cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Vertical Partial Laryngectomy for T1‐T3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx

Objective: Squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis represents one of the most common malignancies of the head and neck. Although non-operative treatment of these lesions has dominated the last two decades, the use of surgical options, particularly transoral laser microsurgery, has recently seen an increase. Considering this paradigm shift, we seek to revisit the therapeutic role of vertical partial laryngectomy and present our experience with its application for T1-T3 glottic carcinoma.
Kinetics of soybean oil hydrolysis in subcritical water

Abstract A kinetic model was developed for the hydrolysis of soybean oil in subcritical water in the temperature range of 250–300 °C. The empirical model includes reversible hydrolysis reactions for the production of fatty acids from soybean oil and additional reactions for autocatalysis by fatty acid reaction products. The experimental yield of fatty acids over the time course of the batch reactions was compared to the model prediction and the sum of squared errors was minimized to estimate the kinetic parameters. The kinetic model prediction of fatty acid yield displays good agreement with experimental data. The autocatalytic phenomenon was assessed experimentally by addition of fatty acids to initial reaction mixtures to test the robustness of the kinetic model. The model predicts the increase in the fatty acid yields experimentally observed with acid addition.
Ring current effects in Adriamycin-flavin mononucleotide complexation as observed by 1H FT NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The addition of Adriamycin to a solution containing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) resulted in an upfield shift in the signals of the aromatic ring protons H(6,9) and the 8α, 7α methyl protons of FMN. The chemical shift of the H(6,9) and of the 8α and 7α methyl proton signals of FMN decreased from 7.92, 2.56 and 2.46 ppm, respectively, in the absence of Adriamycin to 7.61, 2.42 and 2.36 ppm, respectively, at 3 mM Adriamycin. Concomitant increases in the linewidth of aromatic and methyl proton siqnals of FMN were also observed. Variable temperature studies over the range of 5 to 43° showed an increase in the chemical shift of both the aromatic and aliphatic proton signals with increasing temperatures. These results suggest that FMN and Adriamycin form a complex via ring-ring stacking.
The occurrence of methionine sulfoxide in potato tubers after acid hydrolysis

Amino acid chromatograms of freeze-dried potato powder have shown an unknown peak before the aspartic acid peak. The unknown amino acid derivative has been identified as methionine sulfoxide which is produced during acid hydrolysis of potato powder; it is not a naturally occurring component of potato protein. The presence of methionine sulfoxide after acid hydrolysis should be considered when reporting amino acid data.
Gas Turbine Corrected Parameters Control: Humidity Correction – Sensors Evaluation and Selection

Gas Turbine, GT, control methodology applied to power generation is being evaluated. Corrected parameter control methodology has been adopted for this purpose. This method uses the corrected physical ambient conditions such as pressure, temperature and humidity in controlling the GT operations. Humidity correction becomes increasingly important in this control scheme. The following are the reasons for accurate and robust humidity measurement: (1) Humidity measurement is important to the operation control of the dry low NOX , DLN, combustor system. (2) GT inlet performance enhancing devices, such as evaporative coolers and inlet foggers, depend upon the accurate humidity measurement to determine the amount of water needed for inlet temperature depression. (3) Humidity measurement is used to determine the amount of water to be injected in the combustor for NOX abatement when running on liquid fuel as an alternative to natural gas fuel. In order to obtain accurate and reliable humidity readings, several commercially available humidity sensors were extensively tested and evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment. The sensors were tested for their measurement accuracy, saturation conditions, power interruption and surge, sudden temperature changes and medium air speed. Test ambient temperature ranges from −30 °C to 50 °C. This covers the operating ambient conditions range for the Gas Turbine. The test criterion is that the error in the response of the sensor shall not exceed ±1 °C from the test reference for all the tests conducted on the sensors. The combustion requirements for Dry Low NOX operations and mode transfer dictate this criterion. Also, as a DLN requirement, error in specific humidity shall not exceed 0.904 g/g of air. This test criterion also satisfies the water injection requirements for NOX abatement and inlet performance enhancing devices. The results show that for ±1 °C error in the sensor measurement, the resulting error in NOX calculation is less than 0.2 ppm. The test results show that all sensors except the current one in use have met the test criterion. The current sensor, General Eastern DT-2, has a large measurement error in the order of ±5 °C. Programs have been launched to field test and evaluate these sensors in order to replace the current one.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Stimulus-evoked electrographic patterns in neonates: An abnormal form of reactivity

