cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Want to Understand How Americans Viewed Long-Term Care in 1998? Start With Media Coverage

Purpose: This analysis describes media coverage of long-term care in 1998. Design and Methods: Several sources were used to place coverage of long-term care in 1998 in the context of recent years and other health issues. For the primary analysis, stories in which long-term care was a major topic were collected from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe. Media sources included major newspapers, network news, CNN, and NPR. Stories were coded for topic, details about the topic, physical placement within the overall coverage, and underlying issues. Results: A small percentage of media coverage in 1998 concerned long-term care. Among long-term care topics, nursing homes received the most coverage. A small percentage of long-term care topics were reported on the front page, and few underlying issues framed these topics. Implications: To ensure that Americans receive a comprehensive view of long-term care issues, gerontologists must work with reporters to influence how they report on long-term care.
SELF-CONCEPT PROFILES OF COMPETITIVE BODYBUILDERS

29 men and 23 women competitive bodybuilders were administered the Tennessee Self-concept Scale to assess whether their self-perceptions differed from those of nonbodybuilders. t tests confirmed significantly higher scores than the norms on personal, social, and satisfaction dimensions for men and for women on moral-ethical, personal, social, satisfaction, and behavior dimensions, in addition to total positive. Both men and women had significantly lower self-criticism scores, which suggests the probability that the other scores were artificially elevated by the respondents' deliberate effort to present a favorable picture of self. Also, when compared with men bodybuilders, women bodybuilders had significantly higher scores on moral-ethical, satisfaction, and total positive dimensions.
Are local Lyapunov exponents continuous in phase space

Local expansion rates of small displacements in phase space are calculated for two simple ergodic model systems, one with hard elastic collisions, the other with smooth forces. We find that the local expansion rates are singular functions of the phase space coordinates. The singularities are caused by bifurcations occuring in the histories belonging to the phase-space points. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Multiplier technology for terahertz applications

Frequency multipliers based on GaAs diodes remain the most viable option for creating cost efficient and reliable sources of terahertz power. The present status of the diode technology and recent advances in the development of broad band multipliers is reviewed. Additionally, the ongoing efforts to make this technology more cost efficient for a broader range of applications is presented.
A team approach to improving reliability, availability, maintainability and testability (RAM&T) requirements

The author presents a case study on the application of a 'teaming' approach to problem solving in resolving reliability, availability, maintainability, and testability (RAM&T) issues at the US Army Communications-Electronic Command (CECOM), Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. The evolutionary growth of the Reliability, Availability, Maintainability Enhancement of Communications-Electronic Systems (RAMECES) Task Force at CECOM suggests that interdisciplinary groups can work together and focus on a common task. RAMECES has proven to be an effective way to address complex RAM&T issues in a shrinking and demographically changing work environment. A RAMECES-type 'teaming' approach to addressing complex issues will enable the Army to increase productivity and meet the threat of a constantly changing global political environment. >
ABC transporter-facilitated ATP conductive transport

The concept that the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator, the protein product of the CF gene, can conduct larger multivalent anions such as ATP as well as Cl− is controversial....
A Survey of Radio-Frequency Noise in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas

The amount of information on environmental noise levels in the UHF and VHF frequency bands is not adequate for establishing related satellite-to-ground TV system requirements. A program is under way to survey the radio-frequency noise in a typical city. This paper describes the survey program and the measurement equipment to be used.
Digitally controlled integrated pseudo-CCM SIMO converter with adaptive freewheel current modulation

In this paper, a digitally controlled integrated single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) converter operating in pseudo-CCM (PCCM) mode is presented. With an adaptive freewheel current modulation (AFCM) technique, conduction loss of the freewheel switch is significantly reduced in unbalanced load conditions. Moreover, cross-regulation and switching noise are both effectively restricted. A prototype of a single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) boost converter was designed with a 130-nm CMOS process. The two outputs are regulated at 2.5 V and 1.8 V respectively, at a switching frequency of 500 KHz. The simulation results indicate that the expectant specifications are well implemented.
Electromagnetic flow sensors

