cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the development of termite-fishing skills in the wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, of Gombe National Park, Tanzania

By the age of 5.5 years, all of the young chimpanzees of Gombe National Park have acquired a skill known as ‘termite fishing’. Termite fishing involves inserting a flexible tool made from vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. Although tool use is a well-known phenomenon in chimpanzees, little is known about how such skills develop in the wild. Prior studies have found adult sex differences in frequency, duration and efficiency of tool-using tasks, with females scoring higher on all measures. To investigate whether these sex differences occurred in youngsters, I performed a 4-year longitudinal field study during which I observed and videotaped young chimpanzees' development of the termite-fishing behaviour. Critical elements of the skill included identifying a hole, making a tool, inserting a tool into a hole and extracting termites. These elements appeared in the same order during the development of all subjects, but females typically peaked at least a year earlier than males in their performance of the skills that precede termite fishing. In addition, young females successfully termite-fished an average of 27 months earlier than young males and were more proficient at the skill after acquisition had occurred. Furthermore, the techniques of female offspring closely resembled those of their mothers whereas the techniques of male offspring did not, suggesting that the process by which termite fishing is learned differs for male and female chimpanzees.
Dietary fat and triiodothyronine (T3) interactions in the broiler chicken.

Male, Indian River, broiler chickens growing from 7 to 28 d were fed on diets containing 180 g crude protein, 300, 600 or 1200 kcal fat calories and 0 or 1 mg T3/kg diet. Birds were bled and sacrif...
Impact of housing and work supports on outcomes for chronically homeless adults with mental illness: LA's HOPE.

Objective: This study examined the impact of a federally funded housing and employment demonstration program (Los Angeles’ Homeless Opportunity Providing Employment [LA’s HOPE]) for homeless adults with mental illness. Methods: The sample included all participants enrolled between July 1, 2004, and May 17, 2005, in one of 18 Los Angeles County community mental health centers offering a state-funded program (AB2034) to reduce homelessness among people with serious mental illness. Fifty-six demonstration clients enrolled in three centers received housing and special employment supports. Their outcomes were compared with those of 415 clients enrolled in the county’s other 15 AB2034 programs during the same period. Data included demographic characteristics, circumstances at enrollment and in the previous 12 months, and outcomes for at least 13 months after enrollment. Outcomes analyses used propensity score matching. Results: Demonstration clients got and kept housing and worked in paid employment and employment-related activities at rates significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Other than client group, no personal characteristics made any systematic difference to employment outcomes. Several personal characteristics— race and ethnicity, preenrollment length of homelessness, and whether the client had a co-occurring substance use disorder—affected housing outcomes independently of client group. Conclusions: The demonstration provided the structure and resources to help clients achieve better housing and employment outcomes than the comparison group had. The outcomes for LA’s HOPE clients suggest that this very challenged population can achieve improved work outcomes if programs devote adequate and appropriate resources to help them. (Psychiatric Services 63:209–215,
Electoral Markets, Party Strategies, and Proportional Representation

closeness of its dialogue with historical knowledge” (Kreuzer 2010, 383), Kreuzer also insists on the role that historical research plays in generating and testing theoretical propositions. However, in what I judge to be a more ambitious move, he maintains that historical work, when properly conducted, may be a particularly suitable method to test the causal structures of a large swath of the theoretical work currently done in political science. The crux of this position can be stated succinctly. Although still crucial for testing many causal propositions, standard statistical methods may be inadequate to capture the underlying strategic structure that characterizes most, if not all, political (and, for that matter, social) events. That is, they may be insufficient to fully identify the players of the game; inspect their beliefs, payoffs, and alternative strategies; properly examine the sequence of decisions; and verify the equilibrium conditions of the final outcome. 2
Ultrasound assessment of the endometrium for irregular vaginal bleeding

Irregular vaginal bleeding is a common symptom of women seeking gynecologic care. Etiologies of irregular vaginal bleeding can be classified into the following categories: pregnancy related (retained products of conception, threatened or missed abortion, or ectopic pregnancy), hormonal (disorders of ovulation, menopause, or hormonal contraceptive use), structural (polyps, myomas, or arteriovenous malformation), neoplasm (endometrial cancer), and infection (endometritis). After the history and physical examination, the initial evaluation of irregular vaginal bleeding has traditionally involved an endometrial biopsy. Transvaginal ultrasound has revolutionized the evaluation of the gynecologic ultrasound examination by providing a minimally invasive means to determine the etiology for the bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound assessment of the endometrial cavity allows treatment to be tailored to the specific cause of irregular vaginal bleeding, thus saving women time, money, and exposure to unnecessary interventions. The purpose of this article is to give the clinician critical information regarding the capabilities of ultrasound to evaluate women with irregular vaginal bleeding.
Progress in Clinical Psychology: Is There Any?

