cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of influencing factors on relative error of MOCT

The operating principle of MOCT(MagnetoOptical Current Transformer) based on improved dual optical path detection is studied and it is pointed out that its output signal is influenced by both the fluctuation of operating wavelength and the error of intersecting angle between the optical axis of polarizer and analyzer.The fluctuation range and trend of operating wavelength and intersecting angle error are analyzed for different central operating wavelengths when the output signal of MOCT satisfies the requirements stipulated in IEC60044-8 standard for 0.2 and 0.5 classes.Results show that,the tolerable operating wavelength fluctuation range increases along with the increase of central operating wavelength,and the operating wavelength fluctuation has little impact on the intersecting angle error when the rated primary current is 100 A while it is obvious when the current is 2 000 A.The relationship between the relative error of output signal and the operating wavelength fluctuation and intersecting angle error is studied and research shows that the relative error is linear with the operating wavelength fluctuation and nonlinear with the intersecting angle error.
Introduction to Terpenes

Terpenes are the largest and most diverse group of plant secondary compounds; at least 15,000 terpenoids have been described, and thousands more are undoubtedly awaiting discovery (Gershenzon and Croteau, 1991). Terpenes typically are made up of units of five carbons, C5, C10, C15, C20, C25, C30, and C40 structures (Fig. 18.1), that generally occur free but may be modified, or derivatized as esters and glycosides, or attached to proteins. Terpenes are common in most plants and fungi, but they rarely accumulate in bacteria (Bell and Charlwood, 1980; Poulter and Rilling, 1981). Steroids in mammals are products of terpenoid metabolism.
Thiamine Deficiency and Alcoholism Psychopathology

Abstract Heavy alcohol use and alcoholism impacts diet, nutrient absorption, metabolism. and utilization, increasing the risk of severe deficiency, particularly for the B vitamins. Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) is an essential nutrient that is commonly deficient in alcoholism, and a cofactor for biochemical reactions involved with carbohydrate metabolism, and cellular energy production. Chronic thiamine deficiency impairs oxidative metabolism, increasing oxidative stress that may evoke neurodegenerative processes more commonly seen in alcoholism. Brain systems impacted by thiamine deficiency influence cognition, mood, and behavioral characteristics that may propagate alcohol consumption and abuse. Several high potency thiamine analogs have been developed to improve thiamine status in alcohol dependent individuals, but the long-term effects of these compounds on drinking rates and alcoholism recovery are not studied widely. This paper reviews the molecular effects of chronic thiamine deficiency relevant to addictive behaviors, and discusses the potential uses of thiamine analogs to facilitate recovery from alcohol use disorders.
Sphingolipids and HDL Metabolism

The major sphingolipids in the human plasma are sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and glycosphingolipids. Sphingolipids are found to be associated with plasma lipoproteins and their presence can influence lipoprotein, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), metabolism. Sphingolipids are also present on cell plasma membrane and they also affect lipoprotein, including HDL, production and catabolism. In this chapter, we will summarize what we know about sphingolipids and HDL metabolism.
A Tale of Two Baby-Friendly Hospitals: Comparison of a Military and a Civilian Experience

Abstract Objective: To compare and contrast military hospital and civilian hospital experiences of achieving Baby-Friendly designation, and to examine administration and staff responses as well as institutional and patient postimplementation outcomes. Materials and Methods: Staff, administration, and chairs of Baby-Friendly committees at both hospitals were interviewed. Conclusion: Motivating factors and perceived administrative support were similar at both institutions. Both sites saw an increase in exclusive breastfeeding rates upon discharge to a rate of 80–90%, and both noted an overall increase in delivery rates, which may also be attributed to achieving Baby-Friendly designation. Significant differences included the amount of time it took to achieve Baby-Friendly status, the number of specialties represented on the Baby-friendly committee, the percentage of employees who received training, pediatrics involvement and support, and funding sources for staff training.
De volta ao argumento ontológico

O proosito do autor neste artigo e revisitar o argumento ontologico apresentado por Descartes de modo a reconsiderar o que e dito em seu Descartes contra os ceticos , de 1978. A visao basica que o autor tem do argumento e que, em ultima instância, o argumento fracassa nao pela razao frequentemente dada de que a existencia nao pode ser considerada um predicado, mas sim porque em sua versao cartesiana o argumento assume uma compreensao da natureza de Deus que e inconsistente. Abstract The author's purpose in this paper is to revisit the ontological argument presented by Descartes in order to reconsider what he has said about it in his Descartes Against the Skeptics , in 1978. The author's basic view of the argument is that ultimately the argument fails not for the most frequently given reason that existence can not be considered as a predicate, but rather because in its Cartesian version the argument assumes an understanding of God's nature which is inconsistent.
Friendship, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of cisgender heterosexuals toward transgender individuals

ABSTRACTLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals have begun to gain an acceptance that transgender people have yet to achieve. Previous literature has found the significant effect of Allport's contact hypothesis on reducing negative attitudes toward LGB individuals. Attention has recently turned to the implications of social contact for reduction of transphobic attitudes, with one study demonstrating efficacy. The present study examined the relationships between cisgender heterosexual college students' social contact with transgender individuals, operationalized as number of friendships, and self-reported attitudes and behavioral intentions toward transgender individuals. A sample of 342 undergraduate students at a mid-sized public university completed questions about attitudes and behaviors toward transgender individuals and their transgender friendship experiences. In multivariate analysis of variance, significant differences between participants who reported having zero versus at least one transgen...
Validity as Research Praxis: A Study of Self-Reflection and Engagement in Qualitative Inquiry:

This article continues explorations into the concept of validity by looking closely at the notion of praxis as it might be involved in establishing validity through the doing of qualitative inquiry. Departing from thinking of the qualitative researcher as an instrument to thinking of the engagement of the researcher in the research process as praxis-oriented, new ways of thinking about how validity is established intra-actively are articulated. I report on an in-depth qualitative interview study of nine Christian women talking about their faiths. Instead of focusing on the substantive findings of the article, I analyzed the researcher–participant interactions using the concept of praxis to articulate five distinct ways validity was established through the researching process. These findings challenge correspondence theories of truth as the basis for validity and, instead, engage in a dialogic, complex notion of truth-telling as the point of resonance for validity.
Bioestadigrafía y Análisis Clínico Comparado de 20.000 Casos Obstétricos

Se revisan las primeras 20.000 hospitalizaciones de la Clinica Primero de Mayo y se obtienen algunos indices estadisticos. Las Clinica inicio sus servicios el 10 de junio de 1950; las 20.000 hospitalizaciones se completaron el 11 de mayo de 1953.
Acoustic development of vowel production in native Mandarin-speaking children

The present study aims to document the developmental profile of static and dynamic acoustic features of vowel productions in monolingual Mandarin-speaking children aged between three and six years in comparison to adults. Twenty-nine monolingual Mandarin children and 12 native Mandarin adults were recorded producing ten Mandarin disyllabic words containing five monophthongal vowel phonemes /a i u y ɤ/. F1 and F2 values were measured at five equidistant temporal locations (the 20–35–50–65–80% points of the vowel's duration) and normalized. Scatter plots showed clear separations between vowel categories although the size of individual vowel categories exhibited a decreasing trend as the age increased. This indicates that speakers as young as three years old could separate these five Mandarin vowels in the acoustic space but they were still refining the acoustic properties of their vowel production as they matured. Although the tested vowels were monophthongs, they were still characterized by distinctive formant movement patterns. Mandarin children generally demonstrated formant movement patterns comparable to those of adult speakers. However, children still showed positional variation and differed from adults in the magnitudes of spectral change for certain vowels. This indicates that vowel development is a long-term process which extends beyond three years of age.
Enhancement of thermal transport in Gel Polymer Electrolytes with embedded BN/Al2O3 nano- and micro-particles

Abstract While Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) have been widely investigated for use in next-generation Li-ion cells due to the potential for improved thermal safety, thermal transport within a GPE is still poorly understood. Among all materials in a Li-ion cell, the GPE has the lowest thermal conductivity, and hence determines the overall rate of heat flow in a Li-ion cell. This makes it critical to measure and understand thermal transport in a GPE and investigate trade-offs between thermal and ionic transport. This paper presents measurements of thermal and ionic conductivities in a PVdF-based GPE. The effect of incorporating BN/Al 2 O 3 ceramic nano/microparticles in the GPE on thermal and ionic transport is characterized. Measurements indicate up to 2.5X improvement in thermal conductivity of activated GPE membranes, with relatively minor effect on electrochemical performance of GPE-based single-layer cells. The measured enhancement in thermal conductivity is in very good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the effective medium theory that accounts for thermal transport in a dispersed, two-phase medium such as a GPE. The fundamental insights gained in this work on thermal transport in a GPE and the role of nano/microparticle inclusions may facilitate thermal-electrochemical optimization and design of GPEs for safe, high-performance Li-ion cells.
Does Subjective SES Moderate the Effect of Money Priming on Socioeconomic System Support? A Replication of Schuler and Wänke (2016):

Findings that money priming increases socioeconomic system support have proven difficult to replicate. Schuler and Wanke found that subjective socioeconomic status (SES) moderates money priming eff...
HACCP models for quality control of entrée production in hospital foodservice systems. I. Development of hazard analysis critical control point models.

