cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The importance of stimulus intensity and duration of steroid administration in suppression of stress-induced ACTH secretion.

The ACTH-releasing activity of two stimuli, lysine vasopressin and epinephrine, was studied at time intervals ranging up to three days after beginning dexamethasone administration. Male rats were given a large pulse dose of dexamethasone to suppress ACTH secretion and the suppression was continued by the administration of dexamethasone in the drinking water. At intervals thereafter, the rats received graded doses of vasopressin or epinephrine. Twenty minutes later, blood was taken for corticosterone determination. The plasma corticosterone response to both stimuli fell progressively with longer durations (and cumulative total amount) of dexamethasone pretreatment. However, the greater the stimulus applied, the longer was the period of time required for suppression of the plasma corticosterone response. While adrenocortical responsiveness to exogenous ACTS also diminished with time, diminished adrenocortical responsiveness alone did not account for the depressed responses to the stimuli as evidenced by the...
Infrared Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements and Predictions of Flow Distribution in a Microchannel Heat Sink *

Abstract The flow distribution in a silicon microchannel heat sink was studied using infrared micro-particle image velocimetry (IR μPIV). The microchannel test piece consisted of seventy-six 110 μm wide × 371 μm deep channels etched into a silicon substrate. Inlet and outlet manifolds, also etched into the substrate, were fed by 1.4 mm inner-diameter tubing ports. An image-processing algorithm was developed that significantly improves the quality of IR μPIV recordings in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. A general expression for the PIV measurement depth is presented, which is valid for PIV images that have undergone a threshold image-processing operation. Experiments were performed at two different flow rates: 10 ml/min (Re = 10.2) and 100 ml/min (Re = 102). Little flow maldistribution was observed at the lower flow rate. However, significant flow maldistribution was observed at Re = 102, with the channels near the centerline having an approximately 30% greater mass flux than the channels near the lateral edges of the heat sink. Numerical simulations carried out for flow in the microchannel heat sink agreed very well with the experimental measurements, validating the use of a computational approach for studying the effect of manifold design on flow distribution in microchannel heat sinks.
Determination of Paraoxonase 1 Status Without the Use of Toxic Organophosphate Substrates

Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1 ) is a member of a tandem 3-gene family localized on human chromosome 7q21-22.1 High-density lipoprotein-associated PON1 2,3 and PON34,5 are synthesized primarily in the liver, whereas PON2 is ubiquitously expressed.1 PON1 was initially characterized and named for its ability to hydrolyze paraoxon, the toxic oxon metabolite of parathion.6 Although Aldridge6 proposed in 1953 that serum paraoxonase (POase) and arylesterase (AREase) activities were carried out by the same enzyme, controversy about 1 versus 2 enzymes persisted for many years, resulting in a reclassification of POase/AREase from EC 3.1.1.2 to EC 3.1.8.1 for PON1 as an example of an organophosphorus (OP) hydrolase.7 The controversy was finally settled when Sorenson et al8 demonstrated both activities in recombinant PON1 . However, the revised nomenclature remains in place. Early studies of plasma PON1 found a large variability of POase activity among different species and in different tissues.6 Serum POase activity distribution studies in human populations revealed an activity polymorphism of high versus low POase activity. Studies on the polymorphic distribution of PON1 in human populations using a variety of different assays revealed bi or trimodal distributions of plasma POase activity (reviewed in Ref. 9). Editorial see p 79 Our initial characterization of the human PON1 cDNA clones revealed 2 coding region polymorphisms Q192R and L55 M.10 Subsequently, it was shown that the Q192R polymorphism determined high versus low rates of paraoxon hydrolysis by the enzyme, with the PON1 R192 alloform specifying high activity.11,12 After the demonstration that high-density lipoprotein-associated PON1 was implicated in reducing low-density lipoprotein13 and high-density lipoprotein14 oxidation, epidemiological studies were undertaken to explore the possible role of genetic variability of PON1 in cardiovascular disease15 (reviewed in Ref. 16). Several meta-analyses of studies that examined only …
FAM129B/MINERVA, a Novel Adherens Junction-associated Protein, Suppresses Apoptosis in HeLa Cells

