cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Link Prediction Based on Graph Topology: The Predictive Value of the Generalized Clustering Coefficient

linkages among data objects is a fundamental data mining task in various application domains, including recommender systems, information retrieval, automatic Web hyperlink generation, record linkage, and communication surveillance. In many contexts link prediction is entirely based on the linkage information itself (a prominent example is the collaborative filtering recommendation). Link-structure based link prediction is closely related to a parallel and almost separate stream of research on topological modeling of large-scale graphs. Graph topological modeling builds on random graph theory to find parsimonious graph generation models reproducing empirical topological measures that summarize the global structure of a graph, such as clustering coefficient, average path length, and degree distribution. These well-studied topological measures and graph generation models have direct implications on link prediction. This paper represents initial efforts to explore the connection between link prediction and graph topology. The focus is exclusively on the predictive value of the clustering coefficient measure. The standard clustering coefficient measure is generalized to capture higher-order clustering tendencies. The proposed framework consists of a cycle formation link probability model, a procedure for estimating model parameters based on the generalized clustering coefficients, and model-based link prediction generation. Using the Enron email dataset we demonstrate that the proposed cycle formation model corresponded closely with the actual link probabilities and the link prediction algorithm based on this model outperformed existing algorithms.
Effect of aneurysm on the tensile strength and biomechanical behavior of the ascending thoracic aorta

Abstract Background Rupture of an ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA), which is associated with significant mortality, occurs when the mechanical forces acting on the aneurysm exceed the strength of the degenerated aortic wall. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in biomechanical properties of the aortic wall related to ATAA formation. Methods Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm tissue was obtained from surgery; control (nonaneurysmal) aorta was obtained from autopsy. Tissue strips with longitudinal (LONG) or circumferential (CIRC) orientation were stretched to failure. Maximum tissue stiffness and tensile strength were determined from plots of stress (normalized force) versus strain (normalized deformation). Student's t test was used for all comparisons. Results Tensile strength of LONG (n ATAA = 17, n control = 7) and CIRC (n ATAA = 23, n control = 7) ATAA specimens were 29% and 34% less than that of control tissue, respectively ( p p p = 0.06) than for control tissue, respectively. Conclusions The data suggest that ATAA formation is associated with stiffening and weakening of the aortic wall, which may potentiate aneurysm rupture.
Teacher Quality, Controversy, and NCLB

(2004). Teacher Quality, Controversy, and NCLB. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 26-29.
Early-Onset Scleral Necrosis After Iodine I 125 Plaque Radiotherapy for Ciliochoroidal Melanoma

A 62-year-old man with a large ciliochoroidal melanoma developed early-onset scleral necrosis with tumor extrusion within 1 month of epibulbar iodine I 125 plaque radiotherapy. The eye was enucleated. Pathologic study revealed nonmicrobial scleral necrosis with extrusion of histologically intact and necrotic uveal melanoma cells. The patient has been followed up for 15 months without clinical recurrence. We discuss possible mechanisms to explain the early development of scleral necrosis after plaque therapy in this patient.
Proving programs correct through refinement

Program proving must be made applicable to all stages of program development. In particular, in the design phase, proving could prevent a program development based on erroneous or inconsistent design decisions, with its associated high cost of debugging. Furthermore, the proving activity itself would benefit from an early application in the development cycle of a program, because the proof of a program design seems to be simpler than the proof of the final, perhaps optimized, program. The Fisher-Galler algorithm will be used as an example for demonstrating the proof of a program design. An algebraic specification technique is used for describing the design. Details of the proof will be discussed.
Size and morphology of the trachea before and after lung volume reduction surgery.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of lung volume reduction surgery on measured tracheal features.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-four male and 19 female patients with emphysema underwent lung volume reduction surgery, pulmonary function testing, and repeated CT. The tracheal air column was segmented from axial images. The sagittal and coronal dimensions of the intrathoracic trachea were determined. Tracheal morphology was quantified using the tracheal (coronal and sagittal dimensions) and circularity indexes. The results were compared with pulmonary function test results.RESULTS. Morphologic appearance of the intrathoracic trachea was consistent before and 3 months after surgery. The group means of the tracheal length, mean area, and volume were 78.60 mm (± 16.88 mm), 283.84 mm2 (± 61.47 mm2), and 22.59 cm3 (± 7.69 cm3), respectively, before surgery and 67.53 mm (± 15.78 mm), 309.12 mm2 (± 79.83 mm2), and 20.99 cm3 (± 7.27 cm3), respectively, after surgery (p < 0.05). ...
Life-History Aspects of Stone Crabs (Genus Menippe): Size at Maturity, Growth, and Age

