cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Visible and Invisible Modernity

Decadence and Modernism rewrites the story of early modernist literature and culture by drawing out the tensions underlying its simultaneous engagement with Decadence and Symbolism, the unsustainable combination of this world and the other. The works I examine model a shift in perspective that explodes the notion of reality and showcases the uneasy relationship between the tangible and intangible aspects of the surrounding world. Modernism quenches a growing fascination with the ephemeral and that which cannot be seen while also doubling down on the significance of the material world and finding profound meaning in the physical and the corporeal. Decadence and Symbolism both give access to truths that require a shift in perspective to perceive. They complement the broader historical trajectory of the fin de siecle by affirming the novelty of a modernist mindset and offering an alternative to the empirical and positivistic atmosphere of the nineteenth century.
Experimental study of SRT scrubbing model in water coolant pool

Abstract In pool-type nuclear reactors, a postulated fuel pin failure can result in the release of fission products into the coolant pool. While the coolant pool itself tends to scrub the majority of radionuclides, they have the potential to be transported to the cover gas region via entrainment in gaseous bubbles. The SRT source term analysis code includes models to assess this pool scrubbing behavior and calculate the ratio of fission product aerosols that reach the cover gas. This code was developed to model pool-type sodium cooled fast reactors, but underlying models can also be used to predict pool scrubbing in a water coolant pool with dry air bubbles passing through as a test of the physics. The accuracy of this code is analyzed in this paper. A parametric study was conducted to determine the significance of bubble size, aerosol density, pool depth, and aerosol concentration, over a wide range of aerosol sizes, on the pool scrubbing efficiency. The basic tests were run with isolated bubbles as to best match the assumptions within the code. For simulating potentially realistic pool scrubbing conditions, an applied test was run injecting a bubble swarm into the pool to analyze the bubble-to-bubble interactions. From these results, it was found that the SRT code matches the trends found experimentally, but underestimates the actual amount of pool scrubbing. The bubble swarm testing further exemplifies this trend. Furthermore, it was determined that the overall pool scrubbing increases with bubble size, aerosol density, and pool height and is unchanged by aerosol concentrations. Additionally, aerosol sizes ranging from one to 0.01 µm were found to be of particular interest as the lowest amount of scrubbing occur over this range. These tests also inform the design of the experiment which will be conducted in sodium.
Rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on potato ‘FL1867’ part II: Marketable yield and tuber quality

Abstract Optimum nitrogen fertilizer management is necessary to maintain sustainable and economical potato (Solanum tuberosum) production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N-fertilizer rate and timing of application on plant biomass, tuber marketable yield and quality of chipping potato irrigated by subirrigation. This study was conducted with grower collaboration on three farms for two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). All experimental plots received 56 kg ha−1 of N as ammonium nitrate approximately 40 days before planting, a common grower practice. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were 0, 56, 112 or 168 kg ha−1 applied at plant emergence (Nemerg) combined with 56 or 112 kg ha−1 of N applied as a sidedress at tuber initiation (Ntuber init). The two years of this study were characterized by low rainfall conditions, reducing the risk of N leaching and runoff. Under these conditions, the N treatments rarely increased potato aboveground biomass. Mean marketable tuber yield across all sites ranged from 19.2 to 39.7 Mg ha−1 with the lowest yield when a large amount of rainfall occurred prior to harvest at one site. Marketable yield responded quadratically to increase N-fertilizer rates applied at plant emergence, with optimum yield calculated at Nemerg rate between 88 and 113 kg ha−1. Applying more than 56 kg ha−1 of N at tuber initiation did not increase marketable yield, tuber specific gravity or tuber quality on any farm in either year. Nitrogen rate treatments above 112 kg ha−1 at emergence, and 56 kg ha−1 at tuber initiation did not improve potato marketable yield or tuber quality. The contribution of 56 kg ha−1 applied at pre-plant to potato yield is still unknown, and may be more beneficial to move this application closer to planting.
Discovering Musical Structure in Audio Recordings

Music is often described in terms of the structure of repeated phrases. For example, many songs have the form AABA, where each letter represents an instance of a phrase. This research aims to construct descriptions or explanations of music in this form, using only audio recordings as input. A system of programs is described that transcribes the melody of a recording, identifies similar segments, clusters these segments to form patterns, and then constructs an explanation of the music in terms of these patterns. Additional work using spectral information rather than melodic transcription is also described. Examples of successful machine "listening" and music analysis are presented.
PRACTICES OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A DISTRICT OF UTTARAKHAND

