cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of broncho-alveolar lavage and bronchial brush cytology in diagnosing lung cancers

Of all the cases investigated for suspected lung cancer between June 1999 and June 2003, 196 cases were selected where flexible bronchoscopic samples of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial brush (BB) cytology as well as bronchial biopsy were taken and processed as per standard procedures of cytology and histology. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of BAL and BB cytology in diagnosing lung cancer, taking bronchial biopsy as the 'Gold Standard' diagnostic test. Sensitivity of BB was 87.3%; while that of BAL was 39.4%. Specificity of BB and BAL was 97.6% and 89.6%, respectively. BB was better than BAL in morphological typing of lung cancers. We conclude that bronchial brushing is a much superior technique in the diagnosis and morphological typing of lung cancers.
Associated deformities and hypermobility in hallux valgus: an investigation with weightbearing radiographs

Background:Hallux valgus has been reported to recur after surgical correction in patients subsequently diagnosed with hypermobility of the first ray, pronation of the foot, and pes planovalgus. An ...
Magnetotransport studies in charge density wave conductors

Abstract We have performed transport studies on the lower charge density wave (CDW) state of NbSe3 in the presence of applied magnetic (H) fields of up to 75 kG. Dc conductivity and narrow band noise measurements show that the spectacular magnetoresistance which occurs in the lower CDW state is associated with conversion of normal carriers into CDW carriers. Ac conductivity studies indicate that the CDW continues to behave overdamped in an H-field, but the crossover frequency increases. These results are compared to the predictions of Balseiro and Fallicov for an anistropic system with imperfect nesting.
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of genetic skin disease through the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database.

Despite unprecedented gains in genomic technologies and genotype resolution, there remain tremendous challenges in our ability to capture disease "phenomes." We propose a previously unreported method for deconvolving human disease into elemental features, thereby creating a third space that interacts with both the disease and genotypic spaces. Using cutaneous and noncutaneous clinical findings available through Johns Hopkins University's Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, we set out to deconstruct genetic skin disease (GSD) into its various components, to more fully explore the relationship between these features within the complex phenotypic space and to characterize the genotypic space within which these disorders exist. Using OMIM, we defined the current state of GSD as including 560 distinct disorders associated with 501 unique protein-encoding genes. The most common elemental skin features included cornifying, erosive, and hair/nail phenotypes, and the most common systemic features included those associated with developmental, musculoskeletal, and neurological systems. As a proof of principle, we focused on a single skin feature— cafe-au-lait macules—and partitioned the disease space into hierarchical groupings on the basis of this finding. Finally, functional analyses among GSD loci were mapped back to skin features, providing insights into pigmentary and auditory features. Phenotypic deconvolution provides a framework for analyzing medical disorders and can aid in the organization and elucidation of biological mechanisms related to human disease.
Amylopectin Fine Structure and Rice Starch Paste Breakdown

Ten rice starches with a fairly narrow range of amylose content, but wide variation in RVA pasting curves, were selected to study a possible relationship between amylopectin fine structure and RVA paste viscosity parameters. Amylopectin fine structure was found to significantly correlate with paste breakdown. Proportion of long chains of amylopectin (FrI) was negatively correlated (r=0·84, p<0·01) and proportion of short chains of amylopectin (FrIII) was positive correlated (r=0·89, p<0·001) with paste breakdown. The findings imply that amylopectin fine structure relates to the extent of breakdown of swollen granules and the viscosity after gelatinised starch granule structure is disrupted. The results suggest the possibility that lines can be selected with high proportion of amylopectin long chains for reduced paste breakdown.
Cordycepin sensitivity in adenosine utilizing mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is resistant to the antibiotic cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), an adenosine analogue which inhibits nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria. To obtain cordycepin-sensitive derivatives of yeast we mutagenized an adenine-requiring strain and selected clones able to utilize adenosine in place of adenine; wild type yeast strains normally cannot satisfy their adenine requirement with adenosine. The adenosine-utilizing mutants we obtained were very sensitive to cordycepin (50 % inhibition of growth at 11.5 μg/ml). In sensitive mutants the drug rapidly inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis, but only affected protein synthesis after a lag. Both the ability to use adenosine and cordycepin sensitivity were recessive to the adenosine non-utilizing, drug resistant phenotype.
Negative Ion Source and Beam Development at BNL

Neutral beam injector based on H- ions for Tokamak fusion reactors is gradually evolving from the accumulated research results at BNL. Progress is reported on both Penning and magnetron surface plasma ion sources for direct extraction of negative ions. Schemes for transporting and accelerating of the ion beam are also described. Test results of the gas jets for H- ? H° conversion are also included. The next generation of a high energy neutral injector test stand to be completed in the coming months is also presented.
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii : Effect of the iron chelation prodrug dexrazoxane on in vitro cultures

