cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Stickney Crater ejecta secondary impact crater spike on Phobos: Implications for the age of Stickney and the surface of Phobos

Abstract A global and uniformly distributed spike of secondary impact craters on Phobos with diameters (D) effective impulse by incorporating the energy conversion inefficiencies of the crater formation process. We also calculate the pre- and post-impact Phobos moment of inertia that further contributes to the desynchronizing effect. The majority of the Stickney ejecta that exited from Phobos was trapped in orbits around Mars until it later accumulated back onto Phobos over a period of
Identification of Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase Complex.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a threat to infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. RSV entry blockers are in clinical trials, but escape mutations challenge their potential. In search of RSV inhibitors, we have integrated a signature resistance mutation into a recombinant RSV virus and applied the strain to high-throughput screening. Counterscreening of candidates returned 14 confirmed hits with activities in the nano- to low-micromolar range. All blocked RSV polymerase activity in minigenome assays. Compound 1a (GRP-74915) was selected for development based on activity (EC50 = 0.21 μM, selectivity index (SI) 40) and scaffold. Resynthesis confirmed the potency of the compound, which suppressed viral RNA synthesis in infected cells. However, metabolic testing revealed a short half-life in the presence of mouse hepatocyte fractions. Metabolite tracking and chemical elaboration combined with 3D-quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling yielded analogues (i.e., 8n: EC50 = 0....
Predictive value of baseline serum MIP-1α and CRP on symptom burden and tumor response to induction therapy in patients with multiple myeloma.

8091 Background: Macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α) is a growth factor for human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. As an osteoclastic factor, its presence provides pathophysiological evidence of...
Forward Adaptive Transfer of Gaussian Process Regression

This paper proposes a forward adaptive transfer learning method, referred tp as forward adaptive transfer learning for Gaussian process regression, which allows robots to leverage previously learne...
A generalized maximin decision model for managing risk and measurable uncertainty

We propose an innovative approach to probabilistic decision-making in which the optimal selection is made both for a decision alternative to manage risk and for a collection of measurable events to simultaneously manage uncertainty as measured by information entropy. The resulting generalized maximin model is a combinatorial optimization problem for maximizing the expected value of a random variable, defined as the minimum return in a given event, over all measurable events in a discrete sample space. The collection of measurable events and applicable probability measure are endogenously determined by a partition of the sample space and optimized for a given index that specifies the number of constituent events. The modeling approach is very general encompassing as a special case the maximin decision criterion and providing an equivalent solution to the expected value criterion with other cases representing trade-offs between these criteria. A dynamic programming algorithm for solving the non-diversified ...
Mass Religious Ritual and Intergroup Tolerance: The Muslim Pilgrims' Paradox

Under what conditions does in-group pride facilitate out-group tolerance? What are the causal linkages between intergroup tolerance and socialization in religious rituals? This book examines how Muslims from Russia's North Caucuses returned from the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca both more devout as Muslims and more tolerant of out-groups. Drawing on prominent theories of identity and social capital, the authors resolve seeming contradictions between the two literatures by showing the effects of religious rituals that highlight within-group diversity at the same time that they affirm the group's common identity. This theory is then applied to explain why social integration of Muslim immigrants has been more successful in the USA than in Europe and how the largest Hispanic association in the US defied the clash of civilizations theory by promoting immigrants' integration into America's social mainstream. The book offers insights into Islam's role in society and politics and the interrelationships between religious faith, immigration and ethnic identity, and tolerance that will be relevant to both scholars and practitioners.
Observed Covariations of Aerosol Optical Depth and Cloud Cover in Extratropical Cyclones

Using NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical depth and total cloud cover retrievals, CloudSat-CALIPSO cloud profiles, and a database of extratropical cyclones and frontal boundary locations, relationships between changes in aerosol optical depth and cloud cover in extratropical cyclones occurring over Northern Hemisphere oceans are examined. A reanalysis data set is used to constrain column water vapor and ascent strength in the cyclones in an attempt to distinguish their impact on cloud cover from the effect of changes in aerosol loading. The results suggest that high aerosol optical depth cyclones exhibit larger middle- and high-level cloud cover than their low aerosol optical depth counterparts. However, the opposite behavior is found for low-level cloud cover. These relationships are found to depend on the large-scale environment, in particular the column water vapor and vertical motion. Despite the inability of the observations to provide a causal physical link between aerosol load and cloud cover, these results can help to constrain and evaluate model simulations.
Outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure and small body size undergoing continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become a preferred treatment option for patients with end-stage heart failure when used as a bridge to transplant or as a destination therapy. However, the association between small body size and postoperative outcomes for continuous-flow (CF) LVAD recipients is still being studied. We sought to determine whether body surface area (BSA) is associated with patient outcomes after CF-LVAD implantation. The study cohort of our single-center, retrospective review consisted of all patients (n = 526) who underwent CF-LVAD implantation (n = 403 HeartMate II, n = 123 HeartWare) between November 2003 and March 2016 regardless of indication. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts according to their BSA measurements: small BSA (<1.5 m2, n = 13) and non-small BSA (≥1.5 m2, n = 513). We compared the survival of the small-BSA cohort with that of the non-small-BSA cohort. Patients with a small BSA had lower survival rates at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months (76.9, 61.5, 53.8, and 38.5%, respectively) than did patients with a non-small BSA (90.4, 80.9, 74.7, and 67.6% respectively; overall, p = 0.004). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a small BSA was an independent predictor of postoperative mortality (hazard ratio = 0.22, 95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.97, p < 0.04). These findings highlight the adverse impact of a small BSA on outcomes after CF-LVAD implantation.
N -Homocysteinyl-Proteins

