cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the Stigma of Suicide Attempt Survivors

Abstract. Background: Past scholarly efforts to describe and measure the stigma surrounding suicide have largely viewed suicide stigma from the perspective of the general public. Aims: In the spirit of community-based participatory research (CBPR), the current study brought together a diverse stakeholder team to qualitatively investigate the suicide stigma as experienced by those most intimately affected by suicide. Method: Seven focus groups (n = 62) were conducted with suicide attempt survivors, family members of those who died by suicide, and suicide loss therapists. Results: Themes were derived for stereotypes (n = 30), prejudice (n = 3), and discrimination (n = 4). People who attempted suicide were seen as attention-seeking, selfish, incompetent, emotionally weak, and immoral. Participants described personal experiences of prejudice and discrimination, including those with health professionals. Conclusion: Participants experienced public stigma, self-stigma, and label avoidance. Analyses reveal that ...
Purification and properties of heparin-releasable lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor.

The lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI) is present in vivo in at least three different pools: sequestered in platelets, associated with plasma lipoproteins, and released into plasma by intravenous heparin, possibly from vascular endothelium. In this study we have purified the heparin-relesable form of LACI from post-heparin plasma and show that it is structurally different from lipoprotein LACI. The purification scheme uses heparin-agarose chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography and results in a 185,000-fold purification with a 33% yield. Heparin- releasable LACI (HRL), as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under reducing conditions, appears as a major band at 40 Kd and a minor band at 36 Kd. Immunoblot analysis suggests that the 36-Kd band arises from carboxyl-terminus proteolysis that occurs during the purification. HRL has a specific activity similar to that of HepG2 or lipoprotein LACI. HRL and lipoprotein LACI combine with lipoproteins in vitro while purified HepG2 LACI does not. I125-labeled HRL, injected into a rabbit, is cleared more slowly than I125-labeled HepG2 LACI, which may be due to attachment to lipoproteins in vivo. Preliminary evidence suggests that HRL is associated with vascular endothelium, possibly by attachment to glycosaminoglycans.
Next generation crop models: A modular approach to model early vegetative and reproductive development of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L).

Abstract The next generation of gene-based crop models offers the potential of predicting crop vegetative and reproductive development based on genotype and weather data as inputs. Here, we illustrate an approach for developing a dynamic modular gene-based model to simulate changes in main stem node numbers, time to first anthesis, and final node number on the main stem of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In the modules, these crop characteristics are functions of relevant genes (quantitative trait loci (QTL)), the environment (E), and QTL × E interactions. The model was based on data from 187 recombinant inbred (RI) genotypes and the two parents grown at five sites (Citra, FL; Palmira, Colombia; Popayan, Colombia; Isabela Puerto Rico; and Prosper, North Dakota). The model consists of three dynamic QTL effect models for node addition rate (NAR, No. d− 1), daily rate of progress from emergence toward flowering (RF), and daily maximum main stem node number (MSNODmax), that were integrated to simulate main stem node number vs. time, and date of first flower using daily time steps. Model evaluation with genotypes not used in model development showed reliable predictions across all sites for time to first anthesis (R2 = 0.75) and main stem node numbers during the linear phase of node addition (R2 = 0.93), while prediction of the final main stem node number was less reliable (R2 = 0.27). The use of mixed-effects models to analyze multi-environment data from a wide range of genotypes holds considerable promise for assisting development of dynamic QTL effect models capable of simulating vegetative and reproductive development.
The Ethics of Divided Political Institutions: King, Priest and Prophet

The implication of the ethical on the political is another issue that divides Maimonides and Gersonides. For Maimonides, the political ideal is the prophet as philosophic-legislator who legislates a divine (political) law which cultivates different moral and intellectual virtues. For Gersonides, an institutional separation between the “secular” political body of the kingship and the “religious” (or intellectual) political body of the priesthood is preferable to the combined role of the prophet. The virtues of physical preservation and of beneficence are amplified for the sake of the collective through the institutions of kingship and priesthood, which serve to actualize physical preservation and beneficence on a larger scale, while giving the prophet the means to criticize and challenge both.
Abstract 2489: HER2 peptide-specific immunogenicity correlates with pathologic response following HER2-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination for early breast cancer