Abstract Loyevsky, M., Sacci, J. B., Jr., Boehme, P., Weglicki, W., John, C., and Gordeuk, V. R. 1999. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii : Effect of the iron chelation prodrug dexrazoxane on in vitro cultures. Experimental Parasitology 91 , 105–114. To determine if an iron-chelating prodrug that must undergo intracellular hydrolysis to bind iron has antimalarial activity, we examined the action of dexrazoxane on Plasmodium falciparum cultured in human erythrocytes and P. yoelii cultured in mouse hepatocytes. Dexrazoxane was recently approved to protect humans from doxorubucin-induced cardiotoxicity. Using the fluorescent marker calcein, we confirmed that the iron-chelating properties of dexrazoxane are directly related to its ability to undergo hydrolysis. As a single agent, dexrazoxane inhibited synchronized cultures of P. falciparum in human erythrocytes only at suprapharmacologic concentrations (>200 μM). In combination with desferrioxamine B, dexrazoxane in pharmacologic concentrations (100–200 μM) moderately potentiated inhibition by approximately 20%. In contrast, pharmacologic concentrations of dexrazoxane (50–200 μM) as a single agent inhibited the progression of P. yoelii from sporozoites to schizonts in cultured mouse hepatocytes by 45 to 69% ( P
Land use and electricity generation: A life-cycle analysis

Renewable-energy sources often are regarded as dispersed and difficult to collect, thus requiring substantial land resources in comparison to conventional energy sources. In this review, we present the normalized land requirements during the life cycles of conventional- and renewable-energy options, covering coal, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, photovoltaics, wind, and biomass. We compared the land transformation and occupation matrices within a life-cycle framework across those fuel cycles. Although the estimates vary with regional and technological conditions, the photovoltaic (PV) cycle requires the least amount of land among renewable-energy options, while the biomass cycle requires the largest amount. Moreover, we determined that, in most cases, ground-mount PV systems in areas of high insolation transform less land than the coal-fuel cycle coupled with surface mining. In terms of land occupation, the biomass-fuel cycle requires the greatest amount, followed by the nuclear-fuel cycle. Although not detailed in this review, conventional electricity-generation technologies also pose secondary effects on land use, including contamination and disruptions of the ecosystems of adjacent lands, and land disruptions by fuel-cycle-related accidents.
Two-Beam Modulation Instability in Noninstantaneous Nonlinear Media

The development of modulation instability for two beams copropagating in a medium with noninstantaneous nonlinear response is investigated. The frequency dependence of the experimentally observed spectral broadening reveals the presence of two-beam coupling, resulting from the time-delayed Raman part of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility. We present an analysis of the experimental data, which yields a value of $\ensuremath{\tau}=27(1)\text{ }\mathrm{f}\mathrm{s}$ for the lifetime of the optical phonons in silica fibers. To our knowledge, this is the first experimentally determined value for this important material parameter.
How urbanites define their neighborhoods

This paper explores the ways that residents of the Seattle metropolitan region define "neighborhood" in the abstract and their own neighborhoods in particular. On the whole, the neighborhood is regarded as a relatively limited unit, both in terms of areal size and functional relevance. Two major dimensions of neighborhood definition are evident. Individuals tend to define neighborhood primarily in terms of either human interaction or pure space, and they also differ in their views on its geographic size and institutional development. The two dimensions of definition are shown to vary with patterns of local activity, social-demographic characteristics, and the physical environment. While only a small proportion of the variation in responses is explained, the results suggest that neighborhood definitions are rational responses to the social and physical position of the respondent within urban society.
CONTACT PROBLEMS AND DUAL VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY OF 2-D ELASTOPLASTIC BEAM THEORY

In order to study the frictional contact problems of the elastoplastic beam theory, an extended two-dimensional beam model is established, and a second order nonlinear equilibrium problem with both internal and external complementarity conditions is proposed. The external complementarity condition provides the free boundary condition, while the internal complementarity condition gives the interface of the elastic and plastic regions. We prove that this bicomplementarity problem is equivalent to a nonlinear variational inequality. The dual variational inequality is also developed. It is shown that the dual variational inequality is much easier than the primal variational problem. Application to limit analysis is illustrated.
Similarities and Differences among Leaders and Followers

(1964). Similarities and Differences among Leaders and Followers. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 161-167.
Uninsurance, Underinsurance, and Health Care Utilization in Mexico by US Border Residents

Using data from the 2008 Cross-Border Utilization of Health Care Survey, we examined the relationship between United States (US) health insurance coverage plans and the use of health care services in Mexico by US residents of the US-Mexico border region. We found immigrants were far more likely to be uninsured than their native-born counterparts (63 vs. 27.8 %). Adults without health insurance coverage were more likely to purchase medications or visit physicians in Mexico compared to insured adults. However, adults with Medicaid coverage were more likely to visit dentists in Mexico compared to uninsured adults. Improving health care access for US residents in the southwestern border region of the country will require initiatives that target not only providing coverage to the large uninsured population but also improving access to health care services for the large underinsured population.
Blood vessel tubulogenesis requires Rasip1 regulation of GTPase signaling

