cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intravenous vasopressin infusion decreases plasma ACTH concentration in conscious dogs.

Vasopressin infusion increases arterial and atrial pressures, which could stimulate arterial and cardiac baroreceptors to inhibit adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion. Therefore, the current experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that vasopressin infusion decreases plasma ACTH concentration in conscious dogs. Vasopressin was infused for 90 min in three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ng.kg-1.min-1) that produced increases in plasma levels within the physiological range. Only the highest dose of vasopressin increased mean arterial pressure, but left atrial pressure increased with all doses, and right atrial pressure increased with the two highest doses. A bradycardia was produced with all doses of vasopressin. Plasma ACTH concentration decreased from 44 +/- 12 to 25 +/- 7 (P less than 0.01), from 50 +/- 11 to 26 +/- 9 (P less than 0.001), and from 70 +/- 15 to 28 +/- 4 pg/ml (P less than 0.001) with infusion of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ng.kg-1.min-1 vasopressin, respectively. In contrast, plasma cortisol concentration first increased (P less than 0.05) with each vasopressin dose, but after 15-30 min it decreased back to control levels. These results demonstrate that intravenous infusion of vasopressin decreases plasma ACTH concentration. Because the inhibition is associated with increases in atrial pressure and decreases in heart rate, it may be mediated via activation of the baroreceptor reflex.
Multi-hop and D2D communications for extending coverage in public safety scenarios

In this paper, we consider the use of device-to-device (D2D) communications for extending the coverage area of active base stations in the case of public safety communications with partial coverage. A 3GPP standard compliant system level simulator is developed for D2D and heterogeneous network (HetNet) technologies considering public safety scenarios. The simulator is used to evaluate the performance of D2D multi-hop communications underlying cellular networks for the case of partial coverage. Improvements in energy and spectral efficiency, when compared with the case of direct user equipment-to-base station communications, are demonstrated. Moreover, user equipment (UE) power control techniques are applied to reduce the effects of interference from neighboring D2D links.
The Genomic Structure of Marek’s Disease Virus

All herpesviruses contain linear, double-stranded DNA genome surrounded by a 100-nm diameter icosahedral protein capsid core consisting of 162 capsomers. In thin-section electron micrographs, an electron transparent region, termed the tegument, surrounds the capsid, which in turn is surrounded by a lipid-containing envelope. Variations in tegument thickness and the state of the envelope result in reports of enveloped herpesviruses varying from l20nm to over 300nm in diameter (Roizman 1996). The herpesviruses were originally classified into families or subtypes (alpha-, beta- and gamma-herpesviruses) based upon their biological characteristics. This delineation was simple and required a few easily measured assays. Eventually, this delineation was too simple and inadequate. Herpesvirus classification now involves not only biological characterization, but tissue tropism, genomic organization, and protein comparisons.
Activity of tetracyclines, nalidixic acids, and nitrofurantoin in two experimental models of Escherichia coli urinary tract disease in rats.

SummaryOxytetracycline, α-6-deoxyoxytetracycline, nitrofurantoin, and nalidixic acid were studied in two experimental Escherichia coli models of urinary tract infection in rats, i.e., descending pyelonephritis induced by intravenous injection of the organism after temporary ureter occlusion and ascending pyelonephritis induced by administration of the organism into the bladder followed by manually produced reflux.Oxytetracycline and α-6-deoxyoxytetracycline, agents which appear in active form in body fluids and tissues, had equal activity in both infection models. Although nitrofurantoin appears in active form only in the urine, equal activity was demonstrated in both infection models. Nalidixic acid, an agent primarily active in the urine, was markedly more active in the ascending than in the descending urinary infection model. A more critical and complete appraisal of chemotherapeutants for use in urinary tract disease would be gained by evaluation in 2 different experimental urinary tract models rather...
Structure and Diffusion in Cross-Linked and Sulfonated Poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene)/Polyethylene Glycol-Based Proton Exchange Membranes

The nanoscale structure and water and charge diffusion in cross-linked and sulfonated poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene) (xsPCHD) hydrated membranes based on xsPCHD homopolymer, xsPCHD/polyethylene glycol (x...
A note on multiple schedules of IRT reinforcement

Data were obtained with rats on the effects of interresponse time (IRT) contingent reinforcement of the lever press response using schedules in which two intervals of reinforced IRTs were associated with two different stimulus light intensities (S+ values) and reinforcement was withheld in the presence of an intermediate intensity (S−). When the reinforcement intervals were the same for the two S+ values, the response rates were essentially the same for all three stimulus intensities; however when the reinforcement intervals were different, the response rates in the presence of S− were sometimes intermediate and sometimes lowest. The height of the mode of the IRT distributions was consistently lowest for the distributions obtained in S−.
Discussion on mechanism of biological decay of black rice wine

