cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of breast and gynecologic cancers by positron emission tomography.

D ESPITE AN increase in public awareness and the use of screening methods for early detection of cancer, breast, and gynecologic cancers, these cancers are responsible for approximately 66,500 deaths among American women annually (40,200 from breast cancer and 26,300 from gynecologic cancers). 1 Breast and gynecologic cancers represent the most common and second most common malignancies of women, respectively, accounting for 31% and 13% of all cancers in women. 1 In the United States, it is estimated that nearly 192,200 new cases of breast cancer and 80,300 new cases of gynecologic cancer will be diagnosed in 2001.1 Although conventional anatomic imaging methods have improved the detection and management of breast cancer, their role in the diagnosis and evaluation of gynecologic cancers has been less clear. Over the past decade, positron emission tomography (PET), a functional imaging modality, has been shown to have properties ideal for imaging patients with cancers. Currently, PET has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and staging of several types of cancers, and it also has an expanding role in predicting and assessing response to therapy. This review focuses on current and potential clinical applications of PET in the evaluation of breast and gynecologic cancers.
Employee Assistance Programs in the 1980s: Expanding Career Options for Counselors

Employee Assitance Programs (EAPS), as social service programs in business and industry, are increasing, transforming, and offering new and expanded work opportunities for counselors.
CYANOBACTERIAL EVOLUTION AND PROCHLOROPHYTE DIVERSITY AS SEEN IN DNA‐DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE GENE SEQUENCES1

J\ru cleotid e seq u e n re da ta fro tn D.\“4 -depe n dent R.Yz4 polynerase (rpoC) genes xiere used to esaniine the phjlogenetic relationships among the phjcobiliprotein- and three known chlorophjll b-containing (prochlorophjte) cjanobacteria. The phjlogenetic trees obtaipied confirm the poljphjletic nature of the prochlorophjtes. Data from Prochloron cells obtainedfrovi six different tunicate host species suggest that at least ticso closelj related groups of Prochloron exist in the same oren iJi Pnlau, Il‘est Caroline Islands. Oijerall, houei’er, the genetic dil1ersitj within the analjzed samples u~as much smaller than within the nonsjtnbiotic Prochlorococcus.
Bacteriology of Acute and Chronic Frontal Sinusitis

Aspirates of 15 acutely and 13 chronically infected frontal sinuses were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 20 isolates (1.3 per specimen) were recovered from the 15 cases of acute frontal sinusitis, 16 aerobic and facultative isolates (1.1 per specimen) and 4 anaerobic isolates (0.3 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms alone were recovered in 13 specimens (87%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 2 (13%). The predominant aerobic and facultative organisms were Haemophilus influenzae (6), Streptococcus pneumoniae (5), and Moraxella catarrhalis (3). A total of 32 isolates were recovered from the 13 cases (2.5 per patient) of chronic frontal sinusitis, 12 aerobic and facultative isolates (0.9 per specimen) and 20 anaerobic isolates (1.5 per specimen). Aerobic and facultative organisms only were recovered in 3 instances (23%), anaerobes only in 7 instances (54%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 3 instances (23%). The predominant aerobic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (H influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The predominant anaerobes included Prevotella species (8), Peptostreptococcus species (6), and Fusobacterium species (4). These findings illustrate the microbiologic features of acute and chronic frontal sinusitis.
Using Event-Based Parsing to Support Dynamic Protocol Evolution

All systems built from distributed components involve the use of one or more protocols for intercomponent communication. Whether these protocols are based on a broadly used “standard” or are specially designed for a particular application, they are likely to evolve. The goal of the work described here is to contribute techniques that can support protocol evolution. We are concerned not with how or why a protocol might evolve, or even whether that evolution is in some sense correct. Rather, our concern is with making it possible for applications to accommodate protocol changes dynamically. Our approach is based on a method for isolating the syntactic details of a protocol from the semantic concepts manipulated within components. Protocol syntax is formally specified in terms of tokens, message structures, delivery modes, and message sequences. Eventbased parsing techniques are used in a novel way to present to the application the semantic concepts embodied in these syntactic elements. We illustrate our approach by showing how it would support an HTTP 1.1 client interacting with an HTTP 1.0 server.
On the Occurrence of Atmospheric States that are Non-Elliptic for the Balance Equation

Abstract The origins of atmospheric states that are non-elliptic for the height constrained balance equation are examined from observational perspectives. Such states are commonly present in the deep tropics in Objectively analyzed data sets. In order to analyze the source of this phenomenon, we compute terms of the divergence equation (from which the balance equation derives) for disturbed periods of the GATE experiment. Meaningful residuals cannot be obtained because they are obscured by observational uncertainty of the geopotential gradients that are calculated from the hydrostatic equation using temperature observations. The geopotential fields recomputed from the divergence equation using observed wind data appear to be much better determined, but they still produce fields that are non-elliptic for the height constrained nondivergent balance equation. For the convective GATE cases, it appears that the essential balance of the divergence equation is between divergent accelerations, deforming accelerat...
Possible Determinants of Social Dominance among Adolescent Girls

