cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Of Practicing Physicians About Their Legal Obligations When Caring For Patients With Disability

Disability civil rights laws require equitable treatment of the approximately sixty-one million Americans with disability. However, federal reports and numerous research studies indicate that this diverse and growing population often experiences health care disparities. To examine one possible contributing factor, we interviewed practicing physicians to explore their knowledge of their obligations to accommodate patients with disability under federal civil rights law. Interviewees reported having had little formal training about, and demonstrated superficial or incorrect understanding of, their obligations in three potentially problematic areas: deciding which accommodations their practices should implement, refusing patients with disability, and holding patients accountable for costs of accommodations. The fact that practicing physicians might not fully understand their legal responsibilities when caring for people with disability may contribute to persisting inequity in their care, and it suggests that further education in the Americans with Disabilities Act and other disability civil rights laws may be warranted.
Calibrated feedback illumination for precise conventional fluorescence and PALM imaging applications

Spatial light modulation using cost efficient digital mirror arrays (DMA) is finding broad applications in fluorescence microscopy due to the reduction of phototoxicity and bleaching and the ability to manipulate proteins in optogenetic experiments. However, the precise calibration of DMAs and their application to single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) remained a challenge because of non-linear distortions between the DMA and camera coordinate system caused by optical components. Here we develop a fast and easy to implement calibration procedure that determines these distortions by means of an optical feedback and matches the DMA and camera coordinate system with ~50 nm precision. As a result, a region from a fluorescence image can be selected with a higher precision for illumination compared to manual alignment of the DMA. We first demonstrate the application of our precisely calibrated light modulation by performing a proof-of concept fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiment with the endoplasmic reticulum-localized protein IRE1 fused to GFP. Next, we develop a spatial feedback photoactivation approach for SMLM in which only regions of the cell are selected for photoactivation that contain photoactivatable fluorescent proteins. The reduced exposure of the cells to 405 nm light increases the possible imaging time by 44% until phototoxic effects cause a dominant fluorescence background and a change in the cell9s morphology. As a result, the mean number of reliable single molecule localizations is also significantly increased by 28%. Since the localization precision and the ability for single molecule tracking is not altered compared to traditional photoactivation of the entire field of view, spatial feedback photoactivation significantly improves the quality of SMLM images and the precision of single molecule tracking. Our calibration method therefore lays the foundation for improved SMLM with active feedback photoactivation far beyond the applications in this work.
Functional Interaction of c-Kit Receptor and Interleukin-3 Receptor.

Hematopoiesis is regulated by a number of growth factors and cytokines, among which stem cell factor (SCF) plays a critical role for normal hematopoiesis. An important feature of SCF is its strong capacity to synergize with the cytokines including interleukin-3(IL-3), granulocyte-marcrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF) and erythropoietin to regulate proliferation and differentiations of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell line EML contains two populations of lineage negative cells, distinguished by the expression or absence of CD34. The two sub-populations express similar levels of the SCF receptor c-kit, but only the CD34+ population replicates in the presence of SCF alone, while the CD34 negative population replicates in the presence of IL3 but this replication is synergistically stimulated by the addition of SCF. Our previous studies indicated that synergistic proliferation of the mouse hematopoietic progenitor cell line EML induced by SCF in combination with IL-3 was probably mediated by the synergistic increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Kit and β-chain of IL-3 receptor, which is shared with GM-CSF receptor and interleukin-5 receptor. Conversely, the decreased response of c-kit to SCF alone in the CD34 negative population may be a result of the increased expression of IL3 receptor in these cells. Trans-phosphorylation between c-Kit and the β-chain of IL-3 receptor was also observed in EML cells. In studies of the molecular mechanism behind the functional interactions between SCF and IL-3 we found that c-Kit and IL-3 receptor β-chain form a complex in EML cells. Antibody Ab-1 specific against the Ig-like domain 4 in the extracellular region of c-Kit blocked not only cell proliferation induced by SCF but also synergistic proliferation induced by SCF plus IL-3. Consistent with this finding, Ab-1 inhibited phosphorylation of c-Kit induced by SCF or IL-3, and synergistic phosphorylation of c-kit induced by SCF plus IL-3 respectively. SCF and IL-3 in combination synergistically activated the protein kinases Akt and Erks, the downstream mediators of c-Kit and IL-3R. Phosphorylation of Erks is independent on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway in EML cells. These data suggested the possibility that the synergistic growth of EML cells induced by SCF in combination with IL-3 was mediated by multiple mechanisms that could include trans- and synergistic phosphorylation of c-Kit and the β-chain of IL-3 receptor, PI3-kinase dependent synergistic phosphorylation of Akt and PI3-kinase independent synergistic phosphorylation of Erks. The trans- and synergistic phosphorylation of c-Kit and β-chain of IL-3 receptor was mediated by physical interaction of two receptors.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a young child treated for Wilms tumor.

Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IA-LPDs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid or plasmacytic proliferations that are classified into four groups; those that occur in the...
South Asian ethnicity as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Abstract Background and aims South Asian ethnicity has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, in the context of a greater burden of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. We aimed to identify the 10-year incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in South Asians, as compared to other racial-ethnic groups, in a retrospective cohort study, using the Kaiser Permanente Northern California integrated health care system, and to understand whether traditional risk factors could explain differences in outcomes. Methods and results A study cohort established in 2006, with 10-year follow-up, identified a total n = 341,309 patients, including 5149 South Asians, aged 30–70 years who underwent a screening lipid panel and had no prior history of CHD. There were a total of 460 (8.93%) patients with at least one cardiovascular event, including cardiovascular death, coronary artery revascularization, and myocardial infarction, in South Asians, as compared to 5.66% patients in the total population (p Conclusions South Asian ethnicity, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors, is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease outcomes. This risk was greater than other studied racial-ethnic groups and second only to diabetes in CHD risk prediction.
Role of cancer survivor health and health service use in spouses' use of mental health–related care

Background Spouses of cancer survivors are at an increased risk of poor mental health outcomes but are known to underuse supportive services. The objective of the current study was to determine how the health and health care use of cancer survivors were associated with depression and anxiety-related health care use in their spouses. Methods The current observational study used data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to identify married individuals with a cancer-related medical event or disability ("cancer survivors"), and linked health and health care use data across spousal dyads. Spouses reporting a prescription for an antidepressant or antianxiety medication or any psychotherapy were flagged as having used mental health care. Correlates of use were assessed, with a focus on the health and health care use of the cancer survivor. Results Greater than 25% of the spouses of cancer survivors used mental health care over the approximately 2.5 years of follow-up. Controlling for their own predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics, spouses were found to be less likely to use mental health care if the cancer survivor reported more health conditions or elevated depressed mood compared with dyads in which the survivor reported low distress and depression. Spouses were nearly 3 times more likely to use mental health care if the cancer survivor themselves had used mental health care (odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 2.17-4.09). Conclusions The findings of the current study enhance understanding of how health outcomes are intertwined in families with cancer, and reinforce the importance of a family-centered approach to cancer care that facilitates psychosocial care. Lay summary The health and well-being of cancer survivors and their spouses are intertwined. The results of the current study demonstrated that this interrelationship extends to mental health care related to depression and anxiety. Spouses of cancer survivors were found to be less likely to receive mental health care when the survivor had more health care needs. Spouses were nearly 3 times more likely to receive care if the survivor also was receiving mental health care. Caregiving spouses may face more challenges finding the time, money, or energy to engage in their own self-care. However, providing supportive care to one partner may help the other partner access care as well.
Perceived Partner Responsiveness Forecasts Behavioral Intimacy as Measured by Affectionate Touch.

Affectionate touch is an important behavior in close relationships throughout the lifespan. Research has investigated the relational and individual psychological and physical benefits of affectiona...
Does social media use confer suicide risk? A systematic review of the evidence

Abstract Social media use has increased substantially over the past decade, as have suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). This simultaneous rise has led to growing concerns that social media use confers suicide risk. To assess the validity of such claims, conducting an updated systematic review was essential. The aim of this review was to identify associations between aspects of social media use and STBs, with a focus on potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. An electronic keyword-based literature search was conducted in July 2020 using three databases, and 46 studies were included; PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this review. Frequency of social media and smartphone use tended to be associated with STBs. Sexting and suicide-related social media use were also positively associated with STBs. Findings were mixed regarding social media addiction and STBs, but strong associations emerged between smartphone addiction and STBs. More longitudinal research is needed to assess causality and to identify potential mechanisms underlying associations between patterns of digital use and STBs. A discussion of these findings, along with calls to action for research, is included to inspire future directions that will move this area of research forward in the coming decade.
Detecting novel genomic structural variants through negative binomial optimization

