cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental botulism in monkeys--a clinical pathological study.

Abstract The experimentally produced syndrome of botulism (Type A toxin) in the monkey, when the toxin is administered intravenously, mimics the human counterpart, which usually results from ingestion. All the animals developed the same signs, which appeared in a definite sequence. Onset and duration of signs were dose-related, and signs were reversible in survivors. The only consistent findings on autopsy were atelectasis and bronchopneumonia. Animals that died showed no morphological changes. In the rhesus monkey, the intravenous LD 50 of Type A partially purified toxin is 40 MU/kg; the intragastric LD 50 is 30,000 MU/kg. In the squirrel monkey, the intravenous LD 50 is 66 MU/kg.
Lymphatic network of kidney. II. Effect of diuretics on intrarenal renin release.

Abstract The individual effects of chlorothiazide, furosemide, and mannitol on renin activity in renal lymph have been studied in dogs. Elevation of renin activity in lymph is noted following infusion with either chlorothiazide or furosemide, while a reduction of renin activity in renal lymph is noted after mannitol infusion. The importance of elevated sodium levels in the, proximal end of the distal tubule and its effects on renin release in kidney interstitium is stressed. More work is advocated to elucidate fully the role of renin when released intrarenally.
Statistical orientation fluctuations in 188Os

Abstract The role of the nuclear orientation in hot rotating nuclei is explored microscopically. We calculate statistical fluctuations in the orientation of the nucleus 188 Os relative to the spin vector by solving the finite-temperature HFB equation with three-dimensional cranking and the pairingplus-quadrupole interaction. The nuclear principal axis frame is defined self-consistently for each orientation by constraining the quadrupole mass tensor to be diagonal. We study the thermal and rotational dependence of the orientation probability distribution within the constant average spin constraint. Orientation fluctuations are also computed with the macroscopic Landau theory of hot rotating nuclei, and the results compare favorably with those of the microscopic HFB calculations. The equilibrium nuclear orientation is calculated as a function of temperature and spin to investigate the possibility of stable tilted rotation for this nucleus. For all rotational configurations considered, the nuclear free energy is found to be a minimum when the spin axis coincides with a principal axis of the quadrupole shape.
Dynamic self-adaptation for distributed service-oriented transactions

Dynamic software adaptation addresses software systems that need to change their behavior during execution. To address reuse in dynamic software adaptation, software adaptation patterns, also referred to as software reconfiguration patterns, have been developed. A software adaptation pattern defines how a set of components that make up an architecture or design pattern dynamically cooperate to change the software configuration to a new configuration given a set of adaptation commands. This paper describes a dynamic self-adaptation pattern for distributed transaction management in service-oriented applications.
Turbulence spectra and local similarity scaling in a strongly stratified oceanic bottom boundary layer

Abstract In the turbulence inertial subrange, wavenumber spectra of vertical velocity and streamwise velocity in a strongly stratified oceanic bottom boundary layer agree with the local similarity scaling laws found previously in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. At scales greater than the turbulence inertial subrange, oceanic velocity spectra exceed the universal spectra. This additional energy at large scales could be due either to internal waves, inappropriate estimates of turbulence parameters, or non-stationarity of the data. Providing that the energy containing eddies in the stratified boundary layer have a scale close to the Ozmidov scale, e1/2N−3/2, where e is the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rate and N is the buoyancy frequency, the universal model spectrum leads to a turbulent scaling e=βNσw2, where β is a dimensionless constant 0.6–1.5 and σw2 is the vertical velocity variance. This scaling law of e has been found in free shear flows in the ocean and atmosphere. The turbulence Reynolds stress is related to the vertical velocity variance as −〈u′w′〉=1/4σw2. The strong stratification in the observed tidal bottom boundary layer is maintained by the advective density gradient. Results reported here include the effects of horizontal advection.
An autoradiographic and cytochemical study of cellular interactions during oogenesis in the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus.

Abstract By means of autoradiography and ligation, it has been demonstrated that the cytoplasmic RNA of the growing oocyte is derived from two sources: the trophic syncytium and the oocyte nucleus. Neither DNA nor protein could be shown to enter the oocyte from external sources.
Combinatorial synthesis and characterization of mixed metal oxides for soot combustion

Abstract A polymerizable-complex method (PCM) was used with automated solution deposition to generate combinatorial libraries of oxide powders that were evaluated for their ability to catalyze the combustion of soot. Chemical compositions were examined for catalytic activity in the soot combustion reaction in parallel using infrared thermography and serially using automated thermogravimetric analysis. Although infrared analysis is much faster, it is not easily suited to analyzing soot combustion in the configuration employed in the present study. Instead, the slower automated thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was found to be much more reliable and reproducible. The results of characterizing simple oxide systems (Ce–K–O, Cu–K–O, Ce–Na–O and Cu–Na–O) are reported.
Microwave spectrum of the SO2-H2S complex

