cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drugs that target serotonergic receptors

Of the neurotransmitter substances characterized to date, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine-5-HT) is perhaps one of the most extensively studied. Initial reports of its actions on smooth muscle appeared more than 50 years ago and it is now known to have widespread peripheral and central physiologic actions. In the periphery, the amine is released from platelets to activate clotting cascades and blood vessel constriction; in the gastrointestinal tract it inhibits gastric acid production and stimulates the contractions of smooth muscle [1]. In the central nervous system, 5HT is known to regulate or influence such diverse processes as activity patterns and circadian rhythm, food intake, sleep-wake cycles, aggressive behaviors, locomotion, thermoregulation, nociception, and sexual activity [2].
Upgrading of silicon spheres using an airjet grinder [solar cell fabrication]

The Spheral Solar technology involves upgrading of inexpensive metallurgical grade silicon by rounding chunks of raw feedstock material into spheres about 1 mm in diameter and then subjecting the spheres to sequential melt/removal cycles. In each melt/removal cycle, impurities are segregated to the surface of the sphere due to directional solidification and slagging, and then this surface layer is removed. An airjet grind removal method used to produce 10% efficient solar cells is described in this paper, together with structural information, supportive data and discussion regarding optimal removal strategies. >
Long-Term Use of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Does Not Lead to Changes in Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Background: Adjunctive subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) with scaling and root planing leads to improved clinical parameters of adult periodontitis, but has raised questions about potential changes in antibiotic susceptibility of the host microflora. Our four studies assessed whether long-term SDD changes antibiotic susceptibility of the oral microflora in adults with periodontitis. Methods: In studies 1 and 2, adult patients with periodontitis were randomized to receive SDD 10 mg qd, 20 mg qd, 20 mg bid, or placebo. In study 3, patients were randomized to receive SDD 20 mg bid or placebo. No medication was administered in study 4, a follow-up to study 3. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline (all studies) and at 12, 15 to 18, and 24 months (study 1); 12, 18, and 27 months (study 2); 3, 6, and 9 months (study 3); and 3 months post-study 3 (study 4). Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria was assessed by: 1) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels (studies 1 and 2); 2...
Constitutive expression of full-length c-Myb transforms avian cells characteristic of both the monocytic and granulocytic lineages

Both viral Myb (v-Myb) and cellular Myb (c-Myb) are nuclear sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that can function as transcriptional activators. v-Myb, encoded by avian myeloblastosis virus, induces acute monoblastic leukemia in chickens and transforms avian myelomonocytic cells in culture. The normal c-Myb protein is essential for hematopoietic development. Previous reports suggested that truncation of c-Myb is required for oncogenic transformation of avian myelomonocytic cells in culture. In this study, we demonstrate that constitutive expression of full-length c-Myb can transform avian myelomonocytic cells isolated from embryonic yolk sacs by using a strategy to enhance the efficiency of infection and/or expression of c-myb-containing viruses. c-Myb-transformed myelomonocytic cells display a different phenotype than cells transformed by v-MybAMV or other Myb mutants. c-Myb-transformed yolk sac cells are heterogeneous populations with characteristics of both the macrophage and granulocyte lineages. Our results demonstrate that constitutive expression of full-length c-Myb is sufficient to activate its oncogenic potential, but that the target cells for c-Myb are relatively rare and presumably quite immature.
145 Biological Effects of Calreticulin on Wound Repair

Calreticulin (CRT) is a major classic Ca-binding chaperone protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. Recently, CRT has been recognized to have widespread extracellular effects as well. In the current study we show that CRT increases both epithelial migration and granulation tissue formation in models of porcine and murine wound repair. Partial thickness wounds were created on the paravertebral area of pigs (n = 4) and 0.1% and 0.5% CRT, and PDGF (positive control) applied for 4 consecutive days. In wounds harvested at 5 days, CRT induced a 28 and 22% greater extent of reepithelialization than PDGF and Tris/Ca buffer control, respectively (% healed = 56/CRT; 40.5/PDGF; 44/control). In addition, CRT stimulated earlier granulation tissue formation in a dose-dependent manner (cumulative dermal depth, microns: 1615/CRT; 1250/PDGF; 1325/control). A similar granulation tissue inducing effect of CRT was also observed in a steroid-impaired pig model. As a diabetic model of wound repair, two 5 mm circular full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of db/db mice; the wounds were splinted open with silicone rings and covered with occlusive dressing (n = 24). After 5 days of treatment with 0.1, 0.5, and 5% CRT, a dose-dependent 8-, 4.5-, and 2-fold increase in granulation tissue formation was observed (p < 0.05). However, there was no apparent effect on wound closure. Tissue sections showed a highly cellular dermis in the CRT treated wounds. In addition, CRT (50 pg/ml) stimulated wound closure in a scratch plate assay using fibroblasts by 45%, in 48 hrs, compared to 2% for the control. Therefore, CRT may be a novel agent for wound healing by acting as a chemoattractant for cells involved in wound remodeling and in epithelial migration. Suppported by Calretex, LLC. NJ, USA (LIG) and the Alumni Fund, Alumni Association Downstate College of Medicine (MJC).
Information Technology Impact on Process Output and Quality