Abstract Knowing important aspects of life history, such as size at sexual maturity, growth rate, and size at age, is critical for understanding species' population dynamics. For harvested organisms, these life-history characteristics are important in assessing the efficacy of fishery regulations. We used a 15-year database on stone crabs (genus Menippe) inhabiting west-central Florida waters to estimate these life-history aspects. Transition points in crusher-claw propodus length (PL):CW allometry and discriminant function analysis indicated that 50% morphological maturity (CW50) occurred at approximately 70 mm CW for males and 60 mm CW for females. Patterns in the proportions of physiologically mature (gravid) and functionally mature (ovigerous) females in 10-mm-CW size-classes followed the female morphological maturity pattern. The CW50 was significantly smaller than the mean size at behavioral maturity (participation in mating) in males (86 mm CW), but was not in females (62 mm CW). In both sexes, PL:...
Nonlinear Panel Response to Nonstationary Wind Forces

The vibration of a flexible elastic panel to nonstationary wind surface pressures is investigated by a Monte Carlo technique. The nonlinear glass panel response is performed in time domain by simulating resulting generalized random forces on a digital computer. Equations of motion are solved in a Galerkin sense by developing a modal solution. Stress and deflection response calculations are performed for panels located on windward, leeward and side faces of the building. Aeroelastic panel instability with respect to static divergence and dynamic flutter is also investigated.
The role of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia.

The contemporary theory for the pathogenesis of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH) has as its central tenet that a primary defect in transepithelial transport of phosphate in the kidney accounts for all of the biochemical and skeletal abnormalities characteristic of the disease. Consistent with this view phosphorus depleted animals develop abnormalities in bone morphology similar to those observed in XLH and treatment of affected subjects with orthophosphate promotes healing of the rickets and linear growth in childhood. Moreover, apparent localization of the proposed defect in renal phosphate wasting to the parathyroid hormone sensitive locus of the proximal renal tubule1,2 lends further support to the primacy of a renal phosphate leak in the pathogenesis of XLH.
Ca2+ activation of myofilaments from transgenic mouse hearts expressing R92Q mutant cardiac troponin T

The functional consequences of the R92Q mutation in cardiac troponin T (cTnT), linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans, are not well understood. We have studied steady- and pre-ste...
A TISSUE CULTURE NEUTRALIZATION TEST FOR COLORADO TICK FEVER ANTIBODY AND USE OF THE TEST FOR SEROLOGIC SURVEYS

vector, Dermacentor andersoni, occurs (1). Since the first isolation of the causative virus by Florio (2), who injected human blood into hamsters, several hosts have been employed for research on and diagnosis of the disease. The original Florio strain was adapted successively to adult dilute brown agouti (DBA) mice (3), adult White Swiss mice (3), and to embryonated eggs (4) in which it grew abundantly in the central nervous system of the embryo. Suckling mice were found to be highly susceptible to all strains of CTF virus (5) and for several years have been the principal means for isolating it from blood specimens and ticks (6). More recently the usefulness of KB cells (7) for such isolations has also been recognized (8). Diagnosis of Colorado tick fever should be based upon clinical signs and symptoms, history of bite by D. andersoni, isolation of CTF virus from blood of the patient, and demonstration of rise in antibody titer. Heretofore, tests for neutralizing antibody have been performed principally in 21-day-old mice, using the strain of virus adapted to this host. A more economical and rapid test employing tissue culture is here described. Data resulting from its use on
Quantum Motion and Microwave Fields

I will demonstrate coherent control of a mechanical oscillator with a precision at the quantum level. Mastery of the quantum state enables us to explore fundamental limits of measurement and consider applications in quantum information.
Inhibition of induced ovulation by a highly purified extract of the bovine pineal gland.

SummaryA highly purified extract of the bovine pineal gland was shown to prevent ovulation induced by exogenous go-nadotropin in mice. The potency of this extract may be expressed thusly: The active material obtained from approximately one gram of defatted tissue would inhibit ovulation in 2 mice.Immature female mice were made to ovulate by administration of PMS and HCG. When the extract was administered simultaneously with the HCG, ovulation was completely inhibited.The isolation procedure used affects complete separation of this fraction from indolic substances and vasotocin, which are known to possess some antigonadotropic properties.This study was supported in part by a grant from J. M. Long, President and Founder of Longs Drug Stores, Inc., Walnut Creek, California.The Sandoz Pharmaceutical Co. of Basel, Switzerland generously supplied synthetic 8-ar-ginine vasotocin.
The Ecological Pilgrimage of Self and Community

An important matter related to the task of Christian environmental theology is to ask who is engaged in such a theological journey. The ‘who question’ contextualizes environmental concerns and determines the type of journey the theologian undertakes. First, I suggest the need to address environmental identity – the self-identity as it emerges from narratives of place – in ecotheology. Second, environmental identity suggests the need to reformulate the community of environmental theological reflection.
Emission of Charged Particles from Laser Irradiated Silicon