Flow sensors based on the principle of electromagnetic induction were investigated as alternatives to commonly used mechanical devices utilizing rotors and propellers. Prototype sensors were constructed showing considerable promise. Measurement accuracy in excess of 1 cm see-l seems feasible with devices suited to long term battery operation. The inertial effects and many of the reliability problems inherent in moving part devices would be overcome by USC of an electromagnetic sensor. Ocean currents have been routinely mcasured by differences in potential caused by the clcctrically conductive seawater moving through the vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic field (von Arx 1950). Blood flow in animals is also determined by electromagnetic induction, the magnetic field being produced by a coil placed next to the blood vcsscl. The method is also used industrially for monitoring flow in pipes. But the use of a locally generated field has found only occasional application in oceanography (Olson 1972; Tucker 1972; Bowden and Fairbairn 1956). The continually disappointing performance of mechanical current meters has motivated us to take an independent look at the possibilities of electromagnetic flow sensors. Here WC describe first the theory involved in the design of such a sensor. Then we show what results one can get in an actual device. Finally we discuss potential uses, such as current meters, to which this kind of flow sensor can be applied.
First case of mesh infection due to Coccidioides spp. and literature review of fungal mesh infections after hernia repair

Fungal mesh infections are a rare complication of hernia repairs with mesh. The first case of Coccidioides spp. mesh infection is described, and a systematic literature review of all known fungal mesh infections was performed. Nine cases of fungal mesh infection are reviewed. Female and male patients are equally represented, median age is 49.5 years, and critical illness and preinfection antibiotic use were common. Fungal mesh infections are rare, but potentially fatal, complications of hernias repaired with mesh.
Clinical applications of genomics in head and neck cancer

Advances in gene expression analyses have allowed global assessment of expressed genes in clinical samples. Gene expression profiles derived from clinical specimens have been used to distinguish differences in tumors that are not obvious by clinical, radiographic, or histologic characteristics. Despite its common histology and presentation, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with widely varying clinical behavior and response to therapy. Currently, clinicians have a dearth of tools to predict response to therapy or to identify patients at high risk of poor outcome. Recently comprehensive analyses of gene expression patterns of individ- ual tumors have shown promise to improve discovery of bio- markers for 1) progression of premalignant lesions, 2) disease presence or absence, 3) prediction of clinical outcome, and 4) identification of targets for therapy. In this review, we will discuss advances, limitations and future directions of genomics as it ap- plies to HNSCC. V C 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head & Neck 28: 360-368, 2006
Laser doppler anemometry measurements of bubble rise velocity and departure frequency

Previous experimental investigations have employed photographic techniques to quantify the rise velocity and departure frequency of bubbles departing from a boiling surface, a method that requires a significant time investment to provide accurate time-averaged results. The current study focuses on applying laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) techniques to quantify these parameters. Initially, the LDA system is employed to measure the rise velocity and departure frequency of air bubbles in FC-72, R-113, and water. These air bubble tests verify the ability of the LDA measurement technique to quantify the bubble parameters. The LDA technique is then used to quantify the bubble parameters from a wire during isolated nucleate boiling conditions in saturated FC-72. Highly time-dependent departure frequencies (7 to 242 Hz) are measured in the isolated nucleate boiling regime. LDA signals representing departure frequencies in the fully developed nucleate boiling regime are discussed.
Power-Efficient Dimensionality Reduction for Distributed Channel-Aware Kalman Tracking Using WSNs