Our work represents one of the first attempts to assess the impact of IT information technology on both process output and quality. We examine the optical character recognition and barcode sorting technologies in the mail sorting process at the United States Postal Service. Our analysis is at the application level, and thus does not involve the aggregation of IT impact over multiple processes. We use data from 46 mail processing centers over 3 years to study the IT impact. We also use a set of factors in our model to account for differences in input characteristics. Our results show that mail sorting output significantly increases with higher use of IT. In addition, IT improves quality which in turn enhances output. We also find that input characteristics exert considerable influence in determining the output and quality of the mail sorting operation. For example, while absenteeism tends to decrease output and quality due to its disruptive consequences, a higher fraction of barcoded mail seems to enhance both performance measures.
Establishing Optimal Requirements for Content Validity: A Work in Progress

The paper written by the ISPOR’s Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Task Force, “Use of Existing PRO Instruments and their Modification: Good Research Practices for Evaluating and Documenting Content Validity,” is both an extremely important and timely contribution to the literature. Demonstrating the content validity of a PRO measure to the satisfaction of the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) Study Endpoint and Label Development (SEALD) team appears to be the most common stumbling block when requesting that such a measure be allowed to support drug approvals or label claims. As such, even instruments that are well accepted by clinicians and researchers in a given therapeutic area, have been used successfully in previous clinical trials with the same or very similar patient populations, and are supported by a wealth of quantitative evidence, have not been deemed acceptable. This perception is based not only on my own experiences, but also on those of colleagues across various
A DC model for fully-depleted SOI MOSFETs

An alternative approach for the calculation of the threshold voltage of an SOI MOSFET, taking into account the potential drop in the silicon substrate, is proposed. The approach is extended to short channel devices and improves the predictions of the characteristics of a fully-depleted SOI MOSFET. The current-voltage characteristics are derived by including substrate effect, mobility degradation and channel length modulation in the current saturation region. The theoretical predictions of the model agree with the experimental data available in the literature.
Influence of Heat-Stretching Treatment on Structure and Properties of Bico MB Nonwoven Webs

Heat stretching treatment (HST) to side-by-side bicomponent meltblown webs has been carried out on the Stretch Consolidation Pilot Line at the UTK-TANDEC Demonstration Laboratory, to examine the influence of HST on the web structure and properties. The results showed that the fibers aligned preferentially along machine direction after the treatment. Changes in the web structure and properties were studied, including basis weight, thickness, air permeability, tensile strength, bending stiffness, as well as extension recovery (%) from the strain of 50% elongation-to-break, etc. No fiber splitting was observed, which indicated that HST did not result in fiber splitting in the bicomponent meltblown webs as desired.
Econometric Models of Insurance under Asymmetric Information

The paper surveys recent empirical studies that test for or evaluate the importance of asymmetric information in insurance relationships. I first discus the main conclusions reached by insurance theory in both a static and a dynamic framework. A particular emphasis is put on the testable consequences that can be derived from existing models. I review several studies exploiting these theoretical insights in a static context. Then I briefly consider the dynamic aspects.
Romanized Arabic Transliteration

In the early 1990’s, online communication was restricted to ASCII (English) only environments. A convention evolved for typing Arabic in Roman characters, this scripting took various names including: Franco Arabic, Romanized Arabic, Arabizi, Arabish, etc… The convention was widely adopted and today, romanized Arabic (RAr) is everywhere: In instant messaging, forums, blog postings, product and movie ads, on mobile phones and on TV! The problem is that the majority of Arab users are more used to the English keyboard layout, and while romanized Arabic is easier to type, Arabic is significantly easier to read, the obvious solution was automatic conversion of romanized Arabic to Arabic script, which would also lead to increasing the amount and quality of authored Arabic online content. The main challenges are that no standard convention of Romanized Arabic (many  1 mappings) is available and there are no parallel data available. We present here a hybrid approach that we devised and implemented to build a romanized Arabic transliteration engine that was later on scaled to cover other scripts. Our approach leverages the work done by Sherif and Kondrak’s (2007b) and Cherry and Suzuki (2009), and is heavily inspired by the basic phrase-based statistical machine translation approach devised by (Och, 2003).
Strain-Dependent Acceleration of a Paradigmatic SN2 Reaction Accurately Predicted by the Force Formalism

