cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can Distributed Teams Reduce Audit Staff Reliance on a Supervisor's Client-Favorable Preferences?

With advances in technology, audit firms have increasingly been using geographically distributed auditors to staff engagements. Recently, however, regulators have expressed concern about the effectiveness of distributed teams and have suggested increasing distributed auditors’ involvement to improve audit quality (IAASB 2015; PCAOB 2016). We conduct an experiment to examine how team member proximity (distributed versus co-located) and involvement length (temporary versus continuing assignment) jointly affect auditor judgment when staff auditors are given client-favorable guidance from their supervisor. Relying on the impression management literature, we predict and find that distributed auditors are less influenced by client-favorable preferences than co-located auditors when they are on temporary assignments, but distributed auditors tend to react more like co-located auditors on continuing assignments. We also find that while distributed auditors on continuing assignment are more influenced by their supervisor’s client favorable guidance than distributed auditors on temporary assignment, the opposite is true of co-located auditors.
The Mythical Number Two

It is often said that there are two types of psychological processes: one that is intentional, controllable, conscious, and inefficient, and another that is unintentional, uncontrollable, unconscious, and efficient. Yet, there have been persistent and increasing objections to this widely influential dual-process typology. Critics point out that the 'two types' framework lacks empirical support, contradicts well-established findings, and is internally incoherent. Moreover, the untested and untenable assumption that psychological phenomena can be partitioned into two types, we argue, has the consequence of systematically thwarting scientific progress. It is time that we as a field come to terms with these issues. In short, the dual-process typology is a convenient and seductive myth, and we think cognitive science can do better.
A Vector Elastic Model for the Cyber 205

The research project reported in this paper is the result of a joint grant from Texaco and Control Data Corporation. The focus of this project was the development of a vectorized version of the two dimensional elastic forward modeling algorithm developed by Kosloff and Reshef (1982). The program was designed for the CDC CYBER 205, and implemented on Texaco’s installation. Timings obtained for Kosloff’s implementaion on the RCL VAX 11/780 with an attached FPS-100 array processor indicate that the vectorized version is approximately 900 times faster on a CYBER 205.
Quality of communication: different patterns of reporting the location of the tip of a nasogastric tube.

Purpose This investigation is part of a prospective National Institutes of Health–funded study evaluating three different methods for estimating the optimal length for placement of a new nasogastric (NG) tube. Abdomen radiographs were required to determine the location of the tube tip. Our objective was to analyze different methods by which the tube location was described in the radiology report of the abdominal radiographs, and the influence of the presence or absence of a relevant clinical history. Methods We reviewed the imaging reports obtained following placement of a new nasogastric tube in patients enrolled in the study. Results There were 188 studies. The x-ray report contained separate description and impression sections in 154. In 24 they were combined. When the history on the requisition indicated “tube placement” as the reason for the study, the location of the tube tip was given in the impression on 134/141 (95%). When the requisition failed to mention “tube placement” as the study indication, the impression only mentioned the tube tip location 4/13 (31%). The report provided a specific location for the tube tip in 115 of the 188 cases; in 73 of the 188 cases, the report stated that the tube tip “overlies/is in the region of” the stomach. On 29 occasions the report stated that the tube, not the tube tip, was in the stomach. Conclusions There is variation in the manner of reporting the location of NG tube tips. When the requisition fails to indicate “tube placement” as the study indication, the report impression often fails to mention the tube location.
Comparing colony-forming units in inpatient nurses: Should military nurses who provide patient care wear hospital-provided scrubs?

Objective To compare bacterial contamination of military-approved uniforms and hospital-provided scrubs donned by nursing staff in an inpatient setting. Design Randomized experimental crossover study. Setting Large academic military medical center. Methods Inpatient units were randomized to predetermine the order of uniform sampling. Participants included nursing staff who provided direct patient care across 7 eligible inpatient units. Sampling of 6 designated sites on the uniform was completed on arrival to work, at ~4 hours into their shift, and at the 8-hour time point, for a total of 18 samples. Sampling of each participant occurred on 2 separate occasions, once in a military-approved uniform, and once in hospital-provided scrubs. After 24 hours of incubation, a colony-counting machine was used to calculate the total colony-forming units (CFU) of the sample. Results Across all time points, military-approved uniforms demonstrated a 2-fold bacterial increase at the abdominal site and 3-fold increases at the sleeve cuff and waist pocket regions compared to the same regions on hospital-provided scrubs. Conclusion Nurses should be aware that bacteria are present at much higher levels on their personal military uniforms compared to hospital-provided scrubs. Additional research is needed to determine whether these findings are a function of wear, laundering, or environmental factors. Nurses should adhere to daily uniform washing to reduce bacterial load and minimize risk of nosocomial infections to the patients they care for.
Language and the Construction of Time through Space

Speakers of different languages think about time differently in accordance with the spatial metaphors common in their languages. Furthermore, learning new spatial metaphors in language instills new non-linguistic representations of time, suggesting that language can play a causal role in constructing mental timelines.
Simulated Tempering Langevin Monte Carlo II: An Improved Proof using Soft Markov Chain Decomposition.

