cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of baseline absolute lymphocyte concentration and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in dogs with newly diagnosed multi-centric lymphoma

Canine multi-centric B-cell lymphoma shares similarities with diffuse large B-cell (Non-Hodgkin's) lymphoma (NHL) in people. In people with NHL, lymphopenia at diagnosis and first relapse and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) > 3.5 are negative prognostic factors for survival. The objective of this study was to determine if lymphocyte concentration at diagnosis and first relapse and N:L were prognostic for survival in dogs with newly diagnosed multi-centric lymphoma. Medical records of 77 dogs with multi-centric lymphoma treated with a CHOP-based chemotherapy protocol were retrospectively evaluated. Absolute lymphocyte concentration and N:L ratio at presentation of dogs pre-treated with steroids was not significantly different from dogs who had not received steroids. On multivariate analysis, only immunophenotype remained significant for progression-free survival (PFS), whereas no variables remained significant for ST. A prospective study of these haematologic variables is warranted to assess their true significance.
En el festín de la civilización: los límites de la hegemonía de los hacendados a comienzos del siglo XX en Colombia

Asi Colombia se haya vuelto una republica de cafeteros en el primer tercio del siglo XX, no se la puede considerar como una republica de hacendados en ese entonces. Los propietarios de haciendas del valle del Alto Magdalena en la parte central de Colombia, que constituian el nucleo de los agricultores de exportacion a gran escala de la nacion, no pudieron ejercer control sobre el destino del pais. Por el contrario, no tuvieron exito en establecerse a si mismos como la fuerza principal dentro de la oligarquia colombiana ni en crear un instrumento politico coherente y perdurable de gobierno de Clase alta, independiente de los partidos politicos tradicionales. Finalmente, los hacendados cafeteros se mostraron incapaces de articular, mucho menos realizar, una vision hegemonica de la elite y cobijar a la extensa mayoria de sus conciudadanos.
Reciprocal point‐to‐point connections between parastriate and striate cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri)

Experimental-anatomical evidence is presented that in Saimiri two fiber systems project from area 18 upon area 17. Both systems terminate exclusively in layer I of area 17; in some other respects they exhibit characteristic differences. The fibers of the Horizontal System ascend from their origin in area 18 directly into layer I where they travel horizontally and parallel to each other to their termination site in area 17. This system is locally restricted since it connects only posterior area 18 with anterior area 17, i.e., it connects portions of both areas located near the representation line of the zero vertical meridian of the visual field. The fibers of the U-fiber System arise from the supragranular layers of area 18. They reach their termination site in area 17 via the white matter from which they ascend perpendicularly into layer I. The U-fiber system establishes a mirrorimage point-to-point connection between area 18 and area 17. This finding combined with the results of previous reports describing the similarly ordered association of area 17 with area 18 demonstrates a precisely organized reciprocal point-to-point connection between areas 17 and 18.
When actions speak too much louder than words: Hand gestures disrupt word learning when phonetic demands are high

It is now widely accepted that hand gestures help people understand and learn language. Here, we provide an exception to this general rule—when phonetic demands are high, gesture actually hurts. Native English-speaking adults were instructed on the meaning of novel Japanese word pairs that were for non-native speakers phonetically hard (/ite/ vs. /itte/, which differ by only a geminate) or easy (/tate/ vs. /butta/, which differ by a geminate and also their segmental composition). The words were presented either with or without congruent iconic gestures, for example, “Ite means stay” (with a STAY gesture). After instruction, participants were given phonetic and vocabulary tests for the words they had learned. Although performance for the phonetic task was above chance for all conditions, gesture played different roles in the semantic task for easy and hard word pairs—it helped word learning for easy pairs, but it hurt for hard pairs. These results suggest that gesture and speech are semantically integrated...
Revealing stratigraphy in ground-penetrating radar data using domain filtering

A common-offset ground-penetrating radar profile was collected from a mid-continent fluvial environment characterized by sand with discontinuous clay layers. Signal was separated from coherent noise by a domain filter that exploits local differences in dip between signal and noise. This filter proved effective in separating reflections from the direct air wave and from system ringing. The processed section locates the base of a Pleistocene river channel incised into bedrock and shows a change in a recent position of the river on the basis of radar character. The water table, which lies at a depth of approximately 2 m, is characterized by a continuous reflection. An earlier reflection is interpreted as a perched lens of water near the ground surface. The predominant frequency of both reflections varies greatly with position along the profile. Shallow cores taken along the profile provide evidence that grain size in the transition zone from saturated to unsaturated sediments may determine the predominant frequency of the associated radar reflection. The domain filter is also successful in separating transition zone reflections from saturated layer boundary reflections that are coincident in arrival time. It is possible, therefore, to determine both grain size in the transition zone and the dip of sediments immediately beneath it even if the reflections from the two are superimposed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A SEVENTH FAMILY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN VH GENE SEGMENTS IN THE CHANNEL CATFISH, ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS

