cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C alpha mediates phospholipase D activation by nucleotides and phorbol ester in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Stimulation of phospholipase D is independent of activation of polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and phospholipase A2.

Abstract Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in a number of systems. By antisense technology, we have "knocked out" alpha and beta isoforms of PKC to study the role of these isoforms in PLD activation in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. To this end, we have studied PLD activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), ATP, UTP, and 2-methylthio-ATP in cells labeled with [3H]palmitic acid. [3H]Phosphatidylethanol (PEt) production catalyzed by PLD in the presence of ethanol was time- and concentration-dependent in PMA- and nucleotide-stimulated cells. In Ca(2+)-free medium, [3H]PEt accumulation was diminished for all stimuli assayed. Treatment of cells with chelerythrine, an inhibitor of PKC, and phorbol ester down-regulation of PKC inhibited [3H]PEt production by both PMA and nucleotides. In cells transfected with antisense PKC alpha or both PKC alpha and PKC beta, PLD activation was inhibited by both PMA and nucleotides, whereas in cells transfected with antisense PKC beta, PLD activation was similar to that of control cells. Moreover, inhibition of polyphosphoinositide-specific PLC (by neomycin) or of release of arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid metabolites (by nordihydroguaiaretic acid or by indomethacin) failed to decrease [3H]PEt accumulation in PMA- and nucleotide-stimulated MDCK-D1 cells. From these data, we conclude that in MDCK-D1 cells PMA and nucleotide receptors utilize PKC alpha to regulate PLD activity and that PLD activation is independent of the activation of polyphosphoinositide-specific PLC and phospholipase A2-mediated release of arachidonic acid or arachidonic acid metabolites.
On the Geometric Basis of Metric Relationships and Metrization Processes of Carbogenic Molecules. The HEDAN Classification

This chaper extends the HEDAN system to geotopicity and geotopizations. The analysis of the geometric basis of intra- and intertopic relationships in geometric figures led to a novel, simple, and universal framework - the hedan (homotopic, enantiotopic, diastereotopic, astereotopic, and nonequimetric) scheme - for classifying intrametric and intermetric geotopicity– topic relationships between parts of geometric figures. This scheme is utilized to define the analogous hedan (homotopization, enantiotopization, diastereotopization, astereotopization, and nonequitopization) classification of geotopizations–interconversions of parts of geometric figures. The classifications of intrametric/intermetric topic relationships and topizations in geometric figures provide the foundations for the classification of topic relationships and topizations in carbogenic molecules and substances. A given topization is also characterized by a finite tension corresponding to an imaginary energy barrier for the process. A given metrization is accompanied by topization of the sites involved, and it is the barrier for a metrization that constitutes the determining factor, and the imaginary tension of a given topization must depend on the corresponding metrization barrier.
Cys-scanning mutagenesis: a novel approach to structure–function relationships in polytopic membrane proteins

The entire lactose permease of Escherichia coli, a polytopic membrane transport protein that catalyzes beta-galactoside/H+ symport, has been subjected to Cys-scanning mutagenesis in order to determine which residues play an obligatory role in the mechanism and to create a library of mutants with a single-Cys residue at each position of the molecule for structure/function studies. Analysis of the mutants has led to the following: 1) only six amino acid side chains play an irreplaceable role in the transport mechanism; 2) positions where the reactivity of the Cys replacement is increased upon ligand binding are identified; 3) positions where the reactivity of the Cys replacement is decreased by ligand binding are identified; 4) helix packing, helix tilt, and ligand-induced conformational changes are determined by using the library of mutants in conjunction with a battery of site-directed techniques; 5) the permease is a highly flexible molecule; and 6) a working model that explains coupling between beta-galactoside and H+ translocation. structure-function relationships in polytopic membrane proteins.
Microbial driven TLR5-dependent signaling modulates distal malignant progression through tumor-promoting inflammation (MUC4P.828)

The dominant R392X TLR5 polymorphism abrogates flagellin responses in >7% of humans. We report that TLR5 recognition of commensal bacteria at intestinal surfaces influences malignant progression at distal (extra-mucosal) locations through the initiation of tumor-promoting inflammation. In TLR5-responsive mice, IL-6 is up-regulated through an autocrine loop in IL-6 reactive tumor cells, resulting in increased mobilization of MDSC and augmented tumor growth, compared to TLR5-deficient controls. In contrast, TLR5-deficient mice systemically up-regulate IL-17, which augments tumor growth only in the presence of IL-6 unresponsive tumors. Notably, differences in tumor growth are completely abrogated following depletion of commensal bacteria. Most importantly, similar differences in inflammation and malignant progression are recapitulated in TLR5-responsive/unresponsive patients with extra-mucosal tumors. Our results demonstrate that TLR5 signaling at mucosal surfaces, which is dependent upon commensal microbiota, significantly influences tumor progression at extra-mucosal locations through systemic tumor-promoting inflammation. These results have implications for the large proportion of individuals that harbor the common genetic polymorphism in TLR5 and demonstrate that the systemic response to tumors outside of the intestines is in part mediated through TLR5-signaling.
Essential Ambiguity and Essential Influence: Rereading Bohr’s Reply to EPR