Context: Adolescence in girls signifies the transition from girlhood to womanhood. Good menstrual hygiene is crucial for the health, education, and dignity of girls and women. This is an important sanitation issue which has long been in the closet and still there is a long standing need to openly discuss it. Aims: 1. To elicit the knowledge and source of information regarding menstruation among the adolescent girl students. 2. To find out the practices of menstrual hygiene among them. Settings and Design: Cross-Sectional study conducted in two randomly selected Inter colleges (one rural and one urban) of district Dehradun of Uttarakhand state. Methods and Material: 453 girls studying in 9th to 12th grades were interviewed by using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire. Statistical analysis used: percentages and Chi-square test Results: 64.5 % girls (71.1% Rural and 57% Urban) were aware about menstruation prior to the attainment of menarche. Awareness among rural girls was significantly more as compared to urban girls. Friends were the first informant in about 31.8 % girls. But the correct reason and source of bleeding during menstruation was not known to most of the respondents. Overall 38.4 % adolescent girls (48.1% Rural and 27.6% Urban) were using sanitary napkins as menstrual absorbent, while 30 % were using a new cloth/rag every time. Conclusions: There is a need to educate the girls about menstruation, its importance and hygiene maintenance; so as to enable them to lead a healthy reproductive life in future.
Abortion complicated by Clostridium perfringens infection.

Abstract Abortion complicated by Clostridium perfringens sepsis and intense hemolysis , although rare, is a highly lethal disease. Hysterectomy to remove necrotic tissue, heparinization to prevent intravascular coagulation, exchange transfusion to remove irreversibly damaged red cells as well as circulating heme pigments, and hyperbaric oxygen have been suggested for treatment. To date, however, there is no convincing evidence that the benefits derived from these procedures outweight the risks inherent in their use. Infected abortion complicated by Clostridium perfringens bacteremia but without overt hemolysis is relatively common. In the absence of hemolysis, prompt administration of penicillin and tetracycline followed soon by curettage provides effective therapy with prompt recovery.
The development in direct coal-fired gas turbines for locomotive application

Maturation of the basic technical knowledge base relating to coal processing, handling, and combustion; materials of construction; and systems design of gas turbines has provided an opportunity to revisit the concept of direct coal firing in a gas turbine. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated a scoping program beginning in 1983, and based on promising results has recently entered into a second significant phase of research and development that will lead to proof of concept within 5 years. Four major turbine manufacturers are participating with the DOE along with numerous universities, independent RandD labs, and the national laboratories. Expenditures in the tens of millions of dollars range are expected. Results to date are very encouraging with respect to gas turbine combustion designs, including slagging, nonslagging, and staged (rich/lean) configurations; deposition phenomena and control; particulate removal; alkali release and control; SO/sub x/ control; and NO/sub x/ control.
A Report on Quantum Spinodal Decomposition

The dynamics of phase separation via spinodal decomposition has been well understood within the context of classical nonequilibrium statistical mechanics [1], Following a “critical quench”, the dynamics is primarily associated with the onset and growth of unstable long wavelength modes. The new inflationary Universe scenario, in which spinodal decomposition is conjectured to have taken place during phase transitions in the early Universe, gives the impetus for a detailed study of such processes in quantum field theories[2, 3]. More recently, this subject has assumed even greater importance due to the suggestion by Wilczek and Rajagopal that the region of misaligned chiral vacuum might form following a quench in heavy ion collisions. The long wavelength pion modes may be amplified leading to emission of coherent pions during the chiral phase transition[4, 5].
Using Logical Operators as an Extended Coordination Mechanism in Linda

In the last 20 years of research in coordination, researchers were able to demonstrate that distributed languages are made of two distinct parts: a computation and a coordination language. Among a plethora of coordination models (the basis of a coordination language) available today, Linda is perhaps the most successful. Linda advocates that processes should interact solely via associative shared memories called tuple spaces. Linda has developed from a single-tuple-space into a multiple-tuple-space model but the coordination mechanism used was never extended to express the multiple-tuple-space model full potential. This paper describes an extension of the Linda model, called LogOp, where primitives can use logical operators to combine tuple spaces on-the-fly. It is argued that LogOp provides a simpler and more elegant coordination mechanism than Linda. An implementation of LogOp is also described and initial results indicate that LogOp implementations are efficient when dealing with multiple tuple spaces.
Imaging of pediatric mesenteric abnormalities

The relative paucity of mesenteric fat seen in the pediatric population can make detection and localization of processes in the mesentery difficult. This pictorial essay reviews pediatric mesenteric disorders and presents criteria that help localize processes to the mesentery. Disorders are categorized by specific patterns of involvement, which can readily be identified by imaging: developmental abnormalities of mesenteric rotation, diffuse mesenteric processes, focal mesenteric masses, and multifocal mesenteric masses.
Salsa y Salud: increasing healthy lifestyle awareness through a radio-based initiative.

