cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
General Circulation Model Simulation of the Semiannual Oscillation of the Tropical Middle Atmosphere

Abstract A study has been made of the evolution of the zonal-mean zonal wind and temperature in a multiyear integration of the 40-level, 3° × 3.6° resolution “SKYHI” general circulation model (GCM) that has been developed at GFDL. In the tropical upper stratosphere the mean wind variation is dominated by a strong semiannual oscillation (SAO). The peak SAO amplitude in the model is almost 25 m s−1 and occurs near the 1 mb level. The phase of the SAO near the stratopause is such that maximum westerlies occur shortly after the equinoxes. These features are in good agreement with the available observations. In addition the meridional width of the stratopause SAO in the GCM compares well with observations. A diagnostic analysis of the zonal-mean momentum balance near the tropical stratopause was performed using the detailed fields archived during the GCM integration. It appears that the easterly accelerations in the model SAO are provided by a combination of (i) divergence of the meridional component of the El...
The Effect of First-Line Supervision on Patrol Officer Job Satisfaction:

This study examines the extent to which attitudinal dimensions associated with supervisor and officer styles explain subordinate officers’ satisfaction levels. Two frameworks, the average leadershi...
Adhesion of amorphous calcium phosphate composites bonded to dentin: a study in failure modality.

Aims: As a bioactive filler capable of remineralizing tooth structures, the main disadvantage of as-made amorphous calcium phosphate (am-ACP) are its large agglomerates. The objective of this study was to mill ACP, and compare the adhesive strength with dentin, work to fracture, and failure modes of both groups to glass-filled composites and one commercial compomer after 24 h, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months of exposure to simulated saliva solution (SLS). Flat dentin surfaces were acid-etched, primed, and photopolymerized. Composites were applied, photo-cured, and debonded in shear. The resin used in each composite was identical: ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and methacryloxyethyl phthalate. Fillers consisted of am-ACP and milled ACP (m-ACP), and a strontium-containing glass (Sr-glass) at respective mass fractions of (40, 60, and 75%). Findings: Ninety percent of the fracture surfaces in this study showed adhesive failure, with most of these occurring at the dentin/primer interface. Fifty-two percent of failures after 24-h immersion occurred at the primer/composite interface. After 6 months of SLS exposure, 80% of specimens failed at the dentin/primer interface, with a 42% overall reduction in bond strength. Conclusions: Milled ACP composites showed initial mechanical advantages over am-ACP composites and the compomer, and produced a higher incidence of a failure mode consistent with stronger adhesion. Evidence is provided which suggests that milled ACP composites may offer enhanced potential in clinical bonding applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Two-Path, Double Knife Edge Schlieren Imaging

The traditional arrangement for visualizing optical phenomena with the Schlieren technique is modified to include a Mach-Zender geometry. This allows for the implementation of two independent knife edges along the two paths, resulting in an enhanced combined image that is uniquely adjustable.
Effects of Seating Location and Stereoscopic Display on Learning Outcomes in an Introductory Physical Geography Class

ABSTRACT Recently, the use of stereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) projection displays has increased in geoscience education. One concern in employing 3-D projection systems in large lecture halls, however, is that the 3-D effect is reported to diminish with increased angle and distance from the stereoscopic display. The goal of this work was to study that effect in a classroom “real-world” lecture environment where such technology would actually be employed. Introductory physical geography concepts were taught to undergraduate students at the University of Kansas through a GeoWall (passive 3-D projection system) display with either static diagrams or interactive globe imagery (Google Earth). Student learning was gauged using both formative (in-class clicker questions) and summative (exam) assessments. We evaluated the spatial structure of students' formative and summative scores for two concepts: Earth–Sun geometries, taught with static images only, and arid landscapes and aeolian processes, taught with ...
Dimpled coupler for fiber-optic bundles

The initial results of a continuing research effort in fiber optic technology are reported. A fiber bundle coupler has been fabricated and preliminary results obtained.
Inhibition of brain epinephrine synthesis by 3,4-dichlorophenylethanolamine, a competitive substrate for norepinephrine N-methyltransferase