Abstract Ten Δ J = 1 rotational transitions for the SO 2 -H 2 S complex were observed in the 4–12 GHz frequency range using a pulsed-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The complex is a near-prolate asymmetric top with 1 2 (B + C) = 1649(6) MHz and B - C = 228(10) MHz. Some of the observed transitions show inversion or hindered internal rotation splittings. A tentative structure is a non-planar cyclic complex containing two hydrogen bonds from H 2 S to the oxygen atoms on SO 2 .
HIDDEN REGULATORS IN ATTACHMENT, SEPARATION, AND LOSS

Love and grief, two of the most intense and complex human emotions, have their origins in the infant's attachment to her parents and in her responses to separation from them. In early development, when these responses are first evident, we have no descriptions of the inner experience of these emotions and no verbal assessment measures to guide us in our research. In this regard, studies of human infants are no different from research with young animals; we must use observations of behavior and of physiological responses to make inferences about the nature of the processes responsible for the elicitation, the control of intensity, and the termination of these early emotion states. Research on young mammals of widely divergent species has revealed a remarkable similarity between infant animal and human behavior, particularly with respect to behaviors used to maintain proximity and those elicited by separation. In addition, a number of physiological responses to separation have been described that generalize widely across species from laboratory rats to rhesus and pigtail macaque monkeys. These cross-species similarities encourage us to believe that we can learn something about the basic processes underlying attachment, separation, and loss in human infants from experimental studies on the young of other species. Contemporary concepts of attachment grew out of attempts to understand responses to separation and loss (Bowlby 1969/1982, 1980) but are currently much more focused on individual differences in the development of patterns of attachment behaviors and of the mental representations that
Isolated avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament: An uncommon dashboard injury

A, Lateral radiograph of night knee shows bony fragment (arrow) consistent with avulsion at site of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) insertion. B, Ti -weighted (TR = 500, TE = 1 2) coronal Image of knee shows area of low signal intensity In anteromedial tibial plateau (arrow) consistent with site of impact of tibia on dashboard. C, Proton density-weighted (TA = 3000, TE = 20)fast spin-echo sagittal image shows cortical disruption at site of PCL insertion on posterior tibia (long arrow) and displaced segment of PCL with attached tiblal cortex (short arrow). Remainder of PCL was intact on other images. This is another in the continuing series on radiology in trauma cases from the Harborview Medical Center. Editors: Fred A. Mann and Lee B. Talner. 1 Department of Radiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, 325 Ninth Ave., ZA-65, Seattle, WA 98104. Address correspondence to F. A. Mann. 2Department of Orthopaedics, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104. AJR i995;i64:1190 0361-803X/95/1645-11 90 © American Roentger. Ray Society 1190
Binding of Tamm-Horsfall protein to complement 1q and complement 1, including influence of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Binding of Tamm-Horsfall protein to complement 1q and complement 1, including influence of hydrogen-ion concentration
THE RELEVANCE OF THE LOGIC THEORY MACHINE TO MODELLING OF EVOLUTIONARY SYSTEMS

Based on the postulates underlying the Logic Theory Machine, an attempt is made to develop a stochastic model of the process of problem solving in non‐laboratory situations. To determine the adequacy of the proposed model it is applied to the illustrative case of improvement in the design of digital computers over the course of time. The results of this study do not refute the claim that the scope of the information theory of problem solving may be broader than the tasks it has been applied hitherto. In particular, the relevance of the postulates underlying the Logic Theory Machine to modelling of evolutionary systems is pointed out.
Some second-order vibrating systems cannot tolerate small time delays in their damping

We show that certain infinite-dimensional damped second-order systems of linear differential equations become unstable when arbitrarily small time delays occur in the damping.
Determining outcomes, adverse events, and predictors of success after sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary disorders in women

Introduction and hypothesis The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of successful treatment of lower urinary tract disorders with sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and the rate of adverse events and reoperations.
Cyclodextrin enhanced transdermal delivery of piroxicam and carboxyfluorescein by electroporation.

The transdermal transport of cyclodextrins (CD) across porcine epidermis by electroporation was studied. Electroporation increased the permeation of β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) by several orders of magnitude, relative to passive transport. The presence of BCD and HPCD enhanced the total transport of the test permeants piroxicam and carboxyfluorescein (CF), respectively, from both permeant solutions and suspensions. BCD enhanced the fraction of piroxicam transported across the epidermis into the receiver compartment medium. This was most likely due to the prolonged post-pulse permeability state of the epidermis. The fraction of CF retained in the epidermis was increased by HPCD. The rate of diffusion of CF from epidermis into the receiver compartment was decreased by the presence of HPCD, apparently due to the aggregate forming tendency of HPCD. The in vivo delivery of CF by electroporation in mice demonstrated the potential of HPCD for sustaining the transdermal absorption rate of hydrophilic molecules.
Reliability Models for SEC/DED Memory With Scrubbing in FPGA-Based Designs

