cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in glucosinolate accumulation in turnips grown under photoselective nettings

Glucosinolates (GSLs) accumulation is greatly influenced by environmental conditions including planting date and light quality and quantity. Photoselective nettings influence both the quality and quantity of light transmitted onto the crop canopy. The objective of this study was to determine yield and GSL concentrations in turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L.) roots and shoots grown under different photoselective nettings at different planting dates. Field studies were conducted with red and white turnip cultivars at May and August planting dates for two years using blue, red, and yellow photoselective nettings and a no netting control. Netting did not significantly affect the shoot yield and had an inconsistent effect on root yield. Cultivars differed in GSL concentrations with JR, the white turnip cultivar, having the highest gluconapin (3-butenyl GSL) concentrations in root and shoot tissues and the red turnip cultivar having the highest total GSL concentration in root tissues. Netting did not significantly influence total or individual GSLs in root tissues. Netting was only a significant factor for glucobrassicanapin (GBN; 4-pentenyl GSL) concentration in shoots with no netting treatments resulting in the highest GBN concentrations. May plantings resulted in 50% higher total GSL concentrations than August plantings. Planting date × year interactions were significant for total and individual GSL concentrations. These interactions may be due to differences in mean air temperatures and solar radiation prior to harvest.
Update in Hospital Medicine

This Update in Hospital Medicine discusses articles published in 2005 that provided good-quality evidence of importance to hospital administrators and physicians who care for hospitalized patients....
Successful treatment of murine β-thalassemia intermedia by transfer of the human β-globin gene

The β-thalassemias are caused by more than 200 mutations that reduce or abolish β-globin production. The severity of the resulting anemia can lead to lifelong transfusion dependency. A genetic treatment based on globin gene transfer would require that transgene expression be erythroid specific, elevated, and sustained over time. We report here that long-term synthesis of chimeric hemoglobin (muα2:huβ 2 A ) could be achieved in mice with β-thalassemia intermedia following engraftment with bone marrow cells transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the human β-globin gene. In the absence of any posttransduction selection, the treated chimeras exhibit durably increased hemoglobin levels without diminution over 40 weeks. Ineffective erythropoiesis and extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) regress, as reflected by normalization of spleen size, architecture, hematopoietic colony formation, and disappearance of liver EMH. These findings establish that a sustained increase of 3 to 4 g/dL hemoglobin is sufficient to correct ineffective erythropoiesis. Hepatic iron accumulation is markedly decreased in 1-year-old chimeras, indicating persistent protection from secondary organ damage. These results demonstrate for the first time that viral-mediated globin gene transfer in hematopoietic stem cells effectively treats a severe hemoglobin disorder.
Self-Assembly of a Rodlike Polypeptide on Solid Surfaces: Role of Solvent, Molecular Weight, and Time of Assembly

The interplay between preparative conditions and molecular characteristics during the self-assembly of a rigid, rodlike, α-helical polypeptide was investigated. Poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) was prepared by a novel synthetic route wherein the polymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride was initiated with an amine terminated disulfide, and the SSPBLG was characterized using light scattering, viscometry, and size-exclusion chromatography. Self-assembly of SSPBLG on gold substrates was found to proceed rapidly and high molecular weight (∼27 kDa) polypeptides formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on a time scale of minutes. Characterization of the SAMs by polarization modulation infrared absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) was used to explore the effects of the molecular weight of the polypeptide, the time of assembly, and the solvent. An increase in the length of the polypeptide from 66 to 156 A caused an increase in the average tilt of the helix axis from the normal to the surface. The use of a nonpolar solvent ...
Opposition to the Living Wage: Discourse, Rhetoric, and American Exceptionalism

In this analysis my aim is to further a line of inquiry into the cultural logics surrounding the ways that people conceptualize work, worth, and the compensation of labor. By analyzing public attitudes towards wage floor policies such as the living wage, ethnographers can contribute to the broader effort at dismantling the naturalized cultural logic of neoliberalism regarding progressive economic policies, specifically living wages. I conclude that the discursive constitution of living wages by opponents reflects broader and more deeply held ideological assertions about American society and the marketplace, and reinforcing a notion of American exceptionalism.
An object-oriented design and implementation of reusable graph objects with C++: a case study

In its basic form, a graph consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges. Infinitely many variations, however, can be defined from it. One may associate any set of attributes with the set of vertices and edges (resulting directed and undirected graphs, flow networks, finit e state diagrams, vertex weighted graphs, etc.), or associate any set of restrictions with the set of vertices and edges (resulting acyclic graphs, bipartite graphs, planar graphs, interval graphs, etc.). Various graphs have been implemented and embedded in today's software systems. In this paper, we study the issues of reusable design and propose a design and implementation of reusable graph objects using object-oriented concepts so that graph objects can be adapted to new or revised applications.
Further Counts of Bacteria on U.S. Commercial Raw Cotton Fiber