Experiment and theory suggest that the effect of strain on the kinetics of SN2 reactions is predicted accurately within the force formalism using a single structural parameter, the difference of the nonbonding separation of two atoms bound to the electrophilic atom in the ground and transition states of the corresponding strain-free reaction. We show that the difference of the H3C···OMs distance in EtOMs (Ms: SO2Me) and that in the corresponding transition state of its hydrolysis, H2O···(Me)CH2···OMs, calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd) level with the SMD solvent model accurately predicts the measured lowering of the free energy of activation across a series of increasingly strained macrocyclic sulfonates. The equivalent distance H2C···S in EtSSEt also accurately predicts the previously reported kinetics of thiol/disulfide exchange in strained disulfides. The elongation of the scissile C−O or S−S bond yields qualitatively incorrect predictions. The results are consistent with the established structu...
Electronic and Structural Requisites for Catalytic Activity in Copper-Ruthenium Catalysts

A system made by combining two non-alloying metals, ruthenium and copper, using alumina as a support was studied. This bimetallic supported catalyst has been used mainly in hydrogenolysis, dehydrogenation and oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons. The samples were characterized by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometry (EPR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). These two molecular techniques are ideal for studying the electronic and structural changes of the samples at different temperatures and concentrations. Catalytic reactions were performed using the catalyst in the reduced and non-reduced forms on a series of catalytic hydrogenations. A correlation between the electronic, structural and catalytic properties has been made. A correlation of catalytic process to molecular phenomena has yield a better understanding of the catalytic site.
Adolescent rats fail to demonstrate a LiCl-induced pre-exposure effect: Implications for the balance of drug reward and aversion in adolescence

Adolescents display weaker taste avoidance induced by both abused and non-abused drugs than adults. Drug history attenuates avoidance learning in adults (the drug pre-exposure effect), but little is known about this phenomenon in adolescents. Given that the weaker taste avoidance in adolescence is thought to be a function of their relative insensitivity to the drug's aversive effects, it might be expected that the drug pre-exposure effect would be weaker in adolescents given that for some drugs this effect is mediated by associative blocking that depends on the association of environmental cues with the drug's aversive effects. To address this, in the present studies male adolescent (Experiment 1) and adult (Experiment 2) rats were given five spaced injections of LiCl prior to subsequent taste avoidance conditioning with LiCl. Consistent with past reports, adolescents displayed weaker taste avoidance than adults. While adults displayed attenuated LiCl-induced taste avoidance following LiCl pre-exposure, adolescents showed no evidence of this pre-exposure. This work is consistent with the view that adolescents are relatively insensitive to the aversive effects of drugs, an insensitivity potentially important in subsequent intake of drugs of abuse given that such intake is a function of the balance of their rewarding and aversive effects.
Migraine Variants or Episodic Syndromes That May Be Associated With Migraine and Other Unusual Pediatric Headache Syndromes

Purpose To provide an overview of the clinical course for children and adolescents with migraine variants (M.V.), childhood periodic syndromes or the episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine using the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition Beta version [ICHD-3] International Headache Society criteria for the diagnosis of each disorder. Method Migraine is a complex set of neurological symptoms. This review encompasses the subtypes of M.V. or episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine within the children and adolescent population. Conclusion The episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine or migraine variant is multilayered neurological disorder in young children and adolescents. Within the these generally pediatric syndromes there are associated disorders described in this review, to provide a clinical overview and including the less common forms of migraine, such as acute confusional migraine, trauma-triggered migraine, and transient global amnesia.
Influence of thiols on inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis in vitro by a 1-nitro-9-aminoalkylacridine derivative, C-283.

1-Nitro-9,3- N,N -dimethylaminopropylaminoacridine (C-283) is of pharmacological interest as a potent inhibitor of tumor growth and RNA synthesis in vivo . Its effect on RNA synthesis directed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is strongly influenced by sulfhydryl compounds. Its maximal inhibitory effect requires simultaneous mixing of a sulfhydryl compound, such as mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, or α-thioglycerol, with DNA and drug at pH 8.0 prior to addition of the enzyme. Very slight inhibition was observed with the nitroacridine in the absence of a thiol. The influence of sulfhydryl compounds has been ascribed to reaction of the template with the 1-nitro group of the dye. Among the DNA-interacting dyes so far investigated, only 1-nitro analogues of C-283 enhance inhibition in the presence of sulfhydryl compounds. There are indications that the metabolite rather than the nitroacridine itself is responsible for the inhibitory effect in vivo .
Applicability of American Management

The Indian Government as well as the business community has realized the importance of advanced management know-how in our economic and industrial efforts. The awareness and actions taken so far are reflected by several factors discussed in Chapter 3.
On the graph control Lyapunov function for stabilization of discrete-time switched linear systems