During Hcy-thiolactone biosynthesis, a high-energy bond of ATP is conserved in the thioester bond of Hcy-thiolactone ( Reaction 3.8). This high-energy thioester bond is responsible for the chemical reactivity of Hcy-thiolactone toward amino groups in proteins [73, 78, 139].
La guerre et moi (ballet-bouffe)

Bien avant septembre 1939, l’ombre de la guerre future avait commence a s’etendre sur l’Europe. Les uns, non sans une sorte de fascination, la jugeaient inevitable; d’autres ne croyaient pas impossible que la tempete se detournât au dernier moment. Ma sœur s’etait jointe au groupe de ceux qui voyaient dans la guerre menacante le pire des maux possibles. Bien qu’elle n’eut jamais propage ni partage les illusions des pacifistes a tout crin, elle se repentit amerement, par la suite, de cette prise de position. Pour moi, je m’efforcais de croire a un syllogisme simpliste. «Si l’Angleterre entre en guerre», disais-je, «alors, quoi qu’il arrive, elle perdra l’Inde; or elle n’acceptera pas l’idee de perdre l’Inde; donc elle n’entrera pas en guerre; donc il n’y aura pas de guerre». Les perspectives que cela faisait entrevoir n’etaient guere plus rassurantes que la guerre elle-meme, mais elles semblaient, a longue echeance, laisser un peu plus de jeu a l’humanite en detresse; tel etait aussi, je crois, le point de vue de ma sœur.
Limits of Contact Selectivity/Recombination on the Open-Circuit Voltage of a Photovoltaic

We analytically calculate fundamental limits on the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of a solar cell imposed by contact selectivity and contact recombination. To do so, we consider a simple model consisting of only carrier generation in an absorber and charge transfer to its contacts enabling an algebraic solution for the relevant partial currents and the calculation of a contact-determined Voc. An expression for Voc is determined assuming the partial currents at the contacts linearly depend on the product of the appropriate equilibrium exchange current density and excess carrier concentration at the contact. Quantitatively defining contact selectivity and contact recombination, we illustrate the roles of the exchange current densities, recombination, and selectivity on Voc. Additionally, we use complete device physics simulations to show that our simplified model is valid in practically relevant situations. The framework we have developed elucidates the physics underlying more qualitative discussions of select...
Using Authentic Medication Errors to Promote Pharmacy Student Critical Thinking and Active Learning

Objective: To promote first year (P1) pharmacy students’ awareness of medication error prevention and to support student learning in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. Innovation: A novel curricular activity was created and referred to as “Medication Errors and Sciences Applications (MESA)”. The MESA activity encouraged discussions of patient safety among students and faculty to link medication errors to biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences, which ultimately reinforced student learning in P1 curricular topics. Critical Analysis: Three P1 cohorts implemented the MESA activity and approximately 75% of students from each cohort completed a reliable assessment instrument. Each P1 cohort had at least 14 student teams who generated professional reports analyzing authentic medication errors. The quantitative assessment results indicated that 70-85% of students believed that the MESA activity improved student learning in biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. More than 95% of students agreed that the MESA activity introduced them to medication errors. Approximately 90% of students agreed that the MESA activity integrated the knowledge and skills they developed through the P1 curriculum, promoted active learning and critical thinking, and encouraged students to be self-directed learners. Furthermore, our data indicated that approximately 90% of students stated that the achievement of Bloom’s taxonomy's six learning objectives was promoted by completing the MESA activity. Next Steps: Pharmacy students’ awareness of medication errors is a critical component of pharmacy education, which pharmacy educators can integrate with biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences to enhance student learning in the P1 year. Treatment of Human Subjects: IRB exemption granted Type: Note
What Does It Mean to Be a Science Librarian 2.0

Science librarians, as well as other librarians, have seen ample new technologies come and go over the years. Librarians experiment and try to find ways to employ the new tools in our libraries. A driving force in our decision making about what tools to use should always be our patrons and whether the tools can help us do a better job of delivering services. This paper discusses what technologies have proven to be successful, as well as other thoughts to bear in mind as librarians evaluate Web 2.0 tools for science libraries.
Erfolge und Probleme der modernen (Mainstream‑)Makroökonomik