Abstract 3,4-Dichlorophenylethanolamine (DCPE) is a substrate for norepinephrine N -methyltransferase (NMT) from rat brain stem or from rabbit adrenal glands and competitively inhibits the methylation of (−)norepinephrine by NMT in vitro . The K i value for inhibition of rat brain NMT by DCPE was 6 × 10 −5 M. When DCPE was injected i.p. into rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg, epinephrine concentration in hypothalamus was reduced, although NMT activity measured in hypothalamic homogenates in vitro was not inhibited. The findings contrast in several ways to those with 8,9-dichloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H -2-benzazepine (LY134046), a competitive inhibitor of rat brain NMT with an in vitro K i of 2.4 × 10 −8 M. Although the potency of DCPE was 1/2500th that of LY134046 in vityro , it lowered hypothalamic epinephrine concentrations at similar doses in vivo . The NMT activity measured in vivo in homogenates of hypothalamic tissue from LY134046-treated rats was reduced by a greater percentage than was epinephrine concentration. The reduction of epinephrine concentration in vivo by DCPE may relate to its ability to be a substrate for NMT, which would result in conversion of S -adenosylmethionine (SAMe) to S -adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in NMT-containing neurons. The resulting increase in the SAH/SAMe ratio may inhibit norepinephrine N -methylation, since SAH is a competitive inhibitor of NMT when SAMe is the variable substrate. This mechanism is similar to that suggested for the decrease in epinephrine concentration in rat brain following l -dopa injection. l -Dopa injection increases SAH and decreases SAMe concentration measured in hypothalamus, due presumably to extensive O -methylation of dopa and its decarboxylated metabolites. In contrast, SAH and SAMe concentrations in hypothalamus were not measurably altered after DCPE injection, a not-unexpected finding since SAH/SAMe changes would occur only in NMT-containing neurons, which make up a negligibly small percentage by weight of hypothalamic tissue. DCPE and other NMT substrates may be able to inhibit epinephrine synthesis in vivo as effectively as non-substrate, competitive inhibitors having much higher affinity for NMT because their N -methylation elevates SAH/SAMe ratios specifically within NMT-containing neurons.
Measurement of Nitrogen and Nitrogen Isotopic Ratios Using Reduction Pyrolysis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

Abstract An analytical system for measuring total nitrogen and its isotopic abundance in a variety of environmental samples has been developed. A reductive pyrolysis system and a directional focusing 6-inch gas mass spectrometer were combined into the analytical system. In the reductive part of the system, nitrogen species are converted to ammonia with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of a heated nickel catalyst. Five percent of the gas stream is split away for measuring total nitrogen by a conductivity detector. The ammonia is removed from the gas stream employing a cold finger reaction vessel. The hydrogen-free ammonia is decomposed thermally to nitrogen and hydrogen at 1000°C, employing a hot rhenium filament. The N2 produced from the decomposition is used for measuring the abundance of masses 28 and 29 by mass spectrometry. From this ratio, the 15N atom fraction is calculated. Standard samples of N2, ammonia, orchard leaves and urea have been successfully analyzed to determine isotopic compos...
An energetic-particle-mediated termination shock observed by Voyager 2

[1] Voyager 2 crossed the solar wind termination shock several times during August 30 – September 1 of 2007. During the last forty days before the crossing intensities of energetic ions measured by the LECP instrument were increasing exponentially, and their spectrum showed clear evidence of unfolding at low energies. Plasma data featured a broad velocity precursor, where solar wind speed decreased from about 380 km/s far upstream to ∼300 km/s at the shock. By using plasma and energetic particle conservation laws we demonstrate that the speed decrease during Voyager 2's last ∼40 days in the solar wind could be plausibly produced by the back-pressure of energetic ions with energies of a few MeV on the upstream plasma flow. These particles propagate diffusively upstream from the termination shock, producing a shock precursor that has a characteristic lengthscale of 0.35 AU, assuming the shock has not moved substantially during that time.
Can Developmental Changes in Inhibition and Peer Relationships Explain Why Depressive Symptoms Increase in Early Adolescence

Why do depressive symptoms increase during adolescence? Because inhibition and poor peer relationships predict adolescents’ depressive symptoms concurrently, we hypothesized that adolescents who cope with the stresses of this period by becoming increasingly inhibited may experience increasing depressive symptoms both directly and due to increased difficulty with peers. Longitudinal data from 904 participants, (52% female; 87% Caucasian, 5% Hispanic, 4% African-American, 4.6% other) from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care were examined when youth were in sixth and ninth grades. Path analyses revealed a direct effect of inhibition: Youth who became more inhibited reported increasing depressive symptoms. Indirect effects showed that they also experienced declines in friendship quality and popularity, which in turn led to increases in depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that increasing inhibition as an adaptation to the stresses of adolescence, and particularly its impact on popularity, is a risk factor for increases in depressive symptoms.
Universal restriction endonucleases: designing novel cleavage specificities by combining adapter oligodeoxynucleotide and enzyme moieties