This article addresses the criticisms that clinical psychology research is characterized by (a) generally disappointing results, (b) unreplicability, and (c) poor cumulation. Results are found to be quite encouraging when we (a) distinguish effect size estimation from significance testing, (b) clarify the interpretation of nonsignificant results, and (c) evaluate the practical importance of obtained effect sizes. Furthermore, our research is found to be considerably more replicable when we clarify the definition of successful replication and employ various metrics of the success of replication. Finally, problems of poor cumulation are addressed by a discussion of the evaluations (negative and positive) of meta-analysis and how clinical researchers, in particular, can employ meta-analytic procedures.
Job Satisfaction among Correctional Executives: A Contemporary Portrait of Wardens of State Prisons for Adults

This study examines the nature and distribution of job satisfaction in a national sample of 641 wardens of state prisons for adults. The results indicate that these corrections executives are a highly satisfied occupational group, but there is evidence that job satisfaction among wardens has declined since the late 1980s. Measures of social support in the workplace, including effective communication with staff and support and confidence in subordinates, are important determinants of wardens' job satisfaction. The implications of these findings in the context of corrections' increasing politicization and punitiveness are discussed.
Polyubiquitin Serves as a Recognition Signal, Rather than a Ratcheting Molecule, during Retrotranslocation of Proteins across the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

Polyubiquitination is required for retrotranslocation of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum back into the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. We have tested whether the release of a polypeptide chain into the cytosol is caused by a ratcheting mechanism in which the attachment of polyubiquitin prevents the chain from moving back into the endoplasmic reticulum. Using a permeabilized cell system in which major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains are retrotranslocated under the influence of the human cytomegalovirus protein US11, we demonstrate that polyubiquitination alone is insufficient to provide the driving force for retrotranslocation. Substrate release into the cytosol requires an additional ATP-dependent step. Release requires a lysine 48 linkage of ubiquitin chains. It does not occur when polyubiquitination of the substrate is carried out with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ubiquitin, and this correlates with poly-GST-ubiquitin not being recognized by a ubiquitin-binding domain in the Ufd1-Npl4 cofactor of the ATPase p97. These data suggest that polyubiquitin does not serve as a ratcheting molecule. Rather, it may serve as a recognition signal for the p97-Ufd1-Npl4 complex, a component implicated in the movement of substrate into the cytosol.
On the Dynamics of Fragment Isomerization in Collision-Induced Dissociation of Peptides

The structures of peptide collision-induced dissociation (CID) product ions are investigated using ion mobility/mass spectrometry techniques combined with theoretical methods. The cross-section results are consistent with a mixture of linear and cyclic structures for both b4 and a4 fragment ions. Direct evidence for cyclic structures is essential in rationalizing the appearance of fragments with scrambled (i.e., permutated) primary structures, as the cycle may not open up where it was initially formed. It is demonstrated here that cyclic and linear a4 structures can interconvert freely as a result of collisional activation, implying that isomerization takes place prior to dissociation.
Interleukin-4 up-regulation of epidermal interleukin-19 expression in keratinocytes involves the binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) to the imperfect Stat6 sites

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) plays an important role in asthma by stimulating T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production. Interestingly, IL-4, a key Th2 cytokine, in turn up-regulates IL-19 expression in bronchial epithelial cells, so forming a positive feedback loop. In atopic dermatitis (AD), another Th2 disease closely related to asthma, IL-19 is up-regulated in the skin. We propose to use IL-4 transgenic (Tg) mice and human keratinocyte culture to delineate the molecular mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of IL-19 in AD. IL-19 is similarly up-regulated in the skin of IL-4 Tg mice as in human AD. Next we show that IL-4 up-regulates IL-19 expression in keratinocytes. Interestingly, the up-regulation was suppressed by a pan-Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitor, suggesting that the Jak-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak-STAT) pathway may be involved. Dominant negative studies further indicate that STAT6, but not other STATs, mediates the up-regulation. Serial 5' deletion of the IL-19 promoter and mutagenesis studies demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulation of IL-19 in keratinocytes involves two imperfect STAT6 response elements. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay studies indicate that IL-4 increases the binding of STAT6 to its response elements in the IL-19 promoter. Taken together, we delineate the detailed molecular pathway for IL-4 up-regulation of IL-19 in keratinocytes, which may play an important role in AD pathogenesis.
Driver memory, traffic viscosity and a viscous vehicular traffic flow model

This paper studies the linkage between microscopic car-following and macroscopic fluid-like behavior of traffic flow. We find that driver memory in car-following leads to viscous effects in continuum traffic flow dynamics. This linkage is further exploited to develop a second-order continuum model with viscosity. Further, we show that this viscous model contains practically every well-known continuum model as a special case (e.g., the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards model and the Payne–Whitham model), has a stable wave structure of first- and second-order waves, and controls the extent of non-anisotropic and diffusive influences through a dimensionless parameter called anisotropic factor.
Modification-dependent restriction endonuclease, MspJI, flips 5-methylcytosine out of the DNA helix

