cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Agent Deception and the Influence on Human Trust and Interaction

As robots and intelligent agents are given more complex cognitive capabilities, it is only appropriate to assume that they will be able to commit acts of deceit much more readily. And yet, not much attention has been given to investigating the effects that robot deception has on human interaction and their trust in the agent once the deception has been recognized. This paper examines how embodiment influences a person's trust of an intelligent agent that exhibits either deceptive or honest behavior that is either helpful or harmful in a financial scenario. Our results suggest that deceptive behavior decreases human trust no matter if the embodiment is physical or virtual and deceptive behavior decreases trust regardless of if the deception benefits the human. Moreover, it was found that trust levels slightly influence a person's punishment or reward strategies in addition to their desire to reuse the intelligent agent in the future. Although exposure to deception causes negative effects, the majority of participants still found deception permissible when it benefited them. Additionally, physically embodied robots were shown to mitigate the negative aftereffects of deception more than those that were virtually embodied. These results suggest that embodiment choice can have meaningful effects on the permissibility of deception conducted by intelligent agents.
An Accelerator Design Study

A highlight of the St. Croix ASI was the discussion on accelerator design introduced and led by R. R. Wilson. The topic chosen was an injector for a 10 to 20 GeV electron/positron storage ring which might be built at the Nevis Laboratory of Columbia University and subsequently transferred to Fermilab or Brookhaven for e-p colliding beam physics. The aim was not so much to design a machine as to toss around various possible schemes. Working only with blackboard, chalk, and inspiration, the schemes were evaluated partly as an exercise to illustrate the many political, financial, scientific, technological, and human elements that enter into a design study for a new accelerator, and partly because it is in this sort of brainstorming situation that new ideas often arise.
Finite‐difference time‐domain modeling of transient infrasonic wavefields excited by volcanic explosions

[1] Numerical modeling of waveform diffractions along the rim of a volcano vent shows high correlation to observed explosion signals at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. The finite difference modeling assumed a gaussian source time function and an axisymmetric geometry. A clear demonstration of the significant distortion of infrasonic wavefronts was caused by diffraction at the vent rim edge. Data collected at Karymsky in 1997 and 1998 were compared to synthetic waveforms and variations of vent geometry were determined via grid search. Karymsky exhibited a wide range of variation in infrasonic waveforms, well explained by the diffraction, and modeled as changing vent geometry. Rim diffraction of volcanic infrasound is shown to be significant and must be accounted for when interpreting source physics from acoustic observations.
Infant Care in Cooperatively Breeding Species

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews results on several species of cooperatively breeding birds and mammals. Most of the data on the likely function of and the ecological variables affecting cooperative breeding come from field studies on birds, while most of the information on the behavioral and physiological mechanisms that underlie cooperative parental care come from studies of mammals, particularly the dwarf mongoose, and marmosets and tamarins, small nonhuman primates from South America. The chapter focuses on studies on infant care by nonreproductive helpers in both mammals and birds to describe the type of help that helpers provide and to evaluate whether helpers improve the survival of the infants they helped. In cooperatively breeding birds, the significance of helpers for infant survival ranges greatly from no benefit to extreme importance. In some species, the costs of providing care appear to be greater than any benefits received either directly or through inclusive fitness. The best data for the benefits to helpers are found in threatened or endangered species with highly limited breeding sites. The behavioral and physiological mechanisms that lead to helping are examined and the effect of helping on the reproductive success of helpers is evaluated. The mechanisms leading to the reproductive inhibition of helpers are examined.
Framework for the string theory landscape

It seems likely that string theory has a landscape of vacua that includes very many metastable de Sitter spaces. However, as emphasized by Banks, Dine, and Gorbatov, no current framework exists for examining these metastable vacua in string theory. In this paper we attempt to correct this situation by introducing an eternally inflating background in which the entire collection of accelerating cosmologies is present as intermediate states. The background is a classical solution which consists of a bubble of zero cosmological constant inside de Sitter space, separated by a domain wall. At early and late times the flat space region becomes infinitely big, so an S-matrix can be defined. Quantum mechanically, the system can tunnel to an intermediate state which is pure de Sitter space. We present evidence that a string theory S-matrix makes sense in this background, and that it contains metastable de Sitter space as an intermediate state.
Rural telephone companies

Abstract In rural America the basic telecommunications infrastructure is already in place. The issue is not of building from scratch but of upgrading it. This can be done only through the active participation of more than 1200 small telcos that serve rural America. A better understanding of these companies is clouded by the fact that they have historically been lumped together in the category ‘independents’. This article attempts to go beyond the anonymity created by this simple categorization. By taking a closer look at this group it tries to capture the individual characteristics of its membership.
The Mandate Project: Institutionalizing a System of Patient Care Quality Assurance

In 1970, prior to present-day requirements for quality assurance programs, a project was undertaken to institute such a program voluntarily in ten hospitals. Five hospitals succeeded in fully implementing the program which was based on the "Bi-Cycle Process" and each documented improvements in desired patient care behaviors. Two hospitals partially implemented the process and demonstrated no significant changes in desired patient care behaviors. Two hospitals failed to provide the data upon which assessments could be made and one hospital never got beyond preliminary efforts at instituting the process. The project demonstrates that a voluntary quality assurance program is feasible and has important implications for PSROs and continuing medical education. It also provides evidence that attention to psychosocial factors is essential in the institutionalization of programs designed to produce desired changes in patient care behaviors.
Neurovascular responses to mental stress.