A recent proteomics study identified FAM129B or MINERVA as a target of the MAP kinase (Erk1/2) signaling cascade in human melanoma cells. Phosphorylation of the protein was found to promote cell invasion and the dissociation of the protein from the cell-cell junctions. Suppression of apoptosis during metastasis is a prerequisite for the survival and spread of cancer cells. During apoptosis, the adherens junctions are disassembled as the dying cell retracts, and new contacts are formed between normal neighboring cells. In this study, we show that FAM129B was cytosolic in exponentially growing HeLa cells but was translocated to the adherens junctions where it colocalized with β-catenin whenever contact between two or more cells was established. Silencing the FAM129B gene expression by specific siRNAs did not induce apoptosis or inhibit the growth of HeLa cells. However, when apoptosis was induced by exposure to TNFα/cycloheximide or other apoptotic signaling molecules, the onset of apoptosis was accelerated 3–4-fold when FAM129B was depleted. Annexin V binding, the inactivation of the DNA repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and the activation of the caspases occurred more rapidly in the cells lacking FAM129B. The rapid induction of apoptosis in FAM129B knockdown cells was reversed by co-transfection with recombinant FAM129B, indicating that its effect on apoptosis was specific. As apoptosis proceeded, FAM129B was degraded and disappeared from the plasma membrane. Thus, one crucial facet of the mechanism by which FAM129B promotes cancer cell invasion is likely to be the suppression of apoptosis.
Solitary Focal Demyelination Leading to Diagnosis of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung (P06.181)

Objective: To present a unique case of lesions playing “Hide and Seek” with a demyelinating lesion in the brain leading to a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Background Paraneoplastic syndromes consisting of a focal demyelinating lesion in the brain or spinal cord are rare but have been reported in the setting of extra cerebral malignant tumors such as seminoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. We have a unique case with a lesion in the brain leading to a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 64-year-old African-American woman presented with right inferior quadranopsia. MRI of the brain showed a 2.2 x 2.5cm contrast enhancing left mesial temporal lesion suspicious for glioma, lymphoma or demyelinating disease. Repeat MRI, functional-MRI and MR-Spectroscopy were done for pre-surgical evaluation a month later showing the same lesion with more definitive partial ring enhancement more suggestive of demyelination. Repetitive CSF analysis showed mild pleiocytosis (≤ 25 WBC) predominantly lymphocytic(≥ 90%) with normal protein and glucose. Lyme, ACE, Viral PCR, culture, cytology and flow-cytometry for lymphoma-markers were negative. IgG index and synthesis were increased and there were 10 oligoclonal bands. Cervical and thoracic spine MRI was negative. Chest CT scan revealed an indeterminate right upper-lobe lesion. Repetitive MRI of the brain showed complete resolution of the lesion coinciding with an increase in the pulmonary lesion size. CT guided biopsy of the lung revealed invasive adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: This is a unique case with a solitary brain lesion leading to a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung leading to an early diagnosis and treatment prior to metastasis. The etiology of the demyelinating brain lesion is most likely paraneoplastic. This case emphasizes the message that in the case of a solitary intracranial lesion “think outside the brain” which can be sometimes critical in in a proper diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Alareddy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aizenberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. White has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zabad has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Biogen Idec, Serono, Inc., and Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
“Beautiful and cantankerous instruments”: telescopes, technology, and astronomy’s changing practice

Between the dedication of the 200” Hale Telescope in 1948 and the completion of today’s 8–10 m behemoths, astronomers’ most iconic symbol, the telescope itself—its design, its technology, and its use—was transformed as a research tool. The importance of this is deceptively simple: in astronomy, technological innovations have often led to new discoveries. Driven by the need to get as much observing time as possible and the desire to take advantage of the best observing conditions, modern observatories have experimented with new technologies and modes of collecting images and spectra. This entailed a re-casting of the telescope by astronomers and science managers as a factory of scientific data. At the same time, contemporary astronomers express considerable unease and apprehension about how these technological changes have altered, in ways subtle and profound, the nature of astronomical observing and what it meant to be an astronomer. This short essay addresses the issues associated with these recent changes in astronomical practice and their connections to astronomers’ desire for ever larger and more complex telescopes.
Deshielding effects in the NMR spectra of ortho-substituted anilides and thioanilides

Abstract The chemical shift of the H-6′ proton in a series of ortho-substituted formanilides, acetanilides, pivalanilides, and benzanilides and their thio analogs is observed at very low fields. The thiocarbonyl group is more effective than a carbonyl group in the deshielding phenomena. The intramolecular hydrogen bonding responsible for the effect is not affected by heating and is only ruptured in strongly basic solvents. The largest chemical shift for a benzene proton (9·50 ppm) appears to have been observed for 2-carbomethoxythioacetanilide.
Viruses and autoimmunity: an affair but not a marriage contract.

