cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Talking to Teens about Sex: Mothers Negotiate Resistance, Discomfort, and Ambivalence

Abstinence-only sex education is based in part on the premise that parents are their children’s best sex educators. In-depth interviews with 40 mothers of teenagers suggest, by contrast, that these mothers experience numerous challenges around talking to their children about sexuality. In this paper, I examine three of the most common barriers in mothers’ accounts of “the talk.” First, mothers perceive their teenagers as highly resistant to these conversations. Second, they experience embarrassment and discomfort around talking to their teens about sex and sexuality. Third, they expressed ambivalence about when, what, and how much to say to their children about these topics. I argue that these obstacles are shaped by cultural anxieties and contradictions around parenting, sexuality, and adolescence that are fueled by debates, policies, and programs over the past 30 years that have promulgated a danger discourse of child and teen sexuality. The conclusion discusses the social policy implications of this research.
Total 1H and 13C chemical shift assignment of indolizino[3,4,5‐a,b]‐isoindole and 2‐methylthiobenz[f]imidazo[5,1,2‐c,d]indolizine

The 1H and 13C nmr spectral assignment of indolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoindole and 2-methylthiobenz[f]-imidazo[5,1,2-c,d]indolizine are described. A concerted interpretation of the HMQC, HMQC-TOCSY, HMBC and nOe-difference experiments were used to assign the 1H and 13C resonances of indolizino-[3,4,5-a,b]isoindole, whereas for 2-methylthiobenz[f]imidazo[5,1,2-c,d]indolizine a concerted interpretation of the COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments were used to generate spectral assignments.
A simple model of cross‐flow filtration based on particle adhesion

A simple model presented for cross-flow filtration of liquid suspensions was formulated on the premise that among the particles convected to the filter medium surface in cross-flow filtration, only a fraction of them become deposited. A criterion based on the interplay of the geometry of the cake-suspension interface and various forces acting on a particle as it moves toward the interface was established and an expression of the adhesion probability of impacting particles developed. The model was then formulated by incorporating the adhesion probability information together with conventional cake filtration theories. Through sample calculations, the model was found to display behavior consistent with the observed phenomena of cross-flow filtration and capable of representing experimental results.
A multi-scale constitutive formulation for the nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of laminated composite materials and structures

Abstract This paper presents an integrated micromechanical and structural framework for the nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of laminated composite materials and structures. Each unidirectional lamina is idealized using the Aboudi four-cell micromodel with incremental formulation in terms of the average strain and stress in the subcells. The fiber medium is considered as transversely isotropic and linear elastic. The Schapery nonlinear viscoelastic model is used to describe the isotropic viscoelastic behavior of the matrix subcells. A previously developed recursive–iterative method is employed for the numerical integration of the Schapery model. The subcells' constitutive models are nested through a numerical stress-update algorithm. The latter is based on a predictor–corrector scheme that satisfies the fiber and matrix viscoelastic constitutive relations along with the micromechanical equations in the form of traction continuity and strain compatibility between the subcells. The effect of physical aging on creep is also examined. Several experimental creep tests on off-axis specimen, available in the literature, are used to validate the formulation. The proposed material and structural framework is general and can easily incorporate temperature, moisture, and physical aging effects. The micromechanical model is numerically implemented within a shell-based nonlinear finite element (FE) by imposing a plane stress constraint on its 3D formulation. Examples for nonlinear viscoelastic structural analyses are demonstrated for a laminated panel and a composite ring.
Capital mobility among advanced countries

Abstract Mobility of capital has been studied by examining savings–investment correlations, real interest rates differentials, covered and uncovered interest parity, and equity home bias. All these examine the capital mobility question indirectly. This paper directly tests the return/total flow specification of the Mundell–Fleming model. It finds that while portfolio equity and debt flows are, direct investment is not; and in every case, the inclusion of direct investment makes the aggregative-capital variable unresponsive to interest rates. Asset-based exchange rate models may benefit by looking at the composition of cross-border assets, countries can have independent monetary policies with full capital mobility, and macroeconomic policy trilemma for open economies disappears.
Function minimization and automatic differentiation using C

Function minimization techniques often require values for the first partial derivatives of the function at a point. Certain techniques, such as Newton's method, require the values of the second partial derivatives as well. The methods commonly used to obtain these values have certain drawbacks which can be eliminated using a technique known as automatic differentiation. When this technique is implemented in an object oriented language with operator overloading capabilities, the problem of differentiation and minimization can be mapped into a code which fits well with the problem space.
Obtaining three-dimensional probability density functions from projected data

