cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isospin mixing of 2 + states in N 14

I have investigated the possibility that the near vanishing of the proton strength of the 9.17-MeV state in $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ could be due to isospin mixing. If the two levels involved are at 9.17 and 8.98 MeV, the mixing intensity is 0.41(9) with a $T$-mixing matrix element of 94(10) keV. Some consequences of such mixing are examined.
Error estimates for Gauss-Jacobi quadrature formula and Padé approximants of Stieltjes series /

Error estimates for gauss-jacobi quadrature formula and pade approximantsof stieltjes series، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Similar Performance of Trabectome and Ahmed Glaucoma Devices in a Propensity Score-matched Comparison.

Purpose: To apply propensity score matching to Ahmed glaucoma drainage implants (AGI) to trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT). Recent data suggest that AIT can produce results similar to AGI traditionally reserved for more severe glaucoma. Methods: AGI and AIT patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. The primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), glaucoma medications, and a Glaucoma Index (GI) score. GI reflected glaucoma severity based on visual field, the number of preoperative medications, and preoperative IOP. Score matching used a genetic algorithm consisting of age, sex, type of glaucoma, concurrent phacoemulsification, baseline number of medications, and baseline IOP. Patients without a close match were excluded. Results: Of 152 patients, 34 AIT patients were matched to 32 AGI patients. Baseline characteristics including ethnicity, IOP, the number of medications, glaucoma type, the degree of visual field loss and GI were not significantly different between AIT and AGI. AIT had a preoperative IOP of 23.6±8.1 mm Hg compared with 26.5+10.6 mm Hg for AGI. At 12 months, the mean IOP was 15.0±9 mm Hg for AIT versus 15.0±4 mm Hg for AGI (P=0.8), whereas the number of drops was 2.3±2.2 for AIT versus 3.6±1.3 for AGI (P=0.016). Only 6 AIT patients (17.6%) required further surgery within the first 12 months versus 9 (28%) for AGI. Success, defined as IOP<21 mm Hg, <20% reduction and no reoperation, was achieved in 76% of AIT versus 69% of AGI (P=0.48). Complications occurred in 13% of AGI and 0.8% of AIT. Conclusions: A propensity score-matched comparison of AIT and AGI showed an equivalent IOP reduction through 1 year. Surprisingly, the AGI group required more glaucoma medications than the AIT group at 6 and 12 months.
Fish-Associated Foodborne Disease Outbreaks: United States, 1998-2015.

Abstract Each year in the United States, ∼260,000 people get sick from contaminated fish. Fish is also the most commonly implicated food category in outbreaks. We reviewed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System for outbreaks resulting from consumption of fish during the period 1998–2015. We found 857 outbreaks associated with fish, resulting in 4815 illnesses, 359 hospitalizations, and 4 deaths. The median number of illnesses per outbreak was three (range: 2–425). The annual number of fish-associated outbreaks declined from an average of 62 per year during the period 1998–2006 to 34 per year during the period 2007–2015. Hawaii (221 outbreaks [26%]) and Florida (203 [24%]) reported the most outbreaks. Among 637 outbreaks (74%) with a confirmed etiology, scombrotoxin (349 [55%]) and ciguatoxin (227 [36%]) were by far most common. Most outbreak-associated illnesses were caused by scombrotoxin (1299 [34%]), Salmonella (978 [26%]), and ciguatoxin (894 [23%...
On the Synchronization of Oscillators

Abstract There are many applications in which it is necessary to synchronize a pair of oscillators, i.e., to control the amplitude of oscillation and the phase of one oscillator relative to the other. In this work, a nonlinear transformation is introduced in which the state variables are directly related to the quantities to be controlled, Furthermore, an efficient control structure is devised based on the new st.ate variables which are slowly varying. Two examples illustrating the application of this method to problems arising in the control of gyroscopes are presented.
Case 3: Increased Snoring in a 7-year-old Boy.

1. Senthil Velan Bhoopalan, MD, PhD* 2. Samrat Das, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV A 7-year-old boy with a medical history of cerebral palsy presents with throat pain of 1 week's duration associated with dysphagia to solids and liquids. He denies any history of fever, joint pain, rashes, or abdominal pain. His illness started approximately 2 months earlier, when he was hospitalized at another institution for difficulty breathing and increased snoring. He was treated with corticosteroids for his airway edema and was discharged with a bilevel positive airway pressure device for possible obstructive sleep apnea, although no sleep study or visualization of airway was performed. One week before this visit, he started complaining of a sore throat and increasing difficulty breathing, for which his pediatrician started him on amoxicillin for presumed streptococcal pharyngitis. Because his symptoms worsened, he was referred to an otorhinolaryngologist, who identified an oropharyngeal mass by nasal endoscopy. He is hospitalized for further evaluation and management. On hospital admission, his vital signs are stable. He is breathing at a rate of 14 breaths/min, without any distress. He is at the 10th percentile for height (45 in [115 cm]) and the second percentile for weight (40 lb [18 kg]). Examination shows a diffuse, nonfluctuant, firm swelling, approximately 1.5 × 2 cm, over the upper one-third of the …
Numerical generation of vector potentials from specified magnetic fields

