cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Testing and Algorithms for Visual Inspection of Integrated Circuits

This paper deals with the integrated pre-cap testing of integrated circuits (IC's), defined as a simultaneous combination of electrical testing and of visual inspection using image analysis techniques. The emphasis is on image analysis models and algorithms for integrated testing of small and large defects. Two algorithms are presented for the analysis of visible and infrared imagery during electrical testing. Algorithm 1 matches bridges or subgraphs derived from the topological layout. Algorithm 2 computes a figure of merit for the IC from a fuzzy language description.
Private self-consciousness as a moderator of the relationship between value orientations and attitudes.

The author examined implications of private self-consciousness (PrivSC; Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) for the relationships between social values and issue attitudes. Indeed, the author expected that the value orientations of authoritarianism and individualism would shape attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide. Values and attitudes were consistent in the high-PrivSC participants, who tended to be more aware of different beliefs held simultaneously than were the low-PrivSC participants. However, for the low-PrivSC individuals, there was no relationship between values and attitudes. The results of 2 studies among U.S. undergraduate students confirmed these predictions.
Scattering of polarized electrons from polarized targets: Coincidence reactions and prescriptions for polarized half off-shell single nucleon cross-sections

Abstract Coincidence reactions of the type A ( e , e′N)B involving the scattering of polarized electrons from polarized targets are discussed within the context of the plane-wave impulse approximation. Prescriptions are developed for polarized half-off-shell single-nucleon cross sections; the different prescriptions are compared for typical quasi-free kinematics. Illustrative results are presented for coincidence polarized electron scattering from typical polarized nuclei.
Impact of Self-citation on the H Index in the Field of Academic Radiology

Rationale and Objectives The Hirsch Index (H index) is widely applied as a metric of scientific productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of self-citation on the H index in academic radiology. Materials and Methods Through the National Resident Matching Program's Web site, one third (47/139) of radiology residency programs were selected randomly. All chairpersons and full professors were included. Using the Scopus database, we calculated the H index as well as the number of cumulative citations with and without inclusion of self-citations. We determined the proportion of academic staff in which H index increased by one, two, or greater than two integers. We also correlated the proportional increase in H index before and after inclusion of self citations with the number of publications. Results A total of 487 academic staff (47 chair and 440 professors) was identified. Because of self-citation, mean ± SD of the H index increased from 13.7 ± 9.9 to 14.0 ± 10.2; mean ± SD of cumulative citations increased from 1804 ± 1889 to 1870 ± 1971. H index numbers did not change in 376/487 (77%) authors as a result of self-citation. There was no correlation between number of publications and proportional change of H index. Conclusion The effect of self-citation is minimal in academic radiology, as evidenced by the fact that cumulative citations increase by only 2% and the large majority of H index values do not change by even a single integer after inclusion of self-citation.
Intestinal manometry--technical advances, clinical limitations.

The study of the motor function of the small intestine has come a long way from those not-so-far off days when the fluoroscopic examination of the passage of barium and pressure recordings from balloons within the intestinal lumen represented the gamut of available methodologies (1, 2). The development of low-compliance perfusion systems (3), miniaturized strain gauge assemblies (4), and pressure-sensitive radiotelemetric capsules (5) together with major advances in techniques for the collection, storage, and analysis of the signals these sensors generate have rendered prolonged studies of intestinal motor activity in man not only practicable but reliable and quantifiable. Parallel advances in our understanding of the physiology of intestinal motor activity have been no less important. Foremost among these has been the delineation, in several species, including man, of the distinctive motor patterns that occur in the fasted and in the fed states (6). It has also become clear that in the fasted gut, motor activity is organized into a sequence, or cycle, of distinct motor patterns (or phases) that slowly migrates along the small intestine--the migrating motor complex (MMC) (7, 8). Cycles of the MMC continue to recur as long as the subject remains fasted, being interrupted only when a meal is ingested, when they are replaced by a pattern that features intense but apparently random contractile activity--the fed pattern. Given its organized nature, clearly recognizable patterns, and its integration with both motor activity in the stomach, lower esophageal sphincter, gallbladder, and
The Effect of Alcohol on Surfactant Mass Transfer Across the Oil/Brine Interface and Related Phenomena

The effect of alcohol on surfactant mass transfer from bulk solution to the oil/dilute micellar solution interface was studied. Various interfacial properties of the surfactant solutions and their ability for displacing oil were determined. For the surfactant-oil-brine systems studied, the interfacial tension (IFT) and surfactant partition coefficient did not change when isobutanol was added to the following systems: 0.1% TRS 10-410 in 1.5% NaCl vs. n-dodecane and 0.05% TRS 10—80 in 1.0% NaCl vs. n-octane. On the other hand, the interfacial viscosity, oil drop flattening time (i.e. the time required for an oil droplet to flatten out after being deposited on the underside of a polished quartz plate submerged in the micellar solution) and oil displacement efficiency were influenced markedly by the addition of alcohol.
Research note and communication. Reversing the images of BCG's growth/share matrix