A key task in Bayesian machine learning is sampling from distributions that are only specified up to a partition function (i.e., constant of proportionality). One prevalent example of this is sampling posteriors in parametric distributions, such as latent-variable generative models. However sampling (even very approximately) can be #P-hard. Classical results going back to Bakry and Emery (1985) on sampling focus on log-concave distributions, and show a natural Markov chain called Langevin diffusion mixes in polynomial time. However, all log-concave distributions are uni-modal, while in practice it is very common for the distribution of interest to have multiple modes. In this case, Langevin diffusion suffers from torpid mixing. We address this problem by combining Langevin diffusion with simulated tempering. The result is a Markov chain that mixes more rapidly by transitioning between different temperatures of the distribution. We analyze this Markov chain for a mixture of (strongly) log-concave distributions of the same shape. In particular, our technique applies to the canonical multi-modal distribution: a mixture of gaussians (of equal variance). Our algorithm efficiently samples from these distributions given only access to the gradient of the log-pdf. For the analysis, we introduce novel techniques for proving spectral gaps based on decomposing the action of the generator of the diffusion. Previous approaches rely on decomposing the state space as a partition of sets, while our approach can be thought of as decomposing the stationary measure as a mixture of distributions (a "soft partition"). Additional materials for the paper can be found at this http URL. The proof and results have been improved and generalized from the precursor at arXiv:1710.02736.
Protein Fold Determination by Assembling Extended Super-Secondary Structure Motifs Using Limited NMR Data

3D fold determination of proteins by computational algorithms guided by experimental restraints is a reliable and efficient approach. However, the current algorithms struggle with sampling conformational space and scaling in performance with increasing size of proteins. This paper demonstrates a new data-driven, time-efficient, heuristics algorithm that assembles the 3D structure of a protein from its elemental super-secondary structure motifs (Smotifs) using a limited number of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) derived restraints. The DINGO-NOE-RDC algorithm (3D assembly of Individual smotifs to Near-native Geometry as Orchestrated by limited nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) and residual dipolar couplings (RDC)) leverages on the distance restraints recorded on methyl-methyl (CH 3 −CH 3 ), methyl-amide (CH 3 −H N ), and amide-amide (H N −H N ) NOE contacts, and orientation restraints recorded via RDC on the backbone amide protons, to assemble the target9s Smotifs. Two conceptual advancements were made to bootstrap the structure determination from limited NMR restraints: Firstly, the basic definition of a 9Smotif9 was expanded and secondly, a data driven approach for selection, scoring, ranking and clustering of Smotif assemblies is employed. In contrast to existing methods, the DINGO-NOE-RDC algorithm does not use a force-field or physical/empirical scoring function. Additionally, the algorithm employs a universal Smotif library that applies to any target protein and, can generate numerically reproducible results. For a benchmark set of ten different targets with different topologies, ranging from 100-200 residues, the algorithm identified near-native Smotifs for all of them.
Soft-Tissue Metastases From Esophageal Cancer

Metastatic carcinoma to skeletal muscle and/or subcutaneous fat is a rare event. Only 27 cases of esophageal cancer to soft tissue have been described in the English-language literature. Our goal was to describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of soft-tissue metastasis among patients with primary esophageal cancer at a single institution. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with primary esophageal cancer. Data points analyzed included histologic subtype, anatomic location, metastasis pattern, treatment, and survival. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival time, and log-rank tests were used for comparisons. For all analyses, P < 0.05 was considered significant. Of 1341 patients with primary esophageal cancer, 25 (1.9%) had metastases to soft tissue. Soft-tissue metastases were diagnosed at a median age of 64 years, a median 9.6 months after esophageal cancer diagnosis. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histopathological type, and soft-tissue metastasis was most common in the lower extremity. Local intervention was used for 10 symptomatic patients with favorable prognoses. Chemotherapy was the only treatment modality in 18 patients. Median survival time after diagnosis of soft-tissue metastasis was 8.9 months and was longer in patients with metastasis in soft tissue only (24.6 months, P = 0.007) and in those who received local intervention (11.1 months vs those who did not, P = 0.020). We estimate the prevalence of soft-tissue metastasis to be 1.9% among patients with esophageal cancer. Local intervention may be beneficial for patients in otherwise good health with symptomatic soft-tissue lesions.
Risk factors for post-discharge complications and readmissions in home-discharges after elective posterior lumbar fusions.