Abstract Many codes have been developed to study highly relativistic, magnetized flows around and inside compact objects. Depending on the adopted formalism, some of these codes evolve the vector potential A, and others evolve the magnetic field B = ∇ × A directly. Given that these codes possess unique strengths, sometimes it is desirable to start a simulation using a code that evolves B and complete it using a code that evolves A. Thus transferring the data from one code to another would require an inverse curl algorithm. This paper describes two new inverse curl techniques in the context of Cartesian numerical grids: a cell-by-cell method, which scales approximately linearly with the numerical grid, and a global linear algebra approach, which has worse scaling properties but is generally more robust (e.g., in the context of a magnetic field possessing some nonzero divergence). We demonstrate these algorithms successfully generate smooth vector potential configurations in challenging special and general relativistic contexts.
Synthetic Strategies for the Synthesis of Ternary Uranium(IV) and Thorium(IV) Fluorides.

A series of new U(IV) and Th(IV) fluorides, Na7U6F31 (1), NaUF5 (2), NaU2F9 (3), KTh2F9 (4), NaTh2F9 (5), (H3O)Th3F13 (6), and (H3O)U3F13 (7), was obtained using hydrothermal and low-temperature flux methods. Mild hydrothermal reactions with uranyl acetate as a precursor yielded 1, 7, and the monoclinic polymorph of NaU2F9, whereas direct reactions between UF4 and NaF led to the formation of 2 and orthorhombic NaU2F9 (3). This highlights an unexpected difference in reaction products when different starting uranium sources are used. All seven compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and their structures are compared on the basis of cation topology, revealing a close topological resemblance between fluorides on the basis of the layers observed in NaUF5(H2O). Phase-pure samples of 1, 2, and both polymorphs of NaU2F9 were obtained, and their spectroscopic and magnetic properties were measured. The UV–vis data are dominated by the presence of U4+ cations and agree well with the electro...
Multilateral Roads to Regionalism

Regionalism has returned. The ‘old regionalism’ initiatives of the 1950s and 1960s eventually petered out (except, of course, in Western Europe). But since the late 1980s a ‘new regionalism’ has run rampant, with dozens of new initiatives coming on the scene. As a result, well over a hundred regional arrangements, involving most nations, now exist.
Hippocampal Network Oscillations Rescue Memory Consolidation Deficits Caused by Sleep Loss

Oscillations in the hippocampal network during sleep are proposed to play a role in memory storage by patterning neuronal ensemble activity. Here we show that following single-trial fear learning, sleep deprivation (which impairs memory consolidation) disrupts coherent firing rhythms in hippocampal area CA1. State-targeted optogenetic inhibition of CA1 parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons during postlearning NREM sleep, but not REM sleep or wake, disrupts contextual fear memory (CFM) consolidation in a manner similar to sleep deprivation. NREM-targeted inhibition disrupts CA1 network oscillations which predict successful memory storage. Rhythmic optogenetic activation of PV+ interneurons following learning generates CA1 oscillations with coherent principal neuron firing. This patterning of CA1 activity rescues CFM consolidation in sleep-deprived mice. Critically, behavioral and optogenetic manipulations that disrupt CFM also disrupt learning-induced stabilization of CA1 ensembles' communication patterns in the hours following learning. Conversely, manipulations that promote CFM also promote long-term stability of CA1 communication patterns. We conclude that sleep promotes memory consolidation by generating coherent rhythms of CA1 network activity, which provide consistent communication patterns within neuronal ensembles. Most importantly, we show that this rhythmic patterning of activity is sufficient to promote long-term memory storage in the absence of sleep.
Developmental patterns of psychopathic personality traits and the influence of social factors among a sample of serious juvenile offenders

Abstract Little is known about the development of psychopathic traits and the factors impacting its trajectory. Using a Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LCGM) approach with Multiple-Group Multiple-Cohort (MGMC) method to account for the cohort sequential design of the data, trajectories of the Grandiose-Manipulative (GM), the Callous-Unemotional (CU), and the Impulsive-Irresponsible (II) dimensions as measured by the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI; Andershed et al., 2002) were examined from ages 14.5–25 among a sample of serious juvenile offenders (n = 1354). It was also examined if several social risk factors (i.e., demographic characteristics, delinquent peer association, neighborhood disorder, parenting, parental criminality, and violence exposure) accounted for baseline levels (intercept) and change (slope) of each of the dimensions of psychopathic traits. While all three dimensions of the YPI declined from adolescence to young adulthood, the GM and II dimensions leveled-off sooner than the CU dimension. Delinquent peer association and parental warmth were most consistently associated with initial levels of all three dimensions; however, witnessing violence was associated with change in the GM dimension only. Delinquent peer association and parental warmth were associated with change in the CU dimension. None of the factors predicted change in the II dimension.
A Pilot Study of a Teen Dating Violence Prevention Program With Karen Refugees.