As a result of a continuing interest in bacteria as a possible cause of byssinosis, previously reported counts of bacteria on U.S. cotton have now been extended. Counts have been made on 144 classer's samples from the 1981 crop by methods used previously with samples from the 1980 crop. The 1981 crop again exhibited great sample-to-sample variation in total bacteria and gram negatives within the same grade and growth area. Gram-negative bacteria were found at a million or more per gram of fiber in some classer's samples from the Southeast, Midsouth, and Texas-Oklahoma. Cottons from California's San Joaquin Valley, however, consistently showed bacterial counts much lower than the national average, continuing a trend shown in the 1980 crop. No constant or even near-constant proportionality occurred between numbers . for total bacteria and for gram negatives. In an additional series of 80 samples from Cone Mills Corporation, California cottons again showed exceptionally low bacterial counts. Bacterial number...
Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and regional dimensions during acute alterations in loading conditions.

Acute pharmacologically mediated parallel shifts in the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relation may be due to the restraining effect of the pericardium and/or leftward displacement of the interventricular septum. The existence and cause of this phenomenon in the right ventricle has not been studied in animals or in man. Accordingly, we altered right ventricular pressure with intravenous phenylephrine (0.2 to 0.3 mg) and nitroprusside (0.5 to 1.5 micrograms/kg/min) to achieve three disparate peak right ventricular pressures in nine normal subjects after partial autonomic blockade with atropine (1 mg) and propranolol (0.15 mg/kg). Simultaneous high-fidelity right ventricular pressures and biplane cineventriculographic volumes were acquired during the three resultant loading conditions. Right atrial pacing maintained heart rate constant at each pressure level. Peak right ventricular systolic pressure (23 +/- 3 vs 31 +/- 9 vs 45 +/- 6 mm Hg, all p less than .01) and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (4 +/- 2 vs 8 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 3 mm Hg, all p less than .01) were significantly different at low, medium, and high loading conditions, respectively. Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations were, in parallel, shifted upward with altered loading in each patient. This was manifest by an unchanged dynamic chamber stiffness constant and a significant increase in the diastolic pressure volume y intercept at each load (1.98 +/- 2.21 vs 5.33 +/- 5.39 vs 8.51 +/- 3.99 mm Hg, p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Factorial moments of continuous order.

The normalized factorial moments [ital F][sub [ital q]] are continued to noninteger values of the order [ital q], satisfying the condition that the statistical fluctuations remain filtered out. That is, for the Poisson distribution [ital F][sub [ital q]]=1 for all [ital q]. The continuation procedure is deisgned with phenomenology and data analysis in mind. Examples are given to show how [ital F][sub [ital q]] can be obtained for positive and negative values of [ital q]. With [ital q] being continuous, a multifractal analysis is made possible for multiplicity distributions that arise from self-similar dynamics. A step-by-step procedure of the method is summarized in the conclusion.
A Review of: “FUNDAMENTALS OF FORECASTING” by William G. Sullivan and W. Wayne Claycombe, Reston Publishing Co., 1977, $ 15.95 list.

(1978). A Review of: “FUNDAMENTALS OF FORECASTING” by William G. Sullivan and W. Wayne Claycombe, Reston Publishing Co., 1977, $ 15.95 list. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 65-67.
Knee joint loading during gait in healthy controls and individuals with knee osteoarthritis

summary Objective: Peoplewithkneeosteoarthritis(OA)arethoughttowalkwithhighloadsatthekneewhichareyet to be quantified using modeling techniques that account for subject specific electromyography (EMG) patterns, kinematics and kinetics. The objective was to estimate medial and lateral loading for people with knee OA and controls using an approach that is sensitive to subject specific muscle activation patterns. Methods: Sixteen OA and 12 control (C) subjects walked while kinematic, kinetic and EMG data were collected. Muscle forces were calculated using an EMG-Driven model and loading was calculated by balancing the external moments with internal muscle and contact forces. Results: OA subjects walked slower and had greater laxity, static and dynamic varus alignment, less flexion and greater knee adduction moment (KAM). Loading [normalized to body weight (BW)] was no different between the groups but OA subjects had greater absolute medial load than controls and maintained a greater %total load on the medial compartment. These patterns were associated with body mass, sagittal and frontal plane moments, static alignment and close to significance for dynamic alignment. Lateral compartment unloading during mid-late stance was observed in 50% of OA subjects. Conclusions: Loading for control subjects was similar to data from instrumented prostheses. Knee OA subjects had high medial contact loads in early stance and half of the OA cohort demonstrated lateral compartment lift-off. Results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing BW and dynamic malalignment might be effective in reducing medial compartment loading and establishing normal medio-lateral load sharing patterns.
Analog Computer Studies or System Overvoltages Following Load Rejections