ABSTRACT In many experimental observation systems where the goal is to record a 3-dimensional observation of an object, or a set of objects, a lower dimensional projection of the intended subject is obtained. In some situations only the statistical properties of such objects is desired: the three dimensional probablility density function. This articledemonstrates that under special symmetries this function can be obtained from a two dimensional probability densityfunction which, has been obtained from the observed, projected data. Standard tomographic theorems can be usedto guarantee the uniqueness of this function and a natural basis set can be used in computing the three dimensionalfunction from the two dimensional projection. Here, the theory of this inversion is explored from a theoretical andnumerical point of view with some examples of data functions taken from scientific experimentsKeywords: tomography, probability density function,inverse theory 1. INTRODUCTION In many experimental observation systems whose goal is to record a "true" 3-dimensional observation of an object,or a set of objects, a lower dimensional projection of the intended subject is obtained. In general, the tomographicinversion theorems for many such systems have been known for some time and have been used to expedite theinversion of projected data sets: one and two-dimensional projections of such structures to obtain the 3-dimensional
Oxidative stress signalling in Alzheimer's disease

Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that oxidative stress is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurring prior to cytopathology, and therefore may play a key pathogenic role in the disease. Indeed, that oxidative mechanisms are involved in the cell loss and other neuropathology associated with AD is evidenced by the large number of metabolic signs of oxidative stress as well as by markers of oxidative damage. However, what is intriguing is that oxidative damage decreases with disease progression, such that levels of markers of rapidly formed oxidative damage, which are initially elevated, decrease as the disease progresses to advanced AD. This finding, along with the compensatory upregulation of antioxidant enzymes found in vulnerable neurons in AD, indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only cause damage to cellular structures but also provoke cellular responses. Mammalian cells respond to extracellular stimuli by transmitting intracellular instructions by signal transduction cascades to coordinate appropriate responses. Therefore, not surprisingly stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathways, pathways that are activated by oxidative stress, are extensively activated during AD. In this paper, we review the evidence of oxidative stress and compensatory responses that occur in AD with a particular focus on the roles and mechanism of activation of SAPK pathways.
Binding of dexamethasone to rat liver nuclei in vivo and in vitro: evidence for two distinct binding sites.

Abstract The binding of [ 3 H]dexamethasone (DEX) to rat liver nuclei in vitro and in vivo have been compared. In vitro , purified nuclei displayed a single class of specific glucocorticoid binding sites with a dissociation constant ( K d ) of approximately 10 −7 M for [ 3 H]DEX at 4°C. The glucocorticoid agonists prednisolone, cortisol, and corticosterone and the antagonists progesterone and cortexolone competed avidly for this site, but the potent glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) competed poorly in vitro . Nuclei isolated from the livers of intact rats contained 1–2 × 10 4 [ 3 H]DEX binding sites/nucleus. Up to 85% of the binding sites were recovered in the nuclear envelope (NE) fraction when NE were prepared either before or after labeling with [ 3 H]DEX in vitro . After adrenalectomy, the specific [ 3 H]DEX binding capacity of both nuclei and NE decreased to 15–20% of control values, indicating sensitivity of the binding sites to hormonal status of the animals. Efforts to restore the binding capacity by administration of exogenous glucocorticoids, however, were unsuccessful. After labeling of rat liver nuclei in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of [ 3 H]DEX or [ 3 H]TA into living animals, the steroid specificity and subnuclear localization of radiolabel were different. Both [ 3 H]TA (which did not bind in vitro ) and [ 3 H]DEX became localized to nuclei in a saturable fashion in vivo . With either of these ligands, ~20% of the total nuclear radiolabel was recovered in the NE fraction. These results suggest the presence of two separate and distinct binding sites in rat liver nuclei, one which is localized to the NE and binds [ 3 H]DEX (but not [ 3 H]TA) in vitro , and another which is not localized to the NE but binds [ 3 H]DEX and [ 3 H]TA in vivo .
The impact of increased lupus activity on obstetric outcomes.

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. We examined the impact of disease activity on spontaneous abortions, perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, and birth weight. Methods The study was designed to assess all pregnancies in a cohort of lupus patients who were observed prospectively from 1987 to 2002. At each visit, the physician's estimate of lupus activity was determined on a visual analog scale (high-activity lupus defined as a score of ≥2). Disease activity in each trimester was compared. We assessed the impact of high-activity lupus during pregnancy on gestational age, live birth rate, and small for gestational age babies. Potential confounders, including demographics of the women as well as maternal history of lupus, renal lupus, and antiphosphoplipid antibody syndrome, were analyzed through multivariate analysis. Results Two hundred sixty-seven pregnancies were observed. Of these, 229 (85.8%) resulted in a live birth. High-activity lupus occurred in 57 pregnancies (21%). Fewer pregnancies among women with high-activity lupus ended with live births (77% versus 88% of those with low-activity lupus; P = 0.063). Full-term delivery was achieved in 15 pregnancies (26%) among women with high-activity lupus, compared with 127 pregnancies (61%) achieving full-term in those with no or mild lupus activity (P < 0.001). High-activity lupus in the first and second trimesters led to a 3-fold increase in pregnancy loss (miscarriages and perinatal mortality). Conclusion High-activity lupus during pregnancy leads to increased premature birth and a decrease in live births, with almost one-quarter of these pregnancies resulting in fetal loss. Pregnancies in lupus patients must be closely watched and treated during all trimesters to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Some Characteristics of Long-Range Planning: An Industry Study