While teen dating violence (TDV) prevention programs generally report changes in participants’ attitudes and mixed findings about changes in behavior, little is known about the impact of TDV progra...
Deep learning–based stress prediction for bottom-up SLA 3D printing process

Additive manufacturing (AM) allows fabrication of complex geometric parts that are difficult to fabricate using a traditional subtractive manufacturing process. Stereolithography (SLA) printing is an AM technique that prints the 3D part from liquid resin based on the principle of photopolymerization. Part deformation and failure during the separation process are the key bottlenecks in printing high-quality parts using bottom-up SLA printing. Cohesive zone models have been successfully used to model the separation process in the bottom-up SLA printing process. However, the finite element (FE) simulation of the separation process is prohibitively computationally expensive and thus cannot be used for online monitoring of the SLA printing process. This paper outlines a deep learning (DL)–based framework to predict the stress distribution on the cured layer of the bottom-up SLA process–based printed part in real time. The framework consists of (1) a new 3D model database that captures a variety of geometric features that can be found in real 3D parts and (2) FE simulation on the 3D models present in the database that is used to create inputs and corresponding labels (outputs) to train the DL network. Two different types of DL networks were trained to predict the stress on the test dataset. Results further show that this framework drastically reduces computational time in comparison with FE simulations.
Exploring the Combined Effects of Rater Misfit and Differential Rater Functioning in Performance Assessments

Rater effects, or raters’ tendencies to assign ratings to performances that are different from the ratings that the performances warranted, are well documented in rater-mediated assessments across ...
Abstract P6-21-03: Phase I trial of intratumoral (IT) administration of a NIS-expressing derivative manufactured from a genetically engineered strain of measles virus (MV)

Background: The live attenuated non-pathogenic Edmonston MV vaccine strain has advantages as an oncolytic platform given its tumor specificity, potent bystander effect, and ability to be engineered and retargeted. MV-NIS expresses the human thyroidal sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and is selectively oncolytic, entering tumor cells through CD46 (overexpressed on many cancers, including breast cancer of all subtypes) and Nectin-4. NIS expression in MV-NIS infected cells permits noninvasive monitoring of virus spread by SPECT-CT imaging of Tc-99m pertechnetate or I-123 uptake. Methods: NCT01846091 is a standard 3+3 phase I trial of a single IT administration of MV-NIS in pts with recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) or metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Primary objectives are (a) safety and tolerability and (b) maximally tolerated single dose. The secondary clinical objective is to preliminarily assess antitumor efficacy at and away from the MV injection site. Key eligibility criteria were: absence of standard therapy with life prolonging intent; at least one lesion >1 cm amenable to percutaneous injection; and no impending visceral crisis. MV-NIS was administered on D1 with mandatory SPECT-CT at baseline (BL) and on D3D repeat SPECT-CT on D15D mandatory tumor biopsies on D3D optional tumor biopsies on D8D assessments for viremia and viral shedding at BL and on D3,D8,D15,D21; and standard imaging for restaging at BL,D21,W6,W12. Results: Accrual completed with 12 evaluable pts (6 SCCHN and 6 MBC) at 3 dose levels (10 8 , 3x10 8 , 10 9 TCID 50 ). The MBC group included 5 HR+/HER2- pts and 1 pt with mixed HR+/HER2- and HR+/HER2+ disease. 5 pts had evidence of disease progression prior to study participation. No dose limiting toxicities were observed among the MBC pts; AEs possibly related to MV-NIS in this group were gr2 fatigue, gr1 flu-like illness, gr2 lymphopenia (all n=1). No SCCHN responses were observed. Best response for the MBC pts was: stable disease (SD) >6 wks, n=4; clinical response, n=1; progression, n=1. One MBC pt with SD for 12 wks had positive SPECT/CT imaging at and away from the injection site on D3D she received additional doses at W9W 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-21-03.
Numerical investigation of heat transfer from a plane surface due to turbulent annular swirling jet impingement

Abstract The heat transfer characteristic of an annular turbulent swirling jet impingement on a heated plane surface is investigated numerically. The annular jet configuration causes instabilities and fluctuations in the flow. Depending on the combinations of different parameters, the annular jet impingement may have positive or negative effects on the heat transfer from the impingement surface. Swirl, on the other hand, introduces vorticity and fluid mixing in an impinging jet, which is desirable in some applications. The axisymmetric two-dimensional flow domain on a radial-axial plane is considered in the numerical model. Both non-swirling and swirling jet impingement is studied. The numerical computations are performed using the ANSYS Fluent CFD code. The Realizable k-e turbulence model with enhanced wall treatment is used in the computation. The computational process is validated against other published data on similar flow configuration for non-swirling annular impinging jets. The flow and geometric parameters are the jet exit Reynolds number, Re (5000 to 25,000), the swirl strength Sw (0–0.77), the jet exit to the impingement surface distance, H (0.5–4.0), and the moderate blockage ratio of the annular jet, BR (0.4–0.6). The thermal-hydraulic field in the domain is computed for various combinations of these parameters. The effects of these parameters on the Nusselt number distribution on the impingement surface are analyzed. For short separation distance (H = 0.5), the swirling motion positively affects the overall heat transfer, and the average Nu is increased as high as 8% for certain combinations of Re, Sw, and BR; compared to the non-swirling annular jet impingement. For higher separation distances, the average and peak Nusselt number is initially reduced and then increased with increasing swirl strength.
Argonaute binding within 3'-untranslated regions poorly predicts gene repression.

