cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Core loss estimation of high speed electric machines: An assessment

High speed electric machines have been gaining significant interest over the last several years. This is mainly due to several advantages including increased power density and lower cost. High speed machines can allow for the elimination of gear box to achieve higher reliability and reduced maintenance of the full drive system. One of the challenges with designing high speed machine is accurate estimation of core loss. This paper will introduce both opportunities and challenges of estimating core loss for high speed electric machines. First, this paper will summarize core loss characterization and modeling based on physical and mathematical formulation. The limitation of classical Steinmetz equation is explained and a modified Steinmetz equation with variable coefficients is presented to improve accuracy of the core loss estimation for wide frequency and flux density range. Several contributing factors are also reviewed for estimation of core loss with consideration of arbitrary excitation waveform, flux density distribution, and the skin effect. This paper explains a core loss model for permanent magnet electric machines and discusses the dependency of core loss on machine dimensions as well. Finally, future opportunities are suggested for core loss estimation of high speed machines.
Moved by the Masses: A Social Identity Perspective on Inspiration

Inspiration is a state, evoked from some source, which creates a form of approach motivation within an individual to work toward a goal, usually associated with a creative task or product. Previous research has explored inspiration as a trait which varies in the level of intensity and frequency that one is inspired by a given source. The present research views inspiration from a social identity perspective. In Study 1, we examined the associations between ingroup identification and both state and trait inspiration. In Study 2, we manipulated salient group identity and examined ingroup identification as a mediator of salient identity and felt inspiration. In Study 3, we manipulated outgroup comparisons to examine inspiration change. Combined, the present research offers insight into how one’s group influences how ingroup members are inspired.
Ancient bacteria–amoeba relationships and pathogenic animal bacteria

Long before bacteria infected humans, they infected amoebas, which remain a potentially important reservoir for human disease. Diverse soil amoebas including Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba can host intracellular bacteria. Though the internal environment of free-living amoebas is similar in many ways to that of mammalian macrophages, they differ in a number of important ways, including temperature. A new study in PLOS Biology by Taylor-Mulneix et al. demonstrates that Bordetella bronchiseptica has two different gene suites that are activated depending on whether the bacterium finds itself in a hot mammalian or cool amoeba host environment. This study specifically shows that B. bronchiseptica not only inhabits amoebas but can persist and multiply through the social stage of an amoeba host, Dictyostelium discoideum.
Association between neoadjuvant chemoradiation and survival for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Aim To examine the overall survival differences of neoadjuvant therapy modalities: no therapy, chemotherapy alone, radiation alone, and chemoradiation in a large cohort of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Method Adults with clinical stage II and III rectal adenocarcinoma were selected from the National Cancer Database and grouped by type of neoadjuvant therapies received: no therapy, chemotherapy only, radiotherapy only, or chemoradiation. Multivariable regression methods were used to compare adjusted differences in perioperative outcomes and overall survival. Results Among 32978 patients included, 9714 (29.5%) received no neoadjuvant therapy, 890 (2.7%) chemotherapy only, 1170 (3.5%) radiotherapy only, and 21204 (64.3%) chemoradiation. Compared to no therapy, chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone was not associated with any adjusted differences in surgical margin positivity, permanent colostomy rate, or overall survival (all p > 0.05). With adjustment, neoadjuvant chemoradiation vs. no therapy was associated with a lower likelihood of surgical margin positivity (OR 0.74, p < 0.001), decreased rate of permanent colostomy (OR 0.77, p < 0.001), and overall survival (HR 0.79, p < 0.001). When compared to chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, chemoradiation remain associated with improved overall survival (vs. chemotherapy alone: HR 0.83, p = 0.04; vs. radiotherapy alone: HR 0.83, p < 0.019). Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemoradiation, not chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone, is important for sphincter preservation, R0 resection, and survival for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Despite this finding, one-third of patients in the United States with locally advanced rectal cancer fail to receive stage-appropriate chemoradiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Genetic Basis of Male and Female Infertility

Male and female infertility affects close to 50 million couples worldwide according to a recent World Health Organization estimate. Many of the 25-30% of couples with idiopathic infertility likely have a genetic etiology for their condition. Next-generation sequencing has identified many new putative causes of infertility in recent years, which are discussed in this chapter. Genetic and genomic causes of infertility can be divided into cytogenetic anomalies, gene defects, and epigenetic aberrances. The discussion of male infertility focuses on genetic factors impairing spermatogenesis and includes numerical chromosomal anomalies such as Klinefelter syndrome, structural chromosomal anomalies such as Y-chromosome microdeletions, certain single gene mutations, syndromic diseases, and epigenetic mutations. The discussion of female infertility includes chromosomal anomalies like Turner syndrome, as well as genetic and epigenetic mutations identified as causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, premature ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. In conclusion, new genetic testing methods have significantly advanced our knowledge of the genetic basis of male and female infertility. However, the list of known candidate abnormalities is not exhaustive, and further research is required to understand how each candidate mutation influences fertility.
The Role of the Applicant’s Moral Identity and the Firm’s Performance on the Ethical Signals/Organization Attraction Relationship

