cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ripening of fruit and vegetables

The terms ripeness and maturity, when applied to fruit and vegetables, are often difficult to define. They relate to the time at which the commodity is in the appropriate state for harvesting and for eating. Although the extremes of under‐ripeness and over‐ripeness are fairly easily defined, exactly when the ripe state is achieved between these two extremes is to some extent subjective and, in the case of a fruit like the tomato, may depend on the degree of sweetness or acidity an individual may find attractive. In fruit during ripening there is a well coordinated series of changes in the composition of the fruit which lead from the unripe to the ripe condition and which give obvious changes in colour, texture, taste and aroma which are readily perceived by the senses. With vegetables, however, there are no obvious changes of this type and maturity is exceedingly difficult to define. However, there are changes in the chemical and physical structure of vegetables during the maturation period and, although these are of a subtle nature, they can affect the quality of the vegetables as food.
Management of patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias.

The patient with recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia with syncope) presents a complex therapeutic problem. To examine this problem, a study was made of 43 consecutive patients with such arrhythmias (mean age 54 years for the 33 men and 43 years for the 10 women). Arrhythmias were not precipitated by either remediable clinical conditions or acute myocardial infarction. The population was divided into two nonrandomized groups based on the type of therapeutic intervention employed. The 26 patients in Group 1 (20 with ventricular fibrillation, 6 with ventricular tachycardia) were subjected to a systematic attempt to select two independently effective antiarrhythmic drugs. Acute drug testing was followed by drug usage over 48 to 72 hours with drug efficacy determined with use of ambulatory monitoring and exercise stress. The 17 patients in Group 2 (10 with ventricular fibrillation, 7 with ventricular tachycardia) received standard antiarrhythmic therapy based on clinical factors and "therapeutic" blood drug concentrations. Twenty-four of 26 patients in Group 1 (92 percent) demonstrated control of arrhythmias and are alive at a mean follow-up period of 17 months. Of 121 drug tests, 47 (39 percent) were effective, 58 (48 percent) were ineffective and 16 (13 percent) provoked major adverse effects. The most effective combination of drugs involved a beta adrenergic blocking agent, a cardiac glycoside and quinldine. Ten of 17 patients in Group 2 (59 percent) have died after a mean follow-up period of 14.8 months. Elements of a successful management program are outlined.
Calcium ion-dependent regulation of uterine smooth muscle thin filaments by caldesmon

Native thin filaments were extracted from rabbit uterus by the procedure of Marston and Smith. The protein content was actin, tropomyosin, and caldesmon in molar ratios of 1:0.2:0.03. Some filamin, myosin, and calcium-binding protein were also present. The thin filaments activated skeletal or smooth muscle myosin magnesium adenosine triphosphatase at least 30-fold. Activation was regulated by Ca 2+ ; maximum observed Ca 2+ sensitivity was >10 times. The thin filaments were dismantled into component proteins by the method of Smith and Marston. Actin and actin-tropomyosin-activated myosin magnesium adenosine triphosphatase, but the activation was not Ca 2+ -regulated. Added caldesmon inhibited adenosine triphosphatase activation by as much as 80%, with 50% inhibition at 1 caldesmon per 50 actin. Caldesmon inhibition was not Ca 2+ dependent, but inhibition could be reversed by further addition of Ca 2+ and calmodulin. It is concluded that the thin filaments of uterine smooth muscle are Ca 2+ regulated and that this regulatory system could be involved in control of uterine smooth muscle contractility. A mechanism for thin filament regulation, mediated by caldesmon, is proposed.
Program Assessment Through Outcomes Analysis: Efficacy of a Comprehensive Supportive Care Team for End-of-Life Care

Addressing end-of-life care issues is difficult in our death-denying society, particularly in the hospital environment, which is characterized by a proliferation of life-sustaining therapy. A hospital model for end-of-life care has been in practice at an urban university hospital since late 1985. Outcomes analysis at the micro-level permitted a demonstration of the practice's effectiveness over time.
The cognitive contents of social-group identity: values, emotions, and relationships

This paper investigates whether persons' cognitive representations of valued group identities differ in content from their representations of their personal identity. The results showed differences between participants' qualitative descriptions of their group identities and their personal identities. Values, emotions, and personal relationships were more often listed in group identity representations than in personal identity representations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better never than late: meeting deadlines in datacenter networks

The soft real-time nature of large scale web applications in today's datacenters, combined with their distributed workflow, leads to deadlines being associated with the datacenter application traffic. A network flow is useful, and contributes to application throughput and operator revenue if, and only if, it completes within its deadline. Today's transport pro- tocols (TCP included), given their Internet origins, are agnostic to such flow deadlines. Instead, they strive to share network resources fairly. We show that this can hurt application performance.Motivated by these observations, and other (previously known) deficiencies of TCP in the datacenter environment, this paper presents the design and implementation of D3, a deadline-aware control protocol that is customized for the datacenter environment. D3 uses explicit rate control to apportion bandwidth according to flow deadlines. Evaluation from a 19-node, two-tier datacenter testbed shows that D3, even without any deadline information, easily outper- forms TCP in terms of short flow latency and burst tolerance. Further, by utilizing deadline information, D3 effectively doubles the peak load that the datacenter network cansupport.
Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences

