cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal Neoplasm: 2-D Time of Flight MR Angiography with 2-D and 3-D Display

We studied 15 patients with primary bone and soft-tissue tumors using MRI and MRA. Seven patients were evaluated prior to and following chemotherapy. The data were transferred to an independent imaging workstation and 3-D reconstructions of the tumor, the surrounding vessels, and the normal bone were obtained using surface and volume rendering techniques. 2-D maximum intensity projections of MR angiograms demonstrate fine vascular detail and help to assess neovascularity. Neovascularity is reduced on follow-up scans of patients who respond favorably to chemotherapy. Neovascularity is seen to persist in non-responders. 2-D MR angiograms may be used as an adjunct imaging modality for evaluating response to chemotherapy. 3-D reconstructions of MR angiograms show the tumor and its relationship to adjacent vascular bundles. 3-D reconstructions appear particularly helpful in defining the need for a vascular graft.
Souls intact: The soul performances of Audre Lorde, Aretha Franklin, and Nina Simone

This article redefines and regenders the meaning of soul in black expressive culture. The author argues that by the late 1960s the term encodes a narrative whereby racialized struggle yields a cult...
Human-Robot Interaction: Proximity and Speed—Slowly Back Away from the Robot!

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of proximity and speed of approach on trust in human-robot interaction (HRI). The experimental design used a 2 (Speed) × 2 (Proximity) mixed factorial design and trust levels were measured by self-report on the Human Robot Trust Scale and the Trust in Automation Scale. Data analyses indicate proximity [F(2, 146) = 6.842, p < 0.01, partial ŋ2 = 0.086] and speed of approach [F(2, 146) = 2.885, p = 0.059, partial ŋ2 = 0.038] are significant factors contributing to changes in trust levels.
Up To Higher Ground

When we began our work on the New Orleans public schools nearly twenty years ago (Miron & Lauria, 1998; Lauria & Miron, 2005), it never occurred to us – nor was it a discourse in the public imagination – that we would witness such radical transformation of pubic education in the city. It was literally unthinkable. Moreover as one of us had argued earlier (Miron, 1992/2010), the near repugnant attitude of dominant political and social elites toward the public sector (city and state government) preempted the implementation of reform-minded public policies, especially when it came to the reallocation of funding that diminished the power of elected leaders such as members of the Orleans Parish School Board (OPSB).
A retrospective study of open thoracotomies versus thoracoscopic surgeries for persistent postthoracotomy pain.

Abstract Objective Persistent thoracotomy pain syndrome (PTPS) is a recognized complication and is considered to be less after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) compared with open thoracic surgery (OTS). The primary objective was to compare the incidence of PTPS at 6 months. Secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of neuropathic pain between VATS and OTS and to report perioperative factors associated with the development of PTPS. Methods This historical cohort study involved patient contact by a questionnaire regarding the presence of PTPS and its type. Patient, surgical, and analgesia factors were collected from health records, acute pain, and thoracic surgery databases. The data were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression analysis, with results reported as adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval; P value). Results Of 308 patients, 130 returned their questionnaire, and 106 responses were analyzed. The incidence of PTPS was 35% and 54% with VATS and OTS respectively, with an adjusted OR, 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.86), P = .024. The percentage of neuropathic pain was 18% and 48%, with VATS and OTS respectively, with an adjusted OR, 0.18 (0.04-0.85), P = .031. The diagnosis of cancer and previous chronic pain history were observed to be significantly associated with PTPS. Conclusions Our study indicates that PTPS is significantly more common and has a higher chance of being neuropathic with OTS. Despite being relatively less traumatic, VATS still carries a significant potential for PTPS. A diagnosis of cancer and history of previous pain are highly predictive of its development.
Induction machine transient energy loss minimization using neural networks

Reducing losses in an induction machine during transient periods is highly desirable in applications where the torque-speed operating point is continuously changing. Optimal control theory can be used to find control trajectories that minimize the cost function defining the losses. However, solving optimal control problems is generally impractical to realize in real time, especially if the underlying system dynamics are nonlinear. In this work, a feed forward neural network is trained so as to emulate the solution of the loss minimizing optimal control problem in real time. Simulation results using a 6th order model are presented comparing the performance of the proposed neural network control with that of standard field oriented control. It is found that transient energy losses are reduced.
Annealing shallow Si/SiO2 interface traps in electron-beam irradiated high-mobility metal-oxide-silicon transistors