HACCP models were developed as part of a research project for quality control of entree production in three types of hospital foodservice systems: Conventional, cook/chill, and cook/freeze. Critical control points at process stages were identified. Time-temperature was a critical control point throughout entree production in each model; time-temperature parameters were established for critical control points. Equipment sanitation and personnel sanitation are critical control points for which standards must be established by each foodservice system. Determination of the effectiveness of control measures included continuous monitoring of critical control points for time-temperature. Sanitation of equipment and personnel should be monitored using standards established by the foodservice system.
Can Hovering Hinder Helping? Examining the Joint Effects of Helicopter Parenting and Attachment on Prosocial Behaviors and Empathy in Emerging Adults

ABSTRACTWhile previous research has established links among multiple aspects of parenting, empathy, and prosocial behaviors in youth, little is known regarding the relations between helicopter parenting, a particular type of parental over control, and empathy and prosocial behaviors (Padilla-Walker, 2014). Because helicopter parenting could undermine empathic and prosocial outcomes by negatively impacting self-regulatory behaviors and promoting narcissistic tendencies (Padilla-Walker, 2014; Segrin, Woszidlo, Givertz, Bauer, & Murphy, 2012; Segrin, Woszidlo, Givertz, & Montgomery, 2013), the author sought to examine potential relationships among these constructs. A battery of self-report measures was administered to an emerging adult sample (N = 187 college students; 49% women; M age = 18.81 years; 71% White). Hierarchical multiple regression model results indicated that both maternal and paternal helicopter parenting predicted fewer positive prosocial and empathic outcomes, and these relations depended on...
Mayanists’ Methods and Tradition Discourses: Research and the Politics of Maya Language and Cultural Practice

This essay reviews the following works: The Ch’ol Maya of Chiapas . Edited by Karen Bassie-Sweet, with Robert M. Laughlin, Nicholas A. Hopkins, and Andres Brizuela Casimir. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 251. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780806147024. Wellness beyond Words: Maya Compositions of Speech and Silence in Medical Care . By T. S. Harvey. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 256. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826352736. Maya Market Women: Power and Tradition in San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala . By S. Ashley Kistler. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 160. $44.68 paperback. ISBN: 9780252079887. Southern Eastern Huastec Narratives: A Trilingual Edition . Translated and edited by Ana Kondic. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 197. $24.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780806151809. Indigenous Bodies, Maya Minds: Religion and Modernity in a Transnational K’iche’ Community . By C. James MacKenzie. Boulder: University Press of Colorado; Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, 2016. Pp. ix + 368. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781607325567. Songs That Make the Road Dance: Courtship and Fertility Music of the Tz’utujil Maya . By Linda O’Brien-Rothe. Forewords by Allen J. Christenson and Sandra L. Orellana. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 244. $72.93 paperback. ISBN: 9781477305386. Language and Ethnicity among the K’ichee’ Maya . By Sergio Romero. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 123. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781607813972.
The Foundation of Somatic Cell Genetics

In addition to the discovery of the correct human diploid number, which set the stage for the development of medical genetics, several independent research activities during this period (1952–1959) contributed, directly or indirectly, to the field of mammalian and human cytogenetics. These research achievements are not really closely related, but 1 present them here together for the sake of brevity. I use the chapter title “Foundation of Somatic Cell Genetics” merely from the lack of a more appropriate heading. It is true, however, that all these advancements, especially the method of cloning cells in vitro introduced by T. T. Puck, eventually became important tools for the study of the genetics of somatic cells.
The Phenomenology of Responses to External and Internal Threats of Annihilation in War and Disease

In this paper the experiences of individuals who suffered imprisonment and torture by the hand of the Nazis during WW II, and long-term reactions to such experiences, will be compared with the experiences reported by patients with serious and terminal malignant disease. In some cases, patients in psychoanalysis or psychotherapy have had both experiences, i.e. they first suffered the stress of concentration camps during the war, and thirty years or so later developed a malignancy which brought them into therapy.
Blackbody Radiation, Atomic Emission, and Lasers

At the end of the nineteenth century electromagnetic theory and thermodynamics were well developed and there was the question of reunification of these theories. Blackbody radiation is the emission of electromagnetic radiation from a closed cavity at temperature T through a small hole (Figure 7.1). It was found that the frequency distribution of the emitted radiation was dependent upon the temperature T. M. Planck formulated the famous blackbody radiation law in 1900. He used electromagnetic theory and thermodynamics, but needed an assumption that marked the beginning of quantum theory. Planck’s law involved a fundamental physical constant, now called Planck’s constant. The emission of light from the blackbody was interpreted as quantum emission of light. In the first half of the last century, the quantum emission of atoms and molecules was studied and in the second half of the century the laser was developed. (“Laser” stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Open image in new window Figure 7.1 Schematic of a blackbody radiator. The body is surrounded by the heat bath of temperature T. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted and the frequency distribution depends on temperature T.
Normative Humanism as Redemptive Critique

