cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatially Resolved High-Ionization Nebulae in a High-Redshift Radio Galaxy: Evidence for Shock Ionization and Photoionization

We present high-resolution, long-slit spectroscopic data obtained from the W. M. Keck I Telescope of one of the most distant radio galaxies reported to date: MG 2141+192 (B1950, z = 3.594 ± 0.003). Line emission from Lyα λ1215.7, C IV λ1549.0, and He II λ1640.5 spans an unusually large spatial extent (~120 kpc), continuing well beyond the radio lobes. We also report a large velocity field of multiple components spanning an FWZI of ~3200 km s-1. Such spectacular extended high-ionization emission of C IV and He II is rare in the published literature. The optical host galaxy is aligned with the radio axis (ΔP.A. ≈ 5°) of this Fanaroff-Riley type II radio galaxy, as is commonly observed in powerful and/or high-redshift radio galaxies. The line-emission nebulae have dissimilar velocity fields, suggesting that their origin is unlikely to be dominated by radiation from a reflected broadline region, but rather that from radiating turbulent gas. Our spatially resolved data provide information to probe the underlying energetics that power the rest-frame UV line emission. Previous modeling of radio galaxy ionization nebulae generally considered two scenarios: photoionization from a central active nucleus and shock ionization possibly resulting from radio jet interactions with the host galaxy environs. Integrated flux ratios of UV lines have frequently been used to distinguish between models. This work spatially resolves high-ionization lines to allow registered two-dimensional line ratio maps as an additional diagnostic. Comparing these maps with available shock and photoionization models reveals evidence for separate shock-ionized and photoionized emission regions. Our results imply that multiple ionization mechanisms may contribute to the line emission in active galactic nuclei, which must be carefully taken into consideration, particularly in analyses relying on total line fluxes.
Catalytic tuning of a phosphinoethane ligand for enhanced C-H activation

Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CD-H) by (dtbpe)Ni(NAr) to form a NiI−amide, (dtbpe)Ni(NHAr), and cyclohexadienyl radical is calculated to be thermodynamically reasonable, ΔHHAA(dtbpe) = −1.3 kcal/mol, dtbpe = bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane, Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl. However, radical rebound to form a metal-bound amine is highly endothermic (ΔHreb(dtbpe) = +25.1 kcal/mol). Analysis of bond enthalpies indicates that weakening of the Ni−N bond (Ni−amide → Ni−amine) upon radical rebound is not compensated by the weak C−N bond formed. Hence, a ligand was sought that would enhance the metal−amine bond strength while diminishing the metal−amide bond strength. Reaction of (dfmpe)Ni(NAr) with CD-H was thus analyzed, dfmpe = bis(di(trifluoromethyl)phosphino)ethane. While there is a small change in the thermodynamics of HAA (ΔHHAA(dfmpe) = −5.7 kcal/mol), there is a profound change in the rebound step (ΔHreb(dfmpe) = −7.8 kcal/mol) upon replacing dtbpe by dfmpe. Regeneration of the nit...
Measuring children's attitudes toward TV commercials: An instrument reliability test

The research deals with an investigation of the reliability of a seven-item test developed by Rossiter (1977) to investigate children's attitudes toward TV commercials. A comparative analysis of the internal-consistency reliability, using Cronbach's alpha, and testretest reliability, using Pearson's r, is presented for two previous studies and the current effort. The effects of extension to a more diverse socioeconomic spectrum and to younger children are discussed. It is concluded that the test should be lengthened and administered to midmiddle and higher SES children. The latter condition is stated since reading skills appear to impinge on reliability scores.
Open access and openly accessible: a study of scientific publications shared via the internet

Abstract Objectives To determine how often reprints of scientific publications are shared online, whether journal readership level is a predictor, how the amount of file sharing changes with the age of the article, and to what degree open access publications are shared on non-journal websites. Design The internet was searched using an application programming interface to Google, a popular and freely available search engine. Main outcome measures The proportion of reprints of journal articles published between 1994 and 2004 from within 13 subscription based and four open access journals that could be located online at non-journal websites. Results The probability that an article could be found online at a non-journal website correlated with the journal impact factor and the time since initial publication. Papers from higher impact journals and more recent articles were more likely to be located. On average, for the high impact journal articles published in 2003, over a third could be located at non-journal websites. Similar trends were observed for the delayed or full open access publications. Conclusions Decentralised sharing of scientific reprints through the internet creates a degree of de facto open access that, though highly incomplete in its coverage, is none the less biased towards publications of higher popular demand.
Identification of a biomarker panel using a multiplex proximity ligation assay improves accuracy of pancreatic cancer diagnosis