Introduction: We have developed an autologous HER2-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccine that induces robust T-cell responses in early breast cancer. We have also previously demonstrated anti-HER2 Th1 responses to select class II peptides are preferentially lost early in HER2pos breast tumorigenesis. We aimed to compare peptide-specific Th1 responses between pathologic complete (pCR) and incomplete responders ( Methods: Patients with HER2pos DCIS (n = 37) or stage I invasive breast cancer (IBC) (n = 10) received neoadjuvant HER2-pulsed DC vaccine prior to surgery. Specimens were examined for residual disease on pathology. CD4 Th1 responses to 6 HER2 Class II peptides (p42-56, p98-114, p328-345, p776-790, p927-941, p1166-1180) were measured using IFN-γ production by ELISPOT. Th1 response metrics were: (1) anti-HER2 responsivity, (2) response repertoire (i.e. no. of reactive peptides), and (3) cumulative response. Th1 responses post-vaccination were compared between pCR (n = 11) and Results: Forty-three of 47 (91.5%) vaccinated subjects mounted CD4 Th1 responses post-vaccination. Eleven of 47 (23.4%) achieved pCR; no significant difference in pCR rates were observed between IBC and DCIS patients (10% vs 27.0%; p = 0.41). pCR and Conclusion: HER2-pulsed DC vaccination induces pathologic responses in early breast cancer patients, supporting further clinical development. The key immunogenic HER2 class II peptides that appear to drive pCR following DC vaccination are incidentally lost very early in tumorigenesis, suggesting that immune restoration targeting these select peptides may enable control of early breast cancer. Citation Format: Megan E. Fracol, Jashodeep Datta, Shuwen Xu, Lea Lowenfeld, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Carolyn Mies, Paul J.L. Zhang, Robert E. Roses, Carla Fisher, Brian J. Czerniecki. HER2 peptide-specific immunogenicity correlates with pathologic response following HER2-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination for early breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2489. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2489
Composing [De]Composition: Data Sonification for Sound Art and Music Composition

Author(s): Parker, Jennifer Andrea (No.E) | Advisor(s): Dicke, Ian J | Abstract: Composing [De]Composition is a large-scale BioArt/sonification research installation that was presented at the University of California Riverside’s Sweeney Art Gallery from June-October 2015. This paper introduces compost—the main material of Composing [De]Composition—as a rich site for creative exploration and expression via the medium of data sonification. Here, the author non-reductively describes the multi-agential and poly-temporal nature of compost and data sonification through detailing the evolution of a process-based, techno-ecological artistic praxis involving: the observation, audification, and sonification of compost temperatures; the development of new sensing methods for data collection; parameter mapping; audio display/spatial sound design; dataset-based digital music composition and musification for acoustic instrumentation. The main observable driving the project is incalescence—the heat generated by the composting process. During the exhibition/research period, audification of this biological process brought a perceivably silent activity into the tangible reach of human hearing. The collection and real-time audification of temperature data using a custom interface to route sensor data to an eight-point audio display enabled listeners to better understand the complex ecology of a heterogeneous mass that was simultaneously decomposing, supporting a myriad of life forms while also enabling the bioavailability of macronutrients to the soil. The recontexualization of compost temperature data into sound also creates fertile ground for exploration in the realm of music composition—while the collection of data over time depicts inherent patterns occurring in the system analyzed, the basis of music also builds upon the use of patterns—pitched, rhythmic, and dynamic—through time. Sonification of compost temperature patterns not only capacitates human auditory observation of what is normally a perceivably silent physical biological process but also enables the composer/sound artist to create compositions in partnership with her phenomenon of study.
Direct Bio-printing with Heterogeneous Topology Design.

Abstract Bio-additive manufacturing is a promising tool to fabricate porous scaffold structures for expediting the tissue regeneration processes. Unlike the most traditional bulk material objects, the microstructures of tissue and organs are mostly highly anisotropic, heterogeneous, and porous in nature. However, modelling the internal heterogeneity of tissues/organs structures in the traditional CAD environment is difficult and oftentimes inaccurate. Besides, the de facto STL conversion of bio-models introduces loss of information and piles up more errors in each subsequent step (build orientation, slicing, tool-path planning) of the bio-printing process plan. We are proposing a topology based scaffold design methodology to accurately represent the heterogeneous internal architecture of tissues/organs. An image analysis technique is used that digitizes the topology information contained in medical images of tissues/organs. A weighted topology reconstruction algorithm is implemented to represent the heterogeneity with parametric functions. The parametric functions are then used to map the spatial material distribution. The generated information is directly transferred to the 3D bio-printer and heterogeneous porous tissue scaffold structure is manufactured without STL file. The proposed methodology is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the approach and the designed example structure is bio-fabricated with a deposition based bio-additive manufacturing system.
A Gram-Scale HPLC-Free Synthesis of TNA Triphosphates Using an Iterative Phosphorylation Strategy

α-l-Threofuranosyl nucleoside 3'-triphosphates (tNTPs) bearing the four genetic bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) were synthesized on a gram scale using an iterative phosphorylation strategy that avoids the need for tedious HPLC purification. This new synthetic procedure greatly increases the scale on which tNTP substrates can be produced for polymerase-mediated TNA synthesis studies.
Developmental programming in the preimplantation period: can it be exploited to enhance postnatal function in cattle?

