Normal. The tails of the stable Paretian distribution are “heavy” and large-scale events are far more probable in a Paretian than in a Gaussian world. The large events far out on the probability tails dominate sample statistics. The variance is infinite and, for some variables, even the mean does not exist. Movie box office revenues, therefore, have no natural size or scale and there is no typical or average movie; each is unique unto itself. Revenue and cost dynamics are complex and expectations of cost or revenue at level X are proportional to X.
Loss of interleukin-12 modifies the pro-inflammatory response but does not prevent duct obstruction in experimental biliary atresia.

Livers of infants with biliary atresia and of neonatal mice infected with rotavirus (RRV) have increased expression of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-12. While the expression of IFNγ regulates the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts by lymphocytes, the role of IL-12 in the pathogenesis of biliary obstruction is unknown. Based on the role of IL-12 as a key proinflammatory cytokine, we hypothesized that loss of IL-12 prevents the obstruction of extrahepatic bile ducts. IL12-knockout (IL-12KO) and wild type mice were injected with RRV or saline at day 1 of age and monitored for the development of symptoms. The cellular and molecular phenotypes were determined at days 3, 7, and 14 by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RRV infection of IL-12KO mice resulted in growth failure, jaundice/acholic stools, and decreased survival similar to wild-type mice. IL-12KO mice had a remarkable neutrophil-rich portal inflammation and epithelial sloughing of extrahepatic bile ducts. Loss of IL-12 decreased but did not abolish the hepatic expression of IFNγ, displayed a remarkable increase in expression of TNFα, IFNα, IFNβ and decreased expression of IL-4 and IL-5. Loss of IL-12 did not modify the progression of bile duct obstruction in experimental biliary atresia. However, the inflammatory response was predominantly neutrophil-based and displayed a Th1 response in the absence of IL-12.
Effect of moisture on the time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) behavior in an ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectric

In a study of the TDDB performance of an ultra-low-k (ULK) dielectric (JSR 5537 k = 2.3) it was found that the presence of moisture significantly reduced the TDDB lifetime as well as increased leakage and capacitance. It was also observed that the field coefficient (/spl gamma/) in an "E" TDDB lifetime model was significantly larger in "dry" samples than in "wet" samples.