Abstract Objectives Previous literature has studied overall post-operative outcomes following lumbar fusions. We examined the rates and risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients who are being discharged home. Patients and methods The 2012–2016 ACS-NSQIP database was used to query for patients undergoing 1- to 2-level posterior lumbar fusions (PLFs) for degenerative spinal pathology. Patients discharged to a destination other than home were removed from the database. Results Out of a total of 19,179 home-discharge patients, 546 (2.8%) experienced any adverse event (AAE), 276 experienced a severe adverse event (SAE) and 321 (1.7%) experienced a minor adverse event (MAE). Overall re-admission and re-operation rate in home-discharged patients was 4.4% and 2.5%. Multivariate analysis identified the following predictors for experiencing an AAE – Bleeding disorder (OR 2.25), BMI ≥ 35.0 vs. BMI 3 days (OR 1.53), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (OR 1.44), hypertension (OR 1.28) and female gender (OR 1.24). Patients with a pre-discharge complication (OR 2.12), bleeding disorders (OR 1.84), chronic steroid use (OR 1.55), age>75 (OR 1.49), age>65 (OR 1.26), history of severe COPD (OR 1.43), total operative time >210 min. (OR 1.26), ASA > II (OR 1.26) and undergoing a 2-level fusion (OR 1.21) were likely to be re-admitted from home. Conclusions Providers should utilize the data to risk-stratify and better understand the need of provision of supplemental health-care services, in home-discharged patients, and/or regular clinic follow-up to minimize the rate of adverse events and reduce costs in a bundled-payment environment.
Understanding for Hire

In this paper, we will explore one way in which understanding can—and, we will argue, should—be valuable. We will do this by drawing on what has been said (primarily in Pritchard et al.: The nature and value of knowledge: Three investigations, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010) about the different ways knowledge can be valuable. Our main contribution will be to identify one heretofore undiscussed way knowledge could be valuable, but isn’t—specifically, having value to someone other than the understander. We suggest that it is a desideratum on an account of understanding that understanding have the specified type of value; our basis for this claim will come from recent work in cognitive psychology. This desideratum can then be used to measure the success of various accounts of understanding. We argue that accounts of understanding that have a particular structure will predict (and perhaps explain) why understanding has that sort of value. For good measure, we then engage in a bit of a literature review, investigating which extant accounts of understanding satisfy this desideratum (spoiler: some do and some don’t).
Steps in Device and Drug Pathway Development: Clinical Trials, Similarities, and Differences

Bringing a new medical device or drug from benchtop to bedside is a long and arduous process and is very expensive. This chapter describes the stages of development for new medical devices and drugs and describes each while comparing the similarities and differences between the two with a focus on clinical trials. Much of this comes from a long personal history of direct involvement in medical device trials, in addition to writing a 510(k) and an IDE.
The Case for a United Nations Vision for Outer Space Activities

Since the dawn of the space age in the late 1950s, humanity has come a long way in exploring and understanding space. Indeed, the very perception of outer space has changed dramatically in over six decades. Each and every year, the importance of space-based data, technologies, services and applications grows hand in hand with our increasing dependency on the benefits of utilizing outer space. The applicability of today’s space technology is incredibly broad and it enables us to monitor the dynamics of the most striking challenges of our time, including climate change, disasters or threats to sustainable development.
Chapter 14 – Primate Genomics

Publisher Summary This chapter briefly describes the primate genomics. It discusses the history of genetics. The study of genetics began in the year 1866, when an Austrian Augustine monk, Gregor Mendel, discovered and published his insights about the fundamental laws of inheritance, which are still valid and remain the basic principle of genetic inheritance. Genetic information has been very useful in studying the dispersal of early mammals on our planet and realignment of major mammal groups. When molecular data are applied to large taxonomic groups of mammals, the realignment or regrouping of placental orders to form taxa, such as Afrotheria, or the determination of close genetic relationships between Cetacaea (whales) and Artiodactyla as Cetartiodactyla, molecular phylogenetics plays an important, decisive, and significant role. A recent review of comparative primate genomics sums up what is known in the field and provides a synopsis of future possibilities. This very general overview fails to mention the important new insights into genomic studies that show how developmental studies are our true key to understanding what makes humans different from primates. Comparative primate genomics are still mired in the initial stages of discovery because of the lack of complete primate genomes. It will take much time, effort, funding, and international cooperation to complete other primate genomes any time soon. However, preliminary steps to improve the possibilities of primate genomics have been accomplished by the establishment of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for several species. The establishment of these BAC libraries provides for faster and cheaper means to investigate genomic materials.
Operative Vs. Non-operative Management of Displaced Midshaft Clavicle Fractures in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantitatively analyze outcomes in operative versus non-operative management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients. Data Sources: Using the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, systematic searches of PUBMED and EMBASE were conducted to identify English-language studies reporting …
Academics and Election Administration in Nigeria