The concept of developmental programming states that the function of an adult animal depends on environmental conditions to which it was exposed to before birth. Developmental programming can occur in the preimplantation period. Accordingly, certain environmental signals, acting either on the mother (for pregnancies established in vivo) or on the embryo directly (for cultured embryos), can program development of the preimplantation embryo to have effects on postnatal life. It is proposed that research on developmental programming in cattle could lead not only to elimination of adverse outcomes associated with in vitro production of embryos but also to discovery of approaches to produce a neonatal animal with superior prospects for achieving optimal production later in life.
Educational Reform, Privatization, and the Challenge of Collaborative Governance in Higher Education in the Arab World

This essay argues that it is important to promote collaborative governance institutions within higher education institutions so that faculty can develop creative and engaging teaching and research projects. Through an examination of the higher educational reform process in the GCC nations of the Gulf, the essay finds that the privatization of higher education and the reform of public universities have had a mixed record in establishing appropriate governance practices. Ambitious liberal arts colleges and universities have moved towards collaborative management practices, but small for-profit colleges are often extremely hierarchical and pay less attention to educational quality. Educational reform efforts in public universities have been marred by their authoritarian, top-down character which can erode the morale of professors and damage higher educational institutions’ academic mission.
Optimized feature selection-based clustering approach for computer-aided detection of lung nodules in different modalities

Early detection of pulmonary lung nodules plays a significant role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Computed tomography (CT) and chest radiographs (CRs) are currently being used by radiologists to detect such nodules. In this paper, we present a novel cluster-based classifier architecture for lung nodule computer-aided detection systems in both modalities. We propose a novel optimized method of feature selection for both cluster and classifier components. For CRs, we make use of an independent database comprising of 160 cases with a total of 173 nodules for training purposes. Testing is implemented on a publicly available database created by the Standard Digital Image Database Project Team of the Scientific Committee of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JRST). The JRST database comprises 154 CRs containing one radiologist-confirmed nodule in each. In this research, we exclude 14 cases from the JRST database that contain lung nodules in the retrocardiac and subdiaphragmatic regions of the lung. For CT scans, the analysis is based on threefold cross-validation performance on 107 cases from publicly available dataset created by Lung Image Database Consortium comprised of 280 nodules. Overall, with a specificity of 3 false positives per case/patient on average, we show a classifier performance boost of 7.7% for CRs and 5.0% for CT scans when compared to a single aggregate classifier architecture.
A review of the deposits and beneficiation of lower-grade chromite

This paper reviews the major deposits of lower-grade chromite in the world, and a wide variety of methods used for the recovery of chromium from them. Gangue materials in more coarsely sized ores can be separated by gravity means, whereas flotation techniques are required for finer-grained materials. However, unless there is considerable iron in the ores, physical means cannot increase the Cr/Fe ratios. Chemical techniques such as hydrometallurgical methods, chlorination, roastlng and leaching, and smelting are required for this purpose. A greater understandlng of the physical properties of chromites and the chemical reactions that take place in the recovery operations is required before the recoveries from lower-grade chromites can be maximized. More efficient recovery operations can be realized if it can be shown definitively that the reduction of chromites occurs via either a gas-solid or solid-solid mechanism, for example. The effects of specific impurities on the chromite reduction reactions need to be better understood, as do reagent and pH control in the flotation of chromite.
The Philosophy of Engineering and the Engineering Worldview

The philosophy of engineering is, in the first instance, concerned to make sense of what we do and how we do it as agents in the world. It is also concerned with understanding the nature of inquiry and exploration in the engineering enterprise. In these latter concerns, the philosophy of engineering constitutes the more general framework for understanding the nature of reality and the role of engineering in it. The philosophy of engineering and the engineering worldview supersede and subsume the philosophy of science and the scientific worldview.
Transscleral Neodymium:YAG Thermal Cyclophotocoagulation in Refractory Glaucoma: A Preliminary Report

Thirty patients treated with transscleral neodymium:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation (TSYLC) are reported. All patients had advanced glaucoma and had previously undergone one or more surgical procedures that failed, or were unsuitable for surgery. The average preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) for the group was 43 +/- 12 mmHg. The average follow-up time was 6 months. The average energy level used was 3.8 J (range, 3.5-4.5 J). The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 20 patients in whom laser lesions were applied 3 mm from the limbus. Group 2 consisted of ten patients in whom laser lesions were applied 2 mm from the limbus. Success was defined as an IOP between 22 and 5 mmHg, regardless of the number of treatments required. The overall success rate was 86%. However, group 2 required significantly more retreatment than did group 1. Complications were moderate and transient.
Extent of use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in children and adolescents within Indiana Medicaid

Abstract Introduction: Oral formulations of the antipsychotics aripiprazole, asenapine, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, quetiapine, and risperidone are indicated for use in pediatrics for sev...
Education and Politics in Wartime: School Systems in North and South Vietnam, 1965–1975

From the late 1950s until 1975, the war between North and South Vietnam had both domestic and international consequences. Unlike the Cold War divide between the United States and the Soviet Union, ...
Is Dedicated Research Time During Surgery Residency Associated With Surgeons' Future Career Paths?: A National Study.

