cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perturbation analysis of axially nonuniform electromagnetic structures using nonlinear phase progression.

A perturbation technique is developed to deal with axial, as well as transverse, perturbations of an electromagnetic propagating structure which is otherwise axially uniform. The method, an adaptation and extension of time-dependent perturbation theory of quantum mechanics, uses a nonlinear phase progression term in the axial propagating factor of the fields to accommodate and readily calculate, without secular terms, corrections to the progressive phase delay along the perturbed structure. The technique admits inhomogeneities and anisotropy and does not depend upon quasi-static or quasi-optic assumptions. It is particularly useful for axially dependent perturbations which give rise to a phase shift, or to radiation, or to any other effect of interest which is strongly dependent on the phase progression of the wave. The method is first illustrated by an analysis of simple axial loading of a waveguide, and then by a calculation of the radiation from a surface wave structure with a ridged dielectric binding medium. Finally, the casting of Maxwell's equations for general situations into a form appropriate for the application of this perturbation analysis is discussed.
Motion planning for steerable needles in 3D environments with obstacles using rapidly-exploring Random Trees and backchaining

Steerable needles composed of a highly flexible material and with a bevel tip offer greater mobility compared to rigid needles for minimally invasive medical procedures. In this paper, we apply sampling-based motion planning technique to explore motion planning for the steerable bevel-tip needle in 3D environments with obstacles. Based on the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) method, we develop a motion planner to quickly build a tree to search the configuration space using a new exploring strategy, which generates new states using randomly sampled control space instead of the deterministically sampled one used in classic RRTs. Notice the fact that feasible paths might not be found for any given entry point and target configuration, we also address the feasible entry point planning problem to find feasible entry points in a specified entry zone for any given target configuration. To solve this problem, we developed a motion planning algorithm based on RRTs with backchaining, which grow backward from the target to explore the configuration space. Finally, simulation results with a approximated realistic prostate needle insertion environment demonstrate the performance of the proposed motion planner.
Ion Channel Phenotype of Melanoma Cell Lines

Melanoma cells are transformed melanocytes of neural crest origin. K+ channel blockers have been reported to inhibit melanoma cell proliferation. We used whole-cell recording to characterize ion channels in four different human melanoma cell lines (C8161, C832C, C8146, and SK28). Protocols were used to identify voltage-gated (KV), Ca2+-activated (KCa), and inwardly rectifying (KIR) K+ channels; swelling-sensitive Cl- channels (Clswell); voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV) and Ca2+ channels activated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores (CRAC); and voltage-gated Na+ channels (NaV). The presence of Ca2+ channels activated by intracellular store depletion was further tested using thapsigargin to elicit a rise in [Ca2+]i. The expression of K+ channels varied widely between different cell lines and was also influenced by culture conditions. KIR channels were found in all cell lines, but with varying abundance. Whole-cell conductance levels for KIR differed between C8161 (100 pS/pF) and SK28 (360 pS/pF). KCa channels in C8161 cells were blocked by 10 nm apamin, but were unaffected by charybdotoxin (CTX). KCa channels in C8146 and SK28 cells were sensitive to CTX (Kd = 4 nm), but were unaffected by apamin. KV channels, found only in C8146 cells, activated at approximately -20 mV and showed use dependence. All melanoma lines tested expressed CRAC channels and a novel Clswell channel. Clswell current developed at 30 pS/sec when the cells were bathed in 80% Ringer solution, and was strongly outwardly rectifying (4:1 in symmetrical Cl-). We conclude that different melanoma cell lines express a diversity of ion channel types.
Extra Precision Glide: Docking and Scoring Incorporating a Model of Hydrophobic Enclosure for Protein-Ligand Complexes

A novel scoring function to estimate protein-ligand binding affinities has been developed and implemented as the Glide 4.0 XP scoring function and docking protocol. In addition to unique water desolvation energy terms, protein-ligand structural motifs leading to enhanced binding affinity are included: (1) hydrophobic enclosure where groups of lipophilic ligand atoms are enclosed on opposite faces by lipophilic protein atoms, (2) neutral-neutral single or correlated hydrogen bonds in a hydrophobically enclosed environment, and (3) five categories of charged-charged hydrogen bonds. The XP scoring function and docking protocol have been developed to reproduce experimental binding affinities for a set of 198 complexes (RMSDs of 2.26 and 1.73 kcal/mol over all and well-docked ligands, respectively) and to yield quality enrichments for a set of fifteen screens of pharmaceutical importance. Enrichment results demonstrate the importance of the novel XP molecular recognition and water scoring in separating active and inactive ligands and avoiding false positives.
Cervical Esophageal Anastomosis Following Cervical Esophageal Diversion: A New Use for an Old Instrument

Proximal cervical esophageal diversion is occasionally employed in the management of distal esophageal perforation. However, subsequent esophageal reconstruction can pose a formidable surgical challenge. The DeBakey femoral tunneling device has proven helpful in identifying the distal defunctionalized segment of esophagus during certain types of reconstruction. We describe the use of this instrument to reestablish esophageal continuity in two instances.
Nutrition and Aging in Developing Countries