The goal of this paper is to study switching stabilization problems for discrete-time switched linear systems (SLSs). To analyze the switching stabilizability, we introduce the notion of graph control Lyapunov functions (GCLFs). The GCLF is a set of Lyapunov functions which satisfy several Lyapunov inequalities associated with a weighted directed graph (digraph). Each Lyapunov function represents each node in the digraph, and each Lyapunov inequality represents edges connecting a node and its out-neighbors. The weight of each directed edge indicates the decent rate of the Lyapunov functions from the tail to the head of the edge. The GCLF is an extension of the graph Lyapunov function for stability analysis of SLSs to switching stabilization problems, and unifies several control Lyapunov functions in a single framework. In this paper, we proposed a GCLF theorem, which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for switching stabilizability and develop computational algorithms to the stabilizability.
Industrialization in Taiwan and Korea

In the postwar period, both Taiwan and South Korea were able to successfully integrate into the world capitalist economy while experiencing growth with equity (Li 1988: 53; and Amsden 1989: 38 (quoting the World Bank)). They both increased productivity and industrial output and achieved soaring exports, low debt levels, and stable prices alongside dramatically increasing real incomes (in Taiwan, for example, per capita consumption increased 400 per cent between 1952 and 1986 (Li 1988: 52)). In a view widely held among development agencies (USAID, World Bank, IMF) and analysts, primarily economists, Taiwan and South Korea’s examples demonstrated the correct industrialization policies for all less-developed and former socialist nations. These agencies claimed that here were models that demonstrated the bright future of capitalist development throughout the less-developed world.
Repairing Disengagement in Collaborative Dialogue for Game-Based Learning

Successfully promoting engagement within learning environments is a subject of increasing attention within the AI in Education community. Evidence is mounting that game-based learning environments hold great potential to engage students, but disengaged behavior is still observed. Devising adaptive strategies to re-engage students in the learning task is a key open research question. Toward that end, this paper examines the collaborative behavior of pairs of middle school students solving game-based computer science problems. We examine the dialogue moves that were used by a more engaged learner to repair a partner’s disengagement and consider the implications that these strategies may have for designing collaborative game-based learning environments.
A novel approach using flexible scheduling and aggregation to optimize demand response in the developing interactive grid market architecture

Abstract With the increasing presence of intermittent renewable energy generation sources, variable control over loads and energy storage devices on the grid become even more important to maintain this balance. Increasing renewable energy penetration depends on both technical and economic factors. Distribution system consumers can contribute to grid stability by controlling residential electrical device power consumed by water heaters and battery storage systems. Coupled with dynamic supply pricing strategies, a comprehensive system for demand response (DR) exist. Proper DR management will allow greater integration of renewable energy sources partially replacing energy demand currently met by the combustion of fossil-fuels. An enticing economic framework providing increased value to consumers compensates them for reduced control of devices placed under a DR aggregator. Much work has already been done to develop more effective ways to implement DR control systems. Utilizing an integrated approach that combines consumer requirements into aggregate pools, and provides a dynamic response to market and grid conditions, we have developed a mathematical model that can quantify control parameters for optimum demand response and decide which resources to switch and when. In this model, optimization is achieved as a function of cost savings vs. customer comfort using mathematical market analysis. Two market modeling approaches—the Cournot and SFE—are presented and compared. A quadratic function is used for presenting the cost function of each DRA (Demand Response Aggregator) which will be used for settling down the DR market. Contribution of each aggregator and the final price are presented. Finally, we have also performed sensitivity analysis on the house cost function’s coefficients for one of the aggregators.
Time domain analysis of coupled-waveguides with modal degeneracies and gain

We report a time domain analysis of a new type of amplification regime when gain mechanism is present in a periodic coupled-waveguide whose modes can develop a special degeneracy condition called degenerate band edge (DBE). The slow-wave phenomena observed in such coupled-waveguides with DBE and gain would lead to giant amplification. This regime of amplification can be realized in a variety of waveguide configurations operating from microwaves to optical frequencies. Our preliminary results demonstrate enhanced performance of DBE-based amplifiers compared to their conventional counterparts. Especially, we show a particular example of giant amplification in a slow-wave structure interacting with an electron beam, and report results pertinent to pulse propagating and amplification.
Does Availability of Worksite Supports for Physical Activity Differ by Industry and Occupation

Purpose:To explore combinations of worksite supports (WSS) for physical activity (PA) that may assist employees in meeting PA recommendations and to investigate how availability of WSS differs acro...
Review: The Use of Equivalent Source Method in Computational Acoustics