The effects of mental stress (MS) on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and limb blood flows have been studied independently in the arm and leg, but they have not been studied collectively. Furthermore, the cardiovascular implications of postmental stress responses have not been thoroughly addressed. The purpose of the current investigation was to comprehensively examine concurrent neural and vascular responses during and after mental stress in both limbs. In Study 1, MSNA, blood flow (plethysmography), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in both the arm and leg in 12 healthy subjects during and after MS (5 min of mental arithmetic). MS significantly increased MAP (Δ15 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.01) and HR (Δ19 ± 3 beats min−1; P < 0.01), but did not change MSNA in the arm (14 ± 3 to 16 ± 3 bursts min−1; n= 6) or leg (14 ± 2 to 15 ± 2 bursts min−1; n= 8). MS decreased forearm vascular resistance (FVR) by −27 ± 7% (P < 0.01; n= 8), while calf vascular resistance (CVR) did not change (−6 ± 5%; n= 11). FVR returned to baseline during recovery, whereas MSNA significantly increased in the arm (21 ± 3 bursts min−1; P < 0.01) and leg (19 ± 3 bursts min−1; P < 0.03). In Study 2, forearm and calf blood flows were measured in an additional 10 subjects using Doppler ultrasound. MS decreased FVR (−27 ± 10%; P < 0.02), but did not change CVR (5 ± 14%) as in Study 1. These findings demonstrate differential vascular control of the arm and leg during MS that is not associated with muscle sympathetic outflow. Additionally, the robust increase in MSNA during recovery may have acute and chronic cardiovascular implications.
A Convenient Preparation of an Orthogonally Protected Cα,Cα‐Disubstituted Amino Acid Analog of Lysine: 1‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl‐4‐((9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)amino)‐piperidine‐4‐carboxylic Acid

DMAP(4-Dimethylamino)pyridine 1-tert-Butoxycarbonylpiperidine-4-spiro-5′-(1′,3′-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydantoin 4-Amino1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid 1-tert-Butyloxycarbonyl-4-(9-fluorenylmethyloxyamino)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid 9-Fluorenylmethyl chlorformate 4-Piperidone monohydrate hydrochloride Piperidine-4-spiro-5′-hydantoin Keywords: amino acid analogs; lysine; waste disposal; potassium cyanide; disubstituted amino acids
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Since the introduction of aortic stent grafting for the treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms, thoracic endoascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has gained rapid clinical doption as a less invasive technique compared to open urgical repair. Nevertheless, open thoracic aneurysm reair remains the gold standard for thoracic aneurysm reatment but is associated with significant morbidity and ortality resulting in relatively poor long-term survival nd prolonged hospitalization.1 Compared with open re-
An all-in-one microfluidic device for parallel DNA extraction and gene analysis

We have developed a microfluidic device capable of fully integrated sample preparation and gene analysis from crude biosamples such as whole blood. Our platform takes the advantage of the silica superparamagnetic particle based solid phase extraction to develop an all-in-one scheme that performs cell lysis, DNA binding, washing, elution and the PCR in the same reaction chamber. The device also employs a unique reagent loading scheme, allowing efficient preparation of multiple reactions via a single injection channel. In addition, PCR is performed in a droplet-in-oil manner, eliminating the need for chamber sealing. The combination of these design features greatly reduces the complexity in implementing fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems for genetic detection, facilitating parallel analysis of multiple samples or genes on a single microchip. The capability of the device is demonstrated by performing DNA isolation from the human whole blood sample and analyzing the Rsf-1 gene using the TaqMan probe based gene specific PCR assays.
An analysis of race and demographic factors among motor vehicle fatalities

BACKGROUND: According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, from 1982 through 1995 safety belts are estimated to have saved 74,769 lives. Even more lives could be saved and serious injuries avoided if there was increased seat belt use in the United States. METHODS: This study analyzed safety belt use among drivers and passengers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes from 1993 through 1995. Age, sex, race, safety belt use, and position in the vehicle were the demographic factors obtained from both the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. RESULTS: Overall, safety belt use increased by an average of 1.3% per year for the entire study population. Forward logistic regression identified age, female gender, Caucasian race, and driver as significant predictors of safety belt use. CONCLUSION: This study has identified younger males, African Americans, and passengers as high-risk populations for nonuse of safety belts among fatal motor vehicle crashes. These high-risk populations should be educated regarding the importance of safety belt use.
Haemangiomas in kidneys with end-stage renal disease: a novel clinicopathological association