Electron-beam (e-beam) lithography is commonly used in fabricating metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) quantum devices but creates defects at the Si/SiO2 interface. Here, we show that a forming gas anneal is effective at removing shallow defects (≤4 meV below the conduction band edge) created by an e-beam exposure by measuring the density of shallow electron traps in two sets of high-mobility MOS field-effect transistors. One set was irradiated with an electron-beam (10 keV, 40 μC/cm2) and was subsequently annealed in forming gas while the other set remained unexposed. Low temperature (335 mK) transport measurements indicate that the forming gas anneal recovers the e-beam exposed sample's peak mobility (14 000 cm2/Vs) to within a factor of two of the unexposed sample's mobility (23 000 cm2/Vs). Using electron spin resonance (ESR) to measure the density of shallow traps, we find that the two sets of devices are nearly identical, indicating the forming gas anneal is sufficient to anneal out shallow defects generated by the e-beam exposure. Fitting the two sets of devices' transport data to a percolation transition model, we extract a T = 0 percolation threshold density in quantitative agreement with our lowest temperature ESR-measured trap densities.
Different drugs for bad bugs: antivirulence strategies in the age of antibiotic resistance

Efforts to combat bacterial infections by targeting virulence factors are gaining traction, fuelled by the potential to circumvent the development of antibacterial resistance and recent landmark approvals of antivirulence drugs. Here, Otto and colleagues examine the antivirulence drugs in development, highlighting the most promising targets and strategies, as well as caveats to using this approach. The rapid evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens are outpacing the development of new antibiotics, but antivirulence agents provide an alternative. These agents can circumvent antibiotic resistance by disarming pathogens of virulence factors that facilitate human disease while leaving bacterial growth pathways — the target of traditional antibiotics — intact. Either as stand-alone medications or together with antibiotics, these drugs are intended to treat bacterial infections in a largely pathogen-specific manner. Notably, development of antivirulence drugs requires an in-depth understanding of the roles that diverse virulence factors have in disease processes. In this Review, we outline the theory behind antivirulence strategies and provide examples of bacterial features that can be targeted by antivirulence approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the recent successes and failures of this paradigm, and new developments that are in the pipeline.
Jeffrey Offutt and Jita Printing: Getting to Yes

Jeffrey Offutt had overcome many hardships and personal difficulties to better himself and build his own graphic-design and corporate-printing business: Jita Printing. Just as it seemed his efforts had begun to pay off in the form of steady work and a loyal clientele, Offutt was hit with two problems. First, designing and printing marketing materials for a small local theater had started as a quick, small undertaking for deeply discounted prices, but had turned into a drawn-out job with multiple design stages. Second, a hardcover book design for a flower shop, involved an entirely new business venture for Jita, and Offutt was having a difficult time coming up with a quote that was both competitive and profitable. How should Offutt deal with these two problems? This case is used in entrepreneurship electives at Darden, but would also fit well in a small business strategy course for non-MBA audiences. Excerpt UVA-ENT-0195 Rev. Feb. 27, 2020 Jeffrey Offutt and Jita Printing: Getting to Yes Introduction The sun had long set on the small Houston office that housed Jita Printing (Jita), a graphic design and corporate printing business, by the time Jeffrey Offutt sat down to his computer. A familiar pang of anxiety gripped him as he pulled up his email. Offutt had put off responding to two of his newer clients all day, and he knew they expected answers by the morning. It was July 2011, a mere two years after Offutt had started Jita with his wife out of their home, and the company now had its own office, an industrial printer, and a loyal client base. Offutt had built Jita from the ground up; he delivered every printing job personally, sometimes adding a handwritten thank-you note. Building and maintaining strong, personal client relationships were, in part, what set Jita above its competitors. Offutt had spent much of the week contemplating his responses to both clients and had yet to come up with the right decisions for his company. Both jobs were proving to be more complex than Offutt had anticipated. The first, designing and printing marketing materials for the Performing Arts Theater, was supposed to be a quick, small undertaking, but had turned into a drawn-out job with multiple design stages. The second, a hardcover book design for Bloom, a local flower shop, was a step outside the usual operations at Jita, and Offutt was having a difficult time coming up with a suitable quote. Offutt stared at the blinking cursor in his blank email document, knowing that his responses would affect the future of Jita's revenues and daily operations. He began to think back on how he ended up at this juncture. . . .
In Pursuit of the Common Good: The Spillover Effects of Charter Schools on Public School Students in New York City

A particularly controversial topic in current education policy is the expansion of the charter school sector. This paper analyzes the spillover effects of charter schools on traditional public scho...
Age- and strain-related aberrant Ca2+ release is associated with sudden cardiac death in the ACTC E99K mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Mice with the actin Glu99Lys hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation (ACTC E99K) are prone to sudden cardiac death around 40 days, associated with increased Ca2+ transients, spark mass, and fibrosis. ...
Mapping Solvation Environments in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks with Infrared Chemical Imaging.

