cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Affective Sleeve: Wearable Materials with Haptic Action for Promoting Calmness

Although affective computing is most often associated with software intelligence, physical materials can also be programmed to promote wellbeing. Based on recent findings regarding the impact on health of interoceptive awareness and the sensation of touch, we develop the programmable Affective Sleeve, a wearable device that produces rhythmic haptic action (warmth and slight pressure along the arm) to promote calmness and reduce anxiety. Through a controlled pilot study, we demonstrate that the pace of haptic action of the sleeve can influence the participants’ breathing rate and perception of calmness. Quantitative findings indicate that faster haptic action is associated with a faster breathing rate, while qualitative self-report findings affirm a positive correlation between perceived calmness and slow pace of haptic action (equal to relaxed breathing rate), and a negative correlation between perceived calmness and fast pace of haptic action (25% faster than relaxed breathing rate).
Comparing four model-order reduction techniques, applied to lithium-ion battery-cell internal electrochemical transfer functions

Abstract Physics-based models of lithium-ion battery dynamics are developed from fundamental electrochemical principles and describe cell internal electrochemical variables in addition to terminal voltage. Real-time estimates of the values taken on by internal cell variables provided by such models might be leveraged by future battery-management systems to control fast-charging and routine use of a battery pack to maximize performance but minimize aging. These models are most naturally described as sets of coupled partial-differential equations (PDEs), and so the greatest obstacle to their adoption stems from the computational complexity involved in finding solutions to the model equations. To make a feasible physics-based model for battery management, we must construct reduced-order approximations to these PDE models. In this paper, we present four methods to find high-fidelity discrete-time state-space reduced-order models (ROMs) that approximate infinite-order transcendental transfer functions that model the PDE relationships of all electrochemical variables of interest. These four methods are compared for a single cell based on speed, memory usage, robustness, and accuracy of the predictions of the resulting reduced-order models with respect to precise numerical simulations of the PDEs. We find that all four methods produce ROMs that match the linearized PDEs closely in the frequency domain and that yield time-domain simulations that match those from the nonlinear PDEs as well, but that each xRA method has distinct features so that different applications might prefer one method versus another.
Scalable CVD synthesis of three-dimensional graphene from cast catalyst

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) graphene has become an area of great interest due to its unique properties, and different synthesis routes and structures have been reported in the literature. However, the challenges of retaining high quality, scaling up and improving economic feasibility are apparent. Here we describe 3D graphene sheet (3DGS), which is a novel, electrically conductive and porous 3D graphene material that addresses some of these challenges. Due to the combination of polymer binders and a casting technique, scale up for this material is possible. The 3DGS reported in this work can be described as a seamless and freestanding assembly with low structural defects, electrical conductivity of 14.71 S/cm and reasonable mechanical integrity. This material exhibits an average density of 21.65 ± 1.49 kg/m3 and a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 16.5 m2/g. The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) synthesis and the cast catalyst preparation method is simple and versatile in terms of tuning the material properties such as areal density and electrical conductivity. These and other properties of 3DGS enable its use in many applications, especially as binder-free, flexible electrodes and current collectors for energy storage devices and sensors.
Using a group medical visit model to promote healthy behaviour change with an underserved population.

Background Models of care are needed to address physical activity, nutrition promotion and weight loss in primary care settings, especially with underserved populations who are disproportionately affected by chronic illness. Group medical visits (GMVs) are one approach that can help overcome some of the barriers to behaviour change in underserved populations, including the amount of time required to care for these patients due to socio-economic stressors and psychosocial complexities (1). GMVs have been shown to improve care in coronary artery disease and diabetes, but more evidence is needed in underserved settings. Objective This project sought to evaluate a GMV incorporating a physical activity component in an underserved patient population, measuring biometric and motivation outcome measures. Methods This project used a pre-post intervention study design through patient surveys at baseline and 12 weeks. We included validated motivational measures along with self-reported demographic information. A GMV intervention promoting physical activity and nutrition to promote weight loss was delivered by an interdisciplinary primary care team and community partners in a Federally Qualified Health Center in Rochester, NY. The intervention consisted of six, 2-hour sessions that occurred every other week at the clinic site. Results Participants lost a significant amount of weight and maintained the weight loss at 6 months. In addition, there was a significant improvement in motivation measures. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that our GMV model can improve weight loss and autonomous motivation in an underserved population. This project has potential for scalability and sustainability.
Overall justice and supervisor conscientiousness: Implications for ethical leadership and employee self‐esteem

Research on organizational justice demonstrates its consistent effect on employee organization‐based self‐esteem. However, little research considers how organizational justice affects employee organization‐based self‐esteem and when the relationship is attenuated. In an effort to extend the research regarding this particular relationship, we draw on social cognitive theory to suggest that supervisors’ perceptions of overall organizational justice trickle down to impact employees’ organization‐based self‐esteem. Specifically, we propose that supervisory ethical leadership mediates this relationship. We also examine the moderating influence of supervisor conscientiousness on this proposed trickle‐down effect. We analyze these relationships in a multisource field study and find support for the mediating effect of supervisory ethical leadership and the proposed moderated mediation model. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Learning to Become an Inclusive Teacher

In this essay I share some personal lessons learned on becoming a more inclusive teacher, with the hope that they stimulate us to be reflexive and share our learning experiences. Inclusive teaching...
Variability of a natural hydrocarbon seep and its connection to the ocean surface.

