cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An unsupervised method for the extraction of propositional information from text.

Recent developments in question-answering systems have demonstrated that approaches based on propositional analysis of source text, in conjunction with formal inference systems, can produce substantive improvements in performance over surface-form approaches. [Voorhees, E. M. (2002) in Eleventh Text Retrieval Conference, eds. Voorhees, E. M. & Buckland, L. P., http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec11/t11_proceedings.html]. However, such systems are hampered by the need to create broad-coverage knowledge bases by hand, making them difficult to adapt to new domains and potentially fragile if critical information is omitted. To demonstrate how this problem might be addressed, the Syntagmatic Paradigmatic model, a memory-based account of sentence processing, is used to autonomously extract propositional knowledge from unannotated text. The Syntagmatic Paradigmatic model assumes that people store a large number of sentence instances. When trying to interpret a new sentence, similar sentences are retrieved from memory and aligned with the new sentence by using String Edit Theory. The set of alignments can be considered an extensional interpretation of the sentence. Extracting propositional information in this way not only permits the model to answer questions for which the relevant facts are explicitly stated in the text but also allows the model to take advantage of “inference by coincidence,” where implicit inference occurs as an emergent property of the mechanism. To illustrate the potential of this approach, the model is tested for its ability to determine the winners of tennis matches as reported on the Association of Tennis Professionals web site.
AI-based planning for data analysis

Over the next 10 years (1994-2004), NASA plans to launch several satellites for studying Earth's ecosystems. This Earth Observing System is expected to provide about a terabyte of data per day. The authors have worked with Earth scientists at NASA Ames to encode the selection and preparation of this data as an AI-based planning task. They extended a domain independent planner called Collage, to meet the requirements of this domain, and are building a prototype application that selects and prepares data for ecosystem models. Collage is a successor to the Gemplan planner. Both systems were designed for large, complex planning domains and have been applied to standard toy problems as well as more realistic domains, such as building-construction planning. Two features distinguish Collage from other domain-independent planners. First, instead of state-based planning algorithms, Collage uses a broad repertoire of domain independent, action-based plan-construction algorithms. It can also be extended to include new planning methods, including domain-specific ones. Second, Collage uses localized search: using information about domain structure, the planner partitions a potentially intractable, global search space into smaller, more manageable ones, each working on a local subproblem of the overall task. >
Teaching NeuroImages: Snowball-like lesions with sudden hearing loss

A 53-year-old man presented with abrupt hearing loss, followed by a 4-week course of recurrent vertigo, headaches, and ataxia. Brain MRI revealed multiple punctate ischemic foci on corpus callosum (figure). Cerebral angiogram and echocardiogram were unremarkable. Susac syndrome was diagnosed following findings of branch retinal artery occlusion from fluorescein angiography (figure).
ECR AND GROCERY RETAILING: AN EXPLORATORY FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS

Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) is a grocery industry strategy in which distributors and suppliers work together to improve value for consumers. It is well known and often cited in textbooks as an example of a modern approach to logistics strategy. However, little empirical research has been done on ECR and food retailers. Here, financial and operating results for thirteen grocers that adopted ECR are compared with twelve grocers that did not adopt.
Regulation of nociceptin/orphanin FQ gene expression in astrocytes by ceramide.

Ceramide is generated in response to inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Since these stimuli dramatically increase nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) gene expression in astrocytes we evaluated the regulation of N/OFQ by ceramide and the signaling mechanisms involved. We found that ceramide induced N/OFQ mRNA levels 22-fold after 24 h. In astrocytes ceramide stimulated the JNK, p38 and ERK MAP kinase pathways and also led to the activation of the transcription factors CREB and NFkappaB. Using specific inhibitors of signaling pathways we determined that N/OFQ gene induction is mediated by ERK and p38 MAP kinases. ERK activation may be induced by protein kinase C and it leads to CREB phosphorylation. The NFkappaB pathway also appears to be crucial for ceramide-induced N/OFQ gene expression.
Disappeared: Semantic and Somatic Effects of Political Repression in a Family Seeking Therapy

The admission interview and a brief course of therapy with a family of six living in a repressive political context is presented. The context is described, the initial interview detailed, and seven sessions summarized. This is followed by a discussion of the effects of the political climate on the family's language, social adaptation, and health, and of the goals of therapy with families of disappeared people (desaparecidos).
Role of Process and Microstructural Parameters on Mixed Mode Fracture of Sn-Ag-Cu Solder Joints Under Dynamic Loading Conditions