MspJI belongs to a family of restriction enzymes that cleave DNA containing 5-methylcytosine (5mC) or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). MspJI is specific for the sequence 5(h)mC-N-N-G or A and cleaves with some variability 9/13 nucleotides downstream. Earlier, we reported the crystal structure of MspJI without DNA and proposed how it might recognize this sequence and catalyze cleavage. Here we report its co-crystal structure with a 27-base pair oligonucleotide containing 5mC. This structure confirms that MspJI acts as a homotetramer and that the modified cytosine is flipped from the DNA helix into an SRA-like-binding pocket. We expected the structure to reveal two DNA molecules bound specifically to the tetramer and engaged with the enzyme's two DNA-cleavage sites. A coincidence of crystal packing precluded this organization, however. We found that each DNA molecule interacted with two adjacent tetramers, binding one specifically and the other non-specifically. The latter interaction, which prevented cleavage-site engagement, also involved base flipping and might represent the sequence-interrogation phase that precedes specific recognition. MspJI is unusual in that DNA molecules are recognized and cleaved by different subunits. Such interchange of function might explain how other complex multimeric restriction enzymes act.
Influencing Government: What do Small Firms Do?

This study examined the political strategies of successful small firms. The research revealed that first, these small firms follow prerequisite steps to enhance the receptivity of their messages by policymakers. The firms then utilize, with varying degrees of frequency, the following eight political strategies: feller writing, hiring consultants, making personal contact with government officials (testimony at public hearings, and meetings/phone calls with policy makers), participation in an association or chamber, forming a coalition, conducting publicity events (press conferences or media interviews), and being personally involved in the elective/electoral process (either running for office or playing a significant role in another person's campaign). The advantages/disadvantages of each strategy are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.
A Complex Systems Perspective on How Agents can Support Collaborative Design

Complex artifacts are typically created via the interaction of many, sometimes thousands of participants, working on different elements of the design. This collaborative design process is expensive and time-consuming because of the strong interdependencies between design decisions. Complex systems research has much to offer to the understanding of the dynamics of this process. This chapter offers insights derived from this novel perspective.
A unique biofilm in human deep mycoses: fungal amyloid is bound by host serum amyloid P component

We have demonstrated the presence of Candida cell surface amyloids that are important in aggregation of fungi and adherence to tissue. Fungal amyloid was present in invasive human candidal infections and host serum amyloid P component (SAP) bound to the fungal amyloid. SAP is a protease-resistant glycoprotein that binds avidly to amyloid and interferes with host defence, especially against bacterial pathogens for which neutrophils are important. In this study, we investigated whether biofilm of fungal amyloid and SAP was a feature of other disseminated fungal infections. Tissue specimens from 15 autopsies were systematically evaluated with multiple histochemical stains including thioflavin T and Congo red (dyes that stain amyloid), as well as antibody to SAP. We studied specimens with disseminated aspergillosis, mucormycosis and coccidioidomycosis. The structure of the lesions, host inflammatory cells and the presence of fungal amyloid and SAP were determined. The structure of the lesions was characteristic in aspergillosis (‘starburst’) and mucormycosis (closely apposed bundles of hyphae). Host inflammatory cells were absent or few in number within these lesions. In Coccidioides lesions, host inflammation was sparse as well. Fungal amyloid was a prominent feature of all lesions along with abundant SAP bound to hyphae and spherules. Fungal amyloid and SAP perhaps contributed to persistence in caseous necrosis lesions. SAP also bound to Aspergillus and Mucorales amyloid in vitro. A biofilm including amyloid and SAP is present in invasive fungal infections. This biofilm may dampen host defence leading to the characteristic sparse inflammatory reaction found in these infections. Researchers in the USA offer an explanation for the sparse inflammatory responses seen in some fungal infections. Stephen Klotz at the University of Arizona and co-workers examined autopsy specimens from 15 patients with histological evidence of aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. They found few host inflammatory cells-if any-in the structure of lesions, but observed an abundance of protein aggregates called amyloids coated with serum amyloid P component, or SAP, a protease-resistant glycoprotein that binds to amyloids and interferes with defense against pathogens. These results suggest that some fungi may use biofilms containing amyloids and SAP to weaken host defenses, ultimately leading to a dampened inflammatory response. This finding opens new doors for understanding the pathogenesis of invasive fungal infections and for developing effective treatments.
Abstract 5523: Gold nanoshells in the treatment of high-grade gliomas in a mouse model