Block RAMs on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are susceptible to radiation-induced single-event upsets (SEUs) and are usually protected by fault-tolerant techniques such as single error correction/double error correction (SEC/DED) codes and/or scrubbing. Scrubbing can be divided into two categories based on the mechanism that controls the scrubbing interval. With deterministic scrubbing, each memory location is scrubbed (repaired) on a regular basis and the interval is fixed. With probabilistic scrubbing, a word is checked and corrected any time it is accessed (read or written). In this case, the scrubbing interval is exponentially distributed. This paper presents two mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) models for SEC/DED memory with scrubbing, which can be applied to general applications, including FPGA designs. The first one considers only probabilistic scrubbing but takes into account nonuniform scrub rates for different memory locations. The second model combines both deterministic scrubbing and probabilistic scrubbing into a single model. The proposed models provide more accurate MTTF estimates compared with prior models. An FPGA-based DSP application is studied as an example to show how the proposed models can be used for estimating memory reliability and to reveal the impact of probabilistic scrub rates and memory access distributions on memory reliability.
PULMONARY RESPONSES TO INHALED PARA-ARAMID FIBRILS IN EXPOSED RATS AND HAMSTERS

This multifunctional study was designed to (1) compare the pulmonary effects of size-separated p-aramid vs. chrysotile asbestos inhalation exposure in rats; and (2) to compare the effects of p-aramid inhalation in rats and in hamsters following exposures to aerosolised, size-separated fibrils. A new term to characterise para-fibrils is also introduced herein. Respirable-sized, fibre-shaped particulates (RFP) have recently been described as the respirable component of para-aramid fibres (ECETOC). Para-aramid fibres are nonrespirable, having a diameter of 12-15 urn. Henceforth, the term p-aramid RFP will be used interchangeably with the term "p-aramid fibrils" and these denote the respirable-sized fraction of para-aramid fibres. Rats were exposed nose-only for 2 weeks to design fibre concentrations of 400 and 750 f ml" p-aramid RFP or chrysotile asbestos fibres, while hamsters were exposed whole-body to p-aramid for 2 weeks to design fibre concentrations of 350 and 700 f ml". Following completion of exposures, the lungs of sham and fibre-exposed rats were evaluated immediately after (time 0), as well as 5 days, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postexposure. The hamster study is currently ongoing; thus, sham and p-aramid fibril-exposed animals have been evaluated immediately after 2 week exposures as well as 10 days, 1 and 3 months postexposure. The major endpoints of this study are assessments of (1) fibre deposition and clearance; (2) biopersistence of inhaled fibrils; and (3) cellular proliferation of terminal bronchiolar, pulmonary parenchymal, subpleural and mesothelial cells. The mean fibre concentrations over the 2 week period were 458 and 782 f ml" for chrysotile asbestos; mean RFP concentrations were 419 and 772 f mP 1 for nose-only p-aramid exposed rats and 358 and 659 f ml" for p-aramid exposed hamsters. p-Aramid fibrils were recovered from the lungs of exposed animals using a diluted Clorox digestion technique. Fibre lung burdens for the two groups of exposed rats immediately after p-aramid exposure were 4.8 x 10 and 7.6 x 10 fibrils/lung, respectively; similar numbers of chrysotile fibres > 5 urn were recovered from the lungs of asbestos exposed rats. The lung burden for the high dose hamster group was approximately 8 x 10 fibrils/lung. Biopersistence studies in rats indicated that there was an initial decrease (relative to asbestos) in the numbers of cleared p-aramid fibrils and this corresponded to a reduction in the mean lengths of inhaled fibrils during this time period, signifying biodegradability of inhaled fibrils. Clearance of fibrils was more rapid after the first month
In Defense of Batter-Program Standards

In the May 1997 issue of Families in Society, Moore, Greenfield, Wilson, and Kok (1997) discuss the timely issue of assessment, practice, and practice regulation in batterer-intervention programs. The authors present a taxonomy of batterers, advocate for the use of the PIE system (Karls & Wandrei, 1994) to classify batterers, call for more research on batterers and batterer-intervention programs, and challenge the dominant practice approach used by batterer-intervention programs in the United States and Canada, which they label the psychoeducation model (PEM). The authors use an application of their taxonomy as a platform to challenge the current regulation of batterer-intervention programs in the United States and Canada.
China and the Erie Canal

China's Imperial Canal excited the imagination of a succession of travelers. While American and British canal promoters were interested in the technological details, the true importance of the Chinese precedent lay in the breadth of concept — a gigantic, state-supported geophysical manipulation in the interests of interregional trade.
An Ecological Turn in Rhetoric of Health Scholarship: Attending to the Historical Flow and Percolation of Ideas, Assumptions, and Arguments

The “Rhetoric Of Health” is a relatively new scholarly subfield, although insightful rhetorical analyses about health-related issues (e.g., Solomon, 1985; Vanderford, 1989), as well as compelling h...
Melanoma risk perception and prevention behavior among African-Americans: the minority melanoma paradox.