Natural hydrocarbon seeps are ubiquitous along continental margins. Despite their significance, we lack a basic understanding of the long-term temporal variability of seep dynamics, including bubble size, rise velocity, composition, and upwelling and entrainment processes. The shortcoming makes it difficult to constrain the global estimates of oil and gas entering the marine environment. Here we report on a multi-method approach based on optical, acoustic, satellite remote sensing, and simulations, to connect the characteristics of a hydrocarbon seep in the Gulf of Mexico to its footprint on the sea surface. Using an in-situ camera, bubble dynamics at the source were measured every 6 h over 153 days and the integrated total hydrocarbon release volume was estimated as 53 m3. The vertical velocity was acoustically measured at 20 m above bed (mab) and found to be approximately 40% less than the dispersed-phase at the source, indicating that the measured values are reflecting the plume continuous-phase flow. Numerical simulations predict that the oily bubbles with diameters larger than 8 mm reach the surface with a small footprint, i.e. forming an oil slick origin, deflection of which with wind and surface current leads to the formation of an oil slick on the surface. Nineteen SAR images are used to estimate the oil seepage rate from GC600 for 2017 giving an average discharge of 14.4 cm3/s.
EU-MRV: an analysis of 2018’s Ro-Pax CO 2 data

This paper analyses the EU-MRV dataset containing CO 2 emission data from vessels calling at European harbours. The data is provided in an aggregated form for 2018 and we decided to focus on ferries. We augmented the original dataset with data from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, the IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System, and an open repository of ferry data. An analysis of various energy efficiency indicators revealed some clustering in the vessel population and the key factors were year of build, vessel length, service speed, and fuel type. Georeferencing data provided additional information on the continental patterns of the Ro-Pax emissions.
Traumatic Cerebrovascular Injuries Associated with Gunshot Wounds to the Head: A Single-Institution Ten-Year Experience

Background Cerebrovascular injury (CVI) is a potentially devastating complication of gunshot wounds to the head (GSWH), with yet unclear incidence and prognostic implications. Few studies have also attempted to define CVI risk factors and their role in patient outcomes. We aimed to describe 10 years of CVI from GSWH and characterize these injury patterns. Methods Single-institution data from 2009 to 2019 were queried to identify patients presenting with dural-penetrating GSWH. Patient records were reviewed for GSWH characteristics, CVI patterns, management, and follow-up. Results Overall, 63 of 297 patients with GSWH underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) with 44.4% showing CVI. The middle cerebral artery (22.2%), dural venous sinuses (15.9%), and internal carotid artery (14.3%) were most frequently injured. Arterial occlusion was the most prominent injury type (22.2%) followed by sinus thrombosis (15.9%). One fifth of patients underwent delayed repeat CTA, with 20.1% showing new/previously unrecognized CVI. Bihemispheric bullet tracts were associated with CVI occurrence (P = 0.001) and mortality (P = 0.034). Dissection injuries (P = 0.013), injuries to the vertebrobasilar system (P = 0.036), or the presence of ≥2 concurrent CVIs (P = 0.024) were associated with increased risk of mortality. Of patients with CVI on initial CTA, 30% died within the first 24 hours. Conclusions CVI was found in 44.4% of patients who underwent CTA. Dissection and vertebrobasilar injuries are associated with the highest mortality. CTA should be considered in any potentially survivable GSWH. Longitudinal study with consistent CTA use is necessary to determine the true prevalence of CVI and optimize the use of imaging modalities.
Interprofessional Healthcare Student Perceptions of Clinical vs. Simulation Learning Through Participation in Underserved Health Clinics