The article offers a rereading of Bohr’s reply to the argument of A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen (EPR) concerning the incompleteness, or else nonlocality, of quantum mechanics. Bohr shows EPR’s argument to be deficient on their own terms, by virtue of an ambiguity found in their application of the criterion of reality they propose to the phenomena in question. He also offers an alternative interpretation of the EPR experiment itself, the thought experiment proposed by EPR, as part of his overall interpretation of quantum mechanics as complementarity.
A Wearable EMG-based System Pre-fall Detector☆

Abstract The paper presents a wearable system able to evaluate real time the risk of fall in elderly people, promoting the fast adoption of properly intervention strategies for reducing injuries (e.g. by activating an impact reduction system). A wireless and minimally invasive surface Electromyography-based system (EMG) has been used to measure four lower limb muscles activities. This work deals with the identification of highly discriminative features extracted from the EMG signals for the automatic detection of people instability. The framework prototype uses a threshold-based approach assuring real time functioning and permitting the detection of a typical imbalance condition about 200ms after the stimulus perturbation, in simulated and controlled fall conditions.
Salamandras de la Familia Plethodontidas: Hallazgo de los huevos de Bolitoglossa adspersa (Peters)

La ovoviviparidad en las salamandras del genero Bolitoglossa (2) (Oedipus) ha sido registrada solamente para las formas que habitan en las montanas de Colombia. Al referirse a «Oedipus adspersus», que fue colectada en las bromelias de las montanas de Santa Marta, Ruthven (3) dice simplemente que ella es una especie vivipara. Es muy probable que el autor apoya su informacion sobre la de Peters, quien encontro huevos de 3 mm. en el ovario de la salamandra «Oedipus adspersus» y afirmo que el animal era viviparo.
Cost-effectiveness of nuclear medicine procedures in renovascular hypertension

The role of nuclear medicine in the differential diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (RVH) has been a highly controversial one. The reason for this rests with the lack of specificity of this test in screening for RVH. Although renography is very sensitive in detecting unilateral renal disease, it is nonspecific and an unacceptable number of false-positives occur. Recently the introduction of captopril renography has provided a new stimulus for reevaluation of this test in the differential diagnosis of renovascular disease. In spite of prevailing opinion, a careful review of the relative cost of renography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrates that there is a role for renography in this differential diagnosis at all stages of investigation. Routine renography, when interposed between DSA studies, significantly reduces the cost per case of RVH found. If captopril renography proves as specific as is theoretically possible, the cost reductions achieved can be even greater. There is a significant and costefficient role for renography in the differential diagnosis of RVH. In addition to its reduction of cost in case finding, renography also avoids the risk of contrast media administration in a significant number of patients by reducing the population for screening to those at very high risk of disease.
Management of subcutaneous emphysema after pulmonary resection.

Background Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) after pulmonary resection is troublesome and has been poorly studied. Methods A retrospective review was made of a prospective database. Patients who underwent pulmonary resection and in whom clinically detected SE were studied. Results Of 4,023 patients between January 1999 and June 2006, 255 patients (6.3%) had clinically apparent SE. Predictors of developing SE by multivariate analysis were preoperative forced expiratory volume of air in 1 second (FEV 1 %) less than 50%, having an air leak, and having had a previous thoracotomy. Despite maximizing chest tube suction, 85 patients (33%) had recalcitrant SE. These patients with recalcitrant SE were more likely to have a lower median FEV 1 % ( p = 0.037), a previous ipsilateral thoracotomy, and have undergone a lobectomy ( p p = 0.02) and less time with recalcitrant SE than the other 21 patients. Conclusions Subcutaneous emphysema is more likely in patients who have an FEV 1 % less than 50% and who undergo a redo thoracotomy. Recalcitrant SE emphysema (SE that persists despite increasing chest tube suction) is more likely in patients who undergo lobectomy and is best treated by video-assisted thorascopic surgery with pneumolysis between the leaking lung, which is usually partially adhered to the previously opened intercostal space. This directs the air leak back into the pleural space and out of the subcutaneous space. This procedure shortens the duration of SE and hospital stay.
A microfluidic-based nanoscope

A novel technique for noninvasively measuring the shapes of walls with resolution approaching tens of nanometers is presented. The nanoscope measures local wall position by measuring the velocity of a fluid with micron-scale spatial resolution as it flows over a surface. The location of the wall is estimated by assuming the no-slip velocity condition at the wall and extrapolating the velocity profile to zero. Nanoscope measurements were obtained in a 30 × 300-μm channel. The wall shape of the glass microchannel was determined to be flat to within a root mean square uncertainty of 62 nm. Numerical simulations show that noise in the velocity measurements contributes significantly to uncertainty in wall position. The technique can be used to measure surfaces that are immersed in liquids and in geometries that do not provide exposed surfaces, where traditional nanoscope techniques such as scanning probe microscopes (SPM) are not applicable.
Si-adatom dynamics and mechanisms of the epitaxial growth on a single-height-stepped Si{001} surface.