Electronic packages in mobile devices are often subjected to drops, leading to impact loading. Since solder joints, which serve as mechanical and electrical interconnects in a package, are particularly prone to failure during a drop, the fracture behavior of solders at high strain rates is a critical design parameter for building robust packages. Here we report on a methodology for measuring mixed-mode fracture toughness of Sn3.5Ag0.7Ag (SAC387) solder joints under dynamic loading conditions (at strain rates up to 100s−1 ), and use this method to investigate the role of solder microstructure and interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer thickness on the joint fracture toughness at different mode-mixities and strain rates. Modified compact mixed mode (CMM) samples with adhesive solder joints between Cu plates and a thin film interfacial starter crack were used for the measurements. The interfacial IMC layer thickness was adjusted by controlling the dwell time during reflow, while the solder microstructure was controlled via the post-reflow cooling rate and subsequent thermal aging. The critical strain energy release rate (Gc ) was measured as a function of these microstructural and loading variables, and these data were correlated with the associated crack path, details of which were elicited through fractography as well as crack-profile observations. The crack profile studies were based on samples with double interfacial starter cracks, one of which propagated only partially. Associated with the alteration of the joint microstructure, transitions in the fracture behavior were noted. In all cases, the cracks remained confined to the interfacial region, although the details of the crack propagation path and its interaction with interfacial IMCs, the adjacent solder and the pad surface finish varied significantly. Fracture toughness decreased with an increase in the strain rate and decreased with increasing mode-mixity. A thicker/coarser interfacial IMC layer (due to high dwell times) decreased toughness, while coarser solder microstructures (due to slow cooling during reflow or post-reflow aging) increased toughness. Correlations between joint microstructure and the observed deformation and fracture mechanisms will be highlighted, and a qualitative model based explanation for the inter-play between solder and IMC, and the associated interfaces will be presented.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Thematic Issue: Autonomy, Volitional Motivation, and Wellness

Autonomy is the experience of being the author and origin of one’s behavior—the subjective experience that one’s moment-to-moment activity authentically expresses the self and its needs, desires, and intentions. This experience matters in people’s lives, and it matters in important and far-reaching ways, as autonomy functions as motivational support to people’s positive functioning (e.g., engagement, learning, performance, intrinsic motivation) and well-being (e.g., positive affect, vitality, self-esteem, mental health; Ryan & Deci, 2000). Hence, autonomy is now recognized as a core theoretical concept in the study of human motivation and emotion. This special issue of Motivation and Emotion reflects the ascendancy of autonomy as a core theoretical concept, and it continues a 35-year tradition which essentially began with the birth of self-determination theory and Deci’s (1971) publication on how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivational processes. This issue is comprised of a thematic collection of papers drawn from submissions over the past year. They build on this research tradition, and do so by conceptualizing autonomy either as a psychological need, a state-like experience, a marker of high-quality motivation, or an outcome in its own right. What the papers all have in common is their documentation of the fundamental role that autonomy plays in people’s volitional motivation and psychological, emotional, and physical wellness. The first set of papers investigates autonomy as a psychological need to show how its pursuit and satisfaction promotes volition and wellness. Miquelon and Vallerand show how the pursuit of autonomous goals in academic life is associated with both happiness and self-realization, particularly when academic life turns stressful. Vansteenkiste and his coauthors show how autonomy need satisfaction in the
Iron Lazar. A Political Biography of Lazar Kaganovich

E. A. Rees, Iron Lazar: A Political Biography of Lazar Kaganovich . London: Anthem Press, 2012. Pp. xv + 373; figures; notes; index. £60.00 (hardback). ISBN 9-780-857283-498 For a long time we have...
On the operability of continuous processes

Abstract This paper offers a brief overview of past work as well as a comprehensive summary of our efforts based on the operability framework introduced by Vinson and Georgakis (in: C. Georgakis (Ed.), DYCOPS-5, Proceedings of the fifth IFAC symposium on dynamics and control of process systems, 1998, pp. 700–709; J. Proc. Control 10, 200, 10, pp. 185–194). This framework aims to quantify the inherent operability of a process without having to specify the control structure. It enables the identification of inoperable processes, regardless of the feedback controller selected, necessitating process rather than controller changes. Evaluation of steady-state operability is a necessary first step which should subsequently be complemented by the examination of the dynamic operability. The defined concepts are based on some key operating spaces. These spaces define the available ranges of input variables, the desired ranges of output variables, and the expected ranges of disturbance variables of the process. The calculation of the operability index is demonstrated for linear and the more general case of nonlinear models. This is achieved by mapping the defined input and output spaces onto each other using the nonlinear steady-state model of the process. Dynamic operability is examined by solving an optimal control problem to find the minimum time within which the process can respond to a disturbance or move to a new operating point with the available ranges of inputs.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS OF SQUARES AND OF FREE ALGEBRAS

We show that certain finite groups do not arise as the automorphism group of the square of a finite algebraic structure, nor as the automorphism group of a finite, 2-generated, free, algebraic structure.
Structure-adaptive parallel solution of sparse triangular linear systems

