cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging and volumetry of giant left atrial myxomas.

WO CASES IN WHICH real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) was able to accurately depict a giant atrial myxoma showing prolapse into the left ventricle with resultant ventricular inflow obstruction are reported. Volumetric calculation of these masses using 3D techniques was more accurate than traditional 2-dimensional approaches when compared with ex vivo volumetric measurements by water displacement. These cases show the efficacy and potential usefulness of RT-3D TEE in cardiac surgery. CASE REPORT
Microbial Symbiosis: Patterns of Diversity in the Marine Environment

SYNOPSIS. Symbiotic associations expand both the diversity of potential ecological niches and metabolic capabilities of the host—symbiont combinations. Symbioses can also be considered to have evolutionary potential in that the partnership can result in a “new organism.” Associations between chemoautotrophic bacteria and marine invertebrates, discovered only 10 years ago, are now found widely in nature, in habitats ranging from deep-sea hydrothermal vents to coastal sediments. Here I review chemoautotroph—invertebrate associations and discuss the benefits inferred for both partners with regard to the diversity of these symbioses in nature.
Silicon power rectifier equipments

A NOTABLE newcomer in the power rectifier field is the silicon power rectifier cell capable of handling, in some applications, power outputs up to 10,000 watts each. This paper illustrates one method of using silicon power rectifier cells in an equipment with an industrial rating of 300 kw at 250 volts and with overload duty of 125% for 2 hours and 200% for 1 minute. A review of the components, equipment design, and operating performance is presented along with general rules and their application to equipment protection.
Hepatic microsomal composition studies in the Gunn rat

Abstract The homozygous jaundiced (jj) Gunn rat exhibits hepatic microsomal enzyme activities which vary from markedly decreased to normal when compared with the non-jaundiced (JJ) Gunn rat. In order to determine if an alteration in microsomal lipid might be related to these observations, cholesterol, phospholipid, fatty acid and fluorescence polarization determinations were carried out in Gunn rats of both genotypes. Significant differences in microsomal palmitic, stearic and arachidonic acid composition were present, but these were not striking. Fluorescence polarization data best fit a two-phase linear model for both genotypes with no significant differences in breakpoint temperatures. In jj rats, the anisotrophy parameter (( r 0 r ) −1 −1 ) was significantly greater than that seen in JJ rats at both 25 and 37°C, indicating a decreased membrane fluidity in the juandiced animals. Alterations in enzyme microenvironment due to subtle changes in lipid composition may be related to the different enzyme activities observed in Gunn rats.
Analysis of Latency and Related Tradeoffs in Distribute Sensor Networks

Consider a sensor network model in which nodes jointly detect an event and report related information to the "sink node". In this paper, we address the problem of finding analytical estimates for the average delay (called latency) incurred in reporting the sensed event to the sink. We consider an application model wherein events occur as a Poisson process in time, with the location of the event being uniform throughout the deployment area. We further assume that sensor nodes go to sleep and wake up independently, the sleep - wake up transition occurring as a Markov process. For such a model, we obtain analytical bounds for the average latency for reporting an event, as a function of the location of the event with respect to the sink, as well as a function of several network parameters such as network size, radio range, data rate, duty cycle ratio and wireless bandwidth. We provide detailed analysis and simulation results for the case when nodes are deployed in a regular gridlike fashion, and a detailed sketch of similar analysis for uniform random deployment.
Effect of phospholipids on fluorescence polarization and lifetimes of fluorescein-labeled phospholipase A2.

Phospholipids and divalent metal ions induce changes in the fluorescence polarization of fluorescein-labeled phospholipase A2 from the Indian cobra (Hazlett, T.L. and Dennis, E.A. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 6152-6158) which may be indicative of enzyme aggregation. Lifetimes and rotational correlation times of the conjugate in the presence of these and other ligands are now reported. The correlation times of monomeric phospholipase A2 were shorter than expected for a hydrated, 13,000 molecular weight protein, indicating a high degree of probe mobility. The increase in the enzyme correlation time upon phospholipid addition was found to be consistent with the formation of a phospholipase A2 dimer or higher-order aggregate. It was found that activator lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, increase the correlation time and probably the size of the enzyme, while nonactivator lipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, did so to a lesser extent. This suggests a possible link between aggregation and phosphatidylcholine-induced activation of this enzyme.
Mapping of senescent cell antigen on brain anion exchanger protein (AE) isoforms using HPLC and fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry (FAB-MS).