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Purpose: To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of near-infrared (NIR) absorbing gold-silica nanoshells against high grade gliomas in an in vivo subcutaneous mouse model. Background: Nanoshells with a silica core and a gold outer layer, which are optically tunable with peak absorption between 790 and 810 nm, have been shown to preferentially accumulate in colon cancer models after i.v. administration as a result of the enhanced vascular permeability and retention effect. When the tumor is illuminated with NIR light, the gold nanoshells are thermally activated. This results in tumor ablation without damage to normal tissues, since NIR light is not appreciably absorbed by tissue components at these wavelengths. High-grade gliomas are an attractive target for this type of therapy because the vast majority of tumors remain incurable with multi-modality therapeutic approaches, with local control being the primary manifestation of disease progression or recurrence. Methods: Gold silica nanoshells were synthesized according to previously published procedures. Survival studies were performed in NOD SCID mice with subcutaneous U373 glioma tumors in the right hind flank. When the tumor diameter was 3-5 mm, either 100 µl of PEG-coated nanoshells (treatment group, n =7) or 100 µl of saline (control group, n=8) were injected via tail vein. Twenty-four hours later tumors were exposed to an 808 nm diode laser at 4 W/cm2 for 3 minutes. Mice were monitored daily following treatment and euthanized when tumors reached 10 mm in largest diameter. Results: In the subcutaneous xenografts the overall survival at 90 days was 57% in the treatment group and 0% in the control group. None of the control group mice survived past 24 days. In addition, all of the mice in the treatment group that were still alive at 90 days were completely tumor-free without any sign of recurrence. Conclusions: These studies demonstrate that gold nanoshells can accumulate in subcutaneous glial tumors at levels sufficient to improve survival following thermal activation with NIR light. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5523.
Epidemic Features and Etiology of HFMD in Yinchuan in Year 2008/2009

Objective To explore the epidemic features and etiology of HFMD in Yinchuan in year 2008/2009.Methods The epidemiology monitor research technique were used to monitor the epidemic features of HFMD in Yinchuan.The laboratory examination were used to monitor etiology of HFMD.Results From July 1st,2008-June 30,1774 cases with Hand-foot-mouth disease were reported and the report incidence rate was 113.88/100,000;Cases distributed all the 6 county areas;The report incidence rate in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas;cases Mainly concentrated in children below 7 years old;In June the case reports reached the high point;20 outbreaks of HFMD were observed and they occurred in the kindergartens;EV71 virus were isolated in 22 examples(40.74%),CoxA16 virus in 18 examples(33.33%),other enteric virus in 14 examples(25.93%).Conclusion Monitoring and report of the foot and mouth disease should be emphasized and strengthened for improving the level of prevention and treatment.
A laboratory test on the efficacy of a new type mothproofer

Objective To test the efficacy of empenthrin mothproofer on Attagenus unicolor japonicus Reitter.Methods Mothproofer was detected according to "Laboratory efficacy methods and assessment standard of mothproofer" in No.45 document about bioassay of pesticide detection.Results The rate for the tile protection of the two detected empenthrin mothproofer were both over 95% in 7 and 14 days experiment,and mortality of Attagenus unicolor japonicus Reitter was up to 100% in 14 days.The tested mothproofer was qualified,and had obvious effect on moth.Conclusion Volatile pyrethroid mothproofer have good protection effect from the harm of moth and will be a fine house-used product for the protection of tile.
Synthesis of 3-methylamine piperidine

In the process of synthesis of(±)1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-8-methoxy-7-[3-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid(Balofloxacin),the cost of synthesis for Balofloxacin mainly depends on the recovery ratio of the key intermediate 3-methylamine piperidine.The key intermediate 3-methylamine piperidine can be prepared from 3-bromopyridine by the substitution reaction with methylamine,then catalytic hydrogenation etc.The overall yield of the reaction was about 48%.
Histiocytic Lymphoma Fifteen Years Following Remission of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A 19-yr-old female presented with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma after a 15-yr remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. All treatment had been discontinued 7 yr before the onset of the lymphoma. The possible relationships of these two neoplasms are discussed.
Immunogenetics: Modern immunogenetics: simple questions with complex answers