Viruses are considered as causative agents and contributors to lesion expression in autoimmune disease, notions best supported by studies in animal model systems. This review discusses relationships between virus infection and autoimmunity focusing on mechanisms by which they could induce autoreactivity. The popular idea of molecular mimicry is viewed skeptically with the reviewers taking the viewpoint that viruses contribute to autoimmunity mainly by inducing several nonspecific inflammatory events that together are sufficient to trigger autoreactivity in genetically receptive hosts.
Simulating vibrational energy flow in proteins: Relaxation rate and mechanism for heme cooling in cytochrome c

The rate and mechanism of the kinetic energy relaxation of directly excited heme in cytochrome c was investigated using classical molecular dynamics simulation. The kinetic energy relaxation was found to be a biphasic exponential decay process with relaxation time constants of 1.5 ps for the fast process and 10.1 ps for the slow process. Approximately 60% of the kinetic energy relaxes on the short time scale. Energy flow from the heme to the protein is found to occur “through bond” via (1) covalent linkages of the heme to the Cys14, Cys17, His18, and Met80 protein residues and (2) hydrogen bonds to Tyr48, Thr49, Asn52, and Thr78 protein residues and nearby water molecules and “through space” via nonbonded collisional energy transfer to nearby heme pocket residuesArg38, Thr40, Gly41, and Phe46. In a previous simulation study by Sagnella and Straub, heme “cooling” in myoglobin was found to proceed via a spatially anisotropic “funneling” mechanism as a single-exponential process with a time constant of 5.9 p...
Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in huntington's disease determined by 18FDG and computed tomographic scan

Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization were measured with positron emission, computed tomography using the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method in 13 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 15 subjects at risk for HD, and 40 normal control subjects. These data were compared with computed tomographic measures of cerebral atrophy, with age, and with duration and severity of symptoms. The results indicate that in HD there is a characteristic decrease in glucose utilization in the caudate and putamen and that this local hypometabolism appears early and precedes bulk tissue loss. In contrast to patients with senile dementia, in these HD patients glucose utilization typically was normal throughout the rest of the brain, regardless of the severity of symptoms and despite apparent shrinkage of brain tissue. Our results suggest the possibility that the caudate may be hypometabolic in some asymptomatic subjects who are potential carriers of the autosomal dominant gene for HD.
Structure and mechanism of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme.

Interleukin-lβ converting enzyme (ICE) processes an inactive precursor to the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-lβ, and may regulate programmed cell death in neuronal cells. The high-resolution structure of human ICE in complex with an inhibitor has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The structure confirms the relationship between human ICE and cell-death proteins in other organisms. The active site spans both the 10 and 20K subunits, which associate to form a tetramer, suggesting a mechanism for ICE autoactivation.
Recurrent hyperventilation tetany due to mild asthma.

There is uncertainty about the boundaries, definition and diagnosis of disorders related to hyperventilation (1,2). The original definition of the hyperventilation syndrome implied an association between anxiety and hyperventilation (3), but more recent reports suggest that severe symptomatic hyperventilation can occur in the absence of reported anxiety and psychiatric morbidity (4-6). The interrelationship of anxiety, panic and hyperventilation is complex and controversial (7). Hyperventilation implies excessive respiratory drive and hypocapnia. Many organic disorders are associated with hypocapnia (2) which can occur in the early stages of most respiratory diseases, left ventricular failure, pulmonary embolus, chronic pain, most major system failures, and drug overdoses (e.g. aspirin). Hypocapnia also occurs with physiological states such as prolonged talking, pyrexia, pregnancy and in the second half of the menstrual cycle. Hyperventilation can cause the sudden onset of alarming symptoms due to both increased chest wall movement, and vasoconstriction and nervous hyperirritability induced by hypocapnic alkalosis. Hypocapnia is only of clinical relevance if it is associated with symptoms, and it has been suggested that hyperventilation only becomes self perpetuating and ultimately chronic if the patient misattributes these symptoms to serious disease, especially if the physician fails to recognise the true nature of the complaints (8). Such misattribution may prove to be the key to the etiology of the hyperventilation syndrome. Mild and moderate asthma can cause profound hypocapnia (9) and clinical experience suggests that asthma is often one of a number of factors contributing to the etiology of recurrent symptomatic hyperventilation (10). However, there is no evidence that an asthmatic, in the absence of other factors, can present with symptoms of hypocapnia sufficiently severe to overshadow the symptoms of airflow obstruction and
Human Hepatocyte Transplantation: Gene Therapy and More?