It is unfortunate that Erich Fromm’s work has been marginalized in contemporary social and political theory, not to mention the empirical studies of social and political psychology. His various studies into the social-psychological character of modern individuals as well as his explorations into the dynamics of the personality system under the conditions of modern capitalist society remains an accomplishment of insight second to none.
Using computational modeling to assess use of cognitive strategies

Although there are many strategies and techniques that can improve memory, cognitive biases generally lead people to choose suboptimal memory strategies. In this study, participants were asked to memorize words while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The participants' memory performance and EEG data revealed that a self-testing (retrieval practice) strategy could improve memory. The majority of the participants did not use self-testing, but computational modeling revealed that a subset of the participants had brain activity that was consistent with this optimal strategy. We developed a model that characterized the brain activity associated with passive study and with explicit memory testing. We used that model to predict which participants adopted a self-testing strategy, and then evaluated the behavioral performance of those participants. This analysis revealed that, as predicted, the participants whose brain activity was consistent with a selftesting strategy had better memory performance at test.
Information and order of information effects on consumers' acceptance and valuation for genetically modified edamame soybean

This study examines two different strategies with respect to managing the order in which information about genetically modified (GM) technology would reach and impact consumers of edamame, often referred to as the "vegetable soybean". Edamame are soybeans harvested while the beans are young and soft. We capture consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for unlabeled edamame, non-GM edamame, and GM edamame using a non-hypothetical random nth price auction. We elicit consumers' valuation for each edamame product before and after introducing information, and test two strategies where the order of providing positive and negative information is reversed. The results suggest that negative information affects WTP to a much greater extent than positive information. Hence a strategy to proactively deal with eventual negative press about GM technology did not lead to a different result than a strategy that would react to or attempt to thwart negative information with positive information at a later date. These findings suggest that it would be difficult to introduce new GM edamame as edible products in the market as marginally negative preconceptions about GM at the time of the experiment were easier to reinforce with negative information than to combat with positive information about GM.
Towards provably-secure analog and mixed-signal locking against overproduction

Similar to digital circuits, analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits are also susceptible to supply-chain attacks such as piracy, overproduction, and Trojan insertion. However, unlike digital circuits, supply-chain security of AMS circuits is less explored. In this work, we propose to perform "logic locking" on digital section of the AMS circuits. The idea is to make the analog design intentionally suffer from the effects of process variations, which impede the operation of the circuit. Only on applying the correct key, the effect of process variations are mitigated, and the analog circuit performs as desired. We provide the theoretical guarantees of the security of the circuit, and along with simulation results for the band-pass filter, low-noise amplifier, and low-dropout regulator, we also show experimental results of our technique on a band-pass filter.
Complex DNA structures trigger copy number variation across the Plasmodium falciparum genome.

Antimalarial resistance is a major obstacle in the eradication of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Genome amplifications, a type of DNA copy number variation (CNV), facilitate overexpression of drug targets and contribute to parasite survival. Long monomeric A/T tracks are found at the breakpoints of many Plasmodium resistance-conferring CNVs. We hypothesize that other proximal sequence features, such as DNA hairpins, act with A/T tracks to trigger CNV formation. By adapting a sequence analysis pipeline to investigate previously reported CNVs, we identified breakpoints in 35 parasite clones with near single base-pair resolution. Using parental genome sequence, we predicted the formation of stable hairpins within close proximity to all future breakpoint locations. Especially stable hairpins were predicted to form near five shared breakpoints, establishing that the initiating event could have occurred at these sites. Further in-depth analyses defined characteristics of these ‘trigger sites’ across the genome and detected signatures of error-prone repair pathways at the breakpoints. We propose that these two genomic signals form the initial lesion (hairpins) and facilitate microhomology-mediated repair (A/T tracks) that lead to CNV formation across this highly repetitive genome. Targeting these repair pathways in P. falciparum may be used to block adaptation to antimalarial drugs.
Adopting Internet of Things for the development of smart buildings: A review of enabling technologies and applications

Abstract The 21st century is witnessing a fast-paced digital revolution. A significant trend is that cyber and physical environments are being unprecedentedly entangled with the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT). IoT has been widely immersed into various domains in the industry. Among those areas where IoT would make significant impacts are building construction, operation, and management by facilitating high-class services, providing efficient functionalities, and moving towards sustainable development goals. So far, IoT itself has entered an ambiguous phase for industrial utilization, and there are limited number of studies focusing on the application of IoT in the building industry. Given the promising future impact of IoT technologies on buildings, and the increasing interests in interdisciplinary research among academics, this paper investigates the state-of-the-art projects and adoptions of IoT for the development of smart buildings within both academia and industry contexts. The wide-ranging IoT concepts are provided, covering the necessary breadth as well as relevant topic depth that directly relates to smart buildings. Current enabling technologies of IoT, especially those applied to buildings and related areas are summarized, which encompasses three different layers based on the conventional IoT architecture. Afterwards, several recent applications of IoT technologies on buildings towards the critical goals of smart buildings are selected and presented. Finally, the priorities and challenges of successful and seamless IoT integration for smart buildings are discussed. Besides, this paper discusses the future research questions to advance the implementation of IoT technologies in both building construction and operation phases. The paper argues that a mature adoption of IoT technologies in the building industry is not yet realized and, therefore, calls for more attention from researchers in the relevant fields from the application perspective.
Barry Commoner’s Contribution to the Environmental Movement: Science and Social Action: Edited by David Kriebel; Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 2002, 92 pages