This article elaborates on a number of long-range planning aspects previously implied in the author's September 1967 Journal article.
Isolation and characterization of an acyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from an erythromycin-producing Streptomyces erythreus

Abstract Streptomyces erythreus produces erythromycin presumably from methylmalonyl-coenzyme A, (CoA) which might be generated by carboxylation of propionyl-CoA. A biotin-containing enzyme which carboxylates acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and butyryl-CoA was purified to near homogeneity from S. erythreus using DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on monomeric avidin-Sepharose, and blue Sepharose. The enzyme carboxylates propionyl-CoA (100%) with a K m of 0.09 m m and V of 0.86μmol/mg/min, acetyl-CoA (16%) with a K m of 0.17 m m and V of 0.08μmol/mg/min, and butyryl-CoA (7.7%) with a K m of 0.67 m m and V of 0.044 μmol/mg/min. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of 537,000 and consists of two types of subunits with molecular weights of 67,000 and 61,000, respectively, indicating an octameric α 4 β 4 type of structure. Biotin is associated with the large subunit (α). The enzyme has a pH optimum between 7.5 and 7.8. It is stimulated (three- to fourfold) by K + , Rb + and Cs + but not by Na + or Li + and is inhibited by high concentrations of NH 4 + and C1 − . Neither citrate nor free CoA stimulated the enzyme. The enzyme was shown to be stereospecific and generated only S -methylmalonyl-CoA from the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA. The present case appears to be the first enzyme possibly involved in erythromycin production to be isolated in homogeneous form.
Despite overall low pediatric head injury mortality, disparities exist between races.

BACKGROUND: To continually improve quality of care, it is important for centers caring for children with head injury to evaluate their overall outcome and that among diverse patient groups. METHODS: Data on children with head injuries were extracted from the National Trauma Data Bank of the American College of Surgeons and our local trauma registry. Unadjusted mortality, as well as stratified analysis and logistic regression modeling, was used to evaluate overall and race-specific mortality. RESULTS: There were 13,363 children in the National Trauma Data Base and 3111 in our database included. Our overall mortality rate compared favorably with the national data (3.2% vs 6.8%, P < .05). Our local data, however, showed a significant difference in mortality between white and African American (AA) children (2.2% vs 5.3%, P < .05), which was not identified in the national data. After stratification, the disparities by race persisted. Finally, multivariate regression modeling revealed that AA race was an independent predictor of mortality among our patient population, with an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-7.8). CONCLUSION: Despite excellent outcomes for children with head injuries, we have uncovered unsettling inequities between AA and white children. These findings support the need to evaluate outcomes among specific groups to identify disparities that require further careful investigation. Language: en
RCS analysis and reduction for lossy dihedral corner reflectors

The radar cross-section patterns of lossy dihedral corner reflectors are calculated using a uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for impedance surfaces. All terms of up to third order reflections and diffractions are considered for patterns in the principal plane. The surface waves are included whenever they exist for reactive surface impedances. The dihedral corner reflectors examined have right, obtuse, and acute interior angles, and patterns over the entire 360 degrees azimuthal plane are calculated. The surface impedances can be different on the four faces of the dihedral corner reflector; however, the surface impedance must be uniform over each face. Computed cross sections are compared with a moment method technique for a dielectric/ferrite absorber coating on a metallic corner reflector. The analysis of the dihedral corner reflector is important because it demonstrates many of the important scattering contributors of complex targets including both interior and exterior wedge diffraction, half-plane diffraction, and dominant multiple reflections and diffractions. >
Selectivity and mechanism shifts in the reactions of acetaldehyde on oxidized and reduced TiO2(001) surfaces

Depending on the oxidation state of the TiO2(001) surface, acetaldehyde can form C4 products by either aldol condensation or reductive coupling routes. Aldol condensation generates crotonaldehyde and crotyl alcohol, and is favored on oxidized, stoichiometric surfaces. Reductive coupling produces butene, and occurs only on reduced surfaces. The switch-over in selectivity with increasing extents of surface oxidation provides important insights into the active site requirements for each of these reactions.
Randomized comparison of volar locking plates and intramedullary nails for unstable distal radius fractures.