Structural variants (SVs) are short sequences of DNA, larger than one nucleotide, that can vary between members of the same species. Although SVs are relatively rare, compared to single nucleotide variants (SNVs) they are an important source of genetic variation and some SVs have been associated with diseases and susceptibility to certain types of cancer. SV detection is commonly performed by aligning sequenced fragments of an individual’s genome to a high-quality reference genome. Candidate SVs correspond to discordant mapped configurations of fragments; however, errors in the sequencing also lead to potential discordant mappings. Because of this error, many candidate SVs are in fact false positives. When sequencing coverage is high, SV detection is more accurate, but this comes at higher sequencing cost. Sequencing at low coverage does reduce cost, but increases error and complexity of SV detection. The goal of our work is to use mathematical optimization to improve SV detection in low-coverage DNA sequencing data. Previous studies of SV detection have modeled coverage with a Poisson distribution, but this assumes the mean and variance are the same. In an effort more closely model the experimental data we use the negative binomial distribution, which allows for the mean and variance to differ, and contains the Poisson distribution as a special case. Our approach also control false positive predictions by simultaneously considering simultaneous SV prediction in a parent and child. We assume that most SVs carried by a child are inherited from a parent but a small fraction may be novel to the child. We balance the rarity of novel versus inherited SVs by enforcing sparsity through an l1-penalty and compare this negative binomial reconstruction algorithm to the Poisson reconstruction algorithm by testing both on the same simulated data sets.
An old problem with a new twist

The purpose of this note is to introduce a challenging problem in geometry that was inspired by a well-known problem in high school geometry. In this note we will explore geometry problems that inv...
High power supply reliability enables Shanghai’s outstanding global urban development

The safe and reliable power supply of grid is an important responsibility entrusted to power companies by state and people [1] - [2]. Since reliable power supply is vital, safe, stable, high-quality and reliable power supply is the basic demand for people pursuing a better life, as well as the most direct manifestation of people seeking happiness, together with the original intention and goal of grid construction and development.In 2019, State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company competes with Tokyo and strives to create a world-class urban power grid [3] - [5]. It deepens the integration of Yangtze River Delta, compiling and implementing the "Special Project for Urban Power Supply Reliability Improvement". With the leading concept of innovation, management outlining, technology development as starting point, Shanghai implements planned power outage management and control, promoting non-blackout operations, guaranteeing equipment operation and maintenance quality, together with the application of intelligent monitoring and other means to achieve full realm power supply reliable rate exceeding 99.99% for the first time, which makes a historical leap in China.This article starts with the completion and trend of Shanghai power supply reliability indicators in recent years. It conducts a detailed analysis of indicators and the causes of power outage responsibilities, combined with the development of non-blackout operations, analyzing the types of operations that have been carried out and the reasons for those not. It makes full use of information technology to predict risk points and achieves precise operation and maintenance of distribution network.Combining with the trend of future power supply reliability development, this paper puts forward suggestions for the establishment of power supply reliability management models and management system that conforms Shanghai international metropolis characteristics
Single-case design standards: An update and proposed upgrades.

Abstract In this paper, we provide a critique focused on the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Standards for Single-Case Research Design (Standards 4.1). Specifically, we (a) recommend the use of visual-analysis to verify a single-case intervention study's design standards and to examine the study's operational issues, (b) identify limitations of the design-comparable effect-size measure and discuss related statistical matters, (c) review the applicability and practicality of Standards 4.1 to single-case designs (SCDs), and (d) recommend inclusion of content pertaining to diversity, equity, and inclusion in future standards. Within the historical context of the WWC Pilot Standards for Single-Case Design (1.0), we suggest that Standards 4.1 may best serve as standards for meta-analyses of SCDs but will need to make clear distinctions among the various types of SCD studies that are included in any research synthesis. In this regard, we argue for transparency in SCD studies that meet design standards and those that do not meet design standards in any meta-analysis emanating from the WWC. The intent of these recommendations is to advance the science of SCD research both in research synthesis and in promoting evidence-based practices.
Computation scheduling and data replication algorithms for data Grids

Data Grids seek to harness geographically distributed resources for large-scale data-intensive problems such as those encountered in high energy physics, bioinformatics, and other disciplines. These problems typically involve numerous, loosely coupled jobs that both access and generate large data sets. Effective scheduling in such environments is challenging, because of a need to address a variety of metrics and constraints (e.g., resource utilization, response time, global and local allocation policies) while dealing with multiple, potentially independent sources of jobs and a large number of storage, compute, and network resources.We describe a scheduling framework that addresses these problems. Within this framework, data movement operations may be either tightly bound to job scheduling decisions or performed by a decoupled, asynchronous process on the basis of observed data access patterns and load. We develop a family of job scheduling and data movement (replication) algorithms and use simulation studies to evaluate various combinations. Our results suggest that while it is necessary to consider the impact of replication on the scheduling strategy, it is not always necessary to couple data movement and computation scheduling. Instead, these two activities can be addressed separately, thus significantly simplifying the design and implementation of the overall Data Grid system.
Allele-Specific Regulation of TCRβ Variable Gene Segment Chromatin Structure