Dr. Barry Commoner is clearly one of the most influential environmentalists living today. This book is a tribute to his contributions to the fields of environment, occupational safety, agriculture,...
Should we consider subcellular compartmentalization of metabolites, and if so, how do we measure them?

Purpose of review To examine the consequences of metabolism compartmentalized at the subcellular level, provide prototypical examples of compartmentalized metabolism, and describe methods to examine compartmentalized metabolism. Recent findings Progress in metabolomics and isotope tracing has underscored the importance of subcellular compartments of metabolism. The discovery of biological effects of metabolites as bioenergetic intermediates, anabolic building blocks, signaling mediators, and effectors in posttranslation modifications of proteins and nucleic acids have highlighted the role of compartmentalization in determining metabolic fate. Recent advances in both direct and indirect methods to quantify compartmentalized metabolism have improved upon historical approaches. Genetically encoded metabolite sensors, chemical probes, immunoaffinity purification, and compartment-resolved metabolic modeling have all been recently applied to study compartmentalization. Summary Accurate measurement of metabolites in distinct subcellular compartments is important for understanding and pharmacologically targeting metabolic pathways in diverse disease contexts, including cancer, diabetes, heart failure, obesity, and regulation of the immune system. Direct and indirect approaches to quantify compartmentalized metabolism are advancing rapidly. Yet, major challenges remain in the generalizability, rigor, and interpretation of data from the available methods to quantify compartmentalized metabolism.
MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts for chemical-looping oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane.

MoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts containing 0.3–3 monolayer (ML) equivalents of MoO3 were prepared, characterized, and tested for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) in cyclic redox and co-feed modes. Submonolayer catalysts contain highly dispersed (2D) polymolybdate structures; a complete monolayer and bulk Al2(MoO4)3 are present at >1ML loadings. High ethylene selectivity (>90%) in chemical looping (CL) ODH correlates with Mo+VI to Mo+V reduction; COx selectivity is 1ML catalysts provide higher conversions albeit with 10%–18% lower selectivity and greater selectivity loss with increasing conversion. In co-feed mode, ethylene selectivity drops to 1ML loadings. High ethylene selectivity (>90%) in chemical looping (CL) ODH correlates with Mo+VI to Mo+V reduction; COx selectivity is 1ML catalysts provide higher conversions albeit with 10%–18% lower selectivity and greater selectivity loss with increasing conversion. In co-feed mode, ethylene selectivity drops to <50% at 46% conversion for a 0.6ML catalyst, but selectivity is virtually unaltere...
"I'm Leaving": Factors That Impact Against Medical Advice Disposition Post-Trauma.

Abstract Background Discharge against medical advice (AMA) is an important, yet understudied, aspect of health care—particularly in trauma populations. AMA discharges result in increased mortality, increased readmission rates, and higher health care costs. Objective The goal of this analysis was to determine what factors impact a patient's odds of leaving the hospital prior to treatment. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank on adult trauma patients (older than 14 years) from 2013 to 2015. Of the 1,770,570 patients with known disposition, excluding mortality, 24,191 patients (1.4%) left AMA. We ascertained patient characteristics including age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, ETOH, drug use, geographic location, Injury Severity Score (ISS), injury mechanism, and anatomic injury location. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine which patient factors were associated with AMA status. Results Uninsured (odds ratio [OR] 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–2.86) or Medicaid-insured (OR 2.50; 95% CI 2.37–2.63) trauma patients were significantly more likely to leave AMA than patients with private insurance. Compared to white patients, African-American patients (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02–1.11) were more likely, and Native-American (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52–0.75), Asian (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.49–0.69), and Hispanic (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.75–0.85) patients were less likely, to leave AMA when controlling for age, sex, ISS, and type of injury. Conclusions Insurance status, race, and ethnicity are associated with a patient's decision to leave AMA. Uninsured and Medicaid patients have more than twice the odds of leaving AMA. These findings demonstrate that racial and socioeconomic disparities are important targets for future efforts to reduce AMA rates and improve outcomes from blunt and penetrating trauma.
Malignant MIXED mullerian tumors and serous endometrial cancer: Molecular targets the need of the hour.

e18106Background: Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumors (carcinosarcomas) and serous variants are rare but aggressive endometrial cancers which constitute less than 5 percent of uterine tumors. Our aim ...
Leadership and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Is Compliance with IDEA a Path Toward Educational Equity?