Molecular recognition of senescent cells involves oxidation of a crucial membrane protein leading to generation of a neoantigen, called ‘senescent cell antigen’ (SCA), and binding of physiologic autoantibodies. These IgG autoantibodies trigger macrophage removal of the cell prior to its lysis at a time when anion transport has decreased but the membrane is still grossly intact. The neoantigen SCA is generated by oxidation of a major anion transport protein called band 3 or anion exchange protein. In this study, we use IgG physiologic autoantibodies from senescent red cells to isolate SCA from brain, and HPLC and fast atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) to compare brain SCA to band 3. HPLC peptide maps of band 3 and SCA showed substantial homology, suggesting that SCA is a subset of band 3, and includes an estimated ≥45% of the band 3 molecule. FAB-MS results indicate that residues matching all three band 3 isoforms (AE1, AE2 and AE3) are detected in SCA fractions. These findings suggest that other isoforms of band 3 may undergo the same aging changes that AE1 on red blood cells undergoes to generate SCA. This provides confirmation that SCA is on non-erythroid cell types. Implications of these studies to the generation of neoantigens by oxidation and their recognition by autoantibodies to them are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of English fluency among Hmong refugees in Minnesota: a longitudinal study.

The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with later acquisition of English language fluency among Hmong refugees in Minnesota. Fluency in a society's lingua franca is a critical skill in psychosocial adaptation and mental health. A longitudinal study design was used, in which premigration and early postmigration factors were related to subsequent English fluency. The first group of 102 Hmong refugees located in Minnesota by the Immigration and Naturalization Service participated, and were interviewed in their homes. Hmong research assistants collected data using a questionnaire format at 1.5 years following resettlement in the U.S. Eight years later, two measures of English language competence were obtained: a self-assessment and an objective measure of English language fluency. Self-assessed fluency and performance on a brief English test showed good correlation. Greater English fluency on both measures was predicted by the following: younger age, male gender, education or vocational training in Laos prior to migration, occupation in Laos requiring literacy, study of English while in Asia, less proximity to other Hmong households in the U.S., any educational involvement in the U.S. (except English as a second language or ESL training), and not receiving welfare. Self-assessment of English fluency appeared to be a valid measure of competence in English. Demographic characteristics, certain premigration experiences, and early postmigration experiences predicted English fluency after 10 years in the U.S. ESL training was not associated with eventual English fluency on either self-assessment or objective testing. Recommendations are made to enhance English fluency, and hence the psychosocial adaptation of refuguees and other immigrants to the U.S.
Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: long-range glial signaling

The finding that astrocytes possess glutamate-sensitive ion channels hinted at a previously unrecognized signaling role for these cells. Now it is reported that cultured hippocampal astrocytes can respond to glutamate with a prompt and oscillatory elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium, visible through use of the fluorescent calcium indicator fluo-3. Two types of glutamate receptor--one preferring quisqualate and releasing calcium from intracellular stores and the other preferring kainate and promoting surface-membrane calcium influx--appear to be involved. Moreover, glutamate-induced increases in cytoplasmic free calcium frequently propagate as waves within the cytoplasm of individual astrocytes and between adjacent astrocytes in confluent cultures. These propagating waves of calcium suggest that networks of astrocytes may constitute a long-range signaling system within the brain.
Shifts in Response-Reward Interval and its Effect upon Response Speed:

Previous studies (Lipsitt, Castaneda, & Kemble, 1959; Rieber, 1961) have demonstrated that delay of reward retards the response speed of children in instrumental conditioning situations. In one of these studies (Rieber, 1961) children learned to press a lever at the onset of a stimulus light, and response speed was used as the measure of performance. The effect of delay was shown to be more detrimental when the light remained on during the delay interval. It was concluded that the presence of the stimulus during the delay interval facilitated the association of extraneous responses with it and that these responses competed with the appropriate lever-pressing response. The present study is concerned with determining the effects on children's response speed of shifting the reward conditions from immediate to delayed and from delayed to immediate. One of the two experimental groups was trained with immediate reward and switched to delay; the other group was trained with delay and switched to immediate. Two additional groups served as controls. One of these was kept on immediate reward and the other was kept on delayed reward throughout all the trials. If the major effect of delay is to associate competing responses with the conditioned stimulus (CS), then the group switched from delayed to immediate reward should show a gradual improvement and approach the performance of the immediate reward control group, as the competing responses became extinguished. The group switched from immediate to delayed reward should demonstrate a gradual decrement and approach the performance of the delayed reward control group as competing responses were gradually learned and came ro be elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
Philosophical Cosmology in Judaism

In this paper I shall examine the philosophical cosmology of medieval Jewish thinkers as developed against the backdrop of their views on time and creation. I shall concentrate upon the Neoplatonic and Aristotelian traditions, with a particular eye to the interweaving of astronomy, cosmology and temporality. This interweaving occurs in part because of the influence of Greek cosmological and astronomical texts upon Jewish philosophers. The tension between astronomy and cosmology is best seen in Maimonides' discussion of creation. Gersonides, on the other hand, is more willing to incorporate astronomical material into his cosmological thinking. By examining these motifs, we shall arrive at a greater understanding of the dimension of temporality within Jewish philosophy.
Cephradine and cefazolin plasma levels during cardiac surgery