Aims The study of haemangiomas in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods and results Twenty ESRD nephrectomies from 16 patients (aged 9 months–68 years) were due to hypertension (four), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (four), lupus nephritis (three), diabetes (one), IgA nephropathy (one), hereditary nephritis (one), congenital nephrotic syndrome (one) and unknown cause (one). Haemangiomas appeared as a single mass (15), two masses (one), three masses (one), four masses (two) and eight masses (one) per kidney. Tumours measured 0.2–3.5 cm. Four patients had bilateral haemangiomas. All tumours were in the medulla and often abutted renal sinus fat. All except one of the tumours were anastomosing haemangiomas, showing isolated or interconnected sinusoidal capillary-sized vascular channels lined by a single layer of benign cuboidal CD34+, CD31+, D2-40− endothelial cells, separated by loose stroma with spindle cells. One tumour was a cellular capillary haemangioma. Intravascular growth was seen in nine specimens. All haemangiomas had extramedullary haematopoiesis. Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) was seen in 11 kidneys (nine patients), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in five, ACKD-associated RCC precursors in three, Wilms' tumour in one and papillary adenomas in five. Conclusions Anastomosing haemangioma appears as a distinctive clinicopathological entity developing in kidneys with ESRD, with or without ACKD.
A multiscale method for parameter estimation in reservoir simulation

We consider a multiscale approach to the problem of parameter estimation or history matching in reservoir simulation. To do this, we look at the problem upscaling as the most important component of the proposed method. For upscaling we suggest a global approach which seeks to minimize the misfit between fine scale and coarse scale simulations and then used the Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) method to deal with the minimization process. The essential idea of multiscale history matching comsists of constructing a coarsening sequence of models, so that each one of them minimizes the misfit between preditctions and observations. Then, the cosarsest model is downscaled one step into the sequence and used as an initial guess for the next step of refinement. The process is repeated until no improvement is observed in the solution. Numerical experiment indicate that this approach produces consistent results. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Role of Properdin in the Assembly of the Alternative Pathway C3 Convertases of Complement

Complement is a powerful host defense system that contributes to both innate and acquired immunity. There are three pathways of complement activation, the classical pathway, lectin pathway, and alternative pathway. Each generates a C3 convertase, a serine protease that cleaves the central complement protein, C3. Nearly all the biological consequences of complement are dependent on the resulting cleavage products. Properdin is a positive regulator of complement activation that stabilizes the alternative pathway convertases (C3bBb). Properdin is composed of multiple identical protein subunits, with each subunit carrying a separate ligand-binding site. Previous reports suggest that properdin function depends on multiple interactions between its subunits with its ligands. In this study I used surface plasmon resonance assays to examine properdin interactions with C3b and factor B. I demonstrated that properdin promotes the association of C3b with factor B and provides a focal point for the assembly of C3bBb on a surface. I also found that properdin binds to preformed alternative pathway C3 convertases. These findings support a model in which properdin, bound to a target surface via C3b, iC3b, or other ligands, can use its unoccupied C3b-binding sites as receptors for nascent C3b, bystander C3b, or pre-formed C3bB and C3bBb complexes. New C3bP and C3bBP intermediates can lead to in situ assembly of C3bBbP. The full stabilizing effect of properdin on C3bBb would be attained as properdin binds more than one ligand at a time, forming a lattice of properdin: ligand interactions bound to a surface scaffold.
Fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry of quaternary pyridinium salt-type tryptophan derivatives

Fast atom bombardment and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry were used to study the fragmentation of quaternary pyridinium salt-type amides of tryptophan (α-amino-3-indolepropionic acid) esters and their analogs which incorporate the α-nitrogen into the quaternary pyridinium structure. By cleavage directly at the pyridine nitrogen, the 1-alkyl-substituted nicotinamides decompose exclusively to a carbocation, which then becomes the intermediate to further fragments. Rearrangement of the 3-indolepropionate-2-yl carbocations may involve a five- to seven-membered ring expansion, which generates alternative fragmentation pathways; the formation of an even-electron and a radical cation, respectively. In trigonellyl amide-type tryptophan derivatives, fragmentation of the pyridinium ion proceeds on multiple pathways induced by the positive charge which may not be localized on the quaternary nitrogen, and isomerization to a dihydropyridinyl structure is probably involved. Besides the formation of protonated nicotinamide and alkene from tryptophan amides that contain methylene or ethylene units between the amino and the quaternary pyridinium nitrogens, a fragmentation route leading to the carbocation identical with that of the 1-alkyl-substituted nicotinamides has also been revealed.
Problems related to left‐handedness