Abstract Solving sparse triangular systems of linear equations is a performance bottleneck in many methods for solving more general sparse systems. Both for direct methods and for many iterative preconditioners, it is used to solve the system or improve an approximate solution, often across many iterations. Solving triangular systems is notoriously resistant to parallelism, however, and existing parallel linear algebra packages appear to be ineffective in exploiting significant parallelism for this problem. We develop a novel parallel algorithm based on various heuristics that adapt to the structure of the matrix and extract parallelism that is unexploited by conventional methods. By analyzing and reordering operations, our algorithm can often extract parallelism even for cases where most of the nonzero matrix entries are near the diagonal. Our main parallelism strategies are: (1) identify independent rows, (2) send data earlier to achieve greater overlap, and (3) process dense off-diagonal regions in parallel. We describe the implementation of our algorithm in Charm++ and MPI and present promising experimental results on up to 512 cores of BlueGene/P, using numerous sparse matrices from real applications.
Defining Acute Renal Failure: The RIFLE Criteria

Acute renal failure is common among critically ill patients and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The reported incidence and the attributed morbidity and mortality of acute renal failure vary widely, largely owing to the use of a wide variety of definitions for acute renal failure. Until recently, no consensus existed about how to best define, characterize, and study acute renal failure. This lack of a standard definition has been a major impediment to the progress of clinical and basic research in this field. This review outlines some of the physiologic principles that may help us better understand and define acute renal failure and describes the RIFLE criteria (an acronym comprising Risk, Injury, and Failure; and Loss, and End-stage kidney disease), a recent consensus method of defining and stratifying acute renal failure. Also discussed are many of the challenges and controversies associated with achieving consensus and developing a classification for acute renal dysfunction.
Selectorecombinative Genetic Algorithm to Relax Computational Complexity of Discrete Network Design Problem

A new approach is proposed for relaxing the computational complexity of the user equilibrium discrete network design problem (UE-DNDP), under deterministic traffic conditions, with a solution search procedure based on the selectorecombinative genetic algorithm (SGA). The SGA uses only selection and recombination operators rather than mutation. The UE-DNDP approach proposed in this study has a bilevel structure: the upper-level problem relates to the strategy of the network design authority, and the lower-level problem deals with network user behaviors. To solve the upper-level problem, the SGA is first used to create feasible network design solutions to the UE-DNDP by accounting for a budget constraint. Then the design authority selects the best network design strategy with minimum total system travel time (TSTT). Extensive experimental design and testing on GA operators and parameters are conducted to select the useful GA operators and parameters. For the lower-level problem, the best K-value concept is ...
Effect of storage allocation/reclamation methods on parallelism and storage requirements

The write after read/write synchronizations (the anti- and output-dependence constraints) inhibit the parallelism exhibited by Fortran programs. These constraints can be avoided by allocating storage for the values generated in a program dynamically, so that multiple values associated with the same variable can co-exist. The additional parallelism obtained by dynamically allocating storage for a subset of variables in a program, and the extra storage required for doing so, are scrutinized for a set of scientific/engineering applications.It is shown that on allocating storage dynamically for all scalar variables in the program, several hundred Fortran statements can be executed concurrently per cycle. On allocating storage dynamically for array elements too, the further increase in parallelism is less than a factor of ten. Finally, if storage is allocated statically for all variables, the available parallelism is usually under 10 Fortran-statements/cycle. The storage required for dynamic allocation can be two orders of magnitude above that required for the execution of the program on a conventional machine.
A tellurium-substituted Lindqvist-type polyoxoniobate showing high H(2) evolution catalyzed by tellurium nanowires via photodecomposition.

A new tellurium-substituted Lindqvist-type polyoxoniobate [H2TeNb5O19]5− was synthesized as a tetramethylammonium salt. When irradiated with a Xe lamp, a water–methanol solution of this cluster showed exceptionally high H2-evolution activity suggesting cocatalysis by the hexaniobate cluster and metallic tellurium, both of which are formed as photodecomposition products.
An effect of age on the phosphodiesterase activator protein of rat cerebral cortex. A brief note.

Abstract Measurements were made of the effectiveness of phosphodiesterase activator protein isolated from the cerebral cortex of rats of various ages in stimulating the phosphodiesterase-catalyzed conversion of cyclic-AMP into 5′-AMP. An age dependent increase in the potency of preparations of activator protein was observed, with the activator isolated from animals six months of age and older being generally more efficacious than that from younger animals.
A comparative study of macroporous metal oxides synthesized via a unified approach

A variety of macroporous metal oxides was synthesized via a spontaneous self-assembly process in aqueous solution starting from organic alkoxide precursors under a common set of conditions to prese...
Swimming of a Flexible Hydrofoil near a Free Surface