Despite two decades of study, the full scope of RNAi in mammalian cells has remained obscure. Here we combine: (i) Knockout of argonaute (AGO) variants; (ii) RNA sequencing analysis of gene expression changes and (iii) Enhanced Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (eCLIP-seq) using anti-AGO2 antibody to identify potential microRNA (miRNA) binding sites. We find that knocking out AGO1, AGO2 and AGO3 together are necessary to achieve full impact on steady state levels of mRNA. eCLIP-seq located AGO2 protein associations within 3'-untranslated regions. The standard mechanism of miRNA action would suggest that these associations should repress gene expression. Contrary to this expectation, associations between AGO and RNA are poorly correlated with gene repression in wild-type versus knockout cells. Many clusters are associated with increased steady state levels of mRNA in wild-type versus knock out cells, including the strongest cluster within the MYC 3'-UTR. Our results suggest that assumptions about miRNA action should be re-examined.
Relating initial paraquat injury to final efficacy in selected weed species influenced by environmental conditions

Weed control of paraquat can be erratic and may be attributable to differing species sensitivity and/or environmental factors for which minor guidance is available on commercial labels. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to quantify selectivity of paraquat across select weed species and the influence of environmental factors. Experiments were performed under controlled conditions in the greenhouse and growth chamber. Compared with purple deadnettle (dose necessary to reduce shoot biomass by 50% = 39 g ai ha−1), waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, giant ragweed, and horseweed were 4.9, 3.3, 1.9, and 1.3 times more sensitive to paraquat, respectively. The injury progression rate over 3 d after treatment (DAT) was a more accurate predictor of final efficacy at 14 DAT than the lag phase until symptoms first appeared. For example, at the 17.5 g ha−1 dose, the injury rate of waterhemp and Palmer amaranth was, on average, 3.6 times greater than that of horseweed and purple deadnettle. The influence of various environmental factors on paraquat efficacy was weed specific. Applications made at sunrise improved control of purple deadnettle over applications at solar noon or sunset. Lower light intensities (200 or 600 μmol m−2 s−1) surrounding the time of application improved control of waterhemp and horseweed more than 1,000 μmol m−2 s−1. Day/night temperatures of 27/16 C improved horseweed and purple deadnettle control compared with day/night temperatures of 18/13 C. Though control was positively associated with injury rates in the application time of day and temperature experiments, a negative relationship was observed for waterhemp in the light-intensity experiment. Thus, although there are conditions that enhance paraquat efficacy, the specific target species must also be considered. These results advocate paraquat dose recommendations, currently based on weed height, be expanded to address sensitivity differences among weeds. Moreover, these findings contrast with paraquat labels stating temperatures of 13 C or lower do not reduce paraquat efficacy.
Structure of the largest subgraphs of Gn,p with a given matching number

Abstract This paper examines the structure of the largest subgraphs of the Erdős–Renyi random graph, G n , p , with a given matching number. This extends a result of Erdős and Gallai who, in 1959, gave a classification of the structures of the largest subgraphs of K n with a given matching number. We show that their result extends to G n , p with high probability when p ≥ 8 ln n n or p ≪ 1 n , but that it does not extend (again with high probability) when 4 ln ( 2 e ) n p ln n 3 n .
Divide and Prosper: Consumers’ Reactions to Partitioned Prices:

Many firms divide a product's price into two mandatory parts, such as the base price of a mail-order shirt and the surcharge for shipping and handling, rather than charging a combined, all-inclusiv...
High Bandwidth Large Core Multimode Fibre with High Connector Tolerance for Short Distance Communications

We propose a large core multimode fibre for short distance communications. We demonstrated 24 GHz·km peak modal bandwidth in the 850 nm window, connector offset tolerance up to $10\ \mu m$ , and 25G error-free multimode VCSEL transmission over 500 m of such fibre.
CCSNet: A deep learning modeling suite for CO2 storage

Abstract Numerical simulation is an essential tool for many applications involving subsurface flow and transport, yet often suffers from computational challenges due to the multi-physics nature, highly non-linear governing equations, inherent parameter uncertainties, and the need for high spatial resolutions to capture multi-scale heterogeneity. We developed CCSNet, a deep-learning modeling suite that can act as an alternative to conventional numerical simulators for carbon capture and storage (CCS) problems well-represented by a 2D radial grid, for example, injection into an infinite acting saline formation with no or very small dip. CCSNet consists of a sequence of deep learning models producing all the outputs that a numerical simulator typically provides, including saturation distributions, pressure buildup, dry-out, fluid densities, mass balance, solubility trapping, and sweep efficiency. The results are 10 3 to 10 4 times faster than conventional numerical simulators. As an application of CCSNet illustrating the value of its high computational efficiency, we developed rigorous estimation techniques for the sweep efficiency and solubility trapping.
Origin of micrometer-scale propagation lengths of heat-carrying acoustic excitations in amorphous silicon