The Si-adatom dynamics on a single-height-stepped Si{001} surface is studied via a combined molecular-dynamics, simplified transition-state theory and time-dependent lattice-gas description using Tersoff's potential for Si-Si interactions. The energies of adatom binding and migration near ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{A}}$, ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(b) (bonded), and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(n) (nonbonded) step edges show that the global minima, 4.28 eV, are in the trenches at the ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(n) edges. At all other sites, the binding energies are comparable to those on the flat Si{001}-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface. We find that if the adatoms are deposited on an ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$ terrace, reflection dominates at the ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{A}}$ edge, whereas at the ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(b) and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(n) edges, adatoms step down and migrate in the trenches parallel to the edges. The deposition rate and surface-temperature-dependent reflection, step up, step down, and accommodation probabilities at all three step edges are calculated and used in a simple estimation of step-edge growth coefficients. We find that the allowable surface-temperature range in which a 400-\AA{}-wide ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$ terrace may grow at the ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(b) and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(n) edges is above 800 K for the 0.30 ML/min (where ML denotes monolayer) film deposition rate and above 700 K for the slower 0.03 ML/min film deposition rate. A microscopic model of the growth of ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$ terraces is also presented in which we find that the nature of the growth, by accommodation, at the ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(b) and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$(n) edges, is different such that it maintains the roughness of the growing edge of an ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$ terrace.
The preterm placental microbiome varies in association with excess maternal gestational weight gain.

Objective Although a higher maternal body mass index is associated with preterm birth, it is unclear whether excess gestational weight gain (GWG) or obesity drives increased risk. We and others have shown that the placenta harbors microbiota, which is significantly different among preterm births. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether the preterm placental microbiome varies by virtue of obesity or alternately by excess GWG. Study Design Placentas (n = 320) were collected from term and preterm pregnancies. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Data were analyzed by clinical covariates that included the 2009 Institute of Medicine's GWG guideline and obesity. Results Analysis of 16S recombinant RNA–based metagenomics revealed no clustering of the microbiome by virtue of obesity ( P = .161). Among women who spontaneously delivered preterm, there was again no clustering by obesity ( P = .480), but there was significant clustering by excess GWG ( P = .022). Moreover, among preterm births, detailed analysis identified microbial genera (family and genus level) and bacterial metabolic gene pathways that varied among pregnancies with excess GWG. Notably, excess GWG was associated with decreased microbial folate biosynthesis pathways and decreased butanoate metabolism (linear discriminate analysis, >3.0-fold). Conclusion Although there were no significant alterations in the microbiome by virtue of obesity per se, excess GWG was associated with an altered microbiome and its metabolic profile among those women who experienced a preterm birth.
“Que tous ses dents etaient des ideés”: Egaeus's Determination to Reassert Male Power in Edgar Allan Poe's BERENICE

In Edgar Allan Poe's gothic short story “Berenice,” Egaeus's obsessive fascination with Berenice's immaculate teeth can be superficially conceived as a madman's fixation, but his utterance of “Que ...
A ship upon a stormy sea: The medicalization of pregnancy

This is an empirical illustration of the role of biomedical rhetoric in the rise of medicine's cultural authority. Using the case of pregnancy in the United States I delineate how biomedical rhetoric was key in the historical process of medicalization. The first systematic attempt to introduce women to a medical interpretation of pregnancy was the public health campaign of the United States Children's Bureau in the early twentieth century. A cornerstone of the Children's Bureau campaign was its publication "Prenatal Care," first published in 1913 and distributed to well over twenty-two million women by the mid-thirties. Prenatal Care represents the biomedical interpretation of pregnancy as it was first introduced to women. Through an analysis of this document I demonstrate the discursive mechanisms through which biomedicine reconceptualized pregnancy as medically problematic rather than as experientially and organically demanding. Prenatal Care demonstrates the ways in which the "universal" claims of biomedicine can advance a particular class and racial/ethnic composite of woman.
PATTERNS OF WATER, ASH AND ORGANIC-MATTER CHANGES IN SENESCENCE