Democratization has proceeded in Africa in terms of implementing multiparty democracy. However, there are still major challenges with this process across the continent. By examining the contribution of the intellectual to election administration in Africa vis‐a‐vis the political obligation of the citizen to the state, the knowledge of political science plays a significant role in resolving the challenges mitigating against democratic consolidation in the continent. This article interrogates the responsibilities of university academics in election administration from 1959 to 2019 and recounts the impact of such interventions for democratization and political stability in Nigeria. Our enquiry reveals that many of the problems undermining election administration are clearly beyond the interventions by these academics. The constraints and limitations of university academics in their efforts as instruments of large‐scale political change in Nigeria are connected largely with the fact that no institution or segment of the society is insulated from the power associated with politics in Nigeria. Accordingly, beyond election administration and also beyond the role of the intelligentsia therein, Nigeria's political ecology must undergo significant holistic changes to deliver a credible, fair and transparent electoral process. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation of NEKL-4/NEK10 and TTLL genes suppress neuronal ciliary degeneration caused by loss of CCPP-1 deglutamylase function

Ciliary microtubules are subject to post-translational modifications that act as a "Tubulin Code" to regulate motor traffic, binding proteins and stability. In humans, loss of CCP1, a cytosolic carboxypeptidase and tubulin deglutamylating enzyme, causes infantile-onset neurodegeneration. In C. elegans, mutations in ccpp-1, the homolog of CCP1, result in progressive degeneration of neuronal cilia and loss of neuronal function. To identify genes that regulate microtubule glutamylation and ciliary integrity, we performed a forward genetic screen for suppressors of ciliary degeneration in ccpp-1 mutants. We isolated the ttll-5(my38) suppressor, a mutation in a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like glutamylase gene. We show that mutation in the ttll-4, ttll-5, or ttll-11 gene suppressed the hyperglutamylation-induced loss of ciliary dye filling and kinesin-2 mislocalization in ccpp-1 cilia. We also identified the nekl-4(my31) suppressor, an allele affecting the NIMA (Never in Mitosis A)-related kinase NEKL-4/NEK10. In humans, NEK10 mutation causes bronchiectasis, an airway and mucociliary transport disorder caused by defective motile cilia. C. elegans NEKL-4 localizes to the ciliary base but does not localize to cilia, suggesting an indirect role in ciliary processes. This work defines a pathway in which glutamylation, a component of the Tubulin Code, is written by TTLL-4, TTLL-5, and TTLL-11; is erased by CCPP-1; is read by ciliary kinesins; and its downstream effects are modulated by NEKL-4 activity. Identification of regulators of microtubule glutamylation in diverse cellular contexts is important to the development of effective therapies for disorders characterized by changes in microtubule glutamylation. By identifying C. elegans genes important for neuronal and ciliary stability, our work may inform research into the roles of the tubulin code in human ciliopathies and neurodegenerative diseases.
Visibility Forecasting with Deep Learning

Visibility is one of the most important weather parameters that affect the operation and safety levels of transportation systems. Low visibility conditions provide highly unsafe scenarios on roads, causing accidents and jeopardizing operations. Accurate visibility forecasts play a key role in decision-making and management of transportation systems. However, the complexity and variability of weather variables makes accurate visibility forecasting a major challenge for transportation agencies nationwide. The related machine learning literature for visibility forecasting treats the problem as a classification one. However, the visibility forecasting task as a regression problem is scarce. This paper addresses the task of single step (t+1) visibility forecasting framed as a regression problem using two deep learning models: a multilayer perceptron (MLP) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). Numerical results indicate that the average root mean squared error of the models is around one mile. The CNN achieved the best average results for three hours lag and nine hours lag, while the MLP performed better for a six hours lag.
Genetic evaluation of patients and families with concern for hereditary endocrine tumor syndromes.

Hereditary endocrine tumor syndromes are rare conditions with overlapping features. It is imperative that healthcare providers differentiate between these syndromes for proper patient care. Advances in genetic testing technologies have increased utilization of genetic counseling and testing in this field; however, few endocrine cancer genetics clinics exist. Two years ago, a genetic counselor (GC) specializing in endocrine cancer genetics was added to the multidisciplinary team of the James Neuroendocrine/Thyroid Clinic at The Ohio State University. Here, we report on this experience. In total, 358 patients were seen. The majority were referred by medical oncology (n = 204; 57%) for a personal history of disease (n = 249; 81%). The most common referral indications were pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (n = 44; 17%), multiple primary tumors (n = 37; 14%), and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (n = 35; 14%). Most patients completed genetic testing after genetic counseling (n = 200; 65%). Targeted gene panel testing was the most common testing ordered (n = 98; 32%). Thirty-one patients (15.5%) had ≥ one likely pathogenic variant (LPV) or pathogenic variant (PV) identified. Approximately 37% (n = 11) did not meet genetic testing guidelines for the gene they tested positive for. The most common genes with LPV/PVs were the SDH genes (n = 8) and MEN1 (n = 7). Referral indications with the highest likelihood of LPV/PVs were paraganglioma, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and multiple primary tumors. We believe this data can provide valuable guidance to healthcare providers who see patients with endocrine neoplasia or who are seeking to establish hereditary endocrine cancer clinics.
The E-Books Conspiracy: Crossing the Line Between Applying and Creating Law