Background: Pancreatic cancer continues to prove difficult to clinically diagnose. Multiple simultaneous measurements of plasma biomarkers can increase sensitivity and selectivity of diagnosis. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) is a highly sensitive technique for multiplex detection of biomarkers in plasma with little or no interfering background signal. Methods: We examined the plasma levels of 21 biomarkers in a clinically defined cohort of 52 locally advanced (Stage II/III) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases and 43 age-matched controls using a multiplex proximity ligation assay. The optimal biomarker panel for diagnosis was computed using a combination of the PAM algorithm and logistic regression modeling. Biomarkers that were significantly prognostic for survival in combination were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox survival models.
Chemical studies of histone methylation. Evidence for the occurrence of 3-methylhistidine in avian erythrocyte histone fractions.

Abstract The methylation of histones was studied in mature and immature red cells of the duck. Histone Fractions I, II, III-IV, and V were prepared from cells which had been incubated in the presence of l-methionine-(methyl-3H). The histones were hydrolyzed in acid and the digests were chromatographed on an amino acid analyzer under conditions which have been shown to resolve the methyl derivatives of lysine as well as those of histidine. All of the histone digests were radioactive, due in part to the incorporation of methionine during protein synthesis de novo (Fraction III-IV) and in part to methylation of preformed histones (Fractions I and V). Histone Fractions I and V were found to contain radioactive 3-methylhistidine. The formation of 3-methylhistidine occurs much more rapidly in immature erythroid cells than in the mature erythrocytes.
Anthropology of Aging and Care

In concert with lengthening life spans, emerging forms of care in later life reflect complex and diverse social changes. Embracing a polysemic understanding of care as simultaneously resource and relational practice, this review works across scales of social life and theoretical approaches to care to highlight connections and fissures between global political-economic transformations and the most intimate aspects of daily life. Arguing for analyses of care that account for the kinds of projects, stakes, and obstacles that emerge as people engage in social reproduction in later life, this review traces the circulation of care across aging bodies, everyday practices, families, and nations. Care in later life never exclusively impacts the lives of the old; it is thus a critical site for understanding the diverse ways that increased longevity is shaping the meanings, experiences, and consequences of life itself.
Attentional Biases and the Persistence of Sad Mood in Major Depressive Disorder

This study examined whether attentional biases for emotional information are associated with impaired mood recovery following a sad mood induction among individuals with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Attentional biases were assessed with an exogenous cuing task using emotional facial expressions as cues among adults with (n = 48) and without (n = 224) current MDD. Mood reactivity and recovery were measured following a sad mood induction. Mood reactivity strongly predicted mood recovery; however, this relationship was moderated by attentional biases for negative emotional stimuli. Biases for sad and fear stimuli were associated with diminished mood recovery following mood induction across the sample. However, biases for sad stimuli were associated with significantly greater impairments in mood recovery among individuals with MDD than healthy controls. Furthermore, within the MDD group, impaired mood recovery was positively associated with depression severity. These results suggest that attentional biases maintain depression, in part, by facilitating the persistence of sad mood.
Clenbuterol reduces degeneration of exercised or aged dystrophic (mdx) muscle.

Evidence of dystrophic muscle degeneration in the hind limb muscles of young (20-week-old) treadmill-exercised or aged (87-week-old) sedentary mdx mice was greatly reduced by treatment with clenbuterol, a beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist. Daily treadmill exercise for 10 weeks increased the size of regions within the mdx plantaris but not the soleus or gastrocnemius muscles, in which necrotic muscle fibers or the absence of fibers was observed. Clenbuterol reduced the size of these abnormal regions from 21% of total muscle cross-sectional area to levels (4%) found in sedentary mdx mice. In addition, the muscles obtained from aged clenbuterol-treated mdx or wild-type mice did not display the extensive fibrosis or fiber loss observed in untreated mdx mice. These observations are consistent with a mechanism of dystrophic muscle degeneration caused by work load-induced injury that is cumulative with aging and is opposed by beta(2)-adrenoceptor activation. Optimization of beta(2)-agonist treatment of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice may lead to a useful therapeutic modality for human forms of the disease.
Stutterers' practices: Folk remedies and therapeutic intervention

Abstract Therapy with stutterers often attempts to eliminate the secondary “tricks” or “crutches” used by stutterers in social interaction. This study challenges such treatment, suggesting that these natural folk remedies are competent practices devised by stutterers to deal with theproblematic contingencies posed by social life. Stutterers, rather than being manipulative, are highly attuned to the taken-for-granted structure of everyday interaction. I detail a number of the practices used by stutterers and argue that they comprise part of the ensemble of interactional and conversational practices used by “normal” speakers. The therapeutic implications suggests that therapists work with these natural remedies rather than denigrating them in the course of treatment.
Autophagy as an antimicrobial strategy