Objective We examined associations between participation in ≥1 year of research during general surgery residency and each of full-time academic-medicine faculty appointment and mentored-K and/or Research Project Grant (RPG, including R01 and other) awards. Summary background data Many surgeons participate in ≥1 year of research during residency; however, the relationship between such dedicated research during general surgery residency and surgeons' career paths has not been investigated in a national study. Methods We analyzed deidentified data through August 2014 from the Association of American Medical Colleges, American Board of Medical Specialties, and the National Institutes of Health Information for Management, Planning, Analysis, and Coordination II grants database for 1997 to 2004 US medical-school graduates who completed ≥5 years of general surgery graduate medical education (GME) and became board-certified surgeons. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we identified independent predictors of faculty appointment and K/RPG award, reporting adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) significant at P Results Of 5328 board-certified surgeons, there were 1848 (34.7%) GME-research participants, 1658 (31.1%) faculty appointees, and 58 (1.1%) K/RPG awardees. Controlling for sex, debt, MD/PhD graduation, and other variables, GME-research participants were more likely to have received faculty appointments (AOR 1.790; 95% CI 1.573-2.037) and federal K/RPG awards (AOR 4.596; 95% CI 2.355-8.969). Conclusions Nationally, general surgery GME-research participation was independently associated with faculty appointment and K/RPG award receipt. These findings serve as benchmarks for general surgery residency programs aiming to prepare trainees for careers as academicians and surgeon-scientists.
Assessing the Intercultural Sensitivity of Marketing Students

This paper presents the results of an exploratory study using a theory-based instrument which measure a person’s intercultural sensitivity.
Springback Reduction by Using Tool Rollers

Springback is defined as a geometric defect, which occurs due to elastic recovery in the part after it has been unloaded. This challenge is most common in lightweight alloys as well as in advanced high strength steels. The materials, which exhibit lower elastic modulus or higher tensile strength, would be more prone to springback. In this paper, a novel patented technique is introduced to eliminate the springback by using rollers in the forming tool. It was found that due to the rotation of rollers in the tool during forming, reduces the stress in the part and, thus reduces the springback.
Rainfall Rates from the GOES-R Series

Abstract Satellites have been used for decades to estimate rainfall over extensive data-sparse areas. While rain gauges directly measure rainfall and radar provides high-resolution estimates of rainfall for limited areas, only satellites provide global-scale rainfall information that does not depend on an instrument (rain gauge or radar) being available on the ground. The improved spatial resolution and additional channels on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES)-R Series Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) represent a step forward in estimating rain rate from geostationary orbit. The GOES-R Series provides estimates of rainfall every 10 min for the entire full disk at the full spatial resolution of the ABI IR bands (2 km at nadir). This chapter briefly provides the context for estimating rain rates from satellite data, describes the measurement approach, and summarizes the current performance of the rain rate algorithm.
An Indium‐Seamed Hexameric Metal–Organic Cage as an Example of a Hexameric Pyrogallol[4]arene Capsule Conjoined Exclusively by Trivalent Metal Ions

A hexameric metal-organic nanocapsule is assembled from pyrogallol[4]arene units, which are stitched together with indium ions. This indium-seamed capsule is the first instance of a M24 L6 type hexameric coordination cage held together exclusively by trivalent metal ions. Explicitly, unlike previously reported pyrogallol[4]arene-based metal-seamed capsules, the current In3+ seamed capsule is entirely supported by O→In coordinate bonds. This work demonstrates the important proof of concept of the ability of pyrogallol[4]arene to react with metals in higher oxidation states to assemble into atomically-precise hexameric coordination cages. As such, these results open up exciting avenues toward the assembly of previously unanticipated metal-organic capsules, for example offering inspiration for tackling metals exhibiting high valence states such as in the lanthanide and actinide series.
The role of reactive oxygen species in ocular malignancy.

Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an attribute of malignant cells and is linked to the development of many of the characteristics considered “hallmarks of cancer (Hanahan and Weinberg, Cell 144(5), 2011, 646–674).” Among these are sustained proliferative signaling, induction of new vascular growth, promotion of invasion, and metastatic potential. Maintaining the balance between the beneficial biological functions of ROS and the dysregulation seen in human disease such as cancer, presents a daunting conundrum in the future of oncology research. ROS involvement is pervasive throughout the process of tumorigenesis and subsequent cancer growth, yet the response to both pro- and antioxidant based therapy is varied. We will review the ROS species in the pathogenesis of primary ocular malignancy with consideration of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Active Microwave Thermographic Measurement of In-Plane Thermal Diffusivity

This research shows the efficacy of an Active Microwave Thermography (AMT) based thermal materials characterization approach for measuring in-plane thermal diffusivity. To this end, two independent approaches, space-resolved and iterative, are utilized to extract the in-plane thermal diffusivity from AMT measurements conducted on two quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates. The experimental results obtained from the two approaches yield consistent values of the in-plane thermal diffusivity, thus supporting the validity of the results and showing the applicability of the AMT-based materials characterization technique.
Low-dimensional model of the large-scale circulation of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a cubic container

Low-dimensional models are desirable for turbulent flow problems that are otherwise impractical to solve. A model describing the dynamics of the orientation of convection rolls as diffusion in a potential determined by the shape of the cell is tested. In a cubic Rayleigh-B\'enard convection cell, measurements confirm the model prediction of a four-well potential, along with advected oscillation modes centered around potential minima at corners, driven by turbulent fluctuations with a restoring force due to the noncircular shape of the cell cross section.
The DFT study on pentannulation reaction of tungsten Fischer carbene complexes

Abstract One of the most valuable reactions in organometallic chemistry is the coupling of the Fischer carbene complexes with alkynes to furnish five or six membered rings among other products. However, the mechanism of the reaction is still controversial due to its complexity. In this work, a plausible mechanistic pathway of the annulation reaction between the [(CO)5W=C(OMe)Ph] and PhC ≡ CPh was investigated with the meta-GGA exchange-correlation functionals TPSS-D3(BJ) and a def2-TZVP basis set to examine two possible mechanistic pathways that lead to the five and six membered aromatic rings, respectively. It was found that the minimum energy pathway leads to the cyclopentannulation product rather than a phenol in accordance with the experiment.
Bottom-up inputs are required for the establishment of top-down connectivity onto cortical layer 1 neurogliaform cells

Abstract Higher order feedback projections to sensory cortical areas converge on layer 1 (L1), the primary site for integration of top-down information via the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and L1 GABAergic interneurons. Here, we investigated the contribution of early thalamic inputs onto L1 interneurons for the establishment of top-down inputs in the primary visual cortex. We find that bottom-up thalamic inputs predominate during early L1 development and preferentially target neurogliaform cells. We find that these projections are critical for the subsequent strengthening of feedback inputs from the anterior cingulate cortex. Enucleation or selective removal of thalamic afferents blocked this phenomenon. Notably, while early activation of anterior cingulate afferents resulted in a premature strengthening of these top-down inputs to neurogliaform cells, this was also dependent on thalamic inputs. Our results demonstrate that the proper establishment of top-down feedback inputs critically depends on bottom-up inputs from the thalamus during early postnatal development.
Screening of hydrogen bonding interactions by a single layer graphene.

A single layer of graphene when transferred to a solid substrate has the ability to screen or transmit interactions from the underlying substrate, which has direct consequences in applications of this 2D material to flexible electronics and sensors. Previous reports using a multitude of techniques present contradictory views on graphene's ability to screen or transmit van der Waals (vdW) and polar interactions. In the present study, we use interface-sensitive spectroscopy to demonstrate that a single layer graphene is opaque to hydrogen bonding interactions (a subset of acid–base interactions), answering a question that has remained unresolved for a decade. Similar frequency shifts of sapphire hydroxyl (OH) peak for graphene-coated sapphire in contact with air and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) demonstrate the insensitivity of sapphire OH to PDMS. The screening ability of graphene is also evident in the smaller magnitude of this frequency shift for graphene-coated sapphire in comparison to that for bare sapphire. The screening of acid–base interactions by a single layer graphene results in the significant reduction of adhesion hysteresis for PDMS lens on graphene-coated substrates (sapphire and silicon wafer, SiO2/Si) than bare substrates. Our results have implications in the use of PDMS stamps to transfer graphene to other substrates eliminating the need for a wet-transfer process.
Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Initial Clinical Experience.