The phenomena,reason and mechanism of biological decay in black rice wine were analyzed.The strains which directly cause the decay in black rice wine were classified for science supporting of drawing up the sterilized process condition of black rice wine.Meanwhile the defects of health standard in GB/T13662 "rice wine" were also discussed.
Untended wounds: Non-suicidal self-injury in adults with autism spectrum disorder

Recent studies have examined non-suicidal self-injury in community and clinical samples, but there is no published research on non-suicidal self-injury in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. This lack of research is surprising, since individuals with autism spectrum disorder have high rates of risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury, including depression and poor emotion regulation skills. Using an online survey, we examined non-suicidal self-injury methods, frequency, severity, functions, and initial motivations in adults with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 42). We also compared their non-suicidal self-injury characteristics to those of a gender-matched group of adults without autism spectrum disorder ( n = 42). Of the participants with autism spectrum disorder, 50% reported a history of non-suicidal self-injury. This proportion is higher than non-suicidal self-injury rates previously reported for college students, adult community samples, and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, which suggests that adults with autism spectrum disorder have increased risk for engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Women with autism spectrum disorder were significantly more likely to endorse non-suicidal self-injury, relative to men with autism spectrum disorder. A history of non-suicidal self-injury was not related to current depression or emotion dysregulation for the participants with autism spectrum disorder. Non-suicidal self-injury characteristics among the adults with autism spectrum disorder were similar to non-suicidal self-injury in adults without autism spectrum disorder. These preliminary findings highlight the need for increased awareness and further research about non-suicidal self-injury within autism spectrum disorder.
MR IMAGING OF BLADDER DISEASES

The multiplanar and soft-tissue characterization capabilities of MR imaging make it a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging the urinary bladder. This article reviews the techniques used for MR imaging of the bladder, bladder anatomy, and the various MR features of many bladder pathologies.
Evaluating the Utility of MFT Models in the Treatment of Trauma: Implications for Affect Regulation

The purpose of this paper is to discuss polyvagal theory as a theoretical foundation for helping clinicians more effectively treat clients who have experienced major trauma. More specifically, we emphasize that through the use of both modern and post-modern models, marriage and family therapists may use emotion regulation strategies to assist clients in overcoming the negative repercussions of traumatic events. We suggest that the nature of emotional arousal which accompanies trauma alters the physical process by which the body regulates future affective stimuli in ways that are potentially detrimental to human relationships. We then offer a discussion of how a selection of MFT models contain strategies that promote reconnection to self and others that should be utilized with greater precision, ultimately to target the physiological symptoms of trauma-altered emotion regulation processes. Finally, we discuss the need for more specific, process-oriented research that integrates cross-disciplinary theory to contribute to a more intricate and useful understanding of the treatment of trauma in the relational context.
Globalization, without global consciousness

Cet article soutient l'idee que la mondialisation a ete jusqu'a present confisquee par les interets des grandes firmes capitalistes. La principale resistance a cette mondialisation a donne lieu a des manifestations de replis communautaires et fondamentalistes alimentant la these du choc des civilisations. En guise d'alternative, l'A. revisite la philosophie de poete et erudit indien Rabindranath Tagore, pour reconstruire un discours de mondialisation envisageant une dimension humaine universelle et une citoyennete mondiale. L'A. estime que cette attitude doit etre favorisee par une education s'appuyant sur une conscience mondiale. L'A. en appelle egalement a une internationalisation de la sociologie, invitee a sortir de ses cadres restreints nationaux
Concurrent Dynamic Memory Coalescing on GoblinCore-64 Architecture

The majority of modern microprocessors are architected to utilize multi-level data caches as a primary optimization to reduce the latency and increase the perceived bandwidth from an application. The spatial and temporal locality provided by data caches work well in conjunction with applications that access memory in a linear fashion. However, applications that exhibit random or non-deterministic memory access patterns often induce a significant number of data cache misses, thus reducing the natural performance benefit from the data cache. In response to the performance penalties inherently present with non-deterministic applications, we have constructed a unique memory hierarchy within the GoblinCore-64 (GC64) architecture explicitly designed to exploit memory performance from irregular memory access patterns. The GC64 architecture combines a RISC-V-based core coupled with latency-hiding architectural features to a memory hierarchy with Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) devices. In order to cope with the inherent non-determinism of applications and to exploit the packetized interface presented by the HMC device, we develop a methodology and associated implementation of a dynamic memory coalescing unit for the GC64 memory hierarchy that permits us to statistically sample memory requests from non-deterministic applications and coalesce them into the largest possible HMC payload requests. In this work, we present two parallel methodologies and associated implementations for coalescing non-deterministic memory requests into the largest potential HMC request by constructing a binary tree representation of the live memory requests from disparate cores. We present the coalesced HMC memory request results from applications that exhibit linear and non-linear memory request patterns compiled for a RISC-V core in contrast with a traditional memory hierarchy.
Welcome to the Glass Age