This paper represents some of the results obtained from a study which extended an exact linearized potential theory to include the problem of the thrust generated by an oscillating, flexible, flat, two-dimensional plate of zero thickness moving near the free surface of an ideal incompressible fluid. Of particular interest is the applicability of the model to the problem of a thin flat fish (such as rays) swimming near the surface of a body of water. The theoretical expression for the thrust is presented and it is shown to reduce to that obtained previously by a different method for the case of swimming at an infinite depth. Numerical results are given for swimming at both shallow and infinite depths. Die vorliegende Arbeit befast sich mit der Vortriebserzeugung einer biegsamen ebenen dunnen Platte von endlicher Tiefe und unendlicher Spannweite, welche nahe einer freien Flussigkeitsoberflache harmonisch schwingt. Die Flussigkeit wird als reibungsfrei und inkompressibel angenommen und das Problem mit Hilfe von potentialtheoretischen Methoden behandelt. Von besonderem Interesse ist die Anwendung des betrachteten Modells auf die Schwimmbewegung eines dunnen platten Fisches (z. B. Rochen) in der Nahe der Wasseroberflache. Es wird eine theoretische Formel fur den Vortrieb angegeben, welche fur die im unendlich tiefen Flussigkeitsraum stattfindende Bewegung mit einer anderwarts mittels des Singularitatenverfahrens hergeleiteten Gleichung ubereinstimmt. Numerische Ergebnisse fur die Bewegung in masigen und sehr grosen Tiefen werden mitgeteilt.
Analysis of visual system development in Drosophila melanogaster: Mutations at the Glued locus

We have analyzed several aspects of the development of flies carrying mutations at the Glued locus. Optic lobe abnormalities in individuals heterozygous for the original Glued allele were previously shown to result from an action of this mutation in the retinula cells. We have estimated when the functioning of this gene or its product is required for normal visual system development by using genetic mosaicism induced by somatic recombination and temperature shifts of a temperature-sensitive mutation at this locus. Both methods point to a period in the mid-third instar, suggesting that early events in the formation of ommatidia and/or late events in the program of retinal cells are affected. Application of a new histological stain for developing axons indicates that individuals heterozygous for Glued exhibit abnormalities in the retinula fiber projection by the late third instar. Thus, the adult phenotype is not solely the result of later cellular degeneration or rearrangement. Beneath M+ Gl+ clones which encompass the entire eye were found optic lobe abnormalities with features not seen in either other mosaics or Gl heterozygotes. The possibility that these abnormalities result from temporal asynchrony in the development of eye and and optic lobe in these individuals is discussed and the results of attempts to test this hypothesis are presented.
Clinical results of HIS, RIS, PACS integration using data integration CASE tools

Current infrastructure research in PACS is dominated by the development of communication networks (local area networks, teleradiology, ATM networks, etc.), multimedia display workstations, and hierarchical image storage architectures. However, limited work has been performed on developing flexible, expansible, and intelligent information processing architectures for the vast decentralized image and text data repositories prevalent in healthcare environments. Patient information is often distributed among multiple data management systems. Current large-scale efforts to integrate medical information and knowledge sources have been costly with limited retrieval functionality. Software integration strategies to unify distributed data and knowledge sources is still lacking commercially. Systems heterogeneity (i.e., differences in hardware platforms, communication protocols, database management software, nomenclature, etc.) is at the heart of the problem and is unlikely to be standardized in the near future. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of newly available CASE (computer- aided software engineering) tools to rapidly integrate HIS, RIS, and PACS information systems. The advantages of these tools include fast development time (low-level code is generated from graphical specifications), and easy system maintenance (excellent documentation, easy to perform changes, and centralized code repository in an object-oriented database). The CASE tools are used to develop and manage the `middle-ware' in our client- mediator-serve architecture for systems integration. Our architecture is scalable and can accommodate heterogeneous database and communication protocols.
Ultrastructural Studies of the Development of Nerves in Hydra

Three types of mature epidermal neurons and several of their differentiating stages aie presented in this ultrastructural study. Each of the three types, neurosensory, neurosecretory, and ganglionic cells, is derived from interstitial cells, (i) Mature neurosensory cells contain elongated nuclei, a well-developed cilium in each cell, and membrane-bounded neurosecretory droplets (700–1300 A in diameter). There may be two or more neurites in which are numerous microtubules, glycogen particles, ribosomes and many neurosecretory droplets, (ii) Mature neurosecretory cells closely resemble neurosensory cells, except that no cilium is present. The perikarya contain small, dense nuclei, neurosecretory droplets (850–1300 A in diameter), mitochondria, glycogen particles, and microtubules. Active Golgi complexes are present in both cell types. The nemites are similar to those described for neurosensory cells, (iii) Mature ganglionic cells are bipolar or multipolar. The small, dense nuclei are surrounded by a small amount of cytoplasm. The neurites contain mostly microtubules; a few mitochondria, ribosomes, and glycogen particles are also present, but there are no secretory droplets. To date, only neurosensory and neurosecretory cells have been observed in the gastiodermis. They are structurally indistinguishable from their epideimal counterparts. A significant finding is that three types of synapses—neuromuscular, neuronematocyte, and interneuronal—are identified in both the epidermal and gastrodermal neurons.
Stability of time-dependent rotational Couette flow. Part 1. Experimental investigation