(1938). Problems related to left‐handedness. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 325-332.
3H-dihydromorphine binding in brain regions of young and aged rats

Abstract Opiate receptor-ligand binding was investigated in brains of young and aged female F344 rats. A significant reduction in the density of binding sites for 3H-dihydromorphine was observed in the thalamus and midbrain of aged rats. Evidence of two binding sites was observed in the anterior cortex of young rats, whereas aged rats exhibited only a single site. The occurrence of pituitary tumors in the old female rats did not affect 3H-dihydromorphine binding. The highest density of dihydromorphine binding sites was found in the diencephalon, and the lowest density in the hippocampus. Receptor densities in the anterior cortex, striatum, amygdala, frontal poles and midbrain were intermediate, and few, if any, high affinity binding sites for dihydromorphine were found in the pons-medulla or posterior cortex.
Nature of the on-state in chalcogenide glass threshold switches

Abstract By superimposing transient voltage pulses during the On -state of a threshold switching cycle, the transient voltage-current characteristic of the on -state filament has been determined for two types of switching systems, using different froms of graphite electrodes. Both systems employed ∼ 1 μm films of Te40As35Ge7Si18 as the active material. From the data, the lifetime of free charge carriers following cessation of the on -state can be inferred. Until the free carrier decay is complete the on -state can be re-established without any switching process. As the on -current approaches the minimum holding current, the maximum permissible interruption period approaches zero. It is concluded that the decay of non-equilibrium carriers in trapping centers follows the decay of free charge carriers until complete equilibrium is restored (after 1 μmsec approximately). It is shown that the transient on -state characteristics are dependent on the electrode material. The conclusions heavily reinforce electronic interpretations of threshold switching.
A meta-analytic review of the effects of childhood abuse on medical outcomes in adulthood.

Objective: To summarize the relationship between abuse during childhood and physical health outcomes in adulthood and to examine the role of potential moderators, such as the type of health outcome assessed, gender, age, and the type of abuse. Studies using self-report assessment methods were compared with studies using objective or independently verifiable methods. Method: The current study is a quantitative meta-analysis comparing results from 78 effect sizes across 24 studies including 48,801 individuals. Results: Experiencing child abuse was associated with an increased risk of negative physical health outcomes in adulthood (effect size d = 0.42, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.39-0.45). Neurological and musculoskeletal problems yielded the largest effect sizes, followed by respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders. Effect sizes were larger when the sample was exclusively female and when the abuse was assessed via self-report rather than objective, independently verifiable methods. Conclusions: Child abuse is associated with an increased risk of poor physical health in adulthood. The magnitude of the risk is comparable to the association between child abuse and poor psychological outcomes. However, studies often fail to include a diverse group of participants, resulting in a limited ability to draw conclusions about the population of child abuse survivors as a whole. Important methodological improvements are also needed to better understand potential moderators. Language: en
Photocarcinogenicity of 8-methoxypsoralen and aflatoxin B1 with longwave ultraviolet light

Abstract The carcinogenicity of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) with longwave ultraviolet light (UVA) to hairless mouse skin was investigated. Skin tumors were induced efficiently by 8-MOP + UVA, and the time to 50% tumor incidence was about 24 weeks. Histopathologically some tumors were squamous cell carcinomas. AFB 1 did not show any phototoxic and photocarcinogenic effects on mouse skin in this study. Although the structure and the photoreactivity of AFB 1 to DNA were similar to those of 8-MOP, the photocarcinogenic response of these compounds to mouse skin was quite different.
Effects of g Jitter on Free-Surface Motion in a Cavity

Lateral g-jitter effects on free-surface deformation are studied numerically in a zero-gravity environment for liquids in an open square container. In order to allow for different contact-line conditions, a hysteresis parameter is incorporated into the SOLA-SURF finite difference scheme. The resonant frequencies of the free-surface motion are computed under various conditions. The resonant frequency is largest when the contact line is fixed and decreases as it is allowed to move. The effect of viscosity reduces the resonant frequency or damps the resonance. The motion of the free surface and the amplitude of its deformation are investigated for two types of g jitter (sinusoidal and impulsive) that are typically encountered aboard a spacecraft. It is shown that relatively large deformation occurs if the frequency of the periodic g jitter is near the resonant frequency. The impulsive g jitter excites capillary waves with the resonant frequency, but they decay with time. Based on the computation and a scaling analysis, the amplitude of the free-surface deformation is expressed in useful dimensionless form for those two types of g jitter.
JUVENILE ATTITUDES TOWARD POLICE: A NATIONAL STUDY

ABSTRACT The importance of public attitudes toward the police is illustrated by its growing coverage in the academic literature. While a fair amount is known about how adults perceive the police, much less is known about how juveniles perceive them. Using data from the 1999 Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of American Youth (12th-Grade Survey), we investigate factors that influence the formation of juvenile attitudes toward police. Using OLS, we examine the relative influence of five sets of variables—drug use and acceptance, social environment, encounters with police, victimization, and race—on juveniles’ global satisfaction with police. Our findings indicate that acceptance of drug use has the most powerful influence on juveniles’ level of satisfaction with police, followed by personal victimization, race, presence of parents, and negative encounters with police, respectively.
Research on nursing handoffs for medical and surgical settings: an integrative review.