Both the organization and recruiter provide signals to candidates that ultimately affect organizational attraction. Ethics is an important area that communicates vital information to candidates. Drawing on social identity theory, signaling theory, and person–organization fit, this study finds that ethical signals during the recruitment process do affect applicant attraction. Additionally, two important moderators, self-importance of moral identity and firm performance were examined. Using a robust laboratory study (n = 665), this research found results generally consistent with the hypothesized relationships.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Do TNF inhibitors influence lymphoma development?

TNF inhibition is associated with an increased risk of lymphoma development. But is this association due to the TNF inhibitors themselves or the patient's underlying disease?
Calcium Oxide and Calcium Hydroxide Treatment at Various Moisture Levels of Cornstalks and Fescue Hay

Calcium Oxide (CaO) and Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) treatment of forage when a fresh alkali product is used can improve the digestibility of some forage, but not all forages stand to benefit. In these trials the treatments at lower moisture did not combust and there was evidence that the treatment was effective in increasing digestibility at moistures less than 50%. Less water or possible no water addition might allow for easier treatment of forages. Larger scale treatments should be evaluated. It would be interesting to see if the alkali treatment has different effect on different particle sizes of forage.
Heat activation is intrinsic to the pore domain of TRPV1

The TRPV1 channel is a sensitive detector of pain-producing stimuli, including noxious heat, acid, inflammatory mediators, and vanilloid compounds. Although binding sites for some activators have been identified, the location of the temperature sensor remains elusive. Using available structures of TRPV1 and voltage-activated potassium channels, we engineered chimeras wherein transmembrane regions of TRPV1 were transplanted into the Shaker Kv channel. Here we show that transplanting the pore domain of TRPV1 into Shaker gives rise to functional channels that can be activated by a TRPV1-selective tarantula toxin that binds to the outer pore of the channel. This pore-domain chimera is permeable to Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ions, and remarkably, is also robustly activated by noxious heat. Our results demonstrate that the pore of TRPV1 is a transportable domain that contains the structural elements sufficient for activation by noxious heat.
Variation in grazing management practices supports diverse butterfly communities across grassland working landscapes

Landscape changes and resource exploitation have driven global biodiversity declines and reduced provision of ecological functions and services. In grassland working landscapes managed for ecological services and livestock production, it is essential to understand the influence of grazing practices on biodiversity to guide conservation. We used grassland butterflies to investigate the effects of four grazing management practices on biodiversity and pollination services from 2015 to 2016. We hypothesized grazing management practices would generate differing floristic resources that would thereby influence grassland butterfly community composition. To address our hypothesis, we sampled floral resources using belt transects and butterfly community and species level dynamics using line-transect distance sampling. We detected 2578 butterflies representing 34 species. Management practice was not a significant predictor of floral (p = 0.319) or butterfly community composition (p = 0.604), and sites under the same management showed dissimilarity in ordination space, indicating differences that may not be associated with grazing practices. At the species level, management explained density for six of nine butterfly species, but no individual management practice was optimal for a majority of detected species. Thus, over the timeframe of this study, grazing management practices did not generate differences in floristic community composition to drive community-level responses in grassland butterflies. Rather, management drove differences in individual species’ abundance within the butterfly community, likely contributing to the butterfly diversity observed at a broader scale.
Are federal PACs obsolete

In the wake of Citizens United, political action committees (PACs) face new sources of competition from super PACs and 501(c)4 social welfare organizations and 501(c)6 professional associations for both donor contributions and electoral influence. Using itemized and summary committee files from the U.S. Federal Election Commission, I investigate factors that predict PACs’ fundraising success between 2008 and 2014 and I examine the impact of PAC contributions on House candidates’ vote margins since 1992. While I uncover evidence of PAC fundraising challenges that may relate to growing competition from other groups, I also find PAC contributions to House candidates have increased in importance. Taken together, the results suggest PACs continue to occupy a vital niche in campaign financing.
Empirical Exploration of Language Modeling for the google.com Query Stream as Applied to Mobile Voice Search