A study of the changes in moisture, ash and organic matter in the organs of rats and mice has provided good evidence that there is a continuance of processes that occur at a constant rate throughout life. This rate is more rapid in the very early period of life, but the changes are related constantly to each other, as well described by certain mathematical equations. The loss of moisture is an hyperbolic function described by the logarithm of the percentage of concentration varying directly with the logarithm of the age of the animal. Similarly the concentration of ash declines while the total weight, total water and total ash increases by a complex exponential function described by a logarithm of the age in weeks. The gain in organic matter is best described by a power equation in which the logarithm of the percentage of organic matter is directly proportional to the logarithm of the age in weeks. These findings are in keeping with our previous suggestions and findings that constants of senile decay can be mathematically derived. It is further concluded that senility does not have a sudden onset, but is an accumulation of constantly related phenomena that can be accurately described mathematically.
Collecting whole-system reference traces of multiprogrammed and multithreaded workloads

The simulated evaluation of memory management policies relies on reference traces--logs of memory operations performed by running processes. No existing approach to reference trace collection is applicable to a complete system, including the kernel and all processes. Specifically, none gather sufficient information for simulating the virtual memory management, the filesystem cache management, and the scheduling of a multiprogrammed, multithreaded workload. Existing trace collectors are also difficult to maintain and to port, making them partially or wholly unusable on many modern systems.We present Laplace, a trace collector that can log every memory reference that a system performs. Laplace is implemented through modifications to a simulated processor and an operating system kernel. Because it collects references at the simulated CPU layer, Laplace produces traces that are complete and minimally distorted. Its modified kernel also logs selected events that a post-processor uses to associate every virtual memory and filesystem reference with its thread. It also uses this information to reconcile all uses of shared memory, which is a task that is more complex than previously believed. Laplace is capable of tracing a workload without modifications to any source, library, or executable file. Finally, Laplace is relatively easy to maintain and port to different architectures and kernels.
A Breathing Sphere Model for Calculating Frequency Shifts of Polyatomic Molecules in Solution

Molecular vibrational frequency shifts are modeled by treating the vibrating solute as a breathing sphere with repulsive (hard-core) and attractive (mean field) solvent−solute interactions. The solvent-induced repulsive force exerted on the normal mode of a vibrating solute molecule is obtained using the derivative of the molecular volume with respect to the normal mode coordinate in conjunction with an analytical expression for the chemical potential of a hard sphere solute immersed in a solvent of hard spheres. The volume derivative of the vibrating solute molecule is calculated by considering the solvent molecule as an assembly of interpenetrating or fused hard spheres whose individual motions are given by normal mode coordinates. The calculation of the repulsive force is simplified by equating the normal mode volume change of the multisphere solute to a volume change of a spherical solute. The anisotropy of the solute−solvent system is used to adjust the spherical solute diameter so its chemical poten...
The Diophantine Equation 3u2−2=v6

Abstract The theorem of Delaunay–Nagell states that: If d is a cube-free integer >1, then the equation x 3 + dy 3 =1 has at most one solution in non-zero integers x , y, and if such a solution exists then [formula] is either the fundamental unit of the field [formula] or its square, the latter occurring for only finitely many values of d . Investigation of these exceptional d values has led to the equation of the title [5, 3.9], which has only finitely many solutions. We prove that the title equation has no integer solution other than | u |=| v |=1, which give the known values d =19, 20, 28, therefore there are no other d values.
Realist Foundations of Measurement

A not uncommon conclusion of philosophers studying the conceptual foundations of measurement is that scales of measurement, though subject to requirements of consistency, convenience, and simplicity, are essentially based upon conventions, and thus cannot be said to refer to relationships among existing quantities. Brian Ellis, for example, in one of the most searching contemporary analyses of measurement concepts, claims that certain metaphysical presuppositions made by positivists and nonpositivists alike, have played havoc with our understanding of many of the basic concepts of measurement, and concealed the existence of certain more or less arbitrary conventions. ([4], p. 3)
Cutting planes, connectivity, and threshold logic

Originating from work in operations research the cutting plane refutation systemCP is an extension of resolution, where unsatisfiable propositional logic formulas in conjunctive normal form are recognized by showing the non-existence of boolean solutions to associated families of linear inequalities. Polynomial sizeCP proofs are given for the undirecteds-t connectivity principle. The subsystemsCPq ofCP, forq≥2, are shown to be polynomially equivalent toCP, thus answering problem 19 from the list of open problems of [8]. We present a normal form theorem forCP2-proofs and thereby for arbitraryCP-proofs. As a corollary, we show that the coefficients and constant terms in arbitrary cutting plane proofs may be exponentially bounded by the number of steps in the proof, at the cost of an at most polynomial increase in the number of steps in the proof. The extensionCPLE+, introduced in [9] and there shown top-simulate Frege systems, is proved to be polynomially equivalent to Frege systems. Lastly, since linear inequalities are related to threshold gates, we introduce a new threshold logic and prove a completeness theorem.
Spores of Frankia strain HFPCcl3 nodulate Casuarina equisetifolia after passage through the digestive tracts of captive parakeets (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Spores of Frankia strain HFPCcl3 nodulated Casuarina equisetifolia after passage through the digestive tracts of captive parakeets (Melopsittacus undulatus). Parakeets excreted infectious fecal material from 6 to 72 h after ingesting food inoculated with Frankia spores. Air desiccation of spore-containing fecal material reduced its infectious capacity by approximately 90%. Hyphal filaments of this strain lost most of their infectious capacity after passage through parakeet digestive tracts. These results indicate that it is possible for spores of Frankia to survive passage through the digestive tracts of birds, thereby predisposing them to avian dispersal. Key words: actinorhizal plants, Casuarina, Frankia, nodulation, parakeets, spores.
The cluster set of a nonexpansive mapping