Aims To synthesize outcomes from research on handoffs to guide future computerization of the process on medical and surgical units. Background Handoffs can create important information gaps, omissions and errors in patient care. Authors call for the computerization of handoffs; however, a synthesis of the literature is not yet available that might guide computerization. Data sources PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Scopus and a handoff database from Cohen and Hilligoss. Design Integrative literature review. Review methods This integrative review included studies from 1980–March 2011 in peer-reviewed journals. Exclusions were studies outside medical and surgical units, handoff education and nurses' perceptions. Results The search strategy yielded a total of 247 references; 81 were retrieved, read and rated for relevance and research quality. A set of 30 articles met relevance criteria. Conclusion Studies about handoff functions and rituals are saturated topics. Verbal handoffs serve important functions beyond information transfer and should be retained. Greater consideration is needed on analysing handoffs from a patient-centred perspective. Handoff methods should be highly tailored to nurses and their contextual needs. The current preference for bedside handoffs is not supported by available evidence. The specific handoff structure for all units may be less important than having a structure for contextually based handoffs. Research on pertinent information content for contextually based handoffs is an urgent need. Without it, handoff computerization is not likely to be successful. Researchers need to use more sophisticated experimental research designs, control for individual and unit differences and improve sampling frames.
Fictive capital and economies of desire: A case study of illegal diamond buying and apartheid landscapes in 19th century southern Africa

Fictive Capital and Economies of Desire: A Case Study of Illegal Diamond Buying and Apartheid Landscapes in Nineteenth-Century Southern Africa. Columbia University, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/...
Electron microscopy of critical point dried whole cultured cells.

SUMMARY To determine the overall fine structure of whole, unsectioned cells, cells from rat embryos were cultured on Formvar, glutaraldehyde/osmium-fixed, transferred to grids, dehydrated, critical point dried, then examined by transmission electron microscopy at either 80 or 1000 kV. In contrast to air-dried material, critical point dried cells revealed each component clearly and with excellent contrast. All normal cytoplasmic structures (including coated vesicles, polyribosomes, microtubules and other fine components) were readily identifiable. Extensive structures such as microtubules and the endoplasmic reticulum (which appear fragmented in sections) were well displayed. At 1000 kV the beam readily penetrated even the thick nuclear and perinuclear cell regions and produced exceptionally crisp images. The methods described provide a simplified approach to the study of overall cell fine structure.
Recent genetic discoveries implicating ion channels in human cardiovascular diseases.

The term ‘channelopathy’ refers to human genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels or their interacting proteins. Recent advances in this field have been enabled by next-generation DNA sequencing strategies such as whole exome sequencing with several intriguing and unexpected discoveries. This review highlights important discoveries implicating ion channels or ion channel modulators in cardiovascular disorders including cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility, cardiac conduction phenotypes, pulmonary and systemic hypertension. These recent discoveries further emphasize the importance of ion channels in the pathophysiology of human disease and as important druggable targets.
Humor in the Workplace: It Is More Than Telling Jokes

This article focuses on the function of humor in a small, family-owned business and presents the taxonomy of humor that was found. The various types of humor help maintain low status differentials and help alleviate workplace tension. Humor also has implications for socialization of employees and appears to help create bonds among the employees.
Archaeology and coastal conservation