Mobile is poised to become the predominant platform over which people access the World Wide Web. Recent developments in speech recognition and understanding, backed by high bandwidth coverage and high quality speech signal acquisition on smartphones and tablets are presenting the users with the choice of speaking their web search queries instead of typing them. A critical component of a speech recognition system targeting web search is the language model. The chapter presents an empirical exploration of the google.com query stream with the end goal of high quality statistical language modeling for mobile voice search. Our experiments show that after text normalization the query stream is not as “wild” as it seems at first sight. One can achieve out-of-vocabulary rates below 1% using a 1 million word vocabulary, and excellent n-gram hit ratios of 77/88% even at high orders such as \( n=5/4\), respectively. A more careful analysis shows that a significantly larger vocabulary (approx. 10 million words) may be required to guarantee at most 1% out-of-vocabulary rate for a large percentage (95%) of users. Using large scale, distributed language models can improve performance significantly—up to 10% relative reductions in word-error-rate over conventional models used in speech recognition. We also find that the query stream is non-stationary, which means that adding more past training data beyond a certain point provides diminishing returns, and may even degrade performance slightly. Perhaps less surprisingly, we have shown that locale matters significantly for English query data across USA, Great Britain and Australia. In an attempt to leverage the speech data in voice search logs, we successfully build large-scale discriminative N-gram language models and derive small but significant gains in recognition performance.
The role of intersegmental dynamics in coordination of the forelimb joints during unperturbed and perturbed skilled locomotion

This is the first study to investigate joint control during the swing phase of skilled, accuracy-dependent locomotion in the cat and how this control is altered to adapt to known and unexpected per...
Advanced Technologies for Large-Scale Plant Factories—Integration of Industrial and Systems Engineering Approach in Controlled Environment Crop Production

Abstract Industrial and systems engineering has been widely applied to analyze and optimize complex processes in various industries taking a highly computational approach. Plant factory-based production systems can utilize the same approach to effectively increase efficiency and reduce the cost of crop production under controlled environment. This chapter introduces our transdisciplinary work of integrating controlled environment crop production technologies, industrial and systems engineering, and agricultural economics using plant propagation nursery industries and their supply chain as a model case.
212 CHILDHOOD TOOTH DECAY PREVENTION: EDUCATING PARENTS IN MOSCOW, IDAHO.

Purpose Many parents are not aware that the first permanent molars, erupting around ages 5 to 7, are the most susceptible to tooth decay. Several interventions exist to prevent dental caries, and studies show that childhood tooth decay can be reduced through oral health education with parents. An education project was developed in Moscow, Idaho, to inform parents of prekindergarten children of measures for preventing childhood tooth decay. Methods This project took place in several venues. First, the 5-year-old well-child electronic patient handout at Moscow Family Medicine was updated to include information about permanent tooth eruption and dental sealants. Second, a dental decay prevention booth was set up at the local farmers market with an informative poster, sealant brochures, fluoride handouts, and free children9s toothbrushes. The booth was staffed by a local dental hygienist and a second-year medical student, and parents9 knowledge of preventive measures was informally assessed. Third, the Moscow Head Start Program was given a poster on dental decay prevention and sealant and fluoride brochures for further education of the parents of prekindergarten children. Results Caries prevention techniques were discussed with more than 100 parents at the farmers market and more than 120 sealant brochures and children9s toothbrushes were distributed. Although many parents understood the importance of flossing, brushing, and fluoride, fewer knew about sealants, and none realized that permanent teeth appear in children as young as 5 years old. Numerous more parents now have access to tooth eruption and decay prevention information through the Moscow Family Medicine 5-year-old well-child electronic patient handouts and the Moscow Head Start Program. Conclusion Parent education is critical to and effective in preventing childhood decay. Our assessment suggests that many parents lack a thorough understanding of the timing of permanent tooth eruption and of the measures available to prevent tooth decay. There is likely great potential for improvement in preventive dental care in children, and education programs like those described here may be an effective means to do so. In the future, formal studies should more rigorously assess parents9 dental hygiene knowledge and determine the efficacy of specific interventions for providing childhood dental decay education.
Security and Stability Control System Simulation Using RTDS

Analyzing performance of security and stability control system is of great importance for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Digital dynamic experimental model is built by real time digital simulation (RTDS) in order to research security and stability system of Inner Mongolia in northern 500kV transmission channel. The whole process is closed-loop dynamic real-time simulation. According to power grid network testing technology standard, all kinds of stability control devices need to be tested in a comprehensive system. Focus on the following items: security and stability control strategy, tripping criterion as well as power system low frequency oscillations. Results of the trial indicated that the simulation test platform based on RTDS have the ability of detecting the safe and stable device. It can reflect the action behavior and control characteristics of the safe and stable device accurately. The device can be used in the case of low frequency oscillation of the system.
Loss of Peak Vision in Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients Treated for Macular Edema.