The number of individuals aged 60 y or older is projected to double as a proportion of the world's population and to more than triple in number over the next 50 y. These changes will be most dramatic in the less developed countries, where the transition from a young to old age structure will be more compressed in time than it has been for developed countries. At the same time, there is evidence of a characteristic sequence of changes in diet and declines in physical activity associated with social and economic change. Diets are becoming higher in fats, animal products, and refined foods and lower in fiber, contributing to rapidly increasing prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The number of people with diabetes in developing countries is projected to almost triple by the year 2025. Hypertension and vascular disease are also rapidly becoming more prevalent. Evidence that lower birth weights are associated with greater likelihood of adult obesity and chronic disease underscores the magnitude of risk in these countries. Few programs or institutions currently exist to address the problems of the growing elderly population. The social changes that accompany urbanization will likely increase nutritional risk for this group. Despite lower energy intakes with age, elderly have higher requirements for several micronutrients, making them vulnerable to deficiencies that further aggravate chronic conditions. To reduce the impending burden of disease and disability worldwide, urgent action is needed to understand and to address the nutritional needs of the aging population.
Interpersonal Distance in Immersive Virtual Environments

Digital immersive virtual environment technology (IVET) enables behavioral scientists to conduct ecologically realistic experiments with near-perfect experimental control. The authors employed IVET to study the interpersonal distance maintained between participants and virtual humans. In Study 1, participants traversed a three-dimensional virtual room in which a virtual human stood. In Study 2, a virtual human approached participants. In both studies, participant gender, virtual human gender, virtual human gaze behavior, and whether virtual humans were allegedly controlled by humans (i.e., avatars) or computers (i.e., agents) were varied. Results indicated that participants maintained greater distance from virtual humans when approaching their fronts compared to their backs. In addition, participants gave more personal space to virtual agents who engaged them in mutual gaze. Moreover, when virtual humans invaded their personal space, participants moved farthest from virtual human agents. The advantages an...
Simultaneous non-contiguous deletions using large synthetic DNA and site-specific recombinases

Toward achieving rapid and large scale genome modification directly in a target organism, we have developed a new genome engineering strategy that uses a combination of bioinformatics aided design, large synthetic DNA and site-specific recombinases. Using Cre recombinase we swapped a target 126-kb segment of the Escherichia coli genome with a 72-kb synthetic DNA cassette, thereby effectively eliminating over 54 kb of genomic DNA from three non-contiguous regions in a single recombination event. We observed complete replacement of the native sequence with the modified synthetic sequence through the action of the Cre recombinase and no competition from homologous recombination. Because of the versatility and high-efficiency of the Cre-lox system, this method can be used in any organism where this system is functional as well as adapted to use with other highly precise genome engineering systems. Compared to present-day iterative approaches in genome engineering, we anticipate this method will greatly speed up the creation of reduced, modularized and optimized genomes through the integration of deletion analyses data, transcriptomics, synthetic biology and site-specific recombination.
Modelling and identification of transcription-factor binding motifs in human chondrogenesis.

Chondrogenesis is a dynamical process of cartilage formation involving many transcription factors and transcription-factor binding motifs (TFBMs). Using a series of microarray-derived mRNA profiles for human chondrogenesis, a computational model was built to identify critical TFBMs and model-driven prediction was evaluated experimentally using a promoter competition assay. First, the model was used to approximate the observed mRNA levels using frequencies of potential TFBMs which appeared in the regulatory DNA sequences. Potential TFBMs were chosen from a random population of 5-bp DNA fragments, and the selected genes included chondrocyte specific genes such as type II collagen. Using the Akaike information criterion and the genetic algorithm, six sets of putative TFBMs was chosen from the 5′-end flanking region encompassing 125-, 250-, 500-, and 1000-bp sequences. The minimum model error was obtained in the model with the 500-bp regulatory region. Second, the promoter competition assay was conducted for the selective collagen genes. The assay supported the stimulatory role of a novel TFBM (5′-AGGGG-3′) in induction of type II and type III collagens.
Data cache prefetching design space exploration for BlueGene/L supercomputer

Scientific applications exhibit good spatial and temporal data memory access locality. It is possible to hide memory latency for the level 3 cache, and reduce contention between multiple cores sharing a single level 3 cache, by using a prefetch cache to identify data streams which can be profitably prefetched, and decouple the cache line size mismatch between L3 cache and the level 1 data cache. In this work, a design space exploration is presented, which helped shape the design of the BlueGene/L supercomputer memory sub-system. The prefetch cache consists of a small number of 128 line buffers that speculatively prefetches data from the L3 cache, since applications present some sequential access pattern, this prefetching scheme increases the likelihood that a request from the level 1 data cache was present in the prefetch cache. Since most compute intensive applications contain a small number of data streams, it is sufficient for the prefetch cache to have small number of line buffers to track and detect the data streams. This paper focuses on the evaluation of stream detection mechanisms and the influence of varying the replacement policies for stream prefetch caches.
Optimal flat-panel detector pixel size for visualization of stents in X-ray fluoroscopy