Nach einer Beschreibung und kritischen Wurdigung des DSGE Paradigmas in der Makrookonomik werden neuere Entwicklungen der Makrookonomik in den Bereichen Daten, empirische Methoden, Modellklassen, Schocktypen sowie thematische Neuerungen vorgestellt. Abschliesend wird auf fundamentalere Kritiken an der modernen Makrookonomik eingegangen und diese kritisch diskutiert.
Desirability of Personalized Guns Among Current Gun Owners

Introduction Personalized guns are touted as a technology that could substantially reduce firearm-related deaths. However, limited research has examined the desirability of personalized guns among current gun owners or the factors influencing the likelihood of purchase if personalized guns were available. Methods A nationally representative online survey of U.S. gun owners was conducted in 2016 to examine their knowledge and perceived likelihood of purchasing a personalized gun and concerns regarding the technology and cost. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Descriptive statistics were generated, and logistic regression models were used to determine which characteristics were associated with respondents who reported being likely to purchase a personalized gun. Results Among current gun owners, 48% had heard of personalized guns, and 79% thought licensed dealers should sell both traditional and personalized guns. Only 5% reported that they were very likely, and 13% were somewhat likely, to purchase a personalized gun with radio frequency identification technology that added $300 to the price. A total of 70% reported concerns about whether the technology would work when needed, and 56% reported concerns about price. Respondents who reported safe storage practices for all their guns had a 50% higher likelihood of being a likely purchaser (AOR=1.50, 95% CI=1.05, 2.14). Respondents whose storage practices were influenced by a gun safety training course had a 52% higher likelihood of being a likely purchaser (AOR=1.52, 95% CI=1.06, 2.19). Conclusions Current gun owners expressed modest interest in purchasing personalized guns with radio frequency identification technology. Because gun owners interested in personalized guns appear more safety conscious, the potential benefit of personalized guns in these homes may be limited.
Effect of Surface Ligand on Charge Separation and Recombination at CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dot/TiO2 Interfaces

CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot (QD) solar cells are a promising device platform for further development due to their improved stability compared to bulk materials. The fabrication of these devices o...
Enhancing awareness and personification by virtual reality and multimedia means in post-stroke patients during rehabilitation

The use of mechanical/robotic devices and of IT based applications in the post-stroke rehabilitation is one of the main challenges in applied research in health sector. Among the wide spectrum of systems, it seems that the focus is still much on the system itself, as a technological whole, and less on the key actor, that is the patient. In this paper a supporting system for post-stroke rehabilitation, based on a 2D/3D real time interface, is presented. It aims at enhancing the point of view of the patients by showing them the movements they are performing through an avatar and by presenting some qualitative aspects of the exercises that can help the patients to be more aware of, and eventually improve, their performance.
Fabrication of large vaterite microspheres for optical trapping and rotation in high vacuum

A single beam optical trapping system is used to trap and rotate silica and vaterite microspheres in high vacuum. Large vaterite microspheres with diameters up to 15 μm are fabricated with multi-stage precipitation reactions and are rotated in the trap through the transfer of spin angular momentum from the photons in the trapping beam to the spheres. An electro-optic modulator is used to vary the polarization of the trapping beam, allowing for control over the rotation with damping times on the order of a day and with rotation frequencies up to 10 MHz for 10 μm diameter spheres. While highly birefringent spheres are successfully trapped at moderate vacuum pressures (g10−2 mbar), poor reproducibility is observed for trapping spheres in high vacuum. This trapping behavior is found to be independent of the morphology, birefringence, and monodispercity of the spheres.
Serum Albumin Is a Marker of Myocardial Fibrosis, Adverse Pulsatile Aortic Hemodynamics, and Prognosis in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background Data regarding the phenotypic correlates and prognostic value of albumin in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are scarce. The goal of the current study is to determine phenotypic correlates (myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, detailed pulsatile hemodynamics, and skeletal muscle mass) and prognostic implications of serum albumin in HFpEF. Methods and Results We studied 118 adults with HFpEF. All-cause death or heart-failure-related hospitalization was ascertained over a median follow-up of 57.6 months. We measured left ventricular mass, myocardial extracellular volume, and axial muscle areas using magnetic resonance imaging. Pulsatile arterial hemodynamics were assessed with a combination of arterial tonometry and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects with lower serum albumin exhibited a higher body mass index, and a greater proportion of black ethnicity and diabetes mellitus. A low serum albumin was associated with higher myocardial extracellular volume (52.3 versus 57.4 versus 39.3 mL in lowest to highest albumin tertile, respectively; P=0.0023) and greater N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels, but not with a higher myocardial cellular volume (123 versus 114 versus 102 mL; P=0.13). Lower serum albumin was also associated with an increased forward wave amplitude and markedly increased pulsatile power in the aorta. Serum albumin was a strong predictor of death or heart failure hospitalization even after adjustment for N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels and the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) risk score (adjusted standardized hazard ratio=0.56; 95% CI=0.37-0.83; P<0.0001). Conclusions Serum albumin is associated with myocardial fibrosis, adverse pulsatile aortic hemodynamics, and prognosis in HFpEF. This readily available clinical biomarker can enhance risk stratification in HFpEF and identifies a subgroup with specific pathophysiological abnormalities.
A Review of US Army Unmanned Aerial Systems Accidents