A VH gene segment that could not be assigned to any of the six known VH gene families of the channel catfish was identified in a genomic clone containing VH gene segments. This gene segment (designated VH7.1) exhibited the structural features characteristic of vertebrate VH genes, specifically potential upstream regulatory sequences, a leader sequence split by an intron, a reading frame that could be readily divided into framework and complementarity determining regions, and a 3' recombination signal sequence. Two regions of nucleotide deletions coupled with degeneracy in the nonamer sequence indicate that this VH gene segment is a pseudogene. Genomic DNA restricted with different enzymes and hybridized under stringent conditions with probes derived from VH7.1 showed that 8-10 bands were present in Southern blots. Reverse transcriptase PCR approaches were used to determine if any of these related sequences were expressed. Sequence analysis of cloned PCR products indicates that different VH gene segments exhibiting >80% similarity to germline VH7.1 are expressed. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the expressed cVH7a cDNA sequence shared less than 60% nucleotide similarity with representative cDNA sequences from the other known catfish VH gene families. These combined results thus fulfil the criteria for the definition of a new family of catfish VH gene segments. This newly defined, small VH family is designated VH7.
Reduced-Order Kalman Filtering with Relative Measurements

In this paper, the symbol zk is used to denote a relative measurement, shown in Eq. (1), and yk is used to denote a conventional measurement, shown in Eq. (2). As an example, let x 2 R denote the three-dimensional position of a helicopter. Consider the situation of Fig. 2where a scanning lidar measures the vector offset f x noise (dashed lines) to a feature at location f at two different timesm and k, form< k. Denote the measurements as m f xm noise and k f xk noise, respectively. If f is known, then a conventional Kalman filter can be used to apply measurements m and k separately at their respective times m and k. However, if f is unknown, the situation becomes more complicated. Assume that a lidar preprocessing system is capable of recognizing that the feature at f is common to the two measurements m and k. Forming the difference as zk m k xk xm noise gives a relative measurement of the desired form Eq. (1). In the time interval between m and k it is possible that conventional (i.e., nonrelative) measurements are also available. For instance, these can be of the position type (beacons, satellite-based metrology, camera-based landmark tracking, etc.) or of the velocity type (velocimeters, Doppler radar, etc.). Such additional measurements play the role of the intervening measurements in the current formulation. Many extensions of this application are possible. For example, full pose measurements and camera-derived bearing angles are used as relative measurements [2–4]. Because the relative measurement zk depends on an earlier state xm, it does not directly fit into the standard Kalman filter mechanization.One knownmethod to handle a relativemeasurement is to replicate the state xm at time m to give a new augmented-state vector A m xm; xm T (cf. [7]). The replicated part of the state is given constant dynamics, and the augmented system is propagated until time k at which time the relative measurement can be incorporated using a linear measurement of the form
The biological efficacy of the transfer function

The most popular neural network strategy is back propagation. This strategy initiated general interest in neural networks among researchers. While back propagation can solve nonlinear problems, it is considered to be a poor example of neuron functioning. Recently, Gardner (1993) has made a strong case for a back propagating phenomenon in networks of living neurons. In this paper, we present a few simple computational examples that investigate another component of the typical back propagation network. The effects of varying transfer functions are illustrated along with the resulting variations in possible synaptic weights. Graphic presentations in 3-D space of the relationship between transfer functions and synaptic weights suggest neural analogies of cell-firing rate and network control.
Granule cells migrate within raphes in the developing cerebellum: an evolutionarily conserved morphogenic event.

The early phase of granule cell migration in the developing chick cerebellum occurs within ribbons of cells moving through parasagittally arrayed gaps between Purkinje cell clusters. These parasagittal arrays of migrating granule cells, termed "granule cell raphes," also have been reported in rabbit and cat, but recent publications variously report that granule cell raphes are absent or present in rodents. By using Nissl counterstaining and Pax6 immunohistochemistry, we confirm that granule cells do migrate in raphes in the developing mouse cerebellum, and also in the primate cerebellum during a period of development that coincides with Purkinje cell compartmentation. In mouse and primate cerebellum, as in chick cerebellum, granule cell migratory streams occur at the borders of Purkinje cell clusters. GFAP immunostaining of Bergmann glial fibers shows no parasagittally localized pattern of distribution, indicating that the formation of granule cell ribbons is not prepatterned by heterogeneous distribution of radial glia. The conservation of the ribboned pattern of granule cell migration from bird to primate and the timing of this event suggest a possible role for granule cell raphes in parasagittal compartmentation of Purkinje cells. A potential mechanism for such an interaction is discussed.
A palladium(II) complex of a tetradentate amine-phenol ligand

A palladium(II) complex of an amine-phenol ligand N,N′-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)1,4-diaminobutane has been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction studies. Diffraction data were collected with a Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer with θ-2θ scan and MoKα radiation. The structure was solved by conventional methods resulting in anR factor of 0.022 for 1058 independent reflections. The X-ray structure shows a discrete mononuclear square planar complex in which the Pd is coordinated to the two nitrogens and two oxygens of the ligand. The complex is neutral with the Pd(II) charge balanced by deprotonation of both phenolic oxygens. Crystal data: Space group Pna21,a+8.223 A,b+22.477 A,c+9.190 A;V+1698.8 A3;Z+4.
Neutrophil CD18 expression and blockade after traumatic shock and endotoxin challenge.