Estimation of nonstationary dynamical processes is of paramount importance in various applications including target tracking and navigation. The goal of this paper is to perform such tasks in a distributed fashion, using data collected at power-limited sensors which either communicate with a fusion center (FC) over noisy links, or, communicate with each other over nonideal channels in an ad hoc setting. In FC-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with a prescribed power budget, linear dimensionality reducing operators which account for the sensor-to-FC channel are derived per sensor to minimize the mean-square error (MSE) of Kalman filtered state estimates formed at the FC. Using these operators and state predictions fed back from the FC online, sensors reduce the dimensionality of their local innovation sequences and communicate them to the FC where tracking estimates are corrected. Analytical and numerical results advocate that the novel channel-aware distributed tracker outperforms competing alternatives. In ad hoc WSNs deployed to perform distributed tracking, one sensor broadcasts reduced-dimensionality data per time slot, according to a prespecified transmission order. The dimensionality reducing operators employed by the broadcasting sensor are selected to meet its transmit-power budget, while minimizing the state estimation MSE of the sensor with the lowest receiving SNR. Based on the received reduced-dimensionality data from the broadcasting sensor, every sensor in range performs the MSE optimal tracking. Corroborating distributed target tracking simulations based on distance-only observations illustrate that the novel scheme provides sensors with accurate estimates at affordable communication cost.
Severe neuromuscular denervation of clinically relevant muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motoneuron disease caused by a deficiency of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) protein, is characterized by motoneuron loss and muscle weakness. It remains unclear whether widespread loss of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is involved in SMA pathogenesis. We undertook a systematic examination of NMJ innervation patterns in >20 muscles in the SMNΔ7 SMA mouse model. We found that severe denervation (<50% fully innervated endplates) occurs selectively in many vulnerable axial muscles and several appendicular muscles at the disease end stage. Since these vulnerable muscles were located throughout the body and were comprised of varying muscle fiber types, it is unlikely that muscle location or fiber type determines susceptibility to denervation. Furthermore, we found a similar extent of neurofilament accumulation at NMJs in both vulnerable and resistant muscles before the onset of denervation, suggesting that neurofilament accumulation does not predict subsequent NMJ denervation. Since vulnerable muscles were initially innervated, but later denervated, loss of innervation in SMA may be attributed to defects in synapse maintenance. Finally, we found that denervation was amendable by trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, which increased innervation in clinically relevant muscles in TSA-treated SMNΔ7 mice. Our findings suggest that neuromuscular denervation in vulnerable muscles is a widespread pathology in SMA, and can serve as a preparation for elucidating the biological basis of synapse loss, and for evaluating therapeutic efficacy.
Designing the Digital City

The forms that cities take, the ways they function, and the mixes and distributions of activities within them have always been influenced very strongly by the capabilities of their underlying network infrastructures. Furthermore, cities have often been transformed by the introduction of new infrastructures. It is impossible to imagine Rotterdam without its canals and connection to the North Sea, Chicago without its railroads, Los Angeles without its freeways, or any large modern city without water supply, sewage, electrical, and telephone networks. Today, a new type of network infrastructure -- high speed digital telecommunications -- is being overlaid on cities everywhere. Its effects will be at least as revolutionary as those of the new network infrastructures of the past. It is already causing traditional building types and neighborhood patterns to fragment, recombine, and form startling new arrangements. This process will continue and accelerate. In this paper I describe the new digital infrastructure, analyze its major spatial effects, consider some illustrative examples of the resulting fragmentation and recombination, and discuss possible design responses with particular attention to social equity and long-term sustainability.
The Human Nature of Freedom and Identity - We Hold More than Random Thoughts

Kmiec demonstrates that natural law is an indispensable aid to proper constitutional interpretation. The article explores the founding conceptions of liberty and its interrelationship with human nature and addresses how the Constitution reflects these aspects of human nature. Kmiec evaluates writings of the founding fathers and their contemporaries and influences to show how the Constitution is designed to promote human nature's more noble aspects, such as morality, and temper some of its more base aspects, such as impulsiveness. The article concludes by offering some perspectives on aspects of human nature understated in the constitutional design and what ought to be done when there are disputing conceptions of human nature.
The synthesis of the Nb3(Al-Ge) system by sputtering

The variation of the superconducting transition temperatureTchas been studied in the Nb3Al1−xGex system for0≤x≤1 for samples produced by rf sputtering onto heated substrates. The effect that different sputtering gas pressures have upon the rate of energy loss of the sputtered atoms due to collisions with neutral sputtering gas atoms is considered. Also considered is how thermalization can be achieved in the fewest number of collisions by matching the mass of the sputtering gas atoms to that of the sputtered atoms. For the case of Nb3(Al-Ge) we show that it is advantageous to use a mixture of sputtering gases so that the light Al atoms can be thermalized as well as the heavier Nb and Ge atoms. It is also thus shown that the same sputtering conditions that are optimal for forming high-TcNb3Ge onto heated substrates are not optimal for forming high-TcNb3Al.
Structure-aware time-domain finite-element method for efficient simulation of VLSI circuits

A fast linear-complexity time-domain finite-element algorithm is developed to preserve the matrix structure, resulting from the layered permittivity and Manhattan geometry present in the VLSI circuits, in the direct solution of the system matrix. As a result, the matrix solution cost is made negligible for the brick-element based discretization with edge bases. Numerical experiments have validated its accuracy and efficiency.
Taxonomy of the Holocene Birds from the Xinjie Site,Lantian County,Shaanxi Province,China