Cardiovascular function depends on patent blood vessel formation by endothelial cells (ECs). However, the mechanisms underlying vascular "tubulogenesis" are only beginning to be unraveled. We show that endothelial tubulogenesis requires the Ras interacting protein 1, Rasip1, and its binding partner, the RhoGAP Arhgap29. Mice lacking Rasip1 fail to form patent lumens in all blood vessels, including the early endocardial tube. Rasipl null angioblasts fail to properly localize the polarity determinant Par3 and display defective cell polarity, resulting in mislocalized junctional complexes and loss of adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Similarly, depletion of either Rasip1 or Arhgap29 in cultured ECs blocks in vitro lumen formation, fundamentally alters the cytoskeleton, and reduces integrin-dependent adhesion to ECM. These defects result from increased RhoA/ROCK/myosin II activity and blockade of Cdc42 and Rac1 signaling. This study identifies Rasip1 as a unique, endothelial-specific regulator of Rho GTPase signaling, which is essential for blood vessel morphogenesis.
NOAA Gulf of Mexico Status and Trends Program: Trace Organic Contaminant Distribution in Sediments and Oysters

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) concentrations were determined in sediment and oysters to provide information on the current status of the concentration of these contaminants in Gulf of Mexico coastal areas removed from point sources of input. Coprostanol analyses of sediments showed that anthropogenic materials are associated with the sediments at all 153 stations sampled. The levels of contaminants encountered are low compared with areas of known contamination. Average PAH concentrations are nearly the same in oysters and sediments, although the molecular weight distribution is different. Average DDT and PCB concentrations are higher by a factor of 10 to 130 in oysters as compared to sediments. Continued sampling and analyses will allow for long-term trends in the concentrations of these contaminants to be determined.
Long-term urodynamic evaluation of a continent urinary reservoir.

Abstract Objective: To characterize urodynamic changes among patients who underwent a continent urinary reservoir (Florida Pouch). Methods: Patients who had a continent urinary diversion performed between January 1988 and December 1991 were asked to undergo sequential urodynamic evaluation to compare early (≤24 mo) versus late (>24 mo) changes in reservoir function. The difference in reservoir function was evaluated by defining change in maximum enterocystometric capacity of ≥100 mL, changes in pressure of 5 cm H 2 O, changes in segmental contractions were ≥3. High pressure contractions were those ≥30 mm H 2 O. Results: Seventeen patients underwent sequential urodynamic evaluation. The mean timing of the early study was 12.2 months (range 3–24 mo). The mean timing of the late study was 47.1 months (range 30–58 mo). The mean capacity of the reservoir initially was 698 mL (range 474–1000 mL). On long-term study the mean was 793 mL (range 400–1000 mL). The capacity remained unchanged or increased in 88% of patients. The pressure within the reservoir remained unchanged in seven patients, decreased in eight, and increased in two. Segmental contractions originally occurred in 15 patients with 11 low pressure and 4 high pressure type contractions. On long-term evaluation, 13 patients demonstrated contractions with 10 low pressure and 3 high pressure in character. Of note, 75% of those with initial high pressure contractions had no (1) or low pressure (2) contractions on subsequent evaluation. Conclusion: In long-term urodynamic evaluation of the continent urinary reservoir the reservoir capacity remained unchanged or increased in 88% of patients, while reservoir pressure remained unchanged or decreased in 88%. This long-term evaluation, therefore, demonstrates the continent urinary reservoir to be a low pressure system of adequate capacity thereby minimizing the risk of reflux.
19A. Practical Strategies for Integrating Ayurvedic Therapies Into the Integrative Medicine Clinical Encounter

Focus Area: Experiential Workshop The 3 Ayurvedic clinicians presenting this experiential session have delivered Ayurvedic medicine in diverse settings, including: a conventional managed care network using a group clinic format; with research participants at an academic medicine center; and in private practice. The 3 presenting Ayurvedic clinicians have approximately 50 years' combined experience practicing Ayurvedic medicine and have developed strategies for overcoming logistical and cultural challenges in working with patients. Ayurveda can be accessed for both acute and chronic conditions and includes multitarget therapies tailored to the unique constitution/imbalance profile of each patient, while accounting for any biomedical diagnoses. The focus of Ayurveda goes beyond symptom alleviation to the identification of the root cause of the imbalance and eventual resolution of the disorder. Ayurveda has a primary focus on modification of the diet and daily routine of the individual in an effort to create sustainable lifestyle change to promote overall health and prevent comorbid conditions. Ayurvedic clinicians also use herbal supplements, medicated oils, and hands-on manual therapies, as well as detoxification and rejuvenation therapies, to enhance healing holistically and synergistically and to create a state of durable well-being. The presenters of this workshop will focus on 3 key areas of Ayurvedic clinical practice: (1) Ayurvedic diet, daily routine, and yoga therapy (JR); (2) herbal therapies and home detoxification regimens (CE); and (3) manual therapies and Ayurvedic acupressure points (PV). Participants in the workshop will have the opportunity to (1) sample some simple medicinal teas and experience Ayurvedic dietary theory according to food qualities; (2) experience the effects of simple Ayurvedic breathing techniques and therapeutic yoga poses; and (3) participate in a basic demonstration of Ayurvedic manual therapies and acupressure.
Fabrication of highly electrically conducting fine patterns via substrate-independent inkjet printing of mussel-inspired organic nano-material