ObjectiveThe expression of the leukocyte CD18 adhesion complex on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was measured, and the physiologic effects of blockade of the complex were studied after trauma and sepsis.Summary Background DataMargination of PMNs occurs early during inflammation and depends, in
A mechanism for the involvement of colocalized neuropeptides in the actions of antipsychotic drugs

Abstract Evidence has accumulated to implicate neuropeptides localized within midbrain dopamine neurons (cholecystokinin, neurotensin, acetylcholinesterase) in synoptic transmission, mental disease, and pharmacotherapy. We suggest a means by which antipsychotic drugs alter the dynamics between dopamine and colocalized peptides: the intrinsic ability of these agents to stimulate dopamine neuronal activity while blocking dopamine receptors modulates the ratio of catecholaminergic to peptidergic transmission within the meso-telencephalic system. Imbalances of peptide and dopamine cotransmission and their modulation by neuroleptics may be relevant to the pathogenesis and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.
Conceptual collective online reflection in multicultural education classes

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate how collective conceptual reflections facilitated by online blogs can promote pre‐service teachers' growth in multicultural education classes.Design/methodology/approach – Analysis of one blog is used to demonstrate how information gained through that triggered the instructor's informed reflection and guided subsequent in‐class teaching/learning.Findings – Through the analysis of the demonstrative blog, it becomes apparent that while pre‐service teachers were appropriating vocabulary used in the field of multicultural education, their narratives were superficial and oversimplified. Subsequent in‐class activities designed to attend to the conceptual gaps were used to problematize the simplistic views.Research limitations/implications – The data presented cannot be generalized to all pre‐service teachers. Since the purpose of this paper is to attend to the process and not the content, the demonstrative blog serves only as one possible example, which can b...
Glycerol metabolism in the hibernating black bear

The contribution of glycerol to protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism was studied in black bears. Special attention was directed at the role of glycerol in preventing uremia. In summer and winter, U-14C glycerol, as well asl(U14C)-alanine andd(U-14C)-glucose were injected intravenously; timed sampling of venous blood and expiratory gases was made.
Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for pediatric bipolar disorder.

There has been a recent increase in recognition and diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), along with an increase in prescriptions for psychotropic medications for treating children suffering from this chronic, potentially disabling disorder. Lithium remains the only FDA-approved mood stabilizer for use in children > 12 years of age and along with valproic acid and carbamazepine, forms the triad of traditional mood stabilizers used for initiation of treatment for PBD. There has been a recent surge in the use of atypical antipsychotics in PBD, which may be due to their relative ease of administration and lack of requirement for serum level monitoring. A combination of traditional mood stabilizers along with atypical antipsychotics is commonly used in clinical practice, despite a lack of compelling empirical data. Although there is an urgent need for controlled studies on the available treatment options and strategies in PBD, recent expert consensus guidelines and emerging controlled pharmacotherapy...
A probabilistic model for residential growth

WITH the prospect of accelerated urban growth of the magnitude being forecast for the coming 2540-yr period, it is a matter of great importance for those who must make transportation and other policy decisions to be able to evaluate how this growth is likely to affect the physical structure and form of metropolitan areas: its systems of activities and its systems of movements interconnecting centers of activity. Yet it must be recognized that there are many factors other than growth that come into play which make it difficult to anticipate activity and movement patterns of the future with certainty. Thus, in a 25-40-yr period scientific advances and technological change may profoundly affect patterns of urban development; and the shifting character of life styles and consumer tastes in large segments of society may further complicate the problem of prediction. While it is highly improbable that the influence of these factors can be predicted with accuracy, land development models provide a means for testing out how growth is likely to be distributed under a range of contrasting assumptions with respect to these factors. Thus, land development models can be of great assistance in defining the scope of policy decisions, given various assumed influences that technology, patterns of living and tastes may exert on variables of land development.$ This article summarizes a previously reported 5-yr effort concerned with developing, testing and bringing to an operational stage a tool for precisely these purposes (Chapin and Weiss, 1962, 1964, 1965). Spelled out more specifically, it was the objective of this study (1) to perfect an approach for analyzing a range of factors commonly associated with land development to determine their influence, individually and in various combinations as a mix, on the distribution and intensity of development in a metropolitan area, (2) to utilize these results in the formulation of a model for forecasting residential development in a metropolitan area, and (3) to test the model and bring it to a stage where it could be put to more general use. While a town of 25,000 population and two metropolitan areas in the 200,000 population level were used in different stages of the study, one of the latter cities, Greensboro, North Carolina, was the urban area subjected to the more exhaustive tests undertaken in this investigation.
WE‐A‐BRD‐02: 4D Treatment Planning: Rationale, Methods and Significance