Genome assemblies rely on the existence of transcript sequence to stitch together contigs, verify assembly of whole genome shotgun reads, and annotate genes. Functional genomics studies also rely on transcript sequence to create expression microarrays or interpret digital tag data produced by methods such as Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). Transcript sequence can be predicted based on reconstruction from overlapping expressed sequence tags (EST) that are obtained by single-pass sequencing of random cDNA clones, but these reconstructions are prone to errors caused by alternative splice forms, transcripts from gene families with related sequences, and expressed pseudogenes. These errors confound genome assembly and annotation. The most useful transcript sequences are derived by complete insert sequencing of clones containing the entire length, or at least the full protein coding sequence (CDS) portion, of the source mRNA. While the bovine genome sequencing initiative is nearing completion, there is currently a paucity of bovine full-CDS mRNA and protein sequence data to support bovine genome assembly and functional genomics studies. Consequently, the production of high-quality bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences will enhance the bovine genome assembly and functional studies of bovine genes and gene products. The goal of this investigation was to identify and characterize the full-CDS sequences of bovine transcripts from clones identified in non-full-length enriched cDNA libraries. In contrast to several recent full-length cDNA investigations, these full-CDS cDNAs were selected, sequenced, and annotated without the benefit of the target organism's genomic sequence, by using comparison of bovine EST sequence to existing human mRNA to identify likely full-CDS clones for full-length insert cDNA (FLIC) sequencing. The predicted bovine protein lengths, 5' UTR lengths, and Kozak consensus sequences from 954 b ovine FLIC sequences (bFLICs; average length 1713 nt, representing 762 distinct loci) are all consistent with previously sequenced mammalian full-length transcripts. In most cases, the bFLICs span the entire CDS of the genes, providing the basis for creating predicted bovine protein sequences to support proteomics and comparative evolutionary research as well as functional genomics and genome annotation. The results demonstrate the utility of the comparative approach in obtaining predicted protein sequences in other species.
A bibliography on nonlinear system identification

The present bibliography represents a comprehensive list of references on nonlinear system identification and its applications in signal processing, communications, and biomedical engineering. An attempt has been made to make this bibliography complete by listing most of the existing references up to the year 2000 and by providing a detailed classification group.
Practical Game Design and Development Pedagogy

Unlike many game development programs, Drexel University's program doesn't reside in one department and so mirrors the true nature of commercial game development. Drexel's Digital Media program offers a game art and production major that instructs students on the fundamental skills of design, art, programming, 3D modeling, animation, audio, and video production and on how to use industry tools such as Maya. The Computer Science department offers a game programming and development concentration focusing on software development skills and offers software courses for prototyping game concepts.
Health Education and Multimedia Learning: Connecting Theory and Practice (Part 2):

Part 1 of this article reviewed the contributions of educational psychology to the early development of health behavior theory and the difficulties faced by health education in adopting some of the perspectives that today guide multimedia learning. Whereas Part 1 involved discussion at the theoretical level, the purpose of Part 2 is to connect theory and practice by describing the most relevant multimedia learning theories and by providing recommendations for developing multimedia health education programs. It also provides practitioners with specific examples of the features that may make computer-based interventions more attractive to their particular audiences.
Evaluating domestic violence support service programs: Waste of time, necessary evil, or opportunity for growth?

article i nfo Available online 12 April 2011 More and more funders of non-profit organizations are mandating that grantees engage in outcome evaluation. Given that this mandate is rarely accompanied by additional funding to devote to such efforts, as well as the limited skills many staff have in conducting outcome evaluation, this has been a significant hardship for human service programs. Domestic violence victim service programs have additional barriers to evaluating service effectiveness, including: (1) each survivor
VIRO: A scalable, robust and namespace independent virtual Id routing for future networks

In this paper we propose VIRO — a novel, virtual identifier (Id) routing paradigm for future networks. The objective is three-fold. First, VIRO directly addresses the challenges faced by the traditional layer-2 technologies such as Ethernet, while retaining its simplicity feature. Second, it provides a uniform convergence layer that integrates and unifies routing and forwarding performed by the traditional layer-2 and layer-3, as prescribed by the traditional local-area/wide-area network dichotomy. Third and perhaps more importantly, VIRO decouples routing from addressing, and thus is namespace-independent. The key idea in our design is to introduce a topology-aware, structured virtual id (vid) space onto which both physical identifiers as well as higher layer addresses/names are mapped. VIRO completely eliminates network-wide flooding in both the data and control planes, and thus is highly scalable and robust. Furthermore, VIRO effectively localizes failures, and possesses built-in mechanisms for fast rerouting and load-balancing.
Association between daily ambulatory activity patterns and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication

Purpose To determine the association between daily ambulatory activity patterns and exercise performance in patients with intermittent claudication. Methods One hundred thirty-three patients limited by intermittent claudication participated in this study. Patients were assessed on their ambulatory activity patterns for 1 week with a small, lightweight step activity monitor attached to the ankle using elastic velcro straps above the lateral malleolus of the right leg. The step activity monitor recorded the number of strides taken on a minute-to-minute basis and the time spent ambulating. Patients also were characterized on ankle-brachial index (ABI), ischemic window (IW) after a treadmill test, as well as initial claudication distance (ICD), and absolute claudication distance (ACD) during treadmill exercise. Results The patient characteristics (mean ± SD) were as follows: ABI=0.71 ± 0.23, IW=0.54 ± 0.72 mm Hg·min·meter −1 , ICD=236 ± 198 meters, and ACD=424 ± 285 meters. The patients took 3366 ± 1694 strides/day, and were active for 272 ± 103 min/day. The cadence for the 30 highest, consecutive minutes of each day (15.1 ± 7.2 strides/min) was correlated with ICD ( r = 0.316, P r = 0.471, P r = 0.290, P r = 0.453, P P P > .05) or with ischemic window ( P > .05). Conclusion Daily ambulatory cadences are associated with severity of intermittent claudication, as measured by ACD and ICD, but not with peripheral hemodynamic measures.
A Highly Parallel Computer for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

We are constructing a highly parallel computer array well suited to the requirements of molecular dynamics simulations of the behavior of large systems of interacting particles. A tightly coupled message passing structure is used based on a specially designed processor with 12 MFLOPS peak performance. High speed synchronous communication over a full permutation network and hardware support for operations important in molecular dynamics codes are also provided. An analysis of this configuration indicates that efficient use can be made of 1000 processors working simultaneously.
Computing and AI for a Sustainable Future

This inaugural article of the AI and Sustainability department sets the stage for articles in the area over the coming months and years. AI and sustainability is a nascent area, and elaborating it's brief history with pointers to recent and notable activities is this article's primary goal, as well as contextualizing AI and sustainability within the larger computing and sustainability movement.
Acute Bipolar Depression: A Review of the Use of Olanzapine/Fluoxetine

Depression is the predominant mood state in patients with bipolar I or II disorder over the course of illness. In spite of this, relatively few pharmacological treatments have been shown to be effective for treating depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder in adults. Combination therapy with olanzapine and fluoxetine (OFC) is approved in the US for the treatment of acute depressive episodes in adults with bipolar I disorder. The short-term efficacy and safety of OFC for the treatment of bipolar depression are supported by results of four randomized, acute-phase studies. OFC has been associated with significantly greater depressive symptom improvement than placebo, and with higher rates of treatment response and remission than placebo and olanzapine monotherapy. OFC has also been shown to improve depressive symptoms to a greater degree than modestly dosed lamotrigine, with similar rates of positive treatment response and remission. Although OFC was generally well tolerated in each of the reviewed studies, clinically significant weight gain, adverse changes in glycemic and lipid profile, and prolactin elevation may complicate both short- and long-term treatment. OFC was not associated with significantly increased risk of treatment-emergent mania in any of the reviewed studies. The broader effectiveness of OFC for the treatment of bipolar depression across clinically relevant subtypes (eg, patients with bipolar II disorder and comorbid substance abuse) and over long-term follow-up are needed. Comparative effectiveness studies of OFC and other available agents are also needed in order to determine its place among other available options for treating acute bipolar depressive episodes.
Two-stage Laser Thermal Processing of Nanoparticle Inks on Flexible Substrates for High Performance Electronics

Zinc oxide is a promising semiconductor film for active devices on flexible substrates, and synthesis routes using nanoparticle inks enable greater variety of applications. We introduce and characterize a two-step transient laser annealing process to create fully densified zinc oxide films from nanoparticle ink precursors. A low temperature sub-millisecond calcining step to remove solvent and organic stabilizing ligands was followed by a high-temperature pulsed laser sintering step to form densified 50-100 nm thin films with resistivities of 10 -1 to 10 -3 Ω-cm. Film microstructures can be varied between crystalline and amorphous without significant film damage by adjusting the fluence of the high-temperature sintering step. These processes would be compatible with a variety of nanoparticle species, deposition methods, and patterning methods, including roll-to-roll processing paradigms.
3 D shape and light source location from depth and reflectance