Abstract Class US restriction endonucleases cleave double-stranded (ds) DNA at precise distances from their recognition sequences. A method is proposed which utilizes this separation between the recognition site and the cut site to allow a class US enzyme e.g., FokI, to cleave practically any predetermined sequence by combining the enzyme with a properly designed oligodeoxynucleotide adapter. Such an adapter is constructed from the constant recognition site domain (a hairpin containing the ds sequence e.g., for FokI and a variable, single-stranded (ss) domain complementary to the ss sequence to be cleaved (at 9 and 13 nucleotides on the paired strands from the recognition sequence in the example of FokI). The ss sequence designated to be cleaved could be provided by ss phage DNA (e.g., M13), gapped ds plasmids, or supercoiled ds plasmids that were alkali denatured and rapidly neutralized. Combination of all three components, namely the class IIS enzyme, the ss DNA target sequence, and the complementing adapter, would result in target DNA cleavage at the specific predetermined site. The target ss DNA could be converted to the precisely cleaved ds DNA by DNA polymerase, utilizing the adapter oligodeoxynucleotide as primer. This novel procedure represents the first example of changing enzyme specificity by synthetic design. A practically unlimited assortment of new restriction specificities could be produced. The method should have many specific and general applications when its numerous ramifications are exploited.
Viewing Nations, Narrating Hybridity: Okinawan Diasporic Subjectivity and Japanese Satellite Telecasts in Colonia Okinawa, Bolivia

In the summer of 1998, in order to conduct field research, I visited Colonia Okinawa, an agricultural settlement of Okinawan immigrants established in 1954 in the Santa Cruz region of Bolivia.1 I t...
CODES+ISSS keynote: To alert, rescue and recover: Critical information technologies for managing mega disasters

This talk will discuss why despite recent advances, state-of-the-art disaster management IT infrastructures and information systems are not as effective as they should be for managing mega calamitous events of unforeseen sizes and severity. It will then discuss critical gaps in information technology. Examples include methodologies, tools and middleware for: - Exploitation of complementary network technologies to prevent communication failures during disasters; - Flexible and responsive management of logical connectivity and information flow among information sources, fusion modules, applications and end-users, providing them with support for pub/sub messaging, syndication and feed services, dynamic event-triggered messaging and so on; - Trustworthy information brokerage services for safe and responsive emergency access and flow control of information from independently developed information sources owned by government agencies, businesses, institutions, NGOs, communities, private property owners and individuals; - Common models and views, open standard interfaces and API functions to enable independent development of disaster management applications and services; - Advanced disaster management applications and services.
257 CEREBRAL METABOLISM IN THE PUP OF A CANINE DIABETIC MOTHER (IDM)

Term pups from 6 insulin diabetic dogs were compared to controls from 6 litters after 0,3,6,9 and 24 hrs of neonatal fasting. Fetal cerebral glucose (CG) levels were elevated in IDMs (N=8) (5.45±0.98 vs 1.87±0.28 μ mol/g)+ but equalized by 3 hrs as IDM levels declined and controls increased. Cerebral glycogen(Gly) was increased in fetal IDMs (3.45±0.61 vs 1.66±0.16). Gly was equivalent to controls at 3,6 and 9 hrs and was lower than controls at 24 hrs (1.54±0.21 vs 2.46±0.24). Cerebral glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate and lactate (L) were similar during the day except L was elevated in IDMs at 24 hrs. Cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratios were unaffected, as were citrate, α-ketoglutarate and malate. IDM calculated oxaloacetate levels were elevated at 0,3 and 9 hrs. ATP, ADP, AMP and phosphocreatine levels were equivalent at all times. Cerebral glutamate and aspartate were higher among IDMs throughout the study while alanine was elevated only after birth. Glutamine was higher in the IDMs at 6 and 24 hrs. Cerebral ammonia levels were not affected. Though gamma aminobutyrate was elevated in fetal IDMs (1.26±0.14 vs 0.915±0.15) this did not persist. These data suggest that maternal canine diabetes 1) ↑fetal cerebral Gly stores, and 2) ↑fetal and neonatal cerebral amino acid pools. As CG is an important precursor of cerebral amino acids, ↑fetal CG provision may result in augmented cerebral amino acid pools. Alternately, ample G supply may spare cerebral amino acid utilization. Nonetheless, fetal cerebral substrate stores are enhanced. *Deceased +Mean±SE
NEUROIMAGING IN PSYCHIATRY: EVALUATING THE ETHICAL CONSEQUENCES FOR PATIENT CARE

According to many researchers, it is inevitable and obvious that psychiatric illnesses are biological in nature, and that this is the rationale behind the numerous neuroimaging studies of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders. Scholars looking at the history of psychiatry have pointed out that in the past, the origins and motivations behind the search for biological causes, correlates, and cures for mental disorders are thoroughly social and historically rooted, particularly when the diagnostic category in question is the subject of controversy within psychiatry. This is obscured by neuroimaging studies that drive researchers to proclaim 'revolutions' in psychiatry, namely in the DSM. Providing neuroimaging evidence to support the contention that a condition is 'real' is likely to be extremely influential, as has been extensively discussed in the neuroethics literature. This type of evidence will also reinforce the pre-existing beliefs of those researchers or clinicians who are already expecting a biological description. The uncritical credence given to neuroimaging research is an ethical issue, not in its potential for contributing to misdiagnosis per se but because of the motivations that often drive this research. My claim is that this research should proceed with an awareness of presumptions and motivations underlying the field as a whole, in addition to an explicit focus on the past and potential future consequences of classification and diagnosis on the groups of individuals under study.
Comparative in vitro analysis of topical hemostatic agents