Introduction Melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer with 75% of all skin cancer deaths within the US attributed to it. Risk factors for melanoma include ultraviolet exposure, genetic predisposition, and phenotypic characteristics (eg, fair skin and blond hair). Whites have a 27-fold higher incidence of melanoma than African-Americans (AA), but the 5-year survival is 17.8% lower for AA than Whites. It is reported continuously that AA have more advanced melanomas at diagnosis, and overall lower survival rates. This minority melanoma paradox is not well understood or studied.
Exchange Rate Uncertainty and the Demand for U.S. Soybeans

This study examines the effects of exchange rate uncertainty on bilateral soybean trade flows and finds that imports for Japan, France, and Spain are sensitive to short-term variations in nominal bilateral exchange rates. This research extends previous work by focusing on bilateral trade for a single commodity, using a longer sample period, and testing over a variety of model specifications. The results suggest that the effects vary across countries depending on access to forward markets, the availability of alternative soybean suppliers, the degree of market concentration in the domestic soybean processing sector, and the degree of currency risk importers are willing to assume. The decline in U.S. agricultural exports during the 1980s has been explained by numerous factors including stagnant world income, increased foreign competition, the existence of trade barriers, and the level of the exchange rate. An additional factor, exchange rate volatility, has received less attention in agricultural trade models. Since the adoption of the flexible exchange rate system in the early 1970s, variability in exchange rates has had a potentially destabilizing impact on trade. Disruptions in trade can occur because exchange rate variations change the actual price paid or received for traded goods, causing adjustments in quantities traded, domestic prices, or in the timing of sales in order to avoid the effects of variability on profits.' Other, longer-term effects may occur if exchange rate uncertainty persists. To the extent that goods are substitutable, such adjustments can be manifested as a sustained preference for domestic suppliers over foreign suppliers or alternative sources of foreign supply may be explored. The magnitude of the effect of exchange rate uncertainty on quantity imported is dependent upon, inter alia, the respective exchange rate elasticities and the importer's response to variability; for some goods this magnitude can be substantial. The objective of this study is to determine
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION VIA MODELING: A CASE STUDY OF THE ORNL CRAY XT4 UPGRADE

We present predictive performance models of two of the petascale applications, S3D and GTC, from the DOE Office of Science workload. We outline the development of these models and demonstrate their validation on an Opteron/Infiniband cluster and the pre-upgrade ORNL Jaguar system (Cray XT3/XT4). Given the high accuracy of the full application models, we predict the performance of the Jaguar system after the upgrade of its nodes, and subsequently compare this to the actual performance of the upgraded system. We then analyze the performance of the system based on the models to quantify bottlenecks and potential optimizations. Finally, the models are used to quantify the benefits of alternative node allocation strategies, and to quantify performance degradation resulting from inter-process competition for network resources.
A Theoretical Study of the Magnetic Structure of Bulk Iron with Radiation Defects

A fundamental understanding of the radiation damage effects in solids is of great importance in assisting the development of improved materials with ultra-high strength, toughness, and radiation resistance for nuclear energy applications. In this presentation, we show our recent theoretical investigation on the magnetic structure evolution of bulk iron in the region surrounding the radiation defects. We applied the locally self-consistent multiple scattering method (LSMS), a linear scaling ab-initio method based on density functional theory with local spin density approximation, to the study of the magnetic structure in a low energy cascade in a 10,000-atom sample for a series of time steps for the evolution of the defects. The primary damage state and the evolution of all defects in the sample were simulated using molecular dynamics with empirical, embedded-atom inter-atomic potentials. We also discuss the importance of thermal effect on the magnetic structure evolution.
ErbB Receptor-Driven Prolactinomas Respond to Targeted Lapatinib Treatment in Female Transgenic Mice

As ErbB receptors are expressed in prolactinomas and exhibit downstream effects on prolactin (PRL) production and cell proliferation, we generated transgenic mice using a PRL enhancer/promoter expression system to restrict lactotroph-specific expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human EGFR2 (HER2). EGFR or HER2 transgenic mice developed prolactinomas between 13 and 15 months, and confocal immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis confirmed lactotroph-restricted PRL and EGFR or HER2 coexpression. Circulating PRL levels in EGFR and HER2 transgenic mice were increased 5- and 3.8-fold, respectively. Inhibiting EGFR or HER2 signaling with oral lapatinib (100 mg/kg), a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor for both EGFR and HER2, suppressed circulating PRL by 72% and attenuated tumor PRL expression by 80% and also attenuated downstream tumor EGFR/HER2 signaling. This model demonstrates the role of ErbB receptors underlying prolactinoma tumorigenesis and the feasibility of targeting these receptors for translation to treatment of refractory prolactinomas.
Agent Based Approach for Searching, Mining and Managing Enormous Amounts of Spatial Image Data