The stability of viscous time-dependent rotational Couette flow, induced by an impulsively started inner cylinder was experimentally investigated. The ratio of the radius of the inner cylinder to that of the outer cylinder was . The space between the cylinders was filled with distilled water. The time-dependent instabilities were observed by means of dye injection. They appeared as a series of disks more or less evenly spaced along the inner cylinder. The spacing and growth of these instabilities were recorded using a motion picture camera. From the motion pictures the critical time (which is the time from the impulsive start to the first onset of instability) and spacing of the instabilities were experimentally determined, and a marginal stability curve (Reynolds number versus critical time) was constructed.
Conformality and Gauge Coupling Unification

It has been recently proposed to embed the standard model in a conformal gauge theory to resolve the hierarchy problem, and to avoid assuming either grand unification or low-energy supersymmetry. By model building based on string-field duality, we show how to maintain the successful prediction of an electroweak mixing angle with sin{sup 2}h{theta}{approx_equal}0.231 in conformal gauge theories with three chiral families. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Estimation of Mean Annual Temperature from Leaf and Wood Physiognomy

There are distinct relationships among the anatomy of wood, the morphology of leaves, and the climate in which woody plants are growing. The relationships between leaf morphological characters and climate have been known for many years, but wood characters as climate indicators are less well studied. In this article, we use measurements of wood anatomy and leaf morphology from woody dicotyledonous plants, growing in Florida and Connecticut, to determine the accuracy to which statistical models can predict climate. The strength of the relationship between climate and physiognomy is important because it allows us to evaluate the phenotypic plasticity that woody plants express under various climates. In this study we use canonical correspondence and regression models to examine how precisely wood anatomical and leaf morphological characters are related to climate. For leaves, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) using 31 characters gave the closest estimate of mean annual temperature (MAT) in Connecticut, whereas a regression equation using only a single leaf character (leaf margins with no teeth) as predictor gave the closest estimate in Florida. For wood, CCA using 13 wood characters gave the closest estimate in Florida, whereas a regression equation using only a single wood character (the occurrence of vessels smaller than 100 µm) gave the closest estimate in Connecticut. CCA showed that, although MAT has a smooth and continuous relationship with leaf physiognomy, this is not the case for wood. Temperate woods form a different physiognomic population than subtropical and tropical woods, in which the physiognomy of temperate woods is more strongly influenced by MAT than is the physiognomy of subtropical and tropical woods. FOR. SCI. 47(2):141-149.
Pathogenesis and diagnosis of myocarditis

Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that may progress to dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure. A number of factors including the sex hormone testosterone, components of innate immunity, and profibrotic cytokines have been identified in animal models as important pathogenic mechanisms that increase inflammation and susceptibility to chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. The clinical presentation of acute myocarditis is non-specific and mimics more common causes of heart failure and arrhythmias. Suspected myocarditis is currently confirmed using advanced non-invasive imaging and histopathologic examination of heart tissue. However, the diverse presentations of myocarditis and the lack of widely available, safe, and accurate non-invasive diagnostic tests remain major obstacles to early diagnosis and population based research. Recent advances in the understanding of disease pathogenesis described in this review should lead to more accurate diagnostic algorithms and non-invasive tests.
The Presidency and the Politics of Racial Inequality: Nation-Keeping from 1831 to 1965. By Russell L. Riley. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 373p. $49.50 cloth, $22.50 paper.

Russell L. Riley offers an insightful account of how American presidents have grappled with race. His main concern is the causal forces that shape the institutional role of the presi- dency in American politics. The discussion centers specifi- cally upon the determinants of presidential policy that affects the advancement of African Americans toward first-class citizenship. Riley asks what operative dictates and constraints shape presidential behavior vis-a -vis racial inequality politics.
The Asthma Kiosk: A Patient-centered Technology for Collaborative Decision Support in the Emergency Department

The authors report on the development and evaluation of a novel patient-centered technology that promotes capture of critical information necessary to drive guideline-based care for pediatric asthma. The design of this application, the asthma kiosk, addresses five critical issues for patient-centered technology that promotes guideline-based care: (1) a front-end mechanism for patient-driven data capture, (2) neutrality regarding patients' medical expertise and technical backgrounds, (3) granular capture of medication data directly from the patient, (4) formal algorithms linking patient-level semantics and asthma guidelines, and (5) output to both patients and clinical providers regarding best practice. The formative evaluation of the asthma kiosk demonstrates its ability to capture patient-specific data during real-time care in the emergency department (ED) with a mean completion time of 11 minutes. The asthma kiosk successfully links parents' data to guideline recommendations and identifies data critical to health improvements for asthmatic children that otherwise remains undocumented during ED-based care.
Enhancing performance of IP service in HIPERLAN/2 networks