People occupied and exploited the world’s coastlines deepin the past, including early modern humans in South Africasome 150,000 to 100,000 years ago (see Bailey and Milner2002; Erlandson 2001; Marean et al. 2007). Through time,coastlines and oceans became increasingly important partsof the human experience, with the ocean acting as agateway for colonization of distant islands and coastlinesand coastal resources forming a fundamental component ofsubsistence economies (Erlandson and Fitzpatrick 2006).Ancient peoples from hunter-gatherers to agriculturalistsalso had an important impact and influence on marineecosystems, ranging from overexploitation of resources(e.g., fish, shellfish, and sea mammals) to environmentalenhancement (see Campbell and Butler 2010; Erlandsonand Rick 2010; Rick and Erlandson 2008, 2009). Duringthe last decade, archaeological research on human alterationof marine, island, and other ecosystems has helped improveour understanding of modern coastal ecosystems andprovided benchmarks and baselines for contemporarymanagement and restoration (Braje 2010; Erlandson andRick 2010; Jackson et al. 2001; Pinnegar and Engelhard2008; Rick and Erlandson 2009). With recognition thatmany marine ecosystems were altered by human activitiesfor decades, centuries, or more prior to modern ecologicalstudies, archaeological data can provide the context forunderstanding prehistoric ecosystem structure and function(see Erlandson and Rick 2010).Coastal regions, which are extremely dynamic, arehighly susceptible to the destructive forces of a widevariety of natural and human-induced processes (e.g.,tectonic and geological instability, tsunamis, volcanism,attrition, wave and tidal action, sea level rise, storm events,near shore development, offshore dredging, and coral orsand mining) that threaten the global coastal archaeologicalrecord. Individually, or in concert, these processes cancause extensive damage to both terrestrial and submergedarchaeological sites; in many cases, catastrophic events maycompletely destroy evidence for past human occupation.Sea level rise, exacerbated by climate change, is aparticularly prominent threat that will erode or destroy amassive number of coastal archaeological sites in thecoming decades. Further complicating the issue is the factthat archaeological sites are non-renewable resources andthe vast majority of coastal sites around the world arethreatened and endangered pieces of coastal history(Erlandson 2008; Fitzpatrick et al. 2006).Because many countries lack sufficient laws to protectarchaeological sites, particularly in coastal areas wheredevelopment is extremely desirable, archaeologists areworking quickly to survey and record the wide array ofprehistoric settlements in these regions before they aredisturbed or destroyed. Given the volume of coastalarchaeological sites around the world, the complexities ofsite preservation, and the dearth of funding, this is often adaunting task that goes unrecognized by the non-
Segmented mirror polishing experiment.

An experiment was conducted to demonstrate the capability of polishing segmented mirrors. A mirror segment was figured with the computer controlled polisher using special software and tooling. This process rapidly reduced surface figure errors and produced a good figure to the segment’s edges.
Increasing Instruct ion-level Parallelism through Multi-way Branching

Sequential execution of conditional branches in non-numerical code limits the exploitation of instruction-level parallelism (ILP). In order to cope with this limiation, exploitation of parallelism must be extended to concurrent execution of data and branches in a single cycle.
On utilitarianism vs virtue ethics as foundations of economic choice theory

Purpose – Economic choice theory is built on utilitarian foundations. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether a foundation of virtue ethics might be more consistent with human nature.Design/methodology/approach – The paper focuses on utilitarianism vs virtue ethics as foundations of economic choice theory.Findings – Economic choice theory describes consumer choice in terms that are inconsistent with findings from recent research in behavioral economics, neuroeconomics, and psychology. The consumers' dynamic optimization problem, as outlined by traditional theory, is unsolvable in the sense that it contains too many unknowns. This means that the consumer must approach the problem in a different manner than is usually suggested by the literature. Moreover, new psychological theories of well‐being suggest that we can, to some extent, choose what we want to want and that true happiness is based on our character as much as it is based on our consumption of goods.Practical implications – The idea that h...
Polygon Dissections and Standard Young Tableaux

A simple bijection is given between dissections of a convex (n+2)-gon withddiagonals not intersecting in their interiors and standard Young tableaux of shape (d+1, d+1, 1n?1?d).
Micromixing effects in a two-impinging-jets precipitator

To carry out rapid precipitation on a practical scale, the use of a two-impinging-jets (TIJ) mixer was explored in terms of its ability to deliver rapid micromixing. The two-step Bourne reaction scheme between 1-naphthol and diazosulfanilic acid was used to characterize micromixing in the TIJ mixer as a function of hydrodynamics and mixer geometry. The characteristic time for micromixing in this device was at least as small as 65 ms. The larger the jet diameter, the higher the jet Reynolds number required to achieve the same micromixing quality. The micromixing time in the TIJ mixer correlated well as a function of a Damkohler number that led to a scale-up criterion giving an inverse relationship between the micromixing time constant and the 1.5 power of the jet velocity. Finally, the precipitation of Lovastatin was carried out in the TIJ mixer under well and poorly micromixed conditions. The level of micromixing in the precipitator affected the crystal size distribution of the precipitated product only when the time constant for micromixing was comparable to or larger than the induction time for nucleation of the solute.
Changes in Distribution of Nitrogenous Fractions of Cheddar Cheese Whey During Ultrafiltration

Abstract Whey protein concentrates (over 80% protein, dry basis) were prepared from separated, pasteurized Cheddar cheese whey with two pilot scale, tubular ultrafiltration units. Analysis of samples from unpasteurized whole milk through all processing stages to production of spray-dried whey-protein concentrate indicated no significant protein denaturation in either unit. Evidence was obtained by a method of acid precipitation for determination of whey protein nitrogen, and visual corroboration was provided by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Membranes in each unit were permeable to nonprotein nitrogen compounds, initial rejection coefficients for this fraction being .34 and .39. Approximately 10% of permeate nitrogen was precipitable in 12% trichloroacetic acid, indicating minor loss of protein and proteose-peptone fraction. Pre-ultrafiltration whey-nitrogen distribution was: undenatured whey protein, 49.0; proteose-peptone, 17.2; and nonprotein, 33.8%. After ultrafiltration to provide 87.5% protein (% nitrogen × 6.38) in retentate solids, corresponding whey-nitrogen distribution among these fractions was 82.5, 9.8, and 7.7%, respectively. There was little quantitative difference between fractionation performances of each unit.
ROLE OF PSEUDOBULBS IN GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF CATASETUM VIRIDIFLAVUM (ORCHIDACEAE).