Visualization of stents is of great interest in X-ray fluoroscopy. For stent visualization, detector pixel size must be small to reduce contrast dilution from partial area effect, but reducing pixel size lowers the number of photons collected, reducing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, we use a computational human observer model to predict human performance for stent detection and stent deployment detection as a function of pixel size. Predictions are made for an ideal and indirect flat-panel (FP) detector at three exposures. For an ideal detector, regardless of the task or exposure, the optimal pixel size was 50 /spl mu/m. For an indirect detector, optimal pixel size depends on task and exposure. Pixel sizes were 80, 80, and 60 /spl mu/m for stent detection and 60, 60, and 50 /spl mu/m for stent deployment, at 5, 10, and 20 /spl mu/R per frame, respectively.
Dyazide® (Smith Kline & French)

Dyazide is a diuretic/antihypertensive. It combines the diuretic action of triamterene with the diuretic and antihypertensive action of hydrochlorothiazide. Triamterene acts on the distal renal tubule to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. Hydrochlorothiazide blocks reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions, thus increasing the quantity of sodium traversing the distal tubule and the volume of water excreted. The continued use of hydrochlorothiazide may lead to excessive loss of potassium, hydrogen, and chloride ions as a compensatory phenomenon. The triamterene component, because of its potassium sparing actions, is useful in combination with the thiazide when treating hypertension.
Electrolyte Diets, Stress, and Acid-Base Balance in Broiler Chickens

We compared the acid-base balance in broiler chickens provided diets containing 2 dietary electrolyte balances (DEB), and administered with either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or saline solution. Diets were moderate (174 mEq/kg) or high (241 mEq/kg) DEB formulated by altering Na-K-Cl based on actual analysis. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with the main unit consisting of 4 treatments and the factorial treatment structure arranged in a completely randomized design. Osmotic pumps delivered 8 IU of ACTH in saline/kg of BW per d for 7 d, or the same saline volume as used in ACTH at 1 microL/h for 7 d was implanted on d 35. Venous blood samples were collected on d 35 before the pumps were implanted and on d 42 and 49. Birds fed the high DEB diet exhibited significantly higher Na(+) and Ca(2+) levels than birds provided the moderate DEB diet on d 35. Infusion of ACTH significantly increased (P < or = 0.05) hematocrit, hemoglobin, partial pressure of CO(2) (pCO(2)), corticosterone, osmolality, and HCO(3)(-) and reduced pH, BW, partial pressure of O(2) (pO(2)), and plasma concentrations of Na(+) and Cl(-) in both diets compared with the control group on d 42. Similarly, the ACTH treatment significantly increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, Ca(2+), corticosterone, and osmolality and reduced (P < or = 0.05) pO(2), glucose, and BW on d 49. The diet formulated for high DEB partially lowered pCO(2) on d 42. Significant DEB x ACTH interactions were observed for pCO(2) and pO(2) on d 49. However, there was a reduction in pO(2) along with a concomitant increase in erythropoiesis under the ACTH treatment for both diets, compared with the saline control, because of the increased need for O(2) to support gluconeogenic energy production. This adaptive response provided greater numbers of erythrocytes and thus a higher amount of circulating hemoglobin to deliver O(2) for metabolism. The diet formulated for high DEB partially attenuated the adaptive stress condition in broiler chickens.
Outcome of coronary artery bypass operations in patients with renal insufficiency with and without renal transplantation.

Hypothesis Renal insufficiency (RI) is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations, particularly among patients who are dependent on dialysis Design and setting A retrospective analysis of data collected at a tertiary care center Patients One hundred eighty-four consecutive patients with RI who underwent CABG surgery between 1992 and 2004. This group consisted of 152 patients with serum creatinine levels of ≥ 1.7 mg/dL (group I) and 32 kidney transplant recipients (group II). Of the patients in group I, 90 were dialysis-free (subgroup IA) and 62 were dialysis-dependent (subgroup IB) Main outcome measures Demographics, perioperative data, and outcomes for each of the three groups were evaluated and compared.1 Results Fifty-four percent of the patients were in New York Heart Association classes III and IV, 36% had unstable angina, and 21% had left main coronary disease. The mean ejection fraction was 38%. The median postoperative length of stay in the hospital was 10 days. Of the patients in group IB, 8% required reexploration for bleeding compared to 3% in groups IA and II (p Conclusions CABG is associated with an increased rate of perioperative complications and mortality in patients with RI. Dialysis dependence is a major risk factor for patients undergoing CABG surgery. However, with acceptable surgical results, dialysis patients should not be denied CABG surgery. A survival advantage is demonstrated among patients with previous kidney transplants compared to those patients who are dependent on dialysis
Identification and Characterization of Two Bordetella avium Gene Products Required for Hemagglutination