The paper explores the equity concerns that arise from the intersection of special education systems and educational leadership at the district level, examining how three district-level special edu...
Abstract 6147: Myc-driven osteosarcoma murine model for dissecting the molecular genetics and novel therapeutic strategies for OS

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone tumor in pediatric patients, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Unfortunately, over the past four decades, there has been minimal progress towards improving patient outcomes, especially for those with metastatic disease. Currently, no effective molecular targeted therapies are available for the OS, however many OS patients possess genetically defined somatic DNA copy number alterations (SCNAs), including amplification of chromosome 8q24. 8q24.2 region harbors the oncogene c-Myc, and the SCNA is associated with decreased overall survival rates. Furthermore, enhanced c-Myc transcript levels are significantly correlated with worse prognosis. There is a scarcity of reliable and reproducible in vivo animal models that mimic SCNAs and can be used to provide both intrinsic and extrinsic molecular insights into c-Myc-osteosarcoma biology. We have developed a novel conditional c- Myc knock-in mouse model to understand the mechanisms that underlie the ability of c-Myc to drive development and progression of OS and utilize for identification of c-Myc-dependent molecular vulnerabilities. A tissue-specific GEMM for osteosarcoma was developed by altering p53 (f/+) and c-Myc (c- Myc-in) genes in the osteoblast derived cells. Either c-Myc WT or the c-Myc T58A phosphorylation mutant was knocked-in from the constitutively active ROSA26 locus in response to Cre-recombinase. Differential gene expression in c-Myc-driven and non-driven-tumor tissue samples were quantified by RNA sequencing. The protein expression profiles were evaluated for both groups by comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and reverse phase proteome analysis (RPPA). Osteosarcoma was confirmed for GEMM tumors by histopathological (HE 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6147.
Latent Class Analysis of Students’ Science Motivation: A Comparison Between the United States and China

Using latent class analysis (LCA), we examine the potential ways of classifying students’ science motivation in the United States and China using data from PISA 2015. Based on a set of nine observed variables of science motivation, we identify three subgroups of cases varied in their internal patterns of motivation, covering, respectively, 24.78%, 12.85%, and 62.37% of the entire sample size. Instead of classifying students into groups with a linear increase in motivation scores, latent class analysis shows that there are students who feel pure enjoyment in learning science but do not associate science with their future careers (Class 1), students who do not like learning science but believe science is important to their future (Class 2), and students who have both high enjoyment and the prospect of doing science for a living in the future (Class 3). Multinomial logistic regression reveals that science motivation groups are significantly affected by gender, nationality, and family background.
Application of an in Vitro Assay to Identify Chemicals That Increase Estradiol and Progesterone Synthesis and Are Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors.

Background: Established breast cancer risk factors, such as hormone replacement therapy and reproductive history, are thought to act by increasing estrogen and progesterone (P4) activity. Objective...
Eliminating the "Hanger" from Hunger.

On Hunger and Mood Ever notice that hunger whets temper? A recent behavioral and neurologic study of mice delineates a neural circuit that may undergird the connection between hunger and mood.
Multiple-version resources in digital libraries: Towards user-centered displays: Research Articles

The author reports findings from experiments with the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions' (IFLA) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) as applied to the domain of science fiction, Edwin A. Abbott's Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions in the Online Computer Library Center's (OCLC) WorldCat. The goal of the study is to gauge the characteristics of bibliographic entities under study, to examine types of relationships these entities exhibit, and to collocate bibliographic entities according to the FRBR group 1 hierarchy of entities identified as works, expressions, manifestations, and items. The study's findings show that by assembling bibliographic records into interrelated clusters and displaying these according to the FRBR entity-relationship model, a new navigational capability in networked digital libraries can be developed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The promise of cancer vaccines

From early excitement to total disillusionment and now gaining momentum again, cancer vaccination has been a real roller-coaster ride. Are the current expectations justified or will there be further disappointment? In this perspective article, I will discuss why the rationale of cancer vaccination does make sense after all and offer some thoughts and guidelines on how to get it right this time.
The ACM Interim Copyright Policy

Since 1994, ACM has been preparing to shift all its publication operations from paper-only to electronic distribution from a structured database. The first-phase computer system to support this will begin receiving author manuscripts in early 1996 and will store them in SGML format from which printed versions and electronic versions can be generated. ACM is doing this to accommodate shifts in author and reader practices that are emerging in the world-wide Internet. With this copyright policy, ACM aligns itself with those practices and becomes the first scientific publisher to adopt copyright policies for cyberspace.
Prejudice – Implicit and Explicit