The Hispanic population, increasing in size, shows health differences when compared to other groups. In 2001, Hispanic persons, per 100,000 population, experienced more age-adjusted years of potential life lost before the age of 75 than non-Hispanic whites for stroke (18% more), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (62%), diabetes (41%), HIV (168%), and homicide (128%). This is a concern, as Hispanic people are the largest minority group in the United States. In 2001, of the approximate 291 million total population in the United States, approximately 38 million were Hispanic, and approximately 17 million lived in Florida. As part of a grant received from Aetna, The University of North Florida, Department of Public Health developed a community media-based program specifically directed toward Hispanic individuals. This pilot program disseminated 2 series of twelve 30-second educational Public Service Announcements (PSAs) addressing the importance of healthy behaviors. The project, titled Salsa y Salud was based on social marketing theory.
Effects of intravenous calcium on release of serotonin into jejunal lumen and portal circulation

The effect of intravenous calcium bolus (180 mg in 10 ml normal saline over 25-30 sec) on the release of serotonin into the jejunal lumen and the portal and peripheral venous circulation was studied. Proximal jejunal 25-cm cannulated Thiry-Vella loops were perfused with a neutral physiological buffer in an isoperistaltic direction at 2 ml/min. One minute after the calcium bolus, serum calcium levels increased from 8.7 +/- 0.3 to 14.2 +/- 0.8 mg/dl. Jejunal luminal concentrations of 5HT increased from 135 +/- 21 to 208 +/- 44 ng/ml at the same time; luminal levels peaked at 236 +/- 27 ng/ml at 7 min and slowly returned to baseline. In contrast, portal and systemic venous concentrations did not change after intravenous calcium bolus. The data support the contention that there are independent mechanisms for the release of serotonin into the bowel lumen and the blood stream.
Primary school science teachers’ perspectives regarding their professional development: implications for school districts in South Africa

Perceptions play a significant role in an individual’s decision-making. This paper reports on a study that investigated primary school science teachers’ perceptions of their school district professional development and its basis and impact on the teacher development process in a large district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. From the findings, teachers had negative perceptions that led to the belief that they were not receiving the support and tools they needed for professional development from their district. The impact of their perceptions was evident in the slow or non-implementation of the district’s newly launched curriculum reforms. Thus, the significance of identifying and addressing teachers’ perceptions is argued, for they play a critical role in how they learn and in how their perceptions inform the changes they make in their teaching practice. Failure to address teachers’ perceptions is likely to result in teachers not benefiting from their professional development programs.
Structure and formation of the San Cristobal meteorite, other IB irons and group IIICD

Abstract San Cristobal is an unusual group IB ataxite with 25 per cent Ni, composed of taenite grains 2–3 cm in diameter and silicate-troilite-graphite nodules concentrated on the grain boundaries. Silicate compositions are typical of group IAB: olivine Fa 3.3 , orthopyroxene Fs 6.9 and feldspar Ab 88 . Plagioclase shows peristerite unmixing, previously unrecorded in meteorites, and occasional K-rich feldspar grains have an unusual antiperthite exsolution. Brianite Na 2 CaMg(PO 4 ) 2 and haxonite (Fe, Ni) 23 C 6 are common in nodules and matrix, respectively, while cohenite is rare. Part of the matrix contains a pearlitic kamacite precipitate instead of the usual oriented platelets. San Cristobal has extreme concentrations of many elements; e.g. the highest published Ag, Cu, In and Sb contents and the lowest Mo and Pt in irons. These data and the mineralogy show that San Cristobal has many characteristics of both groups IB and IIID, but that it fits group IB trends better. Ratios of refractory element abundances to those in Cl chondrites (both normalized to Ni) decrease through IB from l in IA to 0.03 in San Cristobal, but the other siderophilic elements have a small range of abundance ratios, 0.5–2, throughout IAB. We suggest that IB grains either formed in a part of the solar nebula where refractories had been previously removed, or else failed to equilibrate with a refractory-rich, high-temperature condensate. After condensation of the volatiles, Fe was partially removed, perhaps by oxidation. Group IIICD seems to have experienced similar fractionations. Unlike other iron meteorite groups, neither IAB nor IIICD appears to have been fully molten.
Bayes and admissible set estimation

Abstract We consider the problem of set estimation of a parameter θ based on an observation X, with the goal of simultaneous control of the noncoverage probability and expected size of the estimating set. Several notions of being Bayes for set estimates are studied, and their relationship to a natural notion of admissibility for confidence procedures is investigated.
Synthesis of a sulfonic acid functionalized acidic ionic liquid modified silica catalyst and applications in the hydrolysis of cellulose