Bordetella avium causes bordetellosis in birds, a disease similar to whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis in children. B. avium agglutinates guinea pig erythrocytes via an unknown mechanism. Loss of hemagglutination ability results in attenuation. We report the use of transposon mutagenesis to identify two genes required for hemagglutination. The genes (hagA and hagB) were adjacent and divergently oriented and had no orthologs in the genomes of other Bordetella species. Construction of in-frame, unmarked mutations in each gene allowed examination of the role of each in conferring erythrocyte agglutination, explanted tracheal cell adherence, and turkey poult tracheal colonization. In all of the in vitro and in vivo assays, the requirement for the trans-acting products of hagA and hagB (HagA and HagB) was readily shown. Western blotting, using antibodies to purified HagA and HagB, revealed proteins of the predicted sizes of HagA and HagB in an outer membrane-enriched fraction. Antiserum to HagB, but not HagA, blocked B. avium erythrocyte agglutination and explanted turkey tracheal ring binding. Bioinformatic analysis indicated the similarity of HagA and HagB to several two-component secretory apparatuses in which one product facilitates the exposition of the other. HagB has the potential to serve as a useful immunogen to protect turkeys against colonization and subsequent disease.
Mithramycin in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone.

Ten patients with symptomatic Paget's disease of bone were treated with mithramycin. Subjective improvement, as demonstrated by complete pain relief and increased activity, was reported by seven patients and partial pain relief was reported by two. Pain persisted in one patient with a co-existing osteogenic sarcoma. No roentgenographic changes were noticed in the involved bones after therapy. Chemically, improvement was demonstrated by reduction of levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Five patients were in positive calcium balance before mithramycin therapy and showed an increase after therapy. Mithramycin administered in the dose of twenty-five micrograms per kilogram of body weight by slow intravenous drip method, once every two to three weeks, was well tolerated and showed suppressive effects on symptomatic Paget's disease of bone, and no hepatic, renal, or myelogenous evidence of toxicity was noticed in the immediate or long-term follow-up in these patients.
Expression of tumor endothelial markers (TEMs) in vitro in a canine hemangiosarcoma model of malignant angiogenesis.

e21145 Background: Expression of tumor endothelial markers (TEMs) in tumor-associated blood vessels presents opportunities for targeted therapy. TEM7 and TEM8 are selectively expressed and are asso...
Reed Sternberg like cells in nodular lymphoma involving the bone marrow

Two patients with cells indistinguishable from Reed- Sternberg cells in bone marrow lesions of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma are described. Both patients had lymph node biopsies showing nodular lymphoma. Bone marrow and blood involvement with the lymphoma was demonstrated at the time of initial diagnosis. Reed-Sternberg-like cells were not demonstrated in either case until later in the course of the disease, after the patients had been treated with numerous chemotherapeutic agents. Other similarities of bone marrow involvement with nodular lymphoma to Hodgkin’s disease of the bone marrow are noted. The origin of the Reed-Sternberg-like cells in nodular lymphoma is not, clear, but they could result from morphologic alteration of lymphoma cells by chemotherapy. The finding of Reed-Sternberg cells in bone marrow lesions should be interpreted with caution unless diagnostic biopsy material from other sites is available for study.
On waveform conditions in MIMO radars using matrix completion

It was recently shown that MIMO radars with matrix completion (MIMO-MC radars) can achieve the performance of MIMO radars but with significantly fewer samples. The matrix completion performance depends on the coherence of the matrix. In MIMO-MC radars and for the scenario in which the targets fall in the same range bin, the coherence of the received data matrix is asymptotically optimal, i.e., 1, when the transmit waveforms have flat spatial spectrum. In this paper, we study the performance of such waveforms when used to estimate targets that fall in different range bins. We show that, if such optimal waveforms are additionally designed to have good correlation properties, the matrix coherence is slightly larger than 1 but bounded by 2 as long as the maximal range delay is of the order of the pulse duration. Thus, in such cases the MC performance degrades only slightly.
Microstructural Control of Colloidal-Based Ceramics by Directional Solidification Under Weak Magnetic Fields

The use of weak magnetic fields to control the microstructural evolution of colloidal-based systems in conjunction with directional solidification is demonstrated as a convenient processing route to fabricate anisotropic ceramic scaffolds with complex microarchitectures. A variety of graded and aligned microstructures were formed by applying external static magnetic fields oriented radially, axially, and transversely with respect to the solidification direction of freezing slurries containing micro/nanoparticles of ZrO2 and Fe3O4. The graded structures, formed by the radial and axial fields, resemble core–shell architectures composed of dense outer perimeters surrounding porous inner cores. The aligned structures, formed by transverse fields, exhibit two modes of microstructural alignment: lamellar walls aligned by the growing ice crystals and mineral bridges aligned by the magnetic fields. The alignment of mineral bridges that connect adjacent lamellae, provide these scaffolds enhanced strength and stiffness when compressed parallel to their orientation (parallel to the direction of the magnetic field).
Novel Uses of Video to Accelerate the Surgical Learning Curve