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was carried out to evaluate two prophylactic regimes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Antibiotic plasma levels were measured in fifty consecutive adult patients undergoing valve and coronary surgery. They were divided into two comparable groups of 25 patients, each matched in age, sex, type of operation and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. Group 1 received 1 g of cephradine with the anaesthetic premedication, 1 g in the prime of the oxygenator and 1 g every six hours during the first 72 hours of the postoperative course. Group 2 received cefazolin following the same protocol except that they received 1 g every eight hours during the postoperative course.There were no allergic or toxic reactions and no infections up to two months follow-up in both groups. Antibiotic plasma levels were significantly higher (p < 0·001) in the cefazolin group in four out of five sampling periods. Antibiotic plasma levels for group 1 versus gro...
Predicting Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) Distributions: Broad-Ranging Versus Patchily Distributed Species Using a Presence-Only Environmental Niche Modeling Technique

ABSTRACT. Locality data available for many, if not most, species of Neotropical frogs are based on written descriptions of the collecting sites, not on GPS device determined coordinate data. The pre-GPS device data are imprecise relative to GPS data. Niche modeling is a powerful technique for predicting geographic distributions that provides the best results when the locality data are precise. The purpose of this study is to determine whether imprecise historical locality data are sufficient such that niche modeling techniques can yield realistic new insights to species-level distributions. Two sets of frogs of the genus Leptodactylus that have known different kinds of distributions are evaluated: two species with broad, presumably continuous distributions, and four species known to occur in patchy, disjunct habitats in South America. BIOCLIM, a presence-only environmental niche modeling algorithm,was used to define suitable occupancy areas based on multiple sets of environmental parameters that include: ...
Effect of Tumor Microenvironment Modulation on the Efficacy of Oncolytic Virus Therapy

therapy. Methods Rat glioma cells (D74/HveC) were implanted intracranially in immune-competent rats. Seven days later, the rats (groups of 3 – 7 rats) were treated with oncolytic virus (hrR3), and, 3 days later, brains were harvested for evaluation. Some rats were treated with angiostatic cRGD peptide 4 days before oncolytic virus treatment. Some rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (CPA), an immunosuppressant, 2 days before oncolytic virus treatment. Changes in tumor vascular perfusion were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging of live rats and by fluorescence microscopy of tumor sections from rats perfused with Texas red – conjugated lectin immediately before euthanasia. Leukocyte infiltration in tumors was evaluated by anti-CD45 immunohistochemistry, and the presence of oncolytic virus in tumors was evaluated by viral titration. Changes in cytokine gene expression in tumors were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction – based microarrays. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan – Meier method. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Oncolytic virus treatment of experimental rat gliomas increased tumor vascular permeability, host leukocyte infiltration into tumors, and intratumoral expression of inflammatory cytokine genes, including interferon gamma (IFN- ). The increase in vascular permeability was suppressed in rats pretreated with cyclophosphamide. Compared with rats treated with hrR3 alone, rats pretreated with a single dose of cRGD peptide before hrR3 treatment had reduced tumor vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and IFN- protein levels (mean IFN- level for hrR3 versus hrR3 + cRGD = 203 versus 65.6 µ g/mg, difference = 137 µ g/mg, 95% confidence interval = 72.7 to 202.9 µ g/mg, P = .006); increased viral titers in tumor tissue; and longer median survival (21 days versus 17 days, P <.001). Conclusions A single dose of angiostatic cRGD peptide treatment before oncolytic virus treatment enhanced the antitu
Harmonic auroral kilometric radiation of natural origin

When the ISIS 1 satellite passes through the auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) source region the sounder receiver often detects harmonic bands of radiation associated with the fundamental AKR band. These harmonic components were earlier attributed to a nonlinear instrumental response to the strong wide-band bursty AKR fundamental signal. Evidence is here presented that indicates that these harmonics are of natural origin, namely: (1) all the harmonic signals are sometimes observed to have nearly the same bandwidth, (2) when the fundamental signal has two components the harmonic signal sometimes corresponds to the weaker rather than the stronger component, (3) a weak harmonic can be observed to be associated with a weak fundamental, and (4) a 'harmonic' signal can be observed when there is no fundamental.
Beyond the Rural–Urban Dichotomy Essay in Honor of Professor A. M. Isserman

Rural and urban regions are interconnected and form one system. Changes in one region therefore also affect others. This is particularly true for a force as large and pervasive as urbanization whic...
Coriolis coupling and nonadiabaticity in chemical reaction dynamics.