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to assess the safety and efficacy of intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods and Materials A retrospective review was conducted on all patients who were treated with IMPT for HCC with curative intent from June 2015 to December 2018. All patients had fiducials placed before treatment. Inverse treatment planning used robust optimization with 2 to 3 beams. The majority of patients were treated in 15 fractions (n = 30, 81%, 52.5-67.5 Gy, relative biological effectiveness), whereas the remainder were treated in 5 fractions (n = 7, 19%, 37.5-50 Gy, relative biological effectiveness). Daily image guidance consisted of orthogonal kilovoltage x-rays and use of a 6° of freedom robotic couch. Outcomes (local control, progression free survival, and overall survival) were determined using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results Thirty-seven patients were included. The median follow-up for living patients was 21 months (Q1-Q3, 17-30 months). Pretreatment Child-Pugh score was A5-6 in 70% of patients and B7-9 in 30% of patients. Nineteen patients had prior liver directed therapy for HCC before IMPT. Eight patients (22%) required a replan during treatment, most commonly due to inadequate clinical target volume coverage. One patient (3%) experienced a grade 3 acute toxicity (pain) with no recorded grade 4 or 5 toxicities. An increase in Child-Pugh score by ≥ 2 within 3 months of treatment was observed in 6 patients (16%). At 1 year, local control was 94%, intrahepatic control was 54%, progression free survival was 35%, and overall survival was 78%. Conclusions IMPT is safe and feasible for treatment of HCC.
Intolerable vices: An inductive-deductive empirical analysis of union intolerance in relation to willingness to join a union

Provided are empirical answers to questions about what conscious emotions underlie union intolerance and what elements of these emotions relate to willingness to join a union. We draw from the racial intolerance literature, with attention to emotions listed by religious institutions as intolerable vices. We also draw from personal websites and blogs authored by employees who espouse union hatred to identify vices seen as encouraged by unions. With this source material in hand, union intolerance is defined as sustained hatred evoked when unions are perceived by nonunion employees to encourage intolerable vices, with union members envisioned as first-line recipients of such encouragement. Turning to the natural sciences, we evoked inductive processes to identify representative vices and to construct a union intolerance scale. With samples of nonunion employees (Ns = 262, 267), a scalable dimension is revealed. Our deductive work draws from: (a) a heuristic framework, in which conscious feelings are thought to evoke an emotional readiness to act; and (b) psychodynamics, in which unacceptable emotions are thought to be projected onto targeted others. With these conceptualizations, a prediction model is advanced, with willingness to join positioned as an outcome of readiness to act stemming from intolerance. Using the sample data, a hypothesized negative relationship is shown, in which diminished willingness to join is associated with more intolerance. Contextualized in reference to the union history of sampled employees, the negative relationship is also shown as intensified in relation to claims of union discrimination. Directions for future research and implications for union recruitment are discussed.
Arthroscopic distal clavicle excision is associated with fewer postoperative complications than open.

Background The rate of complications of open compared to arthroscopic distal clavicle excision remain poorly studied. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to (1) Identify most recent national trends in the usage of open vs. arthroscopic approaches for distal clavicle excision (DCE) from 2007 to 2017; (2) to identify and compare the complication rates for both approaches, and to identify patient-specific risk factors for complications; (3) to identify and compare the revision rate for both approaches; and (4) to identify and compare the reimbursement of each approach. Methods The PearlDiver database was reviewed for patients undergoing DCE from 2007 to 2017. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: those undergoing arthroscopic DCE (n = 8933) and those undergoing open DCE (n = 2295). The rate of postoperative complications within 90 days was calculated and compared. The revision rate and reimbursement of the arthroscopic and open approach were compared. Statistical analysis included chi-square testing to compare the rates of postoperative complications and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors for complications within 90 days. Results were considered significant at P < .05. Results The percentage of DCEs performed arthroscopically has significantly increased from 53.9% in 2007 to 69.8% in 2016, with a concomitant decrease in the use of open DCE from 46.1% in 2007 to 30.2% in 2016. The open approach was associated with significantly more postoperative complications, including a significantly greater incidence of surgical site infection (1.9% vs. 0.3%; P < .001), wound disruption (0.3% vs. 0.1%; P < .001), hematoma (0.9% vs. 0.2%; P = .001), and transfusion (0.6% vs. 0.1%; P < .001), than arthroscopic DCE. Several risk factors, including open approach, diabetes, heart disease, tobacco use, chronic kidney disease, and female gender, were identified as independent risk factors for complications after DCE. There was no significant difference in revision rate between open and arthroscopic approaches (P = .126). The reimbursement of open and arthroscopic DCE procedures were comparable, with median reimbursements of $5408 and $5,447, respectively (P = .853). Conclusion Both arthroscopic and open DCE techniques were found to have similar reimbursement amounts, with a low rate of complications, although the open technique had a higher rate of early complications such as surgical site infection. Over the study period, there was an increase in the utilization of arthroscopic DCE, while the incidence of the open technique remained constant.
Constitutional Compromise and the Supremacy Clause

All laws are the product of compromise. In some cases, compromise leads to ambiguity and imprecision. On these occasions, courts may be unable to ascertain and enforce the underlying compromise with precision.1 In other cases, compromise produces relatively clear and precise provisions that establish specific powers, procedures, or restrictions.2 On these occasions, courts pursuing interpretive fidelity should strive to uphold the specific compromises incorporated into enacted legal texts, especially the Constitution. By design, the procedures governing the adoption and amendment of the Constitution give political minorities extraordinary power to block constitutional change and exact compromise as the price of assent.3 At the Constitutional Convention, the smaller states convinced the larger states to
Time Resolved Spectroscopic (TRS) and Continuous Wave Spectroscopic (CWS) Studies of Photon Migration in Human Arms and Limbs