This time is a very good one if we but know what to do with it. —Ralph Waldo Emerson Liver transplantation is an irreversible and complicated intervention that is presently the only effective treatment for acute liver decompensation and life-threatening liver-based metabolic disease. Acute liver failure, however, is potentially reversible and inborn errors of metabolism often occur in the face of an otherwise normal liver. In addition, the expense and limited supply of donor organs is likely to exclude liver transplantation as an option for most potential patients in the foreseeable future. Since 1969, when a method for isolating primary hepatocytes by collagenase perfusion was developed,1numerous studies have documented the efficacy of hepatocyte transplantation in the laboratory for the treatment of these disorders. Although animal studies have set the stage for clinical application of hepatocyte transplantation, evidence for long-term survival and function of transplanted human hepatocytes has been tantalizingly slow to come. In the last few years, a number of investigators have performed hepatocyte transplantation for life-threatening liver failure. Unfortunately, patients with fulminant liver failure have an extremely variable course and can recover spontaneously, so that improvement in survival or successful bridging to whole organ liver transplantation are endpoints …
Synthesis and Thermal Cure of Anthracenyl-Ethynyl End-Capped Imide Oligomers

The model compound, N-phenyl-4-(9-anthracenylethynyl)phthalimide (3), was synthesized and the thermal curing behavior analyzed. These results were compared to the curing kinetics of similar model compounds N-phenyl-4-(1-naphthylethynyl)phthalimide (1) and N-phenyl-4-phenylethynylphthalimide (2). The cure rates are found to increase in the order of phenyl < naphthyl ≪ anthracenyl with indistinguishable Ea values for 1 and 2. Compound 3 showed a slightly lower Ea for the curing process. The end-capping reagent 4-(9-anthracenylethynyl)phthalic anhydride (4-AnEPA, 4) was prepared and used to synthesize an “anthracenyl−ethynyl terminated imide oligomer” (AnETI-5) and a lower Tg anthracenyl−ethynyl terminated imide-co-oxydiphthalic anhydride oligomer (AnETI-5-ODPA). Kinetic data for the thermal cure of the oligomers were measured by monitoring the change in Tg and applying the DiBenedetto equation. To ensure consistency, the thermal cure kinetics of phenyl−ethynyl terminated imide oligomer (PETI-5), naphthyl−et...
The practice and effect of redistricting

Abstract Measures of gerrymandering that use only the vote for individual legislative or congressional candidates will not accurately reflect the partisan advantage of the districts, because of the uneven distribution of people's residential patterns and incumbency advantages. Gerrymandering must be measured by the vote in the district for a wider-area race. The 1980 redistrictings were assisted by computers, but were not computer drawn. The search for equality of population among districts has been carried to extremes at the expense of other criteria for representation.
Wage Inequality of US Truck Drivers

Using CPS data for the period 1979–2009, the wage dispersion of truck drivers (and subsets of the truck driving sample) is compared with the trends in wage dispersion of males economy-wide. We find that truckers' wages experienced a decrease in inequality post-deregulation, as expected given the literature on regulation's impact on the labor market. We also find that the wage dispersion for truckers is markedly different from males economy-wide, providing evidence that the wage distribution of truck drivers has been dominated by the changing structure of the occupation post-deregulation and largely immune to the factors that increased inequality for the aggregate labor market.
The Portable Community: Mobility and Modernization in Bluegrass Festival Life

Drawing from six years of ethnographic field research, I examine participants' involvement in bluegrass music and festival culture in the American West. Participants left their community-starved home neighborhoods to cultivate what I refer to as “portable communities”: temporary forms of mobile gemeinschaft community that participants found in multiple settings. Festivalgoers articulated a consistent vocabulary of intimacy, inclusion, and simplicity when describing their continued involvement in this setting. They described their involvement as driven by a quest for intimate community, open and equal social relations, and simple living, elements they found in short supply in their daily lives. Whereas traditional community forms depend on residential stability, these participants intentionally cultivated and supported alternatives that emerged in response to participants' geographic mobility.
Magnetic measurements at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory

Recent magnetic measurement activities at LBL have been concentrated in two separate areas, electromagnets and permanent magnets for the Advanced Light Source (ALS), and superconducting magnets for the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSCL). A survey of the many different measurement systems is presented. These include AC magnetic measurements of an ALS booster dipole engineering model magnet, dipole moment measurements of permanent magnet blocks for ALS wigglers and undulators, permeability measurements of samples destined for wiggler and undulator poles, harmonic error analysis of SSC one-meter model dipoles and quadrupoles and five-meter long SSC prototype quadrupoles, harmonic error analysis of ALS dipoles, quadrupoles, and sextupoles, precision Hall probe mapping of ALS storage ring combined function magnets, and the design of the ALS insertion device magnetic mapping system. A Unix-based data acquisition system that is being developed for the SSC is also described. Probes used for magnetic measurements include Helmholtz coils, integral coils, point coils, bucking harmonic analysis coils, several different types of Hall probes, and nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometers. >
Wetting of a Smooth Substrate by Crystal