The nonadiabatic quantum dynamics and Coriolis coupling effect in chemical reaction have been reviewed, with emphasis on recent progress in using the time-dependent wave packet approach to study the Coriolis coupling and nonadiabatic effects, which was done by K. L. Han and his group. Several typical chemical reactions, for example, H+D2, F+H2/D2/HD, D++H2, O+H2, and He+H2+, have been discussed. One can find that there is a significant role of Coriolis coupling in reaction dynamics for the ion-molecule collisions of D++H2, Ne+H, and He+H2+ in both adiabatic and nonadiabatic context. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Nuclear Transfer in the Rhesus Monkey: Practical and Basic Implications

In early 1997, the birth of a lamb after transfer of the nucleus from an adult mammary gland cell into an enucleated oocyte, along with the production of rhesus monkeys by nuclear transfer of embryonic cells, marked a reemergence of the field of mammalian cloning. Clonally derived rhesus monkeys would be invaluable in biomedical research, and the commercial interests in transgenic sheep and cattle propagated by cloning are substantial. Nuclear transfer technology is under consideration in human in vitro fertilization clinics to overcome infertility secondary to advanced maternal age or mitochondrial-based genetic disease. Nuclear transfer involves preparing a cytoplast as a recipient cell, in most cases a mature metaphase II oocyte from which the chromosomes have been removed. A donor nucleus cell is then placed between the zona and the cytoplast, and fusion, as well as cytoplast activation, is initiated by electrical stimulation. Successful reprogramming of the donor cell nucleus by the cytoplast is critical--a step that may be influenced by cell cycle stage. Embryos produced by nuclear transfer are cultured in vitro for several cell divisions before cryopreservation or transfer to the oviduct or uterus of a host mother. The efficiency of producing live young by nuclear transfer in domestic species is low, with a high frequency of developmental abnormalities in both preterm and term animals. However, a number of pregnancies have now been established using fetal cells as the source of donor nuclei. The use of cell lines not only allows large clone sizes but also supports the ability to genetically manipulate cells in vitro before nuclear transfer. Ongoing research focused on the production of clonally derived rhesus monkeys using fetal fibroblasts and embryonic stem cells as the source of donor nuclei will be reviewed.
Pedestrian Crash Types: 1990s Update:

A report is given on an application of the NHTSA pedestrian crashtyping system for categorizing pedestrian-motor-vehicle crashes according to the specific sequence of events leading up to individual crashes. Results are based on a recent sample of over 5,000 pedestrian crashes drawn from six states and reported by police. Over 80 percent of the pedestrian crashes fell into the following crash type categories: vehicle turn or merge (9.8 percent), intersection dash (7.2 percent), driver violation at intersection (5.1 percent), other intersection (10.1 percent), midblock dart or dash (13.3 percent), other midblock (13.1 percent), not in roadway and waiting to cross (8.6 percent), walking along roadway (7.9 percent), and backing vehicle (6.9 percent). These crash types were found to vary according to the characteristics of the pedestrian and factors of the location, environment, and roadway. The process of typing pedestrian crashes can be a valuable tool at both the state and local level for developing more h...
Multi-Chip Module Packaging For W-Band ${\rm LiNbO}_{3}$ Modulator

This letter presents ribbon bond transition of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) between two largely different dielectric constant materials, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and alumina (Al2O3). The design plays an important role in multi-chip module (MCM) integrations of optoelectronic devices on LiNbO3 for the applications of millimeter-wave to optical signal processing. The impacts of ribbon bond parameters and CPW dimensions on the transmission characteristics are investigated over 100 GHz bandwidth. Simulated results are confirmed by measurements of the fabricated device.
Cloud cover determinations with multispectral VAS observations: A two year study

The daily cloud statistics over North America from October 1985 to February 1988 were calculated from multispectral GOES/VAS observations in the CO2 absorption band at 15 microns. The CO2 technique is outlined and the mean statistics for the period are presented. The seasonal and geographical distributions of the VAS observations and diurnal changes in the cloud observations are summarized. It is found that there is a high incidence of transmissive cirrus clouds over North America and that these clouds have smaller geographical and seasonal variances than opaque clouds over the continental U.S. The possible use of multispectral techniques in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project is noted.
Long-term solar activity and terrestrial connections. Part I: theory

Abstract. The research task described herein aims at the structuring of an analytical tool that traces the time course of geophysical phenomena, regional or global, and compares it to the course of long-term solar conditions, long-term meaning decades or a few centuries. The model is based on the premise that since in a last analysis the preponderance of atmospheric, hydrospheric, and, possibly, some aspects of geospheric phenomena are, or have been, powered by energy issuing from the sun – either now or in the past, the long-term behavior of such phenomena is ultimately "connected" to long-term changes occurring in the sun itself. Accordingly, the proposed research firstly derives and models a stable surrogate pattern for the long-term solar activity, secondly introduces a transfer-function algorithm for modeling the connection between the surrogate and terrestrial phenomena viewed as partners in the connection, and thirdly probes the connection outcome for episodic or unanticipated effects that may arise due to the fact that in the present context, the connection, should it exist, is very likely nonlinear. Part I of the study presents the theory of the concept, while Part II demonstrates the concept's pertinence to a number of terrestrial phenomena. Key words. Solar activity · Kolmogorov algorithm
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation of transition to turbulence at low Reynolds numbers using a Discontinuous Galerkin method