Abstract Little research has been conducted on the possible determinants of dominance in adolescent girls. However, popularity seems largely to reflect a girl's appearance. In this study 50 upper-middle-class girls, 15 to 18 years old, were ranked by 200 classmates of each sex on various traits reputed to be social prerogatives (leadership, popularity, winning disputes, and possessing a positive self-concept) or bodily expressions (standing erect, being relaxed, and maintaining eye contact) of dominance status. Girls who exhibited these signs of dominance were perceived as fashionable, attractive, and well groomed. Athletic ability showed some relation to dominance but intelligence did not. Factor analyses confirmed this intelligence and dominance emerged as separate factors in each sex's perception of the girls. These results suggest that adolescent girls, like boys, compete for dominance in the ethological sense. Boys seem to strive for social success mainly through competence in athletics, and girls th...
EEG sparse source localization via Range Space Rotation

The problem of sparse Electroencephalography (EEG) source localization can be formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem. However, the dictionary matrix (Lead Field) of a realistic head model has high coherence, indicating that the sparse signal, corresponding to brain activations might not be recoverable via l1-norm minimization techniques. In spite of the high coherence in the EEG dictionary matrix, we can still estimate the support of the underlying source signal as long as the problem satisfies the Range Space Property (RSP). In this paper, we show that one can use an initial estimate of the sparse solution to rotate the range of the sensing matrix transpose and obtain high quality source localization. We derive the conditions which the rotation matrix should meet in order to make the unique least l1-norm solution support match the actual source support. We validate the proposed approach using simulations and a real EEG experiment, and compare the results with those obtained by other methods that have been previously proposed for EEG source localization.
The Pluripotency Factor NANOG Binds to GLI Proteins and Represses Hedgehog-mediated Transcription

The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is essential for the maintenance and response of several types of stem cells. To study the transcriptional response of stem cells to HH signaling, we searched for proteins binding to GLI proteins, the transcriptional effectors of the HH pathway in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that both GLI3 and GLI1 bind to the pluripotency factor NANOG. The ectopic expression of NANOG inhibits GLI1-mediated transcriptional responses in a dose-dependent fashion. In differentiating ES cells, the presence of NANOG reduces the transcriptional response of cells to HH. Finally, we found thatGli1andNanogare co-expressed in ES cells at high levels. We propose that NANOG acts as a negative feedback component that provides stem cell-specific regulation of the HH pathway.
Inclusion body myositis. A possible chronic persistent muscle infection by mumps virus.

Inclusion body myositis was diagnosed based on three muscle biopsies on a 24-year-old woman during a 10-month period. She presented with a four-year history of severe painless weakness in her leg muscles that was refractory to both corticosteroid and cytotoxic drugs. Immunostaining for mumps viral antigen was positive for nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in skeletal muscle cells.
Laboratory Studies of Residual Contact Effect of 28 Insecticides on Japanese Beetle Adults

Twenty-eight organic insecticides were tested against Japanese beetle adults, Popillia japonica Newm. Different deposit rates on glass surfaces were aged for up to 35 days. The effectiveness of these deposits was evaluated against Japanese beetle adults during the aging period. Of the materials tested, Guthion and Sevin (N-methyl-1-naphthyl carbamate) proved to be the most effective both in toxicity and length of residual life. Phosdrin and RE-4355 [ O,O -Dimethyl- O -(1,2-dibromo-2,2 dichloro-ethyl) phosphate] were the most rapid in action.
Microcracking, Strain Rate and Large Strain Deformation Effects in Molybdenum Disilicide

High purity molybdenum disilicide was deformed in compression to strains ranging from 5 to >50%. The deformation was accomplished at temperatures in the range 1200°-1400°C and at strain rates from 10−3 to 10−5 sec−1. The strength of this high purity material was found to be at least twice that of MoSi2 produced by the hot pressing of commercial powder. Microstructural examination revealed that subgrain formation resulted from modest strains (≈10%) while dynamic recrystallization was observed following large strains. Transmission microscopy revealed a significant change in the dislocation substructure after straining as the temperature was increased from 1300°C to 1400°C.
Analog Companies-Experiential Business English Listening and Speaking Practice Teaching

Social demand and the current employment situation makes vocational business English listening teaching contents should be more involved in the business day-to-day activities.All aspects of the curriculum,teaching methods and teaching methods should be used to the business task-driven oriented business projects engineering experience alternating business English listening and speaking practice teaching mode to train students of business English majors comprehensive professional capacity,to achieve the standards of the courses and job ability.
Endoscopic and Percutaneous Biliary Drainage Procedures: Role in Preoperative Management, Diagnosis, and Palliation