We report the inkjet printing of an aqueous suspension of synthesized mussel-inspired poly(dopamine) nanoparticles. Fine lines of printed nanoparticles were deposited on both glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates by exploiting the coffee ring effect. Deposited particles were then used for site-selective silver metallization via a simple electroless plating process at controlled temperature (30 °C) and plating time (12 min to 120 min). The resulting narrow lines of silver exhibited a resistivity 10× that of bulk silver. Lines on PET retained good electrical and adhesion performance even after prolonged bending tests. This technique satisfies general requirements of flexible electronics manufacturing – low temperature, low cost, small feature size and good electrical conductivity independent of substrate material.
Reexamining the causality of causal attributions in depression: A failure to replicate

In 1981, Golin, Sweeney, and Shaeffer found an association between attributional style and subsequent depression, using a cross-lag panel design. This finding is widely viewed as showing that attributional tendencies exert a unidirectional causal influence on the development of depressed affect. This article reports a failure to obtain a comparable result from a very similar study.
Bivariate extension of the Pickands–Balkema–de Haan theorem

Abstract We prove a two-dimensional version of the famous Pickands–Balkema–de Haan theorem of extreme value theory. The bivariate random variables are generated using the copula language. This representation of dependence structures allows to derive asymptotic results for bivariate excess distributions.
Soviet marketing issues: A content analysis of Pravda

Abstract The results are reported of a content analysis of marketing and marketing-related items appearing in Pravda over the five-year period January 1, 1977 to December 21, 1981. References are analyzed by topic, the likely reasons for current Soviet interest in marketing are explored, and attention is directed to those marketing-mix decisions and issues of concern.
Effect of synthetic steroid or phenanthrene compounds upon weight gain and feed efficiency of rats.

SummaryStudies have been made of the effects of feeding 2 compounds, Ro-2-7239 (2-acetyl −7 - oxo −1,2,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a -dodecahydrophenanthrene) or SC −6582 (17α - methyl −17 - hydroxy −5(10) - es-tren-3-one), to rats at levels of .75, 1.0, 1.5, or 3.0 μg/g of diet. Equalized or ad libitum feeding was employed with weanling or young adult normal or castrate males or normal females. Compound Ro-2-7239, but not compound SC-6582, significantly inhibited both weight gain and feed efficiency in normal male rats. No significant changes in response to either compound were noted in castrate males or normal females. Compound SC-6582 at the 3 μg/g level, but not compound Ro-2-7239, produced significant increases in size of adrenals in normal male rats. Neither compound at the 3 μg/g level produced significant alteration in size of pituitary, thyroid, testes, or of uterus.
SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND TRAFFIC NOISE: A Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

: The authors monitored road traffic noise and surveyed public attitudes in Riyadh, the most rapidly developing urban area in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The specific aims of their study were to measure the levels of traffic noise along heavily traveled arterial roadways, to determine the attitudes of individuals exposed to traffic noise, and to determine the degree of association between noise and social attitudes. The feasibility of implementing a traffic noise control policy, based on the findings of the study, is discussed.
Anaphylactoid reactions in hemodialysis patients treated with the AN69 dialyzer

Anaphylactoid reactions in hemodialysis patients treated with the AN69 dialyzer. During an 11 week period (May to July, 1990), we observed six anaphylactoid reactions (AR) in six different hemodialysis patients occurring at the onset of treatment with a new AN69 hollow-fiber dialyzer. Four patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation and one of these expired. Four patients were also receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor while the other two were not on medication known to affect the renin-angiotensin system. Only patients treated with AN69 dialyzers were affected. A review of the literature indicated that out of 1087 patients reported, 72 patients were on the combination of an AN69 dialyzer and ACE inhibitor therapy and 41 (57%) demonstrated AR. Only two patients (0.4%; both from our series) treated with an AN69 dialyzer without ACE inhibitor therapy developed AR. AR did not occur in patients treated with a variety of other dialyzers during this 11 week period, with or without ACE inhibition. Possible causes for AR are discussed and include: (1.) blood-AN69 membrane interaction leading to the production of bradykinin and other vasodilators, the breakdown of which may be delayed by the presence of ACE inhibitors; (2.) hypersensitivity to ethylene oxide; (3.) passage of bacterial products from dialysate to blood; (4.) changes in membrane manufacturing specifications. Recommendations are proposed for the prevention and treatment of AR.
Negative-Ion Capture by Vortex Lines in Helium II

We have studied negative-ion absorption by rotating He II from 0.98\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements of vortex-line capture cross sections are reported as a function of temperature (0.98\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 1.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at three electric fields (16.3, 49.0, and 97.9 V/cm) and as a function of electric field (10 to 200 V/cm) at two temperatures. Great care was taken to insure that the reported cross-section values were not affected by space-charge effects. The results are found in good agreement with the ion-capture theories developed by Donnelly and Roberts. The decrease in cross section above 1.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is in agreement with the escape calculation of Parks and Donnely and supports their value of 15.96 \AA{} for the negative-ion radius.
Treatment of patient with severe steroid-dependent Crohn's disease with nonelemental formula diet. Identification of possible etiologic dietary factor.