The present work predicts the formation of laminar separation bubbles at low Reynolds numbers and the related transition to turbulence by means of Implicit Large Eddy Simulations with a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin method. The flow around an SD7003 infinite wing at an angle of attack of 4° is considered at Reynolds numbers of 10 000, 22 000, and 60 000 in order to gain insight into the characteristics of the laminar and turbulent regimes. At the lowest Reynolds number studied, the flow remains laminar and two dimensional over the wing surface, with a periodic vortex shedding. For higher Reynolds numbers, the flow is unsteady over the upper wing surface and exhibits a separation bubble along which the flow transitions to turbulence. Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves are observed in the boundary layer, and transition is found to be caused by unstable TS modes as revealed by the growth of the stream-wise amplification factor. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bounding inertial drift with human gait dynamics for personal navigation

The integration of inertial measurements to estimate position and orientation is limited in its accuracy by the biases in the inertial instruments. The gyroscopes and accelerometers used in personal navigation systems do not have extremely high fidelity. The drift in position estimates grows as the cube of time elapsed without absolute measurements such as GPS to bound it. However, one source of inertial aiding has largely been overlooked, which is the unique dynamics of gait for each individual. Based on the record of inertial measurements in walking or running, the relationships between stride length and stride interval for individuals is developed. We designed an integrated system with corrected human gait model to limit the drift of inertial integration with the assistance of this relationship. Analysing in individual step and corrected with gait model can effectively minimize the error of position estimating.
The Reaction of Δ2-Cyclohexenone With Trifluoroperoxyacetic Acid

The reaction of 2-cyclohexenone with trifluoroperoxyacetic acid gave 2-hydroxyadipic acid as a final product. The failure of 2-cyclohexenone to yield Δ2-caprolactone or 2,3-dihydroxycaprolaaone demonstrates the favored transition state involves carbon-carbon double bond participation and not alkyl group migration.
Characterization of the imprinting signature of mouse embryo fibroblasts by RNA deep sequencing

Mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) are convenient sources for biochemical studies when cell number in mouse embryos is limiting. To derive the imprinting signature of MEFs and potentially detect novel imprinted genes we performed strand- and allele-specific RNA deep sequencing. We used sequenom allelotyping in embryo and adult organs to verify parental allele-specific expression. Thirty-two known ubiquitously imprinted genes displayed correct parental allele-specific transcripts in MEFs. Our analysis did not reveal any novel imprinted genes, but detected extended parental allele-specific transcripts in several known imprinted domains: maternal allele-specific transcripts downstream of Grb10 and downstream of Meg3, Rtl1as and Rian in the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster, an imprinted domain implicated in development and pluripotency. We detected paternal allele-specific transcripts downstream of Nespas, Peg3, Peg12 and Snurf/Snrpn. These imprinted transcript extensions were not unique to MEFs, but were also present in other somatic cells. The 5' end points of the imprinted transcript extensions did not carry opposing chromatin marks or parental allele-specific DNA methylation, suggesting that their parental allele-specific transcription is under the control of the extended imprinted genes. Based on the imprinting signature of MEFs, these cells provide valid models for understanding the biochemical aspects of genomic imprinting.
A GRAPH THEORETIC APPROACH TO HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

(1965). A GRAPH THEORETIC APPROACH TO HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 15-20.
A comparison of parametric versus permutation methods with applications to general and temporal microarray gene expression data

Motivation: In analyses of microarray data with a design of different biological conditions, ranking genes by their differential ‘importance’ is often desired so that biologists can focus research on a small subset of genes that are most likely related to the experiment conditions. Permutation methods are often recommended and used, in place of their parametric counterparts, due to the small sample sizes of microarray experiments and possible nonnormality of the data. The recommendations, however, are based on classical knowledge in the hypothesis test setting. Results: We explore the relationship between hypothesis testing and gene ranking. We indicate that the permutation method does not provide a metric for the distance between two underlying distributions. In our simulation studies permutation methods tend to be equally or less accurate than parametric methods in ranking genes. This is partially due to the discreteness of the permutation distributions, as well as the non-metric property. In data analysis the variability in ranking genes can be assessed by bootstrap. It turns out that the variability is much lower for permutation than parametric methods, which agrees with the known robustness of permutation methods to individual outliers in the data.
Non-uniform sensor deployment in mobile wireless sensor networks

Good sensor deployment is vital for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To improve the initial deployment and to prolong network lifetime, one approach is to relocate sensors in different densities which vary with the distance to the sink. Since sensors located closer to the sink are involved in more data forwarding, sensors in this region should have a higher density. In this paper, we address the problem of movement-assisted sensor positioning (MSP) to increase network lifetime with the objective to achieve the theoretical sensor densities while minimizing sensor movement. We propose three solutions: an integer-programming formulation, a localized matching method, and a distributed corona-radius scanning algorithm. Simulation results are presented to evaluate the proposed solutions.
Searching for evidence of genetic mediation of opioid withdrawal by opioid receptor gene polymorphisms.