Most patients with pancreatic cancer develop obstructive jaundice. Management of malignant biliary obstruction is dependent upon factors such as certainty of the diagnosis, symptoms, and resectability status of the patient. Tissue sampling during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has a relatively low sensitivity but high specificity. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment option. Patients with obstructive jaundice have various pathophysiological changes that affect the liver, kidney, heart, and the immune system, potentially increasing the risk of postoperative complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, the role of routine preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in the management of jaundiced patients with resectable pancreatic cancer is controversial. Most clinical studies have failed to show a clear advantage for patients undergoing PBD and have advised against routinely performing these procedures. PBD appears to increase overall morbidity because of procedure-related complications, especially if plastic stents are used for biliary decompression. Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have a longer patency and could reduce the risk of stent-related complications due to early occlusion. PBD may be beneficial in selected patients including those with cholangitis, when surgery is delayed, or when neoadjuvant therapy is planned. ERCP with placement of a short SEMS is the preferred modality and does not interfere with subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Percutaneous and EUS-guided biliary drainage procedures are useful alternatives when ERCP is unsuccessful. SEMS placement is useful as palliation for patients with unresectable disease.
Elementary School Engineering for Fictional Clients in Children’s Literature

The stories children read in elementary school can provide rich problem spaces for engineering design. In this chapter, we present snippets from our project, Integrating Engineering and Literacy (IEL), of students in grades three through five engineering for fictional clients. Children draw from the text to identify problems their clients encounter, consider and plan possible solutions, and test and revise their ideas. One finding is that children’s interest in the characters and understanding of the stories supports their thinking as nascent engineers. They use their understanding of the world and draw on past experiences to act as engineers while attending to relevant details the story. Educators should see these as strengths and build on them, listening to students and their ideas.
Adverse metaphase cytogenetics can be overcome by adding bortezomib and thalidomide to fractionated melphalan transplants

Purpose: To determine whether a reduction in the intensity of Total Therapy (TT) reduces toxicity and maintains efficacy.Experimental Design: A total of 289 patients with gene expression profiling (GEP70)-defined low-risk multiple myeloma were randomized between a standard arm (TT4-S) and a light arm (TT4-L). TT4-L employed one instead of two inductions and consolidations. To compensate for potential loss of efficacy of TT4-L, bortezomib and thalidomide were added to fractionated melphalan 50 mg/m2/d for 4 days.Results: Grade ≥3 toxicities and treatment-related mortalities were not reduced in TT4-L. Complete response (CR) rates were virtually identical (P = 0.2; TT4-S, 59%; TT4-L, 61% at 2 years), although CR duration was superior with TT4-S (P = 0.05; TT4-S, 87%; TT4-L, 81% at 2 years). With a median follow-up of 4.5 years, there was no difference in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Whereas metaphase cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) tended to be an adverse feature in TT4-S, as with predecessor TT trials, the reverse applied to TT4-L. Employing historical TT3a as training and TT3b as test set, 51 gene probes (GEP51) significantly differentiated the presence and absence of CA (q < 0.0001), seven of which function in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Applying the GEP51 model to clinical outcomes, OS and PFS were significantly inferior with GEP51/CA in TT4-S; such a difference was not observed in TT4-L.Conclusions: We identified a prognostic CA-linked GEP51 signature, the adversity of which could be overcome by potentially synergizing anti-multiple myeloma effects of melphalan and bortezomib. These exploratory findings require confirmation in a prospective randomized trial. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2665-72. ©2016 AACR.
Three Ages of Bankruptcy

During the past century, three decisionmaking systems have arisen to accomplish a bankruptcy restructuring — judicial administration, a deal among the firm’s dominant players, and a sale of the firm’s operations in their entirety. Each is embedded in the Bankruptcy Code today, with all having been in play for more than a century and with each having had its heyday — its dominant age. The shifts, rises, and falls among decisionmaking systems have previously been explained by successful evolution in bankruptcy thinking, by the happenstance of the interests and views of lawyers that designed bankruptcy changes, and by the interests of those who influenced decisionmakers. Here I argue that these broad changes also stem from baseline market capacities, which shifted greatly over the past century; I build the case for shifts in underlying market conditions being a major explanation for the shifts in decisionmaking modes. Keeping these three alternative decisionmaking types clearly in mind not only leads to better understanding of how bankruptcy evolved and what bankruptcy can and cannot do, but also facilitates stronger policy decisions today, both here and in the world’s differing bankruptcy systems, as some tasks are best left to the market, others are best handled by the courts, and still others can be left to the inside parties to resolve.
Unit root tests