Glass is one of the world's most transformative materials. Featuring tremendous versatility and distinctive technical capabilities, glass has been responsible for numerous cultural and scientific advancements from windows to optical fiber. Today, the pace of glass innovation is accelerating, thanks to scientists' deep understanding of glass physics and chemistry, combined with modern analytic and control technologies. We believe that the world has entered the Glass Age. We have an unprecedented opportunity to harness the unique capabilities of glass to solve some of our world's most urgent challenges, such as more effective healthcare, cleaner energy and water, and more efficient communication. Realizing the potential of the Glass Age will require collaboration, resources, and support, but it is an opportunity we cannot afford to waste.
Stimulus-dependent recruitment of lateral inhibition underlies retinal direction selectivity

The dendrites of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) in the mammalian retina are preferentially activated by motion in the centrifugal direction, a property that is important for generating direction selectivity in direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs). A candidate mechanism underlying the centrifugal direction selectivity of SAC dendrites is synaptic inhibition onto SACs. Here we disrupted this inhibition by perturbing distinct sets of GABAergic inputs onto SACs - removing either GABA release or GABA receptors from SACs. We found that lateral inhibition onto Off SACs from non-SAC amacrine cells is required for optimal direction selectivity of the Off pathway. In contrast, lateral inhibition onto On SACs is not necessary for direction selectivity of the On pathway when the moving object is on a homogenous background, but is required when the background is noisy. These results demonstrate that distinct sets of inhibitory mechanisms are recruited to generate direction selectivity under different visual conditions.
Ligand Characteristics Important to Avidity Interactions of Multivalent Nanoparticles

Multivalent interactions involve the engagement of multiple ligand–receptor pairs and are important in synthetic biology as design paradigms for targeted nanoparticles (NPs). However, little is known about the specific ligand parameters important to multivalent interactions. We employed a series of oligonucleotides as ligands conjugated to dendrimers as nanoparticles, and used complementary oligonucleotides on a functionalized SPR surface to measure binding. We compared the effect of ligand affinity to ligand number on the avidity characteristics of functionalized NPs. Changing the ligand affinity, either by changing the temperature of the system or by substitution noncomplementary base pairs into the oligonucleotides, had little effect on multivalent interaction; the overall avidity, number of ligands required for avidity per particle, and the number of particles showing avidity did not significantly change. We then made NP conjugates with the same oligonucleotide using an efficient copper-free click che...
Ground-Penetrating-Radar Characterization and Porosity Evolution of An Upper Pleistocene Oolite-Capped Depositional Cycle, Red Bays, Northwest Andros Island, Great Bahama Bank

Abstract: Linkages among surface sediments, depositional processes, geomorphic forms, stratigraphic architecture, and pore distribution in Bahamian sand bodies and oolite-capped depositional successions have been characterized in recent studies. An understanding of how these parameters, especially porosity, are preserved or modified in the eogenetic environment is essential in bridging the gap between modern and ancient analogs. Two complementary 3D (200 MHz and 400 MHz) ground-penetrating-radar surveys and three shallow cores reveal that the uppermost part of the upper Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e) Lucayan Formation at Red Bays, Andros Island, Great Bahama Bank, comprises a single, 6-m-thick upward-shallowing parasequence. Six radar packages (P1–P6) bounded by radar surfaces (S1–S6) have been identified in the two 3D radar volumes. The stratigraphic succession indicates development of a burrowed backshoal lagoon during early flooding of the bank top followed by deposition of flood-tide-driven, low-angle sheet sands and sigmoidal subaqueous dune deposits as the shelf-margin sand shoal moved bankward as a function of continued sea-level rise. Constructional accommodation on the front of the prograding subaqueous dune in the northwest part of the survey area and erosional accommodation created by downcutting of a shallow tidal channel into the upper part of the subaqueous dune depositional unit in the northeast part of the study area were filled with peloid- and ooid-dominated carbonate sands as sea level stabilized. The uppermost radar package is a thin (0.15 to 0.55 m), partially calichified carbonate sand sheet that mantles the entire survey site and that reflects late highstand and fall of sea level. Exposure of the studied interval to meteoric vadose diagenesis over the past 100,000+ years has resulted in partial stabilization of the largely aragonitic precursor sediment through selective partial dissolution of aragonitic grains (mainly ooid cortical layers, peloids, and mollusk shells) accompanied by precipitation of patchily distributed low-magnesium calcite cement. Core data demonstrate a relationship between stratigraphically controlled sedimentological attributes, diagenesis, and pore distribution. Three distinctive zones of porosity were present upon deposition: a lower zone of relatively high interparticle porosity (21.3% to 33.2%) in the medial part of P1, a low-porosity zone (
Building Smart Learning Analytics System for Smart University