The purpose of this paper is to report analog computer studies which were made to determine the magnitudes and durations of fundamental frequency overvoltages appearing at the generator terminals and transformer high-voltage bus following certain types of load rejections.
Misattribution of ethanol intoxication

Abstract Although studies indicate that cognitive variables are sufficient to influence intoxication experiences, the potential for interplay between physiological and cognitive influences remains intuitively appealing. To test the hypothesis that the interoceptive events caused by alcohol consumption can be attributed to nonalcoholic stimuli, subjects were given a placebo medication. Instructions led subjects to believe that the placebo had effects either similar or dissimilar to alcohol or no effects. Low or moderate doses of ethanol were used. Attribution of physiological sensations to the placebo, perceptions of impairment and mood state were assessed 20, 40, and 60 minutes after completion of the drink. Forthy-eight nonalcoholic male students participated in the study. Misattribution to the placebo was greatest at the lower dose and with increasing time. The manipulation of instructions did not affect the degree of misattribution. However, individuals instructed to expect side effects from the placebo perceived significantly less impairment than participants who did not expect side effects. Both similar and dissimilar side effects affected perceptions of impairment. The implications of these data for cognitive and cognitive- pharmacological theories of intoxication are examined.
The nexus of social and literacy experiences at home and school: implications for primary school oral language and literacy

This study examined the relations among the diversity of the social groupings in which children participated in home literacy events, and the social groupings, oral language, and literacy in primary school literacy events. We found that diversity of experiences in home literacy events related to diversity in social groupings in school literacy events. Varied school social groups were contexts in which children generated ‘literate’ oral language; talk about language and talk about mental states, in turn, related to measures of reading and writing. Results indicated an inter-relation among measures of oral language, reading, and writing in first grade. Results are discussed in terms of diverse social network theory and the influence of cognitive decentration on language and literacy.
Between the foreign and the local: French midwifery, traditional practitioners, and vernacular medical knowledge about childbirth in Lima, Peru

This article examines the politics of midwifery and the persecution of untitled female assistants in childbirth in early republican Peru. A close reading of late colonial publications and the works of Benita Paulina Cadeau Fessel, a French obstetriz director of a midwifery school in Lima, demonstrates both trans-Atlantic and local influences in the campaign against untitled midwives. Cadeau Fessel's efforts to promote midwifery built upon debates among writers in Peru's enlightened press, who vilified untrained midwives' and wet nurses' vernacular medical knowledge and associated them with Lima's underclass. One cannot understand the transfer of French knowledge about professional midwifery to Peru without reference to the social, political, and cultural context.
Determination of thickness and defocus by quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated high-resolution images

Abstract In this work, we present a refinement of the thickness, defocus, and beam tilt deduced from a defocus series of high-resolution electron microscope images using a computational method that is commonly employed in structure refinement by X-ray diffraction and in the analysis of γ-ray and X-ray spectra, namely unconstrained, non-linear, least-squares optimization. Defocus results obtained from the refinement are compared with analysis of the image contrast from amorphous material present in each image. Results indicate that refined values for defocus are consistent with those values determined using more conventional methods. The refinement method is more sensitive to defocus than the conventional method. In addition, the refinement method is sensitive to specimen thickness and beam tilt. Reasonable fits including thickness, defocus, and beam tilt are obtained for defoci near zero defocus, whereas the quality of the fit decreases with increasing defocus.
Heparin affinity: purification of a tumor-derived capillary endothelial cell growth factor

A tumor-derived growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells has a very strong affinity for heparin. This heparin affinity makes it possible to purify the growth factor to a single-band preparation in a rapid two-step procedure. The purified growth factor is a cationic polypeptide, has a molecular weight of about 18,000, and stimulates capillary endothelial cell proliferation at a concentration of about 1 nanogram per milliliter.
Bridging government–university–industry technological learning disconnects: a comparative study of training and development policies and practices in the U.S., Japan, Germany, and France

Abstract Training and Development (T&D) programs are increasingly playing a crucial role in determining long-term survival and success for technologically advanced corporations and societies alike. T&D is the sine qua non to address major challenges at both the societal and the corporate level through continuously building and renewing technological skills and knowledge. A resource-based, dynamic learning systems approach encompassing the major stakeholders of vocational and corporate Training and Development programs, addresses the following three questions: 1. What hinders the strategic role of T&D? 2. What facilitates/reinforces the strategic role of T&D? 3. How can the hindrances be alleviated and the reinforcing elements enhanced in a Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) framework based on multinational benchmarking of “Best Practices”? A comparative analysis of the historical evolution and the state-of-the-art in corporate- and government-sponsored Training and Development in the U.S., Japan, Germany, and France are used as the frame of reference for dealing with these questions. The answers developed provide a conceptual framework for T&D within the context of the learning, technology-driven corporation of the future, which pivots around three mutually reinforcing levels of technological learning: operational learning , tactical learning or learning how-to-learn from experience , and strategic learning or learning to learn how-to-learn from experience .
Validation of the pharyngeal squeeze maneuver.