The purpose of this research project is to determine how well three health profession student discipline’s learning needs are met through a real clinical interprofessional environment compared to previous simulation experience by assessing student perceptions following participation in a student-run underserved healthcare setting. Various student-run health clinics were initiated throughout Southwest Ohio in underserved settings precepted by healthcare profession faculty. Physician assistant, pharmacy, and medical student learning needs and interprofessional perceptions were assessed following clinic participation utilizing the Clinical Learning Environment Comparison Survey (CLECS) and qualitative comment to allow objectification of students’ perceptions to different clinical learning environments and the interprofessional setting. The survey had responses from medical, pharmacy, and physician assistant students (n = 60). Overall, students preferred traditional learning environments compared to previous simulated clinical experiences (p < .01). Significance for communication, holism, and the teaching-learning dyad was demonstrated comparing the traditional clinical experience to the simulated experience (p < .05). Pharmacy students felt their critical thinking skills were more significantly improved after the simulated environment (p < .05). Males more significantly favored teaching-learning dyad simulation vs. the traditional environment (F = 5.86, p < .05). Qualitative comments regarding the interprofessional experience included themes of teamwork, patient communication, and clinical skills. When comparing a traditional clinical experience in an interprofessional student-run clinic vs. previous simulated learning clinical environment, physician assistant, pharmacy, and medical students qualitatively and quantitatively perceive their learning needs are greater met in the volunteer student-run clinic for communication, holism, and the teaching-learning dyad. There were variations in preferences based on sex and discipline of the student.
Classifying Mobile Applications Using Word Embeddings

Modern application stores enable developers to classify their apps by choosing from a set of generic categories, or genres, such as health, games, and music. These categories are typically static—n...
Managing Technological Risk

When wooing John Sculley to Apple from Pepsico, Steve Jobs asked, “John, do you want to change the world, or do you want to peddle soda water for the rest of your life?” Jobs did not ask whether Sculley wanted to forecast the future, but whether he wanted to change it. This is how today’s “entreprenerds” deal with the risky future: First, identify a new, basic technology that will spawn whole new classes of products. Second, know more about that technology than anyone else. Third, inflict the technology on the world in the form of an audaciously marketed product. Fourth, watch for follow-on, spin-off, and tie-in opportunities — and take them.
Oceanographic data for parameter estimation

Abstract Assimilation of ocean data into numerical models represents an intimate coupling of numerical ocean modeling with ocean data collection. Knowledge of climatologies, error sources and property covariances is essential and, used appropriately, represents a major step forward in being able to use inherently sparse data technologies to understand better the large scale ocean dynamics. In this chapter we will discuss several aspects of ocean data that are related to the assimilation problem. In particular, measurement techniques and their errors are discussed; assemblage of data into climatologies is described; and a form for the data covariance matrix is presented based on moored and satellite observations in the North Atlantic.
Legislating from both sides of the aisle: Information and the value of bipartisan consensus

This paper motivates bipartisanship through a formal model in which committee members are assumed to possess policy expertise. Its central findings are: 1) bipartisan support for legislation is more informative than partisan support; 2) bipartisanship is preferred when the uncertainty surrounding outcomes is large and partisan policy differences are small; 3) “minority party gatekeeping” is possible when minority party members refuse to endorse majority party proposals; and 4) legislators with extreme preferences need minority party support to pass legislation. An equilibrium selection criterion is also introduced and applied to the model to predict under what conditions the majority party will seek bipartisan support.
Survey of Shell Egg Processing Plant Sanitation Programs: Effects on Egg Contact Surfaces

Sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOPs) are an integral component of process control and are often the first step in the implementation of food safety regulations. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the efficacies of sanitation programs used in a variety of shell egg processing facilities. In-line, off-line, and mixed operations were evaluated. Sixteen direct or indirect egg contact surfaces were sampled in various shell egg processing facilities in the southeast United States. Samples were collected at the end of a processing day (POST) and again the next morning before operations began (PRE). Total aerobic plate counts (APCs) were obtained and Enterobacteriacae were enumerated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) between POST and PRE bacterial counts were found for the 16 sampling sites. In general, high APCs were found on the wall of the recirculating water tank both POST and PRE. The APCs for the rewash belt were considerably high for all plants sampled. APCs were also high for the vacuum loaders. APCs for washers and washer brushes were relatively low for most plants sampled. PRE and POST levels of plant sanitation, as determined by direct microbial plating, did not differ significantly. At this point, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about how rigid SSOPs should be for the shell egg processing industry.
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease

Patients with plasma cell dyscrasias may have other forms of renal disease than light-chain cast nephropathy. These include the closely related systemic disorders amyloidosis (AL type) and light-chain-deposit disease [1–7]. In the kidneys, although both of these conditions clinically and pathologically affect primarily glomeruli, there is important and often constant involvement of tubular basement membranes, interstitium, and arteries. On rare occasions, the intact monoclonal protein (light and heavy chains) or heavy chain alone may deposit in renal basement membranes and systemically. Consequently, these disorders, originally considered solely of abnormal light-chain pathogenesis and termed by some as light-chain-deposit diseases or nephropathies, are more correctly termed and thought of as monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases [5]. Evaluation of immunoglobulin synthesis by bone marrow cells has determined that incomplete light-chain and/or heavy-chain fragments are produced [8].
Chapter 62 A Practitioner's Approach to Estimating Intertemporal Relationships Using Longitudinal Data: Lessons from Applications in Wage Dynamics ⁎