Scientists and intelligence analysts are interested in quickly discovering new results from the vast amount of available geospatial data. The key issues that arise in this pursuit are how to cope with new and changing information and how to manage the steadily increasing amount of available data. This paper describes a novel agent architecture that has been developed and tested to address these issues by combining innovative approaches from three distinct research areas: software agents, georeferenced data modeling, and content-based image retrieval (CBIR). The overall system architecture is based on a multi-agent paradigm where agents autonomously search for images over the Internet, then convert the images to a vector used for use in searching and retrieval. Results show that this system is capable of significantly reducing the time and management effort associated with large amounts of image data.
Functional derivatives for uncertainty quantification and error estimation and reduction via optimal high-fidelity simulations

One of the most fundamental challenges in predictive modeling and simulation involving materials is quantifying and minimizing the errors that originate from the use of approximate constitutive laws (with uncertain parameters and/or model form). We propose to use functional derivatives of the quantity of interest (QoI) with respect to the input constitutive laws to quantify how the QoI depends on the entire input functions as opposed to its parameters as is common practice. This functional sensitivity can be used to (i) quantify the prediction uncertainty originating from uncertainties in the input functions; (ii) compute a first-order correction to the QoI when a more accurate constitutive law becomes available, and (iii) rank possible high-fidelity simulations in terms of the expected reduction in the error of the predicted QoI. We demonstrate the proposed approach with two examples involving solid mechanics where linear elasticity is used as the low-fidelity constitutive law and a materials model including non-linearities is used as the high-fidelity law. These examples show that functional uncertainty quantification not only provides an exact correction to the coarse prediction if the high-fidelity model is completely known but also a high-accuracy estimate of the correction with only a few evaluations of the high-fidelity model. The proposed approach is generally applicable and we foresee it will be useful to determine where and when high-fidelity information is required in predictive simulations.
The c-MYC-interacting proapoptotic tumor suppressor BIN1 is a transcriptional target for E2F1 in response to DNA damage

The E2F1 transcription factor, which was originally identified as a cell-cycle initiator, mediates apoptosis in response to DNA damage. As E2F1-induced apoptosis is an attractive mechanism for cancer therapy, it is critical to fully elucidate its effector pathways. Here, we show that the c-MYC-interacting proapoptotic tumor suppressor, BIN1, is transcriptionally activated by E2F1 and mediates E2F1-induced apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Acting through the DNA-binding and transactivation domains, ectopically expressed E2F1 activated the human BIN1 promoter, which contains canonical E2F-recognition sites. Conversely, depletion of E2F1 by small interfering RNA or germline deletion led to BIN1 deficiency. DNA-damaging agents (which included etoposide) increased BIN1 levels, unless E2F1 was deficient. Moreover, endogenous E2F1 protein interacted directly with the BIN1 gene promoter in chromatin, particularly after etoposide treatment. Notably, suppression of BIN1 expression using an antisense (AS) technique attenuated the cell death mediated by E2F1 and etoposide. Although the p53 tumor suppressor, its sibling protein p73, and caspases are well-known E2F1 effectors for DNA damage-induced apoptosis, AS-BIN1 did not compromise their apoptotic functions. Our results collectively suggest that BIN1 is a novel transcriptional target of E2F1 that triggers a unique mode of cell death in response to DNA damage.
Modeling PTCDA Spectra and Polymer Excitations

The spectra of PTCDA crystals and multiple quantum wells are modeled using Frenkel and charge-transfer excitons in molecular stacks with vibronic coupling to a local mode. They correspond to intra and interchain excitations, respectively, of conjugated polymers with precisely defined chromophores and contacts. Mixed FrenkelCT vibronics with vanishing dispersion at k = 0 lead to a dimer that accounts for absorption and electroabsorption, while fluorescence indicates a delocalized Frenkel exciton with a band width of 0.28 eV. In contrast to polymer films, the model parameters for PTCDA are largely fixed by structural, molecular and solution data.
The Role of the Practitioner‐Scholar: Johan Kaufmann’s Contributions to Scholarship on Decision Making in the United Nations System

The significant role that practitioner-scholars can play in research on the UN system is illuminated through analysis of the contributions of Johan Kaufmann who represented The Netherlands as Permanent Representative to UN agencies in New York and Geneva and to OECD in Paris. He combined scholarship with practice throughout his thirty-eight years in the Foreign Service and until his death in 1999. He was a keen observer of the impact on UN decisions of different negotiating styles, psychological and cultural characteristics, and professional backgrounds, as well as the significance of the diversity of roles played by representatives of states, elected officers of UN bodies, UN Secretariats, regional organizations, and NGOs. He had a penetrating awareness of the importance of the physical surroundings of conference diplomacy. He was a systemic thinker, continually placing activities near at hand in the larger context of the UN system and beyond. His scholarship most certainly reveals that practitioner-scholars can make vital contributions to international studies.
Wind Energy Assessment Using a Wind Turbine With Dynamic Yaw Control