The heat-carrying acoustic excitations of amorphous silicon are of interest because their mean free paths may approach micron scales at room temperature. Despite extensive investigation, the origin of the weak acoustic scattering in the heat-carrying frequencies remains a topic of debate. Here, we report measurements of the thermal conductivity mean free path accumulation function in amorphous silicon thin films from 60 to 315 K using transient grating spectroscopy. With additional picosecond acoustics measurements and considering the power-law frequency dependence of scattering mechanisms in glasses, we reconstruct the mean free paths from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--3$ THz. The mean free paths are independent of temperature and exhibit a Rayleigh scattering trend over most of this frequency range. The observed trend is inconsistent with the predictions of numerical studies based on normal mode analysis but agrees with diverse measurements on other glasses. The micron-scale MFPs in amorphous Si arise from the absence of anharmonic or thermally activated relaxation damping in the sub-THz frequencies, leading to heat-carrying acoustic excitations with room-temperature MFPs comparable to those of other glasses at cryogenic temperatures.
An Intelligent Approach to Reverse Engineer CAN Messages in Automotive Systems

Most of the advanced features in today’s automobiles are performed by Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and an intra-vehicle communication network that allows these ECUs to exchange data. The most dominant intra-vehicle communication protocol is the Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol. The broadcast nature of CAN and the ability to access it through multiple interfaces in a vehicle, introduce an array of attack vectors that make vehicles vulnerable to cyber threats. CAN messages are proprietary to manufacturers, and their IDs and contents are guarded closely for intellectual property and security reasons. In this paper, an Automated Current-Based Fuzzing System (ACFS) is introduced. ACFS is a lightweight reverse engineering system that identifies CAN messages related to a specific user-vehicle interaction. It monitors and synchronizes variations in the data of CAN messages with current readings drawn from the vehicle’s battery. Then, it passes the current signal through frequency analysis and filtering stage and associate changes in the output signal with the CAN bus traffic. As a result, a small group of candidate messages, related to a specific user-vehicle interaction, e.g., turning headlights on, are identified. The candidate messages are then played back on the vehicle CAN bus to identify the correct and desired message ID and data. This process allows the user to control specific actions in the vehicle without deep knowledge of its internal setup and functionality, simply by accessing the CAN bus. The ACFS system was tested on a 2017 production prototype BreadBoard Vehicle (BBV) and was able to automatically extract many of the messages that control headlights, turn signals, and information cluster.
Store-operated calcium entry: mechanisms and modulation

Store-operated calcium entry is a central mechanism in cellular calcium signalling and in maintaining cellular calcium balance. This review traces the history of research on store-operated calcium entry, the discovery of STIM and ORAI as central players in calcium entry, and the role of STIM and ORAI in biology and human disease. It describes current knowledge of the basic mechanism of STIM-ORAI signalling and of the varied mechanisms by which STIM-ORAI signalling can be modulated.
Purity analysis: an abstract interpretation formulation

Salcianu and Rinard present a compositional purity analysis that computes a summary for every procedure describing its side-effects. In this paper, we formalize a generalization of this analysis as an abstract interpretation, present several optimizations and an empirical evaluation showing the value of these optimizations. The Salcianu-Rinard analysis makes use of abstract heap graphs, similar to various heap analyses and computes a shape graph at every program point of an analyzed procedure. The key to our formalization is to view the shape graphs of the analysis as an abstract state transformer rather than as a set of abstract states: the concretization of a shape graph is a function that maps a concrete state to a set of concrete states. The abstract interpretation formulation leads to a better understanding of the algorithm. More importantly, it makes it easier to change and extend the basic algorithm, while guaranteeing correctness, as illustrated by our optimizations.
Research issues in nonpoint pollution control

Research on nonpoint pollution control instruments has focused primarily on incentives applied either to production inputs that affect nonpoint pollution, or to ambient pollution concentrations. Both approaches may in theory yield an efficient solution. However, input-based incentives will generally have to be second-best to make implementation practical. Design issues include which inputs to monitor and the rates to apply to them. The limited research indicates that second-best, input-based incentives can be effective in adjusting input use in environmentally desirable ways. Alternatively, ambient-based incentives have theoretical appeal because efficient policy design appears to be less complex than for input-based incentives. These incentives have no track record nor close analogues that demonstrate potential effectiveness, however. Research on how households and firms might react in response to ambient-based incentives is needed before these instruments can be seriously considered.
Numerical modelling study of the effects of suspended aquaculture farms on tidal stream energy generation