Allelic exclusion of the murine Tcrb locus is imposed at the level of recombination and restricts each cell to produce one functional VDJbeta rearrangement. Allelic exclusion is achieved through asynchronous Vbeta to DJbeta recombination as well as feedback inhibition that terminates recombination once a functional rearrangement has occurred. Because the accessibility of Vbeta gene segment chromatin is diminished as thymocytes undergo allelic exclusion at the CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative) to CD4(+)CD8(+) (double-positive) transition, chromatin regulation was thought to be an important component of the feedback inhibition process. However, previous studies of chromatin regulation addressed the status of Tcrb alleles using genetic models in which both alleles remained in a germline configuration. Under physiological conditions, developing thymocytes would undergo Vbeta to DJbeta recombination on one or both alleles before the enforcement of feedback. On rearranged alleles, Vbeta gene segments that in germline configuration are regulated independently of the Tcrb enhancer are now brought into its proximity. We show in this study that in contrast to Vbeta segments on a nonrearranged allele, those situated upstream of a functionally rearranged Vbeta segment are contained in active chromatin as judged by histone H3 acetylation, histone H3 lysine 4 (K4) methylation, and germline transcription. Nevertheless, these Vbeta gene segments remain refractory to recombination in double-positive thymocytes. These results suggest that a unique feedback mechanism may operate independent of chromatin structure to inhibit Vbeta to DJbeta recombination after the double-negative stage of thymocyte development.
Cell-Wall Changes and Cell Tension in Response to Cold Acclimation and Exogenous Abscisic Acid in Leaves and Cell Cultures

Freeze-induced cell tensions were determined by cell water relations in leaves of broadleaf evergreen species and cell cultures of grapes (Vitis spp.) and apple (Malus domestica). Cell tensions increased in response to cold acclimation in leaves of broadleaf evergreen species during extracellular freezing, indicating a higher resistance to cell volume changes during freezing in cold-hardened leaves than in unhardened leaves. Unhardened leaves, typically, did not develop tension greater than 3.67 MPa, whereas cold-hardened leaves attained tensions up to 12 MPa. With further freezing there was a rapid decline and a loss of tension in unhardened leaves of all the broadleaf evergreen species studied. Also, similar results were observed in cold-hardened leaves of all of the species except in those of inkberry (Ilex glabra) and Euonymus fortunei, in which negative pressures persisted below -40[deg]C. Abscisic acid treatment of inkberry and Euonymus kiautschovica resulted in increases in freeze-induced tensions in leaves, suggesting that both cold acclimation and abscisic acid have similar effects on freezing behavior[mdash] specifically on the ability of cell walls to undergo deformation. Decreases in peak tensions were generally associated with lethal freezing injury and may suggest cavitation of cellular water. However, in suspension-cultured cells of grapes and apple, no cell tension was observed during freezing. Cold acclimation of these cells resulted in an increase in the cell-wall strength and a decrease in the limiting cell-wall pore size from 35 to 22 A in grape cells and from 29 to 22 A in apple cells.
Amyloid Polymorphism: Structural Basis and Neurobiological Relevance

Our understanding of the molecular structures of amyloid fibrils that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, of mechanisms by which disease-associated peptides and proteins aggregate into fibrils, and of structural properties of aggregation intermediates has advanced considerably in recent years. Detailed molecular structural models for certain fibrils and aggregation intermediates are now available. It is now well established that amyloid fibrils are generally polymorphic at the molecular level, with a given peptide or protein being capable of forming a variety of distinct, self-propagating fibril structures. Recent results from structural studies and from studies involving cell cultures, transgenic animals, and human tissue provide initial evidence that molecular structural variations in amyloid fibrils and related aggregates may correlate with or even produce variations in disease development. This article reviews our current knowledge of the structural and mechanistic aspects of amyloid formation, as well as current evidence for the biological relevance of structural variations.
Inductive interactions underlie neural crest formation.