Emission of charged particles from (111) and (100) crystalline silicon surfaces during and following picosecond pulsed laser irradiation in vacuo has been investigated. No thermionic electron emission is observable, setting an upper limit of 5000°K on the electron temperature during the laser pulses at 532 nm and at 266 nm. Equal number of positive and negative particles are emitted when the laser energy fluence is sufficient to cause vaporization of a few surface layers. Significantly larger amount of electrons than that of positive particles are emitted under irradiation with UV pulses at low energy fluences. This phenomenon can be tentatively explained by thermally enhanced photoelectric emission from a molten silicon surface. The presence or absence of the emission of charged particles sets important lower or upper limits on the temperature of the electrons and of the lattice. Our data are fully consistent with a model of complete thermalization between carriers and lattice on a time scale of 10−11 sec.
Radiological Response Is Associated With Better Long-Term Outcomes and Is a Potential Treatment Target in Patients With Small Bowel Crohn's Disease

Radiological Response Is Associated With Better Long-Term Outcomes and Is a Potential Treatment Target in Patients With Small Bowel Crohn's Disease
Research on the Variation of Acoustic Emission and Elastic Wave Velocity in Uniaxial Loading Process of Diorite

In order to have insight into the variation of acoustic emission and wave velocity in different directions during uniaxial loading process of diorite,the acoustic emission(AE)accumulative number,the wave velocity in different directions at different stress levels,the tangent modulus and the axial strain rate during fracture process of diorite under uniaxial stage loading and cyclic loading were experimentally studied,respectively.Results show:(1)AE event number increases with the increase of stress level,when stress level approaches to about 80% of peak strength,inflection point of accumulated AE curve appears,soon afterwards,tangent modulus fluctuates.(2)During loading process,the degree of compaction and the crack propagation direction have huge impact on wave velocity.The wave velocity in different directions shows different variations,based on which,it is possible to predict the rupture surface location and failure mode.At higher stress levels(about 60%of peak strength),the wave velocity horizontal to loading direction is tending towards stability,while the wave velocity perpendicular to loading direction continues to decline,so it is more reliable to predict rock failure by using wave velocity perpendicular to loading direction.(3)With the increase of stress level,strain rate presents decreasing trend,but doesn't show any abnormal behavior before rock failure,which indicates that it's difficult to predict rock failure by deformation observation.Above results show that rock failure can be effectively predicted by longitudinal wave velocity,acoustic emission accumulative number and tangent modulus variation.
Exercise Intensity During Power Wheelchair Soccer

Abstract Objective To determine exercise intensity during power wheelchair soccer among a sample of persons with mobility impairments. Design Cross-sectional descriptive. Setting On-site training facilities of multiple power wheelchair soccer teams. Participants Participants with severe mobility impairments (N=30) (mean ± SD, age: 29.40±15.51y, body mass index: 24.11±6.47kg/m 2 , power soccer experience: 7.91±3.93y, disability sport experience: 12.44±9.73y) were recruited from multiple power wheelchair soccer teams. Interventions Portable metabolic carts were used to collect oxygen consumption ( V ˙ o 2 ) data during resting and game play conditions. Main Outcome Measures Average V ˙ o 2 (expressed in metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]) during resting and game play conditions and rating of perceived exertion for game play. Results V ˙ o 2 increased from 1.35±0.47 METs at rest to 1.81±0.65 METs during game play. This 34% increase in exercise intensity was significant ( P Conclusions Although not able to sustain an intensity associated with reduced secondary disease risk (ie, 3 METs), the documented light-intensity exercise in the current study surpassed an intensity threshold associated with improved functional capacity and performance of daily living activities (ie, 1.5 METs).
What are the current and potential future roles for endoscopic ultrasound in the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Due to the aggressive tumor biology and late manifestations of the disease, long-term survival is extremely uncommon and the current 5-year survival rate is 7%. Over the last two decades, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a diagnostic modality to a minimally invasive therapeutic alternative to radiologic procedures and surgery for pancreatic diseases. EUS-guided celiac plexus intervention is a useful adjunct to conventional analgesia for patients with pancreatic cancer. EUS-guided biliary drainage has emerged as a viable option in patients who have failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Recently, the use of lumen-apposing metal stent to create gastrojejunal anastomosis under EUS and fluoroscopic guidance in patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction has been reported. On the other hand, anti-tumor therapies delivered by EUS, such as the injection of anti-tumor agents, brachytherapy and ablations are still in the experimental stage without clear survival benefit. In this article, we provide updates on well-established EUS-guided interventions as well as novel techniques relevant to pancreatic cancer.
Madden Julian Oscillation