Fur a nonexpansive mappingq: R d →R d , we examine some properties of the setS of all possible limit points of sequences of the formx, q (x), q 2 (x), … We then characterize those piecewise isometric nonexpansive mappings having the property: for everyx there exists a finitek such thatq k (x)∈S.
RACK1 inhibits the serum- and anchorage-independent growth of v-Src transformed cells

Cancer cells are capable of serum- and anchorage-independent growth, and focus formation on monolayers of normal cells. Previously, we showed that RACK1 inhibits c-Src kinase activity and NIH3T3 cell growth. Here, we show that RACK1 partially inhibits v-Src kinase activity, and the serum- and anchorage-independent growth of v-Src transformed cells, but has no effect on focus formation. RACK1-overexpressing v-Src cells show disassembly of podosomes, which are actin-rich structures that are distinctive to fully transformed cells. Together, our results demonstrate that RACK1 overexpression in v-Src cells partially reverses the transformed phenotype of the cells. Our results identify an endogenous inhibitor of the oncogenic Src tyrosine kinase and of cell transformation.
Model nucleohistones: The interaction of F1 and F2al histones with native T7 DNA

Abstract Synthetic complexes of the lysine-rich histone (F1) and of the glycine- and arginine-rich histone (F2al) with native T7 DNA have been prepared by the step-gradient dialysis procedure from 5 m -urea-3 m -NaCl and from 5 m -guanidine-HCl. Data on the physical properties of these complexes were obtained relevant to their solubility, thermal stability, sedimentation coefficients, circular dichroic spectra, and ultrastructure. Complexes of F1 with T7 DNA, prepared from urea-NaCl or from guanidine, exhibited a salt-dependent structural change between 10 −3 and 10 −1 m -sodium ions. At low ionic strengths, complexes sedimented like naked DNA and appeared to be a loose network of DNA-like fibers when examined in the electron microscope. At higher ionic strengths the complexes exhibited rapid and heterogeneous sedimentation and an altered circular dichroic spectrum, and they appeared in the electron microscope to be a mixture of large (0.1 to 0.3 μ diameter) donut and stem-like structures. Complexes of F2al with T7 DNA prepared from urea-NaCl and from guanidine revealed differences with respect to melting, sedimentation, circular dichroic, and electron microscopic properties. Complexes prepared from urea-NaCl sedimented as a single rapid heterogeneous component and resembled rosettes in the electron microscope; complexes from guanidine exhibited greater thermal stability, sedimented as two components, and revealed the presence of donut structures. Neither type of complex revealed salt-dependent structural changes of the magnitude seen with F1-DNA complexes. Poly- l -lysine and T7 DNA were combined by gradient dialysis from urea-NaCl, and also appeared as donuts and short stem structures over a wide range of ionic strengths. The present studies suggest that the structure of the annealed protein-DNA complexes strongly depends on the conformation of the basic protein during the initial stages of its interaction with native DNA. A highly disordered protein conformation results in characteristic donut and stem-like structures. F2al histone, however, aggregates in high NaCl concentrations, probably due to its hydrophobic portion (residues 46 to 102), resulting in rosette structures. The instability of F1-DNA donuts and stems at decreased ionic strength may result from the high proline content in the basic portion of F1 histone, consequent disruptions of lysine-phosphate interactions, and increased susceptibility to polyelectrolyte expansion.
Mechanical Determinants of Myocardial Blood Flow and Its Distribution

There are two mechanical determinants of coronary blood flow and its distribution: resistance and pressure gradient. Resistance is determined by blood viscosity and the anatomy and geometry of the coronary vascular bed. The coronary vascular pressure gradient is the difference between aortic root pressure and intramyocardial pressure. A number of factors such as coronary atherosclerosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial edema may adversely affect the determinants of coronary flow before, during, or after cardiopulmonary bypass, thereby lowering or eliminating regional or local coronary reserve and promoting the likelihood of a myocardial ischemic injury. The subendocardial layers of the left ventricle appear to be more vulnerable, perhaps in part because they depend entirely on diastolic coronary flow.
Duality relation for frustrated spin models