This paper reviews the equivalent source method (ESM), an attractive alternative to the standard boundary element method (BEM). The ESM has been developed under different names: method of fundamental solutions, wave superposition method, equivalent source method, etc. However, regardless of the method name, the basic concept is very similar; that is to use auxiliary points called equivalent sources to reconstruct the acoustic pressure for radiation or scattering problems. The strength of the equivalent sources are then determined via various approaches such that the boundary conditions on the boundary surface are satisfied. This paper reviews several frequency-domain and time-domain ESMs. There are several distinct advantages in these types of methods: (1) the method is a meshless approach so that it is easy and simple to implement; (2) it does not have a numerical singularity problem that occurs in the BEM; (3) the number of equivalent sources can be fewer than the number of surface collocation points so that the matrix size is reduced and a fast computation is achieved for large problems. The main issue of the ESM is that there is no rule to find out the optimal number and position of equivalent sources. In addition, the ESM suffers from the numerical instability that is associated with the ill-conditioned matrix. Some guidelines have been suggested in terms of finding the number and position of the sources, and several numerical techniques have been developed to resolve the numerical instability. This paper reviews the common theories, numerical issues and challenges of the ESM, and it summarizes recent developments and applications of the ESM to aircraft noise.
Label-Free Neuroproteomics of the Hippocampal-Accumbal Circuit Reveals Deficits in Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptide Signaling in Mice Lacking Ethanol-Sensitive Adenosine Transporter

The neural circuit of the dorsal hippocampus (dHip) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) contributes to cue-induced learning and addictive behaviors, as demonstrated by the escalation of ethanol-seeking behaviors observed following deletion of the adenosine equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1–/–) in mice. Here we perform quantitative LC–MS/MS neuroproteomics in the dHip and NAc of ENT1–/– mice. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we identified proteins associated with increased long-term potentiation, ARP2/3-mediated actin cytoskeleton signaling and protein expression patterns suggesting deficits in glutamate degradation, GABAergic signaling, as well as significant changes in bioenergetics and energy homeostasis (oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and glycolysis). These pathways are consistent with previously reported behavioral and biochemical phenotypes that typify mice lacking ENT1. Moreover, we validated decreased expression of the SNARE complex protein VAMP1 (synaptobrevin-1) in the dHip as well as ...
Application of a Non-equilibrium Green's function method to electrical transport through single molecular-assembled metallic nanoparticles

We describe a theory of coulomb blockade of tunneling through molecular-assembled metallic nanoparticles based on the Non-equilibrium Green’s function method. We apply the theory to study current transport through a single metallic nanoparticle connected to the leads through two molecular bridges with arbitrary metal-molecule coupling and electron-molecular vibration coupling. We present model calculations of the current-voltage characteristics.
Laser mass spectrometry for DNA fingerprinting for forensic applications

The application of DNA fingerprinting has become very broad in forensic analysis, patient identification, diagnostic medicine, and wildlife poaching, since every individual's DNA structure is identical within all tissues oftheir body. DNA fingerprinting was initiated by the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). In 1987, Nakamura et aL2 found that a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) often occurred in the alleles. The probability of different individuals having the same number of tandem repeats in several different alleles is very low. Thus, the identification of VNTR from genomic DNA became a very reliable method for identification of individuals. Take the Huntington gene as an example, there are CAG trinucleotide repeats. For normal people, the number of CAG repeats is usually between 10 and 40. Since people have chromosomes in pairs, the possibility oftwo individuals having the same VNTR in the Huntington gene is less than one percent, ifwe assume equal distribution for various repeats. When several allels containing VNTR are analyzed for the number of repeats, the possibility of two individuals being exactly identical becomes very unlikely. Thus, DNA fingerprinting is a reliable tool for forensic analysis. In DNA fingerprinting, knowledge of the sequence of tandem repeats and restriction endornuclease sites can provide the basis for identification.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Waveform‐Relocated Earthquake Catalog for Oklahoma and Southern Kansas Illuminates the Regional Fault Network

ABSTRACT For much of Oklahoma, augmentation of the seismic network with new public stations in the activated areas has followed rather than preceded the spread of seismicity across the state, and consequently the network geometry is often unfavorable for resolving the underlying fault structures. With this study, we reanalyze the existing earthquake catalog with additional data from two industry‐operated networks for the period May 2013 to November 2016. These networks include 40 seismic stations and cover seismically active north‐central Oklahoma with a station spacing on the order of 25 km. Relative locations obtained from waveform cross correlation reveal a striking pattern of seismicity, illuminating many previously unmapped faults. Absolute depths are usually well constrained to within 1 km. Relative locations provide about one order of magnitude better precision for resolving the structure of seismicity clusters. Relocated epicenters tend to cluster in linear trends of less than 1 km to more than 20 km in length. In areas with stations closer than about 10 km, we can resolve fault planes by strike and dip. These are generally in agreement with surface‐wave‐derived moment‐tensor solutions.
“Al wat kind is”: iconic images of children in apartheid-era South African poetry

ABSTRACTPhotographs of children have frequently proved to be the most iconic and emotive images to come out of conflict zones. Children have been used in similarly powerful ways in poetry too. This...
Clinical decision support directed to primary care patients and providers reduces cardiovascular risk: a randomized trial.