abstract Article history:Received 27 February 2010Received in revised form 17 May 2010Accepted 19 May 2010Available online xxxxKeywords:Ionic liquidAcid catalystModiﬁed silicaCelluloseHydrolysis A sulfonic acid functionalized acidic ionic liquid modiﬁed silica catalyst was prepared in 68% overall yieldfrom 3-chloropropyl silica by a simple two step method involving nucleophilic substitution of chlorine withimidazole, then condensation with 1,3-propanesultone and acidiﬁcation using HCl. This silica supported acidcatalyst was shown to be effective in the hydrolysis of cellulose (DP∼450) dissolved in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at 70 °C, producing glucose and total reducing sugars in 26 and 67% yieldsrespectively.Published by Elsevier B.V. 1. IntroductionFunctionalized ionic liquids are a signiﬁcant evolution in the ionicliquidarenaandthesematerialshavebeendevelopedforvariousspecialapplicationslikecatalysts,fossilfueldesulfurizationreagents,lubricantsandasmonomersforthesynthesisofionicpolymers[1–4].Thesulfonicacid group functionalized acidic ionic liquids are an important sub-group in the ionic liquid based catalysts class, and have been used innumeroustypesofreactionsincluding,esteriﬁcation[5,6],alkylation[7],nitrationofaromaticcompounds[8],Beckmannrearrangement[9],andalkene polymerizations [10]. These acidic ionic liquids can be used inneat or in a solvent in the catalysis applications and requires theseparation of the catalyst during the isolation of the product.Immobilization of the functionalized ionic liquids have the beneﬁts ofcombiningtheionicliquidcharacteristicswiththecommonadvantagesofimmobilizations,suchaseaseofrecyclingandimprovedselectivityinapplicationsinvolvingcatalyticactivity.Thereareseveralreportsonthepreparation of ionic liquid covalently grafted silicas as chiral catalysts[11],esteriﬁcationcatalysts[12,13],andfunctionalizedhydroxyapatite-encapsulated-Fe
A fourth year of training in ambulatory medicine: The University of Washington experience

Postresidency training in ambulatory general internal medicine has been proposed as a means to enhance the generalist skills of internal medicine graduates. At the University of Washington, a fourth year of training in ambulatory medicine has been offered since 1967. The resident training year provides a core experience in general internal medicine as well as the opportunity for elective experiences in subspecialties and other allied specialties. Graduates of this year of experience in ambulatory training were surveyed to determine current practice patterns and retrospective evaluation of the program; responses were received from 36 of 52 graduates (69%). Among respondents, 50% are general internists, 39% subspecialists, and 11% in other practice specialties. Eight respondents (22%) are practicing in rural communities. Respondents identified the specialized training in outpatient medicine as the primary strength of the additional training year. Many reported using the year to gain additional training tailored to their future practice. The fourth year of ambulatory training thus represents an efficient means to provide additional training to internists planning careers in general internal medicine. It can serve a variety of purposes, including preparation for practice in rural and other settings with unique clinical demands, training of clinician educators, and retraining of subspecialists seeking to shift to generalist practice.
Democracy, Authoritarianism and Education Finance in Brazil

In view of the inconclusive statistical results associated with democracy's impact on economic performance, this article unpacks the dependent variable (economic development) by examining democratisation's impact on education policy. To determine whether democracy compels politicians to provide higher levels of educational opportunity, it traces the process of repression and democratisation in Brazil along with government spending on education. It finds that democratisation has observable effects on education spending on three different levels: 1) the percentage of government spending allocated to education; 2) the distribution of federal funding among different levels of education; and 3) the distribution of funds within primary education among state and local actors.
Studies on the multiplication and the properties of the lactic dehydrogenase agent.

The procedure used to determine the infective titer of the LDH agent, the reproducibility of this assay, and the relationship between virus dose and plasma enzyme activity were described. Multiplication of the LDH agent began within 6 hours after infection and reached 1010.8 ID50/ml of plasma within 24 hours. The titer rapidly decreased over the next 72 hours but viremia persisted for at least 16 months with titers as high as 105.2 ID50/ml. The appearance of the LDH agent in the circulation preceded the first noticeable rise in plasma LDH activity by close to 24 hours. After 10 months, when the plasma titer of the LDH agent had decreased nearly one millionfold, the plasma enzyme LDH had decreased by less than 50 per cent. The LDH agent is inactivated by ether but withstands lyophilization, and freezing and thawing. It is stable at low temperatures. Ultracentrifugation at 105,000 G for 2 hours leaves less than 0.1 per cent of the LDH agent in the supernatant fluid and filtration through gradocol membranes suggesst that the upper size of the LDH agent is about 55 mµ. Spread of the LDH agent from infected to uninfected mice kept in the same cage and transmission from mothers (infected prior to mating) to their offspring was relatively low.
Two- and Three-Factor Solutions of the WAIS-Ill:

The third edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale manual reports four-factor solutions for the WAIS-IJI, and subsequent research has validated four-factor solutions for a variety of samples. These four factors consistently correspond to the four Factor Indexes that are yielded by the WAIS-III. However, the WAIS-LIL still provides Verbal and Performance IQs, in addition to the Indexes, making it desirable to examine two-factor solutions as well. In addition, because the Wechsler literature includes much interpretation of three-factor solutions, these solutions were likewise examined. Principal factor analysis followed by Varimax and Oblimin rotations of two and three factors were performed on data for the total WAIS-11 sample ages 16 to 89 years (N = 2,450). The two-factor solutions were viewed as a construct validation of Wechsler's two separate IQs, although the Working Memory subtests tended to load higher on the Performance scale than on their intended scale (Verbal); three-factor solutions we...
Interferometric star tracking.