We consider discrete spin models on arbitrary planar graphs and lattices with frustrated interactions. We first analyze the Ising model with frustrated plaquettes. We use an algebraic approach to derive the result that an Ising model with some of its plaquettes frustrated has a dual model which is an Ising model with an external field $i\ensuremath{\pi}/2$ applied to the dual sites centered at frustrated plaquettes. In the case where all plaquettes are frustrated, this leads to the known result that the dual model has a uniform field $i\ensuremath{\pi}/2,$ whose partition function can be evaluated in the thermodynamic limit for regular lattices. The analysis is extended to a Potts spin glass with analogous results obtained.
Screening for Disulfiram-Induced Liver Test Dysfunction in an Inpatient Alcoholism Program

The objective of this study was to report the frequency of disulfiramrelated elevations of four commonly used hepatic screening chemistries using a retrospective record review design. An inpatient alcoholism program was selected for the setting. Patients who had initial laboratory values within the normal range started daily supervised doses of disulfiram, then underwent follow-up testing after 2 and 4 weeks on the drug. The study population consisted of 108 patients receiving disulfiram and 27 patients who did not receive disulfiram (controls). The four screening serum chemistries performed were aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Twenty-seven (25%) of the 108 patients who were taking 250 mg of disulfiram a day for 2 to 4 weeks had disulfiram-related elevations in alanine aminotransferase above the upper limit of normal, as opposed to one elevation in 27 patients (4%) for whom disulfiram was not prescribed. In the 108 patients (with initially normal serum chemistries) who were prescribed disulfiram, 32 were discontinued from the drug at 2 weeks and an additional 11 were discontinued from the drug at 4 weeks because of one or more abnormal serum chemistries. Alanine aminotransferase was the most specific and sensitive indicator of the four screening chemistries performed.
Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals using lithographic processes

In this paper we present lithographic-based fabricati on methods for the realization of three-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs). These methods are based on novel implementations of single and multi-step UV lithography. To this end, we begin by presenting a technique based on a multi-step process that allows for the stacking of planar photonic lattice layers th at when repeated in the vertical direction serves to construct a three-dimensional PhC lattice. This pr ocess offers the unique ability to implement arbitrary defects, which thereby enables resonant cavities and embedded PhC waveguides. In addition, we also present a process based on three-dimensional interference lithography, which enables the realization of 3D photonic crystal lattices in a single lithographic step. Details of these processes and preliminary experimental results are presented. Keywords: photonic crystal devices, nano-fabrication, and interference lithography
Electroporation-based delivery of cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of peptide nucleic acids for antisense inhibition of intracellular bacteria

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been used for a myriad of cellular delivery applications and were recently explored for delivery of antisense agents such as peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for bacterial inhibition. Although these molecular systems (i.e. CPP–PNAs) have shown ability to inhibit growth of bacterial cultures in vitro, they show limited effectiveness in killing encapsulated intracellular bacteria in mammalian cells such as macrophages, presumably due to difficulty involved in the endosomal escape of the reagents. In this report, we show that electroporation delivery dramatically increases the bioavailability of CPP–PNAs to kill Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 inside macrophages. Electroporation delivers the molecules without involving endocytosis and greatly increases the antisense effect. The decrease in the average number of Salmonella per macrophage under a 1200 V cm−1 and 5 ms pulse was a factor of 9 higher than that without electroporation (in an experiment with a multiplicity of infection of 2 : 1). Our results suggest that electroporation is an effective approach for a wide range of applications involving CPP-based delivery. The microfluidic format will allow convenient functional screening and testing of PNA-based reagents for antisense applications.
Effects of organic matter on the distribution of uranium in soil and plant matrices

This work studied interactions of uranium with pure organic compounds, such as glutathione, and more complex mixtures, such as humic acid and aqueous plant extracts. High performance liquid chromatography with UV absorption interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry sequential detection was used to detect organouranium complexes in a variety of soils and plant materials, indicating that nearly 100% of the uranium extracted from certain plant tissues was bound to organic ligands. In addition, soil sorption experiments indicated that humic acid generally decreased uranium sorption to soils and promoted subsequent desorption of uranium because of uranium partitioning to the organic phase. These experiments demonstrate that organic compounds influence the mobility and chemistry of uranium in the environment.
The Speed of Shor's R-algorithm

Shor’s r-algorithm is an iterative method for unconstrained optimization, designed for minimizing nonsmooth functions, for which its reported success has been considerable. Although some limited convergence results are known, nothing seems to be known about the algorithm’s rate of convergence, even in the smooth case. We study how the method behaves on convex quadratics, proving linear convergence in the two-dimensional case and conjecturing that the algorithm is always linearly convergent, with an asymptotic convergence rate that is independent of the conditioning of the quadratic being minimized.
Spinal fractures in recreational bobsledders: an unexpected mechanism of injury.