The Madden Julian Oscillation, often abbreviated as MJO, is a major feature of the tropical circulation. It manifests as quasi-periodic fluctuations in the sea level pressure and wind structure, and consequently – in the sea surface temperature, convection and rainfall. The time scale of the phenomenon is, on average, about 30–60 days. It was first discovered by Madden and Julian (1971) as they studied the zonal winds and the sea level pressure in a 10-year long record of tropical data. The MJO time scales carry a significant proportion of the atmospheric variance in the tropics.
Die Wissensbasis von DIKOS

Wie wir in Abschnitt 2 gesehen haben, bilden die in der DIKOS-Wissensbasis verwalteten Informationen die Grundlage fur das BIS, das wir in Abschnitt 5 betrachten werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden wir im folgenden zwei der vier DIKOS-Wissensbasiskomponenten beschreiben: das Projektmanagementmodell und das Software-produktmodell (vergleiche Abschnitt 2). Dabei ist es nicht das Ziel, grundsatzlich neue Projektmanagementstrukturen oder neue Softwareentwicklungsmethoden zu entwickleln. Vielmehr werden exemplarisch Teile eines Projektmanagement- und Softwareproduktmodells spezifiziert, die spater die Spezifikation von BIS-Funktionen erlauben. Ferner werden wir unsere Ausfuhrungen auf die Betrachtung einer Phase aus dem SLCM, der Entwurfsphase, be-schranken und voraussetzen, das als Spezifikationssprache fur die Entwurfsphase SLAN-4 (/BeHP83/) verwendet wird.
Dimensions of Peer Influences and Their Relationship to Adolescents' Aggression, Other Problem Behaviors and Prosocial Behavior.

Although peers are a major influence during adolescence, the relative importance of specific mechanisms of peer influence on the development of problem behavior is not well understood. This study investigated five domains of peer influence and their relationships to adolescents’ problem and prosocial behaviors. Self-report and teacher ratings were obtained for 1787 (53 % female) urban middle school students. Peer pressure for fighting and friends’ delinquent behavior were uniquely associated with aggression, drug use and delinquent behavior. Friends’ prosocial behavior was uniquely associated with prosocial behavior. Friends’ support for fighting and friends’ support for nonviolence were not as clearly related to behavior. Findings were generally consistent across gender. This study highlights the importance of studying multiple aspects of peer influences on adolescents’ behavior.
Reduced Frequency Effects on Gust Response Unsteady Aerodynamics in Turbomachines

A series of experiments to investigate rotor unsteady aerodynamic response to high and very high reduced frequency gusts, including the effects of steady aerodynamic loading and detailed forcing function waveform shape are described. These experiments are performed in an extensively instrumented axial flow research compressor. The high reduced frequency forcing function to the first stage rotor blade row is the first harmonic of the wakes generated by the 36 inlet guide vanes (IGV’s), with the very high reduced frequency being the second harmonic of these wakes. These forcing functions are each measured in the rotor frame of reference, decomposed into chordwise and transverse velocity components, and then Fourier analyzed. The unsteady aerodynamic gust response is then investigated on the individual surfaces of the first stage rotor blade for two values of the streamwise-to-transverse gust amplitude ratio over a range of compressor steady loadings. Appropriate data are correlated with classical predictions. The results show that there are large and significant differences between the high and very high reduced frequency gust generated unsteady aerodynamic response of the rotor blade row.
Changing Perspectives on Political Socialization

The history of the field has been marked by four transformations in dominant conceptualizations of its subject matter and appropriate methodologies (paradigms). Initial research focused on pre-adult learning and its enduring influence. This line of investigation subsequently was abandoned in favor of a concern with the adoption of political orientations during late adolescence and early adulthood when, it was maintained, individuals are particularly likely to form their lasting political views. In turn, this approach was replaced by studies exploring the adoption of particular dispositions at certain life stages such as radicalism in youth and conservatism in later years. This focus gave way to a view that political dispositions have an approximately uniform potential for change at all ages. Paradigm shifts often were the result of misunderstanding and misrepresentation of existing studies. The model of political socialization developed in this and in the following chapters draws on selected assumptions, concepts, and hypotheses associated with each of the four paradigms. Some features of the various perspectives will be treated as supplementary rather than as contradictory principles. A model is developed which offers a view of the political socialization processes over the individual’s entire lifetime.
A 6-b, 800-MS/s, 3.62-mW Nyquist Rate AC-Coupled VCO-Based ADC in 65-nm CMOS

A Nyquist voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture is proposed for ac-coupled systems that are commonly used in high-speed wireline and wireless communications. The proposed ADC utilizes a built-in high-pass filter as an analog differentiator, replacing the digital differentiator in conventional oversampling VCO-based ADCs. As a result, it avoids quantization noise shaping and achieves wideband Nyquist operation, inherited first-order antialiasing filtering, and improved VCO linearity without calibration. Analyses and simulations of various circuit nonidealities’ effects on the proposed ADC architecture are also provided. The ADC prototype achieves a peak SNDR of 34 dB and an SFDR of 50 dB with over 400-MHz input bandwidth and a sampling rate of 800 MS/s. It occupies an active area of 0.01 mm2 and consumes 3.62 mW in 65-nm CMOS.
Trees to trap photons