Autophagy is a process of lysosomal degradation that was originally described as a cellular response to adapt to a lack of nutrients and to enable the elimination of damaged organelles. Autophagy is increasingly recognized as a process that is also involved in innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. Studies on the regulation of autophagy have uncovered components of the autophagic cascade that can be manipulated pharmacologically. Approaches to modulate autophagy may result in novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of various infections.
Consequences of Women's Formal and Informal Job Search Methods for Employment in Female-Dominated Jobs

Using data from the General Social Survey and the National Organizations Survey, this study assesses the extent to which job search methods affect gender composition in a job. In contrast to past research and the popular notion that networking maximizes job search outcomes, it is found that women who use informal job search methods had jobs with more women in them compared to not using such methods. Women using formal job search methods had jobs with fewer women in them compared to not using these methods. For men, job search methods were not associated with the gender composition of the job.
Identification of Neutralizing Epitopes within Structural Domain III of the West Nile Virus Envelope Protein

Using a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we have mapped epitopes in domain III of the envelope protein of the New York strain of West Nile virus. The ability of monoclonal antibodies that recognize these epitopes to neutralize virus appeared to differ between lineage I and II West Nile virus strains, and epitopes were located on the upper surface of domain III at residues E307, E330, and E332.
Dual band antenna for wireless network (WLAN) applications

This paper presents a compact multiband planar monopole microstrip antenna for WLAN applications. The proposed antenna with microstrip-fed structure is compact with a total size of 50mm×19mm×1.5mm. A prototype is constructed and tested. The measured results show good dual band operations with −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 15.68% and 84.67% centered at 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz respectively, which cover the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN operating bands. A new technique of using a combination of a slot in the radiating patch and a slit in the ground plane has been employed to achieve the multiband performance of the antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits good radiation performance in terms of gain, return loss, and compactness. A good agreement between the simulated and the experimental results is achieved.
Magnetite thin films

A low temperature process for converting hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) thin films into magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 is described. The films produced are unambiguously identified as magnetite by several complementary methods of analysis. These include α-backscattering spectrography, X-ray powder diffractometry, and observations of electrical, magnetic, and optical properties.
Determining the Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Viral Load using a Marginal Structural Left-censored Mean Model

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) dramatically reduces the load of circulating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by blocking replication at multiple points in the viral life cycle, but the long-term effect of HAART on viral load remains unclear. In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women's Interagency HIV Study, 918 HIV-1-infected men and women who were not using antiretroviral therapy were followed for a median of 5.8 years between 1996 and 2005. Follow-up yielded 3,629 person-years of observation, during which 286 (31%) of the participants initiated HAART. A marginal structural left-censored linear model for semiannual repeated assessments of viral load showed a 1.9 log(10) decrease in viral load after HAART initiation as compared with nonuse (95% confidence interval: 1.7, 2.2), which remained stable over the course of follow-up but was stronger among men (interaction p < 0.001). This association was attenuated by 10% when the authors ignored the left-censoring of viral load measurements (which comprised 20% of measurements (1,420/7,258)) and attenuated by 57% when the authors adjusted for time-varying covariates in a standard fashion rather than using the marginal structural model. In conclusion, the clinically important protective effect of HAART on dampening viral load appears to be rapid, present at CD4 cell counts greater than 350 cells/mm(3), and sustained beyond 6 years.
Mucosal potassium efflux mediated via Kcnn4 channels provides the driving force for electrogenic anion secretion in colon

Intermediate conductance K+ (Kcnn4) channels are present in both mucosal and serosal membranes of colon. However, only serosal Kcnn4 channels have been shown to be essential for agonist-induced (cA...
Surface Activities of Barbital, Phenobarbital, and Pentobarbital and their Interaction Energies with Phospholipid Monolayers

The adsorption free energies of barbital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital at the air-water interface were estimated from plots of the surface pressure (π ⩽ 5 dynes/cm) against the bulk concentration. Their energies of interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine and dipalmitoyllecithin monolayers spread at the air-water interface were estimated from the surface pressure increase with increasing concentrations of the subphase-injected barbituric acid derivatives. Adsorption free energies and interaction energies were barbital < phenobarbital < pentobarbital, which correlate with their nerve blocking concentration.
Brassicaceae phylogeny and trichome evolution