Purpose To evaluate long-term visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Design Prospective, interventional case series. Participants Patients with central RVO (CRVO) or branch RVO (BRVO). Methods Number of anti-VEGF injections and improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were prospectively recorded in 40 eyes of 39 CRVO patients and 50 eyes of 47 BRVO patients. Results Mean follow-up was 58 months for BRVO and 78 months for CRVO. Within 6 months of last follow-up, 58% of BRVO patients and 75% of CRVO patients required anti-VEGF injections to control edema. Analysis of the course of each patient over time showed that for BRVO patients, BCVA letter score increased by a mean of 24, from baseline of 52 (20/100) to peak of 76 (20/32), and subsequently decreased by 13, to 63 (20/50), at final visit; and for CRVO patients, BCVA letter score increased by a mean of 26, from baseline of 48 (20/100) to peak of 74 (20/32), and subsequently decreased by 18, to 56 (20/80), at last follow-up. Loss from peak BCVA occurred primarily owing to persistent/recurrent edema and related foveal damage. Conclusions Patients with RVO showed large improvements in BCVA after initiation of anti-VEGF injections, but in many patients some visual gains were lost over time owing to bouts of recurrent edema. Sustained suppression of VEGF may help to provide optimal outcomes in RVO and reduce treatment burden.
Hemoglobin J in an American Caucasian family of Swedish ancestry.

Two instances of the heterozygous state of hemoglobin J are described in the male members of an American Caucasian family of Swedish ancestry.
Aortitis caused by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis: a case-based review.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a systemic necrotizing small vessel vasculitis primarily affecting elderly patients. Neutrophil apoptosis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators promote small vessel inflammation and hence multi-organ disease. It rarely affects larger vessels with extremely rare aortic involvement. Diagnosis is made based on clinical presentation, tissue biopsy of affected organ, as well as immunofluorescence and ELISA assays for ANCA. Management includes immunosuppression (e.g., glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide and rituximab) and supportive therapy. We present a rare case of a younger patient with AAV involving the aorta. The patient’s diagnosis was supported by clinical presentation, systemic organ involvement, strongly positive c-ANCA, and skin as well as aortic tissue biopsy results. After failing multiple immunosuppressants, he responded well to rituximab with improved symptoms, inflammatory markers, and imaging findings. Based on our literature review, we were only able to find ten cases of ANCA-related vasculitis involving the aorta. This is the first reported case of successful treatment of AAV-related aortitis using rituximab. Our case report and literature review provide insight into treatment of severe cases of AAV with aortic involvement.
Using Density-Based Fishery Management Strategies to Respond to Mass Mortality Events

Extreme environmental events that trigger mass mortalities are making fisheries management more challenging. Catastrophic events can have unforeseen impacts on fished resources outside the scope of fishery models and management plans. Mass mortality events (MME) that rapidly reduce densities can decrease the productivity of Haliotis spp. abalone and other benthic free spawning marine invertebrates that require minimum densities for reproductive success. Density-based indicators using fishery-independent measures of density on the fishing grounds serve as an important alternative source of information for management. In northern California, this approach is used to manage the recreational red abalone Haliotis rufescens fishery using densities at key fished sites to guide management. In 2011, a harmful algal bloom (HAB) impacted the southern region of the fishery providing a test of the density-based indicators. Surveys following the HAB revealed a 35% decrease in average density in the southern portion and a decrease in the fishery overall. Empirical fishery-independent density surveys could be used in a range of fisheries for detection of impacts from nonclimate-related stressors such as overfishing and pollution as well as climate-related stressors such as warming, acidification, hypoxia, and disease bolstering climate-ready management. Ecosystem indicators may also be used as early indicators of future changes to productivity. As climate change is predicted to increase the intensity and frequency of MME, managers will need to use sensitive indicators to inform effective climate-ready management responses.
Patient decision aid for medication treatment for opioid use disorder (PtDA-MOUD): Rationale, methodology, and preliminary results.