The ﬁeld of genetics has undergone a profound expansion during the pasttwo decades. In 1989, less than 1000 genes had been cloned, identiﬁed andassembled into the humangene map, whereas, today, multiple copies of thehuman genome, as well as those from a menagerie of animal, plant andbacterial species, have been sequenced and are available for analysis overthe internet. Genomic research is now dominated by consortiums of inves-tigatorswhoareusingincreasinglysophisticatedmoleculartechnologiesandanalytical strategies to unravel the intricacies of genetic regulation andexpression.Theconsequenceofallthisactivityhasbeentheproductionofadata glut, in which multiple databases contain vast arrays of genomicsequence information. Modern research efforts often hinge on efﬁcientmethodsofdataminingandassemblinginformationthatisalready availableon the internet.The impact of these developments on progress in the ﬁeld of immunoge-neticshasbeenprofound.Awealthofinformationisnowavailableaboutthegenomic structure and evolution of genes and gene clusters that stronglyimpact immune responsiveness and immune regulation. This extensive andexpanding database has made possible an evaluation of the evolutionaryorigins and functional diversiﬁcation of genes that regulate the immunesystem. An overarching conclusion from such studies has been the realiza-tionthatmanygeneswithintheimmunesystemareextremelypolymorphic,and that the observed genetic diversiﬁcation of the immune system isgreater than that found in other biological systems. Many investigatorswho have worked on immunoglobulin genes, the major histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) or the natural killer cell gene complex might not ﬁnd thisdiscovery especially surprising, because these and several other gene clus-ters of relevance to immune regulation were known to be remarkablydiversiﬁed several decades ago! However, recent ﬁndings indicate thatextensive diversiﬁcation is a common feature of genes that impact immunefunctionsorthatregulateimmuneactivation[1].Thus,itislikelythatmuchof the variation observed in the immune responsiveness of individuals inpopulations might result from the extensive functional polymorphismsfound in genes throughout the immune system.Pathogen-driven selection has been generally considered to be the pre-dominant mechanism that drives the genetic diversiﬁcation of the immunesystem. This theory proposes that the broad spectrum of microbial patho-gens that infect most vertebrate species, coupled with the rapid pace ofmicrobial evolution, is the stimulus that drives the rapid evolution of neweffector functions within the immune system, as well as acting to promote
Technique, indications, and clinical use of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring

The technique of 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring (24 hour pH test) is described. Experience with the 24 hour pH test in 393 patients with suspected esophageal disease has shown the clinical usefulness of the test in objectively determining the presence of gastroesophageal reflux. The test was effective in evaluating atypical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux such as respiratory symptoms and chest pain and, in children, failure to thrive and recurrent pneumonia. The 24 hour pH test was particularly useful in evaluating patients who were referred with other abdominal or thoracic disease and had, in addition, symptoms suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux on history. The test helped to unsnarl the cause of recurrent symptoms after an esophageal myotomy for achalasia or an antireflux procedure. Of 179 patients with typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, 27% had normal 24 hour test results and were subsequently diagnosed as having another cause for their symptoms. Of 146 patients who had normal findings on esophagoscopy, 54% were shown to have abnormal gastroesophageal reflux on 24 hour pH monitoring, indicating lack of sensitivity of endoscopy to detect reflux. In addition, the 24 hour pH test identified patterns of abnormal reflux and indicated those patients most at risk for development of stricture. The test is well tolerated by the patients, simple to use, and dependable when performed and read as described. The clinical use of the 24 hour pH test brings objectivity to the evaluation of esophageal disease that has hitherto not been available.
Investigating heuristic methods for transmission system expansion planning

This paper evaluated the heuristic methods, successive expansion method and successive backward method for transmission system expansion planning. The proposed models minimized a total cost including an investment budget for construction of transmission lines. Case studies were performed on a small test system to compare the proposed methods.
Reactivation of Telomerase in Late Generation Tert−/− Mice Results in Reversal of Anemia

Abstract Abstract 1258 We previously reported that telomere shortening in a late generation telomerase K/O mouse model results in significantly reduced RBC and erythroblast (CD71+Ter119+) numbers in the peripheral blood and bone marrow, respectively. We also observed significant decreases in erythroid progenitor (Lin-cKit+Sca1-CD34-CD16/CD32-) and HSC (Lin-cKit+Sca1+ CD34-CD150+) numbers in G5 Tert−/− mice. We now report the mechanism underlying the specific defect in the erythroid lineage in these mice. First, there is a higher number of CD34-KLS CD150lo and CD150neg cells in the mutant mice relative to age matched G0 +/− mice. Methyl cellulose colony formation assay showed that CD34-KLS CD150hi cells give rise to a greater number of CFU-GEMM colonies while CD34-KLS CD150lo and CD34-KLS CD150neg cells both had a reduction in the numbers of GEMM colonies, suggesting that the loss of erythroid differentiation is associated with loss of CD150hi expression within the CD34-KLS population. Thus, a significant reduction in CD150hi HSC (p value Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Resolving Temporal Variations in Data-Driven Flow Models Constructed by Motion Tomography