Hemostatic agents are broadly utilized across the surgical specialties. While specific characteristics desirable for individual applications may vary, these agents generally are expected to aid the patient's coagulation system in the rapid development of an occlusive clot. Six commonly utilized hemostatic agents were quantitatively compared in terms of their ability to mediate platelet aggregation, deposition and activation, and initiate gross clot formation in a series of in vitro tests. Three types of collagen sponges (Actifoam, Helistat, Instat), microfibrillar collagen (Avitene), a gelatin sponge (Gelfoam), and oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) were studied. Platelet aggregation: Citrated platelet rich plasma (PRP) was contacted with hemostatic agents both with and without thrombin in a stirred cuvette and the platelet count was measured over 5 min. Platelet deposition: To approximate arterial wounds, PRP was perfused in a controlled manner through hemostatic agents, and the effluent platelet count was measured over time. Platelet activation: ATP secretion from PRP contacted with hemostatic agents in a stirred cuvette was measured at 1 and 5 min. Clot formation: The clotting time of nonanticoagulated whole blood contacted with the hemostatic agents was measured. Materials which depleted platelets most rapidly and effectively in the perfusion system (Avitene, Helistat, and Actifoam) were also the most effective inducers of platelet aggregation and secretion. Clot formation (likely to be platelet dependent) was also more rapid in this group. An overall activity ranking combined the relative performance of each hemostatic agent on the various tests: Actifoam approximately Avitene > Helistat >> Gelfoam > Instat > Surgicel. The activity ranking generally reflects the materials used in these agents (collagen > gelatin > oxidized regenerated cellulose), as well as their processing (chemical crosslinking in collagen sponges may lower activity). Such in vitro assessment of the relative platelet and coagulation activities of hemostatic agents might serve as a useful screening tool before investigating properties which require more expensive animal or clinical testing.
Modelling the fast fluorescence rise of photosynthesis

We construct an ODE model for the fast fluorescence rise of photosynthesis by combining the current reaction scheme of the PS II two-electron-gate with a quasi steady-state description of the fast processes of excitation energy transfer and primary charge separation. The model is fitted to measured induction curves with a multiple shooting algorithm, and remarkably good approximations of the data are obtained. Model refinements are discussed focusing on PS II heterogeneity, and on PS I.
Bose Statistics Triangle Rule Model for Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Redistribution

By treating the harmonic basis quanta of a vibrationally excited molecule as a Bose gas, we derive a statistical vibrational triangle rule local random matrix model (BSTR) for the molecular Hamiltonian, which includes the minimal features required for a description of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). This model incorporates spectroscopic parameters such as vibrational frequencies, as well as low and high order anharmonic couplings. It is detailed enough to roughly represent specific molecules, and sufficiently general to yield generic IVR behavior on the energy shell. The matrix fluctuation−dissipation theorem is used as a computational tool to study the IVR spectra of large molecular systems represented by the BSTR. All classes of behavior from isolated resonances to quantum ergodicity are observed. The dependence of various molecular properties (IVR rate, dilution factor σ, fraction of occupied phase space F, line spacings, and other statistics) on the available energy, anharmonic...
Pumping Device Used to Collect Smallmouth Bass Fry

(1969). Pumping Device Used to Collect Smallmouth Bass Fry. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 240-240.
Diagnostic applications of DNA probes.

This review has described several of the most common molecular biologic techniques that are, or will be, employed in the diagnostic laboratory. The potential advantages of these DNA probe assays in the diagnosis of infectious diseases include: rapid detection and identification of infectious agents; the ability to screen selected specimens using batteries of probes; and the detection of nonviable or difficult-to-culture organisms. The potential disadvantages of DNA probe assays include: the use of isotopic detection methods for optimum sensitivity; limited diagnostic sensitivity of current assays; slow turna-round time for some assay formats; expense of current reagents; limited availability of many probes; lack of technical expertise in most diagnostic laboratories; and the requirement for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (requires culture). Given the above advantages and disadvantages, there are several key issues that must be considered before adopting DNA probe technology in the diagnostic laboratory; the cost of performing routine culture and identification versus the cost of screening with probes--both the number and type of specimens and the time savings that may be realized by eliminating routine cultures; the prevalence of the infectious agent--even the best DNA probe assay may not be useful or practical in a low-prevalence situation; the need for additional equipment and space; and the interpretation of false-positive and false-negative results--additional research is needed in this area. However, laboratories must consider these issues when using a test other than the current gold standard (i.e., culture). DNA probe technology is with us and expanding rapidly. The intelligent application of this new technology will require communication between laboratorians and clinicians and careful consideration of the many advantages and disadvantages discussed above.
Sex Differences in Effectiveness of Extended-Release Stimulant Medication among Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study examined whether adolescent females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are differentially responsive than their male counterparts to extended-release stimulant medications. This investigation may bear special importance for an adolescent (as opposed to child) population, because hormonal and metabolism differences between sexes are most likely to emerge at this time. Male (n = 19) and female (n = 16) adolescents, ages 16-19 with ADHD, participated in a randomized, double-blind crossover study evaluating the effectiveness of osmotic-release methylphenidate, extended release amphetamine salts, placebo, and routine limited medication regimen. Medication efficacy was evaluated using ADHD symptom ratings from adolescent self-report and parent report, along with objective measures of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity during driving performance and neuropsychological tasks. Males and females were largely equivalent in impairment, and medication was similarly effective in reducing symptoms. No interactions were found between sex and medication on any measure of effectiveness or side effects. This finding suggests that the efficacy and tolerability of extended-release stimulant medications is equivalent for male and female adolescents with ADHD.
Application of electronic structure methods to coupled Drude oscillators