A methodology for accurate determination of surface normals and light source location from depth and reflectance data is introduced. Estimation of local surface orientation using depth data alone from range finders with standard depth errors can produce significant error, while shape-from-shading using reflectance data alone produces approximate surface orientation results that are highly dependent on the correct initial surface orientation estimates and regularization parameters. Combining these two sources of information gives vastly more accurate surface orientation estimates under general conditions than either one alone, and can also provide better knowledge of local curvature. Novel iterative methods that enforce satisfaction of the image irradiance equation and surface integrability without using regularization are proposed. These iterative methods work when the light source is any finite distance from the object, producing variable incident light orientation over the object. >
Fading Multiple Access Relay Channels: Achievable Rates and Opportunistic Scheduling

The problem of optimal resource allocation is studied for ergodic fading orthogonal multi-access relay channels (MARCs) in which the users (sources) communicate with a destination with the aid of a half-duplex relay that transmits and receives on orthogonal channels. Under the assumption that the instantaneous fading state information is available at all nodes, the maximum sum-rate and the optimal user and relay power allocations (policies) are developed for a decode-and-forward (DF) relay. A known lemma on the sum-rate of two intersecting polymatroids is used to determine the DF sum-rate and the optimal user and relay policies, and to classify fading MARCs into one of three types: (i) partially clustered MARCs in which a user is clustered either with the relay or with the destination, (ii) clustered MARCs in which all users are either proximal to the relay or to the destination, and (iii) arbitrarily clustered MARCs which are a combination of the first two types. Cutset outer bounds are used to show that DF achieves the capacity region for a sub-class of clustered orthogonal MARCs.
A generalized Landweber iteration for ill-conditioned signal restoration

The authors examine a generalized version of Landweber's iteration using spectral filter analysis, which leads them to propose a modification of the iteration to improve its performance in solving ill-conditioned linear systems. The regularization concept is incorporated into the generalized version of Landweber's iteration. Two functions for determining critical parameter values are examined: a generalized cross-validation function and an estimate of the mean-square error between the true and computed solutions. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by presenting a signal restoration example. >
“Respirable” Dust Sampling

This review presents background material and literature documentation to supplement the “Interim Guide for ‘Respirable’ Mass Sampling” prepared by the AIHA Aerosol Technology Committee. If discusses the factors affecting and parameters describing particle deposition and retention in the human respiratory tract and reviews the theoretical and experimental data in the literature. Techniques and equipment used for aerosol sampling and analysis are described and evaluated in terms of realistic hazard evaluation, applicability to field conditions, and ability to satisfy standards and/or performance curves established by the Threshold Limits Committee of ACGIH and the British Medical Research Council (BMRC).
EuCN2 — The First, but Not Quite Unexpected Ternary Rare Earth Metal Cyanamide

Red-orange, transparent single crystals of EuCN2 (Pnma (62), a = 1232.41(9), b = 395.26(3) and c = 539.43(4) pm, Z = 4) are obtained by the reaction of EuN, C and NaN3 in arc-welded Ta ampoules at 1300 K. The first ternary rare earth metal cyanamide is isotypic to α-SrCN2 and shows the characteristic frequencies for the CN22— unit in the optical spectra (νs = 1244; νas = 1969 and 2087; δ = 655 / 666 cm—1).
Palantir: Early Detection of Development Conflicts Arising from Parallel Code Changes

The earlier a conflict is detected, the easier it is to resolve-this is the main precept of workspace awareness. Workspace awareness seeks to provide users with information of relevant ongoing parallel changes occurring in private workspaces, thereby enabling the early detection and resolution of potential conflicts. The key approach is to unobtrusively inform developers of potential conflicts arising because of concurrent changes to the same file and dependency violations in ongoing parallel work. This paper describes our research goals, approach, and implementation of workspace awareness through Palantir and includes a comprehensive evaluation involving two laboratory experiments. We present both quantitative and qualitative results from the experiments, which demonstrate that the use of Palantir, as compared to not using Palantir 1) leads to both earlier detection and earlier resolution of a larger number of conflicts, 2) leaves fewer conflicts unresolved in the code base that was ultimately checked in, and 3) involves reasonable overhead. Furthermore, we report on interesting changes in users' behavior, especially how conflict resolution strategies changed among Palantir users.
Regulation of the Biosynthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic Acid