Study design: Retrospective case series and literature review. Objective: To report and discuss spinal fractures occurring in recreational bobsledders. Summary of background data: Spinal fractures have been commonly described following traumatic injury during a number of recreational sports. Reports have focused on younger patients and typically involved high-impact sports or significant injuries. With an aging population and a wider array of recreational sports, spinal injuries may be seen after seemingly benign activities and without a high-impact injury. Methods: A retrospective review of two patients and review of the literature was performed. Results: Two patients with spinal fractures after recreational bobsledding were identified. Both patients, aged 57 and 54 years, noticed a simultaneous onset of severe back pain during a routine turn on a bobsled track. Neither was involved in a high-impact injury during the event. Both patients were treated conservatively with resolution of symptoms. An analysis of the bobsled track revealed that potential forces imparted to the rider may be greater than the yield strength of vertebral bone. Conclusions: Older athletes may be at greater risk for spinal fracture associated with routine recreational activities. Bobsledding imparts large amounts of force during routine events and may result in spinal trauma. Older patients, notably those with osteoporosis or metabolic bone disease, should be educated about the risks associated with seemingly benign recreational sports.
Recent Studies on the Formation and Properties of Quinhydrone Complexes

Abstract Several aspects of the strusctural and solid state chemistry of quicnhydrones are described. Among the topics discussed are the preparation of isomeric quicnhydrones, involving a solid state synthesis by grinding the components together, mothods of interconversion of isomeric quinhydrones, and the use of spectroscopic methods including 13C nmr to follow the interconversion. The important features of the crystal structures of several key complexes of quinones and hydroquinones are also descsribed. Some rationalizations for the differences in ease of formation and in stoichiometry of complexes involving methyl substitutents are also presentes.
Electron Propagator Theory of the Photoelectron Spectrum of Methanesulfenic Acid

Assignment of the photoelectron spectrum of methanesulfenic acid, H3CSOH, is facilitated by ab initio electron propagator calculations. Close agreement exists between experimental peak positions an...
Physical Properties of Food and Milk Components: Research Needs to Expand Uses

Abstract The physical properties of milk components affect the functional properties and quality attributes of foods in which they are used. Hence, knowledge of the basic physical properties of milk components is critical in determining the usefulness of milk components in food formulations and in determining quality attributes and acceptability of foods containing these components. Although much is known about the chemistry of milk components, fundamental data are limited regarding the physical properties that govern functionality and quality. This lack of information may limit potential uses of milk ingredients in the food processing industry. With the increasing formulation and fabrication of food products, the need and demand for reliable functional ingredients will expand. The food processing industry will increasingly place a premium on obtaining functional ingredients with reliable, well-defined physical and functional properties to facilitate automated formulation of food products and to ensure consistent product quality. Additionally, the satisfactory substitution of ingredients or simulation of traditional foods critically depends on knowledge of the physical properties of ingredients and of foods per se. Hence, there is a need for the establishment of a data bank that contains reliable information on the physical and functional properties of milk components and dairy ingredients. Where reliable data are not available, the needed research should be undertaken. In order to be successful in this endeavor, reliable, standardized testing methods need to be developed to measure those physical and functional properties related to quality attributes of foods.
Free Feeding in normal and “recovered lateral” rats monitored by a pellet-detecting eatometer

Abstract Free feeding was continuously recorded in rats, using a pellet-detecting eatometer which delivered a pellet to the rat each time one was eaten. No arbitrary responses were required. Normal rats and desalivate rats ate discrete meals, but rats which had recovered from lateral hypothalamic lesions nibbled in prolonged episodes, alternately eating small amounts and pausing for short periods. When normal rats were required to press a bar for food, they increased the number of short pauses in feeding. Criteria for intermeal interval influenced the distributions of meal sizes during feeding monitored by bar-press, but not during free feeding. Frequency distributions of meal sizes were much more sensitive to changes in the feeding situation than were mean meal sizes. It was concluded that both internal and external factors control spontaneous meal patterns, and that the lateral hypothalamus is essential for the maintenance of the regularity in sizes and temporal distribution of spontaneous meals.
Approximate Analytical Solution to Diurnal Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Growth Under Well-Watered Conditions

Simplified numerical models of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are useful both for understanding the underlying dynamics and potentially providing parsimonious modelling approaches for inclusion in larger models. Herein the governing equations of a simplified slab model of the uniformly mixed, purely convective, diurnal ABL are shown to allow immediate solutions for the potential temperature and specific humidity as functions of the ABL height and net radiation when expressed in integral form. By employing a linearized saturation vapour relation, the height of the mixed layer is shown to obey a non-linear ordinary differential equation with quadratic dependence on ABL height. A perturbation solution provides general analytical approximations, of which the leading term is shown to represent the contribution under equilibrium evaporation. These solutions allow the diurnal evolution of the height, potential temperature, and specific humidity (i.e., also vapour pressure deficit) of the mixed layer to be expressed analytically for arbitrary radiative forcing functions.
Next generation job management systems for extreme-scale ensemble computing