This article responds to John Kirkwood’s Collusion to Control a Powerful Customer: Amazon, E-Books, and Antitrust Policy. Professor Kirkwood argued that in a monopsonistic market (i.e., one where there exists one powerful buyer and many less powerful sellers), or a market in which a buyer has significantly more power than the sellers, collusion on the part of the sellers might be justified, and ought to be a defense to antitrust claims, under certain conditions. This article summarizes Kirkwood’s proposed requirements for invoking this defense and argues that they are overly prescriptive, failing to allow certain instances of beneficial collusion, imposing costly burdens on the sellers, and providing the courts with a set of rules more akin to legislation than a method of interpreting existing antitrust law.
Examining the Links between Log Data and Reflective Problem-solving Practices in An Interactive Task

Learning how to solve authentic problems is an important goal of education, yet how to assess and teach problem solving are research topics to be further explored. This study examines how interaction log data from a computerized task environment could be used to extract meaningful features in order to automate the assessment of reflective problem-solving practices. We collected survey responses and interaction log data of 40 college students working to solve the mass of a ”mystery object” in an interactive physics simulation. The log data was parsed to reveal both the test trials conducted to solve the problem and the pauses in-between test trials, where potential monitoring and reflection of the problem-solving process took place. The results show that reflective problem-solving practices, as indicated by meaningful pauses, can predict problem-solving performance above and beyond participants’ application of physics knowledge. Our approach to log data processing has implications for how we study problem solving using interactive simulations.
Employment, Skill Upgrading, and International Trade: The Case of Sanctions Against Iran

This paper examines the effects of the trade sanctions imposed on Iran in 2010 on employment, demand for skilled labor, and wages by using industrial manufacturing data that cover 10 years before and 5 years after the sanction, 28 provinces, and more than 200 different industries. The results regarding the employment impact of the trade sanctions show that there was remarkable job destruction, most notably in domestically active industries, during the sanction period. The decomposition of the increase in the aggregate demand for skilled labor sheds light on the fact that it comes from labor reallocation within industries, not from across industries. The trade sanctions adversely affected both exporters' and non-exporters' total-factor productivity; however, non-exporters endured a larger negative impact. This induced biased technological change between exporters and non-exporters, which resulted in a market share reallocation towards exporters. As a result, the demand for skilled production workers increased which results in a rise in the real average wage, whereas the demand for non-production workers decreased which results in a fall in the real average wage during the sanction years. This opposite effect is explained by the elasticity of substitution between skilled and unskilled workers.
Gender disparities among medical students choosing to pursue careers in medical research: a secondary cross-sectional cohort analysis.

Background Though the proportion of women in medical schools has increased, gender disparities among those who pursue research careers still exists. In this study, we seek to better understand the main factors contributing to the existing gender disparities among medical students choosing to pursue careers in medical research. Methods A secondary cross-sectional cohort analysis of previously published data was conducted using a 70-item survey that was sent to 16,418 medical students at 32 academic medical centers, and was IRB exempt from the need for ethical approval at the University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Pennsylvania. Data was collected from September 2012 to December 2014. Survey results were analyzed using chi-square tests and Cramer's V to determine gender differences in demographic characteristics (training stage, race/ethnicity, marital status, parental status, financial support, and parental career background), career sector choice, career content choice, specialty choice, foreseeable career obstacles, and perceptions about medical research careers. Results Female respondents were more likely to be enrolled in MD-only programs, while male respondents were more likely to be enrolled in MD/PhD programs. More male students selected academia as their first-choice career sector, while more female respondents selected hospitalist as their first-choice career sector. More female respondents identified patient care and opportunities for community service as their top career selection factors, while more male respondents identified research and teaching as their top career selection factors. Student loan burden, future compensation, and work/life balance were the most reported obstacles to pursuing a career in medical research. Conclusions There are many factors from a medical student's perspective that may contribute to the existing gender disparities in pursuing a career in medical research. While much progress has been made in attracting nearly equal numbers of men and women to the field of medicine, active efforts to bridge the gap between men and women in medical research careers are needed.
Data Refinement Method of Sampling Sites for Remote Sensing Data