Abstract. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are increasingly used in military operations. Successful operations, despite no human onboard, are heavily human-dependent. A review of Army UAS accidents wa...
Risk Factors for Fungal Infection in a Ventricular Assist Device Cohort

Purpose Ventricular assist device (VAD) infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Fungal infections are associated with poor outcomes and risk factors to predict infection warrant characterization. Methods A retrospective cohort study of continuous-flow 2nd or 3rd generation VAD devices placed at Northwestern Memorial Hospital from July 2008 to September 2018 was performed. VAD-specific and VAD-related infections were characterized according to 2013 ISHLT definitions. Early infections were defined as occurring less than or equal to 60 days from the date of VAD implantation, late infections were defined as greater than 60 days. Binary logistic regression analysis comparing fungal to non-fungal bacterial infections identified significant risk factors. Summary and comparative statistics were performed using IBM® SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Results 86 infections occurred in 433 VAD implantations. 93.0% (n = 80) were non-fungal and 7.0% (n = 6) were fungal. Independent risk factors for fungal infection when compared to bacterial infections were early VAD infection (66.6% vs 11.3%, p = 0.000), ischemic cardiomyopathy as an underlying diagnosis (83.3% vs 38.7%, p = 0.033), 3rd generation VAD device (100% vs 53.7%, p = 0.027), polymicrobial infection (83.3% vs 28.8%, p = 0.006), concurrent infection with a multi-drug resistant organism in the same device (66.6% vs 21.2%, p = 0.013) as shown in Table 1. Patients with fungal infections had a higher mortality rate (66.6% vs 27.5%, p = 0.044). Conclusion Risk factors for fungal infection compared to bacterial infections in VADs are ICM, 3rd generation devices, polymicrobial infection, and concurrent MDRO infections. Mortality is higher in VAD patients with fungal infections.
Race and Resurrection: Contesting Colorblind White Supremacy with Biblical Resources

This essay argues that Paul’s discourses in 1 Corinthians 12 and 15 concerning the church as the Body of Christ and the resurrection of the body offer a biblical challenge to colorblind white supre...
Chapter 11 – Psychosis

Publisher Summary This chapter reveals that psychotic symptoms may be present in children and adolescents with various disorders. The symptoms of childhood schizophrenia became differentiated from adult schizophrenia, and for a time they were presumed to co-occur with autism and other developmental delays. Childhood psychosis is present as a core feature of some disorders, or as an adjunct group of symptoms in severe variants of some other disorders. The prevalence of childhood psychosis is difficult to establish. The prevalence of psychosis as a symptom accompanying other disorders is equally difficult to estimate. Childhood psychosis is rare, its prevalence increases with age, and rates in adolescents may be similar to those observed in adults.
Repair of common atrioventricular junction in isolation and when associated with other congenital heart defects

Management of atrioventricular septal defects has grown leaps and bounds since the first correction of this malformation. Main reasons considered for the improvement are good understanding of lesion anatomy, precise preoperative diagnosis including imaging, progress in surgical technique, myocardial protection, and post-operative care. In this article we review the anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical features, associations, diagnosis, surgical therapy, complications, and results of atrioventricular septal defects.
Reductive cleavage of N,N'-di-tert-butyl-carbodi-imide generates tert-butyl-cyanamide ligands, (Me3CNCN)-, that bind potassium both end-on and side-on in the same single crystal.

N,N′-Di-tert-butyl­carbodi­imide, Me3CN=C=NCMe3, undergoes reductive cleavage in the presence of the GdII complex, [K(18-crown-6)2][GdII(NR2)3] (R = SiMe3), to form a new type of ligand, the tert-butyl­cyanamide anion, (Me3CNCN)−. This new ligand can bind metals with one or two donor atoms as demonstrated by the isolation of a single crystal containing potassium salts of both end-on and side-on bound tert-butyl­cyanamide anions, (Me3CNCN)−. The crystal contains [K(18-crown-6)(H2O)][NCNCMe3-kN], in which one (tBuNCN)− anion is coordinated end-on to potassium ligated by 18-crown-6 and water, as well as [K(18-crown-6)][η2-NCNCMe3], in which an 18-crown-6 potassium is coordinated side-on to the terminal N—C linkage. This single crystal also contains one equivalent of 1,3-di-tert-butyl urea, (C9H20N2O), which is involved in hydrogen bonding that may stabilize the whole assembly, namely, aqua­(tert-butyl­cyanamidato)(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa­oxa­cyclo­octa­deca­ne)potas­sium(I)–(tert-butyl­cyanamidato)(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexa­oxa­cyclo­octa­deca­ne)potas­sium(I)–N,N′-di-tert-butyl­carbodi­imide (1/1/1) [K(C5H9N2)(C12H24O6)]·[K(C5H9N2)(C12H24O6)(H2O)]·C9H20N2.
Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Passionate Love and Sexual Desire