In Catasetum viridiflavum Hook., a drought-deciduous orchid from central Panama that produces unisexual flowers, plants possess up to nine annually-produced pseudobulbs. I investigated the role of these structures in plant growth and flowering by 1) relating annual shoot size and flower production to the size and number of pseudobulbs possessed by plants, 2) experimentally severing connections between young and old pseudobulbs when plants were dormant and monitoring their subsequent vegetative growth and flowering, and 3) determining the seasonal variation in water content, total nonstructural carbohydrates, nitrogen, and phosphorus in pseudobulbs. In small plants (1 to 3 pseudobulbs) pseudobulb stores appeared important to both vegetative growth and flowering. In larger (= older) plants, pseudobulb number was not related to vegetative growth and experimental separations of young from old pseudobulbs did not affect growth. However, flower production by experimental plants was significantly reduced relative to controls. Male plants were usually smaller than female plants in the areas studied; however, experimental reductions of pseudobulb number did not affect the sex expression of plants. All measured nutritional components of pseudobulbs exhibited significant seasonal variation. Carbohydrates appeared most important for supporting growth immediately following dormancy. Nitrogen and phosphorus were less important for this role and may have been more important for determining the number of flowers produced by plants.
Binding of the glucocorticoid receptor complex to the nucleosomal core in the P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma.

Abstract Binding of the glucocorticoid receptor complex to nucleosomes has been studied using the mouse P1798 lymphosarcoma. Cells were incubated with [ 3 H]triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and nuclei prepared and digested with 3 different concentrations of micrococcal nuclease. After fractionation with EDTA and NaCl, it was observed that [ 3 H]TA bound with similar specific radioactivity to mononucleosomes containing both core and linker DNA, of 183 ± 5, and 168 ± 4 base pair lengths, respectively, as well as to core size DNA, of 148 ± 3 base pair length, suggesting that the glucocorticoid receptor bound to the core portion of the nucleosome. Steroid binding was found to be associated with regions of the nucleosome that were depleted in histone H1 and enriched in high mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2; only negligible binding was noted in nucleosomes enriched in histone H1 and depleted in HMG proteins. In addition to binding to core nucleosomes, the glucocorticoid receptor complex was also shown to bind to a fraction sedimenting at 5–6 S on sucrose gradients characterized by subnucleosome and mononucleosome size DNA, as well as by core histones. While binding of the steroid receptor complex to linker regions of the nucleosome cannot be ruled out, this data would appear to present the first concrete evidence that glucocorticoid binding, at least in the P1798 lymphosarcoma, is to core nucleosomes. Some caution in interpretation of the results is indicated, however, on 2 points: (1) receptor redistribution during nuclease digestion cannot be ruled out; (2) only the binding of a small proportion of the steroid receptor complex may be physiologically relevant.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE JANUARY EFFECT IN STOCKS AND INTEREST RATES UNDER VARYING MONETARY REGIMES

In this paper the meaning of the January effect is clarified. The early literature indicates that differing views on the existence of such an effect were based on different data sets, various time periods, and different measurement tools. A model is formulated to test the January effect hypothesis with seven assets from 1871 to 1986, including tests performed for subperiods corresponding to different monetary regimes. The hypothesis tests incorporate an unbiased estimator to avoid the biases caused by heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Findings suggest that asset return behavior differs among assets and regimes.
Thyroid, bradycardic and hypothermic effects of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid in rats.

A single ip infection of perfluoro‐n‐decanoic acid (PFDA) to male Wistar rats resulted in an initially rapid, then gradual decrease in food consumption and a parallel loss of body weight. Body temperatures and resting heart rates were significantly depressed by PFDA treatment. As early as 12 h following a single dose of PFDA, serum thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly reduced and remained depressed throughout the 8 day study. Serum triiodothyronine(T3) was reduced by 35%12h following PFDA treatment and remained at that level throughout the study. These preliminary data suggest that an action on the thyroid axis may be an early primary response to PFDA and that some of the observed subsequent effects may in part be secondary to the change in thyroid hormone levels.
Systems engineering a large chemical plant complex

Today's large multiplant complexes in the chemical industry not only produce consumer products but also the chemical intermediates necessary to their manufacture. The competitive nature of the industry demands high-quality systems engineering techniques in the design and operation of such a complex. The present extent of these techniques, the nature of the decisions to be made, and the use of computers in their solution are discussed
Volatility persistence in metal returns: A FIGARCH approach