The synthesis of 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)) requires that when 6,9,12,15,18,21-tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6(n-3)) is produced in the endoplasmic reticulum, it preferentially moves to peroxisomes for one cycle of β-oxidation rather than serving as a substrate for membrane lipid synthesis. Both 24:6(n-3) and its precursor, 9,12,15,18,21-tetracosapentaenoic acid (24:5(n-3)), were poor substrates for acylation into 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-acyl-GPC) by rat liver microsomes. When peroxisomes were incubated with 1-14C- or 3-14C-labeled 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3)), [1-14C]22:6(n-3), [3-14C]24:5(n-3), or [3-14C]24:6(n-3), only small amounts of acid-soluble radioactivity were produced when double bond removal at positions 4 and 5 was required. When microsomes and 1-acyl-GPC were included in incubations, the preferred metabolic fate of acids, with their first double bond at either positions 4 or 5, was to move out of peroxisomes for esterification into the acceptor rather than serving as substrates for continued β-oxidation. When [1-14C]22:6(n-3) or [3-14C]24:6(n-3) was incubated with peroxisomes, 2-trans-4,7,10,13,16,19-22:7 accumulated. The first cycle of 20:5(n-3) β-oxidation proceeds through 2-trans-4,8,11,14,17-20:6 and thus requires both Δ3,5,Δ2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase and 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase. The accumulation of the substrate for 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase, as generated from 22:6(n-3), but not from 20:5(n-3), suggests that this enzyme distinguishes between subtle structural differences. When 22:6(n-3) is produced from 24:6(n-3), its continued degradation is impaired because of low 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity. This slow reaction rate likely contributes to the transport of 22:6(n-3) out of peroxisomes for rapid acylation into 1-acyl-GPC by microsomes.
A Fourier approach to optical shadowing with a transmission electron microscope

SUMMARY Optical shadowing offers the possibility of combining the high resolution of the transmission electron microscope with the study of surface detail, commonly investigated with the scanning electron microscope. Image formation in this mode of operation is treated according to the formalism of Fourier optics, where we consider the objective aperture to be a spatial filter in a coherent imaging system. For a simple specimen it is shown theoretically as well as experimentally that the image appears to be a shadowed representation of the object, when the objective aperture is moved off centre so that half of the zero-order diffraction spot is blocked. A computer model is presented that gives a faithful description of the theoretical and experimental image intensity profile for the simple test specimen. The computer model is then used to predict image profiles for more complicated (or more realistic) specimen profiles. The calculations show that a certain ambiguity arises when one attempts to interpret the optically-shadowed image profiles: it would be difficult to distinguish the three different edge contours based only on their appearance in this mode of operation. As with any other EM technique, then, results obtained with optical shadowing must be compared with the results obtained using the others.
Fuzzy set and cache-based approach for bug triaging

Bug triaging aims to assign a bug to the most appropriate fixer. That task is crucial in reducing time and efforts in a bug fixing process. In this paper, we propose Bugzie, a novel approach for automatic bug triaging based on fuzzy set and cache-based modeling of the bug-fixing expertise of developers. Bugzie considers a software system to have multiple technical aspects, each of which is associated with technical terms. For each technical term, it uses a fuzzy set to represent the developers who are capable/competent of fixing the bugs relevant to the corresponding aspect. The fixing correlation of a developer toward a technical term is represented by his/her membership score toward the corresponding fuzzy set. The score is calculated based on the bug reports that (s)he has fixed, and is updated as the newly fixed bug reports are available. For a new bug report, Bugzie combines the fuzzy sets corresponding to its terms and ranks the developers based on their membership scores toward that combined fuzzy set to find the most capable fixers. Our empirical results show that Bugzie achieves significantly higher accuracy and time efficiency than existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Selenoprotein P and apolipoprotein E receptor-2 interact at the blood-brain barrier and also within the brain to maintain an essential selenium pool that protects against neurodegeneration

Selenoprotein P (Sepp1) and its receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2), account for brain retaining selenium better than other tissues. The primary sources of Sepp1 in plasma and brain are hepatocytes and astrocytes, respectively. ApoER2 is expressed in varying amounts by tissues; within the brain it is expressed primarily by neurons. Knockout of Sepp1 or apoER2 lowers brain selenium from ∼120 to ∼50 ng/g and leads to severe neurodegeneration and death in mild selenium deficiency. Interactions of Sepp1 and apoER2 that protect against this injury have not been characterized. We studied Sepp1, apoER2, and brain selenium in knockout mice. Immunocytochemistry showed that apoER2 mediates Sepp1 uptake at the blood-brain barrier. When Sepp1(-/-) or apoER2(-/-) mice developed severe neurodegeneration caused by mild selenium deficiency, brain selenium was ∼35 ng/g. In extreme selenium deficiency, however, brain selenium of ∼12 ng/g was tolerated when both Sepp1 and apoER2 were intact in the brain. These findings indicate that tandem Sepp1-apoER2 interactions supply selenium for maintenance of brain neurons. One interaction is at the blood-brain barrier, and the other is within the brain. We postulate that Sepp1 inside the blood-brain barrier is taken up by neurons via apoER2, concentrating brain selenium in them.
Prognosis of Gear Failures in DC Starter Motors Using Hidden Markov Models