The demand for multimedia applications nowadays has driven the existing wireless IP technologies towards the direction of more robust and effective solutions. Performance enhancing proxies (PEPs) are featuring as a proper candidate in order to provide with the performance enhancements required The solution evaluated in this paper is a PEP, referred to as wireless adaptation layer (WAL), which aims at offering traffic differentiation and QoS improvements over a wide variety of existing wireless technologies, such as IEEE 802.11b, Bluetooth and HIPERLAN/2. Our focus is on the HIPERLAN/2 wireless infrastructure, which is tested with the presence of the WAL under various traffic conditions. A detailed simulation model shows the improvement in QoS offered by the WAL.
Imprinting of Hepatic Estrogen-Binding Proteins by Neonatal Androgens

Previous studies discovered a second class of estrogen-binding proteins distinct from estrogen receptor which exhibited higher capacity, lower affinity (HCLA) binding properties. HCLA sites underwent postpubertal sex differentiation, such that adult male levels were at least 10-fold higher than adult female levels. Neonatal castration of male rats prevented the subsequent sex differentiation of HCLA binding sites; adult male rats that were castrated neonatally exhibited typically female concentrations of these binding sites. If male rats were castrated at 19 days of age or later, postpubertal sex differentiation of HCLA binding sites proceeded as observed for intact males. Administration of testosterone propionate (TP) to castrated (neonatally) males during a critical period (days 6-13) imprinted for the subsequent sex differentiation of HCLA sites, whereas TP administration at other times did not. The expression of these imprinted sites was not manifested until puberty, as neonatal manipulation or TP treatment had no effect on HCLA sites in immature rats. The imprinted effect on HCLA binding sites appeared to be permanent and irreversible. Treatment of castrate males with diethylstilbestrol (DES) or zearalenol (P-1496) during the critical period was incapable of restoring development of normal male levels of HCLA sites. Competitive binding studies using several steroid hormones revealed similar data for intact males and castrate (neonatal) male rats that had received TP during the critical period. These studies demonstrate an early imprinting period during which androgen exposure programs for postpubertal development of sex differentiation of HCLA binding sites.
RHEUMATOID FACTOR AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

In analogy with the two categories of reactants which are used in the serological tests for the unusual category of macroglobulins called rheumatoid factor, two fluorescent reactants have been prepared for the detection of rheumatoid factor in situ in tissue sections: fluorescent antigen-rabbit antibody (immune) complex, in the present study, and fluorescent aggregated human gamma-globulin, in previous work. Plasma cells in the synovial membrane and germinal center cells and internodular plasma cells in lymph nodes are the sites of origin of rheumatoid factor in active rheumatoid arthritis, whether occurring in adults or children. Plasma cells and germinal center cells which form rheumatoid factor detectable with fluorescent immune complex are less numerous than those which contain factor demonstrable with fluorescent aggregate. In the same tissues, plasma cells and germinal center cells which contain macroglobulin (19S human gamma-globulin) detectable with fluorescent antibody-but not showing the reactivity of rheumatoid factor-are more abundant than those containing rheumatoid factor. While macroglobulin and rheumatoid factor are almost exclusively formed in the cytoplasm, these proteins are also detectable in the nucleus of an occasional plasma cell. Normal and pathological synovial and capsular tissues, lymph nodes, and connective tissues obtained from individuals without rheumatoid arthritis are not stained with fluorescent immune complex or, except for an unusual example of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, with fluorescent aggregate. The cellular origin, as well as certain chemical and immunological attributes, of rheumatoid factor suggests an antibody-like nature and function. The observations cited are consistent with the behavior anticipated for cellular rheumatoid factor, were it primarily an antibody direct to an altered human gamma-globulin and cross-reacting with rabbit gamma-globulin. However, it is also possible that there are two or more cellular rheumatoid factors. Lesion-associated protein precipitates having the composition anticipated for rheumatoid factor-antigen complex are localized in the amyloid depositions in kidney and spleen of an individual who died with amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatments for methamphetamine abuse: a literature review for the clinician.