Surgeons are under enormous pressure to continually improve and learn new surgical skills. Novel uses of surgical video in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative setting are emerging to accelerate the learning curve of surgical skill and minimize harm to patients. In the preoperative setting, social media outlets provide a valuable platform for surgeons to collaborate and plan for difficult operative cases. Live streaming of video has allowed for intraoperative telementoring. Finally, postoperative use of video has provided structure for peer coaching to evaluate and improve surgical skill. Applying these approaches into practice is becoming easier as most of our surgical platforms (e.g., laparoscopic, and endoscopy) now have video recording technology built in and video editing software has become more user friendly. Future applications of video technology are being developed, including possible integration into accreditation and board certification.
Characterization of second-phase plates in a Gd5Ge3 intermetallic compound

Rare-earth compounds based on the stoichiometry R5(SixGe1-x)4 (R = rare-earth elements) exhibit many unusual features, including possessing R5(SixGe1-x)3 thin plates which always precipitate from the matrix despite efforts to suppress their formation. In an effort to better understand the unique relationship between these two intermetallic alloy systems, the bulk microstructure of the compound Gd5Ge3 was examined using scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy. Surprisingly, SEM examination revealed a series of thin plates present in the Gd5Ge3 matrix similar to what is seen in Gd5Ge4. TEM observation revealed that a role reversal had occurred, with the thin plates possessing the orthorhombic structure and composition of Gd5Ge4. The orientation relationship between Gd5Ge4 thin plates and the Gd5Ge3 matrix was determined to be Graphic the same relationship reported for Gd5Ge3 plates precipitating from a Gd5Ge4 matrix. However, by exchanging the respective roles of the phases as regards matrix vs. precipitate, the total number of precipitation variants seen can be increased from two to six. The persistence with which these two intermetallic systems co-exist is truly unique. However, understanding exactly the kinetic and thermodynamic conditions that lead to their unique relationship is hampered by the high formation temperatures at whichmore » the observed reaction occurs.« less
A method of velocity measurement of high speed plasma flows using ion acoustic wave propagation

The average flow velocity of an extremely non-equilibrium plasma flow in which the electron temperature was much higher than the gas temperature was determined by measuring the time-of-flight difference between upstream and downstream propagating ion acoustic waves. The measured phase velocity of the ion acoustic wave did not correlate with a standard theoretical expression but the ratio of measured to theoretical values seems to depend primarily upon the electron-electron collision frequency. A method to evaluate "the departure coefficient" to take into account real gas effects using the wave measurement is given. An alternative method to calculate the flow velocity to check against the measured one is suggested.
Regulating Sharing: The Sharing Economy as an Alternative Capitalist System

In a country where good fences are believed to make good neighbors, sharing is surprisingly in vogue. The success of sharing economy icons such as Airbnb and Uber has generated a wave of commentary on the cultural, philosophical, and social impacts of sharing. In the legal realm, however, a disturbing dissonance exists between excitement over this seemingly new way of doing business and regulatory floundering. Is Airbnb a hotel chain, a rental agency, or a website provider? Is Uber a taxicab service employing hundreds of drivers or a developer of an app? These questions remain unanswered. Yet policy makers cannot regulate the sharing economy without answering them.This legal dissonance is caused by the failure to recognize the sharing economy as a distinct capitalist system that requires new regulatory approaches. To date, both regulators and scholars have evaluated sharing against a Coasian norm that assumes the dominance of the traditional firm, the primacy of private ownership, and the asymmetrical leveraging of information. This approach obscures the answers to basic, but crucial, questions about how the sharing economy operates.Using “varieties of capitalism” theory, this Article argues that the sharing economy is a nascent form of a coordinated market economy, a form that flourishes in some parts of Europe. The key task in regulating this alternative capitalist system is to understand and regulate the institutions that support it. On the basis of this theoretical insight, this Article proposes a regulatory model that prioritizes an inquiry into the institutions of the sharing economy as a means to answer the questions vexing policy makers. It also applies the model to two of the pressing problems of the sharing economy, namely concerns about worker equity and consumer safety.
The elderly in rural Ghana: health-care needs and challenges

The health-care needs of elderly persons who live in rural areas of Ghana are considered. Brief socio-demographic information on the population is given. Barriers and challenges to the provision of health care to the population are examined. The Ghanaian pluralistic health system is described briefly. Finally, measures are proposed to meet the challenges of providing health care to the elderly rural population.
Physical and chemical changes in isolated chylomicrons: prevention by EDTA

When washed chylomicrons obtained from the lymph of rats, which had been fed corn oil, were maintained at 0-4 degrees C in 0.9% NaCl, the following physical and chemical changes were observed to occur: increased polarity of chylomicron lipids, increased ultraviolet absorption of chylomicron lipids at 232 nm, decreased linoleic acid content, and aggregation. These alterations occurred more rapidly at room temperature and were found to be associated with an increased lipid peroxide content. The behavior of isolated olive oil chylomicrons was qualitatively similar. All observed changes in the properties of washed chylomicrons were prevented by 0.25 mm EDTA; when tested, 25 micro m EDTA was equally effective. The changes were also prevented by 0.02% hydroquinone. The alterations in chylomicron lipids appear to result from the autoxidation of esterified linoleic acid. Studies with linoleic acid-U-(14)C-labeled chylomicrons indicated that cleavage of the linoleic acid carbon chain did not accompany the physicochemical changes. These results demonstrate the usefulness of EDTA in preventing these specific and progressive alterations in chylomicrons dispersed in aqueous systems.
Assessment of Forearm Rotational Control Using 4 Upper Extremity Immobilization Constructs.