(1993). Historical and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Passionate Love and Sexual Desire. Annual Review of Sex Research: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 67-97.
Interfacial and Bulk Assembly of Anisotropic Gold Nanostructures: Implications for Photonics and Plasmonics

We report on the assembly of polymer-grafted nanostructures at the vapor/aqueous interface and in bulk solutions using synchrotron X-ray diffraction methods. Triangular- and octahedral-shaped gold ...
Artifact Detection in Endoscopic Video with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Gastrointestinal cancer is a common and deadly disease that affects many people in the world. In 2019, Gastrointestinal cancer was the most common cancer and the second leading cause of death in the US. Detecting gastrointestinal cancer during the early stage is the most effective way to improve the survival rate. One of the commonly used clinical procedures for early detection of gastrointestinal cancer is endoscopy. The main challenge of a high-quality endoscopy operation is the presence of various forms of artifacts during the operation, e.g., pixel saturation, motion blur, defocus, specular reflections, bubbles, fluid, debris. These artifacts not only increase the difficulty in examining the underlying tissues during diagnosis but also affect the post-analysis methods required for follow-ups (e.g., video mosaicking for follow-ups and archival purposes and video-frame retrieval for reporting). Also, the presence of these artifacts often interferes with the computer-aided diagnosis of various lesions in endoscopy. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based object detection methods have proved to be an effective approach for nature image object detection and colonoscopy applications (e.g., polyp detection). However, fewer efforts have been devoted to endoscopic artifact detection due to the lack of training data. In this paper, we use data from the EAD2019 challenge and investigate the performance of two improved CNN-based methods for seven-class endoscopic artifact detection (EAD). Experiment results show that our proposed objection detectors based on SSD and Faster-RCNN significantly outperform the baseline.
Palliative Care Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Qualitative Study of Palliative Care Clinicians.

Abstract Context COVID-19 created unprecedented demand for palliative care at a time when in-person communication was highly restricted, straining efforts to care for patients and families. Objectives To qualitatively explore the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of palliative care clinicians. Specifically we sought to: 1) Describe the strategies adopted by palliative care clinicians to cope with new challenges including patient and clinician isolation, prognostication of an emergent disease, and rapidly rising numbers of severely ill patients; 2) Identify additions or adjustments to in-person and system-related palliative care training, methods, and tools made during pandemics. Methods This descriptive qualitative study utilized a thematic approach for data analysis of individual, semi-structured interviews with palliative care clinicians (n = 25). Codes, categories, and emerging themes were identified through an iterative, comparative method. Methods align with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) Results A theme of “Expanding the reach of palliative care for today and the future” was identified with three subthemes: 1) Redefining attitudes and hardship due to collective uncertainty, 2) Breaking with the past towards integrated concept of palliative care, and 3) Building capacity through primary palliative care training. Conclusion COVID-19 forced hospital systems to consider the inclusion of palliative care in unforeseen ways due to an uncontrollable, unpredictable disease. Faced with unprecedented uncertainty, palliative care clinicians utilized strategies for integration and innovation across hospitals, particularly in intensive care units and emergency departments. A need to build capacity through increased primary palliative care access and training was identified.
Direct Field-Feedback Eddy-Current Pattern Control Based on System Order Reduction

This paper presents a direct field-feedback eddy-current (EC) pattern control method based on order reduced model with multiple cylindrical electromagnets (EMs). Instead of using unmeasurable EC fields, the measurable magnetic fields generated by the EC field are provided as the system feedback. A state-space representation for EC modeling is provided by discretizing the conductor into multiple elements. The system order is reduced based on the EC character that the mutual EC effect is relatively small and exponentially decreases with the distance increase. After checking the controllability and observability conditions of the order-reduced system, a feedback controller and Luenberger observer are designed using a pole-placement method for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) distributed parameter system. The feasibility and efficiency of this direct field-feedback method are numerically illustrated and demonstrated by generating an EC pattern with an elliptical contour.
Biophysical properties of tense quaternary state polymerized human hemoglobins bracketed between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm in size.

Polymerized hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are a scalable and cost-effective red blood cell (RBC) substitute. However, previous generations of commercial polymerized HBOCs elicited oxidative tissue injury in vivo due to the presence of low molecular weight polymeric Hb species (<500 kDa) and cell-free Hb (64 kDa). Polymerized human Hb (PolyhHb) locked in the tense quaternary state (T-state) exhibits great promise to meet clinical needs where past polymerized HBOCs failed. This work shows that separation of T-state PolyhHb via a two-stage tangential flow filtration (TFF) purification train such that the Hb polymers are bracketed between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm creates a uniform polymer size and largely eliminates the Hb species which elicit deleterious side effects in vivo. Biophysical characterization of these materials demonstrates their potential effectiveness as an RBC substitute and verifies the low percentage of low molecular weight Hb polymers and cell-free Hb. Size exclusion chromatography confirms that T-state PolyhHb can be consistently produced in a size range between 500 kDa and 0.2 μm. Furthermore, the average molecular weight of all PolyhHb species produced is one or two orders of magnitude larger than that of the commercial polymerized HBOCs Hemolink and Oxyglobin, respectively. Haptoglobin binding kinetics confirms that two-stage TFF processing of PolyhHb reliably removes cell-free Hb and low molecular weight polymeric Hb species. T-state PolyhHbs demonstrate lower auto-oxidation rates compared to unmodified Hb and prior generations of commercial polymerized HBOCs. These results demonstrate T-state PolyhHb's feasibility as a next-generation polymerized HBOC for potential use in transfusion medicine.
Polynomial time array dataflow analysis