Objective: The pharyngeal squeeze maneuver (PSM) is a surrogate measure of pharyngeal strength on endoscopy. The validity of this measure has not been reported. The purpose of this investigation wa...
Establishing object invariants with delayed types

Mainstream object-oriented languages such as C# and Java provide an initialization model for objects that does not guarantee programmer controlled initialization of fields. Instead, all fields are initialized to default values (0 for scalars and null for non-scalars) on allocation. This is in stark contrast to functional languages, where all parts of an allocation are initialized to programmer-provided values. These choices have a direct impact on two main issues: 1) the prevalence of null in object oriented languages (and its general absence in functional languages), and 2) the ability to initialize circular data structures. This paper explores connections between these differing approaches and proposes a fresh look at initialization. Delayed types are introduced to express and formalize prevalent initialization patterns in object-oriented languages.
Neuropathology of human sympathetic autonomic ganglia.

The neuropathologic alterations which underlie autonomic nervous system dysfunction in aging and in a variety of diseases have been systematically examined in the sympathetic ganglia of a series of 347 autopsied adults and in a review of previously published studies. Markedly swollen terminal axons containing neurofilamentous aggregates were found immediately adjacent to the neuronal cell bodies of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia in aging, in diabetes, and, to a lesser extent, in alcoholism. Dystrophic axons appeared to involve subpopulations of intraganglionic nerve fibers, chiefly those containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), and were more frequent in males than females. Neither aging nor diabetes resulted in significant numbers of actively degenerating neurons or a substantial decrease in neuronal density. Parenchymal aggregates of lymphocytes in the ganglionic neuropil and perivascular regions represented a frequent histologic finding in both prevertebral and paravertebral ganglia; however, they were not selectively increased in frequency or intensity in diabetic subjects or in any other disease entity. Many dilated clear “vacuoles,” apparently located within the neuronal cell bodies of paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia according to light microscopy, were subsequently shown by electron microscopy to represent vacuolated or fluid-filled neurites, most likely terminal axons or synapses. Vacuolated neurites were more frequent in, although not confined to, diabetic patients. Similar pathologic findings have been reported in studies of sympathetic ganglia in various human diseases. The frequency of some pathologic lesions in control populations as a function of age or gender necessitates the careful selection of a relatively large, appropriately matched, control population for comparison with presumed disease-induced ganglionic neuropathology, and emphasizes the importance of quantitative comparisons. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the rapid field identification and classification of pathogenic bacteria

LIBS has been utilized to spectrally fingerprint multiple species of bacteria. Differences in the atomic composition of these bacteria allow a real-time classification and identification of unknown samples after a computerized chemometric analysis.
Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. II. Spinal nerve exits

Young dogs were perfused with buffered aldehydes. For scanning electron microscopy MICROFIL was injected to help prevent vascular collapse. The dura-arachnoid was exposed leaving the nerve exits and rootlets intact. These were identified according to level and dissected free. Selected specimens were photographed at low magnification. Others were embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned for light and transmission electron microscopy. Similar specimens were prepared by critical point drying and palladium-gold coating for scanning electron microscopy. Nerve roots pierce the dura through single exits (upper cervical, lower lumbar, sacral), or by exits separate for dorsal and ventral roots (lower cervical, thoracic, lumbar), or by multiple exits (cervical). Scanning electron microscopy reveals complicated tissue relationships chiefly involving arachnoid trabeculae. At the point of nerve root exits the arachnoid gives rise to numerous arachnoid trabeculae which form highly fenestrated sheets. These attach to blood vessels and nerve roots. A lateral recess occurs between dorsal and ventral roots (cervical, lumbar). Numerous macrophages are present on the various surfaces studied.
Observations of far and extreme ultraviolet OI emissions in tropical ionosphere

Abstract The first observations of equatorial ionospheric emissions in the 800–1050 A spectral region have been made from the STP 72-1 satellite. Analysis of these data and comparison with data taken simultaneously in the 1220–1400 A wavelength range indicate a strong correlation between these emissions, as well as a pronounced dependence on season and dip latitude. Both nadir data and spin data are presented, and analyses of spin data indicate latitudinal variations of the F 2 peak altitude. Theoretical calculations of emission in the 800–1050 A spectral region show that the data are consistent with radiative recombination of O + as a source of the observed emissions.
TRANSFORMING CONJUNCTIVE MATCH INTO RETE: A CALL-GRAPH CACHING APPROACH