Recent endeavours have focused on the possibility of developing multi-use marine areas that integrate open-ocean aquaculture in conjunction with marine renewable energy device deployment. Advantages of performing mariculture activities within offshore tidal stream farms are manifold, including increased spatial efficiency, shared infrastructures and reduced labour costs due to linkage of individual activities of both industries. This work investigates the combined impacts of a suspended installation hosting aquaculture developments and potential energy-production capacity of tidal stream devices installed beneath the aquaculture farm. Numerical modelling studies of the impacts of the suspended aquaculture farms on energy production are conducted. The study adopts an amended version of an existing three-dimensional hydro-environmental model to describe the effects of aquaculture structures. The effects of suspended mariculture canopies are simulated using a laboratory validated, vertically varying drag coefficient profile within the canopy, along with a two-equation turbulence closure scheme, which includes additional turbulent production and dissipation terms. The quantifiable energy production capacity of the tidal stream devices with and without the suspended canopy is considered. In particular, the research investigates the optimum density and distribution of suspended shellfish cultivation that ensures viable growth and economic production of the shellfish while increasing production capacity of the tidal energy farms. Results demonstrate that there is potential to optimize energy generation by combining turbine arrays with suspended aquaculture farms.
New byte error correcting codes with simple decoding for reliable cache design

Most cache designs support single or double bit-level error detection and correction in cache lines. However, a single error may distort a whole byte or even more, resulting in much higher decoding complexity than that of bit-level distortions. Thereby this paper proposes a new group testing based error correcting code (GTB code) for byte-level error locating and correcting which provides much stronger protection for memories. This new class of non-binary GTB codes is generated from binary superimposed codes. Since it is encoded and decoded by binary matrices, no complicated Galois Field computations in GF(Q) such as multiplications and inversions are involved. Comparing with popular non-binary error correcting codes (ECC) such as Hamming, Reed-Solomon and interleaved codes, the GTB codes achieves up to 42% reduction of the decoding complexity (hardware cost × latency) for single-byte error correction, and up to 98% reduction for double-byte error correction. Moreover, given the length of codewords (e.g. 512 bits for cache lines), as the size of each Q-ary digit (byte) increases, the saving increases.
Purification and Properties of the Colicin E3 Receptor of Escherichia coli

Abstract Colicin E3 receptor activity was extracted from the envelope fraction of colicin-sensitive Escherichia coli cells with Triton X-100 and EDTA, and was purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purified receptor fraction retained full receptor activity against both colicin E2 and E3, but it had little activity towards colicin E1 and almost no colicin K receptor activity. A protein with a molecular weight of about 60,000 was detected in purified fractions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. During the final stages of purification this protein was enriched in proportion to the specific activity of the colicin receptor. When excess colicin E3 was added to the purified receptor fraction and then precipitated with rabbit anticolicin, this 60,000 molecular weight protein was co-precipitated with the colicin, whereas other contaminating protein was only partially precipitated. In order to further confirm the relationship between this protein and colicin receptor activity, a culture of a colicin-sensitive strain was labeled with 3H-amino acids and mixed with a culture of a colicin-resistant mutant strain labeled with 14C-amino acids. When the purified receptor fraction obtained from this mixed culture was analyzed by gel electrophoresis, it was observed that the 60,000 molecular weight protein was labeled only with 3H, indicating that this protein is missing or altered in the colicin-resistant mutant. It was estimated that there are 220 copies of this protein per cell. The purified receptor activity was inactivated by periodate, suggesting that a carbohydrate is also required for activity. A small amount of carbohydrate was present in the purified receptor fraction, and preliminary analysis indicated that glucose, galactose (and/or heptose), rhamnose, uronic acids, and amino sugars were present. The 60,000 molecular weight protein did not appear to contain any large amount of covalently linked carbohydrate. As yet, there is no evidence to confirm the identity of any specific carbohydrate which is essential for receptor activity.
Domestic Violence Intervention

Publisher Summary Domestic violence is physical violence committed by one intimate partner against the other with the intention of causing physical pain or injury. Violence ranges from pushing, shoving, and slapping to punching, hitting with an object, injuring using a weapon, or threatening with a weapon. Efforts to stop the violence have taken many forms and include diverse settings such as community shelters, schools, courts, hospitals and clinics, and research institutions. While treatment outcome research is in its infancy, there is some preliminary evidence that certain kinds of interventions work better for particular batterer types than for others, that some offenders may not be helped by traditional interventions, and that even brief intervention programs are better than no treatment at all. Group treatment is generally preferred to individual or couples treatment. Those batterers who drop out of treatment, and are therefore hardest to treat, are likely to be young substance abusers with a long history of violence. Dating violence programs for teenagers and psycho-educational intervention programs for younger children exposed to domestic violence are examples of innovative secondary preventions. It is hoped that in the future, communities that take the initiative in preempting and combating violence against women will need fewer treatment programs and police units to respond to domestic violence after it occurs.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for an antigenic 120-kilodalton protein of Rickettsia conorii