Diagnosis classifies the present state of operation of the equipment, and prognosis predicts the next state of operation and its remaining useful life. In this paper, a prognosis method for the gear faults in dc machines is presented. The proposed method uses the time-frequency features extracted from the motor current as machine health indicators and predicts the future state of fault severity using hidden Markov models (HMMs). Parameter training of HMMs generally needs huge historical data, which are often not available in the case of electrical machines. Methods for computing the parameters from limited data are presented. The proposed prognosis method uses matching pursuit decomposition for estimating state-transition probabilities and experimental observations for computing state-dependent observation probability distributions. The proposed method is illustrated by examples using data collected from the experimental setup.
Representing syllable information during silent reading: Evidence from eye movements

Two eye movement experiments investigated the nature of the phonological representations used in reading English. Each tested whether sublexical, syllable information is part of that representation. Target words with CV-initial syllables (DE.MAND) or CVC-initial syllables (LAN.TERN) were preceded by primes that exactly matched or mismatched their initial syllable. In Experiment 1, the primes were presented foveally using a fast-priming technique. Target words of both types were read faster when preceded by a three-letter than a two-letter prime, and no effect of matching syllable information was observed. In Experiment 2, primes were presented parafoveally using a preview technique. First fixation durations were shorter on words which were preceded by a matching syllable preview than a mismatching preview. These results indicate that proficient readers do process sublexical, syllable information while reading, which provides evidence for a multi-layered phonological representation. The results of Experime...
Avatars of adipose tissue: the saga of transformation of white fat, the villain into brown fat, the protector. Focus on "Inflammation induced by RAW macrophages suppresses the UCP1 mRNA induction via ERK activation in 10T1/2 adipocytes".

the word “avatar” (aevətar) is derived from the Sanskrit root word “avatāra, ” which means “incarnation,” “manifestation,” “embodiment,” or “transformation” of someone in a different shape or form. Adipose tissue is a depot of fat (triglycerides) that serves as the body's
Licensing and Technology Transfer

Government mandated technology transfers from the developer of a product to a second source offer a potential gain of reduced information rents and procurement costs, even when such transfers are otherwise inefficient. This paper models the tradeoff between information extraction and inefficient transfers in the context of an optimally-designed procurement auction in which an incumbent supplier bids against a potential second-source firm. In the optimal auction, the incumbent firm is given stronger incentives to bid aggressively by transferring technology when the bids from the competing firms are close and the transfer is not otherwise too inefficient.
A Legal Typology for Disaster Response Operations: Public Lawyering in the State of Emergency

Lawyers are increasingly called upon to play an advisory role in emergency operations centers during disasters and emergency operations. Lawyers as advisers navigate three distinct action arenas that often end up in conflict with one another during the exigency of the disaster: service to the executive, administrative procedure and rule expert and upholder of the Constitutional norms and values. This paper ties these three action arenas to Nonet and Selznick’s (1978) legal typology of Repressive, Autonomous and Responsive law, using qualitative empirical evidence gathered in interviews, observations and archival research to demonstrate the ways in which the conflict plays out during high tempo operations. While Nonet and Selznick viewed these typologies as occurring at a societal level and thus occurring as a developmental process for a modern state, this paper shows that at a micro-level these concepts exist in dynamic tension in the legal adviser’s action disaster action arenas.
Integrating Eisner's Arts Education Philosophy into Culinary Arts Education

This paper outlines the life and work of Dr. Elliot W. Eisner, a champion of American education and the inclusion of art in students' lives. Three areas of Dr. Eisner's life are explored, his early formative years, his ideas on curriculum in the United States of America, and his research on the development of arts-based education in schools. The paper recommends several ways to achieve Discipline Based Arts Education (DBAE) in the instruction of culinary arts through the examination of Eisner's educational philosophy and its application in a culinary setting.
Dispersal of a galling sawfly: Implications for studies of insect population dynamics

1. Utilizing population censuses and field experiments we investigated the dispersal behaviour and the role that dispersal plays in the population dynamics of the shoot-galling sawfly Euura lasiolepis. 2. Active, non-directional dispersal occurred out to 8 m, was strongly female biased (88% female) and relatively common (92% of dispersing sawflies). Passive, wind-directed dispersal occurred out to 128 m, was not female biased (56% female, the same sex ratio as emerging sawflies) and relatively rare (8 % of dispersing sawflies). 3. Dispersal was density-independent but increasing density decreased the number of galls per individual initiated by non-dispersers. 4. Life-table analysis was used, including field survivorship and sex ratio data, to model the role dispersal can play in the population dynamics of this sawfly
Prediction of blasting vibration parameter based on rough set with dynamic discretization and support vector machine