The neural crest is a transient population of cells defined in terms of their ectodermal origin, their migratory behavior, and their derivatives. Neural crest cells classically have been thought to be a segregated population within the neural plate, bordered laterally by presumptive epidermis and medially by prospective central nervous system (CNS). Cell lineage analyses in vitro and in vivo have demonstrated that individual neural crest cells are multipotent. In fact, they have the properties of stem cells with at least a limited ability to self-renew. The experiments summarized in this chapter demonstrate that interactions between the presumptive neural plate and the nonneural ectoderm lead to induction of the avian neural crest at the interface between these tissues. This supports the idea that an inductive signal travels through the epidermis to generate neural crest cells in the gastrulating embryo. On the other hand, the competence of the neural plate to form different types of neural crest derivatives appears to change with time. BMP4 and BMP7 (bone morphogenetic proteins) have been shown to be sufficient to substitute for the nonneural ectoderm in inducing neural crest cells. The neural tube has a characteristic polarity along the rostrocaudal and the dorsoventral axes. Rostrocaudal regionalization is manifested by the formation of subdivisions in the neural tube, such as the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Neural crest cells arising from different axial levels contribute to derivatives characteristic of the axial level of origin. It has been demonstrated that dorsalizing signals influence development of not only the neural crest, but also the dorsal neural tube. Various genes are selectively expressed in the dorsal, but not in the ventral, portion of the neural tube.
The treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with hypnotherapy.

Previous research from the United Kingdom has shown hypnotherapy to be effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The current study provides a systematic replication of this work in the United States. Six matched pairs of IBS patients were randomly assigned to either a gut-directed hypnotherapy (n = 6) or to a symptom monitoring wait-list control condition (n = 6) in a multiple baseline across subjects design. Those assigned to the control condition were later crossed over to the treatment condition. Subjects were matched on concurrent psychiatric diagnoses, susceptibility to hypnosis, and various demographic features. On a composite measure of primary IBS symptoms, treatment was superior (p = .016) to symptom monitoring. Results from the entire treated sample (n = 11; one subject was removed from analysis) indicate that the individual symptoms of abdominal pain, constipation, and flatulence improved significantly. State and trait anxiety scores were also seen to decrease significantly. Results at the 2-month follow-up point indicated good maintenance of treatment gains. No significant correlation was found between initial susceptibility to hypnosis and treatment gain. A positive relationship was found between the incidence of psychiatric diagnosis and overall level of improvement.
Extending The Technology Acceptance Model: Policy Acceptance Model (PAM)

Many have studied the process of acceptance and adoption of new ideas and technologies as they are introduced into society. While several models have been used to assess various influencing factors, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is one that is most widely accepted. This model examines people’s accepta nce of new technologies based on variables that directly correlate to how the end user views the product. This paper introduces the Policy Acceptance Model (PAM), an expansion of TAM, which is designed for the analysis and evaluation of acceptance of new policy implementation. PAM includes the traditional constructs of TAM and adds the variables of age and ethnicity. The model is experimentally assessed using a survey of people’s attitudes toward the upcoming health care reform from 72 survey respondents. The aim is that the theory behind this model can be used as a framework that will be applicable to studies looking at the introduction of any new or modified policies.
Delayed presentation of major complications in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy following hospital discharge.

Introduction Peritoneal surface malignancy is increasingly treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This is associated with potentially high morbidity. We analyzed the incidence of delayed major complications following CRS plus HIPEC. Methods Delayed events were chosen as those which occurred after discharge from the hospital following CRS plus HIPEC and prior to 90 days. Major complications included any adverse event requiring intervention or intensive care unit admission. Results One hundred thirty six patients underwent 140 procedures. Eight patients (5.7%) developed delayed major complications. Complications were pancreatic pseudocyst/pancreatitis (n = 3), abdominal wall dehiscence (n = 2), gastric perforation (n = 1), and ureteral stricture with associated hydronephrosis (n = 2). All of the patients had undergone multivisceral resections. Seven patients achieved complete cytoreduction (cc ≤ 1). Mean peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) was 15.25 ± 5.33 (6–22). Standard of care was met for the management of all the complications and all patients recovered following intervention without any further morbidity or mortality. Conclusion There is a lack of report of the delayed major complications in patients undergoing CRS plus HIPEC in the literature. Awareness should be raised among health care providers regarding possible occurrence of such late complications given that many patients undergo CRS plus HIPEC remotely from their localities. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:324–327. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenylpropargylaldehyde Diethyl Acetal

Phenylpropargylaldehyde diethyl acetal product: phenylpropargylaldehyde diethyl acetal product: cyclohexylmethylpropiolaldehyde diethyl acetal product: phenylethynyl n-butyl dimethyl ketal product: phenylethynyl methyl diethyl ketal product: n-Butylpropiolaldehyde diethyl acetal Keywords: acetal (and thioacetal) formation
Approximating line losses and apparent power in AC power flow linearizations

The linearized DC model is widely used in optimization of power systems but few studies evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of its solutions. This paper studies the source of errors in the linearized DC model and proposes three new models to improve its accuracy. In particular, it proposes a cold-start model capturing line losses and hot-starts models for approximating apparent power and more accurate phase angles. All of the models are linear programs and can easily be used as a building block for more complex applications. Experimental results on well-known benchmarks show the significant benefits in accuracy of the new models and the high correlation of their solutions with AC solutions.
Fluorescence and ESR studies of the conformational behavior of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes at solid/liquid interfaces