Background Previous research has identified many genetic polymorphisms that appear to mediate the effects of opioid drugs. However, the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the severity of opioid withdrawal has not yet been characterized. Methods Data were collected from 48 daily heroin users who previously completed a standardized abstinence-induced or naloxone-precipitated withdrawal procedure to assess opioid dependence. The total withdrawal severity score (based on the COWS) from this procedure was correlated with genotype information for variants of OPRM1 (rs1799971; rs6848893), OPRD1 (rs10753331; rs2234918; rs581111; rs678849; rs1042114), and OPRK1 (rs6473797; rs963549). Genotype and other participant variables (age, race, sex, duration of drug use, concomitant drug use, route of opioid use) were used as predictors. Results Of these variables, those individually correlated with a p < .2 were entered into a multivariate regression in order to identify the most predictive model. Three polymorphisms were significantly associated with severity of abstinence-induced withdrawal (n = 19) in the bivariate analysis (R): OPRM1 rs6848893 (.45), OPRD1 rs10753331 (.03), and rs678849 (.08), but only the OPRM1 rs6848893 was retained in the multivariate model (p < .001). For participants who underwent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal (n = 29) only OPRK1 rs6473797 (−.23) was significant in the bivariate analysis, though not retained in the final model. Conclusions These data provide evidence for genetic modulation of opioid withdrawal severity, and suggest there may be qualitative differences between withdrawal resulting from abstinence and antagonist-precipitated withdrawal. Scientific Significance This study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of incorporating genetic information into clinical addiction research. (Am J Addict 2016;25:41–48)
Modeling Cross-Classified Categorical Data

In this chapter we introduce some of the basic terminology and concepts for fitting loglinear models to cross-classified categorical data. We discuss briefly those aspects of model fitting relevant to the development of further chapters, and we show how the power-divergence statistic adds a new dimension to categorical data analysis. In addition, Section 3.4 describes methods of estimating unknown model parameters from the perspective of the power-divergence statistic. In Section 3.5 we discuss the minimum discrimination information approach to characterizing the loglinear model, and illustrate how the power-divergence statistic provides a generalization that characterizes other models (including the linear model). The chapter concludes with a discussion in Section 3.6 of strategies for choosing an appropriate loglinear model.
Lesbian ethics: Beginning remarks

Abstract While we have questioned patriarchal politics, we have not questioned patriachal ethics. This paper comes from the introduction of my forthcoming book, Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Value (Institute of Lesbian Studies, P.O. Box 60242, Palo Alto, CA 94306, U.S.A.), and lays the groundwork for the challenge to patriarchal ethics I pose: I argue that the concept ‘lesbian’ is connected in important ways to the idea of female agency. I suggest the function of traditional ethics is social control and that we might instead focus on the development of individual moral agency and integrity. I discuss the use of language in structuring reality and trapping us in oppression. And finally I discuss the directions my work takes.
Keeping our fingers crossed on 2 nd generation EGFR TKIs: is better good enough?

It has been almost a decade since the first generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been approved for use in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib) were approved, it was based on response rates (gefitinib) or significant improvement in overall survival when compared to placebo (erlotinib) in 2 nd line or 3 rd line treatment in an unselected NSCLC patient population regardless of histology, gender, or smoking status (1,2).
Black Politics in the ‘70’s

of the white bourgeois news media have criticized us for welcoming all brothers and sisters. It is our convention. We shall determine who attends it. All black people are welcome. Thousands strong, we warmly embrace Angela Davis and Bobby Seale. This convention can make history. Whether it does, will depend on what we do here today. We must emerge from this convention with an independent national black political agenda; a dynamic program for black liberation, that in the process, will liberate all America from its current decadence.
Pain experiences of traumatically injured patients in a critical care setting

BACKGROUND Little is known about the acute pain experiences of traumatically injured critically ill patients. OBJECTIVES To describe pain experiences of traumatically injured adults during the first 72 hours of hospitalization. METHODS Thirty multiply injured adults at a level I trauma center participated in the study. Pain was measured by using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analog scale. Subjects completed pain measures while at rest in a supine recumbent position and after a turn onto the side. RESULTS The typical subject was 37 years old, had 4 major blunt trauma injuries, and had received the equivalent of 55.9 mg of morphine during the 24 hours before data collection. Mean at-rest scores were 26.5 on the pain-rating index, 2 on the present pain intensity index, and 34.6 on the visual analog scale. Immediately after the turn, mean scores on the visual analog scale increased from 25 to 48.1 (P = .002). Other pain scores after the turn did not differ significantly from at-rest values. Subjects who turned had lower scores on the visual analog scale at rest (P = .02) and less anxiety (P = .02) than did those who refused to turn. Ninety-six percent reported pain in the injured areas, and 36% reported pain related to biomedical devices. No relationship was found among reported pain and demographic, treatment, or clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed on pain at rest and during commonly performed procedures and on improved methods for pain relief in traumatically injured critically ill patients.
Enzyme Inactivation by Pressurized Carbon Dioxide