We report on a molecular dynamics (MD) study of the wetting state of a system of hard spheres near a smooth planar hard wall. A direct simulation at the melting point of a two-phase system between two walls develops all the way from complete wetting by fluid (cos(θ) = 0) via partial wetting state to a final arrangement of complete wetting by crystal (cos(θ) = 1). This implies that a hard sphere fluid spontaneously crystallizes at a smooth hard wall, contrary to existing beliefs.
Achieving Cooperation Under Anarchy: Strategies And Institutions

Cooperation and discord in world politics are explained to a considerable extent by the three factors discussed in the Introduction: mutuality of interest, the shadow of the future, and the number of players. Yet the context of interaction, perceptions, and strategies is also important. Issues are linked to one another through multilevel games, which may be compatible or incompatible. Whether reciprocity constitutes an effective strategy depends both on linkages among issues and on the institutions within which negotiations take place. Perceptions are always significant and often decisive. Decision makers often actively seek to change the contexts within which they act by linking issues, trying to alter others' perceptions, establishing institutions, and promoting new norms. This finding suggests the importance of linking the upward-looking theory of strategy with the downward-looking theory of regimes.
Root Surface Caries in the Molar Teeth of Rice Rats. II. Quantitation of Lesions Induced by High Sucrose Diet

Weanling rice rats were fed either standard laboratory chow or Diet 2000. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, and 15 weeks. There was an increasing amount of exposed root surface and root surface caries with age in the animals fed Diet 2000. There was exposed root surface but no caries in the animals fed laboratory chow.
Late Cenozoic subduction and continental-margin truncation along the northern Middle America Trench: Discussion and reply

No Abstract Available. The article discussed was published in the Bulletin , v. 89, p. 265–276.
Maternal-Fetal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Review of Possible Routes and Cellular Mechanisms of Infection

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among children is increasing in a manner that closely follows the spread of the disease among women. Despite the fact that in utero transmission via the placenta is though to play a major role in the spread of HIV to the pediatric population, little is known about the timing, route(s), and cellular mechanisms by which maternal-fetal transmission occurs. This review attempts to use a developmental and cellular approach to assess the available clinical and laboratory data pertaining to maternal-fetal HIV transmission. While much of this review focuses on the role of the placenta, particularly the placental trophoblast, on the transmission of HIV, potential routes of infection during early development are also discussed. Clinical studies indicate that the placental trophoblast can be infected with HIV but have shed no light on how the virus gains entry to this tissue. While some laboratory studies confirm that trophoblast cells and placental macrophages can be infected with HIV in vitro, many studies are difficult to interpret because of inadequate characterization of the placental cells used. The role of CD4 in the infection of trophoblast remains controversial and clearly warrants a systematic examination. It is also apparent that viral tropism has not received enough attention and more studies using different strains of HIV are required. Thus, several basic questions remain to be answered before strategies to prevent maternal-fetal transmission of HIV can be developed.
Wisconsin end-of-life electronics study

Wisconsin agencies responsible for managing solid waste assumed, based on the number of electronics coming into the state over the past 20 years, that there was a large, latent waste stream of end-of-life (EOL) electronics. This paper discusses an on-going study to assess the current state infrastructure (private and public) and capacity to manage EOL electronic wastes, primarily computers (+peripherals) and TVs. Baseline information will make it possible to estimate the magnitude of EOL wastes, where wastes are currently going and the current state, public and private infrastructure capacity. A potential outcome of this information is effective state waste management policy.
Performance of nonplanar silicon diaphragms under large deflections

The successful realization of many high-performance microactuators, including many microvalves and micropumps, depends critically on the development of diaphragms which are capable of large displacements and free from fatigue. Thin nonplanar silicon diaphragms are promising candidates for such applications since they can be batch fabricated using techniques and materials that are compatible with the other portions of these devices. This paper reports the detailed simulation, fabrication, and characterization of such diaphragms, which are corrugated-bossed structures that unfold, accordion-like, to produce high boss deflections. Boron-doped diaphragms 1 mm on a side, 3 /spl mu/m in thickness, and containing five 10-/spl mu/m-deep corrugations produce boss deflections of more than 30 /spl mu/m at 760 mmHg, in close agreement with simulations. The maximum deflection measured at diaphragm fracture is 38 /spl mu/m under a 1050 mmHg differential pressure. The effects on load-deflection performance due to changes in diaphragm internal stress (residual stress), corrugation profile, and diaphragm thickness are also explored. >
Microjet array flow boiling with R134a and the effect of dissolved nitrogen

Abstract An investigation of flow boiling with two arrays of microjets with R134a was conducted. Velocities of 4 and 7 m/s, subcoolings of 10, 20, and 30 °C, and jet-to-heater area ratios of 8.9% and 21% were employed. Lower subcoolings and lower velocities were found to enhance boiling and reduce the onset of nucleate boiling heat flux. The area ratio did not influence the onset of nucleate boiling but did increase the boiling enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient. Also, a previous hypothesis that nitrogen dissolved into the working fluid prevented premature temperature excursion was tested with controlled mixtures and was not substantiated.
Determinants of the accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring in non-critically ill patients with heart failure or severe hyperglycemia.