Les auteurs presentent le cas d'un patient de 35 ans atteint depuis 15 ans d'une maladie de Crohn, corticodependant. Une poussee traitee par un regime par voie enterale entraina une remission totale et par la suite permit l'identification d'un aliment dont la suppression entraina une remission au long cours. Cet exemple permet de suggerer une etiologie de la maladie de Crohn et ouvre une nouvelle perspective therapeutique
Enhancement Programs for Entering University Majority and Minority Freshmen

In this study the authors evaluated the relative effects of two enhancement programs for minority and White entering freshmen. Minorities had greater satisfaction ratings and awareness of individual differences. Students showed improved adjustment regardless of treatment condition, suggesting comparable effects for a 10-week classroom-structured adjustment program.
High-Performance Vehicle Streams: Communication and Control Architecture

This paper presents the overall framework for high-performance vehicle streams that integrates the transportation and the communication layered architectures together. It shows the process in establishing an infrastructure for high-performance vehicles and the theoretical development and deployment of cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) for heterogeneous vehicles that is integrated with lateral control. The system is designed to be fault tolerant and uses the concept of subplatoons. Our framework is based on integrating a transportation layered architecture with the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) communication protocol.
The Van der Waals Free Energy of an Oil-Water Pair in a Multilayer

Abstract An expression for the van der Waals free energy of an oil–water multilayer per one pair of oil–water lamellae is derived in the hypothesis of pairwise additivity. The formula has the expected symmetry in the thicknesses of both kinds of layers. This expression takes into account the interactions between the layers of the same kind and those of a different kind, as well as the intrinsic free energies of the layers. Such an expression can be useful in the thermodynamic treatment of lamellar liquid crystals.
Analysis of protein incorporation of radioactive isotopes in the Chinese hamster ovary cell cycle by electronic sorting and gel microelectrophoresis

The patterns of [3H]-leucine and [32P]-phosphate incorporation of proteins extracted with varying molarities of sodium chloride were analyzed from nuclei physically sorted from six fluorescence windows after propidium iodine staining of the G0 + G1 and G2 + M phases of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cycle. Eight hundred nanograms of protein were used in each electrophoretic analysis obtained from 200,000 nuclei, a portion of the sample, from each window. Autoradiography was performed in a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel ultra-microelectrophoresis apparatus (UMEA) designed and fabricated in this laboratory. There was a net reduction and/or loss of [3H]-leucine- and [32P]-phosphate-labeled protein regions from the autoradiographs occurring primarily in the G2 + M phase. Two phosphorylated proteins that were stage specific were observed in partitions of the G2 + M phase. The use of isolated proteins and the coelectrophoresis of these markers demonstrated the similarity in mobility of a number of proteins seen in the autoradiographs of proteins extracted with high and low salt molarities and implied they are synonymous. Coelectrophoresis indicated that a substantial number of high molecular weight proteins that decreased or disappeared at late stages of G2 + M and early mitosis were composed, in part, of nucleolar proteins.
Molecular clocks : four decades of evolution

During the past four decades, the molecular-clock hypothesis has provided an invaluable tool for building evolutionary timescales, and has served as a null model for testing evolutionary and mutation rates in different species. Molecular clocks have also influenced the development of theories of molecular evolution. As DNA-sequencing technologies have progressed, the use of molecular clocks has increased, with a profound effect on our understanding of the temporal diversification of species and genomes.
Microchrysa flaviventris (Wiedemann), a New Immigrant Soldier Fly in the United States (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Microchrysa flaviventris (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae: Sarginae), a species widespread in the Old World, is reported from North America for the first time. Apparently it is established in the eastern United States. Specimens were taken in Alexandria, Virginia in August 2007.
On the relationship of brain vasculature to production of neurological deficit and morphological changes following acute unilateral common carotid artery ligation in gerbils