Array dataflow analysis is a valuable tool for supercomputer compilers. However, the worst-case asymptotic time complexities for modern array dataflow analysis techniques are either not well understood or alarmingly high. For example, the Omega Test uses a subset of the 222O(n) language of Presburger Arithmetic for analysis of affine dependences; its use of uninterpreted function symbols for nonaffine terms introduces additional sources of complexity. Even traditional data dependence analysis of affine dependences is equivalent to integer programming, and is thus NP-complete. These worst-case complexities have raised questions about the wisdom of using array dataflow analysis in a production compiler, despite empirical data that show that various tests run quickly in practice. In this paper, we demonstrate that a polynomial-time algorithm can produce accurate information about the presence of loop-carried array dataflow. We first identify a subdomain of Presburger Arithmetic that can be manipulated (by the Omega Library) in polynomial time; we then describe a modification to prevent exponential blowup of the Omega Library's algorithm for manipulating function symbols. Restricting the Omega Test to these polynomial cases can, in principle, reduce the accuracy of the dataflow information produced. We therefore present the results of our investigation of the effects of these restrictions on the detection of loop-carried array dataflow dependences (which prevent parallelization). These restrictions block parallelization of only a few unimportant loop nests in the approximately 18000 lines of benchmark code we studied. The use of our subdomain of Presburger Arithmetic also gives a modest reduction in analysis time, even with our current unoptimized implementation, as long as we do not employ our modified algorithms for function symbols. The data collected in our empirical studies also suggest directions for improving both accuracy and efficiency.
The Computational Brain

From the Publisher: How do groups of neurons interact to enable the organism to see, decide, and move appropriately? What are the principles whereby networks of neurons represent and compute? These are the central questions probed by The Computational Brain. Churchland and Sejnowski address the foundational ideas of the emerging field of computational neuroscience, examine a diverse range of neural network models, and consider future directions of the field. The Computational Brain is the first unified and broadly accessible book to bring together computational concepts and behavioral data within a neurobiological framework. Computer models constrained by neurobiological data can help reveal how networks of neurons subserve perception and behavior--how their physical interactions can yield global results in perception and behavior, and how their physical properties are used to code information and compute solutions. The Computational Brain focuses mainly on three domains: visual perception, learning and memory, and sensorimotor integration. Examples of recent computer models in these domains are discussed in detail, highlighting strengths and weaknesses, and extracting principles applicable to other domains. Churchland and Sejnowski show how both abstract models and neurobiologically realistic models can have useful roles in computational neuroscience, and they predict the coevolution of models and experiments at many levels of organization, from the neuron to the system. The Computational Brain addresses a broad audience: neuroscientists, computer scientists, cognitive scientists, and philosophers. It is written for both the expert and novice. A basic overview of neuroscience and computational theory is provided, followed by a study of some of the most recent and sophisticated modeling work in the context of relevant neurobiological research. Technical terms are clearly explained in the text, and definitions are provided in an extensive glossary. The appendix contains a precis of
Atmospheric remote sensing using a combined extinctive and refractive stellar occultation technique 2. Inversion method for extinction measurements

[1] In this paper, an inversion algorithm for the retrieval of total density, pressure, and temperature in the Earth's lower atmosphere from refraction angle measurements by a visible-light imager is presented. A detailed description of the retrieval algorithm is provided, and its performance under a variety of conditions is assessed, including a rigorous evaluation of the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Tests show that visible-light images of stellar refraction can provide reasonably accurate measurements of the atmospheric bulk properties from the surface (or cloud top heights) to roughly 30 km altitude. The combined statistical and systematic uncertainties in density and temperature profiles retrieved with a vertical resolution of 1 km decrease from 3.1% and 5 K, respectively, at 30 km to 0.8% and 3.8 K at 20 km and 0.35% and 1.5 K at 10 km for an imager with a sampling rate of 10 Hz and pointing control/knowledge of 0.002° (1σ). This level of accuracy and resolution is adequate for a combined extinctive/refractive occultation technique for remotely sensing the Earth's lower atmosphere that has recently been demonstrated using data taken by the Ultraviolet and Visible Imagers and Spectrographic Imagers (UVISI) on the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) spacecraft.
MATERIAL INTERVENTIONS: Indonesian DIY Fashion and the Regime of the Global Brand