Background: Forearm immobilization techniques are commonly used to manage distal radius, scaphoid, and metacarpal fractures. The purpose of our study was to compare the degree of rotational immobil...
AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis is via lipid peroxidation that inhibits DNA repair, sensitizes mutation susceptibility and induces aldehyde-DNA adducts at p53 mutational hotspot codon 249

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in the food chain is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). More than 60% of AFB1 related HCC carry p53 codon 249 mutations but the causal mechanism remains unclear. We found that 1) AFB1 induces two types of DNA adducts in human hepatocytes, AFB1-8,9-epoxide-deoxyguanosine (AFB1-E-dG) induced by AFB1-E and cyclic α-methyl-γ-hydroxy-1,N2-propano-dG (meth-OH-PdG) induced by lipid peroxidation generated acetaldehyde (Acet) and crotonaldehyde (Cro); 2) the level of meth-OH-PdG is >30 fold higher than the level of AFB1-E-dG; 3) AFB1, Acet, and Cro, but not AFB1-E, preferentially induce DNA damage at codon 249; 4) methylation at -CpG- sites enhances meth-OH-PdG formation at codon 249; and 5) repair of meth-OH-PdG at codon 249 is poor. AFB1, Acet, and Cro can also inhibit DNA repair and enhance hepatocyte mutational sensitivity. We propose that AFB1-induced lipid peroxidation generated aldehydes contribute greatly to hepatocarcinogenesis and that sequence specificity of meth-OH-PdG formation and repair shape the codon 249 mutational hotspot.
Value of surveillance studies for patients (pts) with stage I-II diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the rituximab (R) era.

8544 Background: The role of surveillance studies in early-stage DLBCL in the R era has not been well defined. The goal of this study is to evaluate the use of imaging (CT and PET-CT) scans and LDH...
Modeling and optimization of the bond-wire interface in a Hybrid CMOS-photonic traveling-wave MZM transmitter

Low-cost optical interconnects are playing an important role in sustaining the exponential growth in data center demand and to support the future internet-of-things cloud infrastructure. These chip-scale optical transceiver systems are integrated using two-chip bonding solution of CMOS electronic die with a silicon photonic die. In this work, modeling of the critical bond-wire is performed with electromagnetic field solver to optimize the integration of a silicon photonic transmitter, which is composed of a current mode driver in a 130 nm CMOS process and a traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) in a SOI photonic process, respectively. It is shown that the bond-wire can be optimized for bandwidth extension using series peaking with the open-drain current mode driver. However, it degrades the bandwidth when using a voltage mode driver. A compact, experimentally verified, Verilog-A model for the MZM is adopted for the electro-optical simulation. Further, it is demonstrated that a minimum length of the bond-wire and a minimum spacing between two signal bond-wires are required to ensure the bandwidth of the system with hybrid simulation. A MZM device chip-on-board wire bonded on PCB is demonstrated operating up to 12.5 Gb/s.
Low-Pass Filtering, Heat Flux, and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability

AbstarctIn this model study the authors explore the possibility that the internal component of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) sea surface temperature (SST) signal is indistinguishable from the response to white noise forcing from the atmosphere and ocean. Here, complex models are compared without externally varying forcing with a one-dimensional noise-driven model for SST. General analytic expressions are obtained for both unfiltered and low-pass filtered lead–lag correlations. It is shown that this simple model reproduces many of the simulated lead–lag relationships among temperature, rate of change of temperature, and surface heat flux. It is concluded that the finding that at low frequencies the ocean loses heat to the atmosphere when the temperature is warm, which has been interpreted as showing that the ocean circulation drives the AMO, is a necessary consequence of the fact that at long periods the net heat flux (ocean plus atmosphere) is zero to a good approximation. It does not distin...
Perturbation of the mitochondrial lysine tRNA population by virus-induced transformation or stress of mammalian cells: functional properties and nucleotide sequence of a mitochondrially associated lysine tRNA.