The known susceptibility of the Mongolian gerbil to cerebral infarction following unilateral carotid artery ligation has been attributed in the past to the demonstrated absences of an anastomotic supply between the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. In a study of 34 adult gerbils exposed to such a procedure, 11, or 33%, developed severe neurological sequelae and succumbed to the procedure in less than 30 hr, whereas 23 animals survived with only minor or transient neurological signs. All animals displayed the expected lack of an anastomosis between the anterior and posterior circulations, but in addition the animals which survived the procedure were found to have a prominent early cross-connection between the anterior cerebral arteries, whereas the animals which succumbed had no such connection. Neuropathological changes in susceptible animals were apparent as early as 3 and one-half hr after ligation and consisted of edema, initially perivascular and then intraneuronal, slowed by acute necrosis. A variety of other vascular anomalies was encountered. We conclude that the peculiar susceptibility of Mongolian gerbils to cerebral infarction following acute unilateral common carotid artery ligation is not related primarily to lack o adequate collaterals between the anterior and the anterior cerebral arteries, but to the degree of adequate adequacy of communication between the anterior cerebral arteries. The critical difference may be more one of degree, i.e. the point at which the medial branches of the anterior cerebral artery fust to become anazygos vessel, rather than an actual difference in the pattern of distribution of the anterior cerebral arteries. The presence of other variation in vascular supply in a relatively small series suggests that results of similar studies of infarction and response to treatment be interpreted with caution.
SELF-ORGANIZED SHORT-TERM MEMORIES

We report short-term memory formation in a nonlinear dynamical system with many degrees of freedom. The system ``remembers'' a sequence of impulses for a transient period, but it coarsens and eventually ``forgets'' nearly all of them. The memory duration increases as the number of degrees of freedom in the system increases. We demonstrate the existence of these transient memories in a laboratory experiment.
Neurodevelopmental and medical outcomes of persistent pulmonary hypertension in term newborns treated with nitric oxide

Abstract Objective: To determine the medical and neurodevelopmental outcome of children with moderately severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) treated with or without inhaled nitric oxide (I-NO). Study design: Term infants with PPHN and a baseline oxygenation index of 24 ± 9 at study entry were randomly assigned to early treatment with placebo or initial doses of I-NO (5, 20, and 80 ppm). Outcome was measured at ~1 year by frequency of hospitalization, growth, and neurodevelopmental and audiologic evaluation. Results: Of 155 children enrolled, 144 survived, and there was follow-up for 133. No significant differences between the placebo and the I-NO groups were seen in any long-term outcome. Rehospitalization occurred in 22%, and growth did not differ. The composite neurodevelopment and audiologic outcome showed impairment in 46% of the infants. There were major neurologic abnormalities in 13%, cognitive delays in 30%, and hearing loss in 19% of the infants. Conclusions: Moderately severe PPHN at 24 hours after birth is associated with high rates of rehospitalization and disability at 1 year. Adverse outcomes were the same in I-NO and control groups. (J Pediatr 2002;140:306-10)
Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW)—active and passive methods

The conventional seismic approaches for near-surface investigation have usually been either high-resolution reflection or refraction surveys that deal with a depth range of a few tens to hundreds meters. Seismic signals from these surveys consist of wavelets with frequencies higher than 50 Hz. The multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method deals with surface waves in the lower frequencies (e.g., 1–30 Hz) and uses a much shallower depth range of investigation (e.g., a few to a few tens of meters).
Partition relations for uncountable ordinals

Partition relations of the form α→(α,m)2, where α is an ordinal andm is a positive integer, are considered. Let κ be a cardinal. The following are proved: If κ is singular and 2K=K + then (K+)2↛((K+)2,3)2. If κ is a strong limit cardinal, then2, iff ((cfκ)2→((cfκ)2,m)2. If κ is regular and K2→(K2,3)2, then the κ-Souslin hypothesis holds. If Kω ω, then α↛(α,3)2.
An oscillating bubble technique to determine surfactant mass transfer kinetics

Abstract In this paper, an oscillating bubble method is introduced as a spherical analog of the longitudinal wave method. In the longitudinal wave method, amplitude ratios and phase angles between surface tension variations at two locations on the interface are related to the surfactant mass transfer kinetics. In the analogous oscillating bubble method, by forcing small-amplitude radial perturbations about an equilibrium base state, and measuring the phase angle between the bubble radius and the gas phase pressure, the surfactant diffusion and sorption kinetics can be determined. In this communication, data are presented for n-decanol at the aqueous-gas interface. The phase angle is measured as a function of bulk concentration and forcing frequency. By minimizing the error between theoretical and experimental phase angle profiles, the diffusivity and desorption coefficients of n-decanol are obtained.
A syndrome associated with extreme hyperuricemia in leukemia

A syndrome consisting of anorexia, nausea, persistent vomiting, extreme weakness,and lethargy is described in children with acute leukemia. Two of these children developed coma and convulsions. All of the patients had extreme elevation of the serum uric acid ranging from 20 to 55 mg. per cent. The evidence indicating that uric acid plays an important role in the production of this syndrome has been reviewed. It is postulated that this syndrome is due to the extreme hyperuricemia and can be differentiated from other complications of acute leukemia.
A rate equation formalism for electron and phonon dynamics in undoped quantum wells

A theoretical investigation of the electron and phonon dynamics during intersubband transitions in undoped multiple GaAs‐AlxGa1−xAs quantum well structures is presented within a rate equation formulation where particle and energy flow equations are derived from Boltzmann’s equation using Fermi statistics. This work focuses upon the role played by quantized polar optical phonons known as slab modes and interface modes. Photoexcited carrier behavior is analyzed in relation with recent Raman measurements and shows time constants for electron relaxation in agreement with experimental data.
A survey of educational provisions for young gifted children in the United States, and of studies and problems related thereto.