Abstract: Modeling and predicting ocean flow are great challenges in physical oceanography. To answer such challenges, mobile sensing platforms have been an effective tool for providing Lagrangian flow information. Such information is typically incorporated into ocean models using Lagrangian data assimilation which requires significant amount of computing power and time. Motion tomography (MT) constructs generic environmental models (GEMs) that combine computational ocean models with real-time data collected from mobile platforms to provide high-resolution predictions near the mobile platforms. MT employs Lagrangian data from mobile platforms to create a spatial map of flow in the region traversed by the mobile platforms. This paper extends the MT method to resolve the coupling between temporal variations and spatial variations in flow modeling. Along with Lagrangian data from a mobile sensor, Eulerian data are collected from a stationary sensor deployed in the region where the mobile sensor collects data. Assimilation of these two data sets into GEMs introduces a nonlinear filtering problem. This paper presents the formulation of such nonlinear filtering problem and derives a filtering method for estimating flow model parameters. We analyze observability for the derived filters and demonstrate that the resulting method improves navigation accuracy for mobile platforms.
Durable Remission with Salvage Autotransplants in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract 1227 Poster Board I-249 Background In comparison with single autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto HCT), tandem autologous HCT has resulted in longer event-free and overall survival in randomized trials for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). Most myeloma patients, however, only receive a single auto HCT. Many of these patients are eligible for a second auto HCT as salvage at the time of relapse. We evaluated the outcome of salvage auto HCT for MM patients treated at our institution. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review and identified 62 MM patients (38 males, 24 females) who received a second auto HCT as salvage between 1/3/1992 and 11/4/2008.. Preparative regimen was high-dose melphalan alone or in combination with other chemotherapy agents, including busulfan, topotecan and bortezomib. Three patients received a combination of thiotepa, busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Results Median interval between the first and salvage auto HCT was 21 months (range 2-81). Median age at salvage HCT was 55 years (37-73) and median prior treatment regimens were 4 (range 2-16). Twelve patients had chromosomal abnormalities on conventional cytogenetic studies. Patients received a median CD34 cell dose of 4 ×10 6 / kg (range 2.3-11.2). Fourteen patients (22%) experienced grade 3 or higher toxicity after the salvage auto HCT. Two patients died within 100 days with a TRM of 3%. Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 10 days (8-38). Responses after salvage auto HCT were as follows: CR+ near CR 15%, PR 48%, with an overall response rate of 63%. Twenty-seven (44%) patients received post auto HCT maintenance therapy. Median follow-up from salvage HCT was 25 months. Kaplan-Meier estimates of median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were 15.5 and 43.3 months, respectively. Median time to progression after the first and salvage auto HCT was 20 and 12 months, respectively, with total remission duration of 32 months from two HCTs. Median OS from the time of diagnosis was 72 months, comparable to reported results with tandem auto HCT. At last follow up, 20 patients were alive and in remission. Conclusions In selected MM patients a second auto HCT for salvage therapy is well tolerated with acceptable toxicity. The combined remission duration and overall survival are comparable to outcomes with tandem autotransplants. Disclosures Qazilbash: Cephalon: Speakers Bureau.
Practical Peer Prediction for Peer Assessment

We provide an empirical analysis of peer prediction mechanisms, which reward participants for information in settings when there is no ground truth against which to score reports. We simulate the mechanisms on a dataset of three million peer assessments from the edX MOOC platform. We evaluate different mechanisms on score variability, which is connected to fairness, risk aversion, and participant learning. We also assess the magnitude of the incentives to invest effort, and study the effect of participant coordination on low-information signals. We find that the correlated agreement mechanism has lower variation in reward than other mechanisms. A concern is that the gain from exerting effort is relatively low across all mechanisms, due to frequent disagreement between peers. Our conclusions are relevant for crowdsourcing in education as well as other domains.
The cross-level impact of landscape patterns on housing premiums in micro-neighborhoods

Abstract This paper attempts to examine the impacts of the spatial structure of landscape on housing premiums in Austin, TX through the years of 2009–2011. Dissimilar to previous studies, this paper highlighted three points. First, landscape patterns was observed—not only the composition but also the configuration in terms of shape, fragmentation, isolation, and connectivity. Second, the definition of neighborhood in this study was closely matched to the nature of a residential neighborhood, which was represented by a residential subdivision that has a name and a high level of homogeneous characteristics (i.e., development age, appraised value, lot size, and housing size). This approach specifically helps understand the impact of landscape configuration at the micro-level neighborhoods. Third, the hierarchical nature of neighborhoods and embedded parcels—nested parcels within the same neighborhood posit a certain level of identity as a whole—was given attention so that multi-level modeling could be employed. Conceptually and theoretically, multi-level modeling is a better approach to examine phenomenon that occur in multi-level units that show a clear hierarchy. The findings indicated that home buyers are willing to pay more to live in neighborhoods with the high ratio of tree cover. This is a finding consistent with previous studies. Meanwhile, the detailed spatial configuration of landscape does not play an important role at the residential neighborhood level. This result urges policy makers to be more scale-sensitive when planning landscape and indicates that micro neighborhoods are not the correct spatial level to discuss the spatial configuration of landscape, greenways, and green network.
A numerical method for shock driven multiphase flow with evaporating particles