A new star-tracking technique based on interferometry is described and analyzed in detail. A heuristic comparison is made with traditional star-tracking methods that demonstrates several advantages in the interferometric approach for very high accuracy systems. A detailed error analysis is performed on several versions of the system that use all solid-state detection. One such system is shown to have a potential accuracy of ±0.01 sec of arc using a small optical system and state-of-the-art components. Applications of the new system in large orbiting astronomical observatories and deep space laser communications systems are also discussed.
Reduction of Fear During Dental Treatment Through Reattribution Techniques

The arousal experienced by dental patients is caused in part by the physiological effects of the local anesthetic. Patients usually attribute this arousal to fear. This study assesses whether enabling patients to reattribute their feelings to the drug will reduce their experiences of fear.
Inhibition of E. coli DNA Polymerase II by Ara-CTP

THE potent antileukaemic agent, 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C), specifically inhibits DNA synthesis in bacterial and animal cells1,2. Although the exact mechanism of inhibition has been in doubt, it seems likely that it occurs at the DNA polymerization reaction itself2–5. We describe here the effects of ara-CTP, which is the most prominent form of ara-C in the cell, on in vitro replicative systems6–11 of E. coli and on isolated DNA polymerases II and III12–15.
Sterol Metabolism in Larvae of the Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum

Dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, and progesterone were isolated as metabolic products during normal insect metabolism of dietary sterols in the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum . Their identity was established by elemental analysis, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, ultraviolet absorption, optical rotation, and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives compared to authentic samples. A proposed metabolic pathway of dietary sterols in T. confusum larvae is outlined.
Long-term Followup and Evaluation of Primary Realignment of Posterior Urethral Disruptions

ABSTRACTPurpose: We analyzed the long-term results of treatment of posterior urethral disruptions with immediate primary realignment.Materials and Methods; A total of 57 patients with posterior urethral disruptions (56 complete and 1 partial) underwent primary urethral realignment within 6 hours after injury. Pelvic fractures were present in 52 patients. In all cases the actual operating time for realignment was 1.25 hours or less. All patients were evaluated postoperatively for incontinence, impotence and strictures. Mean followup was 10.5 years (range up to 40 years) after injury and 53 patients were available for long-term followup.Results: Erections-42 of 53 patients (79%) reported no erectile dysfunction, 7 (13%) reported decreased quality of erection but required no treatment and 4 (7.5%) had erectile dysfunction requiring treatment. Incontinence-2 of 53 patients (3.7%) reported mild post-realignment stress incontinence. Both patients did not need treatment for incontinence or protective padding. St...
Evidence for trivalent ytterbium in ytterbium-ammonia intercalation compounds of titanium disulfide

Abstract A prototypical ytterbium-ammonia intercalation compound of TiS2 having a nominal composition (Yb)0.060(NH3)0.32TiS2 has been synthesized by reaction of Yb-NH3 solutions with TiS2, characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction, and investigated by SQUID magnetometry and electron paramagnetic resonance. Both thermogravimetric and magnetic measurements confirm the presence of Yb3+. This compound is best described by the formula (Yb3+)0.060(NH3)0.26TiS20.24−, and it crystallizes primarily in a 3R-type structure in which every layer is occupied by intercalated species. The intercalation process involves first the oxidation of Yb2+ to Yb3+, then the oxidation of NH3 to NH4+, and finally the insertion of neutral NH3.
Effect of Treatment of Elevated Blood Pressure on Neurological Deterioration in Patients with Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Introduction Treatment of elevated blood pressure after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is controversial. There is a risk of hematoma expansion with elevated blood pressure, and risk of ischemia with blood pressure control. This study was done to determine the effect of blood pressure control on outcome.
RPE cells resist bystander killing by CTLs, but are highly susceptible to antigen-dependent CTL killing.

PURPOSE. Retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells maintain the blood–retinal barrier, sustain retinal photoreceptor cell health and function, and may play a role in ocular immune privilege. If RPE immunomodulatory activities were antigen specific, their expression would require antigen presentation. In a study of antigen processing and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted presentation by RPE cells, the cells’ sensitivity to the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was determined. METHODS. RPE was cultured, with and without proinflammatory cytokines and antigen, followed by the addition of -galactosidase (-gal)–specific CTLs. Cytotoxic activity was measured by the CTL-dependent activation of caspase-3 in the RPE. Sensitivity to the CTLs was used to evaluate the activity of pathways of antigen processing and presentation using an antigen (-gal) that was either applied to or expressed in RPE. RESULTS. RPE cells were sensitive targets for activated CTLmediated killing in vitro only if prepulsed with cognate peptide, or if -gal-expressing RPE was pretreated to induce upregulation of immunoproteasome. Activated CTLs induced apoptosis in RPE within 3 hours of coculture with antigenpositive RPE monolayers. Application of CTLs in a resting state to antigen-positive RPE led to their activation in the absence of exogenous antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This antigen-dependent activation and killing required 24 hours of co-incubation of RPE with resting CD8 T cells specific for -gal. Although RPE cells are highly phagocytic, functional evidence for processing that allowed phagocytosed antigens to load into class I MHC was not detected. RPE was minimally sensitive to bystander killing by activated CTLs. CONCLUSIONS. Although there are many reports of T-cell inhibition by RPE, we found that CTLs efficiently killed RPE cells by induction of apoptosis in an antigen-dependent manner. The survival of RPE in the face of extensive CTL destruction of adjacent photoreceptor cells in vivo appears to be based on their insensitivity to injury via bystander mechanisms. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:5385–5394) DOI:10.1167/ iovs.06-0636
Land suitability analysis : methods and interpretation

(1979). Land suitability analysis : methods and interpretation. Landscape Research: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 8-9.
Historical perspectives of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery: Robert Edward Gross (1905-1988).