Stimulus-evoked electrographic patterns are described for 12 neonates, coincident with tactile or painful stimulation. Four newborns had stimulus-evoked electrographic seizures with and without concomitant clinical seizure behaviors. Eight neonates had generalized or focal stimulus-evoked discharges, with or without coincident movements, which did not evolve into electrographic seizures. Nine infants were less than 36 weeks estimated gestational age at the time stimulus-evoked discharges were noted. Eleven neonates were comatose or phamacologically paralyzed at the time the stimulus-evoked patterns were initially noted. All neonates had moderate or severe interictal EEG background abnormalities at the time these patterns were observed. All patients had brain lesions documented by either cranial imaging or neuropathological examinations. Eleven patients died or have significant neurological handicaps. These phenomena represent an abnormal form of cortical reactivity to sensory stimuli in the developing brain. Most neonates with these patterns have significant diffuse or multifocal damage to the neocortex.
Electrophoresis of enzyme--monoclonal antibody complexes: studies of human placental alkaline phosphatase polymorphism

Abstract Enzyme--monoclonal antibody complexes formed between six different monoclonal antibodies and the six phenotypes of human placental alkaline phosphatase [orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1] that represent the homozygous and heterozygous combinations of the three common alleles have been examined by electrophoresis in starch, acrylamide, and agarose gels. Since the complexes formed retain full enzyme activity, they could be detected after gel electrophoresis by an enzyme stain. Distinctive electrophoretic patterns were obtained with each monoclonal antibody. Differential binding of certain of the antibodies with the products of different alleles produces clear discrimination of various homozygous and heterozygous phenotypes. This discrimination parallels the results previously obtained by using a quantitative binding radioimmunoassay. The results show that this general method should prove useful in screening hybridoma fluids for the presence of monoclonal antibodies to specific enzymes; in the detection of allelic variation, even where this is not expressed by electrophoretic differences among the uncomplexed enzymes; and in discriminating between homozygotes and heterozygotes. It could also prove to be a useful tool in the elucidation of the molecular structures of enzyme--monoclonal antibody complexes.
Ibrutinib for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma

Ibrutinib (PCI-32765)--a potent, covalent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), an important kinase in the B-cell receptor signaling pathway--was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The drug was granted accelerated approval based on the findings of an international, multicenter, single-arm phase II study that enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory MCL. In the study, ibrutinib (560 mg daily) was well tolerated as a single agent and resulted in an overall response rate of 68% and an estimated median response duration of 17.5 months. Ibrutinib's response rate and duration of response compare favorably with those for other novel agents approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory MCL, while being less toxic than most chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy regimens. Ibrutinib is currently being studied in combination with chemoimmunotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, and novel agents in both the initial and the relapsed/refractory treatment settings. We review the mechanism of action, preclinical and clinical development, and the role of ibrutinib in the context of other available treatments.
Band Edge Dynamics in CdSe Nanocrystals Observed by Ultrafast Fluorescence Upconversion

Fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy has been performed on high-quality, low size dispersion CdSe nanocrystals synthesized using the CdO precursor with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and hexadecylamine cosurfactants. These measurements reveal that an increase in nanocrystal diameter, from 25 to 60 A, is accompanied by an increase in both the short-lived (τ1) and long-lived (τ2) components of the fluorescence lifetime at the band edge. The increase in τ1 is explained by the decrease in accessible trap sites through a reduction in surface-to-volume ratio. The addition of hexadecylamine as a cosolvent, through interaction with dangling selenium bonds on the nanocrystal surface, is shown to increase τ1 as compared to nanocrystals synthesized only in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. These results indicate that carrier dynamics are preparation dependent.
Foreign Direct Investment in a Recent Entrant to the EU: The Case of the Automotive Industry in Romania

A U.S.-based geographer presents the results of a survey of car and parts manufacturers in Romania with a focus on the role of foreign direct investment in the restructuring of the sector. Using a questionnaire and personal interviews, the author investigates and identifies the main factors attracting foreign automakers to Romania, which experienced a difficult transition after the collapse of the country's command economy and the ensuing loss of automotive exports to the neighboring states of CMEA. The paper covers the development of foreign ownership of vehicle assembly and car parts manufacturing plants, as well as the effects of foreign investment on Romania's national and local economies. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D20, F21, L62. 1 figure, 2 tables, 68 references.
Cephalosporiosis in three caimans.