Dendrimers are highly branched molecules that can absorb infrared photons and funnel the energy towards their centres. It turns out that they can also trap it there, preventing vibrational energy from leaking out because of their rigid outer layers. This allows a few low-energy excitations, randomly moving around inside the dendrimer, enough time to combine on one bond and break it - a new way of doing multiphoton chemistry.
Science Education and the Nature of Nature: Bruno Latour's Ontological Politics

This article explores recent developments in the field of science and technology, and the work of Bruno Latour in particular, to problematize the nature of Nature in science education. Although science and technology studies, and the scholarship on science education alike, have become increasingly attentive to the antidemocratic habits of science as a way of knowing, less attention has been directed toward science's ontological commitments, and the politics that follow from a theory of Nature that is uniform, homogenous, and unchanging. Latour suggests that the Nature toward which scientific knowledge is directed serves as a transcendent authority with the potential to circumvent the democratic deliberations of a supposedly subjective social world. Rather than treating Nature as a social construct, Latour explores the methodological and political implications of a reality composed of plural worlds and multiple modes of being, and this article suggests that these theoretical tools offer exciting new possib...
Can Elastic Instability be Beneficial in Concentric Tube Robots

Concentric tube manipulators exhibit elastic instability in which tubes snap from one configuration to another, rapidly releasing stored strain energy. While this has long been viewed as a negative phenomenon to be avoided at all costs, in this paper we explore for the first time whether the effect can be harnessed beneficially for certain applications. Specifically, we show that the energy released in an instability can be useful for challenging, high-force surgical tasks such as driving a needle through tissue. We use concentric tube models to define the energy released during elastic instability and experimentally evaluate a two-tube concentric manipulator that can drive suture needles through tissue by harnessing elastic instability beneficially.
Non-Germ-Cell Gonadal Tumors

Non-germ-cell gonadal tumors are uncommon in the fetus and infant [1–6]. Approximately 6 % of childhood testicular tumors occur in the neonate [2]. Most primary tumors of the testis in older infants and/or children are of germ cell origin, namely, teratoma and yolk sac tumor, and occasionally gonadoblastoma [2–5] (Tables 3.1 and 3.2).
The New Science of Musculoskeletal Aging in Bone, Muscle, and Tendon/Ligament

As the body ages, changes are seen throughout the musculoskeletal system, namely, within bone, muscle, tendons, and ligaments. An age-related decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), or primary osteoporosis, is defined by the World Health Organization as having a hip or spine BMD of at least 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young, healthy women measured on dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia, or age-related muscle loss, begins at approximately 40 years of age and is more prevalent in the sedentary population. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with aging affect tendon and ligament strength, thus leading to more injuries and prolonged healing time. These changes in the musculoskeletal system can lead to significant disability, thus increasing healthcare costs. Prevention is focused on adequate nutrition, supplements, physical activity, and strength training.
General Population vs. Patient Preferences in Anticoagulant Therapy: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Preference weights derived from general population samples are often used for therapeutic decision making. In contrast, patients with cardiovascular disease may have different preferences concerning the benefits and risks of anticoagulant therapy. Using a discrete choice experiment, we compared preferences for anticoagulant treatment outcomes between the general population and patients with cardiovascular disease. A sample of the general US population and a sample of patients with cardiovascular disease were selected from online panels. We used a discrete choice experiment questionnaire to elicit preferences in both populations concerning treatment benefits and risks. Seven attributes described hypothetical treatments: non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, minor bleeding, major bleeding, fatal bleeding, and the need for monitoring. We measured preference weights and maximum acceptable risks in both populations. A total of 352 individuals from the general population and 341 patients completed the questionnaire. After propensity score matching, 284 from each group were included in the analysis. On average, the general population members valued a 1% increased risk of fatal bleeding as being the same as a 4.2% increase in a non-fatal myocardial infarction, a 2.8% increase in cardiovascular death, or a 14.1% increase in minor bleeding. Patients, in contrast, perceived a 1% increased risk of fatal bleeding as being the same as a 2.0% increase in a non-fatal myocardial infarction, a 3.2% increase in cardiovascular death, and a 16.7% increase in minor bleeding. The general population and patients with cardiovascular disease had slightly different preferences for treatment outcomes. The differences can potentially influence estimated benefits and risks and patient-centered treatment decisions.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Repression: Global Challenges to Governance