Several high-molecular-mass (above 100 kDa) antigens are recognized by sera from humans infected with spotted fever group rickettsiae and may be important stimulators of the host immune response. Molecular cloning techniques were used to make genomic Rickettsia conorii (Malish 7 strain) libraries in expression vector lambda gt11. The 120-kDa R. conorii antigen was identified by monospecific antibodies to the recombinant protein expressed on construct lambda 4-7. The entire gene DNA sequence was obtained by using this construct and two other overlapping constructs. An open reading frame of 3,068 bp with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 112 kDa was identified. Promoters and a ribosome-binding site were identified on the basis of their DNA sequence homology to other rickettsial genes and their relative positions in the sequence. The DNA coding region shares no significant homology with other spotted fever group rickettsial antigen genes (i.e., the R. rickettsii 190-, 135-, and 17-kDa antigen-encoding genes). The PCR technique was used to amplify the gene from eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae. A 75-kDa portion of the 120-kDa antigen was overexpressed in and purified from Escherichia coli. This polypeptide was recognized by antirickettsial antibodies and may be a useful diagnostic reagent for spotted fever group rickettsioses.
Psychiatric and neuropsychological characterization of Pallister-Hall syndrome

Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS) is a rare, single-gene, malformation syndrome that includes central polydactyly, hypothalamic hamartoma, bifid epiglottis, endocrine dysfunction, and other anomalies. The syndrome has variable clinical manifestations and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. We sought to determine whether psychiatric disorders and/or neuropsychological impairment were characteristic of PHS. We prospectively conducted systematic neuropsychiatric evaluations with 19 PHS subjects ranging in age from 7 to 75 years. The evaluation included detailed clinical interviews, clinician-rated and self-report instruments, and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Seven of 14 adult PHS subjects met diagnostic criteria for at least one DSM-IV Axis I disorder. Three additional subjects demonstrated developmental delays and/or neuropsychological deficits on formal neuropsychological testing. However, we found no characteristic psychiatric phenotype associated with PHS, and the frequency of each of the diagnoses observed in these subjects was not different from that expected in this size sample. The overall frequency of psychiatric findings among all patients with PHS cannot be compared to point prevalence estimates of psychiatric disease in the general population because of biased ascertainment. This limitation is inherent to the study of behavioral phenotypes in rare disorders. The general issue of psychiatric evaluation of rare genetic syndromes is discussed in light of this negative result.
Sa1670 Learning Curve for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Diagnosis Using Probe-Based Confocal LASER Endomicroscopy (pCLE)

years). The 134 patients consisted of 79 males and 55 females. In 73, histological findings led to a diagnosis of GVHD. These patients accounted for 8.4% of all patients who underwent transplantation and 54.4% of 134 tentatively diagnosed patients. Endoscopic findings of the stomach included hexagonal mucosal changes in 53.4%, erosion in 51.4%, spotted flare in 47.2%, and linear flare in 25.0%. Those of the duodenum included the absence of abnormal findings in 68.1%, flare in 29.1%, and erosion in 11.1%. The accuracy of GVHD diagnosis based on spotted flare of the stomach, mucosal changes, erosion, the absence of abnormal findings of the duodenum, flare, and erosion was 75.5, 75.0, 67.2, 66.7, 56.6, and 53.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of upper Gastrointestinal GVHD was 54.4%. In patients with GVHD of the upper digestive tract, spotted flare and hexagonal mucosal changes of the stomach were frequent. On the other hand, in the duodenum, the normal mucosa biopsy-based diagnosis rate was relatively high.
Reflections on a Scholarship of Practice

This article asserts that a scholarship of practice should emerge to improve day-to-day administrative practice in higher education. Six characteristics of professional practice in higher education strongly indicate such a need. The primary goals of scholarship of practice are to improve administrative practice in higher education and to develop a knowledge base worthy of professional status. This article also presents four attributes that a scholarship of practice must possess with particular attention to the types of knowledge needed for professional practice and how these types of knowledge might be developed by a scholarship of practice. Implications for policy and practice in higher education are also presented.
Biogenic origin for Earth's oldest putative microfossils

Carbonaceous microbe-like features preserved within a local chert unit of the 3.5 Ga old Apex Basalt in Western Australia may represent some of the oldest evidence of life on Earth. However, the biogenicity of these putative microfossils has been called into question, primarily because the sample collection locality is a black, carbon-rich, brecciated chert dike representing an Archean submarine hydrothermal spring, suggesting a formation via an abiotic organic synthesis mechanism. Here we describe the macromolecular hydrocarbon structure, carbon bonding, functional group chemistry, and biotic element abundance of carbonaceous matter associated with these filamentous features. These characteristics are similar to those of biogenic kerogen from the ca. 1.9 Ga old Gunflint Formation. Although an abiotic origin cannot be entirely ruled out, it is unlikely that known abiotic synthesis mechanisms could recreate both the structural and compositional complexity of this ancient carbonaceous matter. Thus, we find that a biogenic origin for this material is more likely, implying that the Apex microbe-like features represent authentic biogenic organic matter.
Dynamics of the excitation and upconversion processes in YAlO3: Pr single crystals