To estimate the evolutionary history of the mustard family (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae), we sampled 113 species, representing 101 of the roughly 350 genera and 17 of the 19 tribes of the family, for the chloroplast gene ndhF. The included accessions increase the number of genera sampled over previous phylogenetic studies by four-fold. Using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian methods, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the gene and used the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test (S-H test) to compare the phylogenetic results with the most recent tribal classification for the family. The resultant phylogeny allowed a critical assessment of variations in fruit morphology and seed anatomy, upon which the current classification is based. We also used the S-H test to examine the utility of trichome branching patterns for describing monophyletic groups in the ndhF phylogeny. Our phylogenetic results indicate that 97 of 114 ingroup accessions fall into one of 21 strongly supported clades. Some of these clades can themselves be grouped into strongly to moderately supported monophyletic groups. One of these lineages is a novel grouping overlooked in previous phylogenetic studies. Results comparing 30 different scenarios of evolution by the S-H test indicate that five of 12 tribes represented by two or more genera in the study are clearly polyphyletic, although a few tribes are not sampled well enough to establish para- or polyphyly. In addition, branched trichomes likely evolved independently several times in the Brassicaceae, although malpighiaceous and stellate trichomes may each have a single origin.
Online spelling correction for query completion

In this paper, we study the problem of online spelling correction for query completions. Misspelling is a common phenomenon among search engines queries. In order to help users effectively express their information needs, mechanisms for automatically correcting misspelled queries are required. Online spelling correction aims to provide spell corrected completion suggestions as a query is incrementally entered. As latency is crucial to the utility of the suggestions, such an algorithm needs to be not only accurate, but also efficient.To tackle this problem, we propose and study a generative model for input queries, based on a noisy channel transformation of the intended queries. Utilizing spelling correction pairs, we train a Markov n-gram transformation model that captures user spelling behavior in an unsupervised fashion. To find the top spell-corrected completion suggestions in real-time, we adapt the A* search algorithm with various pruning heuristics to dynamically expand the search space efficiently. Evaluation of the proposed methods demonstrates a substantial increase in the effectiveness of online spelling correction over existing techniques.
Composite ship track characteristics

Abstract The physical and radiative properties of a composite ship track are described from the analysis of 131 ship–ship track correlation pairs collected during the Monterey Area Ship Track experiment. The significant variability of ship tracks around their average characteristics is also described. The nominal environmental conditions for the ship track set are also described. The composite ship track is 296 ± 233 km long, 7.3 ± 6 h old, and averages 9 ± 5 km wide. The ship is, on the average, 16 ± 8 km from of the head of the ship track along the relative wind vector and corresponds to a time of 25 ± 15 min. The set of ship tracks examined in this study formed in marine boundary layers that were between 300 and 750 m deep, and no tracks formed in boundary layers above 800 m. The tracks form in regions of high relative humidity, small air–sea temperature differences, and moderate winds (average of 7.7 ± 3.1 m s−1). The ambient cloud reflectance in advanced very high resolution radiometer channel 3 (3.7...
Vertical firm structure and industry evolution

The analysis presented here suggests that the evolution of vertical firm structure depends on contextual factors that differ in their impact across industries and produce different patterns of vertical firm structure. These contextual factors make it possible to account for specific features of the evolution of vertical firm structure using a systematic approach that evaluates the same contextual factors in every industry. The automobile and aluminum industries illustrate how these contextual factors can explain the evolution of vertical firm structure
What Preschoolers Bring to the Show: The Relation Between Viewer Characteristics and Children’s Learning from Educational Television

The capacity model (Fisch, 2000, 2004) is one of the few existing theoretical models developed to explain how children learn from educational television, but it has yet to receive much empirical validation. The model posits that various characteristics of the viewers influence both narrative comprehension and educational content comprehension, two distinct parallel processes. While many studies of media effects and processes control for individual differences, the goal of this study was to investigate several viewer characteristics that are predicted to influence comprehension. Seventy-eight preschool-age children watched a short educational television program and completed assessments of cognitive abilities, interest in the program, prior knowledge related to the program, and comprehension of the program content. Regression analyses revealed general support for Fisch’s predictions that viewer characteristics influence narrative comprehension and educational content comprehension. Results provide an impor...
Einfluß der Bildqualität auf die Genauigkeit der nichtinvasiven Ischämiediagnostik mit der Dobutamin-Streßmagnetresonanztomographie im Vergleich zur Dobutamin-Streßechokardiographie

In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Dobutamin-Stresechokardiographie als eine Standardmethode zur nichtinvasiven Ischamiediagnostik etabiert. Mit ultraschneller Magnetresonanztomographie konnen identische pharmakologische Stresprotokolle, wie derzeit in der Echokardiographie angewandt, durchgefuhrt werden.
Adrenolytic Action of Cyclopropane.