The breathing‐induced motion adversely affects the radiotherapy process for pulmonary tumors at all stages. During the conventional 3D imaging, motion causes artifacts that lead to erroneous anatomical information that propagates as a systematic error during planning and delivery. For planning, the standard approach to insure tumor coverage in the presence of geometrical uncertainties is to surround the target with a safety region. The pitfall of the margin expansion approach is that additional high doses are delivered to the normal tissue adjacent to the target, thus increasing the chances of radiation‐induced disease, while also limiting tumordose escalation and, subsequently, the potential for better tumorcontrol. The advent of 4D computed tomography (4D CT) represented a significant step forward toward improved imaging accuracy for regions affected by the respiratory motion due to the ability of reconstructing multiple image sets corresponding to various points during the breathing cycle. The information from the 4D CT is first used to better identify the target region at various stages over the breathing cycle and the extent of motion. Next, the more complete imaging data has to be factored into the planning process. To this end, depending on the treatment delivery strategy, one or more treatment plans are designed for each breathing instance for which data is available. Dose computations are performed on multiple datasets (usually termed as 4D dose calculations), and the cumulative dose is then used to assess the plan quality similar to the conventional 3D planning. The accumulation of doses on a reference image dataset is accomplished by using deformable image registration, which maps corresponding image voxels from one dataset to the reference dataset. To date, several approaches have been developed to fulfill this task. The amount of data available from 4D scans increases significantly the amount of time and effort needed for treatment planning. However, studies have suggested that the dose accumulation process could be reduced to planning on certain datasets only, while preserving at an acceptable level the accuracy that would otherwise be achieved through a full 4D dose computation. Multiple centers have employed the 4D planning approach to study the changes in doses as a result of 4D treatment planning and addressed the clinical significance of the changes observed. In this presentation, we will discuss the rationale for 4D treatment planning, review the methods available for cumulative dose computation, identify potential sources of error specific to the 4D planning approach, and discuss the clinical importance of the dosimetric changes resulting from 4D‐based treatment planning. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the rationale for accounting for respiratory motion during treatment planning. 2. Understand the principles of cumulative dose computation. 3. Learn about the clinical importance of the changes induced by the respiratory motion.
Nbs1 moving up in the world.

The Nbs1 protein participates in the cell-cycle checkpoint response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but its precise mode of action — especially in relation to the checkpoint kinase Atm — has been debated. New mouse models suggest that Nbs1 is required for activation of Atm in response to DNA DSBs and that it also functions in an amplification loop with Atm that allows even a small number of DNA DSBs to mount a potent checkpoint response.
Inverses of banded matrices

Abstract We establish a correspondence between the vanishing of a certain set of minors of a matrix A and the vanishing of a related set of minors of A ×1 . In particular, inverses of banded matrices are characterized. We then use our results to find patterns for Toeplitz matrices with banded inverses. Finally we give an interesting determinant formula for inverses of banded matrices, and show that in general a “banded partial” matrix may be completed in a unique way to give a banded inverse of the same bandwidth.
Curriculum Making as Novice Professional Development Practical Risk Taking as Learning in High-Stakes Times

This qualitative case study presents three novices in urban schools who enacted curricular projects as participants in a university-based professional development program. This experience created a...
Developmental Differences in Neural Damage following Trimethyl-Tin as Demonstrated with GFAP Immunohistochemistry

Long-Evans rat pups received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of trimethyl-tin (TMT) 6 mg/kg hydroxide or saline on postnatal day (PND) 10 or PND 18 and were sacrificed for immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on PND 12, 18, 20, or 25. After dosing with TMT on PND 10 there was a transient increase in GFAP immunoreactivity (IR) in the amygdala, piriform, and entorhinal cortex 2 days post-dosing (PND 12) and a persistent increase in GFAP IR in the hippocampus and cingulate cortex up to two weeks post-dosing. Following dosing with TMT on PND 18 there was a delayed (PND 25) increase in GFAP IR in the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate, piriform, and entorhinal cortex. In addition, increases in GFAP IR were observed in the neocortex 7 days post-dosing, which was not observed following earlier postnatal dosing. The regions in which gliosis and loss of Nissl-staining were consistent for the different time points of TMT treatment were the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate, piriform, and entorhinal cortex. The present findings indicate the GFAP immunohistochemistry can be used to reveal regional effects of developmental neurotoxicant exposure during early stages of development.
Experimental investigation and application of the equilibrium rutile + orthopyroxene = quartz + ilmenite