A fatal diffuse granulomatous pneumonia and focal necrotizing hepatitis were found at necropsy of three 6-month old caimans. Centers of the widely disseminated, discrete lesions in the lungs had a branching fungus with septate hyphae, chlamydospores, and elliptical and cigar-shaped conidia. On culture the fungal organism was identified as Cephalosporium sp. Characteristics of the genus are discussed.
DIATOM COMMUNITIES FROM A DELAWARE SALT MARSH 1,2

SUMMARY Edaphic diatoms were collected from 5 representative habitats of Canary Creek salt marsh, Lewes, Delaware, from 24 July 1969 to 21 July 1970. Of the 104 taxa encountered, 32 had a general distribution on the marsh and 41 were endemic to one of the 5 habitats sampled. Three of the habitats supported stands of grasses: tall Spartina alterniflora Loisel., dwarf S. alterniflora, and Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene; and these habitats possessed the highest species diversity (H') and the greatest number of diatom species. The remaining 2 habitats, a bare bank and a panne, were devoid of macroscopic vegetation. The diatoms of these last 2 habitats were exposed to hypersaline conditions during warmer periods of the year and this was considered a contributing factor to the lower values observed for the aforementioned parameters of community structure. A comprehensive examination of the community structure characterizing the 5 habitats, employing statistical analyses and the distribution of species, showed each habitat to support its own unique and easily recognizable edaphic diatom community. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the differences between the 5 communities were closely related to differences in temperature and elevation between the habitats, and also a result of significant interactions between edaphic diatoms and filamentous algae.
DETECTION OF INCIPIENT FAULTS IN POST-FAULT SYSTEMS SUBJECT TO ADAPTIVE FAULT-TOLERANT CONTROL 1

Abstract This paper is concerned with designing a detection scheme of incipient faults in Post-Fault Systems (PFS) subject to Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control (AFTC). The difficulty lies in the adaptivity of the AFTC that simultaneously counteracts the effect of new incipient faults on system performance. This makes some of conventional fault-detection strategies ineffective. Three existing fault-detection schemes are investigated to find which one is the best tool for detection of incipient faults. It turns out that the Unknown Input Observer (UIO) is the most suitable tool to achieve this tough task where the UIO is designed to decouple the incipient faults from the AFTC such that the residual is sensitive only to the incipient faults. Simulation study is presented using an aircraft example to test the three fault detection approaches. It is verified that the UIO is the most effective tool in detecting incipient faults in PFS subject to AFTC.
Viscoelastic/Damage Modeling of Filament-Wound Spherical Pressure Vessels:

A model of the viscoelastic/damage response of a filament-wound spherical vessel used for long-term pressure containment is developed. The matrix material of the composite system is assumed to be linearly viscoelastic. Internal accumulated damage based upon a quadratic relationship between transverse modulus and maximum circumferential strain is postulated. The resulting nonlinear problem is solved by an iterative routine. The elastic-viscoelastic correspondence is employed to produce, in the Laplace domain, the associated elastic solution for the maximum circumferential strain which is inverted by the method of collocation to yield the time-dependent solution. Results obtained with the model are compared to experimental observations.
Step bunching in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal growth: Phenomenology

We have developed a real-time phase-shifting interferometer capable of imaging interfacial morphology with a depth resolution of approximately 25 A, with a lateral resolution of approximately 0.5 μm across a field of view of 2 x 2 mm 2 , and with time resolution of 0.1 s. The method is applied in situ to the (101) face of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals growing from an aqueous solution. We image the formation and evolution of solution-flow-induced step bunches and determine their characteristic wavelength to be λ c = 45 μm. This wavelength is within the range predicted by a stability theory on the basis of the balance between the diffusion interaction between steps and capillarity. The value of λ c suggests that step-step interactions are the likely major factor for instability.
Symptoms of executive dysfunction are endemic to secondary psychopathy: an examination in criminal offenders and noninstitutionalized young adults

Psychopathy is a heterogeneous personality disorder exhibiting deficits in passive avoidance, emotional processing, and arousal. In a mixed-gender group (N = 293) of undergraduates and prisoners, we examined the relationship of multiple indices of primary and secondary psychopathy to components of executive dysfunction as measured by the Frontal Systems and Behavior Scale (FrSBe; Grace & Malloy, 2001). After controlling for demographic variables, we found strong associations between psychopathy and components of executive dysfunction (Rs = .55 to .70). Primary psychopathy was negatively, whereas secondary psychopathy was positively, predictive of symptoms indicative of executive dysfunction. When indices of primary and secondary psychopathy and indices of executive functioning were jointly included in a factor analysis, a two-factor solution was obtained. Secondary psychopathy and all subscales of the FrSBe loaded on a single factor, whereas indices of primary psychopathy loaded solely on a second factor. These findings underscore the role of prefrontal circuitry in psychopathy, and specifically implicate executive dysfunction in secondary psychopathy.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research-to-Practice through Distance Education.