Depending on the source of mammalian cells and their growth state, 11 isoaccepting tRNAs for lysine can be demonstrated by RPC-5 chromatography or in combination with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A composite profile illustrating these isoacceptors is shown in Fig. 1. The isoacceptors 1, 2, 5a, and 5 are observed in tRNA preparations from most mammalian tissues with insignificant variations from tissue to tissue. In contrast, tRNA 4 Lys is present in greater amounts in growing cells than in resting cells (Ortwerth and Liu 1973; Juarez et al. 1975). Variations in amounts of tRNA 4 Lys are correlated with the ability of cells to divide, and the isoacceptor was proposed as a requirement for cell division (Ortwerth 1971). It is not detectable in permanently differentiated tissues. The level of tRNA 4 Lys is directly related to the doubling time of cells and drops sharply just prior to confluency (Conlon-Hollingshead and Ortwerth 1980; Katze 1975; Ortwerth 1971). Isoacceptors 2b, 3, 4a, 4b, and 5b are not observed routinely, either because of their presence in small amounts and cochromatography with other isoacceptors or because they occur only in certain tissues. tRNA 4a Lys is not shown in the profile, but it elutes with tRNA 4 Lys . tRNA 6 Lys occurs in some cell lines transformed by viruses; polyoma-virus-transformed 3T3 and Balb/3T3 (Jacobson et al. 1974), murine sarcoma virus transformed Balb/3T3 (Hedgcoth et al. 1980a, b), and Rous-sarcoma-virus-transformed NRK (C. Hedgcoth, K. Scheets, and S. Allen, unpublished results). This isoacceptor has also been observed in some cell lines not known to be transformed by viruses (Chu-Der and Ortwerth 1980).
Integrating Lean Exploration Loops Into Healthcare Facility Design: Schematic Phase

Purpose:To explore how Lean can add value during the schematic phase of design through providing additional resources and support to project leadership and the architectural design team.Background:This case study–based research took place at one large academic hospital during design efforts of surgical tower to house 19 operating rooms (ORs) and support spaces including pre- and post-op, central processing and distribution, and materials management. Surgical services project leadership asked for Lean practitioners’ support during the design process.Methods:Lean Exploration Loops (LELs) were conducted to generate evidence to support stakeholders, as they made important decisions about the new building design. The analyses conducted during LELs during the schematic phase were primarily conducted using express workouts (EWOs) and were focused on the flow of patients, staff, and family throughout the pavilion.Results:LELs resulted in recommendations for key design features (e.g., number of pre- and post-op ba...
Laboratory Evaluation of Low-Cost Wearable Sensors for Measuring Head Impacts in Sports

Advances in low-cost wearable head impact sensor technology provide potential benefits regarding sports safety for both consumers and researchers. However, previous laboratory evaluations are not directly comparable and do not incorporate test conditions representative of unhelmeted impacts. This study addresses those limitations. The xPatch by X2 Biosystems and the SIM-G by Triax Technologies were placed on a National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) headform with a Hybrid III neck which underwent impact tests using a pendulum. Impact conditions included helmeted, padded impactor to bare head, and rigid impactor to bare head to represent long- and short-duration impacts seen in helmeted and unhelmeted sports. The wearable sensors were evaluated on their kinematic accuracy by comparing results to reference sensors located at the headform center of gravity. Statistical tests for equivalence were performed on the slope of the linear regression between wearable sensors and ref...
Space Groups, Brillouin Zone and the Group of k

Consider that a finite group G has the subgroup S. We recall that the order of S divides the order of G, so that g/s = n, where n is an integer and g and s are the orders of G and S, respectively (Section 1.4). Let p be an element of G but not of S, so that p ∈ G - S (Fig. 5.1).
X-Ray Diffraction Techniques in Analysis and Prediction of Failure

When it was found that X-ray diffraction (XRD) was capable of unraveling the atomic arrangement in solids, it aroused an enthusiasm which has never dwindled. Crystallographers use the method with success to define the idealized structure, but knowledge about the deviations from this perfection is equally important, particularly to the materials scientist.
Chemical Messengers in Insects and Plants

Studies of the chemistry and behavior of living organisms are often limited by the narrow focus of the researcher. Research efforts are frequently concentrated on one particular aspect of several diverse organisms rather than on a comprehensive view of one organism and its environment. The significance of such efforts is further limited by our lack of appreciation of the interrelationships within groups of organisms and more importantly by our insistence on studying static (artificial) rather than dynamic systems. Although it is unlikely that experiments can be designed which completely eliminate those pitfalls, it is clear that “human-centric” reasoning must be minimized. For the scientist, the view that “man is the master of the environment” must be reversed, i.e., “the environment is the master of man.” It is from this frame of reference that this report on chemical messenger systems in insects and plants is written.
Radiation safety officer for the day - Training exercises in Nuclear Regulatory Commission concepts and radiation safety scenarios for residents and nuclear attending physicians