Rough set theory(RS) can mine useful information from a large number of data and generate decision rules without prior knowledge.support vector machines(SVM) have good classification performances and good capabilities of fault-tolerance and generalization.To effectively control blasting vibration effect,a prediction model of the blasting vibration parameters based on Rough Sets and Support Vector Machines was established.Particle Swarm algorithm(PS) makes come true the dynamically discrete process of attributes.According to the decision table by the optimal particle,less important attributes and data were reduced,then SVM was trained and established for prediction.The model can analyze the important degree of both quantitative and qualitative factors such as hole diameter and cast direction to peak vibration acceleration value,and the improvement of prediction accuracy is verified by testing data.
Determination of β-phenylethanol in rice wine by HPLC

Objective:To establish a new method for determination of β-phenylethanol in rice wine by HPLC.Methods: The separation was carried on an C18 column by using the mobile phase consisting of CH3OH+H2O(55+45).The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The absorption value was carried out by DAD using the wavelength of ultraviolet detector at 210 nm.Results: The linearity was obtained over the range of 0.5 μg/ml~50 μg/ml,the correlation coefficient was 0.9999,the limit of detection was 0.02 μg/ml,the recoveries of three concentration levels were between 95.2%~96.9% and RSD was less than the reference value 3.0%.Conclusion: This method has good accuracy and precision,wide linear range,good correlation and specificity,which is suitable for the determination of β-phenylethanol in rice wine.
Evolution of Conflict in the Courts of Appeals

Conflicts between the Courts of Appeals are of central importance to the American judiciary. When circuits split, federal law is applied differently in different parts of the country. It has long been known that the existence of a circuit split is the best predictor of Supreme Court review, but data availability has constrained understanding of circuit splits to this fact. In this paper, we explore the “life cycle” of an intercircuit split. We analyze an original dataset that comprises a sample of conflicts between Courts of Appeals that existed between 2005 and 2013, including both conflicts the Supreme Court resolved and conflicts it has not yet resolved. We show how long a conflict exists before it is resolved and how many go unresolved altogether, which conflicts are resolved soonest, and how a conflict grows across circuits.
Tissue concentrations of free amino acids in term human placentas

Five human term placentas were analyzed for total free amino acid concentrations. Calculation of tissue fluid distribution via 14C-inulin space enabled an estimation of placental intracellular amino acid concentrations based upon cord and maternal plasma concentrations. Maximum and minimum estimates for amino acid concentration in intracellular water are given. Data are compared to concentrations in organs of various species. Taurine was present in the highest concentration (3.529 +/- 1.120 mumoles per gram wet weight). Glutamic and aspartic acids, alanine, glycine, and glutamine were all present in concentrations greater than 0.5 mumoles per gram wet weight.
Coprime sampling for system stabilization with FIR multirate controllers

Coprime sampling has in the past found applications in fractional sampling rate alteration, spatial array processing, radar signal processing, system identification, and fractionally spaced channel-equalization. This paper revisits multirate feedback control systems in the context of coprime sampling theory. It is shown in particular that the system from the primary input to the output node can be stabilized with an FIR controller when the feedback rate is higher than the input and output rates. On the other hand, the system from the primary input to the feedback signal node can be stabilized with an FIR controller, whether the feedback rate is higher or lower than the input and output rates. These results hold under a coprimality assumption on certain transfer matrices which arise in the plant description. The assumption is mild in the sense that it is almost always satisfied in practice.
Comparative biology of pain: What invertebrates can tell us about how nociception works

The inability to adequately treat chronic pain is a worldwide health care crisis. Pain has both an emotional and a sensory component, and this latter component, nociception, refers specifically to the detection of damaging or potentially damaging stimuli. Nociception represents a critical interaction between an animal and its environment and exhibits considerable evolutionary conservation across species. Using comparative approaches to understand the basic biology of nociception could promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat pain, and studies of nociception in invertebrates can provide especially useful insights toward this goal. Both vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit segregated sensory pathways for nociceptive and nonnociceptive information, injury-induced sensitization to nociceptive and nonnociceptive stimuli, and even similar antinociceptive modulatory processes. In a number of invertebrate species, the central nervous system is understood in considerable detail, and it is often possible to record from and/or manipulate single identifiable neurons through either molecular genetic or physiological approaches. Invertebrates also provide an opportunity to study nociception in an ethologically relevant context that can provide novel insights into the nature of how injury-inducing stimuli produce persistent changes in behavior. Despite these advantages, invertebrates have been underutilized in nociception research. In this review, findings from invertebrate nociception studies are summarized, and proposals for how research using invertebrates can address questions about the fundamental mechanisms of nociception are presented.
Relinquishing the Root: Snowden, NETmundial, and the IANA Transition

This chapter examines the events that sent a shock wave through the global Internet governance ecosystem, collectively referred to as the “Snowden revelations,” and their aftermath. It presents an overview of the extensive Internet surveillance program of the US National Security Agency (NSA), revealed by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. The chapter highlights the global responses to these revelations in both the global South, such as Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff’s speech at the UN General Assembly, which led to NETmundial, and from the European Union. The chapter also discusses the set of guidelines issued to the global Internet community by the US National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) setting forth the conditions under which they would relinquish the core Internet governance responsibilities known collectively as the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) functions.
R3Au9Pn (R = Y, Gd-Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi): A Link between Cu10Sn3 and Gd14Ag51.