Across the world, artificial intelligence (AI) is showing its potential for abetting repressive regimes and upending the relationship between citizen and state, thereby exacerbating a global resurgence of authoritarianism. AI is a component in a broader ecosystem of digital repression, but it is relevant to several different techniques, including surveillance, censorship, disinformation, and cyber attacks. AI offers three distinct advantages to autocratic leaders: it helps solve principal-agent loyalty problems, it offers substantial cost-efficiencies over traditional means of surveillance, and it is particularly effective against external regime challenges. China is a key proliferator of AI technology to authoritarian and illiberal regimes; such proliferation is an important component of Chinese geopolitical strategy. To counter the spread of high-tech repression abroad, as well as potential abuses at home, policy makers in democratic states must think seriously about how to mitigate harms and to shape better practices.
1746. Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Cytomegalovirus Viremia in Immunocompromised Patients

Background We noted a recent increase in the number of patients with CMV viremia among immunocompromised children at our institution. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of CMV viremia and to evaluate factors associated with the development of antiviral drug resistance.
Invited Review: Why cows die in US dairy herds

ABSTRACT Purpose Over the past several decades there has been an appreciable, persistent, and concerning rise in dairy cow mortality. The purpose of this review was to integrate epidemiological, pathophysiological, and historical perspectives to improve our understanding of why dairy cows die and what can be done about it. Sources Refereed scientific journal articles, USDA reports, and conference proceedings available in online databases were consulted in this review. Synthesis Explorations of causes of dairy cow death frequently have focused on associations between mortality and population characteristics, management, and environmental factors. These studies often suggest that intensification of the dairy industry may influence high on-farm dairy cattle mortality. Other studies have focused on pathophysiologic descriptions of specific deaths, alongside the utility of incorporating postmortem evaluations into on-farm management. Although it is most certainly useful to establish broad associations between population characteristics or specific disease entities and higher death rates, mitigation strategies must be based on an understanding of why those associations or diseases are present in the first place. Conclusion and Applications A multitude of factors and complexities act in concert to influence why cows die in US dairy herds. Understanding differences related to why cows die requires insight into the impacts of environment, operational practices, economic concerns, and animal interactions on overall performance. Although there are practical suggestions for addressing dairy cow mortality such as incorporating postmortem examinations and standardized nomenclature, questioning why dairy cows die is part of a larger discussion regarding the welfare of animals in modern agricultural systems.
The use of scrotal ultrasound in the evaluation of varicoceles: A survey study of reproductive specialists.

Introduction Urologists use ultrasound in the male infertility workup to evaluate scrotal contents and objectively identify varicoceles if their presence is questionable on physical examination. We assessed practice patterns and diagnostic criteria of male reproductive urologists using ultrasound to evaluate varicoceles. Methods An anonymous online survey was sent to the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology (SMRU) members. We queried respondents about ultrasonographic criteria and ultrasound techniques employed in varicocele evaluation. Chi-squared was used to determine association between categorical variables. Results In total, 110/320 (34.4%) SMRU members responded. Sixty percent of respondents (66/110) reported performing scrotal ultrasound; 92.4 % (61/66) were attending urologists and 87.9% (58/66) completed an andrology fellowship. A total of 37.9% (25/66) performed their own ultrasound, while the remainder had ultrasound performed by an alternate practitioner. Among those performing their own ultrasound, 95.5% (21/22) measured varicocele venous diameter compared to 76% (29/38) when another practitioner performed the ultrasound. Venous diameter used to define a varicocele ranged from 2-4 mm. Although 80% (49/61) of respondents assessed retrograde flow during ultrasound, only 52.5% reported that retrograde flow was required for varicocele diagnosis. Almost all (60/61) indicated they would fix palpable varicoceles in patients with abnormal semen parameters. Fewer (42.6%, 26/61) respondents stated they would repair varicoceles found exclusively on ultrasound. Conclusions Ultrasound is commonly employed by male reproductive urologists to diagnose varicoceles. We identified that practitioners use various ultrasonographic criteria and techniques for varicocele diagnosis. Study limitations include recall bias and high degree of specialization among respondents.
Calcium loss in sweat does not stimulate PTH release: A study of Bikram hot yoga

Abstract It has been hypothesized that sweat loss during exercise causes a disruption in calcium homeostasis that activates bone resorption and over time leads to low bone mineral density. The purpose of this small pilot study was to determine whether dermal calcium loss from a bout of excessive sweating during light intensity physical activity triggers an increase in biomarkers of bone resorption. Biochemical markers related to bone homeostasis were measured before and after a 90 min Bikram hot yoga practice performed in a room heated to 105 °F with 40 % humidity. Participants were five females with a mean age of 47.4 ± 4.7 years. Nude body weight, serum total calcium (Ca2+), free ionized calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and CTX-I were measured before and after a Bikram hot yoga practice. Mean estimated sweat loss was 1.54 ± 0.65 L, which elicited a 1.9 ± 0.9 % decrease in participant’s body weight. Mean Ca2+ concentration in sweat was 2.9 ± 1.7 mg/dl and the estimated mean total calcium lost was 41.3 ± 16.4 mg. Serum ionized Ca2+ increased from 4.76 ± 0.29 mg/dl to 5.35 ± 0.36 mg/dl after the Bikram hot yoga practice (p = 0.0118). Serum PTH decreased from pre- 33.9 ± 3.3 pg/ml to post- 29.9 ± 2.1 pg/ml yoga practice (p = 0.0015) when adjusted for hemoconcentration (PTHADJ), implying a decrease in PTH secretion. We conclude that calcium loss in sweat during 90 min of Bikram hot yoga did not trigger an increase in PTH secretion and did not initiate bone resorption.
Effect of Attachment Styles on Perceived Family Environment