In the last two to three years, researchers from the Archaeological Research Institute of Shaanxi Province made another rescue excavation in the Xinjie archeological site, Lantian County. The new excavation yielded 70 avian specimens from the ash pit, test trench as well as test pit from the Xinjie site of Holocene. Although dispersed and disarticulated, the quantity and exquisite preservation of these bird remains were rare among Holocene records from China. These birds are assigned into eight orders, eight families, eight genera and nine species, most of which belong to water birds. In addition, based on the bird remains and human marks preserved in the skeletons, we also provided new interpretations of the paleoecology of the Xinjie site and the associated ancient human behavior, providing supplementary information in addition to the previous traditional archaeology studies.
Review: Architecture and Hagiography in the Ottoman Empire: The Politics of Bektashi Shrines in the Classical Age by Zeynep Yürekli

Zeynep Yurekli Architecture and Hagiography in the Ottoman Empire: The Politics of Bektashi Shrines in the Classical Age Birmingham Byzantine and Ottoman Studies series, Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2012, 222 pp., 57 b/w illus. £70, ISBN 9781409411062 By examining the patronage and remodeling of two Anatolian shrine complexes, Zeynep Yurekli addresses the historical, religious, and ideological complexities that shaped the political and spiritual geography of the Ottoman Empire during the sixteenth century. A specific form of architectural patronage at the shrines, which were built to venerate medieval religious figure Haci Bektas Veli and eighth-century warrior saint Seyyid Battal Gazi, shaped the architecture at the important Anatolian centers that housed the saints’ tombs and attendant communities of dervishes. These were places of pilgrimage visitation, known in Turkish as ziyaretler . The sites sat on the borders of regional principalities, or beylikler , that were formed following the Mongol conquest of Anatolia in 1243 and were eventually brought into the Ottoman Empire. Yurekli posits that the shrines subsequently became key sites in a “Bektashi network” that grew between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries to include more than 150 such sites, all under the centralized governance of the leaders of the Haci Bektas Veli shrine in central Anatolia. Such shrines, dedicated to saints venerated by Anatolian Muslims, dotted the Ottoman landscape. In many cases, the tombs of these exemplary figures became parts of large complexes that included facilities for dervishes in Sufi orders; kitchens and bakeries for supplying food to initiates, pilgrims, festival attendees, travelers, and the poor; systems of running water piped to pools and fountains as well as to residential and educational buildings; and ceremonial spaces. The architecture of the Turco-Mongol tradition of saint veneration was multifunctional and often cumulative, as structures were added, remodeled, and reoriented over time, sometimes over several centuries. This …
Screening for illicit drug use.

Case study: An 18-year-old woman visits your office for routine prenatal care. She is in the first trimester of pregnancy and has had no notable medical problems. The physical examination is normal, and she expresses no concerns.
Bile acid induction specificity of 7α-dehydroxylase activity in an intestinal Eubacterium species

The addition of cholic acid to growing cultures of Eubacterium species V.P.I. 12708 caused a 25 and 46-fold increase in 7 alpha-dehydroxylation activity using cell extracts or whole cell suspensions, respectively. Bile acid conversion rates using either [14C]-cholic acid or [14C]-chenodeoxycholic acid as substrates increased at approximately the same rate when either cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid was added to growing cultures as inducer. The induction of 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity was highly specific requiring a free C-24-carboxyl group and an unhindered 7 alpha-hydroxy group on the B ring of the steroid nucleus. Unexpectedly, cholic acid also rapidly induced NADH:flavin oxidoreductase activity in growing cultures of this bacterium.
Defining the optimal timing of adjuvant therapy for resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A statewide cancer registry analysis.

Background Long-term results of the ESPAC-3 trial suggest that while completing adjuvant therapy (AT) is necessary after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), early initiation (within 8 weeks) may not be associated with improved overall survival (OS). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the OS impact of early versus late AT in a statewide analysis. Methods Patients with stages I–III PDAC in the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) from 2004 to 2013, were evaluated. Those undergoing pancreatectomy were stratified into two groups (“early,” <8 weeks, vs. “late,” 8–16 weeks). Results Of 2,221 diagnosed patients with stages I–III, 831 (37.4%) underwent pancreatectomy upfront. Of these, only 420 (50.5%) received AT. Initiation date of AT was not associated with OS (median OS: early, 20.2 vs. late, 19.0 months, P = 0.97). On multivariate analysis, factors that affected OS included stage (II, HR-1.82, P = 0.017; III, HR-3.77, P < 0.001), node positivity (HR-1.51, P = 0.004), poorly/undifferentiated grade (HR-1.34; P = 0.011), but not AT initiation date. Conclusions In this statewide analysis, there was no difference in OS between early and late AT initiation for resected PDAC. The ideal window for AT initiation remains unknown as tumor biology continues to trump regimens from the past decade. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic Monitoring of B Cell Immunity