In conducting the siting analysis of a possible on-shore or off-shore wind farm, computational tools are required to analyze the extensive wind data collected over long periods of time in order to estimate the energy that can be harnessed at that particular location. The major parameters that play a crucial role in this are the wind speed, wind direction, and presence of turbulence in the upcoming wind. However, estimation of the potential for electrical energy generation from wind at a particular site is quite complex and prone to error due to the uncertain nature of the wind. The yaw error, which is the difference between the direction of wind and the normal to the face of the rotor, can reduce the power output of a wind turbine significantly. Zero inertia assumption for the turbine rotor used by multiple assessment tools result in overestimation of the power output. For an accurate estimation of the energy that can be harnessed, the effect of directional change of the wind should be incorporated along with the other obvious parameters such as the wind speed, the effect of landscape and altitude. Most modern utility-scale wind turbines are equipped with yaw motion controller and direction measuring sensors that help change the yaw angle of the wind turbine to adjust for the wind direction. A dynamic control model and the corresponding scheme have to be incorporated in the energy estimation process. A wind energy assessment analysis for a potential off-shore wind farm in Lake Michigan is currently under way. An unmanned marine buoy, equipped with LIDAR-based data acquisition system, is deployed in Lake Michigan and data are measured at six different altitudes starting from 55 m and up to 175 m. As project participants, the authors have been working on developing a versatile, flexible and precise model and software tool to evaluate the potential for electrical energy generation. A MATLAB based program has been developed for this purpose, equipped with the capability of working with different data formats and different time averaged data sets. A dynamic model capable of considering the change in wind direction and adjusting the yaw angle has been developed as a part of the MATLAB program. The dynamic model evaluates the yaw error and implements a scheme for the adjustment of the orientation of the wind turbine in order to provide an accurate estimate of the amount of wind energy that can be converted into electrical energy. The algorithm for this dynamic model and the results obtained are discussed in this paper.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Crystal structure and absolute configuration of (3S,4aS,8aS)-N-tert-butyl-2-[(S)-3-(2-chloro-4-nitro-benzamido)-2-hy-droxy-prop-yl]deca-hydro-isoquinoline-3-carboxamide and (3S,4aS,8aS)-N-tert-butyl-2-{(S)-2-[(S)-1-(2-chloro-4-nitro-benzoyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2-hy-droxy-eth-yl}deca-hydro-iso-quinoline-3-carboxamide.

The crystal structure and absolute configuration of the two new title nelfinavir analogs, C24H35ClN4O5, (I), and C27H39ClN4O5, (II), have been determined. Each of these mol­ecules exhibits a number of disordered moieties. There are intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in both (I) and (II). In (I) it involves the two carboxamide groups, while in (II) it involves the N-tert-butyl carboxamide group and the 2-hydroxyl O atom. The inter­molecular hydrogen bonding in (I) (O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O) leads to two-dimensional sheets that extend parallel to the ac plane. The inter­molecular hydrogen bonding in (II) (O—H⋯O) leads to chains that extend parallel to the a axis.
Neuroimaging findings in infantile Pompe patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy.

Abstract Background Recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has prolonged survival in infantile Pompe disease (IPD), but has unmasked central nervous system (CNS) changes. Methods Brain imaging, consisting of computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), was performed on 23 patients with IPD (17 CRIM-positive, 6 CRIM-negative) aged 2–38 months. Most patients had baseline neuroimaging performed prior to the initiation of ERT. Follow-up neuroimaging was performed in eight. Results Sixteen patients (70%) had neuroimaging abnormalities consisting of ventricular enlargement (VE) and/or extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid accumulation (EACSF) at baseline, with delayed myelination in two. Follow-up neuroimaging (n = 8) after 6–153 months showed marked improvement, with normalization of VE and EACSF in seven patients. Two of three patients imaged after age 10 years demonstrated white matter changes, with one noted to have a basilar artery aneurysm. Conclusions Mild abnormalities on brain imaging in untreated or newly treated patients with IPD tend to resolve with time, in conjunction with ERT. However, white matter changes are emerging as seen in Patients 1 and 3 which included abnormal periventricular white matter changes with subtle signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and minimal, symmetric signal abnormalities involving the deep frontoparietal cerebral white matter, respectively. The role of neuroimaging as part of the clinical evaluation of IPD needs to be considered to assess for white matter changes and cerebral aneurysms.
Low temperature hydrogen induced amorphous to crystalline silicon phase transformations

The low temperature hydrogen induced phase transformations are the basis for the layer-by-layer micro-crystalline silicon growth technique which involves the sequential deposition of thin amorphous silicon layers followed by hydrogen treatment. Very high frequency-PECVD layer-by-layer microcrystalline film growth was studied as a function of frequency. The highest crystalline content films were prepared on glass substrates at 49.7 MHz with deposition cycle times of 12 seconds and hydrogen treatment times of 120 seconds or longer. At lower frequencies, 13.56 and 27 MHz, no micro-crystalline content was observed. At higher frequencies (94.7 MHz) crystalline content was reduced compared to that of the 49.7 MHz case. Crystalline content is not correlated with the hydrogen etch rate as the highest etch rates occurred at 94.7 MHz while etch rates at 49.7 and 27 MHz were lower. It is possible to prepare thin micro-crystalline films using the VHF layer-by-layer growth technique.
Effects of Testosterone on Erythropoiesis in a Female Mouse Model of Anemia of Inflammation