To solve the spatial optimization of sampling sites in the process of remote sensing image classification, a data refinement method of sampling sites for remote sensing data was proposed in this study. Firstly, uniformity factor and uniformity curve were constructed to detect the uniformity of sampling sites in geographical space. According to the uniformity degree, the sampling sites were divided into uniform samples, aggregate samples and sparse samples. Secondly, the aggregate samples were deleted, and the sparse samples were matched in adjacent mode and separated mode. The sparse regions were supplemented, and the sampling layout was optimized by iterative sampling space optimization process. Finally, the sampling space optimization effects were evaluated based on the uniformity curve of sampling sites. The results showed that there were two aggregate samples and three sparse samples, and the uniformity factor was -1.70, -1.63, 0.99, 1.03, 1.15, respectively, and there were no aggregate samples and sparse samples after data refinement. The method developed in this study can realize the uniform and unbiased samples in geographical space and feature space, and provide theoretical support for the selection of sampling sites for remote sensing data.
Exact Matching Condition for Matrix Elements in Lattice and $\overline{MS}$ Schemes

The exact matching condition is given for hadron matrix elements calculated in any two different schemes, in particular, in the lattice and dimensional regularization, (modified) minimal subtraction $\overline{\rm MS}$ schemes. The result provides insight into and permits to go beyond Lepage and Mackenzie's mean field theory of removing tadpole contributions in lattice operators.
Development of Hypertension in Rats Maintained on a Sodium Deficient Diet and Bearing a Mammotropic Tumor (MtTF4)

Implantation of a mammotropic tumor (MtTF4), secreting growth hormone, prolactin, and corticotropin, in female rats of Fischer F344 strain causes hypertension, vasculitis, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, and extensive renal and cardiac lesions. When rats of the same strain were implanted with the MtTF4 tumor but sodium was withheld from the diet, systolic blood pressure rose more slowly but by six weeks reached the same values recorded in the animals implanted with the tumor and allowed to consume sodiumad libitum. In the rats, on sodium deficient diet, however, the vascular damage as well as the renal and cardiac lesions were minimal or absent.
CHAPTER 2 – Analog Signal Transducers

Most real-world events and their measurements are analog, which means the measurements can take on a wide, nearly continuous range of values. These physical quantities of interest typically include temperature, pressure, distance, velocity, mass, and energy output. To be measured using an electronic data acquisition system, these quantities must be converted to electrical quantities such as voltage, current, or resistance by using a sensor or transducer. The chapter also illustrates some common usable sensors. Temperature sensors have electrical parameters that vary with temperature. Almost all electronic components have properties which vary with temperature. Many of them could potentially be temperature transducers if their transfer functions were well behaved and insensitive to other variables. The monolithic temperature transducer is a semiconductor temperature sensor combined with all required signal conditioning circuitry and located in one integrated circuit. Optical sensors are used for detecting light intensity. Typically, they respond only to particular wavelengths or spectral bands. Magnetic field sensors are used to measure varying or fixed magnetic fields. Fiber optic sensors are used to measure a wide range of quantities, such as temperature, pressure, strain, displacement, vibration, and magnetic field, as well as for sensing chemical and biomedical materials.
Laser vaporization of the dorsal turbinate as an alternative method of accessing and evaluating the paranasal sinuses.

Objective: To report a technique for stoma creation into the conchofrontal sinus (CFS) through the dorsal turbinate and to evaluate stoma as a site for sinoscopy. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Animals: Cadaveric equine heads (n=2) and normal adult horses (5). Methods: Technique feasibility was established on 2 cadaver heads. A diode laser fiber with a contact probe was passed into the nasal passage through a custom built, laser introducer rod (LIR). A videoendoscope was passed ventral to the LIR. A site on the caudal, medial aspect of the turbinate overlying the dorsal conchal sinus (DCS) was identified. A stoma to facilitate endoscope passage was created through the turbinate and sinoscopy performed to identify structures within the CFS and caudal maxillary sinus (CMS) and to evaluate the quality of the approach. The procedure was then performed in standing, sedated horses. Time required, laser energy used and complications were recorded. Endoscopy was performed ≥5 weeks postoperatively to assess stoma size and long-term effects of the procedure. Results: A stoma was successfully created through the turbinate in both cadaveric skulls and in 4 horses; the stoma persisted for ≥5 weeks. The location of the stoma in 1 horse precluded sinoscopy. Conclusions: Laser vaporization of the dorsal turbinate through the nasal passage creates a stoma that lasts for at least 5 weeks providing a portal to the paranasal sinuses. Based on experience in 1 horse stoma location is critical to ensure adequate endoscope manipulation and sinoscopy. Clinical Relevance: Standing endoscopic sinusotomy within the nasal cavity through the DCS is an alternative to more invasive sinusotomy techniques with fewer potential complications and a cosmetic result.
Post-Divorce Adjustment and Social Relationships: A Meta-Analytic Review