Pectinesterase in orange juice, polyphenoloxidase in apple juice, and various polyphenoloxidases in model systems were used in the determination of the kinetics of inactivation of the enzymes by carbon dioxide treatment at different pressures, temperatures, pH values, and times. Controls were used for pressure, temperature and pH. Kinetics parameters are presented, effects of the treatment on the enzyme molecules examined, and implications to juice processing are discussed.
Pdx1 regulates pancreas tubulogenesis and E-cadherin expression

Current efforts in developing treatments for diabetes focus on in vitro generation of functional β-cells for cell replacement therapies; however, these attempts have only been partly successful because factors involved in islet formation remain incompletely understood. The embryonic pancreas, which gives rise to β-cells, undergoes early epithelial rearrangements, including transient stratification of an initially monolayered epithelium, followed by microlumen formation and later resolution into branches. Within the epithelium, a multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) population is specified, giving rise to three important lineages: acinar, ductal and endocrine. Pdx1 is a transcription factor required for pancreas development and lineage specification; however, few Pdx1 targets that regulate pancreatogenesis have been identified. We find that pancreatic defects in Pdx1(-/-) embryos initiate at the time when the progenitor pool is specified and the epithelium should resolve into branches. Pdx1(-/-) microlumen diameters expand aberrantly, resulting in failure of epithelial tubulogenesis and ductal plexus formation. Pdx1(-/-) epithelial cell proliferation is decreased and the MPC pool is rapidly lost. We identify two conserved Pdx1 binding sites in the epithelial cadherin (E-cad, Cdh1) promoter, and show that Pdx1 directly binds and activates E-cad transcription. In addition, Pdx1 is required in vivo for maintenance of E-cad expression, actomyosin complex activity and cell shape. These findings demonstrate a novel link between regulators of epithelial architecture, specification of pancreatic cell fate and organogenesis.
Key Future Measurements of TMDs at Jefferson Lab and Other Facilities

Transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) provide a description of nucleon structure in terms of the parton transverse momentum and its transverse spin. At leading twist there are eight TMDs, each offering a unique feature of quarks in a polarized or an unpolarized nucleon. The Sivers distribution is one of the most interesting TMD due to its non-universality. It has been extracted using the data from semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS), but there is no data yet from spin-dependent Drell-Yan (DY) process. Such measurement will provide a crucial test of TMD formalism which predicts an equal magnitude and opposite sign for the Sivers function extracted from SIDIS and DY process. We will discuss key future measurements of TMDs using both SIDIS and DY process with a focus on Hall A SoLID SIDIS program at Jefferson Lab.
Electrical Impedance Myography at High Frequencies

The frequency range of Electrical Impedance Myography has been extended to 2 MHz, revealing strong increases in reactance starting in the neighbourhood of 3-500 kHz, details depending on muscle and subject. "Reduced variable" Nyquist plots are presented for different segments of the muscle, to demonstrate the unity of the high frequency behaviour with that below 100 kHz. Kramers-Kronig analysis demonstrates compatibility of the rise in X with continued fall in resistance with increasing frequency, and evidence against the “transmission line” hypothesis is presented.
A Laboratory Comparison of the Susceptibility of Four Leaf Rollers, Platynota flavedana, Olethreutes cespitana, Ptycholoma peritana, and Ancylis comptana fragariae to TDE and Parathion

Platynota flavedana Clemens, Olethreutes cespitana Hubner, and Ptychaloma peritana (Clemens) often occur in numbers greater than the strawberry leaf roller, Ancylis camptana fragariae (Walsh & Riley), on Long Island, New York. A laboratory study was conducted in 1965 to compare the susceptibility of these 4 species TDE and parathion. Mortality of larvae after 48 hours of exposure to deposits of 0.0043, 0.0022, 0.0011, and 0.00055 µg/cm2 and 0.00009, 0.000045, 0.000023, and 0.000012 µg/cm2 of TDE and parathion, respectively, on excised strawberry leaflets, revealed a similar susceptibility to the toxicants by the 4 species. Therefore, it is suggested that TDE and parathion, as recommended for the control of A. c. fragariae in New York State, would suffice to control effectively the other economically important leaf roller species on Long Island.
Descriptions of New Or Inadequately Known American Spiders. (Second Paper)

Total length with chelicerae 27.0 mm. Carapace 10.0 mm. long, 9.0 mm. wide, narrower behind than in front and almost hexagonal in shape (P1. I, Fig. 1). Thoracic groove procurved, semicircular, deep; the vertex of the semicircle exactly ⅓ from posterior margin. The head slopes steeply toward the groove. Posterior border of groove evenly rounded, anterior border rather angular. Neither cephalothoracic sulcus, nor the radiating thoracic sulci well developed, yet clearly indicated by the darker color of the chitin. A narrow band of chitin around entire margin of carapace quite white. Surface of carapace glabrous, with black bristles only in the following places: a tuft of about 18 bristles in front of AME, the four stoutest forming the usual transverse row; Irregularly arranged bristles filling the space between AME and PME; a row of middorsal bristles beginning at the anterior edge of the eyetubercle and extending back to about half the distance to the thoracic groove; this row is accompanied by flanking bristles in its anterior portion, but further back consists entirely of a single row. Finally, a pair of lateral bands of bristles extending on each side from the posterior eyes back as far as the middorsal row, but slightly diverging and composed of from 2 to 4 bristles abreast.
Intracellular development of vaccinia virus.