Although much criticized in the business press and no longer featured as a leading product by the Boston Consulting Group, the cows, dogs, stars and question marks of the growth/share matrix have become part of the language of business strategy. Their images are powerful, as are the oversimplified prescriptions for action which students and managers may attach to the images: we should kick the dogs, cloister the cows, and throw our money at the stars. To avoid those oversimplifications, we must remember that the dogs may be friendly, the cows may need a bull now and then to remain productive, and the stars may have burned themselves out.
Transfer RNA Precursors Are Accumulated in Escherichia coli in the Absence of RNase E

A temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutant, which contains a heat-labile RNase E, fails to produce 5-S rRNA at a non-permissive temperature. It accumulates a number of RNA molecules in the 4-12-S range. One of these molecules, a 9-S RNA, is a precursor to 5-S rRNA [Ghora, B. K. and Apirion, D. (1978) Cell, 15, 1055-1056]. These molecules were purified and processed in a cell-free system. Some of these RNA molecules, after processing, give rise to products the size of transfer RNA, but not to 5-S-rRNA. Further characterization of the processed products of one such precursor molecule shows that it contains tRNA1Leu and tRNA1His. RNase E is necessary but not sufficient for the processing of this molecule to mature tRNAs in vitro. The accumulation of such tRNA precursors in an RNase E mutant cell and the obligatory participation of RNase E in its processing indicate that RNase E functions in the maturation of transfer RNAs as well as of 5-S rRNA.
Structure and Composition of Trivalent Chromium Process (TCP) Films on Al Alloy

Neutron reflectivity (NR) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) were used to determine the structure and composition of trivalent chromium process (TCP) films on aluminum alloy AA-2024. Two deposition methods were developed: immersion and electroassisted (EA) deposition. The EA deposition method was designed to guarantee a well-defined film with a uniform structure and minimum contamination from Al and additives in the precursor solution. Quantitative NR and XRR analysis of the EA-TCP film confirmed linear growth as a function of deposition time. By analyzing both NR and XRR data on as-prepared and dried films, the film composition was determined to be Cr(2)O(3) x iH(2)O x x(ZrO(2) x jH(2)O) (i = 2.10 +/- 0.55, j = 1.60 +/- 0.45, and x = 0.85 +/- 0.14).
Intermolecular Potentials of Mean Force of Amino Acid Side Chain Interactions in Aqueous Medium

A systematic study of the potentials of mean force (PMF) of hydrogen-bonded amino acid side chains in water is reported. Hydrogen-bonding (HB) partners are classified according to the hybridization state of their donor and acceptor atoms, as well as the net charge of the interacting pairs. This classification leads to a total of 42 classes of representative HB interactions. Constrained molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to calculate the intermolecular mean force (MF) of the solute molecules in an explicit solvent composed of nonpolarizable TIP3P water. Long-range forces are calculated using particle mesh Ewald (PME) summation in a cubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions. The intermolecular PMF are obtained by integrating the MF along a specified reaction path. MF autocorrelation functions and correlation times are calculated for each HB class. Statistical errors in the MF and PMF are estimated and reported. The results are compared with those reported in the literature for simpler syst...
Morphometric integration in the rat (Rattus sp.) scapula

Morphometric integration was analysed in 19 anatomical measures taken on the scapula and humerus in a population of 519 rats. As hypothesized, genetic integration was the highest, the average phenotypic genetic, and environmental correlations being 0·53, 0·67 and 0·42, and the index of integration 0·56, 0·69 and 0·48. Phenotypic and genetic correlation matrices were most similar (correlation =+0.79), genetic and environmental matrices least similar (correlation =+0.49). The first unrotated vector produced from principal components analysis explained a high percentage of the total variation (from 50% in the environmental to 70% in the genetic solution), and was highly heritable in all cases. Rotated vectors defined two length, one width, and one height grouping in the phenotypic solution, these being explained largely in terms of muscle assemblages. The four vectors produced in the genetic solution were similar to those from the phenotypic ones, but were more functionally interpretable. The five vectors produced from the environmental correlations paralleled those from the phenotypic correlations with regard to the length, but not the width measures. The general concordance among appropriate vectors from all three solutions was reasonably high. Twelve of the 13 vectors, as well as several hypothetical ones. exhibited moderate to high heritabilities.
Database technology in health care.