Through advances in technology, educators will be able to provide school districts with opportunities to present the latest in researcb-based inservice training at minimal costs to individual students. This article will compare factors in the literature associated with successful outcomes in distance education with our experiences providing an inservice teacher education program on attention deficit/hypeactivity (AD/HD). We present the method of a satellite and telephone-based course and the evaluation of this graduate level inservice course.
Influence of Spray Angle on the Pore and Crack Microstructure of Plasma-Sprayed Deposits

To understand the influence of processing parameters on the microstructure of plasma-sprayed deposits, small-angle neutron scattering measurements were made of the processing-parameter-dependent specific surface area of the voids in gray alumina deposits. These studies indicate that the voids are in the form of pores between the splats and around inclusions or unmelted particles, and are also in the form of cracks within the splats which may develop during cooling. The porous volume increases as the angle between the spray gun and the substrate (the spray angle) decreases. This study also indicates that the cracks are preferentially oriented, and that the crack orientation also depends on the spray angle. The interlamellar pores, however, are preferentially oriented parallel to the substrate surface, and the orientation of the pore is independent of the spray angle.
Pervasive genomic recombination of HIV-1 in vivo.

Recombinants of preexisting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains are now circulating globally. To increase our understanding of the importance of these recombinants, we assessed recombination within an individual infected from a single source by studying the linkage patterns of the auxiliary genes of HIV-1 subtype B. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic techniques revealed evidence for recombination from topological incongruence among adjacent genes. Coalescent methods were then used to estimate the in vivo recombination rate. The estimated mean rate of 1.38 × 10 −4 recombination events/adjacent sites/generation is ∼5.5-fold greater than the reported point mutation rate of 2.5 × 10 −5 /site/generation. Recombination was found to be frequent enough to mask evidence for purifying selection by Tajima9s D test. Thus, recombination is a major evolutionary force affecting genetic variation within an HIV-1-infected individual, of the same order of magnitude as point mutational change.
Keeping it "All in the Family:" Does Nepotism in the Hiring Process Really Benefit the Beneficiary?

The purpose of this research was to examine the consequences of being perceived as having benefited from a family connection during the hiring process. One hundred and ninety-seven upper-level undergraduate students reviewed materials describing three candidates for a managerial position. Selection method (merit vs. nepotism) and gender of the person who received the position were manipulated in the materials. Results revealed that not only was nepotism perceived as being less fair than merit-based hiring, but individuals believed to have benefited from a family connection during the hiring process were viewed less favorably than individuals believed to have been hired based on merit.
Copyright Trolls and Presumptively Fair Uses

The “troll” label, long a staple of the patent system, had little connotation and even less application in the copyright context until 2010. That is when the so-called copyright troll emerged to acquire unenforced copyrights being infringed in the digital marketplace. Trolls threaten to chill speech and discourage innovation by exploiting copyright incentives without contributing to the market for creative works. Yet, despite the copyright troll’s conspicuous arrival, little scholarship has discussed how trolls undermine copyright policy goals or potential measures for mitigating the harms they impose.This Article is the first to hone in on the fair use doctrine as copyright law’s internal limitation on the enforcement-only business model. Fair use’s judicial development predates the original United States copyright law and was codified in the 1976 Copyright Act, which neither expanded nor limited the scope of this equitable defense to infringement. The doctrine remains flexible and robust — and well-tailored to raising a presumptive bar to troll-related litigation. After defining the “copyright troll” and documenting its quick rise, this Article argues that, in troll-related litigation, burden shifting is warranted under traditional fair use analysis for three reasons: (1) there is no market harm because the troll has no market other than litigation; (2) the secondary use is for a different purpose and thus transformative; and (3) courts may excuse infringements because enforcement would not support the objectives of copyright law.
A Positive Feedback Loop Regulates the Expression of Polycomb Group Protein BMI1 via WNT Signaling Pathway

Polycomb group protein BMI1 plays an important role in cellular homeostasis by maintaining a balance between proliferation and senescence. It is often overexpressed in cancer cells and is required for self-renewal of stem cells. At present, very little is known about the signaling pathways that regulate the expression of BMI1. Here, we report that BMI1 autoactivates its own promoter via an E-box present in its promoter. We show that BMI1 acts as an activator of the WNT pathway by repressing Dickkopf (DKK) family of WNT inhibitors. BMI1 mediated repression of DKK proteins; in particular, DKK1 led to up-regulation of WNT target c-Myc, which in turn further led to transcriptional autoactivation of BMI1. Thus, a positive feedback loop connected by the WNT signaling pathway regulates BMI1 expression. This positive feedback loop regulating BMI1 expression may be relevant to the role of BMI1 in promoting cancer and maintaining stem cell phenotype.
Erythema multiforme: a practical approach to recent advances.