The performed analysis of innovative learning analytics systems clearly shows that in the near future those systems will be actively deployed by academic institutions. The on-going research project described here is focused on in-depth analysis of hierarchical levels of learning analytics and academic analytics, types of data to be collected, main features, and the conceptual design of smart learning analytics for smart university. Our vision is that modern analytics systems should strongly support smart university’s “smartness” levels such as adaptivity, sensing, inferring, anticipation, self-learning, and self-organization. This paper presents the up-to-date research outcomes of a research project on the design and development of smart learning analytics systems for smart universities.
Bacterial pathogens: A spoonful of sugar could be the medicine.

Pili are filamentous bacterial structures that promote adhesion to host cells. It emerges that a small molecule that inhibits this adhesion can prevent colonization of the mouse gut by a pathogenic bacterium. See Letter p.528 Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for 80% of community-acquired and 65% of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTI), which together affect 150 million people annually. UPEC establishes reservoirs in the gut, but the factors involved in this process have remained unknown. Here, Scott Hultgren and colleagues show that both F17-like and type 1 pili promote intestinal colonization and bind to distinct glycans on epithelial cells distributed along colonic crypts. Using the high-affinity mannose analogue, mannoside M4284, which inhibits the adhesive function of type 1 pili, the authors demonstrate that it effectively reduces intestinal colonization of UPEC, while simultaneously treating UTI without significantly disrupting the composition of the gut microbiota. The authors suggest that this selective depletion of intestinal UPEC by mannosides could be used to reduce the occurrence of UTIs.
Female combatants, forced recruitment, and civil conflict outcomes:

Women participated as combatants in almost 40% of civil conflicts that occurred between 1979 and 2009. We offer a novel argument about the effect of female combatants upon the outcomes of the civil...
“Just how risky is it anyway?” The role of risk perception and trust on click-through intention

The prevalence of cybercrimes threatens internet enabled services such as e-commerce, search engines, and social media. This results in individuals having to evaluate the risk of malware before mak...
Piezoresistive thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites with carbon nanostructures

Abstract Piezoresistive strain sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) and human body motion detection applications commonly use polymer nanocomposites based on carbon fillers such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Here, we report on new nanocomposites from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with branched carbon nanotubes (known as carbon nanostructures (CNS)) as well as hybrid fillers (CNS + CNT or CNS + GNP) with superior electrical conductivity. These composites manufactured by melt mixing show also exceptional piezoresistive sensitivity. As an example, at only 2 wt% filler concentration, the TPU/CNS and TPU/CNS/GNP nanocomposites have a gauge factor (GF) up to 28 and 144, respectively, under 50% strain (very low for elastomers), which is currently the highest reported values for TPU composites with carbon nanofillers. This study sheds light on the effects of filler morphological structure on electrical conductivity and piezoresistive sensitivity of polymer nanocomposites, introducing a new strategy to prepare multifunctional polymer nanocomposites with very high piezoresistive sensitivity for SHM and body motion detection applications.
Case 33: Respiratory Distress in the Intensive Care Unit

A 16-year-old boy is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a motor vehicle accident. He has suffered a concussion and contusion of the left lung. He is receiving assisted ventilation via an endotracheal tube (ETT). In the ICU, a hemopneumothorax is diagnosed and a left chest tube is placed. An extensive tracheobronchial toilet is performed, and 200 ml of bloodstained fluid is aspirated. The patient is very restless and is sedated with midazolam, vecuronium, and morphine. After 3 days, an attempt is made to wean him from the ventilator. Unfortunately, he bites on the ETT so that the ETT obstructs. A bite block is inserted, but the patient spits it out. A Fergusson mouth gag is used with good effect as the jaws are kept apart. Further reduction in sedation is now possible; however, a few hours later he suddenly becomes very restless and manages to extubate the ETT himself. The mouth gag is removed. Initially, his respiration is adequate. Within a few hours, however, there is clinical evidence of collapse of the left lung. Chest X-ray shows hyperinflation of the right lung and collapse of the left lung with a possible foreign body lodged in the left main bronchus. At bronchoscopy, a foreign body is removed.
Manufacturing the Will of the People

When in December, 1915, I was reading the numerous telegraphic messages from the provinces urging Mr. Yuan Shih-kai to become emperor, my curiosity was aroused by the fact that while the messages differed from one another both in conception and in execution, there were 40 odd words which occurred together in all of them. These words were:
Independent caudal fin actuation enables high energy extraction and control in two-dimensional fish-like group swimming