In this paper we will introduce the concepts of database technology in a way that will make it easy to relate the issues of the technology to problems in health care. After the objectives of the database approach have been defined, the major components of databases and their function will be discussed. The remainder of this paper presents the scientific and the operational issues associated with database technology in health care. In the scientific exposition we will begin with the logical design issues, those that assure that the data will reflect the medical environment correctly, and then we will discuss the choices that are available for the physical implementation of a database on a computer system. The operational aspects will range from data entry to output presentation. The importance and growth of these systems has been well documented.1 Rather than providing a survey of the field, this exposition is intended to link general concepts to the practices observed by us2 and others3,4.
Geospatial Structure of a Planetary-Scale Social Network

Little is known about geographic properties of large-scale social networks. In this paper, we examine the geospatial attributes of a planetary-scale social network of 240 million people and 1.3 billion edges. We study the interplay among topological, geographical, and algorithmically generated paths connecting pairs of nodes in a social network. Starting in the realm of cyberspace, we find that topologically shortest paths of average length of 6.6 exist between pairs of nodes in the network and that the average degree of separation among nodes is robust to removal of hub nodes. Moving to the realm of locations and distances in geographic space, we find that topologically shortest paths in the social graph grow with increasing geographic distance between path’s endpoint nodes. We discover that shortest topological paths are geographically inefficient, but that geography provides an important cue for local algorithmic policies for navigating between source and target nodes. Local algorithmic strategies for navigating the larger network structure in the absence of global navigation procedures have varying success. At the early stages of the navigation, navigating to a hub node helps, while in the middle stage, geography provides the most important clue. While local algorithms for navigating have trouble reaching the target node, they are successful in reaching nodes that are geographically close to the target. Taken together, our results demonstrate a complex interplay between topological and geographical properties of social networks and explain the success of local strategies for navigating such networks.
Lipophorin in developing adults of Hyalophora cecropia: Support of yolk formation and preparation for flight

Abstract Lipophorin in Hyalophora cecropia changes from a high density form in diapausing pupal hemolymph (1.143 g/ml in males and 1.139 g/ml in females) to a predominantly low density form in resting adults (1.043 g/ml). The transition takes place primarily during adult eclosion. One week before eclosion, lipophorin undergoes changes in females that are correlated with yolk formation. It becomes 50% more concentrated than in males, its density drops to 1.124 g/ml (compared with 1.134 g/ml in males), it binds apolipophorin III with a stoichiometry of 1:1, and it is joined by small amounts of an adult-like low density lipophorin. Following ovariectomy, lipophorin differed only marginally from this, suggesting that a feedback mechanism prevents it from being encumbered with lipids beyond the level in females that are making yolk. During adsorptive endocytosis by the oocyte, 94% of the lipophorin that is deposited in the yolk is converted to a very high density form (1.232 g/ml), presumably due to the lipid unloading demonstrated earlier in two other lepidopterans. Apolipophorin III and some additional antigenic epitopes of the hemolymph lipophorins were undetectable in the unloaded yolk protein. Yolk contains in addition small amounts of free apoliphorin III and of a high density lipophorin similar to that of the hemolymph; both of these components occur at levels expected for proteins accumulated as solutes in the fluid phase of the oocyte's endocytotic vesicles. Several models are suggested to explain how the apolipophorin III that is bound to lipophorin in the hemolymph of vitellogenic females escapes deposition in the yolk.
STM studies of the effect of pretreatment on the morphology and aspect ratio distribution of crystallites on Pt/HOPG

STM studies of chemically impregnated model Pt catalysts supported on HOPG substrate reveal the dynamics of morphological transformation from catalyst-intermediate to metal crystallites of near-equilibrium shape. Both the morphology and aspect ratio distribution of the crystallites undergo significant changes for catalysts reduced for 0.5, 2, and 60 h at similar pretreatment conditions. The aspect ratio distribution shows that majority (60–70%) of the crystallites have metastable shapes. Another model Pt catalyst was prepared by vacuum deposition of Pt metals onto the graphite substrate. Prior to H2 pretreatment, the Pt particles have random, irregular morphologies which transform to regular spherical shapes after H2 treatment at 250 °C for 30 min.
Diminished Sensitivity to Sad Facial Expressions in High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders is Associated with Symptomatology and Adaptive Functioning

Prior studies implicate facial emotion recognition (FER) difficulties among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, many investigations focus on FER accuracy alone and few examine ecological validity through links with everyday functioning. We compared FER accuracy and perceptual sensitivity (from neutral to full expression) between 42 adolescents with high functioning (IQ > 80) ASD and 31 typically developing adolescents (matched on age, IQ, sex ratio) across six basic emotions and examined links between FER and symptomatology/adaptive functioning within the ASD group. Adolescents with ASD required more intense facial expressions for accurate emotion identification. Controlling for this overall group difference revealed particularly diminished sensitivity to sad facial expressions in ASD, which was uniquely correlated with ratings of autism-related behavior and adaptive functioning.
Vibrational Energy Dynamics of Glycine, N-Methylacetamide, and Benzoate Anion in Aqueous (D2O) Solution