Equilibria in the Sirf (Silica-Ilmenite-Rutile-Ferrosilite) system: $${\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}} + ({\text{Mg,Fe}}){\text{TiO}}_{\text{3}} {\text{ + (Mg,Fe)SiO}}_{\text{3}} $$ have been calibrated in the range 800–1100° C and 12–26 kbar using a piston-cylinder apparatus to assess the potential of the equilibria for geobarometry in granulite facies assemblages that lack garnet. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the two end-member equilibria involving quartz + geikielite = rutile + enstatite, and quartz + ilmenite = rutile + ferrosilite, are metastable. We therefore reversed equilibria over the compositional range Fs40–70, using Ag80Pd20 capsules with $$f_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ buffered at or near iron-wustite. Ilmenite compositions coexisting with orthopyroxene are $$X_{{\text{MgTiO}}_{\text{3}} }^{{\text{Ilm}}} $$ of 0.06 to 0.15 and $$X_{{\text{Fe}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}_{\text{3}} }^{{\text{Ilm}}} $$ of 0.00 to 0.01, corresponding toK D values of 13.3, 10.2, 9.0 and 8.0 (±0.5) at 800, 900, 1000 and 1100° C, respectively, whereK D =(XMg/XFe)Opx/(XMg/XFe)Ilm. Pressures have been calculated using equilibria in the Sirf system for granulites from the Grenville Province of Ontario and for granulite facies xenoliths from central Mexico. Pressures are consistent with other well-calibrated geobarometers for orthopyroxeneilmenite pairs from two Mexican samples in which oxide textures appear to represent equilibrium. Geologically unreasonable pressures are obtained, however, where oxide textures are complex. Application of data from this study on the equilibrium distribution of iron and magnesium between ilmenite and orthopyroxene suggests that some ilmenite in deep crustal xenoliths is not equilibrated with coexisting pyroxene, while assemblages from exposed granulite terranes have reequilibrated during retrogression. The Sirf equilibria are sensitive to small changes in composition and may be used for determination of activity/composition (a/X) relations of orthopyroxene if an ilmenite model is specified. A symmetric regular solution model has been used for orthopyroxene in conjunction with activity models for ilmenite available from the literature to calculatea/X relations in orthopyroxene of intermediate composition. Data from this study indicate that FeSiO3−MgSiO3 orthopyroxene exhibits small, positive deviations from ideality over the range 800–1100°C.
Adsorption of Thiophene on Inorganic MoS2 Fullerene-Like Nanoparticles

The catalytic activity of a rather new nanomaterial, IF-MoS2 (inorganic fullerene-like nanoparticles), towards hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity has been characterized at ultra-high vacuum conditions. Thiophene TDS as well as quasi steady-state kinetics experiments have been conducted. The IF-MoS2 nanoparticles were supported on sapphire and silica.
Amiodarone Pulmonary Toxicity: Recognition and Pathogenesis (Part I)

The pulmonary toxicity associated with amiodarone therapy is clinically complex and likely reflects underlying mechanisms of lung injury that result from direct toxic effects of the drug (or its metabolites) as well as indirect inflammatory and immunologic processes induced by the drug therapy (Fig 2). A role for the direct toxicity of the drug is likely because (a) toxicity in part is related to dosage and duration of therapy, (b) many patients with amiodarone pulmonary toxicity have no evidence of an inflammatory or immune response in the lung, (c) in vitro studies indicate that amiodarone can be directly toxic to cultured lung cells or perfused isolated lung tissue, and (d) recent studies suggest plausible biochemical mechanisms that may explain in part the mechanism(s) of direct toxicity of the drug. A role for indirect inflammatory or immune processes within the lung of some patients with APT is supported by: (a) variable relationship of pulmonary toxicity to amiodarone dosages and blood levels, (b) preliminary studies suggest altered immunologic markers in the blood and lungs of some patients with APT, and (c) the cellular findings of bronchoalveolar lavage indicating a CD8 lymphocytosis with or without influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which is consistent with previous studies of hypersensitivity reactions. As our understanding of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of APT improve, a number of key clinical issues may be clarified: (1) risk factor assessment for APT, (2) criteria for early diagnosis of APT, and (3) improved therapeutic approach to patients with APT.
Sex and Susceptibility

Susceptibility to viral infection is not only influecned by age but by sex as well. In the human, these inter-related factors are difficult to evaluate. We have developed a test system in adult mice, however, which does allow ease of observation and control over 1 or the other of these 2 variables. A significant difference in death rate has been found between mature, male and female animals infected with a virulent strain of Coxsackie B1 virus. This difference in susceptibility could be related to hormonal effects. To test this hypothesis, mice gonadectomized at birth were infected as mature animals with the test virus. Results are summarized below. Neonatal gonadectomy and the consequence hormonal changes did not exert an apparent effect on the response of the female to the infecting virus, whereas the adverse effect of maleness was negated by this procedure. The premise relating differences in susceptibility to hormone effects, therefore, is partially true. The increased susceptibility of the male is a sex-related characteristic.
Rigorous bounds on the performance of a hybrid dynamical-decoupling quantum-computing scheme