Immune monitoring is critical in settings of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer, but our understanding of the diversity of the antibody immune repertoire has been limited to selected target antigens and epitopes. Development of new vaccines requires monitoring of B cell immunity and identification of candidate antigens. As vaccines become more complex, novel techniques are required for monitoring the diversity of the B cell immune response. Since antibodies recognize both linear and conformational protein and glycoprotein epitopes, recent advances in proteomic and glycomic technologies for rapid display of antigenic structures are leading to methods for proteome-wide immune monitoring. Here, we review different approaches for protein display for immune monitoring, and provide methods for in situ protein display for the rapid detection and validation of antibody repertoires.
Generalized series imaging with multiple references [MRI]

Many imaging applications require the acquisition of a time series of images. In conventional Fourier transform-based imaging methods, each of these images is acquired independently. As a result, one often has to sacrifice spatial resolution for temporal resolution. To address this problem, this paper extends a generalized series imaging method so that multiple references can be used to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution. Application results are also presented to illustrate its effectiveness for high-resolution dynamic imaging.
The Mars Science Laboratory Remote Sensing Mast

The Mars Science Laboratory Remote Sensing Mast (RSM) was built to deploy, point and protect science instruments and navigation cameras used by the Curiosity rover in her mission to explore Gale Crater on Mars. The mechanical design of the RSM and the payload accommodation details are described along with some of the more difficult challenges faced in the assembly, test and operations phases of the mission. Details of the flight software design that allowed the team to meet tight pointing requirements and protect the sun-sensitive ChemCam instrument from the hazard of direct sun exposure are presented. Basic operations and early results of the performance of the mast on Mars are reviewed.
Gene Expression, Epigenetic Regulation, and Cancer

The human body is composed of many different types of somatic cells that vary in structure and function whereby each cell type possesses its own unique combination of proteins that will distinguish it from other types of cells. Hence only certain genes are expressed in cells that carry out specific functions, and different mechanisms have been identified to control gene expression. Histone modification and DNA methylation are two major types of epigenetic mechanisms that are important for normal development; however, under certain conditions, they may contribute to the onset of certain diseases. For example, changes to the epigenome may promote the growth of carcinogenic tumors. Epigenetic chemicals may originate from exposure to particular environmental stimuli, and lifestyle behaviors may play an important role in changing one’s epigenetic profile. Although epigenetic tags are not components of the DNA itself, they have the potential to be passed on to offspring. Novel drug therapies are being developed to target particular aberrant epigenetic activity responsible for initiating harmful health effects.
Permeable Participation: Civic Engagement and Protest Mobilization in 20 OECD Countries, 1981–2008:

Civic engagement and protest mobilization have generally been treated as distinct activities, with separate literatures examining each form of participation. This differentiation largely rests on t...
Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods.

The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). In both basil species, the EO yield (content) was significantly higher from SD than from HD. There were significant differences in the compounds’ concentrations of EO obtained from SD and HD as well, however, the same compounds were identified in the EO from HD and SD. In the EO of O. basilicum, the concentration of 74% of the identified compounds were higher in SD than HD, whereas in the EO of O. tenuiflorum, the concentration of 84% of identified compounds were higher in SD than in HD. However, the concentrations of two of the major compounds of O. basilicum EO (estragole and methyl cinnamate) and a major compound of O. tenuiflorum EO (methyl eugenol) were significantly higher in HD than in SD. The type of distillation did not affect the antioxidant capacity of basil EO within the species. This study demonstrated that the type of distillation may significantly affect oil yield and composition but not the antioxidant capacity of the EO from sweet and holy basil. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Magnetism points to molecular asymmetry

About 150 years ago, the French chemist Louis Pasteur discovered one of the most interesting and enigmatic asymmetries in nature: that the chemistry of life shows a preference for molecules with a particular "handedness". His discovery came 100 years before physicists demonstrated that processes governed by weak-force interactions look different in a mirror-image world.
The Role of Surgery and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Management of Advanced or Recurrent GIST