Abstract This chapter presents a unified set of estimation methods for fitting a rich array of models describing dynamic relationships within a longitudinal data setting. The discussion surveys approaches for characterizing the micro dynamics of continuous dependent variables both over time and across individuals, focusing on two flexible sets of empirical specifications: dynamic simultaneous equations models incorporating error-components structures, and autoregressive quantile models. The chapter is motivated by the principle that, whenever possible, estimation methods should rely on routines available in familiar software packages to make them accessible to a wide range of practitioners. Conventional method-of-moments procedures offer a general apparatus for estimating parameters of panel-data specifications, though one must introduce a series of modifications to overcome challenges arising from: (1) use of unbalanced data structures, (2) weighting to account for stratified sampling inherent in survey longitudinal data, (3) incorporation of predetermined variables in estimation, and (4) computational complexities confronted when estimating large systems of equations with intricate intertemporal restrictions. To allow researchers to separate the estimation of longitudinal time-series specifications into manageable pieces, the discussion describes multi-step approaches that estimate subsets of parameters appearing in a single model component (such as the autoregressive or moving-average structure of the error process) without having to estimate all parameters of the entire model jointly. Such procedures offer a powerful set of diagnostic tools for narrowing model choices and for selecting among specifications that fit the underlying data. To illustrate all of the econometric methods outlined in this chapter, the analysis presents a set of empirical applications summarizing the dynamic properties of hourly wages for adult men using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.
Pressure-dependent vasoactive effects of histamine in the coronary circulation.

Twenty-one isolated, perfused, spontaneously rhythmic guinea pig hearts (Langendorff preparation) were used to investigate the effects of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) on the coronary vasoactive response to a continuous infusion of histamine. Heart rate (HR), coronary perfusate flow (CPF), left ventricular pressure, dp/dtmax, oxygen extraction, and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured at constant CPP of 40 (n = 9), 53 (n = 6), and 65 cm H2O (n = 6) in the absence and presence of continuous intracoronary infusion of histamine [0.9 +/- 0.2 microgram/(min X g)]. At 40 cm H2O histamine caused significant coronary vasodilation. At 65 cm H2O histamine caused significant coronary vasoconstriction. At an intermediate pressure of 53 cm H2O histamine had no effect on CPF. At all three pressures HR, left ventricular pressure, dp/dtmax, and oxygen extraction increased significantly in response to histamine. MVO2 was unchanged by histamine at 65 cm H2O (flow was reduced but extraction increased. MVO2...
Aging, nutrition and immune function

Aging is usually associated with increase in chronic disease as well as infections and associated morbidity. This is often thought to be secondary to immunosenescence. Whether this decline in immune function with aging is due to the aging process per se or is secondary to poor health, inflammation, and other life style factors particularly suboptimal nutritional status is discussed. Aging is often associated with dysregulation of immune response even among healthy elderly; some of these changes may be secondary to deficiencies of macronutrients (energy and protein) and micronutrients (notably, vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid as well as iron and zinc). Older individuals often have multiple nutrient deficiencies because of physiological, social and economic factors. Nutrient supplementation is often accompanied by an improvement in immune function particularly in those who are nutrient-deficient. The long-term benefits of multinutrient supplements to healthy elderly not at risk for nutrient deficiencies, however, are currently not well-established. Priorities for future research and methodological considerations for future studies are discussed.
Quantification of the Balance Error Scoring System with an iPad Application (P5.318)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy of objectively quantifying postural stability in a group of healthy young adults during the performance of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). BACKGROUND: The BESS is the most widely accepted method of assessing postural stability prior to and following sport concussion. Unfortunately, the BESS suffers from poor inter- and intra-rater reliability and a high minimum detectable change, limiting clinical utility. Recently, we have shown that accelerometer and gyroscope data recorded with the iPad can be used to reliably and accurately quantify postural stability. The aim of this project was to apply these methods to objectively quantify BESS performance and improve the clinical utility of balance assessment in concussion management. DESIGN/METHODS: 2854 healthy individuals (14-25 years old) completed baseline BESS testing. During BESS testing, the individual wore a belt holding the iPad at sacral level. During each 20-second trial, the iPad’s accelerometer and gyroscope recorded samples at 100Hz. Kinematic data were post-processed into center-of-gravity (COG) sway angle. The volume of a three-dimensional 95% confidence ellipsoid was the primary measure of COG sway. Test administrator error scores were also recorded according to standard BESS guidelines. RESULTS: Pearson correlation between error score and sway volume across all six BESS conditions was significant (r=0.72). Significant differences in sway volume were seen between stances within each surface and between surfaces within each stance. Error scores were not significantly different between surfaces in the double leg condition. CONCLUSIONS: Sway volume as measured by the iPad provides a continuous postural stability metric that does not suffer from floor, ceiling, and rater effects and provides a more representative assessment of BESS performance than errors. The iPad is an effective, low-cost, and portable method of balance assessment that is conducive to mass data collection and sideline assessment. Study Supported by: The Lincy Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Schindler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Linder has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Koop has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hirsch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kana has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alberts has received personal compensation for activities with Boston Scientific Corporation, Juniper Health Systems, and I1 Biometrics. Dr. Alberts has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, and the National Football League Players Association.
Ion irradiation induced defect evolution in Ni and Ni-based FCC equiatomic binary alloys