We study through numerical simulation the optimal hydrodynamic interactions and basic vorticity control mechanisms for two fish-like bodies swimming in tandem. We show that for a fish swimming in the wake of an upstream fish, using independent pitch control of its caudal fin, in addition to optimized body motion, results in reduction of the energy needed for self-propulsion by more than 50 %, providing a quasi-propulsive efficiency of 90 %, up from 60 % without independent caudal fin control. Such high efficiency is found over a narrow parametric range and is possible only when the caudal fin is allowed to pitch independently from the motion of the main body. We identify the vorticity control mechanisms employed by the body and tail to achieve this remarkable performance through thrust augmentation and destructive interference with the upstream fish-generated vortices. A high sensitivity of the propulsive performance to small variations in caudal fin parameters is found, underlying the importance of accurate flow sensing and feedback control. We further demonstrate that using lateral line-like flow measurements to drive an unscented Kalman filter, the near-field vortices can be localized within 1 % of the body length, and be used with a phase-lock controller to drive the body and tail undulation of a self-propelled fish, moving within the wake of an upstream fish, to stably reach the optimal gait and fully achieve maximum energy extraction.
Functional capacity of the gonadotrophs during pregnancy and the puerperium

Abstract The nature of secretion of gonadotropin during pregnancy and the puerperium was determined by measuring plasma levels of ssubunit luteinizing hormone.(LH) in addition hormone to follicle-stimulating hormobe (FSH). Thirty-seven women received 150 µg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) during the first, second, third trimesters of pregnancy, and at 10 days post partum in lactating and nonlactating women. Thenonlactating subjects were divided into two groups to whether hormonal suppression of lactation was used. Baseline and levels of s-LH and FSH after GnRH were below limits of assay ( 14 days) after term pregnency, and the recovery of FSH secretion occurs earlier and is more consistent than recovery of s-LH (Am. Obstet. Gynecol. 141:658, 1981.)
Influence of mixing and diffusion on moisture content of maize in a feed mill wet bin

To keep up with the increasing demand for grain, proper drying and storage of grain is critical. Increasing the efficiency of these systems has been investigated, but there has been very little focus on the phenomena that occur inside a wet bin. This research investigated the influence of mixing and diffusion on the moisture content of maize as it leaves the wet bin. To determine the effect of mixing and diffusion of maize on moisture contents as it exits the wet bin, moisture content was established and dye and diffusion tests were conducted. The results of showed that the mixing and diffusion of the each load directly affect the moisture content in the unload increments. The moisture content profile was divided into four sections. Section I, the unload increments 1–3 are primarily load A only; Section II, unload increments 4–6 are primarily mixing of only load A and B with increasing of load B effect; Section III, Unload increments 7–11 are primarily mixing of only load B and C with increasing of load C effect; Section IV, unload increments 12–13 is affected by funnel flow and load B in a stagnation zone near the wall boundary slightly increases.
Correction: Facile synthesis of size-tunable tin arsenide nanocrystals.

Correction for ‘Facile synthesis of size-tunable tin arsenide nanocrystals’ by Venkatesham Tallapally et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08101h.
A Multi-Modal Approach to Sensing Human Emotion

We are witnessing a revolution in body area sensing, with applications ranging from biometric-based security to personalized healthcare to sports performance training, among numerous others. The key application driver has been the emergence of wireless and/or contact-free technology for sensing human physiology, motion, and posture. We posit an analogous revolution enabled by advancements in sensing of human emotion. The applications are similarly diverse, spanning social skills education, business intelligence, monitoring of doctor-patient dynamics, and numerous others. This paper explores the sensing foundations necessary to achieve reliable detection and classification of human emotions. The approach combines sensing of speech characteristics, natural language processing, facial landmark monitoring, and machine learning.
OBESITY DOES NOT PREDICT LONG TERM OUTCOMES IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE MITRAL VALVE SURGERY FOR DEGENERATIVE MITRAL VALVE DISEASE

Our aim is to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on short and long term outcomes of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) for patients with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). This is a retrospective analysis of 756 patients who underwent MIVMS for DMVD between January
Clinicopathologic characteristics of NRG1 fusion-positive cancers: A single-institution study.

3129Background: NRG1 rearrangements are oncogenic drivers across several tumor types. Chimeric proteins encoded by NRG1 fusions activate HER3, resulting in heterodimerization with HER2 and activati...
Do Corticosteroid Injections Before or After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Influence the Incidence of Adverse Events? A Subjective Synthesis.