In the global neoliberal economy, material and immaterial production increasingly happen on opposite ends of the world where they are assigned different social and economic value and serve to perpetuate stark inequality between increasingly large, transnational corporations and small, local manufacturers. Not everyone, however, accepts the terms of this arrangement. This article chronicles the efforts of Indonesian DIY fashion labels to undermine the global regime of immaterial labor. It argues that DIYers challenge neoliberal business as usual in at least three ways: (1) by seizing the means of material production and making garments on their own terms; (2) by recombining material and immaterial processes of production into a single continuous act; and (3) by treating the brand—the symbolic, legitimizing force of labor inequality—not as the active subject of global capital it has no doubt become, but as an object, ripe for appropriation and manipulation. [brands, trademark, fashion, youth, immaterial labor, circulation, globalization, Indonesia]
Stokes Efficiency of Molecular Motor-Cargo Systems

A molecular motor utilizes chemical free energy to generate a unidirectional motion through the viscous fluid. In many experimental settings and biological settings, a molecular motor is elastically linked to a cargo. The stochastic motion of a molecular motor-cargo system is governed by a set of Langevin equations, each corresponding to an individual chemical occupancy state. The change of chemical occupancy state is modeled by a continuous time discrete space Markov process. The probability density of a motor-cargo system is governed by a two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation. The operation of a molecular motor is dominated by high viscous friction and large thermal fluctuations from surrounding fluid. The instantaneous velocity of a molecular motor is highly stochastic: the past velocity is quickly damped by the viscous friction and the new velocity is quickly excited by bombardments of surrounding fluid molecules. Thus, the theory for macroscopic motors should not be applied directly to molecular motors without close examination. In particular, a molecular motor behaves differently working against a viscous drag than working against a conservative force. The Stokes efficiency was introduced to measure how efficiently a motor uses chemical free energy to drive against viscous drag. For a motor without cargo, it was proved that the Stokes efficiency is bounded by 100% [H. Wang and G. Oster, (2002)]. Here, we present a proof for the general motor-cargo system.
THE USE OF INOTROPIC AGENTS IN CHILDREN WITH SHOCK

To evaluate the use of inotropic agents in the treatment of shock, the charts of 85 medical patients were reviewed. Each of the 85 hypotensive patients (MAP <2SD below the mean for age) were initially treated with dopamine (10 to 30μg/kg/min.). Sixty-seven patients responded to dopamine alone with a survival rate of 95%. However, 18 of 85 patients (21%), because of continued hypotension and/or inadequate urine output (<1.0cc/kg/hr.) on 30 μg/kg/min. of dopamine, were placed on epinephrine and the dopamine was discontinued. The dose of epinephrine ranged from 0.1 to 1.0μg/kg/min. While on epinephrine 3 of 18 patients (17%) did not improve with respect to arterial blood pressure or urine output; 10 of 18 patients (55%) showed a transient response, but later died from their illness; and 5 of 18 patients (28%) survived. A significant difference in the blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen, and the dose and duration of epinephrine therapy was observed between the survivors and the non-survivors after epinephrine. Significant changes in urine output were observed in both groups. From this study, 28% of the patients who presented in shock and failed to respond to dopamine therapy did respond to a constant infusion of epinephrine with resolution of hypotension and ultimate survival. Therefore, epinephrine should be considered as a therapeutic modality in patients who are unresponsive to dopamine therapy.
Systems Engineering in the Glass Industry

A survey of current trends of systems engineering in the glass industry is presented. The central theme is that systems engineering is the technique through which the process of our time?the information revolution exemplified by the digital computer?is exerting its impact on the industry. Systems engineering is examined and basic concepts reviewed, and the production system is defined as a pyramidal, hierarchical structure. Process models which have been developed primarily for control purposes are reviewed; examples of theoretically or experimentally developed models are given. In computer control applications, a major trend is seen toward extensive integrated real-time information-processing systems consisting of several computers connected through a communication network. The development of the human components in the production system, particularly management structure, is considered as an essential aspect of the overall system development.
YIELD CHARACTERISTICS, MICROBIAL LOAD AND CHILLING RATES OF SKINNED PORK CARCASSES

Three groups of 25 hogs were selected and slaughtered using a vertical drum skinner. Weights were observed on the live animals, skins, feet, warm carcasses, and the trimmed bellies. The extent of belly damage was measured subjectively. Mean values and standard errors for the combined groups were as follows: live wt, 100.91 kg ± 16.82; percent skin (of live wt), 6.91%± 0.24; percent feet (of live wt), 1.59%± 0.01; dressing percentage (warm wt) 69.55%± 0.42; cooler shrinkage (18 hr), 1.16%± 0.64; percent of carcasses with exposed cutaneus trunci muscle, 14.67%± 21.33. Microbial counts on the exterior surface of the hams, bellies and shoulders of 40 skinned and 40 scalded carcasses were determined. Counts were significantly greater over the hams of scalded than skinned carcasses but the shoulders of skinned carcasses had significantly higher counts than those of scalded carcasses. Although the skinning process resulted in significantly less shrinkage than the scalding process, the chilling rates for the deep ham, longissimus muscle and belly were slightly retarded for 17 skinned carcasses (pulled skins) as compared to 17 scalded carcasses. Prediction equations and resultant chilling curves are shown for skinned and scalded carcasses at each of the above three locations.
Cell Wall Monosaccharide Changes During Softening of Brined Cucumber Mesocarp Tissue