Abstract In order to explore the chemical effects on radiation response of alloys with multi-principal elements, defect evolution under Au ion irradiation was investigated in the elemental Ni, equiatomic NiCo and NiFe alloys. Single crystals were successfully grown in an optical floating zone furnace and their (100) surfaces were irradiated with 3 MeV Au ions at fluences ranging from 1 × 1013 to 5 × 1015 ions cm−2 at room temperature. The irradiation-induced defect evolution was analyzed by using ion channeling technique. Experiment shows that NiFe is more irradiation-resistant than NiCo and pure Ni at low fluences. With continuously increasing the ion fluences, damage level is eventually saturated for all materials but at different dose levels. The saturation level in pure Ni appears at relatively lower irradiation fluence than the alloys, suggesting that damage accumulation slows down in the alloys. Under high-fluence irradiations, pure Ni has wider damage ranges than the alloys, indicating that defects in pure Ni have high mobility.
Use of BiPAP® by nasal mask in the treatment of respiratory insufficiency in pediatric patients: preliminary investigation

A device for nasally applied bilevel positive airway pressure, BiPAP (Respironics Inc., Murrysville, PA), is currently being evaluated for the treatment of respiratory failure in pediatric and adult patients. This retrospective case review examines our experience with using BiPAP in the treatment of acute ventilatory deterioration in pediatric patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. All patients who presented to the intensive care unit with chronic respiratory insufficiency and ventilatory failure but without hypoxia were given a trial on BiPAP. Fifteen patients, ages 4-21 years, received such ventilatory support. Four of them had cystic fibrosis (CF) and 11 had neuromuscular disease (2, spinal muscular atrophy; 7, Duchenne muscular dystrophy; 1, spinal cord injury; and 1, myopathy of undetermined origin). Hospital days, respiratory rates, resting heart rates, arterial blood gases, serum bicarbonates, and subjective assessment by parents and or patients of dyspnea, sleep pattern, and activity tolerance were compared prior to and after initiation of BiPAP. Patients were followed from 1 day to 21 months. In 14 of 15 patients placement of an artificial airway could be avoided. Significant decreases in hospital days, respiratory rate, heart rate, serum bicarbonate, and arterial PCO2 were observed after initiation of BiPAP. Decline in dyspnea (87% with severe distress at rest prior vs. 80% comfortable at rest after BiPAP), increased activity tolerance (57% attending school after BiPAP vs. none prior to BiPAP), and improved quality of sleep (93% with comfortable sleep, no daytime somnolence vs. none with comfortable sleep and 36% with daytime somnolence prior to BiPAP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN ACID PRECIPITATION RESEARCH

Recent progress in acid precipitation research is summarized, and major experimental uncertainties are identified. Research tools that are available and those that are needed are described.
Altered gustatory development in Na+-Restricted rats is not explained by low Na+ levels in mothers' milk