1032 Learning Objectives Those involved in training and in the daily practice of nuclear medicine need a firm practical knowledge of radiation safety and the concepts of NRC regulations. We illustrate, in a simplified pictorial format, a comprehensive technique for reviewing Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) scenarios required to safely practice as an authorized user for the safe and effective medical use of radionuclides. We discuss how this exercise will emphasize the concepts of ALARA, training to handle radioactive spills, medical events, pregnancy and breast feeding during radioactive diagnostic and nuclear treatment procedures, the handling of common and uncommon situations including the nuclear patient on dialysis, treatment patients who do not adhere to the regulations, etc. There are many residents in training and physicians who practice nuclear medicine that need hands on familiarity with the "day to day" practice of radiation safety procedures and Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations as authorized users. To become more familiar with these important regulations, we have implemented a concept which we refer to as "Radiation Safety Officer For The Day". In this role, the individual in this role under the tutelage of the RSO responds to a wide variety of common and uncommon scenarios which include: how to handle spills, concepts of ALARA, handle a medical event, how to handle a pregnant or breastfeeding patient who needs a nuclear medicine examination or treatment, the ordering and receipts of radioactive materials, waste management, maintaining equipment, etc. We will also emphasize the handling of a variety of uncommon situations which may be encountered on a daily basis. Many of these scenarios will be displayed in a pictorial format. Upon completion of this exercise, the authorized user will have a much better understanding of what is required to be a radiation safety officer and better handle a variety of problems as a authorized user
On Admissibility and Uniform Admissibility in Finite Population Sampling

The paper surveys admissibility and uniform admissibility results in finite population sampling starting with the pioneering work of Professor Joshi, Professor Godambe and others. The recently introduced “stepwise Bayes” technique of Meeden and Ghosh has been explored in the proof of admissibility of well-known estimators as well as in the construction of new admissible estimators of the finite population mean and the finite population variance.
Computer Simulation of Monochromatic X-Rays

We investigate how one can estimate from the total attenuation, p, of a polychromatic x-ray beam what the total attenuation, m, of a monochromatic beam would have been along the same ray.
Aerial Border Surveillance for Search and Rescue Missions Using Eye Tracking Techniques

Aerial border surveillance is a crucial activity, which can assure the security of the country boarder and aid in search and rescue missions. This paper offers a novel “hands-free” tool for aerial border surveillance, search and rescue missions using head-mounted eye tracking technology. The contributions of this work are: i) a gaze based aerial boarder surveillance object classification and recognition framework; ii) real-time object detection and identification system in non-scanned regions; iii) investigating the scan-path (fixation and non-scanned) provided by mobile eye tracker can help improve training professional search and rescue organizations or even artificial intelligence robots for searching and rescuing missions. The proposed system architecture is further demonstrated using a dataset of large-scale real-life head-mounted eye tracking data.
Review of measurements used in computing education research and suggestions for increasing standardization

Background and context: The variables that researchers measure and how they measure them are central in any area of research, including computing education. Which research questions can be asked an...
Relationship between rank and instructor teaching technique in an adult martial arts setting

There is a dearth of centralized organizations that focus on systematic methods of training, evaluating, and certifying martial arts instructors. Presently, martial arts instructors often learn to teach through the apprenticeship of observation. Learning through the apprenticeship of observation is known to facilitate poor pedagogical techniques by the instructor and propagates bad pedagogical techniques through ‘generations’ of instructor-to-student transmission. Since rank is correlated with duration of practice as a martial artist, it is often assumed that those of higher rank are more competent in both martial arts and teaching ability than those of lower rank. The purpose of this study was to relate martial arts instructors’ behavior with their rank. Instructors who differ in black belt rank (1st to 5th degree) were video recorded teaching a martial arts class. Videos were analyzed using the Academic Learning Time–Physical Education (ALT-PE) system and Cheffers’ [1990] Adaptation to Flanders’ [1970] Interaction Analysis System. As predicted, there was a positive relation between rank and instructor behaviors expected to result in better student performance. Comparing formal and informal training methods for instructors would be valuable in the future.
Comparing the Effects of Inhaled Pulmonary Vasodilators and Their Diluents on Airway Inflammation and Ciliary Function

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) and epoprostenol (EPO) are inhaled therapies for pulmonary hypertension. The most common diluents for EPO, glycine (GLY) and arginine (ARG), have a pH of 11-13. pH > 10 has been shown to cause cessation of ciliary beating, cell sloughing, and inhibition of airway drug transport. The effects of EPO-GLY and EPO-ARG on airway epithelia are unknown. NO has been reported to be conditionally pro- or anti-inflammatory. NO donor compounds have disparate effects upon inflammatory mediators in airway cells, but this has not been evaluated in response to NO gas. We hypothesized that EPO-GLY and EPO-ARG would increase inflammatory markers in airway epithelia and that NO exposure would not increase the production of inflammatory markers. Methods: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (Figure 1) were exposed to NO (20 ppm), EPO-GLY (30 ng/mL), EPO-ARG (30 ng/mL), GLY, ARG, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control). pH of each solution was measured immediately prior to exposure; PBS pH was 7.0, EPO-GLY and GLY pH was 12, EPO-ARG and ARG pH was 12.9. We harvested cell media and lysate for measurement of inflammatory markers. Ciliary beat was observed at each time interval using light microscopy. High-definition video images were recorded. Post-processing included noise reduction and point-feature matching to enhance visualization of cell movement. Ciliary cell clusters were directly observed and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) calculated for each experiment. Results: In all cells exposed to GLY, EPO-GLY, ARG, and EPO-ARG ciliary beat decreased immediately (p Conclusions: Apical exposure of EPO-GLY, EPO-ARG, GLY, or ARG causes ciliary beat cessation and cell death in NHBE cells.