We report here the first mesoscale characterization of solvent environments in the metal–organic framework (MOF) Cu3(BTC)2 using infrared imaging. Two characteristic populations of the MOF structures corresponding to the carboxylate binding to the Cu(II) (metal) ions were observed, which reflect a regular solvated MOF structure with axial solvents in the binuclear copper paddlewheel and an unsolvated defect mode that lacks axial solvent coordination. Infrared imaging also shows strong correlation between solvent localization and the spatial distribution of the solvated population within the MOF. This is a vital result as any remnant solvent molecules adsorbed inside of MOFs can render them less effective. We propose fast IR imaging as a potential characterization technique that can measure adsorbate and defect distributions in MOFs.
Intensive care unit admission after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is primarily determined by hospital factors, adds significant cost, and is often unnecessary

Abstract Background A large proportion of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) patients are routinely admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for postoperative observation. In this study, we aimed to describe the factors associated with ICU admission after EVAR and to compare the outcomes and costs associated with ICU vs non-ICU observation. Methods All patients undergoing elective infrarenal EVAR in the Premier database (2009-2015) were included. Patients were stratified as ICU vs non-ICU admission according to location on postoperative day 0. Both patient-level (sociodemographics, comorbidities) and hospital-level (teaching status, hospital size, geographic location) factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with ICU vs non-ICU admission. Overall outcomes and hospital costs were compared between groups. Results Overall, 8359 patients underwent elective EVAR during the study period, including 4791 (57.3%) ICU and 3568 (42.7%) non-ICU admissions. Patients admitted to ICU were more frequently nonwhite and had more comorbidities, including congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and hypertension, than non-ICU patients (all, P P P P P = .42) and in-hospital mortality (0.4% vs 0.4%; P = .81) were similar between groups. After adjusting for patient and hospital factors as well as for postoperative adverse events, ICU admission after EVAR cost $1475 (95% confidence interval, $768-2183) more than non-ICU admission ( P Conclusions Among patients undergoing elective EVAR, postoperative ICU admission is more closely associated with hospital practice patterns than with individual patient risk. Routine ICU admission after EVAR adds significant cost without reducing failure to rescue or in-hospital mortality.
Early Recognition and Treatment Heralds Optimal Outcomes: the Benefits of Combined Rheumatology–Dermatology Clinics and Integrative Care of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients

Diagnosis and treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can be challenging and require a multidisciplinary approach. This review provides an overview of combined dermatology–rheumatology clinics. Combined dermatology–rheumatology clinics have emerged to optimize integrated care for patients with psoriasis and PsA. There are over 20 such clinics across the USA. These clinics facilitate multidisciplinary care for patients with psoriasis and PsA and have been found to improve outcomes and enhance both patient and physician satisfaction and knowledge. Challenges presented by these clinics include appropriate scheduling for both dermatologists and rheumatologists and proving the benefits of the clinics to obtain institutional support. Combined dermatology–rheumatology clinics are a novel model of care for patients with psoriasis and PsA. They improve outcomes, patient and physician satisfaction, and efficiency. As more of these clinics are established, we must further understand their impact on outcomes and care processes.
Individual Differences in Learning Exemplars Versus Abstracting Rules: Associations with Exam Performance in College Science

Students may do well answering exam questions that are similar to examples presented in class. Yet, some of these students perform poorly on exam questions that require applying instructed concepts to a new problem whereas others fare better on such questions. Our hypothesis is that these performance differences reflect, in part, individual differences in learners’ tendencies to focus on acquiring the particular exemplars and responses associated with the training exemplars (exemplar learners) versus attempting to abstract underlying regularities reflected in particular exemplars (abstraction learners). Using a web-based learning task developed in previous laboratory research, we differentiated students on this dimension, and then tracked their final exam performances in introductory chemistry courses. Abstraction learners demonstrated advantages over exemplar learners for transfer questions but not for retention questions. The results converge on the idea that individual differences displayed in how learners acquire and represent concepts persist from laboratory concept learning to learning complex concepts in science courses.
The effect of cold stress on damping-off of soybean caused by Pythium sylvaticum.

To improve our understanding of the timing of cold stress and its effect on Pythium damping-off, we performed a factorial experiment with two cold stress temperatures (4 and 10°C); exposure to 96 h of cold stress at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after planting; and inoculation with Pythium sylvaticum-infested millet or control. Increased susceptibility to damping-off resulting in reduced emergence was found in inoculated plants when the cold stress period began 2 or 4 days after planting. In the noninoculated controls, no effect of cold stress on emergence was observed. Slower seedling growth was observed during the cold stress period and in inoculated plants after exposure to cold stress. Seed exudation, mycelial growth, and sporangia germination of P. sylvaticum was evaluated at 4, 10, and 18°C. The greatest seed exudation was observed at 4°C. Low temperatures delayed mycelial growth of P. sylvaticum, although the pathogen was still able to grow at 4°C. Sporangia incubated for 3 h at 18°C in the presence of seed exudates had higher germination in comparison with sporangia incubated at 10 or 4°C. Moreover, more sporangia germinated in response to seed exudates that were previously collected from seed imbibed for 24 h at low temperatures (4°C). These results suggest that cold stress 2 to 4 days after planting increases soybean susceptibility to damping-off, presumably because of increased seed exudation and delayed seedling growth.
Neither Pistols nor Sugar-Plumbs: The Rhetoric of Finance and the 1720 Bubbles