In this edition of Pediatric Dermatology Samimi and Siegfried report the interesting and provocative case of a 9-year-oldgirlwithhypocomplementemicsystemiclupus erythematosus and severe nephritis. Over an approximate 3-week time span this very ill patient was treated withsevendiAerentagentsincludingintravenousandoral corticosteroids.Within2‐3weeks(andwhileonsteroids) she developed a fever and a widespread eruption involving her face, trunk, and the mucous membranes of her eyes,mouth,andvulva.Intravenouscefuroximewasthen added.Atthattimeadermatologyconsultantsuggesteda diagnosis of bullous lupus erythematosus or Stevens‐ Johnson syndrome (SJS). The skin biopsy favored SJS and a direct immunofluorescence study was negative. Furosemide was discontinued as ‘‘the most likely cause’’ but the disease progressed over the next 2 days. At this pointa4-daycourseofintravenousimmunoglobin(IVIg) (750 mg/kg/day) and the reinstitution of intravenous methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg every 12 hours was begun. Hydroxychloroquine and cefuroxime were discontinued and replaced by vancomycin and cefazidime. Her condition continued to deteriorate for the next 3 days with critical care management including skin debridement, transfusion of blood and albumin, and intubation with mechanical ventilation. Gradual improvement began 4daysafterstartingIVIgandthepatientwasdischarged3 weeks later. There are several important new points regarding severe erythema multiforme (EM) that are illustrated by thiscasereportandotherrecentpublications.Thisarticle will comment on the practical importance for the involved clinician of increased susceptibility to EM in high-risk patient groups (disease predisposition), genetic predisposition, and the role of drugs in causing and treating SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN).
The Role of Pramlintide for Weight Loss

Objective:To evaluate the weight-loss effects of pramlintide.Data Sources:A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1950–October week 4, 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–October 2009), and Evidence Based Medicine Database (1991–2009 week 44) to identify relevant publications. Key words searched included pramlintide, weight loss, obesity, and overweight. Additional data sources were obtained through a bibliographic review of selected articles.Study Selection/Data Extraction:All studies conducted on humans and published in English that examined the effects of pramlintide on body weight as a primary or secondary endpoint were selected for analysis.Data Synthesis:Pramlintide is a human amylin analog approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in conjunction with insulin therapy in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. In addition to its glucoregulatory actions, pramlintide has been shown to increase satiety and, therefore, decrease calorie Intake via a central mechanism. Several ...
Consciousness and the Present

A perennial question in the philosophy of time concerns the relation between the objective “physical time” that features in empirical theories of motion and the subjective “human time” in which our own experiences unfold. This article is about one facet of this broader question: whether the phenomenon of consciousness allows us to make a principled distinction between the present and other times. A number of authors have argued that, without conscious observers, there would be no distinctions of past, present, and future. This paper defends the opposing thesis that there is no interesting connection between consciousness and presentness.
Digital Wiener's filtering in seismic data processing in Trans-Ramos Prospect of Rivers State

The basic objective of seismic processing is to convert the information recorded in the field into 1Aa form that most greatly facilitates geological interpretation. This was carried out in Trans-Ramos Prospect of Rivers State by applying the Wiener's digital filtering to the unprocessed data got from the field. The unprocessed data got from the field operations are fed into automatic computer whose program is written in line with the theory. A filter operator was designed if the observed trace is known to specify the desired signal. In this situation, a filter operator when convolved with the recorded trace would yield an output as close as possible to the desired signal. In this work, the processes of spiking deconvolution, prewhitening, Wiener shaping filter and predictive deconvolution were applied to the unprocessed data for effective processing. The aim of spike deconvolution is to flatten the output spectrum. The actual output from the Wiener filter using optimum delayed spike shows the most possible result. These processes when fully and correctly carried out give room for effective interpretation of the seismic data for oil wells.
Processing and characterization of stable, pH-sensitive layer-by-layer modified colloidal quantum dots.

Quantum Dots (QDs) stabilized with dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) were used as a template for layer-by-layer (LbL) modification to study the effect on the QD optical properties. We studied several different polyelectrolytes to determine that large quantities of monodisperse DHLA-QDs could only be obtained with the weak polyelectrolyte pair of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The key to this success was the development of a two-step method to split the LbL process into adsorption and centrifugation phases, which require different pH solutions for optimum success. Solution pH is highlighted as an important factor to achieve sufficient QD surface coverage and QD recovery during wash cycles. We optimized the process to scale up synthesis by introducing a solvent precipitation step before ultracentrifugation that, when coupled with the correct pH conditions, results in a mean QD recovery of 86–90% after three wash cycles. We found that adsorption of PAH had a negligible effect on t...
3D-Route Planning Based on A* Algorithmand Part Programming

To solve the problem of the huge search space and the long computed time of 3D-Route planning,a new method of 3D-route planning based on A* algorithm and part programming is proposed in this paper,which efficiently prunes the search space and shortens the search time by ascertaining some nodes that are hopeful to be expanded in part programming space of current node and integrating with A* algorithm.Lastly the shortage of part programming is ameliorated by gridding the terrain and appending the depth punish of tree.During the search process,terrain information is fully used,therefore the route generated by the method can avoid bulky terrain obstacle and make use of advantaged terrain.The experiment carried in practice terrain demonstrates that this method can plan a desirable route quickly and efficiently.
The effects of calcium and magnesium in hyperkalemic cardioplegic solutions on myocardial preservation.