The anemia of inflammation is a common problem in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We characterized a mouse model of anemia of chronic inflammation induced by repeated injections of low doses of heat-killed Brucella abortus (HKBA), and determined the effects of T administration on erythropoiesis in this model. Female C57BL/6NCrl mice were injected weekly with HKBA for 10 wk. Weekly injections of T or vehicle oil were started 4 wk later. Control mice were injected with saline and vehicle oil in parallel. HKBA-injected mice had significantly lower hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, reticulocyte hemoglobin, transferrin saturation (TSAT), and tissue nonheme iron in liver and spleen, enlarged spleen, and up-regulated hepatic expression of inflammatory markers, serum amyloid A1, and TNFα, but down-regulated IL-6, bone morphogenic protein 6, and hepcidin compared with saline controls. HKBA also reduced serum hepcidin and increased serum erythropoietin. Bone marrow erythroid precursors were substantially reduced in HKBA-injected mice. Cotreatment with T increased the percentage of late-stage erythroid precursors in the bone marrow relative to HKBA-injected and saline controls and reversed HKBA-induced suppression of hemoglobin and hematocrit. T also normalized serum erythropoietin, TSAT, and reticulocyte hemoglobin without correcting the expression of the hepatic inflammation markers. Conclusions are that low-dose HKBA induces moderate anemia characterized by chronic inflammation, decreased iron stores, and suppression of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. T administration reverses HKBA-induced anemia by stimulating erythropoiesis, which is associated with a shift toward accelerated maturation of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow.
An Optimized Design Method of Cascade Number for Sub-modules in Modular Multilevel Converters

In some applications,the DC-side voltage may do not match with AC-side voltage of modular multilevel converter(MMC).To solve this problem,an optimized design method is proposed to determine the number of cascade sub-modules in an arm of MMC.With the proposed design method,MMC can be integrated into the AC grid of lower voltage even when the DC-side voltage does not match the AC-side voltage,so that the number of sub-modules in MMC can be reduced and without using transformer.Therefore,the size and the cost of MMC can be significantly reduced.An simulation module is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the proposed method.
Qualitative inquiry and the politics of research

Preface Chapter 1: Introduction, Norman K. Denzin & Michael D. Giardina Chapter 2: Challenges of interdisciplinary research across ideological and methodological contexts, Mirka Koro-Ljungberg Chapter 3: Critical qualitative research in global neoliberalism, Gaile Cannella & Yvonna S. Lincoln Chapter 4: Language and representation in post qualitative research, Elizabeth Adams St. Pierre Chapter 5: Qualitative methodology: The work and thought of the politics of research, Patti Lather Chapter 6: Qualitative data analysis 2.0: Developments, trends, challenges, Uwe Flick Chapter 7: Teaching reflexivity in qualitative research: Fostering a research lifestyle, Judith Preissle & Kathleen P. deMarrais Chapter 8: Teaching the future autoethnographer: Bringing patients and physicians together, Nicole Defenbaugh Chapter 9: Critical autoethnography as intersectional praxis: A performative pedagogical interplay on bleeding, Bryant Keith Alexander Chapter 10: Writing myself into Winesberg, Ohio, Laura Atkins Chapter 11: The three Rs - remembering, revisiting, reworking: How we think, but not in schools, Patrick Lewis Chapter 12: Imagining critical qualitative futures researching networks, systems, and other power assemblages in the 21st century, Harry Torrance Index About the Authors
Origin of stem cells in the BM niche: new clues from mastocytosis

In this issue of Blood , [Garcia-Montero et al][1][1][2] reported that in nearly 30% of patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis (SM), the characteristic c-kit mutation D816V,[2][3] is not restricted to mast cells, but may also be found in bone marrow (BM)–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs
Evaluating the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia in a large-scale genome-wide association study

Abstract Background The dopamine hypothesis, which posits that dysregulation of the dopaminergic system is etiologic for schizophrenia, is among the most enduring biological theories in psychiatry. Although variation within genes related to dopaminergic functioning has been associated with schizophrenia, an aggregate test of variation, using the largest publicly available schizophrenia dataset, has not previously been conducted. Methods We first identified a core set of 11 genes involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and neurotransmission of dopamine. We then extracted summary statistics of markers falling within, or flanking, these genes from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium's most recent schizophrenia mega-analysis results. We conducted aggregate tests for enrichment of dopamine-related pathways for association with schizophrenia. Results We did not detect significant enrichment of signals across the core set of dopamine-related genes. However, we did observe modest to strong enrichment of genetic signals within the DRD2 locus. Conclusions Within the limits of available power, common sequence variation within core genes of the dopaminergic system is not related to risk of schizophrenia. This does not preclude a role of dopamine, or dopamine-related genes, in the clinical presentation of schizophrenia or in treatment response. However, it does suggest that the genetic risk for schizophrenia is not substantially affected by common variation in those genes which, collectively, critically impact dopaminergic functioning.
How Investors Became Consumers