Abstract This work focuses on the phenomenon of upconversion in YAlO3:Pr crystals with particular attention to the mechanism responsible for it and to the processes that affect the upconversion efficiency. We have investigated the spectral features of Pr3+ ions in YAlO3 host crystals with various Pr3+ concentrations. We observed upconverted emission in YAlO3:Pr when exciting the system in the 1D2 level with light from a dye laser at ∼599 nm: this emission is due to transitions originating in 3P0, a level more energetic than the 1D2 level. The dynamics of the upconversion process was studied by measuring decay patterns and emission intensities as a function of excitation and temperature in the range 24–300 K. The experimental data indicate that the mechanism responsible is energy transfer, and that the efficiency of the transfer decreases significantly as the temperature increases. The reasons for this temperature dependence are discussed.
Baculovirus structural proteins.

Introduction. Baculovirus biology. The Baculoviridae are a diverse family of virus pathogens which are infectious for arthropods, particularly insects of the order Lepidoptera. They have also been isolated from the insect orders Hymenoptera, Diptera and Trichoptera, as well as from the crustacean order Decapoda (shrimp) (Couch, 1974). Although baculoviruses infect over 600 species of insects (Martignoni & Iwai, 1986), individual isolates normally show a limited host range and infect only closely related species. Baculoviruses are characterized by large rod-shaped virions containing supercoiled dsDNA genomes ranging in size from 88 to over 160 kbp. A prominent feature is the occlusion of virions in a crystalline protein matrix, and two genera have been distinguished based on the gross structure of the occlusion body. One genus, the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs), has polyhedron-shaped occlusion bodies 1 to 15 µm in diameter composed of a protein called polyhedrin which crystallizes around many enveloped nucleocapsids (see Fig. 1 and 2).
Namomechanical Imaging and Nanoscale Elastic Modulus Measurements of SnO2 Nanobelts

The relative surface contact stiffness of SnO2 nanobelts has been investigated via ultrasonic force microscopy (UFM). The nanobelt crystal structure, as determined via transmission electron microscopy, was indexed to the tetragonal rutile structure (with lattice constants identical to those of bulk SnO2) as reported previously. The atomic Sn:O composition of the nanobelts studied was at or near 1:2. Topographic imaging studies revealed the nanobelt surface to be atomically flat with the exception of surface nanodots, assumed to be local SnO2 crystallites. Preliminary reduced modulus measurements were carried out via differential UFM on both the flat and nanodot regions of the nanobelt. Using the underlying Si substrate as a calibration standard the SnO2 modulus was estimated at 157±12 GPa, significantly lower than corresponding bulk values for any of the observed crystal orientations. We speculate this discrepancy is due in part to a combination of the aspherical probe tip and unknown adhesive properties of nanobelt. An intrinsic reduction of the SnO2 nanobelt modulus cannot be ruled out.
HST imaging of the inner 3 arcseconds of NGC 1068 in the light of forbidden O III 5007 A

The Planetary Camera aboard HST has been used to obtain a high spatial resolution forbidden O III 5007 A image of the nucleus of the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1068. This image shows more detail than any previously published images and resolves the NLR into several distinct clouds arranged in an apparently conical geometry. The individual emission-line regions appear to be resolved with sizes of 0.1-0.2 arcsec. There is a strong apparent correspondence between the 1.3 cm radio structure and several of the forbidden O III 5007 A clouds, although there are also bright emission-line clouds for which there are no radio counterparts. In particular, the radio 'triple' of Ulvestad et al. (1987) appears to correspond directly to the forbidden O III 5007 A clouds A-D. It is concluded that the distribution of the clouds is consistent with ionization core models. The hidden nucleus is located somewhere in the southern radio component and may be coincident with the H2O megamaser.
Maximum effective charge and confinement radius for the Coulomb condensate for an isolated, charged sphere or cylinder in an electrolyte

Abstract An absolute upper bound theorem for the Poisson—Boltzmann equation is used 10 calculate, for an isolated, charged sphere or cylinder in an electrolyte (i) the maximum effective charge which can be seen from afar, and (ii) a radius within which the Coulomb condensate, if present, is confined.
Yield functions/failure criteria for isotropic materials

A new yield function formalism is developed for isotropic materials. A spectrum of forms are inclusive to the general form that has two yield parameters. One parameter is that of a scale type involving uniform expansion or contraction of the yield function. The other is a non-dimensional shape parameter that controls the shape of the function in stress space. Thus the entire range of different behavioural types is accessed by varying a single parameter, the shape parameter. At one extreme of the behaviour is the usual Mises form involving distortional control. At the other extreme is a highly dilatant type of behaviour strongly influenced by mean normal stress. An intermediate range of behaviour is identified as being fracture controlled. The overall forms apply to the initial yielding of materials as well as to strength type behaviour where appropriate.