Summary1. Electron micrographs of tissue sections of chorioallantoic membrane infected with vaccinia virus were examined. Some cells were found to be almost filled with virus, others contained the virus particles grouped in single inclusions of varying sizes. Only a few virus particles were seen scattered throughout the cytoplasm of cells in certain areas, and in other areas extra-cellular virus was found in large numbers. 2. Small or medium sized inclusions were always located at the nuclear membrane and in contact with it. The inclusions consisted of masses of virus particles imbedded in a matrix which was dense in small inclusions and less dense in larger inclusions. The virus particles were ovoid and varied in length from 0.23 μ to 0.28 μ. Sectioned virus particles indicate that all have a dense outer wall, and some could be observed to have an internal structure. 3. The possible relationship of these observations to the growth cycle of vaccinia virus has been considered.
Secondary renal osteogenic sarcoma 14 years after primary therapy.

AbstractWe excised a left renal osteogenic sarcoma 14 years after curative therapy for a primary tumor of the left ulna and 2 years after resecting a solitary pulmonary metastasis. This large renal neoplasm was recognized because it concentrated abnormally large amounts of technetium during a radionuclide bone scan.
Effect of Aging on Gentamycin Nephrotoxicity and Pharmacokinetics in Rats

In humans a higher incidence of renal toxicity is seen in old than in young patients undergoing gentamicin therapy. To investigate whether the sensitivity of the old kidney to gentamicin is a function of age, separate from the adverse effects arising from declining renal excretory function, the nephrotoxicity of 12 daily injections of this antibiotic was measured in rats. Young (7-10 months) and old (25-28 months) rats, selected for minimal age-related nephropathy, received an initial dose of 30 or 50 mg of gentamycin/kg. Based on the plasma half-lives, subsequent doses for the high dose group were reduced as needed to equalize renal exposure to gentamicin. Urinary excretion of beta-galactosidase peaked by the second or third day of injections, while proteinuria was highest in the second week. The amount of microscopic renal tubular damage was dose-related and was greater in the old rats of each dose group. The increased sensitivity of old kidneys toward gentamycin toxicity, although small, thus appears to be in addition to any age-related decrease in renal elimination of the drug from plasma.
Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting with arterial conduits

With increased use of catheter intervention, candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have become more severely diseased. In the past 4 years with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass technique, operative mortality was 1.5% (0.7% for elective and 5.6% for emergency) in 690 primary CABGs. The internal thoracic artery graft was used in 94% of the patients and the patency rate was 98%. The gastroepiploic artery was used in 565 patients since 1986 with 2.3% operative mortality and the patency rate was 96% in early and 92% in mid-term angiography. The inferior epigastric artery was used in 48 patients with 2% operative mortality and 90% patency rate. The radial artery was used in 105 patients with 0.9% operative mortality and patency rate was 88% at 1 postoperative year. Surgical result and angiographic patency of the graft are acceptably good while candidates of CABG have become more severely diseased. With use of arterial conduits, better long term outcome can be expected.
Hybridization-Induced Aggregation Technology for Practical Clinical Testing: KRAS Mutation Detection in Lung and Colorectal Tumors.

KRAS mutations have emerged as powerful predictors of response to targeted therapies in the treatment of lung and colorectal cancers; thus, prospective KRAS genotyping is essential for appropriate treatment stratification. Conventional mutation testing technologies are not ideal for routine clinical screening, as they often involve complex, time-consuming processes and/or costly instrumentation. In response, we recently introduced a unique analytical strategy for revealing KRAS mutations, based on the allele-specific hybridization-induced aggregation (HIA) of oligonucleotide probe-conjugated microbeads. Using simple, inexpensive instrumentation, this approach allows for the detection of any common KRAS mutation in
The Algebra of the Theta Functions

Let X = V/L be an abelian variety. We will fix a decomposition L = A ⊕ B with respect to an ample invertible sheaf ℒ = ℒ (α, H) which is excellent. In this section we will consider a special case of the isogeny Theorem 5.7.
Vein of Galen AVM and Visual Loss

Visual loss as a presenting symptom of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the vein of Galen is reported in a 5-year-old girl from the Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital, Alder Hey, Liverpool, UK.