Advertising for investment products has changed over the past 50 years. Ads initially targeted investors as defined in standard finance: that is, as fact-seeking utility maximizers. Ad portrayals g...
Reducing CO2 to CO and H2O on Ni(110): The Influence of Subsurface Hydrogen

Subsurface hydrogen atoms are relatively high-energy species located below metal surfaces that are readily produced when H, H+, or high-pressure H2 interacts with the surface under the right conditions. These species can get involved in catalytic processes associated with hydrogenation reactions, either as spectator species, in which they modify the energetics of reactions occurring on the surface, or directly as a reactant for hydrogenation reactions. In this study, we investigate two mechanisms, associative or redox, in CO2 conversion to CO through the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction on Ni(110) in the presence of a high density of subsurface hydrogen using spin-polarized periodic density functional theory. The results indicate that subsurface H atoms play an important role for this reaction, both as spectators which lower the energies of barriers and intermediates and as reactants for hydrogenation reactions. The most favorable RWGS pathway involves CO2 dissociation to CO + O followed by hydroge...
Opposition to Irish Travellers’ halting sites in the Republic of Ireland: Realistic group conflict or symbolic politics?:

Widely reviled by even well-educated citizens of the Republic of Ireland, Travellers rank at the very bottom of today’s multiracial Irish society according to most any attitudinal measure. This res...
Omic-style statistical clustering reveals old and new patterns in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

The burgeoning of omic technology has spawned a new subfield of statistics aimed at interpreting the complex information contained in omic data. Some of these statistical methods can be applied to any data set with taxonomic counts, and they have the potential to provide additional insights over traditional approaches. We test this potential by reanalyzing a well-studied zooplankton data set — the Gulf of Maine continuous plankton recorder series — using a modified Dirichlet-multinomial mixture (DMM) model. The data set has ∼50 years of approximately monthly samples along a transect from Boston, USA, to Yarmouth, Canada. The results from the DMM analysis were largely consistent with previous analyses but also provided new insights. Notably, the Calanus-dominated communities that returned following a reduction in the 1990s showed a loss of background diversity, suggesting a shift in sources and possibly higher vulnerability of these communities. The DMM analysis also revealed a breakdown of seasonal ecolog...
Toward a Global Sociology of Religion.

This article offers an example of a global approach to teaching the sociology of religion, a course that typically focuses on American religious phenomena. It builds on three interventions in the m...
THE PATHOGENICITY OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA IN INFANTS. A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF A POPULATION IN THE FIELD

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the pathogenicity of Giardia lamblia in infants. The relationship between Giardia lamblia infection and diarrhea experience has been investigated in a longitudinal manner in a group of children during their first year of life. The possible study population was ascertained by a preliminary pregnancy survey, and the acceptance or rejection of a child from the study was made during the first seven days after birth. Each child was visited weekly, and a sample of feces was collected every four weeks, and also during each week when diarrhea was present. The specimens were examined for certain virological, bacteriological, and parasitological agents with the objective of demonstrating relationships between the excretion of agents to host and environmental factors as well as to past, present, and subsequent diarrheal disease. There appears little doubt that in the first 20 weeks of life infants who later develop Giardia infections have similar defecation patterns to other children. In this sense, they are unselected. It is also clear that by the end of the first year of life, their defecation patterns change, and they differ from the normal to a significant extent.
On optimal designs for non-regular models

Classically, Fisher information is the relevant object in defining optimal experimental designs. However, for models that lack certain regularity conditions, the Fisher information does not exist and, hence, there is no notion of design optimality available in the literature. This article seeks to fill the gap by proposing a so-called Hellinger information, which generalizes Fisher information in the sense that the two measures agree in regular problems, but the former also exists for certain types of non-regular problems. We derive a Hellinger information inequality, showing that Hellinger information defines a lower bound on the local minimax risk of estimators. This provides a connection between features of the underlying model---in particular, the design---and the performance of estimators, motivating the use of this new Hellinger information for non-regular optimal design problems. Hellinger optimal designs are derived for several non-regular regression problems, with numerical results empirically demonstrating the improved efficiency of these designs compared to alternatives.
Variations in neuromodulatory chemical signatures define compartments in macaque cortex

Subcortical neuromodulatory systems exhibit widespread projections that influence the output of cortical circuits. These modulatory systems have been portrayed as providing global signals to the entirety of cortex based on their widespread innervation. This innervation is not necessarily predictive of the levels of the neuromodulatory molecules that actually provide these signals to cortex. In the present study, we examine tissue concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin to see how they locally vary across multiple areas of the macaque cortex. Our results indicate that different cortical areas exhibit varying levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin. Using cluster analysis, we examine how similar cortical regions are to each other, finding that similarities in neurochemical content are shared by areas that exhibit similar functionality. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that neurochemical signatures vary across cortical regions and help define unique, local neuromodulatory signaling compartments.