The first two decades of the eighteenth century saw the rapid growth of financial markets in Paris and London, growth due in large part to the appeal of newly available financial instruments. This essay examines that appeal in rhetorical terms and argues for the importance of conceiving finance rhetorically.
An Acoustic Vortex Particle Concentrator

In this paper, we report on a novel ‘particle capturing’ MEMS device for microfluid sample collection. When the resonance modes of the center-anchored surface micromachined polysilicon disk actuator inside the fluid channel are excited, time averaged acoustic force generates pressure gradients along the disk periphery. These pressure gradients are used to obtain fluid vortices by optimum design of poly-disk Substrate gap and channel height. The vortices trap particles traveling in the Channel due to pressure driven flow. In many ways this vortex capture device is biomimetic — it is like the single-celled organism called Vorticella, which collects food by inducing local vortices [1]. This particle concentrator paradigm gives us the tight control of the particle capture location so that we can integrate optical or acoustic sensors to measure the change in captured particle density over time.
The carotenoid and provitamin A content of the watermelon

10 years ago lycopene, C40H56, and carotene, C40H56, were isolated from the pulp of the European watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris, Schrad. = Cucumis citrullus, L.) by Zechmeister and Tuzson (l), and it was shown that the chief pigment, lycopene, is responsible for the red color. As the chromatographic method was not available at that time, no precise information as to the composition of the pigment was obtained. In some new experiments described below we have carried out a quantitative analysis of the components and have estimated the provitamin A content of the California watermelon. 1 kilo of the pulp examined contained 1.0 mg. of a complicated xanthophyll mixture, 6.1 mg. of lycopene, 0.06 mg. of γ-carotene, 0.16 mg. of unknown carotenoids (located in the column between γ- and β-carotene), 0.46 mg. of β-carotene, 0.01 mg. of α-carotene. The figures include the fractions of lycopene, and γ- and β-carotene which underwent isomerization during the experimental procedure (2). The calorimetric value of the total extract of 1 kilo of pulp corresponded to 7 to 8 mg. of “lycopene”; some samples were, however, considerably richer in pigment. Our material, picked in California in September, contained, according to the above figures, 0.5 mg. of provitamin A in 1 kilo of pulp, or about one-fifth to one-sixth of the daily β-carotene requirement of an adult person. It is interesting to note that a considerable number of yellow and pink unidentified oxygen-containing carotenoids were found in minute quantities; i.e., to the extent of about 0.01 mg. per kilo of pulp. Even with the use of chromatography 1000 or more kilos of melon would be needed for a satisfactory study of these pigments. One of them is spectroscopically identical with torulene, detected by Lederer in red yeast (3).
Something from Nothing

I want to talk to you about your work, the writing teache’s work. For the time it takes to read this I want to close the door on curriculum, The common syllabus, Outcomes and assessment, Strategies for effective peer review, Grading policies, and the calendar, And evoke instead something else, The something and the nothing Out of which learning in the writing classroom takes place, An else that often feels like making sculpture from smoke.
The Gas/Phonon Interface: Desorption and other Phenomena

The phenomenon of desorption has fired the imaginations of scientists for decades, leading them, at times, to the very frontiers of knowledge. For example, the first splitting of the atom — J. J. Thomson’s discovery of the electron in 1896 — was accomplished when he realized he could improve the vacuum in his cathode ray tubes by baking them before they were sealed. Thomson’s insight may have been the first important application of thermal desorption kinetics, a subject we shall explore in some detail. On a more prosaic level, any scientist who has spent lonely and frustrating hours waiting for an experimental system to reach high vacuum was most likely contending with the kinetics of desorption.
Transient Response of Electron Transport in GaAs Using the Monte Carlo Method

Publisher Summary Two methods are used to study transient transport phenomena: one is the ensemble Monte Carlo method and the other is a “quantum kinetic approach” that uses a displaced Maxwellian to describe the instantaneous distribution of carriers. There are significant differences between these two approaches. A Monte Carlo simulation can easily include nonparabolic bands and any scattering mechanism for which a scattering rate can be formulated. Monte Carlo method is used to study transient response of electrons in GaAs to a step electric field. Monte Carlo transport calculation consists of modeling the motion of an electron as a sequence of free flights interrupted by collisions. Between collisions, the electron obeys classical laws of motion determined from the band structure for the material. The duration of a free flight, the kind of scattering process, and the change in momentum produced by a scattering are determined using numbers produced by a pseudorandom number generator.
Object Business Modelling, requirements and approach