Unit roots are nonstationary autoregressive (AR) or autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series processes which may include an intercept and/or a trend. These processes are used often in economics and finance, but can also be found in other scientific fields. Unit root tests address the null hypothesis of a unit root, and an alternative hypothesis of a stationary (or trend stationary) time series. Critical values for unit root tests are typically derived via simulation of limiting distributions expressed as functionals of Brownian motions. The critical values for the Dickey Fuller unit root test with a constant and linear trend are derived via simulation in the R language. Simulation studies are presented showing that linear regressions with unit root processes often produce spurious results. Additional simulation studies are reviewed providing statistical evidence that near-unit roots can often result in spurious cointegration relationships. Various unit root tests are presented, including ones that allow for structural breaks in intercept and/or trend. Threshold unit root tests are introduced. Simulation studies are used to compare the unit root tests under various scenarios. The case where the analyzed time series may have stationary and nonstationary segments is also considered. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1396. doi: 10.1002/wics.1396 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Haploidentical Transplant with Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Cell Grafts in Older Adults with AML or MDS

Background: Modern post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) protocols with haploidentical (haplo) donors have dramatically expanded the donor pool for patients requiring hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Initial studies were performed with bone marrow grafts, which require the donor to undergo anesthesia during harvest. Consequently, the use of mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic cells (PBHC) may be desirable, especially with older donors. However, data on PBHC haplo-HCT in older adults is lacking. Objectives: To report the impact of age on transplant-related outcomes in a large cohort of patients undergoing haplo-HCT with PTCy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: We retrospectively identified all adult patients undergoing T cell replete haplo-HCT with PTCy for AML or MDS at our institution from January 2009 to June 2016. Patients were grouped into three cohorts: Age1 ( 65). Patients were scored for disease risk and underlying comorbidities using the Disease Risk Index (DRI) and HCT Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI). Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazards (CPH) model, with all variables pre-specified. Results: We identified 107 patients, 92 with AML and 15 with MDS. Median follow up was 8.0 months in all patients and 18.3 months in patients surviving at last follow-up. Median donor age was 39, 34 and 49 in Age1, Age2 and Age3, respectively (p = 0.02). Donor relationship was also significantly different among Age1 (child: 25%, sibling: 53%, parent, 22%), Age2 (62%, 38%, 0%) and Age3 (64%, 36%, 0%) (p 65 and prior allogeneic HCT were associated with significantly worse survival. Conclusions: The use of PBHC haplo-HCT in older adults with AML or MDS is a feasible treatment option. However, a careful pre-transplant evaluation and analysis of risks and benefits is warranted when offering this transplant modality to older adults. Even after adjusting for pre-transplant comorbidity and disease risk, older age is associated with inferior survival in this cohort. Disclosures DiPersio:Incyte Corporation: Research Funding. Vij:Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Karyopharm: Honoraria. Schroeder:Incyte Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding.
3.330 – Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors: Overview

Since the 1990s, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and related nanostructures have inspired the engineering, scientific, and medical communities to utilize their novel characteristics and superior properties in a variety of applications. Carbon nanostructures can help strengthen materials and composites, further miniaturize electronics, and enable more efficient green energy technology. Many of the exciting possibilities of carbon nanostructures exist in sensing applications, where their unique properties can be applied to improve the detection of biological threats, efficiently and compactly monitor environmental conditions and screen the health of patients, and detect the early onset of disease. Carbon nanostructures come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations, which make them well suited for a broad range of sensing applications. This chapter focuses on the development of several CNT-based sensing platforms and recount the current utilization and application trends in biological sensing.
U.S. Manufacturing: Technology and Public Policy in the “Knowledge Age”

The U.S. economy generally, and manufacturing in particular, are nearing the end of a decade of nearly unprecedented growth and high performance. Manufacturing productivity grew by a rate of 4.4% in 19962 and 1998 industrial output is expected to be about 3% above 1997 levels.3 Durable goods manufacturing, in particular, has been very strong, with increased output of 9.5% in 19974. The stock market is up 150% in the last four years.5
Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain — Is Increased Prescribing a Cause for Concern?

Recent guidelines from the CDC recommend gabapentinoids as first-line agents for neuropathic pain. But some clinicians may be prescribing these medications excessively for various types of acute, subacute, and chronic noncancer pain in an attempt to avoid opioids.
Software Engineering Design Principles Applied to Instructional Design: What can we Learn from our Sister Discipline?