Methamphetamine (METH) use and dependence is a serious public health concern with implications across multiple areas from societal impact to burden on psychiatric and medical resources. An estimated 8% of admissions to substance abuse treatment programs are related to stimulants with METH/amphetamine abuse. To date, effective pharmacotherapy options to enhance abstinence have not been identified. The objective of this article is to critically review the literature of METH treatment options. Preclinical research and human research with compounds not yet available commercially in the United States will not be included. A literature review was conducted for research on pharmacological treatments for METH use and addiction. Trial information on the use of sertraline, bupropion, mirtazapine, modafinil, dextroamphetamine, ondansetron, risperidone, aripiprazole, baclofen, and gabapentin was reviewed. Aripiprazole trials appeared in the reviewed literature more frequently than the other medications. Based on the ...
Short Note: A fast and stable method for rotating spherical harmonic expansions

In this paper, we present a simple and efficient method for rotating a spherical harmonic expansion. This is a well-studied problem, arising in classical scattering theory, quantum mechanics and numerical analysis, usually addressed through the explicit construction of the Wigner rotation matrices. We show that rotation can be carried out easily and stably through ''pseudospectral'' projection, without ever constructing the matrix entries themselves. Existing fast algorithms, based on recurrence relations, are subject to a variety of instabilities, limiting the effectiveness of the approach for expansions of high degree.
Simultaneous Routing and Feedthrough Algorithm to Decongest Top Channel

In macrocell based SoC design, a routing plan to decongest top channel is an important step during floor planning. While previous approaches attempt at reducing congestion of chip as a whole, there is no attempt to specifically decongest top channel. We present an algorithmic approach to decongest top channel by using very few feedthroughs. Results show that compared to conventional methods, we can decongest top channel by using 20% lesser feedthrough buffers, and better top channel routing resource utilization.
New group advices on Space Station

Scientific uses o f the proposed space station will be reviewed periodically by a new committee appointed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in February. The Space Station Science and Applications Advisory Subcommittee will channel to NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) views of the scientific community on how the station can be used for scientific research and applications. The focus is equipment development, as well as operational procedures and capabilities.
Normalizing Air–Sea Flux Coefficients for Horizontal Homogeneity, Stationarity, and Neutral Stratification

Abstract Monin–Obukhov similarity (MOS) theory is routinely applied over the ocean to describe surface layer profiles of wind speed, temperature, and gas concentrations. Using this theory, fluxes are in turn estimated based on the best available parameterizations of normalized flux coefficients: for example, neutral flux coefficients. Flux coefficients can vary with environmental conditions. Because it is generally assumed that the domain of interest must be characterized by spatially homogeneous and steady-state conditions, systematic violations of the assumptions may lead to significant uncertainties in flux estimates. In this paper, the author has extended MOS theory to accommodate nonstationarity and spatial inhomogeneity in the representation of the normalized drag coefficient, Stanton number, and Dalton number. The author illustrates the importance of his theoretical extension, based on a reexamination of a historical air–sea interaction dataset obtained from the North Sea.
Unexpected Benefits of Intermittent Hypoxia: Enhanced Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Motor Function

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is most often thought of for its role in morbidity associated with sleep-disordered breathing, including central nervous system pathology. However, recent evidence suggest...
Comparison of the harmonic scissors and endostapler in laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 29 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy to compare outcomes using the endostapler (15 women) versus harmonic scissors (14). Both instruments resulted in similar outcomes with regard to to operating room time, blood loss, and hospital stay. The harmonic scissors have the advantage of decreasing patient cost compared with the stapler.
Currency value moderates equity preference among young children

Cooperative behavior depends in part on a preference for equitable outcomes. Recent research in behavioral economics assesses variables that influence adult concerns for equity, but few studies to date investigate the emergence of equitable behavior in children using similar economic games. We tested 288 3- to 6-year olds in an anonymous Dictator Game to assess how the value of the currency used affects equity preferences in children. To manipulate value, children played the game with their most or least favorite stickers. At all ages, we found a strong value effect with children donating more of their least favorite stickers than their favorite stickers. We also found a dramatic increase with age in the percentage of children who were prosocial (i.e. donated at least one sticker). However, children who were prosocial tended to give the same proportion of stickers at all ages – about half of their least favorite stickers and 40% of their favorite stickers. These findings highlight the influence of resource value on children's preference for equity, and provide evidence for two different processes underlying altruistic giving: the decision to donate at all and the decision about how much to donate.
Developments in making space access rapid and affordable using a plasma railgun

For the last four years, the Institute for Advanced Technology has been working on the development of a plasma driven electromagnetic launcher (EML), for economic access to space [1]. The research is focused on overcoming setbacks experienced in the early developmental days of plasma-driven EMLs, which prevented researchers from obtaining muzzle velocities in excess of 6 km /s [2]. The possibility of achieving muzzle velocities in excess of 7 km/s with an EML make its use attractive and cost-efficient means for launching small (∼ 10 kg) microsatellites into low Earth orbit. For that reason, the research being performed is funded as part of a multidisciplinary university research initiative (MURI) by the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). In the summer of 2007, a muzzle velocity of 5.2 km/s was achieved with no evidence of restrike arcs or bore ablation, the effects of which are believed to limit the velocity of plasma railguns to no more than 6 km/s. Since then, a series of modifications have been made to the railgun bore to improve its performance and lifetime. Some of those modifications, and the experimental results obtained as a result, are discussed here.
Recurrence of a pancreatic cystic lymphangioma after diagnosis and complete drainage by endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration.