Background:The accuracy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in non-critically ill hospitalized patients with heart failure or severe hyperglycemia (SH) is unknown.Methods:Hospitalized patients w...
Distress before chemotherapy predicts delayed but not acute nausea.

Introduction Posttreatment nausea (PTN) is a common side effect of cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy. Previous retrospective research has suggested that the severity of PTN may be, in part, related to pretreatment psychological factors (e.g., emotional distress and expectations for nausea).
Strained AlGaInAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and quantum-well lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Suitable growth conditions for strained AlGaInAs grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are presented, and strained layer multiple quantum well AlGaInAs lasers grown by MBE are demonstrated. Low-temperature photoluminescence was used to characterize quantum wells grown at different temperatures with different Al, Ga, and In compositions to establish growth parameters. >
Molecular dynamics and experimental investigation of H2 and O2 diffusion in [Fe]-hydrogenase

The [Fe]-hydrogenase enzymes are highly efficient H2 catalysts found in ecologically and phylogenetically diverse microorganisms, including the photosynthetic green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Although these enzymes can occur in several forms, H2 catalysis takes place at a unique [FeS] prosthetic group or H-cluster, located at the active site. Significant to the function of hydrogenases is how the surrounding protein structure facilitates substrate-product transfer, and protects the active site H-cluster from inactivation. To elucidate the role of protein structure in O2 inactivation of [Fe]-hydrogenases, experimental and theoretical investigations have been performed. Molecular dynamics was used to comparatively investigate O2 and H2 diffusion in CpI ([Fe]-hydrogenase I from Clostridium pasteurianum). Our preliminary results suggest that H2 diffuses more easily and freely than O2, which is restricted to a small number of allowed pathways to and from the active site. These O2 pathways are located in the conserved active site domain, shown experimentally to have an essential role in active site protection.
The Architectural Uncanny

This essay argues that (post)colonial cities are often studies in what Anthony Vidler calls the ‘architectural uncanny’. Imperial powers use mapping, building and urban design projects literally to shift the ground beneath natives' feet – a strategy that makes familiar ground seem uncannily foreign. The essay takes Belfast as a case study, tracing significant elements of the British design programme in the city from the seventeenth century onwards and connecting these elements to the segregated, sectarianized geography of the contemporary (post-)conflict city. However, far from ascribing absolute power to this ‘unhomely’ landscape, this essay examines the ways in which architectural space enables structures of both subjection and subversion. It reads the work of writers Ciaran Carson and Glenn Patterson for insubordinate spatial practices, practices that refute architectural authority by salvaging unpredictability, even play, for local pedestrians. These subterranean navigational tactics allow natives to ...
Symptomatic and Nonamyloid/Tau Based Pharmacologic Treatment for Alzheimer Disease

In this work we consider marketed drugs for Alzheimer disease (AD) including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is) and antiglutamatergic treatment involving the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. We discuss medications and substances available for use as cognitive enhancers that are not approved for AD or cognitive impairment, and other neurotransmitter-related therapies in development or currently being researched. We also review putative therapies that aim to slow disease progression by mechanisms not directly related to amyloid or tau.
The Descriptive Criterion and Models of God-Modeling: Response to Hustwit’s “Can Models of God Compete?”

In “Can Models of God Compete?”, J. R. Hustwit engages with fundamental questions regarding the epistemological foundations of modeling God. He argues that the approach of fallibilism best captures the criteria he employs to choose among different “models of God-modeling,” including one criterion that I call the Descriptive Criterion. I argue that Hustwit’s case for fallibilism should include both a stronger defense for the Descriptive Criterion and an explanation of the reasons that fallibilism does not run awry of this criterion in virtue of its apparent inability to make sense of debates among models of God extant in religious communities. This paper was delivered during the APA Pacific 2007 Mini-Conference on Models of God.
Measurement of glomerular filtration rate.