Abstract Placing pregnant rats on a sodium-deficient diet (0.03% NaCl) very early in gestation and then weaning the offspring (sodium-restricted rats) to the same diet precludes development of amiloride-sensitive sodium taste transduction pathways in the offspring. However, normal amiloridesensitive sodium taste responses can be restored by permitting sodium ingestion by sodium-restricted rats. The present study tested the hypothesis that the concentration of sodium in sodium-restricted mothers' milk must be abnormally low in order to preserve altered gustatory function in the offspring. Other milk electrolyte and total protein concentrations were determined as well. Milk sodium was similar between sodium-restricted and control rat mothers at 10–13 and 16–20 days postpartum, as were levels of potassium and chloride. At 10–13 days postpartum, total protein was higher in milk from sodium-restricted mothers. Sodium-restricted mothers' milk calcium concentrations were higher versus controls at 16–20 days postpartum. These results indicate that the lack of gustatory amiloride sensitivity in sodium-restricted rats cannot be attributed to deficient dietary sodium levels during the suckling period.
Diabetic neuropathy: pathogenetic background, current and future therapies.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication in diabetes. To date, there are few efficacious therapies for this complication. Several groups of drugs have undergone clinical testing, the outcome of which has not yielded convincing benefits. Diabetic neuropathy is a dynamic chronic degenerative disorder with multiple interactive pathogenetic mechanisms complicating the design of biologically-meaningful therapies. New insights into this disorder and the fact that it differs in the two types of diabetes has drawn attention to the etiological effects of insulin/C-peptide deficiency in diabetic neuropathy. Recent data regarding regulation of the aldose reductase gene has fueled new interest in aldose reductase inhibitors. A more downstream metabolic abnormality, oxidative stress, provoked by several mechanisms has become a therapeutic target of great interest. Therefore, despite previous therapeutic failures, there is now a renewed interest and reassessment of old therapies, as well as development of to...
Decode-and-Forward Relay Selection with Imperfect CSI in Cognitive Relay Networks

In this paper we analyze the performance of opportunistic decode-and-forward relay selection under cooperative spectrum sharing where the available channel state information (CSI) is imperfect due to time variations of the channel coefficients or channel estimation errors. Due to imperfect CSI the secondary user (SU) cannot satisfy its interference threshold at the primary user (PU), and in fact the probability of exceeding this threshold is higher than 0.5. Therefore we define two power margin factors for the transmission power of the secondary source and the retransmission power of the secondary relays. Power margin factors determine the level of back-off from transmitters' peak powers. We then derive the outage probability of the SU and the probability of interference to the PU. Numerical results are presented from analysis which closely match those from simulations. It is shown that with proper selection of the power margin factors, a desired value of interference probability or a desired outage probability can be achieved.
Moral education higher‐order thinking and philosophy for children

Effective moral education requires that students actively engage in ethical inquiry, and ethical inquiry, in turn, requires that students cultivate all aspects of their thinking. The cultivation of higher‐order thinking requires that students become critical, creative and caring thinkers. The improvement of their critical thinking involves the strengthening of their logical and epistemological prowess as well as of their evaluative skills. Their creative thinking, involving discovering as well as inventing, is comprised of all inquiry processes, artistic and scientific, and includes perceptual thinking as a form of discovery. Caring thinking comprehends a wide variety of thinking types, including active thinking, affective thinking and valuative thinking. It is contended that only one discipline, philosophy, is capable of fostering the normative application of this broad spectrum of thinking modes. This is not the traditional, academic philosophy of the universities, but the narrative‐and‐discussion based...
Studies on the structure and activity of low molecular weight glycoproteins from an antarctic fish.

Abstract Two groups of low molecular weight glycoproteins were isolated from the blood serum of an antarctic fish Trematomus borchgrevinki . The complete structures, both the amino acid sequence and the configuration of the carbohydrate moieties, have been studied. The two glycoproteins are similar in structure but different in size. Solutions of these glycoproteins display a thermal hysteresis similar to that of solutions of larger glycoproteins previously isolated from the same fish.
"Public Sphere "/"Civil Society" in China?: The Third Realm between State and Society

The concepts of "bourgeois public sphere" and "civil society" as they have been applied to China presuppose a dichotomous opposition between state and society. If we adhere to such a presupposition, we run the risk of reducing the debate here to little more than an argument over whose influence was greater in the phenomena under discussion, society's or the state's. I suggest here that Habermas himself in fact proposed a more sophisticated alternative construct that can be developed into a resolution of the issues at hand. The binary opposition between state and society, I argue, is an ideal abstracted from early modern and modern Western experience that is inappropriate for China. We need to employ instead a trinary conception, with a third space in between state and society, in which both participated. This third realm, moreover, took on characteristics and institutional forms over time that need to be understood on their own terms. I discuss briefly some examples of this third realm in imperial, Republican, and contemporary China. The ideas and empirical information come from my two current projects, on civil justice and on the changing rural community, as well as from my past work on rural North China (Huang, 1985) and the Yangzi delta (Huang, 1990).
An integrated approach to detection of cracks using vibration characteristics

Abstract An integrated technique based on the vibration theory to nondestructively identify multiple discrete cracks in a structure is presented. Two damage modeling techniques, one involving the use of massless, infinitesimal springs to represent discrete cracks and the other one employing the continuum damage concept, are integrated to provide a crack-detection technique that utilizes the global vibration characteristics of a structure but offers local information on each individual crack, including location and extent of the cracks. In the spring model, the Castigliano's theorem and the perturbation technique are used to derive a theoretical relationship between the eigenfrequency changes and the location and extent of the discrete cracks. In the continuum damage model, the effective stress concept coupled with the Hamilton's principle are used to derive the similar relationship that is cast in a continuum form. A unified g(β) function emerges from the two model approaches. The g(β) function can be determined through the mode shapes of an intact structure by means of the modal strain energy density. In the proposed integrated approach, the continuum damage model can be used first to identify the discretizing elements of a structure that contain cracks. Then, the spring damage model can be used to quantify the location and severity of the discrete crack in each damaged element. An example of a simply-supported beam containing two discrete cracks is given to illustrate the application and accuracy of the proposed approach.
Giftedness as a limited episteme: A postmodern exposition