Ultrafast infrared-Raman spectroscopy is used to study vibrational energy dynamics of three molecules in aqueous solution (D2O) that serve as models for the building blocks of peptides. These are glycine-d3 zwitterion (GLY), N-methylacetamide-d (NMA), and benzoate anion (BZ). GLY is the simplest amino acid, NMA a model compound with a peptide bond, and BZ a model for aromatic side chains. An ultrashort IR pulse pumps a parent CH-stretch on each solute. Anti-Stokes Raman monitors energy flow through the solutes’ strongly Raman-active transitions. Stokes Raman of D2O stretching functions as a molecular thermometer to monitor energy dissipation from solute to solvent. A three-stage model is used to summarize the vibrational energy redistribution process and to provide a framework for discussing energy dynamics of different molecules. The initial CH-stretch excitation is found to be delocalized over some or all of the solute molecule in NMA and BZ but not in GLY. The overall time constants for energy dissipat...
Hyphens for disambiguating phrases: effectiveness for young and older adults

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hyphens that disambiguate phrasing in ambiguous sentences influence reading rate and reading comprehension for younger and older adults. Moreover, as working memory (WM) has been implicated in age-related changes in sentence comprehension for both auditory and written materials, we asked if it contributed to comprehension of our sentences with hyphenated and non-hyphenated ambiguous noun phrases (NPs), predicting that the hyphens would reduce WM load. Twenty younger (M = 24 years) and 20 older (M = 73 years) adults read sentences with either ambiguous or non-ambiguous NPs that were either hyphenated or not. Both reading times for the sentences and accuracy on Yes/No questions were measured. Results indicated that younger adults read sentences more rapidly than the older participants whether sentences were presented word-by-word or as complete sentences. Both younger and older adults read sentences with ambiguous hyphenated NPs faster than sentences with ambiguous non-hyphenated NPs. Yes/No question accuracy distinguished reading of the sentences with ambiguous hyphenated phrases from those with ambiguous non-hyphenated phrases for older, but not for younger adults. Regression analyses showed that age contributed to both accuracy and reading times on this task, whereas WM did not.
MR imaging features of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia

We report the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in a 4-year-old girl with characteristic radiographic and computed tomography (CT) features of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. MR imaging exquisitely depicted cranial nerve compression, small foramen magnum, hydrocephalus, and other intracranial complications of this syndrome. A syrinx of the cervical spinal cord was demonstrated. We suggest that MR imaging become a routine component of the evaluation of these patients.
Application of Candida guilliermondii in commercial citrus coatings for biocontrol of Penicillium digitatum on grapefruits

Abstract Candida guilliermondii was evaluated for compatibility with commercial citrus coatings for application to heat-treated grapefruits (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and biological control of Penicillium digitatum. Although constituents of many coatings were fungicidal, FMC 705 and FMC 214 (FMC Corp., Lakeland, FL) and Nature Seal (USDA product) were satisfactory carriers for the yeast. Candida guilliermondii survived for 2 months at 13°C within films of dried coatings on filter paper disks. When applied to grapefruits in FMC 705 or Nature Seal at concentrations calculated to produce initial surface populations of 104 or 106 cfu/cm2, the populations stabilized over 9 weeks at 13°C between 105 and 106 cfu/cm2. Populations of unidentified, native Candida species on fruits were originally 3 × 102 cfu/cm2 before a 3-h quarantine treatment in air at 48°C reduced them to 2 × 101. Although these low native populations on heated fruits subsequently rebounded over 9 weeks to levels approximately 104 cfu/cm2, fruits to which C. guilliermondii was applied remained free of decay 12 to 20% longer in cold storage than fruits not treated with this species.
Do green mutual funds perform well

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the financial performance of green and traditional mutual funds in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 131 green mutual funds identified by US SIF, were compared with the averages of all traditional mutual funds in their respective Morningstar categories. Performance measures analyzed included annualized rates of return, expense ratios, and Sharpe ratios, among others. Most data pertained to at least the past three years, while other data pertained to the most recent 5 to 15 years.Findings – The results demonstrate that green mutual funds have generated lower returns and similar risks compared to traditional mutual funds in their respective Morningstar categories. Green mutual funds have underperformed on a risk‐adjusted basis.Research limitations/implications – Since there is no formal definition of a green mutual fund, the researcher and investor must make a subjective call in assessing which funds invest “green”. However, at least in this e...
Broadening of Impurity Levels in Silicon