The optical study of tissues began with the spectroscopic studies of Glenn Millikan in 1935 who proposed a “metabolic microscope” by which he would follow metabolic demand as expressed by the deoxygenation of myoglobin and hemoglobin in tissue. This was beautifully demonstrated in his studies of the cat soleus muscle during functional actvity (tetanic contraction and ischemia) (1). While the optical changes could be attributed to both hemoglobin and myoglobin, the demonstration of the effectiveness of the dual-wavelength technique using a differential detector and color filters was established in his pioneer studies. Applications to humans emerged in 1940 (2) with the “Millikan Oximeter” which was applied to the lobe of the ear, and using the same princiles, this presaged the popular “pulse oximeter” as applied to the human finger tip (3) Neither of these approaches presumed to provide intracranial homoglobinometry. Thus the results of Jobsis-Vander Vleit and later Piantadosi on transcranial spectroscopy are noteworthy. They have evolved a much more sophisticated instrument which attempts to deconvolute cytochrome from hemoglobin and myoglobin changes in the exercising muscle (4,5). Such studies have been vexed by an unknown optical path requiring the need for either speculation or transfer of data from one model to another in abortive attempts to convert what has been termed justifiably a “trend indicator” to a quantitative spectroscopic technique.
MANAGING THE FLOOD PULSE FOR OPTIMAL FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN THE ATCHAFALAYA RIVER BASIN, LOUISIANA (USA)

The Atchafalaya River Basin in south-central Louisiana (USA) comprises the largest contiguous river–floodplain swamp in North America and functions as a distributary for the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. We assessed the impact of the annual flood pulse on fisheries production at a basin-wide scale. We modelled flood duration (days/year Butte LaRose gauge height >3.6 m) and magnitude (mean daily gauge height) against long term (1987–2009) fishery-independent and fishery-dependent data on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), crappie (Pomoxis spp.), blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus), buffalofish (Ictiobus spp.), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and crayfish (Procambarus spp.). When the Atchafalaya River at Butte LaRose is at flood stage (≥ 3.6 m gauge height) for approximately 121–157 days/year, then annual relative abundances of largemouth bass, crappie, blue catfish and buffalofish are optimized during the fall (October–December). In contrast to the tenets of the flood pulse concept, gizzard shad abundance was optimized during low flow years, when flood duration is ≤10 days/year. Annual proportion of age-1 largemouth bass was associated positively with flow magnitude during the previous year, whereas proportions of age-2 largemouth bass and crappie were associated positively with flood magnitude 2 years prior to the fish sample. Results for commercial production metrics were ambiguous. Crayfish catches were associated positively with flood magnitude and duration, whereas gizzard shad landings peaked at a relatively small flood magnitude level and were not related to flood duration. Blue catfish and buffalofish annual landings were not influenced by the annual flood pulse. The annual flood pulse can be managed to optimize the availability of recreational (largemouth bass and crappie) and some commercial fisheries resources (blue catfish and crayfish). We estimate that a minimum discharge of 8807 m3 s−1 is required at the river's source for approximately 4–5 months during the winter–spring months to optimize fisheries production. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenovirus E1B 19-kilodalton protein overcomes the cytotoxicity of E1A proteins

Infection with adenovirus mutants carrying either point mutations or deletions in the coding region for the 19-kDa E1B gene product (19K protein) causes degradation of host cell and viral DNAs (deg phenotype) and enhanced cytopathic effect (cyt phenotype). Therefore, one function of the E1B 19K protein is to protect nuclear DNA integrity and preserve cytoplasmic architecture during productive adenovirus infection. When placed in the background of a virus incapable of expressing a functional E1A gene product, however, E1B 19K gene mutations do not result in the appearance of the cyt and deg phenotypes. This demonstrated that expression of the E1A proteins was responsible for inducing the appearance of the cyt and deg phenotypes. By constructing a panel of viruses possessing E1A mutations spanning each of the three E1A conserved regions in conjunction with E1B 19K gene mutations, we mapped the induction of the cyt and deg phenotypes to the amino-terminal region of E1A. Viruses that fail to express conserved region 3 (amino acids 140 to 185) and/or 2, (amino acids 121 to 185) or nonconserved sequences between conserved regions 2 and 1 of E1A (amino acids 86 to 120) were still capable of inducing cyt and deg. This indicated that activities associated with these regions, such as transactivation and binding to the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene, were dispensable for induction of E1A-dependent cytotoxic effects. In contrast, deletion of sequences in the amino terminus of E1A (amino acids 22 to 107) resulted in extragenic suppression of the cyt and deg phenotypes. Therefore, a function affected by deletion of amino acids 22 to 86 of E1A is responsible for exerting cytotoxic effects in virally infected cells. Furthermore, transient high-level expression of the E1A region using a cytomegalovirus promoter plasmid expression vector was sufficient to induce the cyt and deg phenotypes, demonstrating that E1A expression alone is sufficient to exert these cytotoxic effects and that other viral gene products are not involved. Finally, placing E1A expression under the control of a strong promoter did not alter the requirement for E1B in the transformation of primary cells. One possibility is that the E1B 19K protein is required to overcome the cytotoxic effects of E1A protein expression and thereby enable primary cells to become transformed.
Paper and Board, 5. Water Circuits