Abstract The configuration interaction, perturbation theory, coupled cluster doubles, and random phase approximation methods are applied to a system of two quantum Drude oscillators interacting through dipole–dipole coupling. It is found that the random phase approximation gives the exact excitation energies and exact interaction energy of this system even when allowing only excitations into the first excited levels of the oscillators. In contrast, to obtain the exact results from configuration interaction or coupled cluster treatments of the model requires inclusion of excitations into all accessible excited configurations.
Biliary glycoprotein is overexpressed in human colon cancer cells with high metastatic potential.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been recently implicated in the process of human colon cancer liver metastasis by means of an adhesion mechanism. Based on the strong sequence and structural homology of biliary glycoprotein (BGP) to CEA, we hypothesized that BGP might be overexpressed at the RNA and protein level in tumor cells with high metastatic potential. We have found the BGP messenger RNA derived from highly metastatic colon cancer cells is constitutively overexpressed—nearly fourfold greater than poorly metastatic cells—and that BGP expression is induced by interferon-gamma. Similarly, we have demonstrated that BGP protein levels were constitutively elevated in highly metastatic human colon cancer cells when compared to poorly metastatic cells. Collectively these results suggest that the basal and interferon-stimulated expression of BGP transcripts may be regulated in a manner similar to CEA and that a potential role in the process of metastasis may be inferred.
Detection of polyethylene glycol-based laxatives in stool

The ability to test stool for laxatives is an important part of patient care in some clinical circumstances. Some patients take or are given laxatives surreptitiously. Additionally, failure to take prescribed laxatives may result in treatment failure in children with constipation or encopresis. Although laboratory methods have been available to identify many laxatives in the stool, tests are not available for detecting polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based laxatives. PEG-based laxatives are frequently used in the treatment of children with constipation. We developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis for detecting PEG in stool and verified the technique in an adult volunteer. We then piloted the assay on stools from children taking PEG for constipation versus children with diarrhea who were not taking PEG. Eleven subjects with diarrhea and 8 receiving PEG were enrolled. Nine of the children with diarrhea and 7 receiving PEG were evaluated by MS. All 3 subjects with PEG who had a stool osmolal gap determined had elevated gaps. Stools of all 7 subjects with PEG were positive for PEG by MS, whereas none of the 9 subjects with diarrhea had stool positive for PEG. This new MS methodology to test stool for PEG is described. It is likely to prove useful in the documentation of surreptitious PEG administration and in evaluation of PEG treatment failure.
Abstract 145: Fibulin-5 as a regulator of integrin-induced ROS production and potential target for pancreatic cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in pathological and normal molecular pathways. Redox homeostasis is maintained by a balance between the ROS production and ROS scavenging capacity of the cell. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as fibronectin have been shown to induce ROS upon binding to cell surface integrins, such as α5β1 integrin. Solid tumors rich in ECM such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) display with higher levels of ROS compared to normal tissue. An attractive strategy to improve therapeutic response in PDAC is to further increase the level of ROS, thereby producing irreversible stress to tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, increased ROS production has been shown to enhance the efficacy of some chemotherapeutics and might also improve the potency of anti-angiogenic therapy. We propose a novel function of the matricellular protein Fibulin-5 (Fbln5) is to regulate ROS levels during angiogenesis. Fbln5 is expressed highly in human PDAC tissue and in murine models of pancreatic cancer. We have seen that the genetic ablation of of Fbln5 results in decreased tumor growth in implant and genetic models of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, this decrease in tumor growth is accompanied by a decrease in microvessel density. Our lab has discovered that Fbln5 reduces integrin-mediated ROS generation by competing with fibronectin for binding to α5β1 integrin. Fbln5 binds to α5β1 integrin via an RGD motif, mutation of which to RGE abolishes the Fbln5 - integrin interaction. Knock-in Fbln5RGE/RGE mice have been produced and crossed into the background of KIC mice (p48Cre/+; LSL- KrasG12D; Ink4a/Arflox/lox). By utilizing this in vivo model we will be able to elucidate the mechanism by which Fbln5 regulates tumor angiogenesis and specifically integrin-induced ROS production. In the present study, our goal is to investigate the molecular mechanism leading to increased ROS production in tumors in Fbln5RGE/RGE animals. These targeted experiments will advance our understanding of the biology of Fbln5 in pancreatic cancer and ultimately contribute to its development as a potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: Mary Topalovski, Miao Wang, Rolf A. Brekken. Fibulin-5 as a regulator of integrin-induced ROS production and potential target for pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 145. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-145
Optimal utilization of available reconfigurable hardware resources