Prejudice may be defined as feelings, sentiments, or evaluations of individuals simply because they are, or appear to be, members of a social group. Although the feelings, sentiments, or evaluations may be positive or negative, theorists and researchers have focused primarily on negative prejudices because of the problems associated with such feelings. Social groups should be considered in a broad manner, consisting of categories people typically use to distinguish themselves from others, such as race, ethnicity, gender, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, age, ability, and appearance. Keywords: stereotyping; discrimination
COPRESENCE AS ‘BEING WITH’

This article examines the issue of ‘ubiquitous connectivity’ on the Internet. The Internet, combined with the wireless technologies, is said to have made it possible for ‘anyone to contact anyone else anywhere at anytime’, but such ubiquity of connectivity has failed to materialize in actual human contact. Drawing on Goffman and Giddens's theories of human interaction, the authors make a distinction between co-location, which is a spatial relationship among individuals, and copresence, a social relationship. While co-location puts people within range of each other, copresence renders people mutually accessible for contact. However, the establishment of copresence is normatively regulated in society, which demarcates different regions of space for different types of activity. Social contact takes place in a domain where copresence is affected not only by the regionality of contact but also by the power relations that underlie personal affinity and social engagement. It is concluded that so long as there ar...
Anóoshi Lingít Aaní Ká / Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 and 1804

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2008 Pages: 560 Publisher: University of Washington Press ISBN: 978-0-295-98600-5 (hard cover). Prices: $60.00 USD(hard cover).
Developmental regulation of a Rhizobium cell surface antigen during growth of pea root nodules.

A monoclonal antibody, AFRC MAC 203, was used to examine the expression of a nodule-induced cell surface antigen associated with lipopolysaccharide in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841. Silver-enhanced immunogold-labeled tissue sections revealed that, in very young tissues of pea root nodules, the nodule-induced form of lipopolysaccharide antigen was not expressed either by rhizobia in the infection thread or by bacteria recently released into the plant cell cytoplasm. In the more mature regions of the nodule, the antigen was expressed by membrane-enclosed bacteroids, including immature forms that had not yet expressed the enzyme nitrogenase and were not yet Y shaped. Immunogold labeling of thin sections revealed that the MAC 203 antigen, but not the nitrogenase, was also expressed by bacteria in infection threads situated in and between bacteroid-containing plant cells in mature nodule tissue. Images
Glucocorticoid-induced impairment in declarative memory performance in adult humans

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a variety of effects on the brain including site-preferential, inhibitory effects on hippocampal neurons. In the case of dexamethasone (DEX), extended rather than single-dose treatment in vivo may be required for binding to brain rather than peripheral (e.g., pituitary) GC receptors and for maximizing other biologic effects in hippocampus (e.g., GC receptor downregulation, inhibition of glucose transport). Based on the contributory role of hippocampal neurons in declarative memory performance, we investigated the cognitive consequences of DEX treatment in normal adult human subjects, hypothesizing a decrease in declarative memory performance after extended but not overnight treatment. Double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment with DEX was given at 2300 hr for four consecutive days (0.5, 1, 1, 1 mg, respectively). Plasma sampling (0800 and 1600 hr) and cognitive testing (1600 hr) were performed on study days 0 (baseline), 1, and 4, and 7 d posttreatment. Repeated-measures ANOVA found a significant interaction between study day and treatment condition for correct recall during a paragraph recall task [F(3,51) = 3.52, p = 0.02]. DEX (n = 10) in comparison to placebo (n = 9) treatment decreased correct paragraph recall on study day 4 [F(1,17) = 5.01, p = 0.04] and study day 11 [F(1,17) = 5.82, p = 0.03], with the lowest level of performance occurring on day 4 followed by a return toward baseline performance level by day 11. In the placebo-treated subjects, correct paragraph recall improved over the course of treatment, consistent with practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sol negro sobre el Caribe: “la Tragedia de Vargas” en la nueva narrativa venezolana

Este articulo postula como rasgo esencial de la narrativa que se ocupa del regimen chavista la incorporacion de una tropologia del duelo y la abyeccion asociable a lo que Julia Kristeva define como “melancolia”. Ello se observa sobre todo en cuentos y novelas breves que evocan la “Tragedia de Vargas”, es decir, el desastre natural de diciembre de 1999 en que desaparecieron miles de personas y comunidades enteras sin respuestas oportunas del gobierno. La discusion se concentra en obras de Rodrigo Blanco Calderon, Jesus Nieves Montero, Antonio Lopez Ortega y Sonia Chocron, pero incluye referencias adicionales a otros autores venezolanos de relevancia en lo que va del siglo xxi.
Foundations of the Bandera Abstraction Tools