Purpose To compare minimally invasive intramedullary nails (IMN) and volar locking plates (VLP) for the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures by evaluating postoperative subjective, radiographic, and functional outcomes. The hypothesis was that IMN patients would have less pain and required less pain medication in the early postoperative period and returned to work earlier than VLP patients. Methods Sixty patients with closed, displaced, unstable, extra-articular, metaphyseal fractures of the distal radius were randomized to receive a VLP or an IMN for internal fixation. Functional outcomes (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Michigan Hand Questionnaire), radiographic measurements (ulnar variance, radial height, inclination, and volar tilt), and range of motion were assessed until final follow-up at 2 years after surgery. Narcotic pain medication use was documented for 5 weeks following surgery. Results There were 2 groups of 30 patients with IMN (mean age, 55 ± 14 y) or VLP (mean age, 55 ± 16 y) with similar demographics and comorbidities. Patients with IMN regained extension earlier but had similar range of motion to patients with VLP at final follow-up. There was similar improvement in Michigan Hand Questionnaire, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and strength between groups. Five weeks after surgery, fewer IMN patients required narcotic pain medication (13%) than VLP patients (33%). Radiographic outcomes were similar at final follow-up. There were 3 failures with IMN versus 1 failure with VLP. All 10 employed patients with IMN returned to previous work compared with 10 of the 12 employed patients with VLP. Time to return to work was similar for both groups. Conclusions In a cohort of similar patients, IMN and VLP provided comparable improvement in functional and radiographic outcomes. Patients with IMN required less narcotic pain medication after surgery than VLP patients. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic II.
The structure of plant slimes

Abstract Several slimes have been investigated with the electron microscope. With one exception (Linum) their cellulose has the same microfibrillar form that has been found in cell walls. These microfibrils are separately suspended in the polyuronic acids as an amorphous ground substance; they are increasingly dispersed as the swelling proceeds. Short particles occur in linseed (Linum) slime. These show a marked tendency to become attached together in chains when the ground substance is dissolved away. This is a “true” slime which does not give the usual chemical tests for cellulose; it is therefore not clear if these short particles should be classed as cellulose; the previous supposition that mixed cellulosepolyuronide molecules exist is not confirmed by the electron microscopic observations.
GINS and Sld3 Compete with One Another for Mcm2-7 and Cdc45 Binding

Sld3 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication, but Sld3 does not travel with a replication fork. GINS binds to Cdc45 and Mcm2-7 to form the replication fork helicase in eukaryotes. We purified Sld3, Cdc45, GINS, and Mcm2-7 and studied their interaction and assembly into complexes. Sld3 binds tightly to Cdc45 in the presence or absence of cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Furthermore, Sld3 binds tightly to the Mcm2-7 complex, and a ternary complex forms among Cdc45, Mcm2-7, and Sld3, with a 1:1:1 stoichiometry (CMS complex). GINS binds directly to Mcm2-7, and GINS competes with Sld3 for Mcm2-7 binding. GINS also binds directly to Cdc45, and GINS competes with Sld3 for Cdc45 binding. Cdc45, Mcm2-7, and GINS form a ternary complex with a stoichiometry of 1:1:1 (CMG complex). Size exclusion data reveal that when Sld3, Cdc45, Mcm2-7, and GINS are added together, the result is a mixture of CMS and CMG complexes. The data suggest that GINS and Sld3 compete with one another for Mcm2-7 and Cdc45 binding. Our results are consistent with a model wherein GINS trades places with Sld3 at a replication origin, contributing to the activation of the replication fork helicase.
Transluminal laser angioplasty

Twenty seven patients with femoral artery occlusion were treated by transluminal Nd:YAG laser angioplasty, in 16 patients the procedure was combined with intraarterial infusion of rTPA (actilyse-Boehringer Ing). In 5 out of 11 patients from the initial group recanalization was not successful. In 16 patients from the rTPA group satisfactory immediate results were achieved in all cases. In long time observations ranging from 9 to 24 months all patients remained free from symptoms, although in 4 of them angiography and Doppler ultrasound examination reveal no flow in the femoral artery. In the remaining 12 patients (75%), the previously occluded artery is patent. No complications of laser angioplasty nor intraarterial infusion of rTPA were noted in this series.
The impact of maternal mortality interventions using traditional birth attendants and village midwives

Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) and village midwives have been employed in many interventions to reduce maternal mortality in developing countries. This study reviews the results of 15 TBA- and midwife-based interventions that aim to improve skilled assistance in delivery and recognition and referral of complications. Outcome measures used to evaluate the impact of the programmes varied. Five of the five programmes reviewed that evaluated their impact on maternal mortality demonstrated a decline in maternal mortality ratios, two of three studies measuring morbidity-related indicators found improvement of some but not all morbidity outcomes, six of seven showed a trend of improved referral rates, and three of three found high levels of knowledge retention among trained TBAs. Programmes with the greatest impact utilised TBAs and village midwives within multisectoral interventions. These findings suggest that TBAs and village midwives contribute to positive programme outcomes. Further investigation is needed to determine the nature of their contribution within larger programmes.
Isolation and Characterization of Borane Complexes of Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide

Trialkylboranes (R3B) catalyze the repetitive insertion of methylene from dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (1) to form polymethylene. A proposed intermediate in this reaction is a 1:1 complex between R3B and ylide 1. Following complexation, an alkyl group (boron-substituted) undergoes a 1,2-migration to the methylide carbon with displacement of a molecule of DMSO. A series of complexes of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (1) and various organoboranes, X3B (X = H, Ph, F, C6F5), have been prepared and isolated. Molecular structures, obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, for ylide·BF3 (3) and ylide·B(C6F5)3 (4) were found to contain geometries with potential migrating groups anti-periplanar to the carbon−sulfur bond. The stability of solutions of these complexes ranges considerably. For example, ylide·BPh3 (6) undergoes reaction at room temperature, while ylide·B(C6F5)3 (3) is stable to temperatures > 100 °C. All complexes can be prepared as solids stable at room temperature. The solid-state stability of y...
Stress and silicon nitride: a crack in the universal dissipation of glasses.

High-stress silicon nitride microresonators exhibit a remarkable room temperature $Q$ factor that even exceeds that of single crystal silicon. A study of the temperature dependent variation of the $Q$ of a $255\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}255\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nm}$ thick high-stress ${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ membrane reveals that the dissipation ${Q}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ decreases with lower temperatures and is $\ensuremath{\simeq}3$ orders of magnitude smaller than the universal behavior. Stress-relieved cantilevers fabricated from the same material show a $Q$ that is more consistent with typical disordered materials. $e$-beam and x-ray studies of the nitride film's structure reveal characteristics consistent with a disordered state. Thus, it is shown that stress alters the ${Q}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, violating the universality of dissipation in disordered materials in a self-supporting structure.
The development and validation of a new coeliac disease quality of life survey (CD-QOL)

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 666–675 Summary Background Previous studies on coeliac disease (CD)-related quality of life (QOL) have been limited by their use of a ‘generic’ rather than coeliac disease-specific assessment instruments. Aim To develop and psychometrically validate a new coeliac disease-specific instrument, the CD-QOL. Methods Through a series of focus groups, we elicited items from patients that related to the specific nature of their disease and its impact on their basic needs. Through expert review, cognitive debriefing with patients and pilot testing, a scale was developed, refined and administered to 387 patients on a gluten-free diet from both community-based support groups and a tertiary care referral centre. Finally, a formal validation study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the CD-QOL. Results The final CD-QOL has 20 items across four clinically relevant subscales (Limitations, Dysphoria, Health Concerns, and Inadequate Treatment). The CD-QOL has high internal consistency, reliability, and psychometric validation indicates both convergent and discriminate validity. Conclusions The CD-QOL is a reliable and valid measure of coeliac disease related QOL. As a new disease-specific instrument, it is likely to be a useful tool for evaluating patients with this disorder.
Structural domains in RNAi

Structural and biochemical studies have begun to elucidate the pathway of RNA silencing that leads to the formation of the RISC complex. The outstanding feature of this pathway is the precise recognition and processing of double-stranded RNA. We present a review of recent structures that illustrate the molecular mechanisms contributing to these two related functions, highlighting models of Drosha, Dicer, and RISC function.
Utility of biochemical verification of tobacco cessation in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Abstract Research on the validity of self-report tobacco use has varied by the population studied and has yet to be examined among smokers serviced by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of returning a biochemical urine test and the specificity and sensitivity of self-reported tobacco use status compared to biochemical verification. This was a sub-analysis of the larger Tobacco Tactics research study, a pre-/post-non-randomized control design study to implement and evaluate a smoking cessation intervention in three large VA hospitals. Inpatient smokers completed baseline demographic, health history and tobacco use measures. Patients were sent a follow-up survey at six-months to assess tobacco use and urine cotinine levels. A total of 645 patients returned six-month surveys of which 578 also returned a urinary cotinine strip at six-months. Multivariate analysis of the predictors of return rate revealed those more likely to return biochemical verification of their smoking status were younger, more likely to be thinking about quitting smoking, have arthritis, and less likely to have heart disease. The sensitivity and specificity of self-report tobacco use were 97% (95% confidence interval = 0.95–0.98) and 93% (95% confidence interval = 0.84–0.98) respectively. The misclassification rate among self-reported quitters was 21%. The misclassification rate among self-reported tobacco users was 1%. The sensitivity and specificity of self-report tobacco use were high among veteran smokers, yet among self-report quitters that misclassification rate was high at 21% suggesting that validating self-report tobacco measures is warranted in future studies especially in populations that are prone to misclassification.
The fate of cholesteryl esters in human serum incubated in vitro at 38