Blanched, unheated and fermented cucumber mesocarp tissues stored at pH 3.5 had losses in galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, and rhamnose from cell walls isolated by sequential extraction with aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and phenohacetic acid:water (2:1:1; SDS/PAW). Much smaller amounts of the sugars were solubilized when the cell walls were isolated by extraction with 80% ethanol. The differential solubilization of sugars suggested that a limited degradation of pectic and hemicellulosic substances occurred during cucumber tissue softening. This degradation was readily observed when softened tissue was extracted by SDS/PAW, but not when isolated by the more common ethanol extraction. Similarity in pattern of sugar losses, following low pH storage after three processing treatments, suggested that reactions which resulted in tissue softening and solubilization of cell wall sugars were similar in the three treatments.
MiRAE: My Inner Voice

This video presents the interactions between MiRAE, an interactive robotic face, and visitors to an art exhibition at which it was displayed. The robot operated eight hours a day, six days a week, for three weeks in Spring 2014 and interacted with over 700 people across 300 interactions. The robot was fully autonomous and researchers were not present on site during the exhibit, so people interacted in a free-form manner, both individually and in groups. During the exhibit, video recordings were taken of people's responses to the robot. This video depicts a series of resulting interactions, with MiRAE's interpretation of the events.
Apolipoprotein E, Not Fibrillar β-Amyloid, Reduces Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Normal Aging

The e4 allele of the polymorphic apolipoprotein E gene is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ), and reduction in cerebral glucose metabolism in asymptomatic people. Although ApoE4 may exert an effect on AD risk through amyloidogenic pathways, whether its effect on glucose metabolism is related to Aβ is unknown. To answer this question, we examined data from 175 cognitively normal older people (mean age, 77; 87 men, 88 women) in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative studied concurrently with [(18)F]flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography measures of glucose metabolism and the radiotracer [(18)F]florbetapir, an imaging agent which labels fibrillar Aβ in vivo. Based on a threshold value of florbetapir uptake determined in separate samples, subjects were categorized as florbetapir+ or florbetapir-. Glucose metabolism was measured as a continuous variable in a group of regions of interest (ROIs) selected a priori based on their involvement in AD, and also by using a whole-brain voxelwise approach. Among this sample, 29% of subjects were florbetapir+ and 23% were ApoE4 carriers. As expected, there was a significant association between ApoE4 genotype and florbetapir positivity. Florbetapir status, however, was not significantly associated with glucose metabolism, but the ApoE4 genotype was associated with lower metabolism in both voxelwise and ROI approaches. These results show that ApoE genotype, and not aggregated fibrillar forms of Aβ, contributes to reduced glucose metabolism in aging and adds to a growing list of neural consequences of ApoE that do not appear to be related to Aβ.
Platelet depletion in experimental myocardial infarction.

Accumulation of platelets in the microvasculature after acute myocardial ischemia may exacerbate tissue injury through the formation of microthrombi and by the release of vasoactive substances. To assess the role of platelets in myocardial ischemic injury and infarction, circulating platelets were reduced by 94±2% (mean±S.E.M.) with sheep antiserum to canine platelets. Regional myocardial ischemia was produced by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 5 hours. Infarct size did not differ significantly between antiplatelet serum and nonimmune serum groups: 36±8vs. 43±4% of the area at risk, determined by a post-mortem dual staining technique (p>0.05). A second occlusion-reperfusion control group, sacrificed at 24 hours, did not differ from 5 hr reperfused groups with regard to infarct size. Coronary sinus thromboxane B2 (TXB2) concentrations were not altered significantly by platelet depletion. Histopathologic examination confirmed the presence of necrosis in the infarcted myocardium and revealed substantial leukocytic infiltration in both groups. The results suggest that circulating platelets are not required for the full expression of myocardial ischemic injury resulting from temporary coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion.
Ab initio calculation of chemisorption systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)

We present an ab initio density-functional calculation of the interaction of hydrogen with the Pd(001) and Pd(110) surfaces and with bulk palladium. Our results for the H-Pd system are complemented by calculations for the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule, the bulk, and the clean (001) and (110) surfaces of Pd. In the case of H in bulk Pd, we determine the equilibrium geometry and electronic structure and discuss the nature of the Pd-H bond. For the adsorption system H/Pd(001) and H/Pd(110), we determine the preferential adsorption sites, bond lengths, and vibration frequencies of the adsorbate. We relate H-induced softening of Pd-surface-phonon frequencies to a corresponding softening of Pd-Pd interactions in the bulk hydride phase.