Abstract A meta-analysis was conducted on the role of social relationships in adults' post-divorce adjustment. Twenty-one studies were coded and rich information was gained by comparing “specific relationships” (one-on-one contact with a specific person, such as a friend) with “network relationships” (being part of a group, such as a support group or church community), and by taking into account positive adjustment versus maladjustment, as well as other components of post-divorce adjustment (well-being, affect, psychopathology, and physiological symptoms). The findings indicated that social relationships during the post-divorce period are associated with higher levels of positive adjustment and lower levels of maladjustment. In particular, network relationshipsare important in promoting positive adjustment, while specific relationshipsare important for buffering against maladjustment. This has specific implications for therapists' work with divorcing clients and for the conducting of future research.
Comprehensive Children's Mental Health Services in Schools and Communities: A Public Health Problem-Solving Model

Part I: Introduction to Part I: Reconceptualizing Our Work. Intersection of Public Health, Children's Mental Health and School Psychology. The Continuum of Services with a Public Health Model. Building Capacity through Collaboration and Coalitions. Part II: Introduction to Part II: Public Health Problem-Solving Model. Problem Identification through Applied Epidemiology. Problem Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors. Defining Risk and Protective Factors in Child/Environment Interactions. Ecological Plan Implementation. Monitoring and Evaluation of Outcomes. Part III: Introduction to Part III: From Concept to Action. Case Study in Public Health Problem-Solving. Changing Role of School Psychologists. Sustaining Change in a Public Health Problem-Solving Model.
A VLSI self-compacting buffer for DAMQ communication switches

This paper describes a novel VLSI CMOS implementation of a self-compacting buffer (SCB) for the dynamically allocated multi-queue (DAMQ) switch architecture. The SCB is a scheme that dynamically allocates data regions within the input buffer for each output channel. The proposed implementation provides a high-performance solution to buffered communication switches that are required in interconnection networks. This performance comes from not only the DAMQ approach but also the pipelined implementation and novel circuitry. The major components of the SCB are described in detail in this paper. The system has the capability of performing a read, a write, or a simultaneous read/write operation per cycle due to its pipelined architecture.
Effects of short-term pancreatic duct obstruction in rats

The short-term effects of rat pancreatic duct obstruction were evaluated and compared with those recently reported to follow obstruction of the rabbit pancreatic duct. In both species pancreatic edema and hyperamylasemia are noted, and the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin B is redistributed from the lysosome-enriched to the zymogen granule-enriched subcellular fraction. Theoretically, this redistribution phenomenon might lead to digestive enzyme activation because cathepsin B is known to be capable of activating trypsinogen. The hyperamylasemia and pancreatic edema (but not the cathepsin B redistribution) that follow rat pancreatic duct obstruction were increased by infusion of a submaximally stimulating dose of the cholecystokinin analogue cerulein. Administration of the cholecystokinin-receptor antagonist L-364,718 reduced the hyperamylasemia but did not alter the pancreatic edema or cathepsin B redistribution. These observations indicate that cholecystokinin may modulate some but not all of the effects of duct obstruction. Secretin administration increased the degree of pancreatic edema and had no demonstrable protective effect. The rat duct-obstruction model described in this report may prove particularly useful in future studies designed to clarify the early events underlying the development of acute pancreatitis.
Robust universal servomechanisms with improved transient performance

We consider the design of a robust continuous sliding mode controller (CSMC) that achieves asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection for a class of nonlinear systems. Previous work has shown how to do this by incorporating a linear servo-compensator in the sliding mode design, but the asymptotic tracking is usually achieved at the cost of poor transient performance (compared to ideal SMC). Extending previous ideas from the design of "conditional integrators" for the restricted regulation problem in the presence of constant disturbances, we design the servo-compensator as a conditional one that provides servo-compensation only inside the boundary layer; achieving asymptotic tracking, but with improved transient performance. We give both regional as well as semi-global results for error convergence, and show that the controller can be tuned to recover the performance of an ideal SMC.
Measurements of the Phase of Radio Waves Received over Transmission Paths with Electrical Lengths Varying as a Result of Atmospheric Turbulence

A system for the measurement of the variations in electrical lengths of radio propagation paths is described. The observed path-length instabilities are considered to be caused bythe same atmospheric turbulence responsible for the existence of very high frequency and ultra high frequency fields far beyond the radio horizon. Results obtained on 172.8 mc and 1,046 mc along 3?-, 10-, and 60-mile paths are reported. It is pointed out that measurements of this type provide a powerful tool for the study of the size and intensity of the refractivity variations of the atmosphere giving rise to the observed phenomenon.
Enabling complex nanoscale pattern customization using directed self-assembly.