ConclusionAlthough cyclopropane initially sensitizes the dog's heart so that the injection of adrenalin causes ventricular tachycardia, subsequently it may exert an adrenolytic effect on the cardiovascular system.
Fulminant Kaposi’s Sarcoma After Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

ABSTRACT Fulminant multicentric Kaposi’s sarcoma developed in an American-born HIV-negative patient 8 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. Despite its rarity in liver transplantation, Kaposi’s sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis in hepatic allograft recipients presenting with rapidly growing cutaneous or polylymphadenopathic lesions.
Correlated photon pairs from FWM mixing in a diamond configuration: experiments with rubidium vapor

We present measurements of photon correlations and Bell’s inequalities of photons generated in a rubidium vapor cell with four-wave mixing using a diamond configuration that includes the 5s, 5p and 6s levels.
Hyperbaric Oxygen’S Effect On Radiation Necrosis

A great deal of knowledge has been gained regarding the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the healing process. It is important, however, that surgeons use this new form of treatment properly and time surgical intervention appropriately. This article discusses the techniques and effects of this new therapy in the management of radiation necrosis.
Summing It Up. Alternative Routes for the Way Forward

What is our vision for the future? The analysis in this book strongly indicates that systemic change is inevitable and that the rising affluence (of some, but certainly not all) during the past century cannot be sustained. This understanding is not new. For most of the history of mankind, humans lived mainly on the annual solar energy input that powered the climate, hydrologic cycle, and ecosystems that determined their wealth. This allowed most humans to capture enough food and fiber to feed and clothe themselves, and to harvest a very small amount of the mineral wealth stored in the surface of the earth (metal ores, clay for pottery, and even a bit of fossil fuels) to construct various tools, weapons, and other kinds of artifacts and icons of civilization such as buildings, boats, public works projects, and works of art. But it did so for only a small number of humans compared to now. The global population grew from about four to six million people 10,000 years ago to about one billion in 1800. Practically everything done during that period was done with solar energy manifest in one form or another, including moving water, rain, wood, crops, fish and other seafood, as well as metal ores reflecting the work of people who mined them and combustible material used to process them. The unexploited state of these resources allowed earlier humans to exploit them with far less energy than currently needed, when stocks of soils, fish, metals and so on were much richer than is the case today.
Abstract 4481: Phosphorylation regulates EZH2 neoplastic functions in triple-negative breast cancer

Background: Triple negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2-neu negative) breast cancers (TNBC) comprise 15% of all breast cancers but are responsible for a disproportionately high number of deaths. Overexpression of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 (Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2) is an independent prognostic biomarker significantly associated with poorly-differentiated TNBCs and poor patient outcome. We previously identified a novel link between EZH2 and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, an important mediator of progression and metastasis of TNBC. We found that EZH2 binds to p38, and that EZH2 and activated p38 are concordantly expressed in the metastases of breast cancer patients. Based on these data and previous in vitro studies, we hypothesized that p38 MAPK may also regulate EZH2 through phosphorylation in breast cancer. We further hypothesized that this phosphorylation event may be important for EZH2 contribution to malignancy. Methods: In order to test this hypothesis, we performed knockdown rescue experiments in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436. Stable knockdown of EZH2 was achieved using shRNA targeting the 3’UTR. Knockdown of EZH2 was rescued by reintroduction of myc-EZH2 (WT) or a T367A-EZH2 phosphorylation-deficient mutant. Cell lines were then used in functional assays of proliferation, migration, and invasion. In order to further interrogate the importance of this phosphorylation event, we developed a phospho-specific EZH2 T367 antibody. Results: p38-mediated phosphorylation of EZH2 at T367 contributes to the migratory and invasive properties of TNBC. Mechanistically, phosphorylation by p38 does not affect binding to other PRC2 members but may affect EZH2 activity. We are currently investigating the relevance of pEZH2 as a biomarker of breast cancer survival with our new antibody. Conclusions: We provide evidence that p38 phosphorylation of EZH2 at T367 contributes to malignancy of triple-negative breast cancers. Our data suggest a new mechanism by which EZH2 is regulated and may offer an additional mechanism by which EZH2 contributes to TNBC progression. Citation Format: Talha Anwar, Caroline Arellano-Garcia, Boris Burman, Celina G. Kleer. Phosphorylation regulates EZH2 neoplastic functions in triple-negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4481.
Long-Term Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Background— Catheter ablation (CA) of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis can be challenging because of the complex underlying substrate. We sought to determine the long-term outcome of CA of VT in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Methods and Results— We enrolled 31 patients (age, 55±10 years) with diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis based on Heart Rhythm Society criteria and VT who underwent CA. In 23 (74%) patients, preprocedure cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomographic (PET) evaluation were performed. Preprocedure magnetic resonance imaging was positive for late gadolinium enhancement in 21 of 23 (91%) patients, whereas abnormal 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was found in 15 of 23 (65%) cases. In 14 of 15 patients with positive PET at baseline, PET was repeated after 6.1±3.7-month follow-up. After a median follow-up of 2.5 (range, 0–10.5) years, 1 (3%) patient died and 4 (13%) underwent heart transplant. Overall VT-free survival was 55% at 2-year follow-up. Among the 16 (52%) patients with VT recurrences, CA resulted in a significant reduction of VT burden, with 8 (50%) having only isolated (1–3) VT episodes and only 1 patient with recurrent VT storm. The presence of late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging, a positive PET at baseline, and lack of PET improvement over follow-up were associated with increased risk of recurrent VT. Conclusions— In patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and VT, CA is effective in achieving long-term freedom from VT or improvement in VT burden in the majority of patients. The presence of late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging, a positive PET scan at baseline, or lack of improvement at repeat PET over follow-up predict worse arrhythmia-free survival.
Low order wavefront sensing and control for WFIRST coronagraph