Sustained left ventricular pressure development during each infusion of a cold calcium-containing hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution has been observed in rat hearts. The present study was undertaken to relate such contraction (i.e., increase in resting pressure) to myocardial preservation and to the calcium and magnesium contents of a crystalloid hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution. Isolated perfused rat hearts with a left ventricular isovolumic balloon were arrested at 8° C by the fully oxygenated cardioplegic solution infused every 15 minutes for 2 hours. Cardioplegic solutions containing ionized calcium in concentrations of 0, 0.1, or 1.2 mmol/L were each studied with (groups 2, 4, and 6) and without (groups 1, 3, and 5) the addition of magnesium (16 mmol/L). Hearts arrested by the cardioplegic solution with no calcium or magnesium (group 1) developed a pressure (averaged over the second to eighth infusion and expressed as percent prearrest left ventricular pressure) of 6.0% ± 0.4% during cardioplegic infusions. This solution maintained end-arrest myocardial adenosine triphosphate (13.1 ± 1.0 nmol/mg dry weight) and phosphocreatine (21.7 ± 2.8 nmol/mg dry weight) contents near the prearrest contents and preserved left ventricular function at 95% ± 3% of prearrest developed left ventricular pressure at 15 minutes of reperfusion at 37° C. Calcium (groups 3 and 5) increased pressure development during cardioplegic infusions (10.4% ± 0.5% and 15.1% ± 0.9%), depleted adenosine triphosphate (7.2 ± 1.0 and 7.4 ± 0.9) and phosphocreatine (13.3 ± 1.8 and 10.7 ± 1.5), and depressed left ventricular functional recovery (71% ± 1% and 73% ± 3%). Magnesium alone (group 2) decreased pressure development during cardioplegic infusions (3.0% ± 0.3%), maintained adenosine triphosphate (15.6 ± 0.9), augmented phosphocreatine (38.3 ± 1.2), and preserved left ventricular function (99% ± 4%). Magnesium added to calcium (groups 4 and 6) prevented the calcium-induced increased pressure development during cardioplegic infusions (4.0% ± 0.5% and 6.7% ± 0.6%), maintained adenosine triphosphate (13.6 ± 1.4 and 14.9 ± 0.7), augmented phosphocreatine (31.3 ± 1.6 and 32.2 ± 2.4), and ameliorated the depression of functional recovery (82% ± 2% and 86% ± 2%). These data suggest that left ventricular pressure development during arrest contributed to calcium-induced energy depletion and impairment of functional recovery and that these deleterious effects were inhibited by magnesium. The inhibitory effects of magnesium on left ventricular pressure development were rapidly reversed on reperfusion. The data support the addition of magnesium to calcium-containing cardioplegic solutions and perhaps to calcium-free solutions.
Self-Regulation and Sport Psychology: Nurturing an Emerging Symbiosis

This paper attempts to demonstrate the interdependence of research and theorizing on self-regulation and sport psychology. The process of maximizing sport performance was conceptualized as a self-regulatory problem. A five-stage model of self-regulation was presented to show the usefulness of this perspective. In particular, the model of self-regulation applied to this problem indicates that athletes should: specify their goals, establish commitments to change, manage their physical and social environments to facilitate pursuit of goals, execute the components of self-regulation to achieve goals (self-monitor, self-evaluate, self-consequate), and attempt to generalize changes achieved via the development of obsessive-compulsive styles of self-regulation. Recent findings in the self-regulation literature were reviewed to show how this conceptualization should be refined. Several applications in sport psychology were then described. This analysis supports the conclusion that (a) sport psychology provides an...
Personalization of NonEEG-based seizure detection systems

Seizures affect each patient differently, so personalization is a vital part of developing a reliable nonEEG based seizure detection system. This personalization must be done while the patient is undergoing video EEG monitoring in an epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) because seizure detection by EEG is considered to be the ground truth. We propose the use of confidence interval analysis for determining how many seizures must be captured from a patient before we can reliably personalize such a seizure detection system for him/her. Our analysis indicates that 6 to 8 seizures are required. In addition, we create seizure likelihood tables for future use by said system by comparing the number of times a prespecified biosignal activity level is induced by seizure to the total number of occurrences of that level of activity. We focus on complex partial seizures in this paper because they are more difficult to detect than are generalized seizures.
A Research Brief: Assessing the Long Term Impact of a Statewide Nanoscience Education Program