Sharp absorption lines have been observed in $p$- and $n$-type silicon whose absolute and relative positions lead to their interpretation as optical transitions between bound states of trapped holes or electrons that are approximately hydrogenic in character. These lines have a finite breadth of the order of 0.001 electron-volt at liquid helium temperatures. This breadth is determined by the zero-point vibrations of the lattice. At higher temperatures, the squared breadth increases in proportion to the mean squared amplitude of oscillation of those lattice modes that contribute significantly to the broadening. The theory indicates that the modes of importance have wavelengths of the order of the Bohr radius of the trapped carrier state. These are rather long wavelength acoustic modes whose energy $h\ensuremath{\omega}$ corresponds to 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Thus the squared broadening is expected to increase by a factor of two from helium to nitrogen temperatures---and this increase is confirmed experimentally. This confirms the hypothesis that the broadening is due to the interaction of the trapped electron with the acoustic lattice vibrations. The form of the electron-lattice interaction is taken to be that of the Bardeen-Shockley deformation potential, and its strength is determined from the experimental mobility. Thus the theory contains no adjustable parameters. In absolute magnitude, the theoretical line breadth turns out to be several times too large. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed.
HHARI Is One HECT of a RING

E3 ubiquitin ligases are the last of an enzyme trio that covalently modifies proteins with ubiquitin, facilitating various cellular functions. In this issue of Structure, Duda and colleagues provide the structural basis for the autoinhibited Ariadne-family of E3-ubiquitin ligases.
Logarithmic Pooling of Priors Linked by a Deterministic Simulation Model

Abstract We consider Bayesian inference when priors and likelihoods are both available for inputs and outputs of a deterministic simulation model. This problem is fundamentally related to the issue of aggregating (i.e., pooling) expert opinion. We survey alternative strategies for aggregation, then describe computational approaches for implementing pooled inference for simulation models. Our approach (1) numerically transforms all priors to the same space; (2) uses log pooling to combine priors; and (3) then draws standard Bayesian inference. We use importance sampling methods, including an iterative, adaptive approach that is more flexible and has less bias in some instances than a simpler alternative. Our exploratory examples are the first steps toward extension of the approach for highly complex and even noninvertible models.
Lysyl oxidase propeptide inhibits smooth muscle cell signaling and proliferation

Lysyl oxidase is required for the normal biosynthesis and maturation of collagen and elastin. It is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells, and its increased expression has been previously found in atherosclerosis and in models of balloon angioplasty. The lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) has more recently been found to have biological activity as a tumor suppressor, and it inhibits Erk1/2 Map kinase activation. We reasoned that LOX-PP may have functions in normal non-transformed cells. We, therefore, investigated its effects on smooth muscle cells, focusing on important biological processes mediated by Erk1/2-dependent signaling pathways including proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In addition, we investigated whether evidence for accumulation of LOX-PP could be found in vivo in a femoral artery injury model. Recombinant LOX-PP was expressed and purified, and was found to inhibit primary rat aorta smooth muscle cell proliferation and DNA synthesis by more than 50%. TNF-α-stimulated MMP-9 expression and Erk1/2 activation were both significantly inhibited by LOX-PP. Immunohistochemistry studies carried out with affinity purified anti-LOX-PP antibody showed that LOX-PP epitopes were expressed at elevated levels in vascular lesions of injured arteries. These novel data suggest that LOX-PP may provide a feedback control mechanism that serves to inhibit properties associated with the development of vascular pathology.
IDENTITY PROCESSES AND SOCIAL STRESS

Social stress can be understood by incorporating interruption theory as developed in research on stress into a model of identity processes drawn from identity theory. From this perspective, social stress results from interruption of the feedback loop that maintains identity processes. I discuss four mechanisms of interruption of identity processes: broken identity loops, interference between identity systems, over-controlled identity systems, and the invocation of episodic identities. Each of these four mechanisms is associated with conditions known to produce feelings of distress. Finally, I discuss how personal evaluation relates to identity processes and distress, and how distress can lead to changes in identity. T hirty years ago inldentity andAnxiety, Stein, Vidich and White (1960) expressed the concern that the advent of a mass society would lead to a "loss of identity" and hence to widespread anxiety or stress. Today, research on social stress is more likely to emphasize the excessive demands and pressures arising from the many roles and identities that people maintain (Holroyd and Lazarus 1982; House 1974). While the implicit contradiction between these contrasting themes of too few or too many identities has not yet been resolved, interest in the relationship between stress or anxiety and identity has grown. In this paper, I propose a model of the relationship between stress and identity. I show that in a variety of situations known to produce stress, stress results from a common mechanism: disruption of the identity process. The importance of this common mechanism is two-fold. First, from the point of view of identity theory, it underlines the importance of understanding identity as a continuous process rather than as a state or trait of an individual. Second, it gives a focus to research on coping and problem solving as mechanisms for dealing with anxiety and distress. While Thoits (1991) has recently suggested that life events related to identities are more likely to produce distress than other life events, the present paper presents a model that helps to clarify this link.
Effect of varying levels of hypohydration on responses during submaximal cycling.