With the exponential growth of supercomputers in parallelism, applications are growing more diverse, including traditional large-scale HPC MPI jobs, and ensemble workloads such as finer-grained many-task computing (MTC) applications. Delivering high throughput and low latency for both workloads requires developing a distributed job management system that is magnitudes more scalable than today's centralized ones. In this paper, we present a distributed job launch prototype, SLURM++, which is comprised of multiple controllers with each one managing a partition of SLURM daemons, while ZHT (a distributed key-value store) is used to store the job and resource metadata. We compared SLURM++ with SLURM using micro-benchmarks of different job sizes up to 500 nodes, with excellent results showing 10X higher throughput. We also studied the potential of distributed scheduling through simulations up to millions of nodes.
Decellularizing Human Hearts: Characterizing Native Cardiac Matrix for Clinical Translation

Purpose Nearly 22 million people suffer from heart failure (HF) worldwide. Heart transplantation is the only viable treatment for HF, but donor organ shortage fails to meet clinical demand. A bioartificial heart could overcome this limitation. The first step towards development is the generation of a perfusable cardiac matrix. Herein, we introduce a standard protocol for decellularizing human hearts and characterize the resulting scaffolds. Methods and Materials Ten human hearts unsuitable for transplantation were retrieved for research, 4 of which were donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors. Applying antegrade coronary perfusion, hearts were decellularized using sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent washes. Valve competency and coronary angiographies were performed with a pressure-controlled pump in a fluoroscopy suite. ECM characterization was done by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for matrix proteins and cardiac cell markers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and equibiaxial mechanical testing. Results Human hearts can be decellularized using antegrade coronary perfusion. IHC and SEM analysis revealed a lack of cells, negative staining for cardiac markers, and intact basement membranes. Valve competency showed all four heart valves exhibited higher regurgitant flow during physiological pressures, though decelled mitral valves showed statistically higher flow. Coronary angiography confirmed preservation of patent coronaries. IHC analysis showed decelled human hearts maintain ECM protein content and structure. Equibiaxial testing of decelled myocardium exhibited non-linear behavior and similar elastic modulus along both axes. Hearts from DCD donors were successfully decellularized, with similar outcomes to non-DCD hearts. Conclusions Decellularization of human hearts renders a native cardiac matrix with ECM-protein retention and perfusable coronary conduits. Successful decellularization of DCD hearts may provide a significant source of new donor grafts, from organs previously considered unsuitable for transplant.
Levels and Variation in Overuse of Fecal Occult Blood Testing in the Veterans Health Administration

BACKGROUND Policy-makers have called for efforts to reduce overuse of cancer screening tests, including colorectal cancer screening (CRCS). Overuse of CRCS tests other than colonoscopy has not been well documented.
How Name Descriptiveness Impacts Proper Name Learning in Young and Older Adults

To elucidate the impact of name descriptiveness and aging on learning new names, 26 young and 26 healthy older participants learned visibly-descriptive (e.g., Lengthy for a giraffe), psychologically-descriptive (e.g., Classy), and non-descriptive (e.g., Sam) proper names for previously-unknown cartoon characters. More visibly-descriptive names were learned than psychologically- or non-descriptive names, which did not differ from each other. There was also a differential benefit for older adults when the name was visibly-descriptive of the referent, such that older adults learned visibly-descriptive names as well as young adults but there were substantial age-related deficits in learning psychologically- and non-descriptive names.
Polar motion, atmospheric angular momentum excitation and earthquakes—correlations and significance

Equatorial atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) excitation functions and polar motion excitation functions (derived by Kalman filtering Very Long Baseline Interferometry polar motion estimates) are compared with the times of 1984-mid-1988 large earthquakes (magnitude greater than or equal to 7.5). There is a moderate correlation between times of large earthquakes and peaks in polar motion excitation. A strong correlation exists between the times of large earthquakes and large peaks in equatorial AAM amplitude; such a correlation is evident for six out of the eight large earthquakes occurring over the studied time interval. The AAM results indicate potential for the temporal prediction of large/great earthquakes.
"Buried" tyrosyl residues and the activity of trypsin.

CHEMICAL modifications of enzymes have generally been used to identify catalytically functional amino-acid residues. Thus, inactivation with diisopropylphosphofluoridate (DFP) has identified a number of ‘seryl’ enzymes1 and interaction with alkylhalides or paramercuribenzoate (PMB) has defined a group of sulphydryl enzymes2. Similarly, we have used N-acetylimidazole to demonstrate a ‘tyrosyl’ enzyme, carboxypeptidase A (ref. 3).
Phase slip and the origin of broad-band noise in NbSe3

Abstract We have investigated the phase slip process which occurs between regions with different time-averaged charge density wave velocities. Longitudinal phase slip at electrical contacts is temperature activated and requires a minimum voltage V ps o . We evaluate the characteristic parameters and their dependence on the CDW order parameter Δ(T). Transverse phase slip, or velocity shear, occurs as a finite size effect associated with irregular crystal cross sections, and is the dominant source of broad band noise in NbSe 3 .