We study dynamical decoupling in a multiqubit setting, where it is combined with quantum logic gates. This is illustrated in terms of computation using Heisenberg interactions only, where global decoupling pulses commute with the computation. We derive a rigorous error bound on the trace distance or fidelity between the desired computational state and the actual time-evolved state, for a system subject to coupling to a bounded-strength bath. The bound is expressed in terms of the operator norm of the effective Hamiltonian generating the evolution in the presence of decoupling and logic operations. We apply the bound to the case of periodic pulse sequences and find that in order to maintain a constant trace distance or fidelity, the number of cycles\char22{}at fixed pulse interval and width\char22{}should scale in inverse proportion to the square of the number of qubits. This sets a scalability limit on the protection of quantum computation using periodic dynamical decoupling.
Effect of oxidation on the dynamic rheological properties of wheat flour-water doughs

ABSTRACT Oxidation increased the strength of the dough. Addition of ascorbic acid or azodicabonamide (ADA) to dough increased both elastic modulus (G′) and viscous modulus (G″), while addition of cysteine decreased both values. Hydrogen peroxide, from either calcium peroxide or glucose oxidase, increased G′ and G″ and decreased tan δ (G″/G′) values. In addition to strengthening the dough, hydrogen peroxide dried the dough, but ADA did not. The absorption of doughs containing 20 GU of glucose oxidase (source of hydrogen peroxide) could be increased by ≈5% without altering the rheological properties. Presumably, the mobility of water in the gel formed by oxidative gelation decreased, thereby causing a drying of the dough.
National ideas and rank-and-file experience in the Muslim separatist movement in the Philippines

Retenant les idees de James Scott sur les « transcriptions cachees » qui etayent les discours en coulisse des subalternes et les defendant contre des critiques recentes, l'A. se sert des chansons non-autorisees des combattants musulmans rebels aux Philippines comme materiel pour developper une alternative aux recits anthropologiques des mouvements ethnonationalistes qui s'interessent d'abord aux projets hegemoniques de leurs leaderships. Soulignant la complexite des processus impliques dans le flux et le reflux de la mobilisation populaire, l'A. explore les tensions et les mauvais alignements existant entre la rhetorique officielle et autorisee du mouvement et le langage, les perceptions et les motivations pratiques des hommes de troupe a Cotabato
Fly's Eye Modular Optic: A New Optical Concept For High Power Lasers

This paper is directed at proposing a new technique for building high energy optical components that will permit the use of heat transfer techniques that will remove substantially more thermal load than is presently possible. This paper will describe the use of impingement and nucleate boiling heat transfer in concert with an optical component that is made up of optical cells. The optical component is made up of optical cells which will permit the designer to fabricate an optic of any size. The basic design of the cells and how they are fit together are shown in drawings and schematics. The optical cells may be figured and polished either as a unit or individually. Of particular value is the ability of changing out optical cells without having to disturb the rest of the optical component. The faceplate of the optical cell may be virtually whatever the designer wishes. Of particular interest would be the failure due to damage of a section of the optic. Instead of having to refigure and polish the whole component, one may only have to change out the optical cell(s) as required and replace with a new cell(s). Equations and curves are provided to show how the technique is accomplished and the resulting temperature gradients for various faceplate materials that may be used.
Surgical management of failed anterior instability surgery

Successful surgical management of patients with persistent or recurrent glenohumeral instability following previous surgical reconstruction is dependent on recognizing all potentially correctable causes of recurrent instability. Potential correctable causes are myriad and include unrecognized or untreated Bankart lesions, medially healed Bankart lesions, humeral capsular avulsions, glenoid and humeral bone defects, soft-tissue deficiency, scapular dyskinesia, and patient noncompliance. Patient selection is critical to successful revision reconstruction. The goal of revision surgical reconstruction is to correct as many of the pathological lesions as possible. Techniques include revision labral repair, capsular shift, capsular substitution, humeral and glenoid bone grafts, humeral and glenoid corrective osteotomies, and muscle transfers. Glenoid bone grafts may be required when bone loss exceeds 0.5 to 1.0 cm. Humeral head bone grafts should be considered when the Hill-Sachs defect exceeds 2 cm in depth. Humeral and glenoid osteotomies are considered when humeral or glenoid version abnormalities exist. Results of revision instability surgery are less predictable than primary surgery and are related to the pathology present. Results are best in patients without bone deficiency or soft-tissue deficiency and worst in patients with both bone and soft-tissue deficiency. Intermediate results can be expected in patients with either soft-tissue or bone deficiency, the latter being more reproducibly correctable.
Phosphoinositide Binding to the Substrate Regulates Susceptibility to Proteolysis by Calpain