DENGEL, D. R., P. G. WEYAND, D. M. BLACK, and K. J. CURETON. Effect of varying levels of hypohydration on responses during submaximal cycling. Mecl. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 1096–1101, 1992. The effect of varying levels of hypohydration on hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and metabolic responses to progressive incremental submaximal cycling was examined in nine male subjects. Subjects cycled in a neutral (22°C) environment under euhydration (EU), moderate hypohydration (MH), and severe hypohydration (SH). To achieve the desired level of hypohydration, subjects cycled at 50% JOURNAL/mespex/beta/00005768-199210000-00015/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-02T160655Z/r/image-pngO2max for 1.5 h in a 38°C environment on two separate occasions, 36 h prior to testing. Mean (+SE) percent losses in body weight from baseline during EU, MH, and SH were 0.6 ± 0.3%, 3.3 ± 0.1%, and 5.6 ± 0.4%, respectively. Ventilation, O: uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, plasma free fatty acids, plasma glycerol, blood lactate, and hematocrit were not significantly altered by hypohydration. During EU, hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower than during both MH and SH, but no significant difference was observed for plasma volume loss. Plasma glucose was significantly higher during SH compared with EU and MH. These results suggest that hypohydration of up to 5.6% caused by exercise and fluid manipulation over 36 h docs not alter cardiorespiratory or blood lactate responses during progressive incremental submaximal cycling in a neutral environment. However, hepatic metabolism may be altered during hypohydration as indicated by higher plasma glucose levels.
Statistical multilocus methods for disequilibrium analysis in complex traits.

Hundreds of thousands of SNP markers are being generated with the purpose of carrying out case-control association studies for complex traits, which are thought to be due to multiple underlying susceptibility genes. The number of markers is typically much larger than the number of observations so that joint analysis of marker genotypes and their interactions is not feasible. We discuss a two-stage approach to first select a small subset of markers and then model the effects of the selected markers on disease. Examples of two procedures for marker selection are given with subsequent modeling of main and interaction effects. The approaches are applied to a data set with 89 SNPs in lieu of a genome screen with many more markers.
Tandem mass spectrometry of large biomolecule ions by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation.

A new method for the dissociation of large ions formed by electrospray ionization is demonstrated. Ions trapped in a Fourier transform mass spectrometer at pressures below 10-8 Torr are dissociated by elevating the vacuum chamber to temperatures up to 215 °C. Rate constants for dissociation are measured and found to be independent of pressure below 10-7 Torr. This indicates that the ions are activated by absorption of blackbody radiation emitted from the chamber walls. Dissociation efficiencies as high as 100% are obtained. There is no apparent mass limit to this method; ions as large as ubiquitin (8.6 kDa) are readily dissociated. Thermally stable ions, such as melittin 3+ (2.8 kDa), did not dissociate at temperatures up to 200 °C. This method is highly selective for low-energy fragmentation, from which limited sequence information can be obtained. From the temperature dependence of the dissociation rate constants, Arrhenius activation energies in the low-pressure limit are obtained. The lowest energy di...
Preparation of Primary Neurons for Visualizing Neurites in a Frozen-hydrated State Using Cryo-Electron Tomography

Neurites, both dendrites and axons, are neuronal cellular processes that enable the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons. Defining the structure of neurites is critical to understanding how these processes move materials and signals that support synaptic communication. Electron microscopy (EM) has been traditionally used to assess the ultrastructural features within neurites; however, the exposure to organic solvent during dehydration and resin embedding can distort structures. An important unmet goal is the formulation of procedures that allow for structural evaluations not impacted by such artifacts. Here, we have established a detailed and reproducible protocol for growing and flash-freezing whole neurites of different primary neurons on electron microscopy grids followed by their examination with cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). This technique allows for 3-D visualization of frozen, hydrated neurites at nanometer resolution, facilitating assessment of their morphological differences. Our protocol yields an unprecedented view of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurites, and a visualization of hippocampal neurites in their near-native state. As such, these methods create a foundation for future studies on neurites of both normal neurons and those impacted by neurological disorders.
Illusory correlation in a simulated exemplar-based memory