Abstract A numerical method for predicting the interaction of active, phase changing particles in a shock driven flow is presented in this paper. The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) technique was used to couple particles in a Lagrangian coordinate system with a fluid in an Eulerian coordinate system. The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) hydrodynamics solver was used for solving the conservation equations and was modified with mass, momentum, and energy source terms from the particle phase. The method was implemented in the open source hydrodynamics software FLASH, developed at the University of Chicago. A simple validation of the methods is accomplished by comparing velocity and temperature histories from a single particle simulation with the analytical solution. Furthermore, simple single particle parcel simulations were run at two different sizes to study the effect of particle size on vorticity deposition in a shock-driven multiphase instability. Large particles were found to have lower enstrophy production at early times and higher enstrophy dissipation at late times due to the advection of the particle vorticity source term through the carrier gas. A 2D shock-driven instability of a circular perturbation is studied in simulations and compared to previous experimental data as further validation of the numerical methods. The effect of the particle size distribution and particle evaporation is examined further for this case. The results show that larger particles reduce the vorticity deposition, while particle evaporation increases it. It is also shown that for a distribution of particles sizes the vorticity deposition is decreased compared to single particle size case at the mean diameter.
Water-based Synthesis of Sub-10 nm Pt Octahedra and Their Performance towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

We report a facile, aqueous-phase synthesis of sub-10 nm Pt octahedral nanocrystals. The success of this synthesis relies on the use of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a mediator. By tracking the evolution of the Pt nanocrystals throughout the growth process, we found that single-crystal seeds with a pseudo-spherical shape are formed in the early stage of the synthesis, followed by growth through the preferential deposition of Pt atoms onto the {100} facets, directing the seeds to evolve into octahedra enclosed by {111} facets. We have manipulated the atom deposition rates by tuning various experimental parameters in an effort to support the mechanism for the formation of Pt octahedra. In addition, we have investigated the catalytic activity of these Pt nanocrystals towards oxygen reduction. For the 9-nm Pt octahedra enclosed by {111} facets, they show a specific activity of 1.5 mA cm-2, much greater than that of Pt nanocubes enclosed by {100} facets, which only has a specific activity of 0.28 mA cm-2.
The effect of a weight gain prevention intervention on moderate-vigorous physical activity among black women: the Shape Program

Rates of physical inactivity are high among Black women living in the United States with overweight or obesity, especially those living in the rural South. This study was conducted to determine if an efficacious weight gain prevention intervention increased moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The Shape Program, a weight gain prevention intervention implemented in community health centers in rural North Carolina, was designed for socioeconomically disadvantaged Black women with overweight or obesity. MVPA was measured using accelerometers, and summarized into 1- and 10-min bouts. We employed analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) to assess the relationship between changes in MVPA over 12 months, calculated as a change score, and intervention assignment (intervention versus usual care). Participants completing both baseline and 12-month accelerometer assessments (n = 121) had a mean age of 36.1 (SD = 5.43) years and a mean body mass index of 30.24 kg/m2 (SD = 2.60). At baseline, 38% met the physical activity recommendation (150 min of MVPA/week) when assessed using 10-min bouts, and 76% met the recommendation when assessed using 1-min bouts. There were no significant differences in change in MVPA participation among participants randomized to the intervention from baseline to 12-months using 1-min bouts (adjusted intervention mean [95% CI]: 20.50 [−109.09 to 150.10] vs. adjusted usual care mean [95% CI]: -80.04 [−209.21 to 49.13], P = .29), or 10-min bouts (adjusted intervention mean [95% CI]: 7.39 [−83.57 to 98.35] vs. adjusted usual care mean [95% CI]: -17.26 [−107.93 to 73.40], P = .70). Although prior research determined that the Shape intervention promoted weight gain prevention, MVPA did not increase significantly among intervention participants from baseline to 12 months. The classification of bouts had a marked effect on the prevalence estimates of those meeting physical activity recommendations. More research is needed to understand how to promote increased MVPA in weight gain prevention interventions. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov database (No. NCT00938535. Retrospectively Registered 7/10/2009).
Diversification: Government Contractors Can Learn From “Commercial” Companies

(1983). Diversification: Government Contractors Can Learn From “Commercial” Companies. Research Management: Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 26-31.
The role of trauma in deterrence strategy engagement

ABSTRACTPulling-levers deterrence strategies work to reduce firearm violence through engaging known violent offenders. As having a history of personal trauma contributes to increased firearm violence, a better understanding of the role of trauma can help to strategically develop engagement strategies. This study uses baseline data from Trenton Violence Reduction Strategy (TVRS) to explore differences among those who chose to engage in TVRS and those who did not after receiving the deterrence messaging. Results show no difference in overall LSC-R score between those who did and did not engage, although there are clear nonsignificant differences with specific types of trauma.
The Effects of Culture Change on Children’s Work