Robert Edward Gross served as the 44th President of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS) (Figure 1). In his presidential address delivered in April 1964, the man considered by many to be the father of cardiac surgery offers us a glimpse into his motivation for a life’s work in his talk titled ‘‘Thoracic Surgery for Infants.’’ ‘‘The challenge is great; the rewards are enormous. For me there have been few things in life which have been more satisfying than to face a small child, struggling for his very existence, to perform some corrective surgical maneuver, and later to see the youngster, thriving and healthy, starting out in life, sound in body and mind.’’ Gross’ contributions to the field of thoracic surgery remain unparalleled. Through his pioneering work on even the smallest of patients, he founded pediatric cardiac surgery and, in the process, laid the groundwork for the development of a viable surgical specialty in the adult. His career embodied the utmost in surgical leadership, through a rare combination of excellence in surgical technique, clinical innovation, scientific research, and teaching. Born on July 2, 1905, in Baltimore, Maryland, Gross seemed an unlikely candidate for a surgical pioneer. He was the seventh of 8 children, the son of a German immigrant piano maker. Gross suffered from a congenital cataract and, as a result, had no vision in 1 eye. His father would give him clocks to take apart and put back together as an exercise to train him to develop depth perception with a single functioning eye. In addition to refining his fine motor skills, it instilled in him a love for tinkering that persisted throughout his days. Gross was an outdoorsman growing up, choosing to spend summers in central Minnesota performing farmhand work. This undoubtedly influenced his choice to attend Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. At Carleton, Gross majored in chemistry but soon redirected his focus toward medicine after reading Harvey Cushing’s biography of Sir William Osler. He excelled at the premedical curriculum,
TECH SERVICES ON THE WEB

In a perfect world, all data files are miraculously error free. Everyone types slowly and carefully, checking for their errors or having someone proofread their work. Integrated library systems inc...
MYCORRHIZAE INDIRECTLY ENHANCE COMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF AN INVASIVE FORB ON A NATIVE BUNCHGRASS

Mycorrhizae are important mediators of plant competition, but little is known about the role of mycorrhizae in the intense competitive effects that exotic plants can have on native species. In the greenhouse, we tested the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on interspecific competition between Cerztaur-ea maculosu and Fest~ccu idahoensis, on intraspecific competition between individuals of both species, and the growth of C. rnac~closawith either inorganic or organic phosphorus. Mycorrhizae had no direct effect on either species, but mycorrhizae increased C. maculosa's negative effect on F. iduhoe~zsis. When competing with C. rnac-ulosa, nonmycorrhizal F. idahoensis were 171% larger than they were when mycorrhizae were present. In a second experiment, C. maculosa grown with larger F. idahoe~zsis were 66% larger, in the presence of AM fungi, than when AM fungi were absent. Centaurea maculosu biomass was not affected by AM fungi, in either phosphorus treatment, in the absence of F. idahoensis. Root: shoot ratios differed between phosphorus treatments, but this difference seemed to be a result of slower growth in the organic phosphorus treatment. Our results were unusual in that the direct effects of my- corrhizae on both species were weak, but the indirect effect of AM fungi on the interactions between C. muc~tlosa and F. idahoerzsis was strong. Our results suggest that AM fungi strongly enhance the ability of C. ~naculosa to invade native grasslands of western North America. Key ~.ord.~: nrb~isclllcir rrrycoi-rhieal (AM) ,fuizgi; Centaurea maculosa; conzperition; exotic plants; Festuca idahoensis; interi7lor~tanr, gra.sslunris; iiz~,a.sion; mycorrhizae. ~~~~~~~~i~~~ between pairs of speciesare often me- diated by other species (Kareiva 1994, Miller 1994). Well documented indirect interactions include those be- tween sea otters, kelp and sea urchins 19781, starfish, molluscs and algae (Paine 1966),parasitic and autotrophic plants (Pennings and Callaway 1996), plants and soil microflora, (van der Putten et al, 1993. Bever 1994) and plants and mycorrhizal fungi (Grime
EXPONENTIATION AND SUM RULES.