In this paper, a postmodern exposition of giftedness is offered. Given this critique, giftedness cannot be viewed to be a natural condition, but is the product of a specific language game. The use of this designation, therefore may not be helpful to identify promising students. In fact, a child may be easily symbolically violated a consequence of coming to be classified as gifted. This outcome is exactly opposite of what might be expected. After all, coming to be known as gifted is supposed to assist students to develop their full potential.
STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF FRUITING BODIES IN THE BASIDIOMYCETE LENZITES SAEPIARIA

Studies have been conducted on fruiting body formation in the wood-rotting basidiomycete Lenzites saepiaria. Basidiospores were inoculated into a liquid malt extract medium and the mycelium was harvested after 48-72hr. Washed mycelium placed on cotton pads saturated with a defined medium developed fruiting structures in about 3 weeks. A source of carbohydrate, nitrogen, and phosphorous was essential for this morphogenesis. Spores produced under these conditions were identical in appearance and physiological properties to those obtained from wild basidiocarps.
Economic determinants of family size in West Africa.

The economic theory of fertility postulates that income and prices, broadly defined, are important determinants of family size. What follows is an attempt to test this theory against the behavior of 717 predominantly urban households in Sierra Leone. Husband’s education is used as a proxy for income; the “price” of a child is accounted for by wife’s education and wife’s wage rate. Other important variables are wife’s age, a measure of child “quality,” wife’s age at first birth, and child mortality. The findings of the study tend to lend support to the economic theory of fertility but contain certain peculiarities which indicate a need for further research.
Cytokine determinants of viral tropism

The specificity of a given virus for a cell type, tissue or species - collectively known as viral tropism - is an important factor in determining the outcome of viral infection in any particular host. Owing to the increased prevalence of zoonotic infections and the threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogens, gaining a better understanding of the factors that determine viral tropism has become particularly important. In this Review, we summarize our current understanding of the central role of antiviral and pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly the interferons and tumour necrosis factor, in dictating viral tropism and how these cytokine pathways can be exploited therapeutically for cancer treatment and to better counter future threats from emerging zoonotic pathogens.
The Sauvé-Kapandji Procedure

The Sauve-Kapandji procedure is useful for treating a variety of pathologic conditions that alter the normal function of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). An arthrodesis is performed between the ulnar head and sigmoid fossa of the distal radius along with creation of a soft tissue interposition pseudarthrosis just proximal to the arthrodesis site that preserves forearm rotation. Presented herein is a brief history of the procedure and the current techniques available to achieve optimum results when it is used, along with a summary of its indications and contraindications.
Lupus nephritis: review of the literature.

Physicians in practice should be knowledgeable regarding several aspects of autoimmune disorders, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis. These disorders can present to the clinician’s clinic and private office regardless of their speciality. This review will discuss various aspects of SLE, its mechanisms of disease, role of accelerated atherosclerosis, proinflammatory cytokines, and therapeutic approaches. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in which and plasma levels have been associated with disease activity, classification of severity, and diagnosis of lupus nephritis is addressed. Current treatment options, prognosis, and future therapeutic approaches and common side effects are also discussed.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy On-Combine in Corn Grain Breeding:

Improving maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and agronomic properties are major goals for corn breeders in northern Europe. In order to facilitate field grain yield determination we measured corn grai...
Anterior capsular tears and loop fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

Abstract Two hundred fifty consecutive postmortem eyes containing posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) were analyzed according to the presence and number of radial anterior capsular tears. Over 90% of cases had been done with the ''can opener'' technique. A surprisingly high percentage of cases, 86%, had one to five radial tears. Furthermore, our analysis showed that the most consistent and most permanent in-the-bag fixation was achieved when only one tear or less was present in the anterior capsule. Because this study shows that the incidence of radial tears is very high after nuclear expression with "can opener" capsulectomy, it provides a scientific basis supporting the transition toward the continuous circular capsulorhexis technique that is slowly evolving. The latter technique has been shown to minimize the incidence of anterior capsular radial tears. This may ultimately serve to decrease the incidence of PC IOL decentration, an important goal if the use of bimultifocal IOLs and IOLs with small or aspheric optics is to be successful.
Tropical Inversions near the 0°C Level