Conjunctive match is often used in Artificial Intelligence as the kernel of a pattern-directed inference [37] engine. Conjunctive match entails generating and testing all possible combinations of objects against a pattern of constraints. While simple to program, it is an expensive, exponential cost computation. To reduce this average match cost in production system engines, the RETE match algorithm [8] was devised. RETE compiles each rule's pattern of constraints into a network, and then incrementally updates partial matches as objects are inserted and deleted. RETE, however, has its own cost: conceptual and implementational complexity. Call-graph caching (CGC) [20] is a mechanism for transforming recursive specifications into highly optimized networks. In this paper, we describe CGC, and use it to transform a family of recursive conjunctive match formulations into their corresponding RETE networks. Our approach illustrates the ideas behind RETE, and shows their application to other algorithms.
Oligopolistic Reaction and Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of the U.S. Tire and Textiles Industries

This paper empirically tests the impact of oligopolistic reaction and some firm–related and host country–related factors on FDI activities in the U.S. tire and textile industries. The results reveal that in an oligopolistic industry, firms' motivation of FDI is based on the behavior of rivals as well as host country–related and firm–related factors, while in a more competitively structured industry, firms do not actively counter the competitors' FDI activities.
Observation of Heteronuclear Feshbach Molecules from a Rb85 Rb87 Gas

We report on the observation of ultracold heteronuclear Feshbach molecules. Starting with a $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ Bose-Einstein condensate and a cold atomic gas of $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, we utilize previously unobserved interspecies Feshbach resonances to create up to 25 000 molecules. Even though the $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ gas is nondegenerate, we observe a large molecular conversion efficiency due to the presence of a quantum degenerate $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ gas; this represents a key feature of our system. We compare the molecule creation at two different Feshbach resonances with different magnetic-field widths. The two Feshbach resonances are located at $265.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15\text{ }\mathrm{G}$ and $372.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{G}$. We also directly measure the small binding energy of the molecules through resonant magnetic-field association.
PS1-16: Patterns of Surgical Care for Ductal Carcinoma In-situ

Background/Aims Overall prognosis for ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), a non-invasive breast malignancy, is generally quite positive with a mortality rate of < 2%. DCIS may progress to invasive breast cancer if left undetected or inadequately treated. Age, family history and individual preference are factors influencing quality and extent of surgical treatment of DCIS. Breast conserving surgery with or without radiation is commonly used to treat limited DCIS, with consideration for adjuvant endocrine therapy. Re-excision is not uncommon for DCIS, as it may be difficult to initially obtain a negative margin and also there may be suspicion of co-existing invasive breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy and prophylactic mastectomy have been considered over-treatment for DCIS, except in cases where DCIS is high grade, diffuse, large size, or has components of microinvasion. Our study aim was to evaluate patient characteristics and impact of features of DCIS on surgical patterns of care for DCIS.
Direct radioimmunoassay of androstenediol-3-sulfate in the serum of normal men.

Abstract A commercially available antidihydrotestosterone antiserum was used for the direct radioimmunoassay of androstenediol-3-sulfate (ADS) in human serum. Aliquots of 1 or 2 μl male serum (mean age of 40 subjects, 38.2 ± 5.0 years) were diluted and extracted with ethanol for assay. The tracer, [7-3H]ADS, was prepared by sodium borohydride reduction of [7-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS). Significantly cross-reacting steroids were testosterone, DS, androsterone sulfate, and epiandrosterone sulfate, which combined to produce a mean overestimation of ADS of 4.3 μg/dl in male serum. Mean serum ADS was 23.6 ± 10.0 μg/dl (SD) in 20 fresh-frozen sera versus 28.4 ± 9.7 μg/dl (SD) in 20 long-term (24.4 ± 1.2 years) frozen specimens, showing stability on long-term frozen storage. Androstenediol-3-sulfate also showed a strong correlation with serum DS (r = 0.75). The possible physiologic significance of ADS is discussed, particularly in terms of the known estrogenicity ofunconjugated androstenediol. (Steroids 56:320–324, 1991)
Retinal Input Instructs Alignment of Visual Topographic Maps

Sensory information is represented in the brain in the form of topographic maps, in which neighboring neurons respond to adjacent external stimuli. In the visual system, the superior colliculus receives topographic projections from the retina and primary visual cortex (V1) that are aligned. Alignment may be achieved through the use of a gradient of shared axon guidance molecules, or through a retinal-matching mechanism in which axons that monitor identical regions of visual space align. To distinguish between these possibilities, we take advantage of genetically engineered mice that we show have a duplicated functional retinocollicular map but only a single map in V1. Anatomical tracing revealed that the corticocollicular projection bifurcates to align with the duplicated retinocollicular map in a manner dependent on the normal pattern of spontaneous activity during development. These data suggest a general model in which convergent maps use coincident activity patterns to achieve alignment.
Incidence of nodal metastases in T2 supraglottic carcinoma.