To maintain the required WFIRST Coronagraph starlight suppression performance in a realistic space environment, a low order wavefront sensing and control (LOWFS/C) subsystem is necessary. The LOWFS/C uses the rejected stellar light from coronagraph to sense and suppress the telescope pointing drift and jitter as well as the low order wavefront errors due to changes in thermal loading on the telescope and the rest of the observatory. In this paper we will present an overview of the low order wavefront sensing and control subsystem for the WFIRST Coronagraph. We will describe LOWFS/C’s Zernike wavefront sensor concept and control design, and present an overview of sensing performance analysis and modeling, predicted line-of-sight jitter suppression loop performance, as well as the low order wavefront error correction with the coronagraph’s deformable mirror. We will also report the LOWFS/C testbed design and the preliminary in-air test results, which show promising performance of the Zernike wavefront sensor and FSM feedback loop.
Neural Networks for System Identification

Abstract The paper discusses a theoretical framework within which recent results obtained for the identification and control of single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) or multivariable systems can be viewed, and describes some problems encountered in the practical implementation of identification and control methods using neural networks.
Suppression of Arctic Air Formation with Climate Warming: Investigation with a Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Model

AbstractArctic climate change in winter is tightly linked to changes in the strength of surface temperature inversions, which occur frequently in the present climate as Arctic air masses form during polar night. Recent work proposed that, in a warmer climate, increasing low-cloud optical thickness of maritime air advected over high-latitude landmasses during polar night could suppress the formation of Arctic air masses, amplifying winter warming over continents and sea ice. But this mechanism was based on single-column simulations that could not assess the role of fractional cloud cover change. This paper presents two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations that support the single-column model results: low-cloud optical thickness and duration increase strongly with initial air temperature, slowing the surface cooling rate as the climate is warmed. The cloud-resolving model cools less at the surface than the single-column model, and the sensitivity of its cooling to warmer initial temperatures is als...
Advances in Diabetes Pharmacotherapy: An Update for the Emergency Provider

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is a disease that affects millions of Americans, and its prevalence is only anticipated to increase in coming years. It is estimated that diabetes-related visits account for 1% of all emergency department (ED) encounters. In recent years, there have been several new categories of medications approved for the treatment of diabetes, including new insulins, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, an amylin analogue, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Objective of the Review This review presents recently approved agents to treat diabetes, with a focus on basic mechanism, place in therapy, and toxicities the ED provider may encounter. Discussion Many of these new therapies have been incorporated as first- and second-line agents for the management of diabetes. Recently approved diabetes medications often have different mechanisms of action and adverse effect and overdose profiles compared to traditional agents, such as sulfonylureas and metformin. Conclusions Emergency providers will encounter patients taking these newly approved medications, as well as treat those presenting with adverse effects and overdoses from them. As such, emergency providers must have a basic understanding of these new therapies so that they can optimally care for diabetic patients.
Insulin selectively reduces mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue in mice