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Fresh Water 3. Process Water 4. Water Circuits 4.1. White Water Circuit System 4.2. Water Circuit Systems in Stock Preparation 4.3. Examples of Mill-wide Water Circuit Systems 4.4. Current Limits on Circuit Closure 4.5. Zero Effluent Systems
La présence d'envie : comment s'en accommoder?

Je passe d'abord en revue les resultats les plus saillants (a monsens) du modele propose par Fleurbaey [1994] dans ce volume, en ce qui concerne d'une part l'impossibilite de satisfaire simultanement tous les tests de compensation et d'autre part la definition de solutions operationnelles (en particulier, univoques) du modele. Dans une troisieme et derniere section j'adapte au modele de Fleurbaey l'un des tests d'equite les plus anciens de la litterature sur la justice distributive, c'est a dire l'idee qu'il faut garantir a chaque agent sa juste part des ressources a partager. The model proposed by Fleurbaey in this volume is discussed, with a particular emphasis on single valued solutions. Then I explore the consequences of guaranteeing to each agent a fair share of the resources, viz one of the oldest tests of equity in the literature on faire division. This new test raises new logical impossibilities and brings new interpretations of the solutions proposed by Fleurbaey.
Role of arterial stiffness and impaired renal function in the progression of new coronary lesions after percutaneous coronary intervention

In the era of drug-eluting stents, revascularization of an initially non-target site owing to its progression as a new culprit lesion has emerged as a new therapeutic target of coronary artery disease. We aimed to clarify the prognostic factors for the progression of a previously non-significant coronary portion after prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We examined 275 patients who underwent PCI between February 2010 and January 2011 and had follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) after 6–12 months. Patients with target lesion revascularization were excluded. Finally, a total of 236 patients were included in this study. Thirty-three patients (14 %) underwent additional clinically driven PCI to treat previously non-significant lesions. There was no difference in background clinical characteristics between patients with and without additional PCI. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD; 61 vs. 31 %, p = 0.001) and multivessel disease (MVD; 55 vs. 35 %, p = 0.027), and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV; 1,838 ± 371 vs. 1,589 ± 313 cm/s, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with additional PCI than in those without. A multivariate analysis showed that CKD, MVD, higher baPWV, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at the follow-up CAG were independent determinants of the progression of new culprit coronary lesions. In conclusion, higher baPWV, CKD, and MVD are independent predictors of later additional PCI, suggesting an important role for arterial stiffness and impaired renal function in the progression of new culprit coronary artery lesions after PCI.
New constraints on extra gauge bosons

Abstract Recent W and Z boson mass measurements are used to constrain extended electroweak gauge models.
A Novel Authenticated Encryption Algorithm for RFID Systems

In this paper a light symmetric encryption algorithm is presented for resource constrained applications like RFID systems. In this algorithm some extra bits are distributed among plaintext bits where the location of these bits inside the cipher text is the secret key. The algorithm provides confidentiality, authentication, and integrity services. Experimental results confirm that its area overhead and power overhead is less than other known symmetric algorithms proposed for RFID systems.
Shoulder injuries in the skeletally immature baseball pitcher and recommendations for the prevention of injury

Since 1996, when the first article on pitch restriction recommendations was published, the number of research articles involving skeletally immature pitchers has increased. Potential shoulder injuries in this age group are proximal humeral epiphysiolysis, glenohumeral instability, rotator cuff dysfunction, and superior labrum anteroposterior lesions. Fatigue, improper biomechanics, and overuse are the most common reasons for these injuries. In the hopes of preventing injury to young pitchers, numerous organizations, including the USA Baseball Medical & Safety Advisory Committee, The American Sports Medicine Institute, Little League Baseball & Softball, and the Long Term Athlete Development Program for Baseball Canada, have developed recommendations on pitching restrictions that include limits on pitch count, pitches per week, pitches per season, and rest between pitching. Awareness by sports medicine providers, coaches, and parents/guardians of the most up-to-date recommendations on injury prevention and return to play guidelines should reduce the incidence of acute and chronic injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.