The failure of many instructional design initiatives is often attributed to poor instructional design. Current instructional design models do not provide much insight into design processes for creating e-learning instructional solutions. Given the similarities between the fields of instructional design and software engineering, instructional designers could employ the ideas and techniques employed in software engineering to improve their design solutions. Software engineering development and project management methodologies can be employed to develop effective e-learning solutions. Furthermore, software engineering design principles used to develop high-quality software can be applied to planning and enhancing instruction. Fundamental software design concepts, such as abstraction, modularity, reusability, compatibility, extensibility, scalability, and maintainability are all important factors that can potentially lead to the development of high quality instructional solutions. This paper explores the possibility to integrate software engineering design principles into instructional design for e-learning solutions, which not only augment the generic instructional design approach with the best practices from the field of software engineering, but also make the development process more productive and efficient. Finally, this paper illustrates how all of the software engineering design principles are interrelated and can be realized in practice to enhance the quality of instruction.
The Acquisition Path for Wh-Questions

The topic of wh-questions has been central in language acquisition because it has been pivotal in linguistic theory itself. Rare and intricate sentences—across all known grammars—revealed that wh-extraction was sharply limited by structural “barriers” to movement. Refinement of these questions has progressed from Ross’s (1967, 1986) first Island constraints to the Barriers work (Chomsky 1977, 1981) to Chomsky’s recent Strong Minimalist Thesis (2005, 2008a). The critical claims are about what does not happen, for which no direct empirical evidence can arise. Hence no empirical learning procedure could conceivably work to learn “barriers”. Our perspective is the traditional one: what kinds of innate constraints does a child bring to the acquisition problem and what principles of grammar are on view? A modern extension of that perspective comes from the question: how do innate principles of grammar create an interface with other domains of mind?
Graph pebbling algorithms and Lemke graphs

Abstract Given a simple, connected graph, a pebbling configuration (or just configuration) is a function from its vertex set to the nonnegative integers. A pebbling move between adjacent vertices removes two pebbles from one vertex and adds one pebble to the other. A vertex r is said to be reachable from a configuration if there exists a sequence of pebbling moves that places at least one pebble on r . A configuration is solvable if every vertex is reachable. The pebbling number π ( G ) of a graph G is the minimum integer such that every configuration of size π ( G ) on G is solvable. A graph G is said to satisfy the two-pebbling property if for any configuration with more than 2 π ( G ) − q pebbles, where q is the number of vertices with pebbles, two pebbles can be moved to any vertex of G . A Lemke graph is a graph that does not satisfy the two-pebbling property. In this paper we present a new algorithm to determine if a vertex is reachable with a given configuration and if a configuration on a graph is solvable. We also discuss straightforward algorithms to compute the pebbling number and to determine whether or not a graph has the two-pebbling property. Finally, we use these algorithms to determine all Lemke graphs on at most 9 vertices, finding many previously unknown Lemke graphs.
Quantifying Spatio-Temporal Characteristics via Moran’s Statistics

Moran’s index is a statistic that measures spatial autocorrelation, quantifying the degree of dispersion (or spread and properties) of components in some location/area. Recognizing that a single Moran’s statistic may not give a sufficient summary of the spatial autocorrelation measure, local spatial statistics have been gaining popularity. Accordingly, we propose to partition the area and compute the Moran’s statistic of each subarea. Patterns between the local neighbors are unveiled that would not otherwise be apparent. We consider the measures of Moran’s statistics while incorporating a time factor under a simulated multilevel Poisson phenomena where the dependence among the subareas is captured by the rate of increase of the phenomena over time, starting with a common factor in the scale. Our Moran’s statistics are calculated from an explicit algorithm in a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation setting and further analyzed. The main consequence of our results is that trends and density of point patterns are captured from data and can serve as indices of local patterns. Results are compared to Geary’s statistics.
Mass Flux Experiments in Solid $$^4$$ 4 He: Some History, Recent Work and the Current Status

Measurements that document a number of the characteristics of $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ mass flux through a cell filled with solid $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ carried out at the University of Massachusetts and elsewhere are reviewed. The mass flux is found to be a universal function of temperature, to have nonlinear behavior as a function of the driving chemical potential as might be expected for a Luttinger liquid and the flux can be extinguished at a concentration-dependent temperature by the presence of $$^{3}\hbox {He}$$ . Strong evidence indicates that the flux is carried by the cores of dislocations present in the solid. Some contact with the history of quantum fluids and relevant early work in solid helium is made as is contact with theory related to the notion of a supersolid and mass flux in $$^{4}\hbox {He}$$ .
Contact-Invariant Total Energy Shaping Control for Powered Exoskeletons

Energy shaping methods can be used to design task-invariant feedback control laws for the powered exoskeletons (i.e., orthoses). In order to achieve a desired closed-loop energy, certain matching conditions must be satisfied, which are sets of nonlinear partial differential equations. In this paper, we solve the matching conditions and come up with a new solution for under-actuated systems by using Auckly's method. We find a unified feedback control law that is task-invariant with respect to human inputs and different contact conditions. We propose assistive and resistive shaping strategies to alter the mass/inertia matrix and simulate on a powered knee-ankle exoskeleton. The simulation results show the reduction and increment of the human model's metabolic cost of generating muscular forces in human walking. The interchange between the kinetic and potential energy and the changes in acceleration of the center of mass are also investigated in the simulation.
Power, Ideology, and Women’s Ordination: Discursive Strategies in Three Roman Catholic Documents