The present research aims to study the effect of attachment styles on perception of family environment and to observe whether there is any relationship between the two dimensions of attachment (viz., anxiety and avoidance) and the eight dimensions of family environment (viz., perceived cohesiveness, perceived expressiveness, perceived conflict, perceived acceptance & caring, perceived independence, perceived active recreational orientation, perceived organisation and perceived control) among female college students. A random sample of 156 female college students responded to the Family Environment Scale (Bhatia & Chaddha, 1993) and the Emotions in Close Relationships – Revised Scale (Fraley et al., 2000). The results revealed that attachment styles have significant effects on perceived cohesiveness, perceived conflict, perceived acceptance & caring, perceived independence and perceived active recreational orientation. The findings are discussed in details in the paper. Such an understanding of the effect of attachment styles on the perception of family environment, as furnished by this study, is instrumental in optimizing the young persons’ adjustment with their environment.
SF-36 Physical Component Score Is Predictive of Achieving a Clinically Meaningful Improvement after Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Femur.

BackgroundOsteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an increasingly common treatment for patients with symptomatic focal chondral lesions of the knee. There has been increasing interest in d...
System-Level Modeling and Safety Analysis of Vehicular Coordinated Emergency Braking Under Degraded Wireless Connectivity Using Priced Timed Automata

The technological advances in automated driving systems have led to the development of autonomous vehicles. As more of these vehicles go out in the streets, new opportunities arise to achieve various types of benefits by applying coordination among vehicles. For these coordinated systems to be approved for street deployments, they have to prove safety under realistic scenarios that involve parameter uncertainties and temporal faults. In this paper, new modeling and formal analysis of vehicular coordinated emergency braking system are proposed using priced timed automata. The modeling captured the behavior of the underlying physical systems, coordination protocol, wireless connectivity, and the scenario uncertainties. The analysis framework is used to identify conditions required for safe emergency braking with statistical guarantees. The analysis investigated the safety of a coordinated emergency braking protocol under an error-free scenario and under a scenario that involves degraded wireless connectivity. A retransmission scheme is also analyzed which resulted in safety improvement.
Parental Attitudes Toward Clinical Genomic Sequencing in Children With Critical Cardiac Disease.

OBJECTIVES Through improving diagnostics and prognostics genomic sequencing promises to significantly impact clinical decisions for children with critical cardiac disease. Little is known about how families of children with critical cardiac disease perceive the impact of genomic sequencing on clinical care choices. DESIGN Qualitative interview study. SETTING A high-volume, tertiary pediatric heart center. SUBJECTS Families of children with critical cardiac disease. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thematic analysis of interview response content. Thirty-five families were interviewed. Three themes emerged: 1) benefits versus challenges of having genomic sequencing results, and 2) fears of clinical applications of genomic sequencing, and 3) nonclinical fears related to genomic sequencing. Participants struggled with perceived uses of genomic sequencing-derived knowledge. They described comfort in foreknowledge of their child's likely disease course but articulated significant apprehension around participating in care decisions with limited knowledge of genomic sequencing, genomic sequencing uses to inform clinical resource rationing decisions, and genomic sequencing uses by third parties impacting financial pressures families experience caring for a child with critical cardiac disease. CONCLUSIONS Families' perceptions of genomic sequencing uses in critical cardiac disease appear to strain their overall trust in the health system. Erosion of trust is concerning because the potential of genomic sequencing in critical cardiac disease will be unrealized if families are unwilling to undergo genomic sequencing, let alone to participate in the ongoing research needed to link genomic sequencing variants to clinical outcomes. Our findings may have implications for genomic sequencing use in children with other critical, high-acuity diseases.
Regional Variation in Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 Regulated Channel Expression after Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice: An Exploratory Study (2536)