A retrospective study over a period of six years of those patients suffering from T2 supraglottic carcinomas has been made, with specific attention directed to the prognostic importance of cervical nodal metastases. Seventy-six cases were reviewed, and 43% had cervical metastases. Treatment was by standard laryngectomy and neck dissection. A three-year cure rate of 84% exists with absence of cervical metastases. A 30% cure rate exists with adenopathy. Clinically "positive" cervical nodes were histologically abnormal in only 55% of cases.
A Revised Calibration Function and Results for the Phoenix Mission TECP Relative Humidity Sensor

A new calibration function for the humidity sensor in the Thermal and Electrical Conductivity Probe (TECP) on the Phoenix (PHX) Mars mission has been developed. Two changes are incorporated: (1) it is now cast in terms of frost point (Tf) rather than relative humidity (RH), and (2) flight data, taken when the atmosphere is independently known to be saturated, are included in the calibration data set. Daytime (6:00 h–19:00 h) frost points ranged from 194 K to 209 K; the nighttime frost point ranged from 179 K to 206 K. The response of the sensor was smooth and continuous throughout. Daytime humidity exhibited large, high-frequency variance driven by turbulence, whereas nighttime humidity varied smoothly with the temperature of the atmosphere. Nighttime saturation of the atmosphere begins at Ls 101°, (Martian solar day (sol) 55), which is earlier than reported by either Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) or solid-state imager (SSI). Early mornings are the most humid part of the sol after Ls 113° (sol 80), due to sublimation of surface ice that precipitates overnight. H2O is removed from the atmosphere into the regolith, mostly during the late afternoon, although this continues into the evening. The ground ice exposed by Phoenix operations masks the naturally occurring process in the early evening and may cause the atmosphere immediately around the lander to saturate somewhat earlier in the evening than it otherwise would have. The average H2O vapor density is close to the summertime value expected for equilibrium with ground ice. A discrepancy between the H2O column calculated from TECP data and the column measured by CRISM and SSI is likely due to comparable timescales between turbulent mixing through the planetary boundary layer and adsorptive drawdown of H2O. We find that RH is mostly 95% (nighttime), and the transition between the two extremes is extremely rapid.
Exploring behaviors of SDE models of biological systems using change of measures

We introduce a method for solving the following problem: given a Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) model describing the dynamics of a biological system, algorithmically decide whether the model satisfies a given high-level behavioral specification. Our proposed solution uses a combination of Bayesian statistical hypothesis testing, Girsanov's theorem for change of measures, and independent but non-identically distributed (i.i.d.) sampling algorithms. Our use of non-i.i.d. sampling contributes to the state of the art in statistical verification of stochastic systems by providing an effective means for exposing rare events, while retaining the ability to compute bounds on the probability that those events occur.
Mesoscale, cyclonic eddies as larval fish habitat along the southeast United States shelf: a Lagrangian description of the zooplankton community

Govoni, J. J., Hare, J. A., Davenport, E. D., Chen, M. H., and Marancik, K. E. 2010. Mesoscale, cyclonic eddies as larval fish habitat along the southeast United States shelf: a Lagrangian description of the zooplankton community. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 403-411.The Charleston Gyre region is characterized by continuous series of cyclonic eddies that propagate northeastwards before decaying or coalescing with the Gulf Stream south of Cape Hatteras, NC, USA. Over 5 d, chlorophyll-a concentration, zooplankton displacement volume, and zooplankton composition and abundance changed as the eddy moved to the northeast. Surface chlorophyll-a concentration decreased, and zooplankton displacement remained unchanged as the eddy propagated. Zooplankton taxa known to be important dietary constituents of larval fish increased in concentration as the eddy propagated. The concurrent decrease in chlorophyll-a concentration and static zooplankton displacement volume can be explained by initial stimulation of chlorophyll-a concentration by upwelling and nutrient enrichment near the eddy core and to possible grazing as zooplankton with short generation times and large clutch sizes increased in concentration. The zooplankton community did not change significantly within the 5 d that the eddy was tracked, and there was no indication of succession. Mesoscale eddies of the region are dynamic habitats as eddies propagate northeastwards at varying speeds within monthly periods. The abundance of zooplankton important to the diets of larval fish indicates that the region can provide important pelagic nursery habitat for larval fish off the southeast coast of the United States. A month of feeding and growth is more than half the larval duration of most fish spawned over the continental shelf of the southeastern United States in winter.
Role of Pore-Forming Toxins in Bacterial Infectious Diseases