(1949). A Survey of Educational Provisions for Young Gifted Children in the United States, and of Studies and Problems Related Thereto. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 3-19.
Classroom Demonstration of Behavioral Effects of the Split-Brain Operation

This article presents a method for simulating the behavior and perceptual deficits demonstrated by patients who have undergone the split-brain, or commissurotomy, surgical procedure. The volunteers...
RNA-protein complexes mediate in vitro capping of the spliced-leader primary transcript and U-RNAs in Trypanosoma cruzi.

Abstract A 39-nucleotide spliced leader (SL) is joined to the 5' ends of trypanosome mRNAs in a bimolecular or trans-splicing process. The SL in Trypanosoma cruzi is transcribed as an approximately 110-nucleotide RNA (SL-RNA or SL primary transcript) bearing the 39-nucleotide SL at the 5' end. The SL-RNA is 5' capped by a guanylyltransferase activity prior to trans-splicing and trypanosome mRNAs thus obtain their mature caps from the SL by trans-splicing. We have previously characterized a guanylyltransferase activity from T. cruzi nuclear extracts and shown that this capping activity has an unusual ATP dependence and an apparent specificity for the SL-RNA and U-RNAs. Herein, we show that the capping activity sediments as a 12-15S particle during velocity sedimentation in glycerol gradients and fractionates as a greater than 150-kDa particle during large-pore gel filtration chromatography. Moreover, the endogenous substrate RNAs--the SL-RNA and U-RNAs--consistently copurify with the capping activity, suggesting that the activity and the substrates form a ribonucleoprotein particle. The capping activity and substrate RNAs are not dissociated in isopycnic Cs2SO4 gradients and band at a density expected for an RNA-protein complex, confirming the existence of ribonucleoprotein particles bearing both the activity and its substrate RNAs. Finally, we partially purified these ribonucleoprotein particles and showed that the capping activity remains ATP dependent and highly specific for the SL-RNA and the U-RNAs. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that one of the functions of trans-splicing is for mRNA capping.
Singular finite element efficiency in estimating stress intensity factors

Singular finite element displacement functions for linear elastic fracture mechanics applications are investigated. The displacement fields are expressed in terms of polynomials. These polynomials are expanded in varying degrees of r and θ in order to examine the effect of the number and type of terms on the solution to various problems with known solutions. Methods of estimating the stress intensity factors for mode 1 and mode 2 are presented. Numerical results evaluating the effect of various r and θ terms on the solutions are presented.
Unsupervised context estimation in a mesh of pattern classes for image recognition

Abstract This paper defines a wide class of models for the statistical dependency of class labels (context) in a neighborhood within an image. A computationally efficient closed form estimator for these context defining parameters is developed. The estimator is unbiased, convergent in the mean square sense, and can be recursively implemented. Parameters of several practical context models within the class of models are estimated as functions of the estimates of the parameters in the general model. The appropriate model can also be decided with the help of the context parameter estimates. Applications of the estimator in existing context classifiers are mentioned. A limitation of the estimator is also pointed out. Iterative approaches for decision making in Markov models are outlined to highlight the use of our estimator to ensure the convergence of iterative decisions to a local optimum.
Life History Evolution in Amphicarpic Plants

Plants with dimorphic flowers or seeds provide excellent material for the study of life history evolution because the dimorphism often involves measurable differences in morphology, size, number, or genetic relatedness. For amphicarpic plants, the proportion of aerial: subterranean morphs produced is highly variable (from 0 to > 100) and related to both environmental and genetic factors. Plants from aerial seeds produce lower ratios of aerial: subterranean morphs than those from subterranean seeds. Despite substantial variation, subterranean seeds are generally heavier than aerial seeds (but fewer) and produce vigorous seedlings with high survivorship and high fitness. Adaptive advantages of subterranean seeds include retention of offspring in favorable parental microhabitats, protection of seeds from herbivory, predation, or fire, and avoidance of desiccating conditions on the soil surface; potential disadvantages include lack of gene exchange, high energy costs, limited dispersal, and sibling competition. For the few species studied, aerial reproduction is more plastic than subterranean reproduction and more likely to be affected by environmental conditions. Quantitative genetic analyses of a population of the annual grass Amphicarpum purshii have revealed lower heritabilites for subterranean relative to aerial reproductive traits. Subterranean seed number and mass show genetic correlations with shoot mass while aerial seed number and mass do not; seed set percentages of both seed types as well as percentage allocation to both reproductive morphs show negative genetic correlations with shoot mass. In this Amphicarpum population, directional selection on shoot mass may indirectly select for increased subterranean (but not aerial) seed output.
Human factors survey of advanced instrumentation and controls technologies in nuclear plants