In order to exploit the advantages of object technology in large industrial Information System environments, additional enterprise orientation and user involvement are essential. Only the combination of business modelling and object-oriented design in an integrated fashion can leverage the promise of reuse and flexibility at the business level. ‘Object Business Modelling’ is a tool supported approach that addresses this need. Its goals are to tailor modelling to the needs of domain specialists and end-users and to hide many of the complexitites of system design through application and workflow generation. The requirements to the meta-model underlying this approach are described, as well as the tool requirements for graphical manipulation of the model.
Descriptive and Inferential Problems of Induction: Toward a Common Framework

Abstract There are many accounts of how humans make inductive inferences. Two broad classes of accounts are characterized as “theory based” or “similarity based.” This distinction has organized a substantial amount of empirical work in the field, but the exact dimensions of contrast between the accounts are not always clear. Recently, both accounts have used concepts from formal statistics and theories of statistical learning to characterize human inductive inference. We extend these links to provide a unified perspective on induction based on the relation between descriptive and inferential statistics. Most work in Psychology has focused on descriptive problems: Which patterns do people notice or represent in experience? We suggest that it is solutions to the inferential problem of generalizing or applying those patterns that reveals the more fundamental distinction between accounts of human induction. Specifically, similarity-based accounts imply that people make transductive inferences, while theory-based accounts imply that people make evidential inferences. In characterizing claims about descriptive and inferential components of induction, we highlight points of agreement and disagreement between alternative accounts. Adopting the common framework of statistical inference also motivates a set of empirical hypotheses about inductive inference and its development across age and experience. The common perspective of statistical inference reframes debates between theory-based and similarity-based accounts: These are not conflicting theoretical perspectives, but rather different predictions about empirical results.
Personality Correlates of Substance Abuse

Substance abuse, as the title of this volume indicates, has multiple causes, including biological, psychological, and environmental variables that interact with one another to determine whether a given individual will actually come to abuse an addictive substance. However, as the title of this chapter suggests, the personality characteristics that covary with substance abuse may or may not act as causative factors. Furthermore, personality characteristics may be antecedents, concomitants, or consequences of substance abuse.
A Posteriori Estimators for the FEM: Analysis of the Robustness of the Estimators for the Poisson Equation

This paper is a summary of our study on estimators for the error in the finite element solution given in [4,5,7,9,10]. We will persent the analysis of estimators for finite element solutions of the Poisson equation in the interior of meshes of triangles with straight edges, as well as the analysis at the boundary.
Nash and Correlated Equilibria for Pursuit-Evasion Games Under Lack of Common Knowledge

The majority of work in pursuit-evasion games assumes perfectly rational players who are omnipotent and have complete knowledge of the environment and the capabilities of other agents and, consequently, are correct in their assumption of the game that is played. This is rarely the case in practice. More often than not, the players have different knowledge about the environment either because of sensing limitations or because of prior experience. In this paper, we wish to relax this assumption and consider pursuit-evasion games in a stochastic setting, where the players involved in the game have different perspectives regarding the transition probabilities that govern the world dynamics. We show the existence of a (Nash) equilibrium in this setting and discuss the computational aspects obtaining such an equilibrium. We also investigate a relaxation of this problem employing the notion of correlated equilibria. Finally, we demonstrate the approach using a grid-world example with two players in the presence of obstacles.
High-Resolution Radioluminescence Microscopy Image Reconstruction via Ionization Track Analysis

Radioluminescence microscopy (RLM) is a newly developed paradigm for visualizing radiotracer uptake in live cells. High-resolution images are obtained by capturing the scintillation of individual beta particles emitted from cells using a low-light microscope and processing the resulting frames to estimate the location of the corresponding decay events. We have developed a novel reconstruction method that enhances the quality of RLM images in many aspects, including spatial resolution and sensitivity, with no hardware modifications. The proposed method requires minimal user interaction leading to more accurate and reproducible results. The major improvements include automated segmentation of the ionization tracks with no user input required and enhanced ionization sourcepoint localization. These operations are designed to robustly handle image artifacts and a wide variety of ionization track shapes to guarantee high performance across datasets collected under varying conditions. Implementation of this method on real and synthetic datasets is shown to provide cell reconstructions with 14% higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 18% better spatial resolution, and 20% higher track segmentation sensitivity compared to the currently used algorithm. The performance measures are consistent for various datasets confirming the method’s reliability.
Online documentation portals in library technical services: Shedding light on local practices and procedures

The creation, sharing, and maintenance of documentation are critical to support the often detailed and complex work of library technical services units. This column examines documentation portals that share technical services policies and procedures, with a focus on library-based portals that are accessible to personnel within the associated libraries while also being fully or partially open to external users. A review of the literature is provided, as well as links to and descriptions of selected portal examples.
Disordered quantum transport in quantum anomalous Hall insulator-superconductor junctions