Program evaluation for funded projects typically is undertaken during the award lifetime, and immediately afterward, but only rarely is the enduring impact assessed after an extended period of time has lapsed and project funds have ended. Our ongoing research aims to assess the long term impact of the New Mexico Nanoscience Education Network (NMNEN; 2007-2011).
Sex Differences in the Peripheral Immune System in Patients with Depression

Background: Females are twice as likely as males to experience depression. Recent findings indicate a relationship linking inflammation with depression. Whether the higher prevalence of depression in women is sex-specific or if inflammation contributes to a higher prevalence of depression in females is unclear. Thus, the objective was to determine whether depressed females show higher inflammation compared to males in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred participants were enrolled. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and blood samples were collected from all participants to measure inflammatory blood markers. Results: Higher rates of suicidal thoughts, pessimism, and lassitude measured by the MADRS were seen in depressed females compared with depressed males. Among all inflammatory markers measured, there were no significant differences in depressed males vs. male controls. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-8, interferon-γ and leptin, and decreased levels of IL-5 and adiponectin were observed in depressed females compared to female controls. Compared with depressed males, IL-6 and leptin levels were significantly elevated in depressed females after controlling for body mass index. Correlation analysis revealed that depression severity negatively correlated with IL-12 in males, and positively correlated with IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in females. IL-1β and TNF-α correlated with suicidal thoughts, lassitude, and pessimism in depressed females. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a sex-specific relationship between inflammation and depression, which may be important in identifying potential psychopathology and suggesting novel immunomodulatory treatments for depressed females.
The Motivation to Elaborate in a Relatively Objective Manner

We have now discussed some of the major variables that can affect a person’s ability to scrutinize issue-relevant arguments in a relatively objective manner. Motivational variables are also important in affecting the elaboration likelihood. If a person is highly able to process a message but lacks the requisite motivation, little processing will occur. In this chapter we first discuss three situational variables that exert an important effect on motivation to process—the personal relevance of an issue, personal responsibility for message evaluation, and the number of message sources. Then, we discuss an individual difference variable we have developed that assesses motivation to think—the need for cognition.
Degradation of Aromatic Compounds by Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria

Aromatic compounds are among the more difficult groups of naturally occurring organic compounds to degrade because of the high resonance stability of benzene rings. Some purple nonsulfur bacteria have a well-developed ability to degrade green plant-derived aromatic compounds including a variety of lignin monomers as well as some man-made compounds, including chlorobenzoates and toluene. Peripheral pathways modify these compounds to form a small number of common intermediates that enter pathways leading to ring cleavage. Depending on the compound and the species involved, degradation can occur aerobically under chemoheterotrophic conditions or anaerobically under photoheterotrophic conditions. Two different biochemical strategies, one involving oxygenases and the other involving aromatic ring reduction, take place depending on the availability of oxygen. The best-studied aromatic compound-degrading species, Rhodopseudomonas (Rps.) palustris, has served as a model organism to elucidate a central reductive pathway of benzoate degradation that is used to process most compounds anaerobically. The main features of this pathway appear to apply to other metabolic groups of bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds under anaerobic conditions. These include a novel enzyme, benzoyl-CoA reductase, that relieves the resonance stability of the aromatic ring, and a sequence of β-oxidation-like reactions leading to ring cleavage by a new type of ring cleavage enzyme. The genes for anaerobic benzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation have been located on the sequenced genome of Rps. palustris strain CGA009. A similar gene cluster is present in three other recently sequenced strains of Rhodopseudomonas. The genome sequence of one of the strains, BisB5, revealed that this strain can degrade an expanded set of aromatic compounds converging on and including phenylacetate under photoheterotrophic conditions.
Expression of a putative metacaspase gene from Schizophyllum commune

Apoptosis in animals is regulated by caspases, which cleave key cellular proteins at aspartic acid residues via the histidine and cysteine in their active site regions. Metacaspases, as distant hom...
Deconstructing an infamous extinction crisis: Survival of Partula species on Moorea and Tahiti.