Abstract 1. 1. Following the incubation of nonlipemic human serum (serum glyceride concentration, 49 mg%) at 38° for 36 h, the major lipoprotein species (S f 20-10 5 , S f 0–20, high-density lipoproteins) have been isolated ultracentrifugally and their lipid compositions determined. In all three lipoprotein species, the molar concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids decrease, while those of the cholesteryl esters increase. The data indicate that during the course of the incubation some of the cholesteryl esters are released from the S f 0–20 lipoproteins and, subsequently, are associated with the S f 20-10 5 lipoproteins and the high-density lipoproteins. 2. 2. Although the total glyceride content in the serum remains constant, it decrease in the S f 20-10 5 lipoproteins and increases in the high-density lipoproteins and the S f 0–20 lipoproteins. The observed reduction in the S f 20-10 5 lipoprotein is attributed to the transfer of glyceride to the other lipoproteins during incubation. 3. 3. The fatty acid distributions to the glyceride and cholesteryl ester fractions have been determined by gas-chromatographic techniques. Significant changes are observed only in the glyceride fatty acids of the S f 20-10 5 lopoproteins.
An Early Example of Public Archaeology in the United States: Nauvoo, Illinois, 1962–1969:

Although public archaeology has become increasingly popular since the 1980s, there were archaeologists engaged with the public well before this time. Yet, there have been very few attempts to docum...
Using infographies as a tool for introductory data analytics education in 9–12

Data Analytics is an all pervasive concept and involves procuring and analyzing data, visualizing the results of the analysis, and drawing conclusions and insights from the results. This paper describes the results of using infographies to teach data analytics to 262 high school students in grades 9 through 12 across four schools in Philadelphia. For the purpose of this paper, an infographie is defined as a graphical representation of information gleaned from data-driven analyses. A collaboration between university professors, Ph.D. students, and high-school teachers enabled covering core data analytics topics in multiple science classes. Results from the pre-class and post-class survey results indicate that students were able to gain skills to create infographies using basic descriptive statistics. Students were able to articulate data-driven insights and explain their findings using the infographies in the classroom.
Parasites of the armyworm in Louisiana.

Observations on parasitism of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), were made at various localities in Louisiana over the 5 years from 1955 to 1959. Although the percentage of parasitism was remarkably uniform, between 35 and 39%, the year-to-year variation in the relative numbers of the major species of parasites was great. Notes are included on the biology of the species of parasites found and on occasional incidence of major disease.
A chronic electrode for peripheral nerve stimulation: application for vagal stimulation.

An electrode suitable for chronic implantation around the cervical vagus with lead wires attached to a female connector head piece was developed. Electrical stimulation through the electrode effectively produced a heart rate decrease, an indicator of effective vagal stimulation, in approximately 75 of the subjects implanted for a 14 day test period.
Can community knowledge exceed its members

We are investigating the nature of knowledge building in virtual communities. In particular, we are exploring the possibility that a small group of students collaborating online on math problems can construct shared group knowledge that exceeds the knowledge of the individual group members. That is, can people working and learning as a community accomplish tasks that none of them would have been able to do individually?
Necessary optimality conditions for programming problems over cone domains

In earlier results by Sposito and David, Kuhn-Tucker type duality associated with a certain saddlepoint problem was established over convex cone domains (not necessarily polyhedral) without differentiability. Recent variants have established necessary optimality conditions of the Fritz John and Kuhn-Tucker type for programming problems over" convex polyhedral cone domains which require differentiability assumptions. This paper extends the present results in the literature to programming problems over arbitrary convex cone domains (not necessarily polyhedral).
The measured intelligence of autistic children

A study is presented with a focus on IQ measurements of subnormal and autistic children analyzed for repeatability and also for relationship to other factors such as severity of illness and outcome of treatment. Initial IQ measurements correlated well with those obtained c. 5 years later (M=5.32). Of the 115 autistic children tested, 94% had General IQs in the retarded range ( 50 at initial evaluation, who were subsequently treated, showed a greater increase in IQ than untreated children in the same IQ range. Treatment was without differential effect for children with < 40 IQs. After treatment, Verbal IQ gains tended to be maintained or improved in groups with higher initial IQs, but stagnated or were even lost in the lower IQ groups.
Anomalous effects of two gap superconductivity in MgB2

In this paper a brief overview of anomalous behavior resulting from the two-gap superconductivity in MgB2 is given. We focus on two characteristic effects: an anomalous enhancement of the upper critical field by nonmagnetic impurities and nonequilibrium interband phase textures which appear as a result of interband breakdown caused by electric field. Both effects distinguish MgB2 from the existing low-Tc and high-Tc superconductors.
Intracellular K+ Suppresses the Activation of Apoptosis in Lymphocytes