Abstract Background and aims As treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) expands within general healthcare settings such as primary care, mechanisms to facilitate decision-making processes are increasingly necessary. Decision aids have the capacity to bolster existing resources in diverse treatment settings by increasing knowledge of treatment options and facilitating shared decision making. The aim of this study is to develop and test a patient decision aid for medication treatment for opioid use disorder (PtDA-MOUD) that assists individuals with OUD in making informed decisions about treatment at the time of initial clinical visit. Use of the PtDA-MOUD will be further tested in diverse treatment settings within the California Hub and Spoke System developed under the SAMHSA State Targeted Response to the Opioid Crisis grants. Methods The PtDA-MOUD was iteratively developed with input from a scientific expert panel and both patient and provider focus groups, incorporating International Patient Decision Aid Standards. Thirty-six patients with OUD entering treatment pilot tested the PtDA and completed assessments, and results from clinical records were compared with matched controls who did not receive the PtDA. A clinical profile based on assessment data was created for use within the clinical visit. Results The developed decision aid provides information on MOUD and captures patient characteristics relevant to medication treatment decisions. Feedback indicated that the PtDA-MOUD was feasible to implement and useful. Though the small sample size limited the ability to detect significant differences (p > .05), a greater number of individuals who reviewed the PtDA (37%) were inducted on MOUD than controls (11%) and received MOUD for more days (M = 14.0, SD = 24.7) than controls (M = 8.4; SD = 22.5). Moreover, the difference in means for days receiving MOUD had an approximately medium effect size (r = 0.25). Conclusions Patient perceptions of the decision aid were favorable and it showed promise as a tool in the OUD treatment process. Pilot testing results suggested preliminary positive effects on MOUD initiation. Future phases of this study will further investigate the usefulness of this tool. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03394261
PCSK9 Inhibitors and Neurocognitive Adverse Events: Exploring the FDA Directive and a Proposal for N-of-1 Trials

Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a novel class of medications that greatly lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by upregulating LDL receptor availability. In early 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) directed developers of PCSK9 inhibitors to monitor neurocognitive adverse effects and consider neurocognitive testing in at least a subset of participants in ongoing late-stage trials. Available trial evidence indicates that neurocognitive adverse events may occur more commonly in individuals receiving an antibody to PCSK9, but these events are uncommon and have not been associated with on-treatment LDL-C levels. Moreover, it is unclear to what extent closer monitoring of trial participants allocated to PCSK9 inhibitors has led to an ascertainment bias. Regardless, further trial data are needed, and long-term outcomes trials are ongoing, with at least one including a neurocognitive substudy. Considering lessons learned from the statin experience, high-quality prospective cohort studies and randomized trials may not be enough to allay concerns or settle debate since the focus of effect in these studies is the group average. Therefore, we suggest that n-of-1 trials could be considered to bring the focus to the individual while retaining the benefits of blinding and randomization in evidence generation. Ultimately, any neurocognitive adverse effects that might exist with PCSK9 inhibition and lipid lowering must be weighed against potential benefits of therapy, including avoidance of myocardial infarction and stroke, and a reduced risk of dementia due to neurovascular benefits from long-term lipid lowering.
Liquid chromatography above 20,000 PSI

Continued improvements in HPLC have led to faster and more efficient separations than previously possible. One important aspect of these improvements has been the increase in instrument operating pressure and the advent of ultrahigh pressure LC (UHPLC). Commercial instrumentation is now capable of up to ~20 kpsi, allowing fast and efficient separations with 5-15 cm columns packed with sub-2 μm particles. Home-built instruments have demonstrated the benefits of even further increases in instrument pressure. The focus of this review is on recent advancements and applications in liquid chromatography above 20 kpsi. We outline the theory and advantages of higher pressure and discuss instrument hardware and design capable of withstanding 20 kpsi or greater. We also overview column packing procedures and stationary phase considerations for HPLC above 20 kpsi, and lastly highlight a few recent applicatioob pressure instruments for the analysis of complex mixtures.
Hieroglyphic Texting: Ideologies and Practices of Classic Maya Written Evidence

Given current interests in indigenous ontologies and multiple worldviews, archaeologists drawing on textual evidence must more fully contextualize ancient texts according to how they were perceived and experienced, and understood as capable, in the cultures that created them. This endeavour has methodological impacts for modern interpretations, shifting how we interpret textual evidence as a result of how written realities and histories might have been conceptualized in the past. I examine these topics through the case study of the Classic Maya (250–900 ad, Mexico and Central America), using imagery on painted ceramic vessels. I examine how the Classic Maya understood text and writing, asking: how were texts perceived? How did people relate to them? What capabilities were texts understood to have? Based on observations gleaned from the ways in which glyphs are shown, the ways people are shown interacting with them and the work that glyphs apparently accomplish, I argue that the Classic Maya understood texts to be real, relational and persistent. This article suggests a new direction for archaeological thinking about ancient written sources, complementary to other interpretive approaches to texts, by exploring productive possibilities that emerge when we take ancient experiential perspectives into account.
Macrophage Immunometabolism and Inflammaging: Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Cellular Senescence, CD38, and NAD.