Purpose To determine the influence of corticosteroid injections (CSIs) before or after primary rotator cuff repair (RCR) on the risk of (1) revision RCR, (2) retears, and (3) infections. Methods The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases were queried in accordance with the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. Data pertaining to the use of CSIs before or after primary RCR and adverse events were extracted. A subjective synthesis of these outcomes and bias was performed. Results A total of 10 studies including 240,976 patients were identified; 20.0% received a perioperative CSI. Of the 48,235 patients who received a CSI, 66.2% did so preoperatively whereas 33.8% did so postoperatively. A total of 78 patients received both preoperative and postoperative CSIs. Three studies examined the influence of preoperative CSIs on revision RCR; the incidence ranged from 3.8% to 10.5% with preoperative CSIs and from 3.2% to 3.4% for controls. Two of these studies analyzed outcomes of patients from the same databases over the same period. Five studies examined the influence of postoperative CSI use on retears; the incidence ranged from 5.7% to 19.0% in patients who received postoperative CSIs and from 10.0% to 18.4% for controls. Three studies examined the influence of CSI use on infection; 2 studies examined the risk of infection after postoperative CSI use, which ranged from 0.0% to 6.7% with CSIs and from 0.0% to 0.5% for controls. Conclusions The use of preoperative CSIs could be associated with an increased risk of revision RCR. There were no conclusive data to suggest an increased risk of retear or infection with CSI use based on a subjective synthesis of ranges. There is currently poor-quality literature surrounding this topic. Given that the current literature is limited and heterogeneous, no definitive recommendations can be made on perioperative CSI use for RCR. Level of Evidence Level III, systematic review of Level I and III studies.
A Mixed Methods Study Exploring Older Womens' Attitudes Toward Osteoporosis Medications: Adapting a Health Communication Framework.

Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) can reduce fracture risk for adults with osteoporosis (OP), but they have rare risks, complicating decision making. Guided by an established health decision and co...
Analysis of nursing effect of aerosol inhalation combined with mechanical vibration expectoration in children with viscous pneumonia

Objective To explore the nursing effect of aerosol inhalation combined with mechanical vibration expectoration in children with viscous pneumonia of PICU. Methods Both groups were treated routinely. The control group was given routine artificial knock back expectoration nursing after aerosol inhalation, while the observation group was given mechanical vibration expectoration nursing. Observed nursing effects and satisfaction of the two groups. Results The observation group was superior to the control group in the terms of the amount of nursing, lung X-ray examination, lung auscultation, and PICU hospitalization days (P<0.05). The rate of nursing satisfaction in the observation group was 95.3%, significantly higher than 79.1% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Mechanical vibration expectoration nursing intervention after aerosol inhalation for children with sputum viscous pneumonia in PICU can achieve satisfactory nursing effect and nursing satisfaction. Key words: PICU; Pneumonia; Aerosol inhalation; Mechanical vibration; Expectoration; Nursing
The Economic Progress of American Jewry: An Overview

This chapter tracks the economic status of American Jewry over the past three centuries based on the analyses in previous chapters. It relies on qualitative material in the early period and quantitative data since 1860. The primary focus is on the occupational status of Jewish men and women, compared to non-Jews, with additional analyses of earnings, self-employment, and wealth. The Jews in Colonial America, many of Sephardic origin, disproportionately lived in the east coast seaports and were engaged in international trade and finance. The mid-nineteenth century German Jewish immigrants settled throughout the country; often beginning as itinerant peddlers, they advanced to small businesses, and some to not so small businesses in the retail trade. The Yiddish-speaking Eastern European and Russian Jewish immigrants, who arrived primarily in the four decades starting in 1881, are the ancestors of most contemporary American Jews. Starting in operative, craft and laborer jobs in small scale manufacturing or in retail trade in the northern and midwestern industrial cities, they experienced rapid economic advancement. Over the course of the twentieth century their descendants achieved very impressive improvements in earnings and occupational status, attaining significantly higher levels than those of the non-Jewish white population.
Multimodal spatio-temporal deep learning approach for neonatal postoperative pain assessment.

The current practice for assessing neonatal postoperative pain relies on bedside caregivers. This practice is subjective, inconsistent, slow, and discontinuous. To develop a reliable medical interpretation, several automated approaches have been proposed to enhance the current practice. These approaches are unimodal and focus mainly on assessing neonatal procedural (acute) pain. As pain is a multimodal emotion that is often expressed through multiple modalities, the multimodal assessment of pain is necessary especially in case of postoperative (acute prolonged) pain. Additionally, spatio-temporal analysis is more stable over time and has been proven to be highly effective at minimizing misclassification errors. In this paper, we present a novel multimodal spatio-temporal approach that integrates visual and vocal signals and uses them for assessing neonatal postoperative pain. We conduct comprehensive experiments to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We compare the performance of the multimodal and unimodal postoperative pain assessment, and measure the impact of temporal information integration. The experimental results, on a real-world dataset, show that the proposed multimodal spatio-temporal approach achieves the highest AUC (0.87) and accuracy (79%), which are on average 6.67% and 6.33% higher than unimodal approaches. The results also show that the integration of temporal information markedly improves the performance as compared to the non-temporal approach as it captures changes in the pain dynamic. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach can be used as a viable alternative to manual assessment, which would tread a path toward fully automated pain monitoring in clinical settings, point-of-care testing, and homes.
Behavior of UHPC Column Subjected to Combined Axial and Lateral Loading

Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a versatile building material as it is characterized by very high compressive strengths reaching 200 MPa (30 ksi), ductile tensile characteristics, and energy absorption. Currently, UHPC is commonly used in small structural applications, such as joints and connections between precast structural elements. However, this material is not widely used in structural elements due to the lack of knowledge of the structural behavior and failure mechanism of these elements. There is a great potential for application of UHPC in full structural elements, e.g. highly stressed compression members of high rise buildings, industrial buildings, bridge columns, and members with high durability requirements in aggressive environmental conditions. This study investigated the behavior of UHPC columns subjected to combined axial and lateral loading. A large-scale UHPC column is tested under axial and quasi-static cyclic lateral loading at the Earthquake Engineering Laboratory at the University of Nevada, Reno. The lateral response of these columns is evaluated for damage progression, failure type, peak strength, and displacement and curvature ductility.
Sex differences in a murine model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.

Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the common causes of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in the aging population. Increased amyloid plaque deposition within cerebral blood vessels, specifically the smooth muscle layer, is linked to increased cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and impaired cognition in CAA. Studies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have shown that amyloid plaque pathology is more prevalent in the brains of elderly women (2/3rd of the dementia population) compared with men, however, there is a paucity of studies on sex differences in CAA. The objective of this study was to discern the sexual dichotomies in CAA. We utilized male and female Tg-SwDI mice (mouse model of CAA) at 12–14 months of age for this study. We evaluated sex differences in CMBs, cognitive function and inflammation. Cognition was assessed using Y-maze (spatial working memory) and Fear Conditioning (contextual memory). CMBs were quantified by ex vivo brain MRI scans. Inflammatory cytokines in brain were quantified using ELISA. Our results demonstrated that aging Tg-SwDI female mice had a significantly higher burden of CMBs on MRI as compared to males. Interestingly, these aging Tg-SwDI female mice also had significantly impaired spatial and contextual memory on Y maze and Fear Conditioning respectively. Furthermore, female mice had significantly lower circulating inflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9, and IFN-γ, as compared to males. Our results demonstrate that aging female Tg-SwDI mice are more cognitively impaired and have higher number of CMBs, as compared to males at 12–14 months of age. This may be secondary to reduced levels of neural repair cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-9 and IFN-γ) involved in sex specific inflammatory signaling in CAA.
Stepanov-like Almost Automorphic Functions

The Bochner transform \(f^b:=f^b(t,s),\;t\in \mathbb R,\;s\in [0,1]\) of a function \(f:\mathbb R\to \mathbb X\) is defined by.
The Fall of Marital Family Stability and the Rise of Juvenile Delinquency

In the Spring of 2007, Professor Barry Feld delivered the inaugural Distinguished Lecture of the new Utah Criminal Justice Center at the University of Utah (S.J. Quinney) Law School. In that lecture he suggested (in criticizing LWOP sentences for juveniles), inter alia, that perceptions of juvenile delinquency and of the reasonable of responses to it may be attributed in some part to other factors than the delinquent behavior of youths, and he focused specifically upon racism.This article is one of the invited responses to that lecture. After some preliminary comments about Professor Feld's excellent paper, and noting that the aging of the baby-boom generation may influence social perception of the threat of juvenile crime, this article picks up one part of Professor Feld's theme and develops it in a new direction. It suggests that we may be punishing children for the failings and mistakes of their parents. It notes that fragile family structure and marital family instability are strongly associated with juvenile delinquency. It observes that most family law casebooks and juvenile justice casebooks entirely ignore (at least in their tables of contents and indices) the very powerful connection between juvenile delinquency and fragile family structure and marital disintegration. It presents some of the evidence of such connections, and reviews some of reasons for such connections and for the academic neglect of such connections, including the myth of the founding of the juvenile courts in America. It concludes with a suggestion that programs to promote and strengthen marriages might be a rational response to the problem of juvenile crime, and might be effective to reduce the incidence of juvenile delinquency.
Low-energy theorems for spin-1 Compton scattering

Using analyticity, the classical low-energy theorems are derived for Compton scattering of a spin-1 target. Exploiting the threshold behavior we are also able to derive the quadrupole-moment theorem recently given by Pais.
18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission computed tomography as predictive of response after chemoradiation in oesophageal cancer patients