This article analyzes through a linguistic lens three official documents of the Roman Catholic Church on women’s ordination; it also identifies various discursive tactics utilized by text creators ...
Simulating Lateral Drift of a Shaped Charge Jet in ALEGRA

Abstract This report investigates the ability of the shock multiphysics hydrocode, ALEGRA, to simulate the lateral drift of a shaped charge jet through stochastic variations of simulation parameters. Stochastic variations in the explosive density and the liner initial yield strength, fracture pressure, and density were introduced, and a method was developed to compare the magnitude of lateral drift between the simulations. The extent to which each of the material parameter variations affected lateral drift is presented and compared to a baseline simulation. Variations in liner yield strength, liner fracture pressure, and explosive density were found to impart a modest amount of lateral drift, while variations in the liner density imparted a significant amount of lateral drift.
Some Notes on "culture", "Humanism", and the "Humanities" in Modern Chinese Cultural Discourses

This paper is written in response to the set of questions first raised by Professor Murray Krieger in the planning memo (October 1992) for the First International Conference For Humanistic Discourses [Surfaces IV. 301-311 (1994)]. The first part of this paper attempts to give a broad survey of issues related to humanism and the humanities in 20th-century China. In recontextualizing some of the key terms in Chinese and their cultural translations, the paper also seeks to lay the comparative ground for locating the institutional structures and spaces for cultural criticism in contemporary Chinese culture and society. I believe that only by locating such crucial differences in cultural practice can a meaningful comparative theory be constructed.
Federal Communications Commission reverse incentive spectrum auction: outcomes and impact on the broadcast industry

This study explores the impact the first reverse incentive spectrum auction in the United States had on the broadcast industry. The reverse incentive auction is considered the first failed spectrum...
The random and comparative study on therapeutic effect and safety between Levetiracetam and Phenobarbital administration for neonatal seizures

Objective To randomly compare the therapeutic effect and safety between Levetiracetam (LEV) and Phenobarbital (PB) in the treatment of neonatal seizures. Methods A total of 61 infants with acute convulsion were randomly divided into 2 groups: LEV group(n=30) and PB group (n=31) during January 2013 to December 2014 in Urumqi Children's Hospital.All neonates received routine management including etiology treatment and adverse drug reaction monitoring.In the LEV group, subjects received oral formulation of LEV with initial loading dose 30 mg/kg, followed by 15 mg/kg twice a day.If the seizures were not controlled completely, PB treatment was added until seizures were completed controlled.If seizures were controlled quickly, the dose of PB was gradually reduced and LEV was used as monotherapy.The subjects in PB group received intramuscular or intravenous injection of PB with 10 mg/kg as the first dose, then 5 mg/(kg·d) oral PB was administered, if seizures were not controlled, LEV treatment was added, then dose of PB was gradually reduced until seizures were controlled completely, and then patients were switched to LEV monotherapy gradually. The drug adverse reactions were observed. Results (1) After LEV or PB monotherapy, 66.7%(20/30 cases) and 54.8%(17/31 cases) of the subjects obtained sustainable seizure free respectively.Although, there was a higher control ratio in LEV group, but no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups (P>0.05). (2) LEV group (16/30 cases, 53.33%) had higher rapid seizure control ratio with seizure controlled within 24 h after first dosage administration than that of PB group(8/31 cases, 25.80%), and there was significant difference (χ2=4.841, P=0.028). Further more, if adding the cases who had to change to use another comparative one (LEV or PB) due to their seizures failure control with the first one treated, LEV group (21/44 cases, 47.72%)still had higher rapid seizure control ratio in total patients than that of PB group(10/41 cases, 24.39%), and there was significant difference (χ2=4.988, P=0.026). (3) Eight cases who changed to LEV after PB as the first treatment drug failed obtained sustainable seizure free.(4) One case in PB group with transient urinary retention was observed but the symptom disappeared 36 h after PB withdrawal, and no significant drug adverse reaction was observed in LEV group. Conclusion LEV is more rapid and safe for seizure control of neonates than PB. Key words: Levetiracetam; Phenobarbital; Seizure; Infant, newborn
A bell-shaped dose–response of topical FGF-1 in accelerating dermal wound healing in aged female BALB/cByJ mice