Objective To test the hypothesis that use of a clinical decision support (CDS) system in a primary care setting can reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients. Materials and Methods Twenty primary care clinics were randomly assigned to usual care (UC) or CDS. For CDS clinic patients identified algorithmically with high CV risk, rooming staff were prompted by the electronic health record (EHR) to print CDS that identified evidence-based treatment options for lipid, blood pressure, weight, tobacco, or aspirin management and prioritized them based on potential benefit to the patient. The intention-to-treat analysis included 7914 adults who met high CV risk criteria at an index clinic visit and had at least one post-index visit, accounted for clustering, and assessed impact on predicted annual rate of change in 10-year CV risk over a 14-month period. Results The CDS was printed at 75% of targeted visits, and providers reported 85% to 98% satisfaction with various aspects of the intervention. Predicted annual rate of change in absolute 10-year CV risk was significantly better in CDS clinics than in UC clinics (-0.59% vs. +1.66%, -2.24%; P < .001), with difference in 10-year CV risk at 12 months post-index favoring the CDS group (UC 24.4%, CDS 22.5%, P < .03). Discussion Deploying to both patients and providers within primary care visit workflow and limiting CDS display and print burden to two mouse clicks by rooming staff contributed to high CDS use rates and high provider satisfaction. Conclusion This EHR-integrated, web-based outpatient CDS system significantly improved 10-year CV risk trajectory in targeted adults.
Quadriceps inhibition after repetitive lumbar extension exercise in persons with a history of low back pain.

Muscle inhibition describes the failure to completely activate all motor units in a given motor neuron pool. Muscle inhibition is an important component of motor control during human movement and is vital for proper functioning. 1 Although inhibition of a healthy muscle is a normal finding, activation failure in undamaged muscles can occur after muscle fatigue 2 or joint injury. 3–6 Quadriceps inhibition (QI) may be present in persons with knee injuries such as patellofemoral joint pain 7 or osteoarthritis 5 and is correlated with reduced knee extension strength. 4 In theory, inadequate quadriceps strength resulting in altered gait 8 may lead to degenerative joint injury 4, 9 because altered gait patterns may expose the knee joint surfaces to abnormal forces. 10 However, this relationship is not yet clearly understood. Investigating possible sources of inhibition in patient populations may provide a better understanding of the lower extremity overuse or degenerative joint injuries that may result from QI. Persons with chronic low back pain (LBP) commonly exhibit weak 11 or unbalanced 12 trunk muscles and tend to experience a quicker rate of fatigue during sustained lumbar extension exercise. 13 This muscular deficiency may impose lower extremity muscular adaptations during fatiguing exercise to maintain stability and preserve normal function. Recently, we 14 observed more QI after fatiguing lumbar extension exercise in 16 persons with healthy knees, indicating that the quadriceps may be adapting in response to lumbar paraspinal fatigue. Understanding the neuromuscular relationship between the quadriceps and lumbar paraspinal muscles will help us learn more about a possible source of QI during fatiguing exercise, which may be different in persons with a history of LBP (HxLBP). 14 However, more research in a larger group of individuals with more severe low back injury will help us learn more about how persons with LBP adapt during fatiguing exercise. Our purpose was to compare QI in persons with a history of repeated LBP episodes and control subjects after fatiguing lumbar paraspinal exercise.
The Nature and Role of Science Kits in Affecting Change in Public Attitude Toward Understanding of Science

Science kits have tremendous potential as effective instructional tools for changing the ways people think about science in both formal and informal contexts. However, they can also be a colossal waste of resources if design, implementation, and support are not appropriate. This chapter addresses science kits by first describing what a science kit is. Both commercial and noncommercial types of kits are discussed, including what they do and do not contain. Secondly, the chapter addresses the rationales for the use of kits. These rationales are based in the literature and focus on the efficacy of kits in the teaching and learning of science among diverse populations. Next, we will discuss two example cases of kit implementation. For each example, we will describe the context in which the kit was used and the total cost associated with implementation (both the cost of the kits and support structures including professional development), as well as discuss how the kit was incorporated into the current curriculum structure. Lastly, the chapter wraps up by exploring trends in kit development.
First class dynamic effect handlers: or, polymorphic heaps with dynamic effect handlers

Algebraic effect handlers are a powerful abstraction mechanism that can express many complex control-flow mechanisms. This article extends basic algebraic effect handlers with first class dynamic effects. Dynamic effects add a lot more expressiveness but surprisingly only need minimal changes to the original semantics. As such, dynamic effects are a powerful abstraction but can still be understood and reasoned about as regular effect handlers. We illustrate the expressiveness of dynamic effects with first class event streams in CorrL and also model full polymorphic heap references without requiring any further primitives.
The Practical Library Manager

The practical library manager , The practical library manager , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Metastatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma in a Bifid Ureter.