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling in distinct adipose tissue depots. Sixteen-week-old male mice were injected daily with placebo or insulin to induce an artificial hyperinsulinemia for 28 days. Following the treatment period, mitochondrial respiration and degree of uncoupling were determined in permeabilized perirenal, inguinal, and interscapular adipose tissue. White adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria (inguinal and perirenal) respire at substantially lower rates compared with brown adipose tissue (BAT). Insulin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and interscapular BAT (iBAT), but not in perirenal WAT (pWAT). Furthermore, these changes were accompanied by an insulin-induced reduction in UCP-1 (uncoupling protein 1) and PGC-1α in iWAT and iBAT only, but not in pWAT or skeletal muscle. Compared with adipose tissue mitochondria in placebo conditions, adipose tissue from hyperinsulinemic mice manifested a site-specific reduction in mitochondrial respiration probably as a result of reduced uncoupling. These results may help explain weight gain so commonly seen with insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Visits to Hospital Outpatient Departments in the United States Due to Adverse Effects of Medications

Using 1995–1996 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, this study examined the prevalence, nature, and demographics of visits to hospital outpatient departments (OPDs) for adverse effec...
An extensible mathematical model of glucose metabolism. Part I: the basic glucose-insulin-glucagon model, basal conditions and basic dynamics

A basic model highlighting the counter-regulatory roles of insulin and glucagon is proposed to start a series of models designed to explore continuous rein control and major aspects of glucose meta...
Fair trade coffee exchanges and community economies

Despite the shortened commodity chain created for coffee through fair trade, there still exist a number of actors within certified commodity exchange. This chain is populated by disproportionately ...
Magneto-capillary dynamics of amphiphilic Janus particles at curved liquid interfaces

A homogeneous magnetic field can exert no net force on a colloidal particle. However, by coupling the particle's orientation to its position on a curved interface, even static homogeneous fields can be used to drive rapid particle motions. Here, we demonstrate this effect using magnetic Janus particles with amphiphilic surface chemistry adsorbed at the spherical interface of a water drop in decane. Application of a static homogeneous field drives particle motion to the drop equator where the particle's magnetic moment can align parallel to the field. As explained quantitatively by a simple model, the effective magnetic force on the particle scales linearly with the curvature of the interface. For particles adsorbed on small droplets such as those found in emulsions, these magneto-capillary forces can far exceed those due to magnetic field gradients in both magnitude and range. This mechanism may be useful in creating highly responsive emulsions and foams stabilized by magnetic particles.
Combining Correlated Data from Multiple Classifiers

Real time data collected from sensors and then having been processed by multiple classifiers are correlated due to common, inherent noise resulting from the sensor. The data is collected at different ranges and may have different statistical distributions and characteristics. Measurements from different classifiers are fused together to obtain more information about the phenomenon or environment under observation. Since the classifier fusion is attempting to improve the data through processing only, this chapter focuses on object refinement or fusion level 1 within the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) data fusion process model and taxonomy of algorithms. Before fusion, the correlated data is normalized using a variety of normalization techniques such as z-score and min-max normalization. Further, by dynamically weighting and combining the measurements from these classifiers, performance is improved. Weights are found using a Particle Swarm Optimization search algorithm and are a function of required accuracy and degree of correlation. Results are presented for (a) synthetic data generated using conditional multivariate normal distribution with different covariance matrices and (b) NIST BSSR dataset. For correlated classifiers, the performance of the particle swarm optimization technique outperforms the traditional data level fusion i.e., z-normalization and min-max.
Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis of Proteins: Detection and Characterization of Male-Mediated Genotoxicity

Damage to structural or regulatory genes in germ cell DNA is expected to produce abnormalities in the abundance or structure of the proteins whose synthesis is controlled by those genes in subsequent progeny. Detection of such protein abnormalities could be useful for monitoring mutation frequencies in the offspring of exposed populations, for the molecular characterization of DNA damage caused by different environmental or occupational exposures (e.g., ionizing radiation, toxic chemicals), and for the correlation of such damage with deleterious effects in subsequent generations. The biochemical specific locus test, in which the activities of approximately 30 different proteins can be monitored by one-dimensional electrophoresis, has shown that heritable protein effects can be detected in mice sired by chemically exposed males (Johnson and Lewis, 1981).
A Farewell to Pragmatism