(1971). Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-43.
Consumer preference among fluid milks: low‐fat vs. high‐fat milk consumption in the United States

The present study uses data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994–1996, 1998 in order to analyse milk consumption by type, specifically high-fat milk vs. low-fat milk. Whereas trend analysis displays an overall increase in low-fat milk consumption over the last few decades in the United States, a number of individuals still consume high-fat milk varieties, and overall dietary intakes have yet to achieve recommended levels. In light of recent research regarding fat intakes, it is important to understand what factors might cause consumers to purchase high-fat options given the number of low-fat options available in the market. Through the use of Logistic regression, key socio-economic and demographic variables are analysed in order to determine their impacts on the probability of consuming low-fat milk vs. high-fat milk. The results indicate that a number of factors do influence probability of low-fat milk consumption as compared with high-fat milk consumption. Most notably, probability of low-fat milk consumption appears to be positively related to age, education level, and income level. African Americans and other minorities had a lower probability of consuming low-fat milk when compared with White people in the sample population. Also, those respondents designated as low income or living in the South were less likely to consume low-fat milk.
A flexible two-stage procedure for identifying gene sets that are differentially expressed

Motivation: Microarray data analysis has expanded from testing individual genes for differential expression to testing gene sets for differential expression. The tests at the gene set level may focus on multivariate expression changes or on the differential expression of at least one gene in the gene set. These tests may be powerful at detecting subtle changes in expression, but findings at the gene set level need to be examined further to understand whether they are informative and if so how. Results: We propose to first test for differential expression at the gene set level but then proceed to test for differential expression of individual genes within discovered gene sets. We introduce the overall false discovery rate (OFDR) as an appropriate error rate to control when testing multiple gene sets and genes. We illustrate the advantage of this procedure over procedures that only test gene sets or individual genes. Availability: R code ( www.r-project.org) for implementing our approach is included as supplementary material. Contact: ruheller@whatron.upenn.edu
Evidence for a Population Expansion in the West Nile Virus Vector Culex tarsalis

Population genetic structure of the West Nile Virus vector Culex tarsalis was investigated in 5 states in the western United States using 5 microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) gene. ND4 sequence analysis revealed a lack of isolation by distance, panmixia across all populations, an excess of rare haplotypes, and a star-like phylogeny. Microsatellites revealed moderate genetic differentiation and isolation by distance, with the largest genetic distance occurring between populations in southern California and New Mexico (F(ST) = 0.146). Clustering analysis and analysis of molecular variance on microsatellite data indicated the presence of 3 broad population clusters. Mismatch distributions and site-frequency spectra derived from mitochondrial ND4 sequences displayed pattern's characteristic of population expansion. Fu and Li's D* and F*, Fu's F(S), and Tajima's D statistics performed on ND4 sequences all revealed significant, negative deviations from mutation-drift equilibrium. Microsatellite-based multilocus heterozygosity tests showed evidence of range expansion in the majority of populations. Our results suggest that C. tarsalis underwent a range expansion across the western United States within the last 375,000-560,000 years, which may have been associated with Pleistocene glaciation events that occurred in the midwestern and western United States between 350,000 and 1 MYA.
Tests of a Digital Hadron Calorimeter

We present the concept of a Digital Hadron Calorimeter with Resistive Plate Chambers as active elements for use in a detector optimized for the application of Particle Flow Algorithms to the measurement of hadronic jets. We report on tests of a small scale prototype calorimeter using muons, positrons and pions from the Fermilab test beam. The results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations of the set-up and provide a first validation of the concept of a Digital Hadron Calorimeter. We conclude with a progress report on the construction of a larger prototype section.
1546HIV Patients' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

PURPOSE • The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) is designed to improve insurance coverage and access to healthcare for many people living in the United States. • The ACA stands to uniquely impact persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), many of whom are uninsured and reliant on Ryan White Care Act funded programs for coverage of their HIV care. • Through the ACA, many PLWH have become eligible for expanded Medicaid coverage in participating states, or for private insurance coverage through the federal or state exchanges. • It is unclear what PLWH understand about how the ACA stands to potentially affect how they receive healthcare, and what their opinions are about these changes.
Enrollment, retention, and activity in an online Master Gardener course.