Abstract The eikonal approximation is applied to the scattering of a fast particle of arbitrary spin in a slowly varying external electromagnetic field. It is found that“exponentiation“ occurs only for the gyromagnetic ratio g = 2, when transitions to excited states are ignored. However, when transitions to excited states are included, exponentiation always occurs, provided that the anomalous magnetic moment obeys a generalized version of the Drell-Hearn sum rule.
Dual-sensor foveated imaging system

Conventional imaging techniques adopt a rectilinear sampling approach, where a finite number of pixels are spread evenly across an entire field of view (FOV). Consequently, their imaging capabilities are limited by an inherent trade-off between the FOV and the resolving power. In contrast, a foveation technique allocates the limited resources (e.g., a finite number of pixels or transmission bandwidth) as a function of foveal eccentricities, which can significantly simplify the optical and electronic designs and reduce the data throughput, while the observer's ability to see fine details is maintained over the whole FOV. We explore an approach to a foveated imaging system design. Our approach approximates the spatially variant properties (i.e., resolution, contrast, and color sensitivities) of the human visual system with multiple low-cost off-the-shelf imaging sensors and maximizes the information throughput and bandwidth savings of the foveated system. We further validate our approach with the design of a compact dual-sensor foveated imaging system. A proof-of-concept bench prototype and experimental results are demonstrated.
Presentation of one’s view in Japanese newspaper columns: Commentary strategies and sequencing

This article analyzes Japanese mass media text-specifically 38 examples of the newspaper opinion column Column, My View- taken from the Asahi Shinbun newspaper. The manner in which the writer presents his or her own view as it relates to the column's central message is examined by appealing to the concepts of commentary strategy. Discourse levels that this article focusses on include: (I) the location of the headline paraphrase, i.e., where the central message reflecting the writer's view and/or opinion appears within the column; (2) the characteristics of column-initial paragraphs, (3) the overall sequencing of commentary sentences in Column, My View; and (4) the sequencing of commentary sentences within each danraku paragraph. The preferred rhetorical style in Japanese newspaper texts places commentary sentences toward the conclusion in multiple levels of discourse. This article argues that such preference is enhanced, in part, by inclination toward the topic-comment information structure as well as an array of grammatical phenomena that are critically functional in the Japanese language
Identification of Arodyn, a Novel Acetylated Dynorphin A-(1−11) Analogue, as a κ Opioid Receptor Antagonist

Arodyn (aromatic dynorphin) is a novel analogue of the opioid peptide dynorphin A with a nonbasic N-terminus that exhibits nanomolar affinity (K(i) = 10 nM) and remarkable selectivity for kappa opioid receptors (K(i) ratio (kappa/mu/delta) = 1/174/583). Arodyn completely reverses the agonism of dynorphin A (1-13)NH(2) in a concentration-dependent manner in the adenylyl cyclase assay. Thus arodyn is a novel kappa opioid receptor selective antagonist that will be useful to study these receptors.
A neuron-benign microfluidic gradient generator for studying the growth of mammalian neurons towards axon guidance factors

The precise wiring of the nervous system is made possible by a complex navigation map created by attractive and repulsive biochemical cues, which guide the axons to their final targets. In order to unravel the mechanisms directing the growth and guidance of axons, we have designed an open-chamber mammalian-neuron-benign microfluidic platform that allows us to subject dissociated single neurons in culture to stable, precise gradients of diffusible biochemical cues, with negligible shear stress on the cells. We demonstrate (for the first time) the evidence of a directed response of dissociated mammalian neurons in vitro to a diffusible gradient of netrin.
Structured decision making in juvenile justice: Judges' and probation officers' perceptions and use

Abstract Legal actors in juvenile courts are required to make numerous decisions about the intake, processing, and disposition of juvenile offenders within limited time frames and with limited information. Structured decision making (SDM), a formal and standardized procedure for guiding decision makers that defines the criteria they must use in their deliberations and decisions, has the potential to make decision making more fair and effective. However, this study of 12 courts in four states reveals that SDM is not systematically implemented in juvenile justice case processing and its use is inhibited by a lack of training, appropriate instruments, and service options. Judges and probation officers reported overriding SDM recommendations in a significant portion of their caseloads due to their own disagreement with the recommendations or due to external constraints. Although judges and probation officers agreed with general goals for the implementation of SDM, they generally did not believe that SDM was achieving these goals in their courts. While the extent to which judges and probation officers valued different SDM components (risk assessment, needs assessment, and security classification) and found them useful at different decision-making points varied, the results of this study indicate a positive relationship between perceptions of value and frequency of use. These results indicate a need for attention not only to the development of appropriate instruments to aid in decision making but also to the implementation of these instruments in case processing.
Functional Connectivity in Multiple Cortical Networks Is Associated with Performance Across Cognitive Domains in Older Adults.