The purpose of this brief response is to correct some of the many misconceptions about classical liberalism that have insinuated their way into Richard Posner's Pragmatic Liberalism versus Classical Liberalism.' In this iteration, pragmatic liberalism stands only for the modest proposition that one should proceed "by pointing out the[] advantages and disadvantages [of his views] and asking the reader to decide whether he believes the former outweigh the latter."2 That benign formulation leaves little rhetorical space between classical and pragmatic liberalism. My stress on classical liberalism is articulated in opposition to hard-core libertarian positions that do claim the status of necessary truths, a position that I strenuously attacked in Skepticism and Freedom.3 I wrote: "My intellectual odyssey has been from a staunch libertarian who distrusted consequentialist explanations to a classical liberal who embraces these explanations.,4 This basic point escapes Posner, who makes the bizarre and incorrect claim that "[o]nly the minuscule Libertarian Party subscribes to something like Epstein's political philosophy."5 The Libertarian Party treats taxation as theft, and then never explains how any government is funded.') In contrast, my views line up with the benefit theory of taxation of Locke, Smith, and Hayek, under which the flat tax emerges as a sensible compromise that allows democratic processes to reach revenue targets while minimizing the risks of political favoritism and preju-
5 Testing and Assessment in Cross-Cultural Psychology†

This chapter presents measurement issues of concern related to the use of assessments in cross-cultural psychology. These topics include an overview of some of the measurement issues, validity concerns, the process of adapting measures from one culture to another, and building measures from the start so that they can be used in several cultures. Distinctions are made between cross-cultural and multicultural; between emic and etic; and between culture-free, culture-fair, and what might be called culture-bound measures. The roles of language, culture, and acculturation as influences on test results are also discussed. Finally, the Guidelines for Test Adaptation of the International Test Commission are presented. Keywords: acculturation; cross-cultural measurement; culture-fair; culture-free; validity
A CRYPTIC CAUSE FOR CRYPTOGENIC STROKES

Although most ischemic strokes occur due to cardioembolic phenomena and vasoocclusive disease, a minority have less defined etiologies. Our case involves a 30-year old male with recurrent strokes and echocardiogram illustrating a suspected patent foramen ovale (PFO). A 30 year old male presented to
Computer Science Must Rely on Strongly-Typed Actors and Theories for Cybersecurity

 This article shows how fundamental higher-order theories of mathematical structures of computer science (e.g. natural numbers [Dedekind 1888] and Actors [Hewitt et. al. 1973]) are categorical meaning that they can be axiomatized up to a unique isomorphism thereby removing any ambiguity in the mathematical structures being axiomatized. Having these mathematical structures precisely defined can make systems more secure because there are fewer ambiguities and holes for cyberattackers to exploit. For example, there are no infinite elements in models for natural numbers to be exploited. On the other hand, the 1 st-order theories and computational systems which are not strongly-typed necessarily provide opportunities for cyberattack. Cyberattackers have severely damaged national, corporate, and individual security as well causing hundreds of billions of dollars of economic damage. [Sobers 2019] A significant cause of the damage is that current engineering practices are not sufficiently grounded in theoretical principles. In the last two decades, little new theoretical work has been done that practically impacts large engineering projects with the result that computer systems engineering education is insufficient in providing theoretical grounding. If the current cybersecurity situation is not quickly remedied, it will soon become much worse because of the projected development of Scalable Intelligent Systems by 2025 [Hewitt 2019]. Kurt Godel strongly advocated that the Turing Machine is the preeminent universal model of computation. A Turing machine formalizes an algorithm in which computation proceeds without external interaction. However, computing is now highly interactive, which this article proves is beyond the capability of a Turing Machine. Instead of the Turing Machine model, this article presents an axiomatization of a strongly-typed universal model of digital computation (including implementation of Scalable Intelligent Systems) up to a unique isomorphism. Strongly-typed Actors provide the foundation for tremendous improvements in cyberdefense.
Experimental assessment of the combustion performance of an oven burner operated on pipeline natural gas mixed with hydrogen

Abstract With the increasing need to reduce greenhouse gas emission and adopt sustainability in combustion systems, injection of renewable gases into the pipeline natural gas is of great interest. Due to high specific energy density and various potential sources, hydrogen is a competitive energy carrier and a promising gaseous fuel to replace natural gas in the future. To test the end use impact of hydrogen injection into the natural gas pipeline infrastructure, the present study has been carried out to evaluate the fuel interchangeability between hydrogen and natural gas in a residential commercial oven burner. Various combustion performance characteristics were evaluated, including flashback limits, ignition performance, flame characteristics, combustion noise, burner temperature and emissions (NO, NO2, N2O, CO, UHC, NH3). Primary air entrainment process was also investigated. Several correlations for predicting air entrainment were compared and evaluated for accuracy based on the measured fuel/air concentration results in the burner. The results indicate that 25% (by volume) hydrogen can be added to natural gas without significant impacts. Above this amount, flashback in the burner tube is the limiting factor. Hydrogen addition has minimal impact on NOX emission while expectedly decreasing CO emissions. As the amount of hydrogen increases in the fuel, the ability of the fuel to entrain primary air decreases.