Abstract The “illusory correlation” effect occurs when perceivers make memory-based judgments about two unequal-sized groups of people after receiving information about their behaviors. The stimulus information includes equal proportions of positive and negative behaviors by members of each group, but perceivers generally perceive an association between membership in the smaller group and the less frequent type of behavior. A quantitative model of long-term memory, implemented as a computer simulation, reproduces several known properties of the effect. The simulation uses D. L. Hintzman's memory model, which involves the storage and retrieval of specific experiences but no differential attention or distinctiveness-based encoding or retrieval biases. Besides generating the basic effect, the model also reproduces several detailed patterns of results that have been interpreted as supporting the traditional account for the phenomenon in terms of distinctiveness-biased encoding. This demonstration that there is more than one viable theoretical explanation for the effect has seveval implications for future research and theory on illusory correlation. An Appendix briefly describes failures to replicate the same effect using several PDP (distributed memory) models.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback

s of Papers Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
Is vertical vein ligation necessary in repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Abstract Background . In the repair of total anomalous venous connection, vertical vein ligation is recommended to eliminate left-to-right shunting. However, the small left heart chambers may not always tolerate the immediate increase in blood flow after combined repair and vein ligation. Methods . A retrospective review of 23 infants and children undergoing correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was undertaken to determine whether vertical vein ligation is a necessary component of successful surgical repair. In 14 patients this vein was ligated, whereas in 9 it was left patent. Six patients who underwent ligation and 5 who did not had pulmonary venous obstruction before operation. Results . The operative mortality rate was 36% (5 of 14 patients) for the ligated group compared with 0% (0 of 9 patients) for the nonligated group ( p = 0.06). All deaths occurred in patients with preoperative obstruction and a low mean left atrial pressure, and four of the deaths were directly attributable to left heart failure. Follow-up echocardiography in patients in whom the vertical vein was not ligated revealed adequate cardiac function and no residual left-to-right flow through the previously patent venous conduit. Conclusion . Vertical vein ligation during the repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection is not routinely necessary and actually may be undesirable in patients with preoperative obstruction, in whom the left heart chambers are particularly small.
The Epidemiology of Distal Radius Fractures

Distal radius fractures are one of the most common types of fractures. Although the pediatric and elderly populations are at greatest risk for this injury, distal radius fractures still have a significant impact on the health and well-being of young adults. Data from the past 40 years have documented a trend toward an overall increase in the prevalence of this injury in both the pediatric and elderly populations. Understanding the epidemiology of this fracture is an important step toward the improvement of treatment strategies and the development of preventive measures with which to target this debilitating injury. Language: en
A cost and performance comparison of packed bed and structured thermocline thermal energy storage systems

Abstract A structured concrete thermocline thermal energy storage (TES) system is proposed as an alternative to currently-used TES systems. The issues of material settlement and thermal ratcheting found in packed bed thermocline TES systems is avoided by replacing the packed aggregate bed with structured high-temperature concrete. A summary of all utility scale TES systems with integrated TES in existence today is provided and discussed. Cost reduction options such as replacing two-tank systems with single-tank systems and replacing liquid storage media with solid storage media are discussed along with limitations of both options. Numeric models are developed to simulate the performance of utility scale packed bed and structured thermocline TES systems; efficiencies of 92.37% and 84% are modeled for packed-bed and structured systems. A complete cost analysis of utility-scale, 2165 MWh packed bed and structured systems is conducted; capacity costs of $30/kWh and $34/kWh are determined for packed bed and structured systems respectively. A structured concrete thermocline is deemed to be a viable TES option due to its low cost and the fact that there are no concerns of thermal ratcheting of the tank.
Study of average run lengths for supplementary runs rules in the presence of autocorrelation

The basic assumption underlying statistical control chart criteria is that the process measurements are independent and identically distributed over time. However, autocorrelation and other time-series effects occur frequently in application. In this paper, the effects of autocorrelation are investigated for the frequently advocated supplementary runs rules. For both individual control charts based on the moving range and sample standard deviation, using simulation, the impact of autocorrelation for the AR(1) on in-control average run lengths is given.
Wegener granulomatosis presenting as renal mass

Wegener granulomatosis involves both the respiratory and genitourinary systems. Kidney lesions are invariably focal. Wegener granulomatosis only rarely affects other genitourinary organs and, until now, has not been described as a mass in the kidney. In the case presented, the diagnosis was unknown before surgery, though clinically suspected. The management, which included nephrectomy and chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and prednisone, caused a marked improvement, and the patient was discharged in stable condition.
Recent developments in expert systems