The conformational behavior of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on alumina in solutions was investigated by means of excimer fluorescence and electron spin resonance spectroscopy using maleic acid-propene copolymer labeled with pyrene or TEMPO. It was found that the ability of the polyanion at the surface for conformational rearrangements is strongly influenced by the constraints of the adsorbed state that restrict its complexation. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) formed by mixing of the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes exhibited extreme coiling due to the screening of the charged groups. The polyelectrolytes undergo spreading during the adsorption process due to the electrostatic attraction. Surface binding can irreversibly limit the flexibility for the reconformation process to a great extent. It is also shown here that a flatter adsorbed state could be reached by sequential adsorption of polyanion and polycation than could be reached by the direct adsorption of the polyelectrolyte complex itself.
Thermal Propagators and Accelerated Frames of Reference

Abstract We derive and discuss the thermal character of free Minkowski-space propagators, when they are translated into the language of a uniformly accelerated observer. This can be related to propagation in a multiply connected space. The results are also extended to the black hole case, and to propagation in the de Sitter space.
The Exclusive Value Principle – A Concept for Marketing

Codifies a unique marketing and valuation principle: the exclusive value principle (EVP). This principle relates value creation to “psychic space”. Psychic needs can create enormous margins and other benefits. One can influence price/demand as well a create, stimulate, or help define a need for a customer. Attractive margins result from psychic needs as opposed to pure utility fulfilment. Focuses on psychic needs and relationships to price, margins, risk, value. Provides an overview of psychic dimensions and a multidimensional characterization of utility‐psychic space. Principles and perspectives offered are useful in identifying evaluating, targeting and focussing marketing strategy, plans and in product/service design and delivery of customer needs. Recognition of special factors related to psychological dimensions are critical in matching products and services to needs and are fundamental to delivering products and services in the exclusive value category that offer unusual opportunities for profit. Re...
Detection of Mature T-Cell Leukemias by Flow Cytometry Using Anti–T-Cell Receptor VβAntibodies

A broad array of antibodies directed against the variable (V) region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta (V beta) chain has become available in a directly conjugated multicolor format that permits assessment of 19 of 25 V beta families, covering 70% of the normal circulating T-cell repertoire. These antibodies were used to detect expanded T-cell populations in 43 peripheral blood samples submitted for suspected T-cell malignancy. Of 43 samples, 27 were diagnosed as follows: T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia, 14 samples; Sezary syndrome, 4 samples; T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 5 samples; or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma or T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder not otherwise specified, 4 samples. The remaining 16 samples were determined to be nonneoplastic. All samples were diagnosed before assessment with anti-V beta flow cytometry. By using a cutoff of 1.6 times the upper limit of normal range (ULN) to define malignant restriction of V beta use, pathologic restriction of V beta use was found directly or indirectly in all 27 samples carrying a diagnosis of malignancy and directly in 2 of 16 samples without a diagnosis of malignancy. TCR gene rearrangement studies were used to confirm V beta flow cytometry results. By using a cutoff of 1.6 times the ULN for the detection of malignancy, the antibody panel had a diagnostic sensitivity of 89% for direct detection of pathologic V beta restriction and a specificity of 88%, making it useful for rapid diagnosis of T-cell leukemia.
A new root‐nodulating symbiont of the tropical legume Sesbania, Rhizobium sp SIN‐1, is closely related to R. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes

Rhizobium sp. SIN-1, isolated in India from root nodules on the tropical legume Sesbania aculeata, also induces nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of S. macrocarpa, S. speciosa, S. procumbens, S. punicea, S. rostrata, and Vigna unguiculata. Unlike Azorhizobium caulinodans, SIN-1 does not induce stem nodules on S. rostrata. The nodules induced by SIN-1 develop exclusively at the bases of secondary roots. Electron microscopic studies of mature nodule sections revealed rhizobia within intercellular spaces, indicating a ‘crack entry’ mechanism of root infection. SIN-1 is a fast-growing, acid-producing, salt-tolerant Rhizobium that utilizes a wide variety of carbon sources. The nodulation (nod) genes of this strain are located on a 300-MDa symbiosis (sym) plasmid. Fatty acid profile and sequence comparison of a 260-bp conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that SIN-1 is phylogenetically closely related to R. galegae, a species that nodulates temperate legumes.
Changes in phosphorylation of adenosine phosphate and redox state of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) in Geobacter sulfurreducens in response to electron acceptor and anode potential variation.