Aging is a complex process that involves dysfunction on multiple levels, all of which seem to converge on inflammation. Macrophages are intimately involved in initiating and resolving inflammation, and their dysregulation with age is a primary contributor to inflammaging—a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation that develops during aging. Among the age-related changes that occur to macrophages are a heightened state of basal inflammation and diminished or hyperactive inflammatory responses, which seem to be driven by metabolic-dependent epigenetic changes. In this review article we provide a brief overview of mitochondrial functions and age-related changes that occur to macrophages, with an emphasis on how the inflammaging environment, senescence, and NAD decline can affect their metabolism, promote dysregulation, and contribute to inflammaging and age-related pathologies.
Abstract 3527: Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathies associated with solid tumor: A review of published literature

Background: Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathies (PGN) are paraneoplastic syndromes associated with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. PGN is difficult to differentiate from other forms of glomerulonephropathies and standard management of glomerulonephropathies is often ineffective. A delay in diagnosis may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. To date, no retrospective or prospective data on PGN have been published. We reviewed clinical variables, treatment, and outcome in published case reports of PGN associated with solid tumors over the past three decades. Methods: We conducted a search to identify published case reports on solid tumors associated with PGN in English PubMed-indexed journals. Keywords used included: “solid tumor”, “lung cancer”, “gastrointestinal cancer”, “gynecological cancer”, “genitourinary cancer”, “paraneoplastic nephropathy,” “paraneoplastic glomerulopathy,” “minimal change disease,” “IgA nephropathy,” “membranoproliferative,” “membranous,” “nephropathy” and “glomerulonephropathy”. Published articles from January 1st, 1987 to November 30,2019 were screened. Included were the patients who had laboratory and/or biopsy proven nephrotic syndrome in association with a solid tumor diagnosis. Results: We identified 95 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median age of the patients were 58 years. The majority of the patients were male (65%). Among them, 37 (39%) were diagnosed with PGN prior to the diagnosis of cancer. Membranous nephropathy (41%) was the most common subtype, followed by minimal change disease (17%), focal segmental glomerulonephritis (14%) and IgA nephropathy (11%). Genitourinary cancers (36%) followed by lung cancers (30%), gastrointestinal cancers (15%) and gynecological cancers (13%) are the common cancers associated with PGN. Among the patients, 44 (46%) had non-metastatic tumors, 39 (41%) had metastatic tumors and 12 (13%) were unspecified. Treatment information were available for 79 of 95 (83%) patients. Overall, PGN improved in 76% of patients who received definitive or systemic therapy with or without steroid compared to 57% of patients who were treated with steroid alone. Definitive and systemic treatment alone led to improvement of PGN in 24 of 29 (83%) patients without metastasis and 13 of 17 (76%) patients with metastasis. Conclusions: PGNs associated with solid tumors are rare and can happen in both non-metastatic and metastatic cancers. Diagnosis of PGN might precede the diagnosis of cancer. Definitive or systemic anticancer therapies improved PGN in most cases and were more effective than steroid alone. Citation Format: Xiaojie Zhang, Asit K. Paul. Paraneoplastic glomerulonephropathies associated with solid tumor: A review of published literature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3527.
Review of the impacts of bioturbation on the environmental behavior of contaminant in sediment

The feeding,burrowing,and reworking of benthic invertebrates,collectively termed bioturbation. Bioturbation is one of most important ecological processes,which can cause the redistribution of particles and interstitial water in sediments,and therefore have significant affects on the physical,chemical and biological properties of the sediment. In particular,bioturbation redistribute particles and porewater in sediment and thereby increase the surface area available for sediment-water interface exchange of nutrients and contaminants, resulting in significant changes on the sorption characteristics of the sediment. Hence,the environmental behavior of contaminant in sediment was significantly influenced by the bioturbation. For the nitrogen,bioturbation can impact it's biogeochemistry in two routes. One is that bioturbation can stimulate the solute exchanges( oxygen and metabolites) across the water- sediment interface and then enhance the microbial processes such as nitrification and denitrification. The other is that bioturbation can enhance the exposed area of sediment to water and air,thus accelerated the exchange of nitrogen at the sediment-water interface. For the phosphorus, the bioturbation have significantly effect on it' s biogeochemical cycling,including the increase of the release of soluble reactive phosphorus( SRP) from sediment to water and alteration the chemical form of phosphorus. Furthermore,the degradation of organic phosphorus was enhanced by bioturbation. For heavy metals,bioturbation can alter the environmental behavior of metals in sediment in several ways. The first way is that the spatial heterogeneity of sedimentary metal levels was influenced by the bioturbation. The second way is that the bioturbation lead to a significant flux of metals to water. The third way is that the bioturbation can affect the chemical form of heavy metals. For the hydrophobic organic contaminants( HOCs),the release,bioaccumulation and biodegradation of them were significantly affected by the bioturbation. On one hand,bioturbation can lead to a significant increase flux of HOCs to water. On the other hands,bioturbation can enhance the benthos bioaccumulation the HOCs. Addition,due to bioturbation has been confirmed to increase the abundance of microorganisms and the oxygen in the sediment,thus the biodegradation of HOCs were enhanced.
Sourcing Plan with Price Discount to Achieve Sustainability and Cost Efficiency