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are continuously gaining momentum and becoming essential part of today's digital systems and applications. The growing use of these devices coupled with increasingly more complex and integrated designs necessitates search for techniques in efficient utilization of their internal resources. Standard HDL coding techniques and synthesis tools implement logic to look up table (LUT) based architecture. The resulting design utilizes more area on the chip and some fast and dedicated areas and resources of the chip remain unutilized. This in turn results in slower clock rates and larger critical path lengths, hence the design remains inefficient in terms of both speed and area. In this paper we present and discuss techniques to effectively utilize the FPGA dedicated resources in order to speed up achievable clock rates and reduce the FPGA area utilization. Various useful HDL constructs are presented that utilize dedicated hardware resources of modern Xilinx FPGAs. Optimization techniques are presented with implementation examples and corresponding quantitative performance evaluation. In most of the cases we have achieved 50% reduction in chip area utilization and simultaneously improved timing results significantly.
Fatherhood Roles and Drug Use among Young American Indian Men

Background: High rates of substance abuse among young American Indian (AI) fathers pose multigenerational challenges for AI families and communities. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe substance use patterns among young AI fathers and examine the intersection of substance use with men’s fatherhood roles and responsibilities. Methods: As part of a home-visiting intervention trial for AI teen mothers and their children, in 2010 we conducted a descriptive study of fatherhood and substance use on three southwestern reservations. Substance use and parenting data were collected from n = 87 male partners of adolescent mothers using audio computer-assisted self-interviews. Results: Male partners were on average 22.9 years old, primarily living with their children (93%), unmarried (87%), and unemployed (70%). Lifetime substance use was high: 80% reported alcohol; 78% marijuana; 34% methamphetamines; 31% crack/cocaine; and 16% reported drinking binge in the past 6 months. Substance use was assoc...
Readout techniques for photon-counting microchannel image systems

During the past ten years, the microchannel plate has become widely adopted as the preferred photon counting detector for low light level image systems at X-ray, extreme ultra-violet, and far ultraviolet wavelengths, especially in space astronomy applications. Various readout methods have been developed by workers in these areas, including phosphor/video, phosphor and binary-mask encoder, direct discrete position encoder, direct analog amplitude position-encoder systems, and delay line encoders. Salient advantages and limitations of these techniques are discussed in the context of low light level applications in space astronomy.
Changes in Land Use/Management and Water Quality in the Long Creek Watershed

: Surface water in the Long Creek watershed, located in western Piedmont region of North Carolina, was monitored from 1993 to 2001. The 8,190 ha watershed has undergone considerable land use and management changes during this period. Land use surveys have documented a 60 percent decrease in cropland area and a more than 200 percent increase in areas being developed into new homes. In addition, more than 200 conservation practices have been applied to the cropland and other agricultural land that remains in production. The water quality of Long Creek was monitored by collecting grab samples at four sites along Long Creek and continuously monitoring discharge at one site. The monitoring has documented a 70 percent reduction in median total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, with little reductions in nitrate and total Kjel-dahl nitrogen, or suspended sediment levels. Fecal coliform (FC) and streptococci (FS) levels declined significantly downstream as compared to upstream during the last four years of monitoring. This decrease was attributed to the implementation of waste management practices and livestock exclusion fencing on three dairy operations in the watershed. Annual rainfall and discharge increased steadily until peaking in the third year of the monitoring period and varied while generally decreasing during the last four years of the project. An array of observation, pollutant concentration, and hydrologic data provide considerable evidence to suggest that the implementation of BMPs in the watershed have significantly reduced phosphorus and bacteria levels in Long Creek.
Lymphodepletion followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) causes significantly more acute graft-versus-host disease than DLI alone