Context Lymphangiomas are uncommon benign neoplasms that result from a blockage of the lymphatic system. Pancreatic cystic lymphangiomas are extremely rare. Pancreatic cystic lymphangiomas have been classically diagnosed on histopathologic examination following surgical excision, but recent reports have demonstrated successful diagnosis using endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Data on the natural history of these lesions following drainage via EUS-FNA are lacking. We present a case of successful initial diagnosis and drainage of a pancreatic cystic lymphangioma using EUS-FNA, with unfortunate recurrence of the lesion four months later. Case report A 50-year-old female was evaluated for epigastric abdominal pain and nausea. CT scan revealed a 4 cm retroperitoneal cystic lesion. EUS-FNA was performed with complete drainage of the lesion using a 22-gauge needle. Twenty-five mL of chylous white fluid was obtained with laboratory analysis consistent with a pancreatic cystic lymphangioma. The patient was symptom-free for 4 months following drainage, but eventually had symptoms again with a CT scan confirming recurrence. Conclusions While EUS-FNA is effective for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lymphangiomas, its role in the management of these lesions is questionable. Temporary relief of symptoms can be achieved after EUS-guided drainage, but recurrence is a concern. Definitive cure likely requires complete surgical excision. Image: White, chylous fluid aspirated from cystic lesion.
Channeling: A Marriage of Atomic Collision Physics and Materials Science

Ever since the modern “discoveries” of channeling in ca 1962(1–4) there has been a close connection between atomic collision physics and the science of materials. Channeling, the phenomenon which leads to steering of a penetrating ion’s trajectory along low index crystal directions, is caused by correlated atomic collisions with the atoms lying in crystal rows or planes. Without crystalographic order there can be no channeling, hence a method for measuring disorder, defects, interstitials etc.
40 GHz quasi-optical second harmonic spatial power combiner using FETs and slots

FET oscillators integrated with slot radiators are used for constructing quasi-optical second-harmonic spatial power combiners. Double-oscillator power combiner circuits with a strongly coupled structure generated the 40-GHz second-harmonic frequencies. The radiation patterns of the double-oscillator power combiners are also discussed. Through the antenna patterns obtained one can also find information on the phase relationship between the oscillators. By controlling the phases on the slots, it was possible to obtain the Delta pattern for the 19-GHz fundamental and the Sigma pattern for the 40-GHz second harmonic. >
Linguistic Gender and Spoken-Word Recognition in French

Eye movements were monitored as French participants followed spoken instructions to use a computer mouse to click on one of four displayed pictures. Experiment 1 demonstrated that, in the absence of grammatical gender in the context preceding the referent name [e.g., cliquez sur les boutons (click on the (plural neut.) buttons (masc.))], participants fixated pictures with names sharing initial sounds with the target [e.g., bouteilles (bottles (fem.))] more than on pictures with phonologically unrelated names, replicating “cohort” effects previously found with this paradigm. When a gendermarked article immediately preceded the noun [e.g., cliquez sur le bouton (click on the (masc.) button)], the early activation of the gender-inconsistent cohort was completely eliminated (Experiment 2). This demonstrates that the set of candidates initially considered for recognition of the noun is constrained by the gender-marked article. Two alternative accounts of these results, one based on grammatical level of processing and the other based on form-based statistics, are discussed. © 2000 Academic Press
Adenomatous hyperplasia of equine allantoic epithelium

Adenomatous hyperplasia with or without cystic formation of allantoic epithelium was observed in 63/954 equine placentas examined from 1 February 1988 to 31 January 1990. In 61/63 placentas, the adenomatous hyperplasia was associated with other placental lesions: 49 with chronic or chronic-active placentitis, six with placental edema, three with fetal diarrhea, one with placentitis and fetal diarrhea, one with fetal diarrhea and placental edema, and one with hyperplasia of chorionic epithelium. When lesions were less severe, the hyperplastic lesions were not grossly visible, but when lesions were severe, nodular, tumorous, cystic masses were observed at or near the insertion site of umbilical blood vessels. Histologically, lesions classified as stage 1 were characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells and formation of intraepithelial glands (lumina). Lesions classified as stage 2 were characterized by the presence of fibro-adenomatous changes in the allantoic stroma. Lesions classified as stage 3 were characterized by the formation of the nodular masses, which were composed of glandular or cystic structures of various sizes lined by cuboidal or low to medium columnar epithelium. These glands or cysts were empty or contained amphophilic secretion, a mixture of neutrophils and secretion material, or neutrophils. The cause of adenomatous hyperplasia of the equine allantois is not certain; however, there is a close connection between chronic placental disorders and this hyperplastic lesion.