Objective: To investigate brain region-specific expression of Sulfonylurea Receptor-1 (SUR-1) and its regulated channels (TRPM4, KIR6.2) after repetitive-mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI). Background: SUR-1 upregulation is emerging as a key mediator of cerebral edema and neuronal death in many central nervous system pathologies. Targeted inhibition of SUR1-TRPM4 has shown promising results in clinical trials of stroke and TBI. This pathway remains unexplored in rmTBI, where despite its therapeutic potential in a spectrum of at-risk patients including child-athletes, football players, and soldiers, the role of brain edema and/or other consequences of SUR-1 activation remains controversial. Design/Methods: Anesthetized 63-day old C57/BL6 mice (n=12) underwent a repeated weight-drop model of rmTBI (53g from 42 inches for 2 days, followed by a larger impact of 80g from 60 inches on day-3). Shams (n=3/time-point) underwent anesthesia only. Mice were sacrificed 6h (n=3/group) and 24h (n=3/group) after final injury. The left hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, and cerebellum were isolated for quantitative-rtPCR of Abcc8 (Sur-1), Kcnj11, and Trpm4 using Gapdh as reference. Results: No expression differences were noted at 6h. 24h Abcc8(Sur-1) expression increased 1.79-fold (p=0.006) in injured cortex vs sham, but decreased (0.35 fold-change, p=0.015) in thalamus. There was a trend for increased cortical Trpm4 expression (1.93 fold, NS) 24h following injury. 24h thalamic Kcnj11 expression was decreased (0.68 fold-change, p=0.006) but cortical Kcnj11 was not different (0.59 fold-change, NS) vs sham. Conclusions: This exploratory study represents a novel report of Abcc8(Sur1) upregulation 24h following rmTBI, identifying a potential treatable target. Surprisingly, SUR-1 and its regulated ion-channels undergo robust region-specific expression changes in rmTBI. Increased cortical Abcc8(Sur-1) may represent increased SUR1-TRPM4 expression/facilitate co-localization of the depolarizing non-specific monovalent cation channel. Decreased thalamic Abcc8(Sur-1) expression was accompanied by decreased Kcnj11 (Kir6.2). Regional Sur1 differences with potentially variable electrochemical consequences may have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for rmTBI. Disclosure: Dr. Zusman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kochanek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Keri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vagni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jha has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen.
Part 3: Tell It Like It Is

In this part, Lacan’s abiding interest was in the quod rather than the quid, or with what words do rather than what they are. But his subversion of the sign teaches us very little about race, or at least that is yet to be proven. It is all very well to say that the signifier refers to “the immeasurable power of ideological warfare”, a power that makes it impossible for us to reach agreement on the homeland—of the signified—but what if these signifiers (of sex, race, and nation, say), in their usage and their history, are always already occupied by a negrophobic ideology, what then? (E, 417)). Would this not therefore mean being able to think about the question of difference as value, or what we are given to understand as the thought of value in linguistics, in terms of the value of a black difference in ideology, in politics?
Heat Transfer During Direct Containment Heating

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews an extensive integral effects database that is closely tied to scaling analyses and plant accident sequences relevant to direct containment heating (DCH) has been developed over the last 10 years. The three most important conclusions derived from these experiments and their analysis are: (1) there is no evidence of a strong effect of physical scale on DCH loads in plants with compartmentalized geometry, (2) DCH-produced hydrogen is a significant contributor to DCH loads, and (3) containment compartmentalization significantly mitigates DCH loads. Ongoing experiments are addressing DCH phenomena in plants, where most debris is dispersed to the dome. No integral experiments exist for boiling water reactors (BWR) geometries. It also discusses that probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) analyses, recent assessments of spontaneous depressurization mechanisms, and recently implemented accident management procedures to depressurize have led to an increasing perception that reactor pressure vessel (RPV) failure at high pressure is highly unlikely. In addition, analysis of the in-vessel core melt progression have led to the perception that melts with a high metallic content are unlikely in any accident sequence, in which the RPV does remain highly pressurized.
The new , longer road to adulthood: schooling, work, and idleness among rural youth

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Research Institutes, Centers and Programs at University of New Hampshire Scholars'Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Carsey Institute at the Scholars' Repository by an authorized administrator of University of NewHampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contactmeredith.ricker@unh.edu.
Self-irradiation effects in 238Pu-substituted zirconolite: I. Temperature dependence of damage

238Pu-substituted cubic zirconolite (CaPuTi2O7) was stored near ambient temperature, at 575 K, and at 875 K until alpha decay doses as high as 6.1 × 1025 α/m3 were attained. Self-damage at the lowest temperature proceeded by accumulation of alpha-recoil tracks, but this was partly or wholly suppressed at the higher temperatures. Full conversion to the metamict condition near ambient temperature was accompanied by bulk swelling of 5.4 vol%. Self-damage at 575 K and 875 K was characterized by lesser amounts of swelling (4.3 vol% and 0.4 vol%); however, subsequent reduction of the storage temperature to ambient resulted in further swelling. Details of this swelling response imply structural differences between metamict states formed at 575 K and ambient temperature. Implications for self-irradiation effects in nuclear waste forms under variable temperature conditions are discussed.