A new series of intermetallic compounds R3Au9Pn (R = Y, Gd–Tm; Pn = Sb, Bi) has been discovered during the explorations of the Au-rich parts of rare-earth-containing ternary systems with p-block elements. The existence of the series is strongly restricted by both geometric and electronic factors. R3Au9Pn compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system with space group P63/m (a = 8.08–8.24 A, c = 8.98–9.08 A). All compounds feature Au-Pn, formally anionic, networks built up by layers of alternating edge-sharing Au@Au6 and Sb@Au6 trigonal antiprisms of overall composition Au6/2Pn connected through additional Au atoms and separated by a triangular cationic substructure formed by R atoms. From a first look, the series appears to be isostructural with recently reported R3Au7Sn3 (a ternary ordered derivative of the Cu10Sn3-structure type), but no example of R3Au9M is known when M is a triel or tetrel element. R3Au9Pn also contains Au@Au6Au2R3 fully capped trigonal prisms, which are found to be isostructur...
Tudor Shakespeare: Taking the Long View

Tudor literature, especially texts written between 1530 and 1580, has been understudied by scholars. But Shakespeare was born and came of age in Tudor England, and his work is influenced by the drama and politics of this period. Reading Tudor drama alongside Shakespearean drama helps us better examine the way that various ideas and dramatic techniques developed across the 16th century. Attention to Tudor drama and its relationship to Shakespeare helps us rethink scholarly periodization and the social, religious, and theatrical changes and continuities of the long 16th century.
PPAR gamma treatment promotes lipid accumulation, decreases cyclin D1, and reduces in vivo growth of adenoid cystic cancer

2295 Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an epithelially derived salivary gland malignancy which is most often fatal over a decade or greater because of a phenotype characterized by neurotropic growth and blood borne metastasis. Because of its slow growth and radiochemoresistant phenotype, differentiation therapy may be a very good option. PPAR gamma activators are a class of drugs that differentiate certain types of malignancies and are being investigated currently in clinical chemoprevention. Recent studies have implicated upregulation of cyclin D1 as a characteristic of these tumor cells in tissue specimens. In the present study we investigated effects of PPAR gamma activators on the growth of human adenoid cystic ACC-3 cells in nude mice as well as possible adipose phenotype transdifferentiation events in vitro. We performed RT-PCR for fat differentiation markers including FABP 4, Adipsin, and PPAR Gamma and quantitated Oil red O staining. After one week of treatment with 10 uM pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or ciglitazone, Oil red O levels were increased 6-90 fold in treated cells over controls (P
Rethinking concepts, concerns, and collaboration in interorganizational relationships

Because increased attention is being given to the problems and possibilities associated with interdependence among organizations and sectors in theory and practice, this introduction to the symposium emphasizes the importance of a rethinking of concepts, concerns, and strategies for interorganizational and intersectorial relationships. Described are the major themes of seven articles in the symposium which address issues of accountability in contracting, the validity of the three sector model, loss of organizational identity by nonprofits, virtual organizations, subversion of values in urban development policymaking, motivation in environmental networks, and deliberation in nonprofit organizations.
Ultrasound evaluation of stress injuries and physiological adaptations in the fingers of adolescent competitive rock climbers

The impact of high-intensity, repetitive training on the fingers of adolescent climbers is relatively unknown. To evaluate this effect by ultrasound (US) and to confirm some findings by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The US study was performed in 20 adolescent rock climbers (ages 10–17 years) and 6 non-climbing controls (ages 11–15 years). US was used to examine the third digit of the right hand for differences in thickness of soft tissue, flexor and extensor tendon, volar plate and bony and growth plate adaptations. In four climbers with finger deformity or pain, 3-T MR images were compared with US findings. Number of hours/week and years of climbing were used to group climbers in three levels (3=most intense training). Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. Compared with non-climbing controls, climbers demonstrated significantly thicker flexor tendons, volar plates and soft tissues. Joint effusions were found in 13/19 (68%) climbers. Significant phalangeal malalignment was seen in 10/19 (53%) climbers. Growth plate deformities were identified in three level 3 climbers. US findings correlated with MRI for effusions, phalangeal growth plate injury, malalignment and adaptive changes. MRI additional showed capsule rupture (n=1), stress fracture (n=1) and phalangeal physeal stress injury (n=1). Competitive rock climbing results in physiological adaptations in the fingers, an example being significant soft-tissue hypertrophy of the flexor. US demonstrated several non-physiological changes in response to repetitive stress in half of the climbers. MRI showed additional stress injuries to the growth plate, joints and bone.