Abstract Soundings taken from the tropical western Pacific warm pool region during TOGA COARE reveal the common occurrence of temperature and moisture perturbations near the 0°C level. The perturbations frequently are characterized by shallow layers of increased stability (or occasionally temperature inversions) and reversals or inflections in the vertical profile of specific humidity. Similar temperature and moisture inversions have been observed elsewhere in the Tropics and midlatitudes but have not received much attention. Isothermal layers are known to exist just below the melting level in stratiform rain regions; however, not all stable layers observed over the warm pool are confined to precipitation systems. The perturbation in the specific humidity profile accounts for the often-observed double-peak structure in the apparent moisture sink Q2 in tie Tropics. Stratification of the data based on relative humidity criteria indicates that the stable layers near the 0°C level generally fall into two main...
Effects of ethanol and calcium on lipid order of membranes from mice selected for genetic differences in ethanol intoxication

Abstract Fluorescent probes were used to compare the physical properties of membranes from mice selected for sensitivity (LS) and insensitivity (SS) to the hypnotic action of ethanol. Brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) from LS mice were more sensitive to the disordering action of ethanol than those from LS mice when probes were located near the membrane surface. However, the membrane core of membranes from the two lines was equally sensitive to ethanol. The genetic differences in ethanol sensitivity of the membrane surface were eliminated when fluorescence measurements were carried out in the presence of 2–3 mM CaCl 2 . Consistent with behavioral data, differential genetic sensitivity to the disordering action was not obtained with longer chain alcohols. The genetic difference in ethanol sensitivity was not detected with erythrocyte membranes or lipids extracted from SPM. These results indicate that there is a structural difference in the surface of brain membranes of LS and SS mice than may influence their sensitivity to ethanol.
Annotated program examples as first class objects in an educational digital library

This paper analyzes problems encountered by our team while creating an educational digital library of program examples. We present approaches to resolving these problems, and evaluations of the suggested approaches.
Multicycle dynamics of nonplanar strike-slip faults

[1] We perform two-dimensional dynamic models of strike-slip faults with a change in strike (a bend) over multiple earthquake cycles to examine the long-term effects of nonplanar fault geometry. A viscoelastic model (a proxy for off-fault deformation and tectonic loading) is introduced for the interseismic process to avoid pathological stress buildup around the bend. A finite element method with an elastodynamic model is used to simulate dynamic earthquake ruptures. We find that stresses near the bend differ strongly from the regional stress field and that the fault develops a relatively steady state in which the stress level and the event pattern on the fault are stable. Reduced normal stress on the dilatational side and increased normal stress on the compressive side of the bend during dynamic ruptures result in the bend serving as an initiation and/or a termination point(s) for rupture. Typical events on such a fault consist of two classes: unilateral events that rupture only the favorable segment and bilateral events that rupture the favorable segment and part of or the entire unfavorable segment. In the latter class of events, a time delay in rupture around the bend results from a high yield stress on the compressive side of the bend. Other effects of the bent fault geometry include higher displacement on the inward wall than on the outward wall, higher slip on the more favorable segment than on the less favorable segment, and a large slip velocity on the compressive side of the bend.
Spectrum of CNS disease caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria

We present a case of a patient with chronic meningoencephalitis caused by Mycobacterium abscessus. We also summarise the clinical features and outcomes of cases of CNS infection caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria that have been described in the literature. Rapidly growing mycobacteria are notorious for causing skin and soft-tissue infections after trauma or surgery, pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis, and disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. CNS infection with this organism is extremely rare. Patients usually present with subacute to chronic meningitis, neutrophilic pleocytosis, and have a history of trauma or neurosurgery. The smears are often negative for acid-fast organisms, but may show Gram-positive rods. Treatment requires a long course of two or more antibiotics that have the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and possibly of steroids as immunomodulatory agents, such as those used in tuberculous meningitis.
Measurement of the fluorescent lifetimes of Chlorella and Porphyridium in weak light

Abstract The fluorescent lifetimes of Chlorella and Porphyridium were measured by determining the emission time distribution of fluorescent photons following excitation by a flash lamp. A lifetime of 0.6 ± 0.2 nsec was determined for both species exposed to light of an average intensity less than 1 erg/sec per cm 2 . No lifetime greater than 1 nsec with a relative yield greater than 10% was found.
Minimum drag surfaces

We consider existence, uniqueness, and computation of minimum drag shapes for projectiles subjected to both Newtonian pressure drag and skin friction drag. Critical values of the drag coefficients are determined where the optimal shape changes from perfectly blunt to conical to partially blunt. The existence proof, based on duality theory, provides an efficient algorithm for computing the optimal shape.