The most important development in expert systems is the introduction and proliferation of frameworks, or shells, that allow rapid prototyping, easy expansion, and continued maintenance. Several shells are now in commercial use and have been used to build expert systems of recognized value. The state of the art and several new lines of development will be discussed. Some of the developments involve fundamental research in AI on knowledge representation and inference; others involve making the shell environments themselves more intelligent.
The C-terminus of the homeodomain is required for functional specificity of the Drosophila rough gene

In contrast to most Drosophila homeobox genes, which are required during embryogenesis, the rough gene is involved in photoreceptor cell specification in the compound eye. Taking advantage of the viability of null rough alleles and the small size of the rough gene, we have combined in vivo and in vitro mutagenesis to define important functional domains in the rough protein. All missense mutations found to disrupt rough function mapped to highly conserved amino acids in the homeodomain (HD), suggesting that the nature of few, if any, single amino acids outside the HD is critical for rough activity. The analysis of chimeric proteins, in which the whole HD or parts of it were swapped between the rough and Antennapedia (Antp) proteins, revealed that the C-terminus of the rough HD is important for rough activity in vivo. This C-terminal region was also found to be required for the recognition of rough binding sites in vitro. Our data suggest that amino acids located in the C-terminus of the homeodomain may play important roles in selective binding site recognition.
Appropriate use of complementary and alternative medicine approaches in gynecologic cancers

Gynecologic cancer patients frequently desire alternative and/or complementary interventions or medicines to aid in relief of both cancer-related and treatment-related side effects. Furthermore, women also seek treatment to aid in superior outcomes and cure rates. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that the use of complementary and/or alternative medicine (CAM) is underreported or not discussed with physicians providing cancer care. In gynecologic cancer literature, there is a lack of scientific evidence either supporting or negating CAM. Because of the lack of information available, health care providers do not have good information regarding safety, efficacy, and dose of CAM. This leads to miscommunication or absence of communication between providers and patients. Because patients do use CAM to improve quality of life (QOL) during and after treatment, it would be educational for providers to know the specific QOL deficits among patients that require attention. Thus, with the ultimate goal of improving QOL for gynecologic cancer patients, providers should be pushed to investigate CAM and determine an honest support or rejection of these therapies.
Reading Level and Locus of Interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task:

Color-word interference as a function of reading level was studied with 20 3rd and 4th graders. An equal amount of interference with color naming due to presentation of colors in a verbal form was ...
Complete 1H and 13C assignment of Lys and Leu sidechains of staphylococcal nuclease using HCCH-COSY and HCCH-TOCSY 3D NMR spectroscopy.

Complete proton and carbon sidechain assignments are reported for 22 lysine and II leucine residues in staphylococcal nuclease, an enzyme with 149 residues. These assignments are readily obtained in a direct manner from the correlations observed in the 3D HCCH-COSY and HCCH-TOCSY spectra and the unknown protein backbone assignments. These assignments open the way to detailed of the sidechain structure and dynamics at the active site, in the hydrophobic core and on the surface of the protein.
The use of transposon insertion zdc-235::Tn10 (min 32) to clone and delete DNA from the terminus region of Escherichia coli.

Transposon zdc-235::Tn10 is inserted at min 32 on the genetic map of Escherichia coli, and we have used this transposon to clone 14 kb of DNA that flanks this insertion. The site of insertion of the transposon, and the restriction map of the cloned DNA, correspond well with the predictions of the Bouche restriction map for the terminus region (Bouche 1982). The zdc-235::Tn10 insertion, along with the zdd-230::Tn9 insertion, was used to obtain deletions of the region that has been cloned. Strains lacking a minimum of 14 kb, and more likely a minimum of 40 kb of DNA, showed no alteration of growth or cell morphology.
Integration of women into the U.S. military

This study reports male attitudes toward women beginning with the admission of women in 1976 to the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. It assesses these attitudes as a consequence of the norms of the military system and notes a trend toward more positive attitudes by successive classes since the Class of 1979. Programmatic measures to nurture and facilitate this positive trend are recommended.
A unified physical picture: Narrow poisson-like distribution for e+e− two-jet events and wide approximate KNO distribution for hadron-hadron collisions☆

Abstract Based on a recently developed unified picture of hadron-hadron and e+e− collisions, comparisons are made between experimental information and theoretical predictions. Further experiments are suggested.
Vortices in anisotropic superfluid neutron star matter near T=Tc

Abstract The structure of a vortex line in superfluid neutron star matter with 3 P 2 pairing is discussed within the framework of an appropriately generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory of the gap.
The Approval Motive, Vicarious Reinforcement and Verbal Conditioning:

This study investigated the relationship of approval motivation to verbal conditioning under vicarious reinforcement. Fifteen college students completed 20 operant trials in a sentence construction...