SUMMARY Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the most common bacterial cytotoxic proteins and are required for virulence in a large number of important pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A and B streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PFTs generally disrupt host cell membranes, but they can have additional effects independent of pore formation. Substantial effort has been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of certain model PFTs. Likewise, specific host pathways mediating survival and immune responses in the face of toxin-mediated cellular damage have been delineated. However, less is known about the overall functions of PFTs during infection in vivo . This review focuses on common themes in the area of PFT biology, with an emphasis on studies addressing the roles of PFTs in in vivo and ex vivo models of colonization or infection. Common functions of PFTs include disruption of epithelial barrier function and evasion of host immune responses, which contribute to bacterial growth and spreading. The widespread nature of PFTs make this group of toxins an attractive target for the development of new virulence-targeted therapies that may have broad activity against human pathogens.
Decoupling integer execution in superscalar processors

We propose that processor hardware can be used more effectively if floating-point units are augmented to perform simple integer operations. Existing floating-point registers and datapaths are used to support these integer operations. Some integer instructions, those not used for computing addresses and accessing memory, can then be off-loaded to the floating-point units. Consequently, these integer instructions are decoupled from memory accessing, and additional instruction bandwidth is available for integer programs. This paper reports the results of a preliminary study of integer benchmark programs compiled for the SPARC architecture. The results indicate that between 10% and 39% of the instructions in the integer benchmarks can be executed in the augmented floating-point units. Furthermore, these instructions are all simple add, subtract and logical instructions.
Psychotherapy with the Brain Injured Adult

Brain injury strikes from 500,000 to more than 1.9 million people every year in the United States, yet infrequently is it considered in a variety of psychological settings. Cognitive deficits associated with brain injury vary as a function of the location and severity of the injury; however, it frequently results in disorders of attention, language and memory. In addition, behavioral and emotional changes are quite common after brain injury. Psychotherapy with the brain injured adult requires careful evaluation and consideration of cognitive problems before therapy can begin, and only within this context can the therapist tailor therapy to the patient's needs. This article examines the nature of cognitive deficits and emotional/ behavioral changes following brain injury and how these impairments impact the person with brain injury.
Development of a comprehensive community pharmacy patient intake form compliant with OBRA'90 requirements.

Objective: To identify whether community pharmacies are collecting the minimum patient information mandated by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (OBRA’90), and to create an intake form that meets and exceeds these requirements. Methods: Chain, mass merchandiser, supermarket, and wholesale pharmacies located within the state of Florida were eligible for selection. Only 1 pharmacy was selected from each company. The research assistant asked the pharmacy employee to describe all information requested from a patient who is bringing in a prescription for the first time and/ or provide a blank copy of their existing patient intake form. Patient intake information forms were collected between July 2008 and February 2009. Results: Of the 10 pharmacies included in this study (3 supermarkets, 3 mass merchandisers, 2 wholesale pharmacies, and 2 chain pharmacies), 40% of the studied pharmacies collected information on patient medications. All pharmacies collected at least 6 information requirements. Only ...
Toward practical analysis for trust management policy

Trust management is a scalable and flexible form of access control that relies heavily on delegation techniques. While these techniques may be necessary in large or decentralized systems, stakeholders need an analysis methodology and automated tools for reasoning about who will have access to their resources today as well as in the future. When an access control policy fails to satisfy the policy author's security objectives, tools should provide information that demonstrate how and why the failure occurred. Such information is useful in that it may assist policy authors in constructing policies that satisfy security objectives, which support policy authoring and maintenance. This paper presents a collection of reduction, optimization, and verification techniques useful in determining whether security properties are satisfied by RT policies. We provide proofs of correctness as well as demonstrate the degree of effectiveness and efficiency the techniques provide through empirical evaluation. While the type of analysis problem we examine is generally intractable, we demonstrate that our reduction and optimization techniques may be able to reduce problem instances into a form that can be automatically verified.
OUT OF CONTROL? RETHINKING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT WEALTH GOODS PRODUCTION AND THE CLASSIC MAYA

Objects crafted from jade played a prominent role in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica from at least the Middle Formative period (ca. 1000–400 b.c.). Based primarily on the consumption of jade artifacts by Classic Maya elites, scholars have argued that their production was under the direct control of elite members of society. Recent research in the middle Motagua Valley and elsewhere in Mesoamerica suggests that that the production of wealth goods varied much more widely than previously assumed. These data and subsequent technological analyses indicate that jade artifact production took place in a variety of domestic and nondomestic, as well as elite and nonelite, contexts. In particular, the current evidence from the middle Motagua Valley suggests that households at all levels of the local social hierarchy were engaged in the production of jade beads and preformed blanks intended for final-stage production elsewhere. This evidence runs counter to many previous models of wealth goods production, which have viewed such production as an elite-dominated activity. This article brings together recent evidence from the middle Motagua Valley, Guatemala, to propose new ways of conceptualizing the place of elites in Classic period Maya wealth goods production and the extent of their role in controlling ancient economies. The current evidence suggests that we need to evaluate models of wealth goods production in regard to specific temporal and spatial circumstances.
A Geostrophic Vortex over a Slope