The objective of this study was to characterize the therapeutic dose–response characteristics for topical FGF-1 in the full-thickness dermal healing of aged female BALB/cByJ mice. The approach utilized a splinted excisional model of dermal healing, and a novel fine-sampled photographic methodology, to quantify key wound healing parameters for different doses of topical FGF-1. The histology of healed wounds, representative of each dose cohort, was also evaluated by section and staining. The results show that topical FGF-1 pharmacotherapy for accelerating dermal healing in aged BALB/cByJ female mice yields a narrow dose–response curve, with diminished therapeutic effect at high concentration (i.e., “bell-shaped” dose–response). The physiological response of FGF-1 in wound healing involves a combination of cell types (including vascular endothelial cells, epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts). These individual cells types in culture can have different FGF-1 dose–response curves; however, only the response of fibroblasts is bell-shaped. The bell-shaped dose–response in dermal healing, therefore, principally reflects the effect upon fibroblasts. A narrow bell-shaped dose–response requires precise dosing of FGF-1 for therapeutic benefit. The results identify the practical dose range to elicit such a benefit.
Nonlinear filtering of light-curve data

Abstract A particle filter with an expectation-maximization (EM) clustering algorithm to approximate the state’s distribution with Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) is proposed to simultaneously estimate the position, velocity, attitude, angular rates, and surface parameters of a space object (SO) in the near-Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Recent work shows that the unscented Kalman filter applied to this problem is susceptible to divergence due to the presence of the many uncertain states estimated. The underlying reasons of the filter’s divergence have not yet been completely revealed and preliminary attributed to information dilution. Under the scenario considered in this paper, it is demonstrated through numerical simulation that the underlying reason for the filter’s divergence in SO tracking is due to the severe nonlinearities of light-curve measurement data coupled with weak observability; rather than information dilution. In addition to the novel particle filter, two alternative estimation techniques based on modifications of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) are introduced to reduce the computational burden while still mitigating filter divergence.
Safety of High-Dose Unfractionated Heparin for Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Obese Patients.

BackgroundOptimal dosing of unfractionated heparin (UFH) for thromboprophylaxis in the obese patient population is uncertain because of their high-risk, prothrombotic state and a complexity of phar...
The Gray Pains of Imprisonment: Examining the Perceptions of Confinement among a Sample of Sexagenarians and Septuagenarians:

While the overall United States prison population has decreased over the last 10 years, the number of sentenced individuals above the age of 50 nearly doubled during the same period. The focus of t...
Diarrhea in the Calf Part I

Before effective management and therapy can be initiated for neonatal diarrhea we must understand normal intestinal function as well as the changes that take place in the intestinal tract leading to the diarrhea. Of even greater importance is a knowledge of secondary and tertiary changes which occur as a result of the altered intestinal transport. First, let us review normal intestinal function in the calf. Milk by-passes the rumen or reticulum and is coagulated by rennin and the acid conditions of the abomasum or true stomach (7). As proteolytic enzymes act, the curd is liquefied and passes into the duodenum where further enzymatic activity breaks down the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. In the jejunum these organic compounds are absorbed as the fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars (4). There is also considerable secretory activity here and some absorption of electrolytes, although the majority of the electrolytes are absorbed further down the intestinal tract in the lower jejunum and ileum (4). Final absorptive function occurs in the upper portion of the colon where feces are normally formed.
Glivenko–Cantelli theorems for integrated functionals of stochastic processes

We prove a Glivenko–Cantelli theorem for integrated functionals of latent continuous-time stochastic processes. Based on a bracketing condition via random brackets, the theorem establishes the uniform convergence of a sequence of empirical occupation measures towards the occupation measure induced by underlying processes over large classes of test functions, including indicator functions, bounded monotone functions, Lipschitz-in-parameter functions, and Holder classes as special cases. The general Glivenko–Cantelli theorem is then applied in more concrete high-frequency statistical settings to establish uniform convergence results for general integrated functionals of the volatility of efficient price and local moments of microstructure noise.
A GLIMPSE INTO SERVICES FOR THE GIFTED/TALENTED IN WESTERN AND EASTERN CULTURES

In this study the evolution of the gifted and talented education wasexplored, followed by a discussion of disparity between thewestern and eastern culture in terms of perceptions of thegifted and talented, diagnosis of the gifted and talented,curriculum options, and service delivery models in these twocultures. Disparity in gifted education between rural andurban areas in China was also discussed in this paper.Recommendations about how to properly serve the gifted andtalented were provided.
Older adults' perceptions of their fall risk in the hospital: An integrative review.