Eleven of eighteen Society Island Partula species endemic to the Windward Island subgroup (Moorea and Tahiti) have been extirpated by an ill-advised biological control program. The conservation status of this critically endangered tree snail radiation is of considerable import, but is clouded by taxonomic uncertainty due to the extensive lack of congruence among species designations, diagnostic morphologies, and molecular markers. Using a combination of museum, captive, and remnant wild snails, we obtained the first high-resolution nuclear genomic perspective of the evolutionary relationships and survival of fourteen Windward Island Partula species, totaling 93 specimens. We analyzed ~1,607-28,194 nuclear genomic loci collected with the double digest restriction-site associated sequencing method. Results from phylogenomic trees, species estimation, and population assignment tests yielded monophyly of the Windward Island subgroup. Within this group, two well-supported clades encompassing five species complexes were recovered. Clade 1 was restricted to Tahiti and contained two species complexes: "P. affinis" (three species) and "P. otaheitana" (five species). Clade 2 occurred on Moorea and on Tahiti and consisted of three species complexes: one Tahitian, "P. clara/P. hyalina"; the other two, "P. taeniata" (three species) and "P. suturalis" (six species), Moorean. Our genomic results largely corroborated previous mitochondrial DNA survival estimates for Moorea and Tahiti, with all five species complexes having members surviving in captivity and/or as remnant wild populations, although the details vary in each case. Continued, proactive conservation and management may yet ensure a phylogenetically representative survival of the fabled Partula species of Moorea and Tahiti.
An Exploratory Study of Customers’ Experiences with their Financial Services’ Customer Education Programs as it Impacts Financial Firm Customer Loyalty

AbstractCustomer education programs are intended to strengthen customer loyalty; however, research on the effect of customer education on customer loyalty remains insufficient. This phenomenologica...
Clockless Dynamic SFQ and Gate With High Input Skew Tolerance

We have introduced a new class of dc-powered Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) logic that uses dynamic (self-resetting) internal states to achieve completely clock-free gate operation and provide high immunity to input data skew. We call it DSFQ (dynamic SFQ) logic. We have successfully designed and tested a 2-input DSFQ and gate and showed its ability to hold dynamically its internal states for over 25 ps while operating at 10 GHz clock frequency. We also demonstrated picosecond-scale dynamics of DSFQ circuit with an on-chip Josephson sampler, with only low-speed interfaces required.
The General from the Local

The General from the Local N . John Habraken The following text is a reedited version of the author's keynote address for the 8th International Forum of the European Association for Architectural Education, Neivcastle upon Tyne, England, April 13, 1983. There used to be a time, not so long ago, when students from developing countries were admitted to western European and North American schools to learn things the western way. Both teachers and students were convinced that this was a good thing to do: developing coun­ tries could best develop by applying the western ways. There was no alternative. We have lost that innocence. On both sides we know now that the issues are much more complex. It is not just a question of transfer of knowledge, skills, and technology from one place where there is plenty to another where more is needed. In developing countries westerniza­ tion is seen as a mixed blessing at best. Among the younger genera­ tions there is a renewed interest in their cultural heritage. They see how local customs and forms dis­ appear rapidly to make place for an image of western affluence, well- being, and power that stands for the state of being developed. Others in the western world share their concern. Is there a way, we have come to ask, to be developed and yet not westernized? At the same time architects from developed countries have become involved. Professional expertise has gone international and much of it has to do with the Third World. Consultants of all kinds come with government aid programs, with commercial projects, and at the request of local authorities. In such contacts clarity and simplicity are sometimes lost. The dilemmas of the Third World architect who returned to his country after a western education are now shared by many of his colleagues in Europe and the United States. It is, however, not only in Third World relationships that the west­ ern architects and architectural educators question their responsi­ bilities and their role. Within the context of the western European tradition itself questions are raised as well. Indeed, one could, with a little effort, advance a plausible argument that we have no business to educate people from other cultures, that we had better first deal with our own problems. I am opposed to that idea of retrenchment for reasons that I will explain, but you may agree with me that we are far removed from the happy times when we felt that we had something indispensable to offer to those who had the misfortune to be born in another part of the world. Of course architectural education in the West cannot ignore the Third World. There are many good reasons of political, economical, ethical, and even philosophical nature to say this. N o t in the least there is the practical expectation that a growing number of western students in architecture will, in the course of their careers, become involved with Third World questions either di­ rectly or indirectly. It will not hurt at all when they can study with Third World colleagues with whom they may work in the future. But I believe that there are other reasons for connecting western Places/Volume I, Number 4
A NEUTRON DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF MYOGLOBIN:II. HYDROGEN-DEUTERIUM BONDING IN THE MAIN CHAIN

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on X-ray diffraction investigations that have yielded atomic structural information on a number of proteins. Myoglobin crystals were prepared by a method developed by Parrish and Kendrew. One large crystal with dimensions 4 × 3 × 2 mm was mounted in a quartz glass tube and immobilized by glass wool. The neutron Fourier map that was used in the analysis discussed below utilized phases calculated from the Kendrew–Watson myoglobin structure. Interactions between side chains themselves are not listed and will be published elsewhere after the completion of the samarium–myoglobin anomalous dispersion study. It is interesting to note that in the alkaline-met myoglobin structure a twist in the helix was observed starting probably in the E9 region.