In this work we numerically studied disordered quantum transport in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator-superconductor junction based on the effective edge model approach. In particular, we focus on the parameter regime with the mean-free path due to elastic scattering much smaller than the sample size and superconductor coherence length, and discuss disordered transport behavior in the presence of different numbers of chiral edge modes, as well as nonchiral metallic modes. Our numerical results demonstrate that the presence of multiple chiral edge modes or nonchiral metallic modes will lead to a strong Andreev conversion, giving rise to half-electron half-hole transmission through the junction structure, in sharp contrast to the suppression of Andreev conversion in the single chiral edge mode case. Our results suggest the importance of additional transport modes in the quantum anomalous Hall insulator-superconductor junction and will guide future transport measurements.
Development of a Strategic Roadmap Framework for Nonprofit Organizations: Literature Review

Today's small-to-medium nonprofit organizations (SMNOs) are focused on their immediate mission and due to limited resources and capability rarely address long-term strategic planning. A strategic roadmap (SRM) can provide the basis for a long-term strategy for such organizations. The roadmap can also be designed to operationalize the policies and procedures spanning multiple time periods, typically in years. As an initial step in the development of the roadmap framework, a literature review was performed to address: trends and priorities, gaps in research, applied methodologies, and future research requirements of organizations that address societal needs. This review analyzes three primary themes of interest: nonprofit market trends, nonprofit operations management, and roadmapping methodologies. It covers multiple perspectives, including social, technical, economic, environmental, and political (STEEP).
DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN THE HAMSTER AND HUMAN RENAL ADENOCARCINOMA

ABSTRACT. Dehydrogenase isozymes (G6PD, M.E., LDH, MDH) were examined in extracts from estrogen dependent hamster renal adenocarcinoma, uterus, and whole embryo as well as in human renal cell cancer. Four isozymes of G6PD were demonstrated in the hamster renal tumor extracts compared to two in the untreated and estrogen-treated kidney. G6PD profiles similar to the renal tumor were observed in supernates of estrogen-stimulated uterus and whole embryo. The activity of the fastest migrating G6PD isozyme (G6PD-1) in the uterus is estrogen responsive. Two isozymes of M.E. were found in the hamster renal tumor, uterus, and whole embryo. Moderate to large shifts to the muscle type LDH isozymes (LDH-4, LDH-5) were observed in these tissues but no changes in MDH were noted. These data suggest that the hamster renal tumor may represent a reversion to a more embryonic state as well as a conversion to an estrogen-sensitive tissue like the uterus. Comparisons between renal cell cancer and adjacent normal cortex indicate the presence of an additional G6PD isozyme in the human tumor, a decrease in activity of the slowest migrating isozyme of M.E. (M.E.-4), and a concomitant increase in the most rapidly migrating isozyme (M.E.-1). Biochemical heterogeneity was observed in extracts from different areas of the same renal tumor despite apparent histological uniformity. Nevertheless, the overall pattern in the various tumor extracts was generally consistent with the extracts of renal tumors from other patients. The activities of the A 4 type LDH isozymes were substantially elevated in most renal cancers examined while a general decrease in MDH activity was found. These data suggest the possibility of distinguishing between the human clear cell and granular cell carcinoma. Alterations in the regulatory enzymes of lipogenesis may account in part for the high lipid content in both the hamster and human renal tumors.
The Food Safety Modernization Act of 2011: Final Rule for Preventive Controls for Human Food

This 7-page fact sheet is one in a series covering the different rules promulgated under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), which was signed into law on January 4, 2011. It is intended to provide an overview of the final Preventive Controls for Human Food (PCHF) rule. Written by Jessica A. Lepper, Soohyoun Ahn, Keith R. Schneider, Michelle D. Danyluk, and Renee Goodrich-Schneider and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs301
Chapter 11 – Basic Finance

The eleventh chapter on finance covers basic financing including sinking funds and amortization, various savings situations, and comparison shopping (credit versus cash, leasing versus purchasing, and renting versus owning). This chapter also covers effective rates and uses them to compare CD versus credit, as well as comparisons of credit cards. There is also a section on personal finance (how to create a monthly budget), insurance (what every homeowner should know), and your credit report.
Reasons for not receiving the HPV vaccine among eligible adults: Lack of knowledge and of provider recommendations contribute more than safety and insurance concerns.