Abstract Nonlinear, quasigeostrophic, f-plane vortices in two layers over a topographic slope are considered. Scaling arguments suggest two parameters that dictate the effective strength of the slope: the first indicates the likelihood of dispersion at depth, and the second relates to baroclinic stability. If the deep flow is only weakly dispersive (weak slopes), an initially barotropic vortex can translate barotropically across the isobaths, provided the vortex scale exceeds the deformation scale. Over stronger slopes, the vortex separates into topographic waves and a stationary, surface-trapped vortex. An initially surface-trapped vortex larger than deformation scale becomes unstable over a weak slope, as it does over a flat bottom. However, a strong slope can stabilize the vortex to small perturbations, despite the large vortex scale. The effective slope parameters depend not only on topographic grade, but on vortex strength and size, and on the ambient stratification. Parameters obtained with represen...
Comparative Nutrition and Developmental Biology of Xylem-Feeding Leafhoppers Reared on Four Genotypes of Glycine max

Abstract A simplified protocol for rearing the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), was tested on four genotypes of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Growth and development of leafhoppers were examined on three glabrous isolines (D88-5320, D88-5328, and D90-9216) and one pubescent genotype (Hagood). All three glabrous isolines were adequate hosts producing an average of >100 adults from eight original mating pairs of leafhoppers. Pubescent Hagood produced significantly fewer adults with longer developmental times. Isoline D88-5328 produced 30% more adults than the other glabrous isolines. Genotype also had significant effects on total developmental times, developmental rates within instars, growth rates, and adult masses at eclosion with insect performance being enhanced on isoline D88-5328. All genotypes of G. max had similar xylem chemistry at the initiation of the rearing experiment (6-week-old plants), but as G. max matured (14–18 wk), isoline D88-5328 pr...
Out With the New, in With the Old: as Sweden Aggressively Streamlines its Consumer Bankruptcy System, Have U.S. Reformers Fallen Off the Learning Curve?

Before the dust had settled on the complete overhaul of the U.S. consumer bankruptcy system in October 2005, Sweden remodeled its consumer bankruptcy law on May 19, 2006. After over a decade of trial and error under its 1994 original law, Sweden has just adopted a streamlined new law to make its system more straightforward and efficient. Of particular interest to U.S. readers, Sweden's original law functioned very much like the revised consumer bankruptcy system just adopted in the United States. U.S. policymakers should be aware of reforms in parallel systems, like that in Sweden, to avoid falling into the same traps that snared our European neighbors. For example, the failure and abandonment of mandatory credit counseling and informal negotiation with creditors in Sweden seems a likely harbinger of things inevitably to come in the U.S. In addition, Sweden has just ushered in an administrative structure that corresponds almost exactly with proposals that were rejected in the United States in the 1970s. Perhaps it is time to reconsider our rejection of these proposals, at least in part. This article examines the Swedish law in books and in action as part of an on-going project to chart - in English - the experiences of our European neighbors with new and developing consumer debt relief systems. In undertaking this project, I hope to encourage U.S. policymakers to climb back to the top of the increasingly international learning curve.
Accuracy vs. Availability Heuristic in Multimodal Affect Detection in the Wild

This paper discusses multimodal affect detection from a fusion of facial expressions and interaction features derived from students' interactions with an educational game in the noisy real-world context of a computer-enabled classroom. Log data of students' interactions with the game and face videos from 133 students were recorded in a computer-enabled classroom over a two day period. Human observers live annotated learning-centered affective states such as engagement, confusion, and frustration. The face-only detectors were more accurate than interaction-only detectors. Multimodal affect detectors did not show any substantial improvement in accuracy over the face-only detectors. However, the face-only detectors were only applicable to 65% of the cases due to face registration errors caused by excessive movement, occlusion, poor lighting, and other factors. Multimodal fusion techniques were able to improve the applicability of detectors to 98% of cases without sacrificing classification accuracy. Balancing the accuracy vs. applicability tradeoff appears to be an important feature of multimodal affect detection.
Disturbance in Porphyrin Metabolism Caused by Feeding Diethyl 1, 4-dihydro-2, 4, 6-trimethylpyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate

SummaryOral administration of collidine derivative (Diethyl 1, 4-dihydro-2, 4, 6-tri-methylpyridine-3, 5-dicarboxylate) to mice produces a disturbance in porphyrin metabolism characterized by marked increases in hepatic proto- and coproporphyrin. Red fluorescence of kidneys of animals treated with this agent for 7 days is associated with great increase in renal protoporphyrin and smaller increase in renal uroporphyrin. In the guinea pig, oral administration of collidine derivative produced high levels of urinary copropor-phyrin and trace amounts of urinary porphobilinogen.