Little is known about the mechanisms of suppression of apoptosis. We have addressed the novel possibility that the level of intracellular K+ regulates the apoptotic process by controlling the activity of death enzymes. We show that K+, at normal intracellular levels, inhibits both apoptotic DNA fragmentation and caspase-3(CPP32)-like protease activation, suggesting that intracellular K+ loss must occur early during apoptosis. Direct measurement of K+ by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry and flow cytometry indicates a major decrease in intracellular K+ concentration in the apoptotic cell. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that caspase and nuclease activity were restricted to the subpopulation of cells with reduced K+. Disruption of the natural K+electrochemical gradient suppressed the activity of both caspase and nuclease independent of the mode of activation of the apoptotic inducing agent, demonstrating that a decrease in intracellular K+ concentration is a necessary, early event in programmed cell death.
A "concrete view" of aging: event related potentials reveal age-related changes in basic integrative processes in language.

Normal aging is accompanied by changes in both structural and functional cerebral organization. Although verbal knowledge seems to be relatively stable across the lifespan, there are age-related changes in the rapid use of that knowledge during on-line language processing. In particular, aging has been linked to reduce effectiveness in preparing for upcoming words and building an integrated sentence-level representation. The current study assessed whether such age-related changes extend even to much simpler language units, such as modification relations between a centrally presented adjective and a lateralized noun. Adjectives were used to elicit concrete and abstract meanings of the same, polysemous lexical items (e.g., “green book” vs. “interesting book”). Consistent with findings that lexical information is preserved with age, older adults, like younger adults, exhibited concreteness effects at the adjectives, with more negative responses to concrete adjectives over posterior (300–500 ms; N400) and frontal (300–900 ms) channels. However, at the noun, younger adults exhibited concreteness-based predictability effects linked to left hemisphere processing and imagery effects linked to right hemisphere processing, contingent on whether the adjectives and nouns formed a cohesive conceptual unit. In contrast, older adults showed neither effect, suggesting that they were less able to rapidly link the adjective–noun meaning to form an integrated conceptual representation. Age-related changes in language processing may thus be more pervasive than previously realized.
Yoga for Women with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results from a Pilot Study

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains a terminal illness for which major treatment advances are slow to appear, and hence it is crucial that effective palliative interventions be developed to reduce the cancer-related symptoms of women with this condition during the remaining years of their lives. This pilot/feasibility study examined a novel, yoga-based palliative intervention, the Yoga of Awareness Program, in a sample of women with MBC. The eight-week protocol included gentle yoga postures, breathing exercises, meditation, didactic presentations, and group interchange. Outcome was assessed using daily measures of pain, fatigue, distress, invigoration, acceptance, and relaxation during two preintervention weeks and the final two weeks of the intervention. Thirteen women completed the intervention (mean age ¼ 59; mean time since diagnosis ¼ 7 years; two African American, 11 Caucasian). During the study, four participants had cancer recurrences, and the physical condition of several others deteriorated noticeably. Despite low statistical power, pre-to-post multilevel outcomes analyses showed significant increases in invigoration and acceptance. Lagged analyses of length of home yoga practice (controlling for individual mean practice time and outcome levels on the lagged days) showed that on the day after a day during which women practiced more, they experienced significantly lower levels of pain and fatigue, and higher levels of invigoration, acceptance, and relaxation. These findings support the need for further investigation of the effects of the Yoga of Awareness Program in women with MBC. J Pain Symptom Manage 2007;33;331e341. 2007 U.S. Cancer
Brand fading: The effects of gradual changes to low tar and nicotine cigarettes on smoking rate, carbon monoxide, and thiocyanate levels

Recently, health service providers have been concerned with alternatives to abstinence as goals for the treatment of smoking. One alternative, low tar and nicotine cigarette smoking, has been examined at length, but evidence on the health effects of this alternative for the individual smoker has been contradictory. Further, the majority of studies which have examined low tar and nicotine smoking have been primarily laboratory-based studies and have not resembled more practical strategies for changing to low tar and nicotine cigarettes. The present study examined the effects of progressive reductions in the tar and nicotine content of cigarettes consumed by individuals in a smoking treatment program. Carbon monoxide levels, thiocyanate levels, and rate of consumption were monitored in nine single subject replications of the tar and nicotine reduction procedure. Data from the majority of smokers indicated decreased risk on both direct (alveolar carbon monoxide and saliva thiocyanate levels) and indirect (rate of consumption) measures of tobacco exposure. Thus, the reduction procedure has important implications for smoking treatment and decreased health risk.
Indomethacin alters the effects of substance-P and VIP on isolated airway smooth muscle.