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common gastrointestinal sarcoma, accounting for 5% of all mesenchymal tumors and 1–3% of all gastrointestinal tumors. The annual incidence is 10–13 per 1,000,000, with the majority arising in the stomach (50–60%) and small bowel (20–30%) and only a minority in the large bowel (5%) and esophagus (<5%) [1, 2]. GISTs arise from activating mutations of tyrosine kinase receptors, most commonly by KIT (CD117) which is expressed in 95% of GISTs or platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) which is mutated in 5–10% of GISTs. Yet, 10–15% have no known mutation in KIT or PDGRF and are wild type. The treatment of GISTs has dramatically changed since 2002 due to the FDA approval of imatinib/Gleevec, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of c-KIT. Imatinib has initial response rates of 75–80% [3].
Nonlinear above-threshold photoemission in single-wall carbon nanotube induced by fs-pulsed laser

We study nonlinear above-threshold photoemission (ATPE) in single-wall carbon nanotubes at two wavelengths. NIR photoemission demonstrates 5-photon ATPE, while UV ATPE is dominantly a 2nd process. Two-pulse correlation exhibits enhanced photoemission with a very short lifetime less than 200 fs.
Standardized Patients Portraying Parents in Pediatric End-of-Life Simulation

Abstract Teaching nursing students how to support families during the death of their child is an important aspect of pediatric nursing. Faculty created a novel end-of-life simulation where standardized patients portrayed an infant's parents. The purpose of this article is to describe how the characters were created, how standardized patients were trained, and the importance of psychosocial care with standardized patients. Anecdotally, students and faculty have noted how standardized patients improved the fidelity of the simulation. Standardized patients allowed students to practice communication skills during simulations, which may augment the critical thinking and psychomotor skills often used in simulation.
Tolerance of Interseeded Annual Ryegrass and Red Clover Cover Crops to Residual Herbicides in Mid-Atlantic Corn Cropping Systems

In the mid-Atlantic region, there is increasing interest in the use of intercropping strategies to establish cover crops in corn cropping systems. However, intercropping may be limited by potential injury to cover crops from residual herbicide programs. Field experiments were conducted from 2013 to 2015 at Pennsylvania, Maryland, and New York locations (n = 8) to evaluate the effect of common residual corn herbicides on interseeded red clover and annual ryegrass. Cover crop establishment and response to herbicide treatments varied across sites and years. S-metolachlor, pyroxasulfone, pendimethalin, and dimethenamid-P reduced annual ryegrass biomass relative to the nontreated check, whereas annual ryegrass biomass in acetochlor treatments was no different compared with the nontreated check. The rank order of observed annual ryegrass biomass reduction among chloroacetamide herbicides was S-metolachlor>pyroxasulfone>dimethenamid-P>acetochlor. Annual ryegrass biomass was not reduced by any of the broadleaf co...
COMPARISON OF PERCUTANEOUS PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE AND MEDICAL THERAPY FOR SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CRYPTOGENIC STROKE: A META-ANALYSIS

The efficacy of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure devices for secondary prevention of cryptogenic strokes has long been a topic of uncertainty. However, new evidence derived from well-designed randomized controlled trials appears to suggest otherwise. We conducted a meta-analysis including recently
A hybrid RANS/LES framework to investigate spatially developing turbulent boundary layers

A hybrid RANS/LES framework is developed based on a recently proposed Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model combined with a variant of recycling and rescaling method of generating inow turbulence. This framework was applied to investigate spatially developing at plate turbulent boundary layer up to momentum thickness Reynolds number, R = 31000 and the results are compared with the available experimental data. Good agreement was obtained for the global quantities such as mean velocity and skin friction at all momentum thickness Reynolds numbers considered. The trends obtained for the Reynolds stress components are in the right direction. At high R , the shear stress distribution shows signicant dierences close to the wall indicating scope for further improving the near-wall modeling in such methods.
Context and NLP

Early Natural Language Processing (NLP) endeavors often employed contextual cues as supplemental assistive measures—secondary sources of data to help understand its users’ linguistic inputs. Context was used more as a tie-breaking tool rather than as a central component in conversational negotiation. Recent work in context-based reasoning has inspired a paradigm shift from these context-assisted techniques to context-centric NLP systems. This evolution of context’s role in NLP is necessary to support today’s sophisticated Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) applications, such as personal digital assistants, language tutors, and question answering systems. In these applications, there is a strong sense of utilitarian, purpose-driven conversation. Such an emphasis on goal-oriented behavior requires that the underlying NLP methods be capable of navigating through a conversation at the conceptual, or contextual level. This chapter explores the natural bond between NLP and context-based methods, as it manifests itself in the context-centric paradigm. Insights and examples are provided along the way to shed light on this evolved way of engineering natural language-based HCI.
Effect of iron on the relative abundance of two large polypeptides of the Escherichiacoli outer membrane