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a baseline, an interim or a post-chemoradiation (CTRT) 18-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) studies could provide information on pathologic response to CTRT and overall survival (OS). Materials and methods Thirty-one patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus, fit for trimodality therapy were prospectively enrolled. Most were men (93.5%), and had a stage III cancer (74.2%). Chemotherapy consisted of oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (45.2%) and taxane/5-fluorouracil (54.8%). All patients underwent a baseline, an interim (performed 12 ± 2 days after the onset of CTRT) and a post-CTRT 18F-FDG PET/CT study. The 18F-FDG PET/CT variables evaluated were at baseline, interim and post-CTRT studies maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Clinical and 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters were correlated with pathologic complete response (pathCR) and OS. Results Among the 31 patients studied, 61.3% achieved a clinical complete response (cCR) and 87.1% had surgery. The median OS was 35.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.9–NA). PathCR rate was 22.2%. There was only a marginal association between cCR and pathCR ( p = 0.06). None of the other variables was predictive of pathCR. There was association between OS and baseline TLG ( p = 0.03) at the optimal cutoff TLG value of 75.15. Additionally, TLG and ΔTLG post-CTRT were also associated with OS ( p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion None of the PET parameters is predictive of pathCR but TLG at baseline and post-CTRT are prognostic of OS.
Metabolic, Replication and Genomic Category of Systems in Biology, Bioinformatics and Medicine

Metabolic-repair models, or (M,R)-systems were introduced in Relational Biology by Robert Rosen. Subsequently, Rosen represented such (M,R)-systems (or simply MRs)in terms of categories of sets, deliberately selected without any structure other than the discrete topology of sets. Theoreticians of life’s origins postulated that Life on Earth has begun with the simplest possible organism, called the primordial. Mathematicians interested in biology attempted to answer this important question of the minimal living organism by defining the functional relations that would have made life possible in such a minimal system- a grandad and grandma of all living organisms on Earth. Genomic systems are also considered as molecular realizations of (M,R)-system subcatgeories.
Adaptive and robust filtering techniques for ultrasonic flaw detection

An overview is presented of a number of adaptive flaw enhancement techniques based on the statistical properties of the order-statistic operation (e.g. median or minimization) or the group delay of the received ultrasonic signal. Nonlinear statistical-filtering techniques using frequency-diverse observations that utilize these adaptive properties to improve flaw detection are examined. These concepts are also applied to develop an adaptive-correlation receiver. Furthermore, it is shown that the geometric mean of the decorrelated observations yields outputs that are relatively insensitive to critical-processing parameters. Experimental results using stainless steel samples are presented to demonstrate the robust and adaptive nature of the filters. >
"A Foreign Tongue to Unite Us": Book Traveling with Dai Sijie

"Authors like Dai Sijie...help us see how, more and more, members of ["virtual" reading communities] acknowledge and call upon one another by answering the call of an other not with them there and then, an other whose call itself in turn calls for sustained, often sophisticated reading, and first and foremost for a special ability to hear this call over the chasms of geography, politics, and customs." Discusses Dai Sijie's "Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress" ("Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise") and "Mr. Muo's Travelling Couch" ("Le complexe du Di").
Direct observation of η2-imine formation through β-H abstraction between amide ligands. Neutron and X-ray diffraction structure of a dihydride imine ditantalum complex

Reactions of Ta(NMe2)5 with D2SiR′Ph (R′ = Me, Ph) were found to give a dideuteride η2-imine complex (Me2N)3Ta(μ-D)2(μ-N-η2-N,C-CH2NMe)Ta(NMe2)3 (1-d2) through C–H activation of an amide ligand via β-H abstraction, and the structure of 1 was confirmed by single crystal neutron and X-ray diffraction.
A baker's dozen magnitude approximations and their detection statistics

Thirteen linear approximations to the square root of the sum of the squares operation are examined and compared as to their peak error, average error, mean-squared error, and, most importantly, for digital radar signal processing the increase in SNR (over an exact linear detector) needed to maintain a specified PD and PFA.
Images of cell-like spaces

Abstract It is shown that every continuum X with pro-π 1 ( X ) profinite is the continuous image of a cell-like continuum.
Building and destroying students’ ‘academic identities’: the power of discourse in a two‐way immersion classroom

Two‐way immersion is a model for bilingual education designed to help language‐minority students develop additive bilingualism while at the same time offering language‐majority students a chance to learn a second language. There is a great deal of rhetoric around two‐way immersion that claims these programs aim to improve overall equity among diverse groups of learners. The article begins with a brief review of the available research on two‐way immersion education. Then, using Bakhtin’s concept of dialogue and Bourdieu’s and Gee’s ideas of discourse/Discourse, this article takes a close‐up look at the discourse patterns in one second‐grade two‐way immersion classroom in Northern California, with an eye to uncovering how the teacher deliberately attempts to expose students to ‘alternative’ discourses and to lead language‐minority students to construct positive identities as learners. The ultimate question the article attempts to address is whether and to what extent any classroom program can create lasting...