Aims and objectives The objectives of this review are to determine what is currently known about older adults' perceptions of their own fall risk in the hospital and associated factors and explore how perceived fall risk in the hospital is assessed. Background Every year, up to one million patients suffer an accidental fall in the hospital. Despite research efforts during the last decade, inpatient fall rates have not significantly decreased, and about one third of inpatient falls result in injuries. Limited evidence suggests that assessing hospitalised patients' perceptions of their fall risk and engaging them in their own fall prevention can reduce inpatient falls. Design An integrative review. Methods An electronic literature search was conducted in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PsycINFO and PubMed. Data extraction and quality assessments were independently performed by two reviewers. PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting this review. Results Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that hospitalised older adults inadequately estimate their own fall risk. Most participants did not perceive themselves as at risk for falling in the hospital. Educational and motivational interventions can change the patients' perceptions of their own fall risk in the hospital and engage them in fall prevention. The desire to remain independent and feeling vulnerable were associated with fall risk, and the relationship with nursing staff may affect how hospitalised patients perceive their own fall risk. Conclusions Hospitalised adults, and specifically older adults, do not adequately estimate their own fall risk. Factors associated with these perceptions must be further explored to develop assessment tools and interventions to decrease inpatient fall rates. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses' understanding and assessment of hospitalised adults' perception of their own fall risk is important to consider for reducing inpatient falls.
A distant upstream site involved in the negative regulation of the Escherichia coli ompF gene.

The two-component regulatory system, OmpR-EnvZ, of Escherichia coli K-12 regulates the expression of the major outer membrane porin protein, OmpF. OmpR is a DNA-binding protein which acts as both an activator and a repressor to control ompF transcription. In this article, we describe a new OmpR-binding site that is located between 384 to 351 bp upstream from the ompF start point of transcription. Inactivation of this site by insertion of a 22-bp fragment prevents the repression of ompF expression conferred by the dominant negative mutation, envZ473. On the basis of the location of this binding site, the presence of bent DNA in the ompF regulatory region (T. Mizuno, Gene 54:57-64, 1987), and the fact that mutations altering integration host factor result in constitutive ompF expression (P. Tsui, V. Helu, and M. Freundlich, J. Bacteriol. 170:4950-4953, 1988), we propose that the negative regulation of ompF involves a DNA loop structure. Images
ADAPTIVE PLANNING OVER THE CATTLE PRICE CYCLE

Cycles in beef cattle inventories and prices have been documented as far back as 1880 (Breimyer). The inability to identify optimal herd management strategies in response to fluctuating cattle prices is frequently blamed for the low historical returns received by cattle producers (Farris and Mallett). Cattle producers typically react to rising prices by increasing the size of their breeding herd and liquidating a portion of the herd when prices decline. Long lags between the time a cow is bred and the time her calf is weaned and ready for market make it difficult for cow-calf operators to make optimal long-run production plans. And because a cow has a long productive life, several years are required to evaluate the decision to invest in a larger breeding herd by adding more heifers. During this period, prices may fluctuate drastically, so that with hindsight, the decision to increase the investment in the herd may have been a poor choice. The same problem occurs when the herd is liquidated because of dim prospects of earning an immediate profit from the intact herd. The use of other resources probably does not fluctuate much over the cattle cycle. Bebout discovered that land committed to calf production remains fairly constant even in periods of low profits.
Anaerobic oxalate degradation: widespread natural occurrence in aquatic sediments.

Significant concentrations of oxalate (dissolved plus particulate) were present in sediments taken from a diversity of aquatic environments, ranging from 0.1 to 0.7 mmol/liter of sediment. These included pelagic and littoral sediments from two freshwater lakes (Searsville Lake, Calif., and Lake Tahoe, Calif.), a hypersaline, meromictic, alkaline lake (Big Soda Lake, Nev.), and a South San Francisco Bay mud flat and salt marsh. The oxalate concentration of several plant species which are potential detrital inputs to these aquatic sediments ranged from 0.1 to 5.0% (wt/wt). In experiments with litter bags, the oxalate content of Myriophyllum sp. samples buried in freshwater littoral sediments decreased to 7% of the original value in 175 days. This suggests that plant detritus is a potential source of the oxalate within these sediments. [14C]oxalic acid was anaerobically degraded to 14CO2 in all sediment types tested, with higher rates evident in littoral sediments than in the pelagic sediments of the lakes studied. The turnover time of the added [14C]oxalate was less than 1 day in Searsville Lake littoral sediments. The total sediment oxalate concentration did not vary significantly between littoral and pelagic sediments and therefore did not appear to be controlling the rate of oxalate degradation. However, depth profiles of [14C]oxalate mineralization and dissolved oxalate concentration were closely correlated in freshwater littoral sediments; both were greatest in the surface sediments (0 to 5 cm) and decreased with depth. The dissolved oxalate concentration (9.1 μmol/liter of sediment) was only 3% of the total extractable oxalate (277 μmol/liter of sediment) at the sediment surface. These results suggest that anaerobic oxalate degradation is a widespread phenomenon in aquatic sediments and may be limited by the dissolved oxalate concentration within these sediments.