Background: Secondary malignancies of the ureter are uncommon. We report the diagnosis and management of metastatic colon cancer to the bifurcation of a bifid ureter. Case Presentation: A 59-year-old man presented with diffuse metastasis with right hydronephrosis in both renal moieties of a partially duplicated system and an enhancing lesion within the proximal common ureter. Ureteral biopsy was positive for colorectal adenocarcinoma. The patient was subsequently started on palliative chemoradiation. Conclusion: The ureter is a rare location for hematogenous/lymphatic metastases. When a ureteral mass is present on imaging, ureteroscopy should be performed to characterize the extent of tumor and to rule out secondary malignancy.
Cigarette Smoking History and Functional Outcomes After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose- Although cigarette use may be a risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), animal models suggest that nicotine has a potential neuroprotective effect. The aim of this multicenter study is to determine the effect of smoking history on outcome in ICH patients. Methods- We analyzed prospectively collected data from the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage study and included patients with smoking status data in the analysis. Patients were dichotomized into nonsmokers versus ever-smokers, and the latter group was further categorized as former (>30 days before ICH) or current (≤30 days before ICH) smokers. The primary outcome was 90-day modified Rankin Scale score shift analysis. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and mortality, Barthel Index, and self-reported health status measures at 90 days. Results- The overall study cohort comprised 1509 nonsmokers and 1423 ever-smokers (841 former, 577 current, 5 unknown). No difference in primary outcome was observed between nonsmokers versus ever-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.041; 95% CI, 0.904-1.199; P=0.577). No differences in primary outcome were observed between former (aOR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.791-1.178; P=0.399) or current smokers (aOR, 1.178; 95% CI, 0.970-1.431; P=0.098) versus nonsmokers. Subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity demonstrated no differences in primary outcome when former and current smokers were compared with nonsmokers. Former, but not current, smokers had a lower in-hospital mortality rate (aOR, 0.695; 95% CI, 0.500-0.968; P=0.031), which was only observed in Hispanics (aOR, 0.533; 95% CI, 0.309-0.921; P=0.024). Differences in self-reported health status measures were only observed in whites. Conclusions- Cigarette smoking history does not seem to provide a beneficial effect on 90-day functional outcome in patients with ICH.
Reliability Studies and Surveys

Instruments that are valuable in clinical research yield similar results when used by different users, in different settings, and at different times. Reliability studies test the reproducibility of instruments by examining the relationship between the predicted distribution of measurements, the actual measurement distribution, and the resulting measurement error. Understanding the study types and common statistical measures is imperative when conducting or appraising reliability studies.
Algorithmic Management and Algorithmic Competencies: Understanding and Appropriating Algorithms in Gig Work

Data-driven algorithms now enable digital labor platforms to automatically manage transactions between thousands of gig workers and service recipients. Recent research on algorithmic management outlines information asymmetries, which make it difficult for gig workers to gain control over their work due a lack of understanding how algorithms on digital labor platforms make important decisions such as assigning work and evaluating workers. By building on an empirical study of Upwork users, we make it clear that users are not passive recipients of algorithmic management. We explain how workers make sense of different automated features of the Upwork platform, developing a literacy for understanding and working with algorithms. We also highlight the ways through which workers may use this knowledge of algorithms to work around or manipulate them to retain some professional autonomy while working through the platform.
Emotions, Evolution of

The study of the evolution of emotion dates back to Charles Darwin. There are at least three different approaches to the subject in the current literature. The widely accepted ‘basic emotions’ view developed in the 1960s out of human ethology and the psychological and physiological study of emotion. The evolutionary psychology movement and the paralanguage or ‘behavioral ecology view’ draw in two very different ways on ideas that originated in behavioral ecology and sociobiology during the 1960s and 1970s to suggest amendments to this orthodox view.
PT/IR Nanotips—A Mechanical Technique for Sharpening Tips Utilized by a Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The image quality of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) depends on the tip sharpness. The literature is replete with examples of etching techniques to construct tip thickness within a few atomic dimensions, thus enhancing the STM image. This research team has developed a mechanical technique using a Dremel Motor tool and a diamond wheel stone to produce similar atomic dimensions. The technique is very cost effective because one’s tip lifetime is extended by a factor of four. Moreover, this paper will compare and contrast scanning electron micrographs produced from the conventional techniques with the protocol developed by this research team. Further, our technique will ensure reasonable tip sharpness and reproducibility.
Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation

The introduction of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) contributed to significantly expand the pool of organs available for children—otherwise disadvantaged by the lack of size-matched donors—resulting in a reduction of mortality on the pediatric liver transplantation (LT) waiting lists. Living donation became an important component of pediatric LT programs worldwide, not only in countries where the shortage of deceased donors leaves no alternative but LDLT, but also in those where split-liver transplantation from deceased donors is largely used. LDLT makes it possible to optimize the timing of transplantation for small recipients as well as to plan the best surgical strategy, resulting in maximizing recipient outcomes and lowering risks in well-selected donors. LDLT has achieved excellent outcomes with an overall survival rate of 90% at 5 years and 75% at 20 years. Satisfactory results have been reported in recent years also for LDLT performed in higher risk categories, such as very small infants transplanted with monosegmental grafts and ABO incompatibility transplantation, due to refinements in surgical technique and donor/recipient matching. Nowadays, the donor surgical procedure for pediatric LDLT is a standardized technique in specialized centers and the laparoscopic approach is widely adopted. For pediatric LDLT, the most common donor procedure is left lateral sectionectomy, which is associated with low mortality (0.1%) and morbidity (10–20%) rates. Hence, a thorough evaluation of the LT candidate and of the potential donor as well as meticulous preoperative surgical planning are essential to detect potential increased risk factors for recipients as well as for the otherwise healthy donor.
Sepsis genomics and precision medicine

Abstract The intrinsic clinical and biological heterogeneity of sepsis are ideally suited for the tenets of precision medicine. Using leukocyte-derived RNA, various investigative groups have recently leveraged the discovery potential of genome-wide transcriptomics to resolve sepsis-related heterogeneity. The resulting prognostic enrichment tools serve to assign baseline risk of poor outcome. In parallel, evolving predictive enrichment tools serve to subgroup patients with sepsis into more homogeneous cohorts based on shared biological features. The next major step in the field will be to translate these prognostic and predictive enrichment tools to better identify subgroups of patients with sepsis who are more likely to respond to adjunctive therapies beyond antibiotics and supportive care. This effort will require collaborations and partnerships across multiple investigative groups, as well as collaborations between academia and industry.
Device physics: update on 3D displays.

Static three-dimensional images are easy to make using holographic techniques. Moving pictures are more of a problem. A palm-sized, updatable display using a specially designed polymer could be a breakthrough.
The Intersection of Tobacco and Marijuana Use in Adolescents and Young Adults.

* Abbreviation: e-cigarette — : electronic cigarette In “Tobacco and Marijuana Use Among US College and Noncollege Young Adults, 2002–2016”, Odani et al1 describe trends from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health on tobacco and marijuana use among respondents 18 to 22 years of age. They conclude that exclusive smoked tobacco use has decreased, whereas exclusive marijuana use has increased over the study period.1 This decline in smoked tobacco is encouraging because one of the greatest public health successes in the United States is the decrease in combusted tobacco use, specifically cigarettes, as seen in this 15-year study. When considering the intersection of adolescent and young adult use of tobacco products and marijuana, another factor that should be considered is the dramatic rise in the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). E-cigarettes, also known as vape devices or by brand name products such as Juul, are the most common tobacco product used among youth.2 Historically, these products have almost always … Address correspondence to Susan C. Walley, MD, CTTS, FAAP, Children’s of Alabama, 1600 7th Ave S, McWane Suite 108, Birmingham, AL 35233. E-mail: swalley{at}peds.uab.edu
High Sensitivity Troponin and Risk of Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease (from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort [CRIC] Study).

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). A novel biomarker to accurately and reliably predict new onset PAD in high risk patients is needed. High sensitivity troponin (HsTP) is a new assay which allows detection of very low troponin levels with high precision. We sought to explore the association between HsTP and risk of PAD in CKD. The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) is a prospective cohort of 3,939 individuals with mild to moderate CKD using age related criteria for glomerular filtration rate. High sensitivity troponin T was measured at study enrollment. Patients with previous history of PAD or coronary artery disease were excluded. Patients were followed for new-onset adjudicated PAD, and the association between HsTP and incident PAD was examined. A total of 2,909 participants free of PAD and coronary artery disease at enrollment were included in this analysis. Over a mean follow up 7.4 years [interquartile ranges 5.8 to 8.5] years, 79 (2.7%) patients developed PAD. The 3-, 6-, and 9-year incidence of PAD was 1.00%, 2.03%, and 2.72%, respectively. At 9 years, the cumulative rates of PAD increased with HsTP (Quartile 1: 0.3%, Quartile 2: 2.4%, Quartile 3: 3.7%, Quartile 4: 10.7%; p
Effectively Flipping the Classroom by Using Team-Based Learning

Fostering student engagement in class is often chief among a professor’s goals. For this reason, many professors choose to “flip” their classroom in order to deliver content outside of class and spend more time on exercises and examples in class. When students do not engage with content outside of class, however, the benefits of the flipped classroom diminish. By pairing the flipped classroom with team-based learning, a learning technique that adds a student-completed “readiness assurance” assessment to the flipped classroom model, students are increasingly prepared for class and are more engaged with the material in class. This article discusses how professors can integrate team-based learning with a flipped classroom, the complementary nature of both approaches, and what type of modules and topics may be appropriate.