Abstract This study examines the returns and the long-memory properties of the return volatilities of four metals – copper, gold, platinum, and silver. Daily returns for the January 4, 1999 to March 10, 2009 period are used. Three key issues are addressed: (1) whether the volatility processes exhibit long-run temporal dependence; (2) whether the returns and conditional volatility of returns are affected by the uncertainty brought about by the financial crisis in September 2008; and (3) whether the implied volatility in the equity market, as measured by VIX, plays a significant role in determining metal risk and return. The results show that VIX is important in the determination of metal returns and return volatility. The findings suggest that metal and equity returns are influenced by a common risk factor and failure to explicitly model this factor will yield less than optimal portfolio diversification. Events during the post-September 1, 2008 period contributed to increased return volatility for several of the metals. The interaction effect of VIX and a financial crisis dummy variable is also found to be significant. The results strongly suggest that VIX should be considered in any future modeling of metal returns and return volatility. FIGARCH (1,d,1) appropriately describes the volatility processes as all long-memory parameters are statistically significant.
Mononuclear and Polynuclear Chemistry of Rhenium (III): Its Pronounced Homophilicity

Extensive chemical, spectrophotometric, and x-ray structural studies have shown that trivalent rhenium is strongly homophilic—that is, it tends to form bonds to other Re111 atoms—and it forms at least three different series of [ReX4]nn- complexes. The mononuclear, square complex, [ReBr4]-, adds two water molecules to give trans-[ReBr4(H2O)2]-. The binuclear complexes [Re2Cl8]2- and [Re2Br8]2- have strong Re-Re bonds, unsupported by halide bridges. The trinuclear species, [Re3X12]3- or Re3X9L3, contain the triangular Re3X9 clusters. Use of ReCI3 appears always to lead directly to products containing Re3Cl9; this unit exists in ReCl3 itself and does not appear to be kinetically labile. The [Re2X8]2- ions are obtained by reduction of ReO4- in aqueous HCl or HBr. Salts of [ReBr4(H2O)2]- can be obtained directly from solutions of ReBr3 in HBr along with numerous other compounds, some containing trinuclear clusters.
Optical rotation and viscosity of native and denatured proteins. III. The Bence-Jones protein and human γ-globulin

Abstract Several samples of Bence-Jones protein were isolated in native state from the urine of two patients with multiple myeloma, and their denaturation was studied. Acid, alkali, guanidine hydrochloride, Aerosol OT, and n -propanol were used as denaturing agents. Denaturation was followed by means of optical rotation and viscosity measurements, and flocculation with propanol was observed. Human γ-globulin, which resembles in amino acid composition Bence-Jones proteins, was taken for comparison, and studied by the same methods. The dependence of the optical rotation and viscosity on pH for γ-globulin and some samples of Bence-Jones protein can be expressed by equal curves, though some other samples of Bence-Jones protein (from other patient) showed lower values for levorotation and higher viscosities than the former. All Bence-Jones protein samples were more sensitive toward denaturation with guanidine hydrochloride and propanol than γ-globulin. This difference can be explained as caused by a difference in the molecular size.
The bluefin in peril.

This article reports on the status of bluefin tuna and the challenges the species faces related to overfishing and a decreasing population. The popularity of bluefin tuna as food, such as sushi, has increased and there are not enough regulations in place to protect the fish from eventual extinction. The article also discusses efforts being made to protect bluefin tuna, as well as the development of captive breeding farms to domesticate them. INSET: A WORLDWIDE DEPREDATION.
An approximate solution of the flow-shop problem with sequence dependent setup times

The paper deals with anm machinen job flow-shop problem with sequence dependent setup times. To find an approximate solution of this model a related (additive) model was constructed and solved. The method proved to be successful to find good solutions for a variety of test problems form ⩽ 8 andn ⩽ 8. It guarantees optimality for the two machine case whenever the original model is additive.
CALCULATION OF FIELDS ON PLASMA IONS BY COLLECTIVE COORDINATES

The probability of finding a given electric field on an ion in a plasma is computed with the aid of the collective coordinates. All the ions are assumed to have the same charge, and the free electrons are replaced by a rigid negative smear. The Jacobian of the transformation to collective coordinates is expanded in a series of Hermite polynomials, and one of the higher terms is computed as an estimate of the error. This error calculation indicates that a lower limit in the temperature probably exists below which present methods may not be used. This lower limit depends upon the form of the short range potential that is chosen. A cutoff in space at a particle separation ofrc is employed in place of the cutoff in wave number atkc. An average short range potential as a function of temperature appears. The values of the probability are shown to be surprisingly insensitive to the value ofrc at infinite temperature and to compare well with the Holtsmark distribution.