The communities anthropologists typically study have undergone rapid change and children are much affected. Enforced schooling undermines children’s contribution to the domestic economy. Children’s (and parent’s) “heads-are-turned” expecting that schooling will put the child on a fast track to secure wage employment. Consequently, children absent themselves from the village curriculum, failing to gain the knowledge and skill essential to making a living in the local ecology. Since the quality of education is usually poor, children cannot use it as a springboard and, so, are left in limbo. Additionally, as the subsistence economy is monetized, children may abandon native crafts or capitalize on tourist demand for new designs. They may be forced to labor to help families disrupted by globalization. At the other extreme to these communities are those where successful schooling followed by prosperity frees children from any and all obligations to contribute to family welfare.
Discriminative boosted Bayes networks for learning multiple cardiovascular procedures

We consider the problem of predicting three procedures, viz, EKG, Angioplasty and Valve Replacement procedures jointly from Electronic Health Records (EHR) and develop a discriminative boosted Bayesian network algorithm. Differences between our proposed approach and standard Bayes Net structure learners are (1) we do not assume that the number of features (observations) are uniform across training examples and (2) our method explicitly handles the precision-recall tradeoff. Our empirical evaluations on a real EHR data demonstrates the superiority of this proposed approach to learning these procedures individually.
Geographische Prägung, Tag- und Nachtorientierung trans-ozeanisch wandernder Pazifischer Goldregenpfeifer (Pluvialis dominica fulva)

Im Sommer 1960 zogen wir zehn Pazifische Goldregenpfeifer nahe der Boxer Bucht auf der St. Lorenz-Insel, Beringsee, von Hand auf. Die Vogel konnten dort den naturlichen Himmel sehen, und es war zu erwarten, das ihre organischen Zeitgeber auf Lokalzeit abgestimmt waren. Ehe die zehn Goldregenpfeifer in ihre erste Zugstimmung kamen, wurden sie Ende August 1960 in verhangenen Kafigen mit Flugzeugen von ihrer Geburtsinsel nach Madison/Wisconsin und im Februar 1961 nach San Francisco verfrachtet.
Biological Agents in Pediatric Dermatology

Biological agents are revolutionizing the treatment of immune-mediated disease across many disciplines, including rheumatology, gastroenterology, and dermatology. For children with psoriasis, these medications represent a welcome alternative to broad immunosuppressants such as methotrexate and cyclosporine when topical therapies are inadequate. TNF inhibitors etanercept and adalimumab and the IL-12/23 inhibitor ustekinumab are currently approved in Europe for children ages 6 years and above, 4 years and above, and 12 years and above, respectively. In the US the FDA has approved etanercept (≥4 years) and Ustekinumab (≥12 years). Despite challenges associated with cost, experience, and safety, these promising new drugs are highly efficacious and well tolerated in pediatric patients.
Cortical Blindness and Altered Mental Status following Routine Hemodialysis, a Case of Iatrogenic Cerebral Air Embolism

Cerebral air embolism is a known complication from a myriad of iatrogenic causes. This case describes a 60-year-old female presenting from hemodialysis with altered mental status, bilateral homonymous hemianopia, and repetitive speech. A noncontrast head CT revealed air in the vein of Galen and the deep cerebral veins of the left thalamus and occipital sulcus, a complication from air being introduced into the patient via improper flushing of dialysis tubing. The retrograde flow of air bubbles in the upright patient during dialysis was likely responsible for the air embolus lodging in the cerebral vasculature. This patient was transferred to receive hyperbaric therapy, whereupon the patient survived with residual attention and spatial deficits.
Knowledge and comfort change with an active learning activity on medication adherence calculations.

Abstract Background and purpose Medication adherence is perhaps the most prominent quality measure applied to pharmacies. Teaching students about nonadherence usually takes the form of lectures and simulated pill taking exercises. While these approaches have value, activities are needed in other aspects of medication adherence. Educational activity and setting This activity was used within a didactic course on endocrine therapeutics for second-year student pharmacists at a public pharmacy college. A 50-min didactic session was followed by an active learning session on medication adherence metrics, focused on the community pharmacy setting. The active learning session had students manually calculate the proportion of days covered and medication possession ratios for two refill histories and examine the output of one simulated adherence dashboard. Students completed an online survey via the course management website before and after the activity that assessed student knowledge of concepts that comprise the proportion of days covered (PDC) metric and three items on self-reported knowledge, comfort, and confidence. The pre and post survey were compared using chi-square and paired t-tests. Findings A total of 90 pre-surveys and 77 post-surveys were completed, with 70 having both pre- and post- data for comparison of the scaled responses. There was a statistically significant improvement in student knowledge, comfort, and confidence scores as assessed by the surveys. Discussion A hands-on approach using a calendar and a custom database workbook appeared to help most students improve their understanding of applied medication adherence calculations. Summary A 50-min didactic background session on medication adherence metrics followed by a 50-min adherence metric calculation activity was effective in increasing student knowledge and confidence related to calculating adherence metrics.