BACKGROUND The upward trends of vaccine exemptions in Texas are alarming. While HPV vaccine rates in this State are among the lowest nationwide, factors that contribute to the low HPV vaccination uptake among adults remain unknown. In this study, we examined the main reasons for not receiving HPV vaccination among age-eligible adults. METHODS The Texas health screening survey (2018), a multistage area probability design-based survey of a representative sample of Texas residents, was used to identify 907 eligible adults (age ≥ 18 years) respondents, including 724 women aged ≤ 26 years in 2007 (≤38 years in 2018), and 183 men aged ≤ 21 years in 2011 (≤28 years in 2018). Participants who reported having never received an HPV shot, where asked the main reason for not receiving the vaccine. RESULTS Overall, 58.5% (95%CI: 55.1-62.0) of vaccine eligible adults reported having never received the HPV vaccine. The most commonly reported reasons for not receiving it were: did not know about the vaccine (18.5% (14.9-22.1)), and provider did not recommend (14.1% (10.9-17.4)). In contrast, commonly perceived reasons such as: safety concerns (7.2% (4.8-9.5)), lack of insurance (3.4% (1.7-5.1), and concerns about increasing sexual activity if vaccinated (0.2% (0.0-0.5)), were less frequently reported. CONCLUSION Among vaccine-eligible adults, safety and sexuality concerns do not appear to be the prime factors underlying low HPV vaccination rates. Rather than emphasizing them, educational interventions should aim at improving vaccine's knowledge, and enhancing provider recommendations on the necessity of HPV vaccination.
Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone through water

Ring opening polymerization (ROP) is commonly used to synthesize biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL). These reactions typically demand anhydrous reagents and inert atmosphere, only attainable through the use of complex setups including glove boxes and Schlenk lines. Because of these practical limitations, ROP is typically inaccessible to the non-expert. Herein, we have developed two techniques for limited ROP of e-caprolactone (CL) without previous drying of reagents by simply conducting the reaction in a laboratory oven. In the first method, a vacuum oven was used to evaporate water from a traditional ROP reaction with stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) as the catalyst. In the second method, we ‘polymerize through’ water using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) to simultaneously quench residual water and catalyze ROP. Using these two methods, we achieved variable chain length (degree of polymerization (DP) 25–500) and molecular weight distribution (Đ = 1.3–1.5) of PCL. We found that ROP with TTIP works better for higher molecular weights up to DP 500 than Sn(Oct)2 under vacuum. Moreover, we investigated the living nature of ROP with TTIP where a block copolymer of PCL-PLA was achieved.
Differential in vitro pathogenicity of Photorhabdus bacterial species against two distinct insect cell lines.

Abstract Understanding the mode of action of pathogenic bacteria through in vitro studies can provide additional insight into their infection strategies. Here we have characterized the effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Photorhabdus asymbiotica on two distinct insect cell lines. We report that insect cell survival and metabolism as well as bacterial proliferation differ between infection with two Photorhabdus species. These findings reinforce the notion that P. luminescens and P. asymbiotica deploy diverse tactics to infect insect cells. This knowledge might lead to better appreciation of the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and different types of insect cells.
Impact of Obeticholic acid Exposure on Decompensation and Mortality in Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Cirrhosis.

Obeticholic acid (OCA) is approved for the treatment of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) who are partial responders or intolerant to ursodeoxycholic acid. Reports of serious liver injury have raised concerns about its safety in cirrhosis. We investigated the effects of treatment with OCA on hepatic decompensation and liver-related mortality or transplantation in a cohort with compensated PBC cirrhosis. This was a retrospective cohort study using national data of US veterans with PBC and cirrhosis. We performed a propensity score model using variables associated with OCA prescription to control for baseline risk of decompensation. New OCA users were matched to nonusers. We identified 509 subjects with compensated PBC cirrhosis. We developed a propensity score model using variables associated with OCA prescription; 21 OCA users were matched with 84 nonusers. Over 569 and 3,847 person-months, respectively, of follow-up, 5 (23.8%) OCA users and 22 (26.2%) OCA nonusers decompensated. The C-statistic of the propensity score model was 0.87. On multivariable analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, OCA use was associated with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-11.57; P = 0.01). There was no association between OCA use and liver-related mortality or transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-5.21; P = 0.66). Conclusion: OCA use was associated with an increase in hepatic decompensation but not liver-related mortality or transplantation in patients with compensated PBC cirrhosis. Additional studies are recommended to prospectively investigate these findings.
Nanopore sensing: A physical-chemical approach.

Abstract Protein nanopores have emerged as an important class of sensors for the understanding of biophysical processes, such as molecular transport across membranes, and for the detection and characterization of biopolymers. Here, we trace the development of these sensors from the Coulter counter and squid axon studies to the modern applications including exquisite detection of small volume changes and molecular reactions at the single molecule (or reactant) scale. This review focuses on the chemistry of biological pores, and how that influences the physical chemistry of molecular detection.
Loving and liking