Abstract Both substance-P and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have previously been demonstrated to contract and relax, respectively, the isolated guinea pig trachea. In addition, substance-P and VIP have been localized within the pulmonary innervation of various species. In the present studies, substance-P was found to cause a concentration-related contraction of isolated lung parenchymal strips of the guinea pig, as well as isolated tracheal strips. VIP caused a significant concentration-related relaxation of the isolated tracheal strip, but not the lung parenchymal strip. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, potentiated the contractile response of the trachea to substance-P and inhibited the VIP- and isoproterenol-induced relaxation. These studies are potentially important in understanding the pathogenesis of bronchospastic disorders, since alterations in prostaglandin biosynthesis may result in hyperreactivity of airways to contractile agonists such as neurotransmitters, as well as an inhibition of relaxation induced by endogenous substances such as VIP or β agonists.
Vapour‐phase hydrogen peroxide inactivates Yersinia pestis dried on polymers, steel, and glass surfaces

Aims: This study evaluated the inactivation of virulent Yersinia pestis dried on polymers, steel, and glass surfaces using vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide. Methods and Results: A suspension of Y. pestis CO92 (1·70 × 108 CFU) was dried on 10 different types of test surfaces and exposed to vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide fumigation for a contact time of 2 h. A significant reduction in the log10 CFU of Y. pestis on all 10 materials was observed between the controls evaluated after a 1 h drying time and unexposed controls evaluated after the decontamination run. Qualitative growth assessment showed that vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide exposure inactivated Y. pestis on all replicates of the 10 test materials as well as biological indicators up to 7 days postexposure. Conclusions: Virulent Y. pestis CO92 is inactivated on polymers, steel, and glass surfaces when exposed to vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide without observable physical damage to the test materials. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides information for using vapour-phase hydrogen peroxide as a practical process for the decontamination of virulent Y. pestis in circumstances where time-dependent attenuation/inactivation or liquid/heat decontamination may not be the most suitable approach.
Behavioral strategy: a foundational view

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the cognitive research of Herbert Simon to business strategy decisions, to begin a discussion of the emerging field of Behavioral Strategy.Design/methodology/approach – Research on cognition, memory and expertise are organized, with the aim of enlightening the process of business strategy development.Findings – The authors select four insights from Simon's work to form an integrative framework of decision making and apply this to illuminate existing approaches to schools of strategy thought and practice.Research limitations/implications – This paper should lead to research on how to advance the process of solving strategic problems, in both practice and theory. The most important limitation is that much additional research lies ahead, as this is a foundational view.Originality/value – This paper is the first to recognize the potential for application of Simon's cognitive research to the practice of strategic decisions.
Heat conduction in Ba1-xKxBiO3

We have investigated heat conduction of single crystal Ba 1-x K x BiO 3 in the temperature range of 2-300 K and in a magnetic field of up to 6 Tesla. Temperature dependence of thermal conductivity κ(T) reveals the participation of both electrons and phonons with their relative contributions that depend critically on the potassium doping concentration. Crystals underdoped with potassium (samples with higher T c ) exhibit a strong suppression of K and a glass-like temperature dependence. In contrast, those with a higher potassium content (lower T c ) show an increase as temperature decreases with a peak near 23 K. Field dependence of κ(H) is also very sensitive to the level of potassium doping. Crystals exhibiting a large phonon contribution show an initial drop in κ(H) at low fields followed by a minimum and then a slow rise to saturation as the field increases. The initial drop is due to the additional phonon scattering by magnetic vortices as the sample enters a mixed state. The high field behavior of κ(H), arising from a continuous break-up of Cooper pairs, exhibits scaling which suggests the presence of an unconventional superconducting gap structure in this material.
Classroom Interactions in a Cooperative Translation Task

For the past decade, translation learning has become one of the main foci for university language students in Taiwan. However, many studies have shown that translation teachers tend to adopt traditional teaching methods without considering class dynamics and student interactions. This paper therefore looks into the interactions in the researcher’s designed cooperative translation task, the Cooperative Translation Task, to see how these interactions helped or hindered students’ translation learning. A small class of 25 translation students and two translation teachers were participants. Videotaping and interviews were conducted in order to investigate the interaction modes and student participants’ perspectives toward each interaction mode. Six interaction modes were found in this task: within group, between group, translator group and comment-giver group, instructor and students, guest teacher and students, and instructor and guest teacher. Based on the results and participants’ responses, suggested teaching guidelines are provided.
Design Study of an MBA Lattice for the Advanced Photon Source

Recent interest in ultra-low-emittance designs for storage-ring-based synchrotron light sources has spurred a focused design effort on a multi-bend achromat (MBA) storage ring replacement for the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The APS is relatively large (1104 m circumference) and, as such, an upgrade to a fourth-generation storage ring holds the potential for a two to three order of magnitude enhancement of X-ray brightness due to the approximate inverse cubic scaling of emittance with the number of dipole bend magnets.