We study a purchasing firm’s sourcing plan, which includes the sustainability performance of its supply chain as an important criterion while considering cost efficiency. The suppliers of the firm are different in terms of not only their initial sustainability performance and learning efficiency to improve it, but also their production capacity and price menus, which offer discounts at various order quantities. We first transfer suppliers’ nonlinear and discontinuous price discount structure into piece-wise linear segments and incorporated them with the purchasing firm’s comprehensive sourcing plan. An optimization model is then developed to solve this complex while practical problem. Numerical tests are conducted to study the impact of cost factors versus sustainability performance factors on the souring plan. In particular, the impact of the supplier’s discount pricing strategy is investigated in single, dual, and multiple sourcing configurations. Multiple regression models are developed to examine the test results and analyze their robustness. Our results are not only valuable for a firm to design its sourcing plan but also provide insights for suppliers in designing price menus to increase their competitive advantage in the supply market.
Teacher-Implemented Functional Analysis and Treatment: A Method for Linking Assessment to Intervention

One of the main issues in school-based interventions is determining what type of data need to be collected so that an appropriate treatment may be designed. Functional assessment/analysis has been ...
Stringy torsion

Over the years a third-rank antisymmetric tensor field, derived as the exterior derivative of a potential, has been considered as a part of string theory Lagrangians. It is shown that this antisymmetric field arises naturally in a theory of gravitation with a torsion potential in four dimensions. In this case, the physical significance of the antisymmetric field corresponds to a propagating spin field, and the material source is shown to consist of a loop, and not a point.
Current Understanding of Pathological Mechanisms of Lymphedema

Significance: Lymphedema is a common disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide with significant financial and social burdens. Despite increasing prevalence and associated morbid...
Transient Increase in the α3-isoform of Na,K-ATPase in Rat Erythroblastic Cells

Using immunoelectron microscopy and isoform-specific antibodies against Na,K-ATPase to study changes in Na,K-ATPase in rat erythroblastic cells during maturation, we unexpectedly observed numerous antigenic sites against the α3-isoform in the cytoplasmic phase. There was an increase in the number of α3-isoforms after denucleation of the erythroblast. The increase was transient. As the reticulocyte matured into a red blood cell, the number of α3-isoforms was reduced drastically. This α3-isoform was distributed in a reticular pattern resembling the double layers of endoplasmic reticulum. Western blot analysis confirms the presence of the α3-isoform in these cells. X-ray microanalysis of the erythroid series of cells in the bone marrow shows that sodium concentration in the young reticulocyte is higher than that in the nucleated erythroblast. The reason for the transient increase in this pump p rotein is not clear. It is possible that the increase in sodium concentration in the reticulocyte plays a role in the increase in pump protein synthesis.
Developmental exposure to 50 parts-per-billion arsenic influences histone modifications and associated epigenetic machinery in a region- and sex-specific manner in the adult mouse brain

Epidemiological studies report that arsenic exposure via drinking water adversely impacts cognitive development in children and, in adults, can lead to greater psychiatric disease susceptibility, among other conditions. While it is known that arsenic toxicity has a profound effect on the epigenetic landscape, very few studies have investigated its effects on chromatin architecture in the brain. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to a low level of arsenic (50ppb) during all three trimesters of fetal/neonatal development induces deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), depressive-like symptoms, and alterations in gene expression in the adult mouse brain. As epigenetic processes control these outcomes, here we assess the impact of our developmental arsenic exposure (DAE) paradigm on global histone posttranslational modifications and associated chromatin-modifying proteins in the dentate gyrus and frontal cortex (FC) of adult male and female mice. DAE influenced histone 3K4 trimethylation with increased levels in the male DG and FC and decreased levels in the female DG (no change in female FC). The histone methyltransferase MLL exhibited a similar sex- and region-specific expression profile as H3K4me3 levels, while histone demethylase KDM5B expression trended in the opposite direction. DAE increased histone 3K9 acetylation levels in the male DG along with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) expression of GCN5 and decreased H3K9ac levels in the male FC along with decreased HAT expression of GCN5 and PCAF. DAE decreased expression of histone deacetylase enzymes HDAC1 and HDAC2, which were concurrent with increased H3K9ac levels but only in the female DG. Levels of H3 and H3K9me3 were not influenced by DAE in either brain region of either sex. These findings suggest that exposure to a low, environmentally relevant level of arsenic during development leads to long-lasting changes in histone methylation and acetylation in the adult brain due to aberrant expression of epigenetic machinery based on region and sex.
Supreme Court Amicus Brief (Cert Stage) of Civil Procedure and Securities Law Professors in Support of Certiorari, Public Employees' Retirement System of Mississippi v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., No. 13-640 (filed Dec. 26, 2013)