Current research is demonstrating that model-checking and other forms of automated finite-state verification can be effective for checking properties of software systems. Due to the exponential costs associated with model-checking, multiple forms of abstraction are often necessary to obtain system models that are tractable for automated checking.The Bandera Tool Set provides multiple forms of automated support for compiling concurrent Java software systems to models that can be supplied to several different model-checking tools. In this paper, we describe the foundations of Bandera's data abstraction mechanism which is used to reduce the cardinality (and the program's state-space) of data domains in software to be model-checked. From a technical standpoint, the form of data abstraction used in Bandera is simple, and it is based on classical presentations of abstract interpretation. We describe the mechanisms that Bandera provides for declaring abstractions, for attaching abstractions to programs, and for generating abstracted programs and properties. The contributions of this work are the design and implementation of various forms of tool support required for effective application of data abstraction to software components written in a programming language like Java which has a rich set of linguistic features.
X3D: Extensible 3D Graphics for Web Authors

X3D is the ISO-standard scene-graph language for interactive 3D graphics on the Web. A new course is available for teaching the fundamentals of 3D graphics using Extensible 3D (X3D). Resources include a detailed textbook, an authoring tool, hundreds of example scenes, and detailed slidesets covering each chapter. The published book is commercially available, while all other coursemodule resources are provided online free under an open-source license. Numerous other commercial and open resources are available for X3D, which also serves as an interchange format. The supported course has been taught for many years, successfully introducing masters' students to the principles and techniques of 3D graphics without requiring programming experience. This course and module appears to be ready for undergraduate use. Expressing 3D within the domain of Extensible Markup Language (XML) for the Web is novel and has the potential to open up computer graphics to many new practitioners. This combined resource is intended broadly support computer graphics education and skills for web authors.
Methane production by fermentor cultures acclimated to waste from cattle fed monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, or avoparcin.

The ability of microorganisms to ferment waste from cattle fed monensin, lasalocid, or salinomycin to methane was determined. Continuously mixed anaerobic fermentors with 3-liter working volumes at 55°C were used; fermentors were fed once per day. Initially, all fermentors were fed waste without antibiotics at 6% volatile solids (VSs, organic matter) and a 20-day retention time (RT) for 60 days. Waste from animals fed monensin, lasalocid, or salinomycin at 29, 20, and 16.5 mg per kg of feed, respectively, was added to duplicate fermentors at the above VSs, and RT. Avoparcin (5 to 45 mg/liter) was not fed to animals but was added directly to duplicate fermentors. Lasalocid and salinomycin had minimal effects on the rate of methane production at RTs of 20 days and later at 6.5 days. Avoparcin caused an increase in organic acids from 599 to 1,672 mg/liter (as acetate) after 4 weeks, but by 6 weeks, acid concentrations declined and the rate of methane production was similar to controls at a 6.5-day RT. The monensin fermentors stopped producing methane 3 weeks after antibiotic addition. However, after a 6-month acclimation period, the microorganisms apparently adapted, and methane production rates of 1.65 and 2.51 liters per liter of fermentor volume per day were obtained with 6% VSs, and RTs of 10 and 6.5 days, respectively. This compares with 1.78 and 2.62 liters/liter per day for controls (P > 0.05). All fermentors that were fed waste containing antibiotics had lower pH values and ammonia and alkalinity concentrations, suggesting less buffering capacity and protein catabolism than in controls. Acclimation results obtained with fermentors at 35°C were similar to those for fermentors at 55°C. These studies indicate that waste from cattle fed these selected growth-promoting antibiotics can be thermophilically fermented to methane at RTs of 6.5 days or longer and VS concentrations of 6%, at rates comparable to waste without antibiotics.
Soviet literature on the nervous system and psychobiology of Cetacea.

Publisher Summary This chapter surveys the nervous system and psychobiology of cetacea. A number of studies focus on the peripheral and central anatomy of the auditory system, the simplicity of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the elaboration of the ventral cochlear and higher acoustic nuclei, and the unspecialized character of the very large auditory cortex, which is high in the parietal lobe. The cerebral cortex has attracted repeated attention because of its strange combination of great extent, thinness, less marked lamination and regional differentiation, and relative paucity of limbic structures compared to primates, carnivores, and other mammals. Behavioral studies of audition and of the production of acoustic signals are numerous. The physiology of the cerebral cortex is studied by recording evoked potentials in the unanesthetized dolphin. The main effort in the chapter has been to map areas responsive to clicks, light flashes, skin stimuli, and direct electrical stimulation of the motor cortex. Some of the physiological properties of responses and limited evidence of primary and secondary sensory projection areas are reported and self-stimulation of motivational regions (striopallidal system and cingulate gyrus) is studied.