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) can produce lasting remissions in patients with relapsed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but are less effective in non-CML diseases. We hypothesized that lymphodepletion, achieved with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and fludarabine (Flu), would promote in vivo expansion of the infused lymphocytes enhancing their immunologic effects. Fifteen patients with relapsed non-CML disease who received Cy/Flu/DLI were compared with 63 controls who received DLI without chemotherapy. Only the patients receiving Cy/Flu/DLI became lymphopenic at the time of DLI. Compared with controls, patients who received Cy/Flu/DLI developed significantly more grades II to IV (60% vs 24%, P = .01) and grades III to IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (47% vs 14%, P = .01) with greater GVHD lethality. In Cy/Flu/DLI patients, T-cell proliferation was elevated at 14 days after DLI. Although these data suggest that chemotherapy-induced lymphodepletion enhances activation of donor lymphocytes, the toxicity needs to be managed before testing whether better disease control can be achieved. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as no. NCT00303693 and www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials as no. NCT00167180.
Resource quality and trophic responses to simulated throughfall: Effects on decomposition and nutrient flux in a no-tillage agroecosystem

Abstract Effects of simulated throughfall additions on microbial and microfaunal abundances, decomposition and N, P, Ca, Mg and K flux from winter rye ( Secale cereale L.) and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.) residues in a no-tillage agroecosystem were quantified during the summer of 1986. Clover residues, with higher initial nutrient concentrations and lower C-to-element ratios, had a greater rate of decomposition, greater net mineralization and higher mean concentrations of all five elements than rye. Overall mean densities of both fungi and bacteria were also greater on clover and these in turn supported greater overall mean densities of fungivore microarthropods and bacterivore nematodes. Throughfall additions to low resource quality rye residues enhanced microbial immobilization of N, P and Ca in the absence of high grazer abundances. Microfloral densities and nutrient retention were diminished under higher grazer-fauna densities. No consistent throughfall effects were observed for the higher resource quality crimson clover residues. Significantly lower net N mineralization from rye (0.95 mgg −1 of initial litter) vs clover (12.69 mgg −1 of initial litter) and enhanced N retention in throughfall-treated rye suggest the limiting nature of this element. The additional amounts of N and P retained in throughfall-treated rye residues over controls were greater than could be accounted for by throughfall inputs and suggest that low level nutrient additions may stimulate immobilization of elements from other sources.
Energy-efficient scheduling of multiple manufacturing factories under real-time electricity pricing

Abstract Manufacturing scheduling for reduced energy costs is attracting increased interest. Energy-efficient scheduling of a manufacturing factory subject to real-time electricity pricing, such as is the case with a smart grid, represents an important but challenging situation. In this paper, multiple manufacturing factories served by one utility are investigated. The total electricity cost as a function of manufacturing schedule is minimized using a distributed optimization approach, where each facility seeks to minimize its electricity cost and exchange information with the grid. Results suggest that electricity cost of the system can be reduced, and also individual electricity costs are lowered.
Multiple "doughnut" granulomas in Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever).

![Figure][1] A 54-year-old man with a history of multiple myeloma presented with intermittent fevers, chills, fatigue, and weight loss for 1 month. A complete blood count showed leukopenia (white blood count: 1.4 × 109/L), mild anemia (hemoglobin: 12.4 g/dL), and thrombocytopenia (platelets
Bias correction and forward-backward averaging in frequency/DOA tracking problems

In this paper, we discuss some issues relevant to frequency and direction of arrival (DOA) tracking problems. First, we develop a linear Frequency Modulated (FM) signal model for accurately describing windowed, slowly time varying narrowband signals that typically occur in tracking problems. We then derive first order bias expressions for the peak locations of a Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) spectrum of a windowed, slowly time varying linear FM signal. We also show that Forward-Backward (FB) averaging is generally inappropriate for nonstationary data, but that it is appropriate when applied to tracking the frequencies of windowed, slowly time varying narrowband signals. A major motivation for using FB averaging is to increase the efficiency of subspace based frequency/DOA estimation in tracking problems. Finally, simulations confirm our first order bias expressions, and show that FB averaging does not significantly alter (or degrade) the time varying MUSIC based frequency estimation performance over that of Forward only averaging.
When Drivers and Terrapins Collide: Assessing Stakeholder Attitudes Toward Wildlife Management on the Jekyll Island Causeway

Roads are a pervasive fixture on most landscapes and frequently impact wildlife. Management of road effects on wildlife should consider the attitudes and areas of contention among various stakeholders using the road. To inform future management of road impacts on the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin), a species of conservation concern, we surveyed stakeholder groups on Jekyll Island, Georgia, USA to measure overall attitudes and value orientations relating to terrapin management and to evaluate the acceptability and potential for conflict among user groups regarding specific management alternatives. A majority of respondents supported the protection of terrapins, although support varied by group membership and value orientation. Specific actions that did not impact speed limits or road aesthetics were most acceptable, but substantial conflict existed for most strategies. We intend to use these results to improve communication and buy-in of stakeholders as we develop management alternatives for th...
Effect of the multi-staged clutch damper characteristics on the transmission gear rattle under two engine conditions:

The scope of this article is limited to the torsional driveline system of a front-engine front-wheel type of vehicle. A reduced-order model of a manual transmission (with the third gear engaged and the fifth gear unloaded) is developed on the basis of the modal characteristics. A simplified nonlinear mathematical model is then proposed with the focus on the multi-staged clutch damper properties such as the asymmetric transition angles and the pre-loads. The drag torque is estimated under two engine conditions (wide-open throttle and coast) by assuming that the vehicle is in the steady-state condition. Finally, the gear rattle criteria are investigated, and illustrative examples for three real-life clutch dampers are described. In particular, methods for solving the real-life gear rattle phenomenon are suggested.
Experimental study of a fuel cell power train for road transport application

Abstract The development of fuel cell electric vehicles requires the on-board integration of fuel cell systems and electric energy storage devices, with an appropriate energy management system. The optimization of performance and efficiency needs an experimental analysis of the power train, which has to be effected in both stationary and transient conditions (including standard driving cycles). In this paper experimental results concerning the performance of a fuel cell power train are reported and discussed. In particular characterization results for a small sized fuel cell system (FCS), based on a 2.5 kW PEM stack, alone and coupled to an electric propulsion chain of 3.7 kW are presented and discussed. The control unit of the FCS allowed the main stack operative parameters (stoichiometric ratio, hydrogen and air pressure, temperature) to be varied and regulated in order to obtain optimized polarization and efficiency curves. Experimental runs effected on the power train during standard driving cycles have allowed the performance and efficiency of the individual components (fuel cell stack and auxiliaries, dc–dc converter, traction batteries, electric engine) to be evaluated, evidencing the role of output current and voltage of the dc–dc converter in directing the energy flows within the propulsion system.
Computer speech for people with cerebral palsy

Using a grant from the Apple Educational Foundation, a speech system was constructed using an Apple micro-computer, a Corvus hard disk drive, and the Mountain Hardware Supertalker. Since digitized rather than synthesized speech is employed, speech quality is extremely high. Use of an 8M byte hard disk drive permitted the system to contain approximately 5000 words. In normal operation, user types in the first two letters of a desired word. A list of words beginning with those two letters than appears on a TV monitor. To select a word, user enters the number which is beside each word. At the end of a sentence, user types a period and the computer speaks the n words in the sentence in approximately 2n seconds. For individuals unable to operate a keyboard, two alternative means of input exist. The paper describes the nature of the words in the system, the computer program, and certain characteristics of the hardware.
Southern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation Response to Global Warming

Abstract The response of the Southern Hemisphere (SH), extratropical, atmospheric general circulation to transient, anthropogenic, greenhouse warming is investigated in a coupled climate model. The extratropical circulation response consists of a SH summer half-year poleward shift of the westerly jet and a year-round positive wind anomaly in the stratosphere and the tropical upper troposphere. Along with the poleward shift of the jet, there is a poleward shift of several related fields, including the belt of eddy momentum-flux convergence and the mean meridional overturning in the atmosphere and in the ocean. The tropospheric wind response projects strongly onto the model’s “Southern Annular Mode” (also known as the “Antarctic oscillation”), which is the leading pattern of variability of the extratropical zonal winds.
Parental and late adolescent psychopathology: mothers may provide support when needed most

Research links negative parenting and parental psychopathology to poorer outcomes among youth. Less research examines these effects simultaneously during late adolescence. The current study examines parenting, parental psychopathology, and late adolescent psychopathology as reported by late adolescents (N = 328) with the use of structural equation modeling. Results of measurement models indicate that parental psychopathology and parenting are related to late adolescent psychopathology. However, results of structural models indicate that the effect of parenting on late adolescent psychopathology becomes non-significant in the paternal model and reverses in the maternal model. Interestingly, maternal parenting is associated with higher levels of late adolescent psychopathology, suggesting that mothers provide their late adolescents with more supportive parenting when it is needed most. Overall, results suggest the importance of examining parenting characteristics simultaneously in the context of gender and other variables.
An extreme null distribution approach to the problem of paired comparisons

David (1963) and Davidson & Farquhar(1976) contain extensive bibliographies of proposed approaches to problems involving paired comparisons. However, each of the discussed methods that is based on a hypothesis test, relies heavily on the assumption that all paired comparisons are made independently. In this paper we eliminate this assumption and develop a new procedure based on an adaptation of a statistic considered by Kendall & Babington Smith (1940). We show that their original test procedure substantially underestimates the true significance level if the comparisons are not made independently. Our modification utilizes the approach developed in Costello & Wolfe (1985) for the problem of agreement between two groups of judges and relies heavily on computer-generated tables.
Comment on Lance Wallace's Perspective1

The author uses Lance Wallace's Perspective ( A Decade of Studies of Human Exposure: What Have We Learned', Risk Analysis, Vol 13, No. 2, 1993, pp. 135-142) as a good case for much greater national attention to indoor air pollution. This article describes the reasons why so little attention has been devoted to indoor air pollution despite convincing evidence of the threats posed to the public by this aspect of pollution.