Amici curiae law professors filed this brief in the United States Supreme Court in support of certiorari in Public Employees’ Retirement System of Mississippi v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., No. 13-640, regarding the applicability of American Pipe’s protective tolling rule to the three-year limitations period in Section 13 of the Securities Act in securities class actions under Rule 23. The brief uses original data to offer a simple empirical estimate of the likely efficiency costs of the Second Circuit’s decision limiting American Pipe's reach and criticizes the court for failing to engage in any recognizable inquiry in holding, in the alternative, that applying American Pipe would violate the Rules Enabling Act.
The Royalist Movement on the Eve of World War II

“During the past three years, there has been throughout the land a noticeable regression of the monarchist movement in terms of numbers and the aggressiveness and activities of its members.” This was the general conclusion of a thorough survey of the situation completed by the Surete in June, 1939. Indeed, the aggregate reports of the agents of the administrative police delineated the dismal condition of the French royalist movement on the eve of the Second World War.1
Decay of 18-min Br 80

Gamma rays with energies of 0.618\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003, 0.640\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009, 0.67\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02, 0.710\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010, 1.258\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007, and 1.333\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010 Mev have been observed in the decay of 18-min ${\mathrm{Br}}^{80}$, and their intensities determined. Of these, only the 0.618-Mev gamma ray has been previously reported. Two new levels are proposed at 1.26 and 1.33 Mev in ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{80}$, and the branching (crossover/cascade) determined for these levels as 0.46\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08 and 0.14\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06, respectively. The 0.67-Mev gamma ray is assigned to the first 2+ state of ${\mathrm{Se}}^{80}$, whose energy has been determined as 0.667\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004 Mev from the ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$) reaction. Excitation of the second level of ${\mathrm{Se}}^{80}$ at 1.44 Mev was not observed. The measured value of 0.62-Mev $\frac{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}}$ of 2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 has been used to evaluate $log\mathrm{ft}$ values for the transitions to various levels in ${\mathrm{Se}}^{80}$ and ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{80}$. The allowed transitions from the 1+ ground state of ${\mathrm{Br}}^{80}$ to the ground state and first two levels of both ${\mathrm{Se}}^{80}$ and ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{80}$ are found to be successively hindered, in accord with the empirical rule of Sakai.
Raman spectra of methanol solutions—I: Saturated solutions of some electrolytes

Abstract Photoelectric Raman spectra have been recorded over the range 40–4000 cm −1 for a series of metal perchlorates, nitrates, sulfates, chlorides and fluorides in saturated solutions in methanol. Many changes, both in frequencies and in intensities, of the methanol solvent spectrum are noted, and these are compared with the corresponding changes induced by addition of water to methanol. The changes are interpreted in terms of solute interference with the extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions between methanol molecules, and specific forms of interaction between oxyanions and methanol. Spectroscopic evidence for complex formation in these solutions also is discussed.
A parallel, globally-implicit Navier-Stokes solver for design

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the development of a general, parallel, Euler and Navier-Stokes solver which use a high-order upwind finite volume scheme, a global implicit iterative method coupled to a local implicit pre-conditioner, new flux limiters and a new remeshing scheme for changing body shapes. The code is used for design and optimization of shapes in multi-disciplinary design and optimization. The code runs without change on single processor workstations and on multiprocessors, such as the nCUBE and IBM SP2. An implicit method is chosen in order to effectively solve for viscous flows on fine meshes. All communication, scheduling, and boundary conditions are handled by an input logic file. The chapter develops and presents a globally implicit smoother for the limiter. In the design procedure, the flow field for one configuration is solved, the shape is changed, and the flow field is again required. To avoid serial bottlenecks, the grid modification should also be automated and done in parallel. The chapter presents a parallel method to realign the grid with the new body shape based on elasticity theory.
Spatial semiparametric models improve estimates of species abundance and distribution

Accurate estimates of abundance are imperative for successful conservation and management. Classical, stratified abundance estimators provide unbiased estimates of abundance, but such estimators ma...
Does Age Affect the Response to Zinc Therapy for Diarrhoea in Bangladeshi Infants

The benefit of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea in a cluster-randomized trial of children, aged 3-59 months, living in rural Bangladesh was previously reported. Here, the benefits of zinc stratified by age—3-5 months, 6-11 months, and 12-59 months—are reported. Although the sample sizes in the stratified groups were too small to detect statistical significance in the 3-5-month and 6-11-month age-groups, the trends suggest that there may be a benefit of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea on the duration of diarrhoea and on subsequent morbidity and mortality. Additional research is needed to better understand the effect of zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea among infants aged less than six months.