Abstract Geobacter sulfurreducens is one of the dominant bacterial species found in biofilms growing on anodes in bioelectrochemical systems. The intracellular concentrations of reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH and NAD+, respectively) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH and NADP+, respectively) as well as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were measured in G. sulfurreducens using fumarate, Fe(III)-citrate, or anodes poised at different potentials (110, 10, − 90, and − 190 mV (vs. SHE)) as the electron acceptor. The ratios of CNADH/CNAD+ (0.088 ± 0.022) and CNADPH/CNADP+ (0.268 ± 0.098) were similar under all anode potentials tested and with Fe(III)-citrate (reduced extracellularly). Both ratios significantly increased with fumarate as the electron acceptor (0.331 ± 0.094 for NAD and 1.96 ± 0.37 for NADP). The adenylate energy charge (the fraction of phosphorylation in intracellular adenosine phosphates) was maintained near 0.47 under almost all conditions. Anode-growing biofilms demonstrated a significantly higher molar ratio of ATP/ADP relative to suspended cultures grown on fumarate or Fe(III)-citrate. These results provide evidence that the cellular location of reduction and not the redox potential of the electron acceptor controls the intracellular redox potential in G. sulfurreducens and that biofilm growth alters adenylate phosphorylation.
Perceptions of style and competence in communication

413 undergraduate students completed Norton's Communicator Style Measure and Wiemann's Interpersonal Communication Competence Instrument. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that perceptions of competence in communication are strongly related to the use of a relaxed, supportive, and disclosive communication style. Multiple regression analysis identified the best predictors of perceived competence as friendly, animated, and attentive communication styles.
TRH stimulation and L-glutamic acid inhibition of proximal gastric motor activity in the rat dorsal vagal complex.

Abstract The importance of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in the control of gastric motor activity has been previously established by electrical and chemical stimulation of this region. We have further evaluated excitatory and inhibitory influences on motor activity of the gastric corpus by microinjection of l -glutamic acid (GLU) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into the DVC. GLU and TRH were ejected by pressure (20–30 psi) in 1–10 nl vol. from multibarreled micropipettes and intraluminal pressure and the gastric corpus was measured using a manometric catheter placed into the stomach through the pylorus of urethane-chloralose anesthetized rats. Gastric motor activity was monitored while micropipettes were advanced from the surface of the dorsomedial medulla to a depth of 1 mm in 100 μm increments. Microinjections of GLU (1–10 pmol) at depths of 200–600 μm below the surface of the brainstem caused a decrease in tonic intraluminal pressure and amplitude of phasic contactions of the gastric corpus. Injection of TRH (1–10 pmol) at depths of 200–800 μm increased both tonic intraluminal pressure and amplitude of phasic contractions. The responses to GLU (10 pmol) and TRH (10 pmol) were abolished by hexamethonium and vagotomy; atropine abolished the effect of TRH and attenuated that of GLU. It is concluded that GLU evokes only vagally mediated inhibitory effects on tonic and phasic gastric motor activity when microinjected into the DVC. In contrast, injection of TRH at the same loci causes only vagal cholinergic increases in motor activity. Subpopulations of neurons in the DVC may, therefore, be activated by specific neurotransmitters having opposite effects on gastric motor activity.
Exchange market pressure, trade, sovereign credit ratings, and U.S. exports in banking services

As a leader in providing banking services in the global market, it is important to understand the variables that influence U.S. exports in banking services. This paper examines the influence that trade, sovereign credit ratings, and exchange market pressure have on U.S. exports of banking services. The empirical evidence indicates that higher trade activity and a higher sovereign credit rating reduce U.S. exports of banking services. The results also suggest that exchange market pressure positively affects U.S. exports of banking services. Tests for individual and random effects across units suggest most of the variation in the estimators is within units.
Exercise Hemodynamics and Quality of Life after Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis in the Elderly Using the Hancock II Bioprosthesis.

Background and Aim. While aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis can be performed safely in elderly patients, there is a need for hemodynamic and quality of life evaluation to determine the value of aortic valve replacement in older patients who may have age-related activity limitation. Materials and Methods. We conducted a prospective evaluation of patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with the Hancock II porcine bioprosthesis. All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and completed the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) preoperatively and six months postoperatively. Results. From 2004 to 2007, 33 patients were enrolled with an average age of 75.3 ± 5.3 years (24 men and 9 women). Preoperatively, 27/33 (82%) were New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification 3, and postoperatively 27/33 (82%) were NYHA Functional Classification 1. Patients had a mean predicted maximum V O2 (mL/kg/min) of 19.5 ± 4.3 and an actual max V O2 of 15.5 ± 3.9, which was 80% of the predicted V O2 . Patients were found to have significant improvements (P ≤ 0.01) in six of the nine SF-36 health parameters. Conclusions. In our sample of elderly patients with aortic stenosis, replacing the aortic valve with a Hancock II bioprosthesis resulted in improved hemodynamics and quality of life.
A possible mechanism by which SV40 T-antigen stimulates rRNA synthesis.