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effective communication of liking and loving, in situations ranging from initial encounters to long-term relationships. Liking and loving play a central role in the day-to-day lives of every person who has or desires a close relationship with another person. Liking for another person begins in initial interactions and develops somewhat mysteriously over time, through repeated interactions. One of the most important means of communicating liking to a potential friend or romantic partner is through the process of self-disclosure, or revealing information about oneself to another. One of the clearest ways of communicating romantic interest without words is through touch. Touch is a powerful communication tool, used to send messages of warmth, intimacy, sexual arousal, and status differences. One can scarcely imagine a developing romantic relationship in which touch does not serve a communicative function. Touching one's partner seems to be important in all phases of a developing romantic relationship.
Radiation Transfer and Interaction of Convection with Radiation Heat Transfer

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some general background information needed to analyze the heat transfer in radiating media, and reviews some specific convection–radiation interaction problems. The chapter introduces the basic concepts as well as the formulation of radiation transfer in radiating media and the derivation of the fundamental conservation equations. Some methods of averaging the equation of transfer for the one-dimensional slab problem are considered, and the approximations of the radiation flux applicable to the limiting cases of optically thin and thick media, are also discussed. The chapter deals with the problem of the prediction of the radiation field from the macroscopic equations which are written in terms of the averaged volumetric absorption and scattering coefficients. This radiation transfer approach is a powerful tool of analysis and is used extensively in many areas of applied physics. The chapter also discusses the boundary layer flow of an absorbing and emitting gas, and the heat transfer of a radiating fluid in channels.
Photoluminescence Study of GaN

Photoluminescence study of undoped, doped GaN grown on (00.1), (11.0), (01.2)Αl 2 O 3 (100), (111)Si, and (00.1)6H—SiC substrates have been conducted. Strong bandedge emissions from all undoped samples and dopant-related emissions from doped samples were observed. Deep-level yellow emissioii centered around 2.2 eV was not observed from undoped GaN grown on 6H-SiC substrate, undoped GaN with optimum Ga source flow and doped GaN. The experiment data strongly suggest that Ga vacancies are the origin this deep-level emission. PACS numbers: 71.55.Eq, 68.55.-a, 78.66.-w
Evaluation of Data and Request Distribution Policies in Clustered Servers

The popularity of the WWW has prompted the design of scalable clustered servers. Data and request distribution policies greatly impact performance in such servers. In this paper, request response time is used as a measure in evaluating these policies. Our results indicate that policies favoring locality seem to perform better than policies favoring load balance. We propose and evaluate a dynamic client-based request distribution policy.
Cyclic polysilanes : IX. Anion-radicals of substituted permethylcyclopolysilanes

Abstract Several substituted permethylcyclopolysilanes were reduced to anion-radicals and studied by ESR spectroscopy. Compounds investigated were Si5Me9X (X = hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl, phenyldimethylsilyl), Si6Me11X (X = hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl) and 1,1-(Me3Si)2Si5Me8. All of the compounds form anion-radicals in which the unpaired electron appears to be delocalized over the polysilane ring, except for Si6Me11Ph⨪ (and possibly Si6Me11CH2Ph⨪), where the odd electron is located mainly in the aromatic ring. The six-membered ring cyclosilane anion-radicals are all unstable decomposing in most cases to Si5Me10⨪, whereas Si5Me9SiMe2R⨪ (R = methyl or phenyl) decompose to Si5Me9H⨪.
Late antigen recognition at the memory checkpoint is necessary for CD4+ T cell memory formation. (IRC9P.708)

During the contraction phase of an influenza immune response, the majority of responding T cells undergo Bim-driven apoptosis leaving a small, heterogeneous population of T cells that will survive to form memory. The regulation of this process is poorly understood. Recently, our lab defined a “memory checkpoint” during which highly differentiated effector CD4+ T cells require autocrine IL-2 immediately preceding contraction to become memory. To determine whether antigen recognition is required for IL-2 production during the memory checkpoint, we developed an adoptive transfer model to modulate antigen. Donor CD4+ effectors transferred to hosts without antigen underwent immediate cell death and failed to form memory, suggesting that antigen recognition is indeed the key event at this checkpoint. The ex vivo evaluation of CD4+ effector cells at the memory checkpoint revealed that both co-stimulation and IL-2 signaling contribute to survival. TCR stimulation during the memory checkpoint resulted in higher sustained expression of memory markers CD127 and CXCR3. The survival to memory is mediated in part by a sustained reduction in Bim expression, as the requirement for late antigen interactions was eliminated in Bim heterozygous CD4+ T cells. These findings demonstrate that effectors generated by influenza must recognize antigen at the memory checkpoint to become memory.
The critical complex in nucleation is not the nucleus

A theory of nucleation is presented which combines features of classical nucleation. In this theory, the nucleus is a cluster of finite size with a sharp interface and spinodal decomposition, in which a fluctuation in density or composition generates the critical complex and nucleus. Thus, the nucleus is a product of nucleation. Schematic models for the classical and the proposed routes to nucleation are compared, focusing on the relation between pressure and volume in the models. In the proposed model, the critical complex, or critical state, is between the parent state and the nucleus.