Calpain-mediated proteolysis regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and is altered during aging and the progression of numerous diseases or pathological conditions. Although several cytoskeletal proteins have been identified as substrates, how localized calpain activity is regulated and the mechanisms controlling substrate recognition are not clear. In this study, we report that phosphoinositide binding regulates the susceptibility of the cytoskeletal adhesion protein α-actinin to proteolysis by calpains 1 and 2. At first, α-actinin did not appear to be a substrate for calpain 2; however, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) binding to α-actinin resulted in nearly complete proteolysis of the full-length protein, producing stable breakdown products. Calpain 1 was able to cleave α-actinin in the absence of phosphoinositide binding; however, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding increased the rate of proteolysis, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) binding significantly inhibited cleavage. Phosphoinositide binding appeared to regulate calpain proteolysis of α-actinin by modulating the exposure of a highly sensitive cleavage site within the calponin homology 2 domain. In U87MG glioblastoma cells, which contain elevated levels of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, α-actinin colocalized with calpain within dynamic actin cytoskeletal structures. Furthermore, proteolysis of α-actinin producing stable breakdown products was observed in U87MG cells treated with calcium ionophore to activate the calcium-dependent calpains. Additional evidence of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-mediated calpain proteolysis of α-actinin was observed in rat embryonic fibroblasts. These results suggest that PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding is a critical determinant for α-actinin proteolysis by calpain. In conclusion, phosphoinositide binding to the substrate is a potential mechanism for regulating susceptibility to proteolysis by calpain.
Whose Side Are You On? States' Roles in Enabling and Constraining Innovations in Healthcare Markets

We use institutional theory to understand the pattern of adoption by US states of a professional licensing policy innovation that influences the evolution of a market for healthcare services. We de...
Breast cancer plasma protein biomarker discovery by coupling LC-MS/MS proteomics and systems biology

Breast cancer is worldwide the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer. The plasma proteome profiling may have a higher chance to identify protein changes between plasma samples such as normal and breast cancer tissues. Breast cancer cell lines have long been used by researches as model system for identifying protein biomarkers. A comparison of this set of proteins which change in plasma with previously published finding from proteomic analysis of human breast cancer cell lines may identify with a higher confidence a subset of candidate protein biomarker. In this study, we analyzed liquid chromatography (LC) coupled tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) proteomics dataset from plasma samples of 40 healthy women and 40 breast cancer women. Using two-sample tstatistics and permutation procedure, we identified 254 statistically significant differentially expressed proteins, among which 208 are over-expressed and 46 are under-expressed in breast cancer plasma. We validated this result against previously published proteomic results of human breast cancer cell lines and signaling pathways to derive 26 candidate protein biomarkers in a panel. Using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base, we observed that the 26 "activated" plasma proteins were present in several cancer canonical pathways, including acute phase response signaling, complement system, coagulation system, PPAR signaling, and glutathione metabolism, and match well with previously reported studies. Additional gene ontology analysis of the 26 proteins also showed that cellular metabolic process and response to external stimulus (especially proteolysis and acute inflammatory response) were enriched functional annotations found in the breast cancer plasma samples.
Large-area pulse ionization chamber for measurement of extremely heavy cosmic rays

Large area parallel-plate pulse ionization chamber for high altitude balloon measurements of relativistic cosmic ray heavy nuclei
Magnetic susceptibility of liquid Bi, In, Sn and Tl

Abstract Precise measurements have been made on the magnetic susceptibility of liquid Bi, In, Sn and Tl using the Faraday method. Values are reported for each metal at the melting point and as a function of temperature above the melting point. The estimated error is less than one percent for Bi, In and Sn, and two percent for Tl. The experimental results give strong evidence that the magnetic properties of the liquid investigated are predictable using the free electron model. Some details of the susceptibility apparatus are described.
Prey-catching behavior of anurans toward moving and stationary objects.

Abstract Studies of prey-catching behavior by frogs and toads indicate that their selection of food objects is not derived directly from the visual discriminations performed by individual retinal ganglion cells. In addition to stimulus size and velocity, the distance of an object and certain “configurational” properties are important determinants of feeding activity level. When excited by odors, toads may even snap at very large objects or at stationary objects. Modifications of prey-catching behavior induced by barriers, or during visual-cliff situations provide further evidence for visuomotor flexibility among anuran amphibians.
Effects of soil water content and initial root volume on the nutrient status of 2+0 Douglas-fir seedlings

Two-year-old bareroot Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco.) seedlings were graded on the basis of four root-volume categories and transplanted to four moisture-stress treatments (6, 12, 18, and 24% soil water content) in pots. Macronutrient concentrations and contents of both old and new foliar tissue were determined. Decreasing soil water content resulted in higher concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and particularly nitrogen in both old and new foliar tissue. This can be attributed to reduced growth, translocation, metabolic activity, and nutrient requirement in response to moisture stress. Seedlings with relatively higher root volumes exhibited higher nutrient concentrations and contents, as well as increased growth. Thus, increased total root biomass per unit of soil area with increasing seedling root volume may have resulted in greater nutrient use, supply, uptake, and storage.
Analysis of computer alerts suggesting oral medication use during computerized order entry of i.v. medications