Abstract Binding of SV40 T-antigen to RNA polymerase I could account for the observation that T-antigen stimulates rRNA synthesis and that nucleoli do not stain for T-antigen. Two tests were performed to detect binding: a) RNA polymerase I was isolated and assayed in the presence of T-antigen; polymerase activity was enhanced. b) RNA polymerase I and T-antigen were mixed and then T-antigen complement fixation assays performed; complement fixation was not inhibited.
Exploring sex differences in the emotional content of mother-child conversations about the past

In this study, the ways in which mothers and their 30–35-month-old children discussed the emotional aspects of past experiences was explored. Although previous research has established that children this age talk about emotions, and some studies have found sex differences between mother-daughter and mother-son dyads in these conversations, no study has examined explicitly the way in which emotions about the past are discussed. This is an important research question because emotional aspects of events may help provide an evaluative framework for thinking about and talking about the past. The results suggest that, with daughters, mothers focus more on positive emotions and tend not to attribute negative emotions to the child. With sons, positive and negative emotions are discussed equally. Moreover, mothers never discuss anger with their daughters but they do with their sons. Finally, mother-daughter conversations emphasize the emotional state itself, whereas mother-son conversations often discuss the causes and consequences of emotions. The way in which these patterns might contribute to children's developing understanding of gender-appropriate emotional reactions are discussed.
Arterial Hyperoxia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Objective To determine the effect of arterial normobaric hyperoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative neurocognitive function. The authors hypothesized that arterial hyperoxia during CPB is associated with neurocognitive decline at 6 weeks after cardiac surgery. Design Retrospective study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Setting A university hospital. Participants One thousand eighteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or CABG + valve surgery with CPB who previously had been enrolled in prospective cognitive trials. Interventions A battery of neurocognitive measures was administered at baseline and 6 weeks after surgery. Anesthetic and surgical care was managed as clinically indicated. Measurements and Main Results Arterial hyperoxia was assessed primarily as the area under the curve (AUC) for the duration that PaO2 exceeded 200 mmHg during CPB and secondarily as the mean PaO2 during bypass, as a PaO2 = 300 mmHg at any point and as AUC>150 mmHg. Cognitive change was assessed both as a continuous change score and a dichotomous deficit rate. Multivariate regression accounting for age, years of education, baseline cognition, date of surgery, baseline postintubation PaO2, duration of CPB, and percent change in hematocrit level from baseline to lowest level during CPB revealed no significant association between hyperoxia during CPB and postoperative neurocognitive function. Conclusions Arterial hyperoxia during CPB was not associated with neurocognitive decline after 6 weeks in cardiac surgical patients.
The effectiveness of men and women in problem-solving groups as a function of group gender composition

Previous research suggests that the fewer women in a group, the less likely their ideas will be considered. The present study was designed to test the effect of gender composition on women's influence. Thirty groups were asked to solve two problems, first as individuals, then as groups. Composition and gender of the subject receiving a helpful clue were varied. Subjects rated the second task and members of the group, and a Bales Interaction Analysis was conducted. Results indicated that men were more influential than women only when in the minority, that women had smaller proportions of leadership acts than men, and that some stereotyped attitudes existed. Results were discussed in terms of previous findings, and suggestions for future research were made.
Light-Cone Structures and Sum Rules as Seen in the Parton Dual-Resonance Model

We propose a simple and unique asymptotic symmetry scheme to incorporate spins, SU (3), $\mathrm{CPT}$ invariance, and the generalized Bose statistics into the parton dual-resonance model for deep-inelastic lepton-hadron reactions. The scheme embodies Harari-Rosner quark duality diagrams, adopts Chan-Paton SU (3)-symmetry factors, identifies Mandelstam, Bardakci, and Halpern's multiplicative quark model in the Bjorken limit, and generates Fritzsch and Gell-Mann's light-cone structures identically. The dynamical (parton-dual-resonance-model) approach is therefore unified with the symmetry (light-cone) approach, and the complementarity between these two is established. Light-cone sum rules are derived, and a new sum rule is suggested. As a further application of this scheme, we calculate the complete sets of bilocal light-cone structures occurring in the two-heavy-boson processes.