An online version of the OSU Master Gardener training course was launched in the fall of 2006. Student retention in the online course was comparable to retention in on-site trainings. Students who were most active in the course, measured as the number of optional assignments and quizzes completed, were more likely to score higher on the final exam. Online courses have the capacity to broaden the reach of Extension and to allow individuals who traditionally could not take advantage of programs to become a part of the Extension community. Introduction and Need Oregon State University (OSU) Extension Service Master Gardener volunteers extend OSU's ability to assist the citizens of Oregon. After receiving extensive training from OSU Extension faculty, Master Gardeners are certified to provide non-biased, science-based information to citizens who are seeking a diagnosis, advice, or information on a plant, garden, or home horticultural issue. Master Gardener training involves several weeks of coursework (e.g. lectures, quizzes and/or assignment), followed by a volunteer practicum. Historically, the coursework associated with Master Gardener training is annually offered out of county Extension offices. In all but two of the 28 counties that offered Master Gardener training in 2009, this coursework was scheduled during a weekday. Although this model has been extremely successful in recruiting and training a highly qualified corps of Master Gardener volunteers, the timing of trainings precludes many potential participants from enrolling. In particular, individuals who work during the day are often not in a position to attend the coursework phase of Master Gardener training. Developing and delivering an online version of the Master Gardener training course is one way to enhance Extension's capacity to provide educational opportunities for all Oregonians (Dromgoole & Boleman, 2006). Online training courses, including an online Master Gardener training course taught at OSU in 2000, have been well received by Extension audiences (VanderZanden, Rost, & Eckel, 2002; Parker, 2009). The earlier offering of an online Master Gardener course was conducted on a limited scale, with a total of 31 students taking the course during a single offering. All 31 of these students took the online course as part of the requirements to earning a Master Gardener badge. Of these 31 students, 10 remain active Master Gardeners nearly 10 years after completing the online course (Langellotto-Rhodaback, unpublished data). Enrollment, Retention, and Activity in an Online Master Gardener Course 08/30/10 06:15:26
Joan Roughgarden. Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People

Evolution’s Rainbow is biologist Joan Roughgarden’s epic attempt to undermine Darwin’s sexual selection theory—along with the troubled political and cultural phenomena it has engendered—by mapping ...
Sexual Identity Development and Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese Lesbians

Little is known about the sexual identity development process and psychological adjustment of lesbians living in Asia. The subjective well-being (SWB), including satisfaction with life, hope, and h...
Bacterial LPS and IFN-gamma trigger the tyrosine phosphorylation of vav in macrophages: evidence for involvement of the hck tyrosine kinase.

We and others have previously reported that tyrosine kinases play key roles in the activation of macrophages by both bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-y (IFN-"y). However, little is known regarding the substrates of tyrosine phospho- rylation that mediate macrophage activation and the resultant production of inflammatory mediators. In lymphocytes and other hematopoietic lineages, ty- rosine phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene vav ap- pears to be an essential component of cell activation. In this study, we demonstrate that both LPS and rIFN- -y trigger the prompt, dose-dependent tyrosine phos- phorylation of vav in murine RAW 264.7 macro- phages. In addition, vav is physically associated with the sre-related kinase hck in murine macrophages, and antisense oligonucleotides specific for murine hck block both LPS and ri FN-'y-mediated vav phosphory- lation. These findings suggest that hck probably medi- ates vav tyrosine phosphorylation during macrophage activation and that LPS and rIFN-"y-mediated signal- ing pathways partially overlap. J. Leukoc. Blot. 62: 859-874; 1997.
Mining evolving patterns in dynamic relational networks

Dynamic networks have recently been recognized as a powerful abstraction to model and represent the temporal changes and dynamic aspects of the data underlying many complex systems. This recognition has resulted in a burst of research activity related to modeling, analyzing, and understanding the properties, characteristics, and evolution of such dynamic networks. The focus of this growing research has been on mainly defining important recurrent structural patterns and developing algorithms for their identification. Most of these tools are not designed to identify time-persistent relational patterns or do not focus on tracking the changes of these relational patterns over time. Analysis of temporal aspects of the entity relations in these networks can provide significant insight in determining the conserved relational patterns and the evolution of such patterns over time. In this chapter we present new data mining methods for analyzing the temporal evolution of relations between entities of relational networks. A qualitative analysis of the results shows that the discovered patterns are able to capture network characteristics that can be used as features for modeling the underlying dynamic network in the context of a classification task.
Cerebral Evoked Responses in Dyslexic Children

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses cerebral evoked responses in dyslexic children. The cerebral evoked responses, including the visual and the auditory (VER and AER) and the contingent negative variation (CNV), are compared in normal-reading and reading-handicapped or dyslexic children. The children are selected from referrals to the University's Learning Disabilities Center who are significantly retarded in their reading level by at least two grade levels below their expected performance by national American norms. Primary dyslexia is defined by the absence of other factors that could account for the presence of a severe learning disability (physical or emotional), such as a history of neurological disease, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or other brain impairments, severe emotional disturbance, or the socioeconomic deprivation that could account for reading disabilities on a behavioral basis. All subjects are white middle-class children from a suburban public school system, to assure homogeneity. A volunteer control group of 11 children matched for age, sex and intelligence, but with normal-grade learning and reading ability re selected from the same community.
Techno-Ethics: upon shifting selves and translocal networks constructing the metropolis

Current and developing cybernetic and electronic technologies raise new questions for ethics and also alter the understanding and operation of ethics. Examinations of anime, urban planning, and recent anthropological reflection provide means to grasp agent, evaluation, and the creation of norms for internet systems and ICT devices.