Purpose Compliance with computer alerts suggesting oral medication use during computerized order entry of i.v. medications was analyzed. Summary Using automated computerized clinical decision support (CDS) to suggest converting i.v. medications to oral alternatives can reduce medication costs for hospitalized patients, but prescriber noncompliance limits the effectiveness of such interventions. Clearer understanding of the factors associated with noncompliance to alerts may facilitate the design of more effective CDS systems. Electronic medical record data were retrospectively analyzed to measure the rate of compliance with a CDS alert that suggested converting to an equivalent oral form of a drug at the time of ordering the i.v. formulation. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations among medication type, clinician characteristics, hospital service type, time of order, and compliance with the i.v.-to-oral conversion recommendation. The main outcome was compliance with the alert, measured at the level of the individual medication order. The mean ± S.E. overall compliance rate was 18.7% ± 0.6%. Compliance varied among the medications, with methyl-prednisolone having the lowest (8%) and famotidine the highest (32%) ( p < 0.05). Nurses had the highest compliance rate (35%) while pharmacists had the lowest (10%) ( p < 0.05). Medical house staff (19%) and medical faculty (21%) complied at similar rates. The intensive care units had lower compliance rates than did the medical–surgical ward (15% versus 21%, p < 0.05). Conclusion CDS alerts to convert 12 i.v. medications to oral alternatives were developed and implemented in an urban tertiary hospital. Compliance rates for the alerts were relatively low and varied by medication, location, and clinician type.
Healthcare for adolescents in juvenile facilities: increasing needs for adolescent females.

Abstract In 1999, 2.4 million youth between the ages of 10 and 17 were arrested. On any given day that year, 133,000 juveniles were detained in long-term detention facilities. Since 1990, there has been a wide disparity in the number of minority youth in the juvenile justice system. In 1999, 41% of youth in this system were African American. Additionally, there has been growth in the percent of arrests of females (29% in 1999) and adolescent younger than 15 years of age (32%).
Security in wireless actor & sensor networks (WASN): towards a hierarchical re-keying design

Our work aims to address the challenging security issues in an important information infrastructure - large-scale and low-energy wireless actuator and sensor networks (WASN). Since WASNs have specific network constraints and data transmission requirements compared to general ad hoc networks and other wireless/wired networks, the security issues need to be tackled accordingly. We propose to seamlessly integrate WASN security with a promising routing architecture that is scalable and energy-efficient. To protect from active attacks in mobile sensor networks, we propose two-level re-keying/re-routing schemes that can not only adapt to a dynamic network topology but also securely update keys for each data transmission session. Moreover, to provide the security for the in-networking processing such as data aggregation in WASNs, we define a multiple-key management scheme in conjunction with the proposed tree-ripple-zone (TRZ) routing architecture.
Integrated Surface Acoustic Wave/Charge-Coupled Device (SAW/CCD) Signal Processing Devices

AbstractThis paper describes a new class of solid state devices for analog signal processingapplications. These devices are achieved by integrating a surface acoustic wave (SAW)device with a suitable charge- coupled device (CCD) to make use of the advantages andcompensate for the limitations of each. By combining the wide bandwidth of the SAWwith the long and flexible time handling capability of the CCD, it becomes possible toimplement a family of unique devices capable of performing several analog signal processingfunctions, including buffer memory, correlation, and matched filtering. We have fabricatedand tested prototypes to perform each of these different functions. The fast -in, slow-out buffer memory has a 40 -MHz bandwidth, an input signal duration of 3.5 ps and anoutput clock rate of 100 kHz. The accumulating correlator has achieved a signal processinggain of 30 dB at a bandwidth of 20 MHz when correlating pseudonoise waveforms of 100 psduration. The CCD -programmable matched filter is capable of processing signals with abandwidth of 40 MHz and a duration of 3.5 ps. In each case the CCD signals are compatiblewith high- density, low -cost integrated circuits for handling the low -speed control andoutput aspects of the signal processing functions.IntroductionNew signal -processing capabilities are achievable by integrating a SAW device witha suitable CCD wherein the piezoelectric fields associated with the surface wave arecoupled directly to the charge in the CCD. Such a combination makes use of the advantagesand compensates for the limitations of each of these two separate classes of devices.We report here the first steps toward such a class of integrated SAW /CCD devices: afast -in, slow -out buffer memory, an accumulating correlator and a CCD -programmablematched filter. A typical SAW /CCD is shown in Fig. 1. It consists of a CCD shift
Computer-aided design of observer-controllers

Abstract A computer-aided technique for observer design which is based on the minimization of an integral of time-multiplied-square-error performance measure is presented. The technique is extended to include the design of combined observer-controllers for linear regulator systems. The method, which is well suited to the design of high-order, multiple-input, multiple-output systems, is illustrated by a numerical example of the design of a reudced-order observer-controller.