Block copolymer directed self-assembly is an attractive method to fabricate highly uniform nanoscale features for various technological applications, but the dense periodicity of block copolymer features limits the complexity of the resulting patterns and their potential utility. Therefore, customizability of nanoscale patterns has been a long-standing goal for using directed self-assembly in device fabrication. Here we show that a hybrid organic/inorganic chemical pattern serves as a guiding pattern for self-assembly as well as a self-aligned mask for pattern customization through cotransfer of aligned block copolymer features and an inorganic prepattern. As informed by a phenomenological model, deliberate process engineering is implemented to maintain global alignment of block copolymer features over arbitrarily shaped, ‘masking’ features incorporated into the chemical patterns. These hybrid chemical patterns with embedded customization information enable deterministic, complex two-dimensional nanoscale pattern customization through directed self-assembly. Block copolymers are frequently used as self-assembling materials for nanoscale patterns, but controlling assembly for complex patterning is challenging. Here, the authors integrate masking features into organic–inorganic guide patterns, enabling precise pattern customization by directed self-assembly.
The interaction of irradiation and BCNU in intestinal crypt cells

Abstract Survival of intestinal crypt cells was used to evaluate radiation and BCNU injury in LAF 1 mice. A dose of 25 mg/kg reduced the crypt cell survival to 35% of irradiated control levels, if BCNU was given 3 hr post-irradiation. Drug was more effective when given pre-irradiation from −18 to −2 hr than post-irradiation (1210 rad) from 3 to 48 hr. When a radiation survival curve was determined 2 hr after the MTD dose, the slope was similar to controls, but a shift was caused by cell kill. When BCNU was given 2 hr before a 3 hr split-radiation, the survival ratio was 4–7 which was comparable to the control values. Although BCNU appears to enhance radiation cell kill when given before radiation, it does not appear to inhibit the repair of radiation-induced damage. Irradiation may alter the repair mechanism of cells damaged by BCNU.
Food foraging of honey bees in a microwave field (2. 45 GHz CW)

Honey bees were trained to fly 400 m from their colony to an indoor laboratory foraging arena exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous wave microwaves at 5 power densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mW/cm/sup 2/). Foraging behavior did not differ from controls foraging within an unexposed sham arena in (1) number of round trips completed during a 3-h exposure session, (2) round trip time between the colony and the foraging arena, and (3) the length of time required to navigate the illuminated foraging arena. This study indicates that honey bees would not be adversely affected by foraging within a similar microwave field that would exist in future receiving antennae for the proposed solar power satellite energy transmission system in which power levels are expected to range from 23 mW/cm/sup 2/ at the antenna center to 1 mW/cm/sup 2/ at the edge.
Trends and variations in breast and colorectal cancer incidence from 1995 to 2011: A comparative study between Texas Cancer Registry and National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data

Few studies have examined the cancer incidence trends in the state of Texas, and no study has ever been conducted to compare the temporal trends of breast and colorectal cancer incidence in Texas with those of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) in the United States. This study aimed to conduct a parallel comparison between the Texas Cancer Registry and the National Cancer Institute’s SEER on cancer incidence from 1995 to 2011. A total of 951,899 breast and colorectal cancer patients were included. Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence was 134.74 per 100,000 in Texas and 131.78 per 100,000 in SEER in 1995–2011, whereas age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence was 50.52 per 100,000 in Texas and 49.44 per 100,000 in SEER. Breast cancer incidence increased from 1995 to 2001, decreased from 2002 to 2006, and then remained relatively stable from 2007 to 2011. For colorectal cancer, the incidence increased in 1995–1997, and then decreased continuously from 1998 to 2011 in Texas and SEER areas. Incidence rates and relative risks by age, gender and ethnicity were identical between Texas and SEER.
Eine bequeme und allgemein anwendbare Methode für Pd-katalysierte Suzuki- Kreuzkupplungen von Arylchloriden und Arylboronsäuren

Ausschlieslich mit handelsublichen Reagentien gelingt eine grose Zahl von Suzuki-Kreuzkupplungen von Arylchloriden mit Arylboronsauren in ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten [Gl. (a)]. Damit liegt eine allgemein anwendbare Losung fur eine seit langem bestehende Einschrankung dieser auserst effizienten Methode vor: die mangelhafte Reaktivitat der preiswerten und leicht erhaltlichen Arylchloride. dba = Dibenzylidenaceton.
On the complex relation between perceptual characteristics and hemispheric asymmetry.

The relation between hemispheric asymmetry and perceptual characteristics in general, and the spatial frequency content of input in particular, are discussed in reference to Peterzell's (1991) reply to a literature review by Christman (1989a). Three main points are presented: (1) there is evidence that spatial frequency, independent of the total information/energy content of input, does influence patterns of hemispheric asymmetry; (2) that information and energy represent potentially dissociable constructs that need to be considered separately; and (3) that there is recent evidence that numerous input and task characteristics, other than spatial frequency content, influence hemispheric asymmetry (e.g., spatial phase, relative spatial frequency, temporal frequency, task requirements, etc.).