Intrinsic functional connectivity MRI has become a widely used tool for measuring integrity in large-scale cortical networks. This study examined multiple cortical networks using Template-Based Rotation (TBR), a method that applies a priori network and nuisance component templates defined from an independent dataset to test datasets of interest. A priori templates were applied to a test dataset of 276 older adults (ages 65–90) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study to examine the relationship between multiple large-scale cortical networks and cognition. Factor scores derived from neuropsychological tests represented processing speed, executive function, and episodic memory. Resting-state BOLD data were acquired in two 6-min acquisitions on a 3-Tesla scanner and processed with TBR to extract individual-level metrics of network connectivity in multiple cortical networks. All results controlled for data quality metrics, including motion. Connectivity in multiple large-scale cortical networks was positively related to all cognitive domains, with a composite measure of general connectivity positively associated with general cognitive performance. Controlling for the correlations between networks, the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and executive function demonstrated the only significant association, suggesting specificity in this relationship. Further analyses found that the FPCN mediated the relationships of the other networks with cognition, suggesting that this network may play a central role in understanding individual variation in cognition during aging.
Inclusion of the generalized Breit interaction in excitation of highly charged ions by electron impact

The generalized Breit interaction is included in the scattering matrix elements when determining collision strengths for electron-impact excitation of highly charged ions. We use a relativistic distorted-wave approach that employs a Dirac-Fock-Slater potential to calculate the free-electron wave functions. This same potential is used to calculate the atomic-structure data. Collision strengths are presented for H-like, He-like, and Li-like ions for a range of Z values and impact-electron energies. Good agreement is obtained when comparing to the few existing calculations for hydrogenic ions. The effect of including the interaction is found to be small for ions with Z\ensuremath{\approxeq}26, but increases steadily with Z. Changes of nearly 70% are observed for Z=92. Effects for the more complex He-like and Li-like ions are greater than for the hydrogenic analogs for the entire range of Z values considered. The accuracy of some simpler forms of the Breit interaction is also discussed.
An experimental study on sub-cooled flow boiling CHF of R134a at low pressure condition with atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma assisted surface modification

Abstract In this study, sub-cooled flow boiling critical heat flux tests at low pressure were conducted in a rectangular flow channel with one uniformly heated surface, using simulant fluid R-134a as coolant. The experiments were conducted under the following conditions: (1) inlet pressure ( P ) of 400–800 kPa, (2) mass flux ( G ) of 124–248 kg/m 2 s, (3) inlet sub-cooling enthalpy (Δ H i ) of 12–26 kJ/kg. Parametric trends of macroscopic system parameters ( G , P , Δ H i ) were examined by changing inlet conditions. Those trends were found to be generally consistent with previous understandings of CHF behavior at low pressure condition (i.e. reduced pressure less than 0.2). A fluid-to-fluid scaling model was utilized to convert the test data obtained with the simulant fluid (R-134a) into the prototypical fluid (water). The comparison between the converted CHF of equivalent water and CHF look-up table with same operation conditions were conducted, which showed good agreement. Furthermore, the effect of surface wettability on CHF was also investigated by applying atmospheric pressure plasma (AP-plasma) treatment to modify the surface characteristic. With AP-plasma treatment, the change of microscopic surface characteristic was measured in terms of static contact angle. The static contact angle was reduced from 80° on original non-treated surface to 15° on treated surface. An enhancement of 18% on CHF values under flow boiling conditions were observed on AP-plasma treated surfaces compared to those on non-treated heating surfaces.
The Others within Us: Constructing Jewish-Israeli Identity

Dan Bar-On, trans. Noel Canin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, x+225 pp., ISBN 978-0-521-88187-6 The late Dan Bar-On has interpersed a series of reflective, honest, and engaging biogra...
Physical Characterization of Drug:Polymer Dispersion Behavior in Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Solid Dispersions using a Suite of Complementary Analytical Techniques

ABSTRACT Fifteen model drugs were quenched from 3:1 (w/w) mixtures with polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000). The resulting solids were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), analysis of pair distribution function‐transformed PXRD data (where appropriate), hot‐stage polarized light microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Drug/polymer dispersion behavior was classified using the data from each technique, independent of the others, and limitations to single‐method characterization of PEG‐based systems are highlighted. The data from all characterization techniques were collectively used to classify dispersion behavior, which was compared with single‐technique characterization. Of the 15 combinations, only six resulted in solids whose dispersion behavior was consistently described using each standalone technique. The other nine were misclassified using at least one standalone technique, mainly because the phase behavior was ambiguously interpreted when only the data from one technique were considered. The data indicated that a suite of complementary techniques provided better classifications of the phase behavior. Of all the quenched solids, only cimetidine was fully dispersed in PEG4000, suggesting that it solidified from a completely miscible mixture of molten drug and polymer that did not phase separate upon cooling. In contrast, ibuprofen and PEG4000 completely recrystallized during preparation, whereas the remaining 13 drugs were partially dispersed in PEG4000 at this composition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:2911–2923, 2014
The growth and properties of a new alanine and phosphate substituted triglycine sulphate (atgsp) crystal

A modified alanine doped triglycine sulphate (ATGS) crystal has been grown with partial substitution of H2SO4 with H3PO4. Growth of the ATGSP crystal from a unipolar ATGS seed in the temperature range 30-40°C gives a unipolar bulk crystal with lower permittivity (er ∼ 30) and higher pyroelectric coefficient (6.5·10-4 c/k.m2) than pure TGS. In the doping range used, the higher pyroelectric coefficient is traced to a significantly larger spontaneous polarization Ps (∼5 μc/cm2 at room temperature). Tangent δ is below 0.01 over the whole frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 KHz.