Abstract A survey of advanced instrumentation and controls (I&C) technologies and associated human factors issues in the nuclear industry was conducted. The objective of the survey was to provide background for the development of regulatory policy, criteria, and guides for review of advanced I&C systems as well as human engineering guidelines for evaluating these systems. The survey was administered at five U.S. nuclear utilities, two advanced reactor and three light water reactor (LWR) vendors, and a Canadian utility and vendor. The results appear to indicate that the nuclear industry has addressed a number of the human factors concerns and potential problems discussed during the survey. It has started to seriously consider the human factors implications of the introduction of advanced I&C into the control room. There are, however, a number of safety-related human factors issues that still need to be investigated. They include: Is an advanced I&C guideline for the interface of the human with displays and controls needed? What changes will there be in the role of the control room operator? The potential problem of information overload needs to be addressed. How should existing training technology be made applicable for advanced I&C? How will operator acceptance and trust be accomplished?
A general program for computer plotting of Mohr's circle

Abstract In this paper, the development of a general computer program for plotting two-dimensional Mohr's circle is reported. Utilizing the modern computer plotting equipment, this program can be adapted as a teaching aid for the mechanics courses and can be employed for engineering analysis in practical design of structural and machine elements. Built-in provisions in the program include self-adjustable annotations of arrowing, numbering and scaling so that the plot will be drawn on a standard 8 1 2 in. × 11 in. paper. Sample plots are presented along with the data cards required as input for the program. Other engineering applications of the program are also mentioned.
RBE of CF-252 neutrons by mouse testes weight loss

Mouse testes weight decreased with increasing radiation dose following exposure to Cf-252 and its mixed neutron plus gamma radiation. The dose response for low dose rate (LDR) Cf-252 followed two components on an exponential plot of log percent weight loss vs. dose. Similar dose-response relationships were observed for acute 60Co or LDR Cs-137 radiations, but these required much larger doses to produce the same effect. The RBE was calculated against acute 60Co and Cs-137. There were no differences between acute 60Co and LDR Cs-137 effects. Cf-252 neutron RBE (n + gamma) was 3.7 for testes weight loss. RBEn for the neutrons-only was 5.1 RBE for the radiosensitive portion was 4.0.
Emulsion copolymerization of azeotropic styrene‐acrylonitrile monomer mixture in polystyrene seed latexes

The azeotropic 80:20 styrene-acrylonitrile mixture was polymerized in 190nm- and 300nm-diameter monodisperse polystyrene seed latexes by batch, batch-with-equilibrium-swelling, and semi-continuous polymerization. Polystyrene seed latexes were used to determine the degree of grafting of the substrate as well as the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The Arrhenius plot of log (polymerization rate) of the seeded batch copolymerizations with reciprocal temperature comprised two linear regions with a sharp inflection point at 65°C. Specific volume measurements showed that the Tg of the monomer-swollen styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer was also 65°C. The final latex comprised the original seed particles grown to a larger size and, in some cases, a new crop of particles formed during the polymerization. The critical factor determining the formation of new particles was the surface area of the seed latex: at or above 226 m2/dl, new particles were not formed; at or below 179 m2/dl, a new crop of particles was nucleated, the number increasing with decreasing surface area. The degree of grafting of the polystyrene seed substrate was greater for the smaller particle size seed latex, and increased exponentially with increasing seed surface area. The amount of grafted styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer determined the stability of the grafted particles in acetone, a good solvent for the copolymer. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy showed that the continuous phase was either the polystyrene substrate (Tg 104°C) or the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer phase (Tg 120°C) except where the degree of grafting was high, in which case, the Tg was intermediate between the two values. Electron microscopy of thin film sections stained with ruthenium tetroxide confirmed which phase was continuous and showed interpenetrating networks for those systems of intermediate Tg.
A generalization of renewal processes

We present a non-stationary generalization of renewal processes, using the ideas of renewal theory. We show that a renewal-type integral equation that arises in this generalization has a unique solution. We also discuss some applications.
Precambrian-Cambrian transition: Death Valley, United States: Comment and Reply

[Corsetti and Hagadorn (2000)][1] presented welcome carbon isotope data for two Precambrian-Cambrian transition sections from Death Valley. They argued that these data provide a “critical link toward our understanding of the correlation between siliciclastic-dominated and carbonate-dominated
The equivalence of certain categories of twisted Lie and Hopf algebras over a commutative ring

The category of connected, twisted Lie algebras over a commutative ring R, which includes ordinary connected graded Lie algebras over R, is shown to be equivalent via an enveloping construction to a category of ‘connected R∑∗-Hopf algebras with commutative comultiplication’. Along the way, a PBW-like decomposition is obtained for the enveloping object of any connected, twisted Lie algebra, and free twisted Lie algebras are shown to admit an R-module basis of simple (left-normed) brackets of generators.