Abstract The relative abundance of two polypeptides of the Escherichia coli outer membrane is affected by the growth medium. The polypeptides have molecular weights of 85,000 and 95,000 and, in cells grown in medium containing low concentrations of iron, are dominant outer membrane proteins.
TCT-401 A Strategy of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Eluting Stents for the Treatment of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy May Normalize Survival

PCI for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is associated with high revascularization rates but acceptable stent and lesion patency. Whether a strategy of PCI normalizes survival is not known. Pts who underwent PCI with 2nd gen DES for CAV were included. Surveillance angiography was performed 6-12
Nonspecific electrocardiographic abnormalities are associated with increased length of stay and adverse cardiac outcomes in prehospital chest pain.

Abstract Background Nonspecific ST-T repolarization (NST) abnormalities alter the ST-segment for reasons often unrelated to acute myocardial ischemia, which could contribute to misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. We sought to define the prevalence of NST patterns in patients with chest pain and evaluate how such patterns correlate with the eventual etiology of chest pain and course of hospitalization. Methods This was a prospective observational study that included consecutive prehospital chest pain patients from three tertiary care hospitals in the U.S. Two independent reviewers blinded from clinical data audited the prehospital 12-lead ECG for the presence or absence of NST patterns (i.e., right or left bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy with strain pattern, ventricular pacing, ventricular rhythm, or coarse atrial fibrillation). The primary outcome was 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as cardiac arrest, acute heart failure, post-discharge infarction, or all-cause death. Results The final sample included 750 patients (age 59 ± 17, 58% males). A total of 40 patients (5.3%) experienced 30-MACE and 131 (17.5%) had NST patterns. The presence of NST patterns was an independent multivariate predictor of 30-day MACE (9.9% vs. 4.4%, OR = 2.2 [95% CI = 1.1–4.5]. Patients with NST patterns had increased median length of stay (1.0 [IQR 0.5–3] vs. 2.0 [IQR 1–4] days, p Conclusions One in six prehospital ECGs of patients with chest pain has NST patterns. This pattern is associated with increased length of stay and adverse cardiac outcomes, suggesting the need of preventive measures and close follow up in such patients.
Design and Intervention in the Age of "No Alternative"

This paper explores the relationship between design and intervention, and how scholars of computing and design might strengthen their repertoire of intervention amidst a pervasive sense of there being "no alternative" to structures of inequality and capitalist expansion. Drawing from the authors' long-term ethnographic research on maker, entrepreneurship, and innovation cultures as well as their engagements with professional communities of computing and design, this paper introduces and theorizes modes of intervention that do not fit familiar images of political action such as the countercultural hero or localized resistance. The paper contributes by expanding the analytical repertoire of an interventionist-oriented social computing scholarship. Specifically, it offers three inter-related analytical sensibilities from feminist and critical race studies-"noticing differently," "walking alongside" and "parasitic resistance"- to support political and activist approaches in CSCW and related fields
Relationships between Stress and Psychosocial Factors with Sources of Help-Seeking among International Students

This study explored the prevalence of stressors and their impact on distress for international students who did not seek help, those who sought either informal or professional help, and those who accessed both informal and professional help. Results indicated that international students underutilize professional support services when faced with serious stressors, such as assaults, and often do not seek help from any source for those stressors contributing most to their overall distress. Those endorsing higher levels of belonging, sense of coherence, mindfulness, academic and social integration and their sense of connection to their university tend to turn to informal sources of support, while those with lower levels tend to turn to professional supports. Implications for prevention, outreach, and clinical practice are discussed.
Social Networking Site Use, Positive Emotions, and Job Performance

With the increasing use of social networking sites, within and outside work hours, it is reasonable to ask whether that use has any impact on job performance and why. This study draws on the techno...
Relation of Hospital Volume With In-Hospital and 90-Day Outcomes After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Using MitraClip.

MitraClip therapy has shown increasing use since it was commercially adopted among US hospitals in October 2013. However, the relation of institutional MitraClip volume with outcomes is unclear. This study sought to examine the association between hospital volume and outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve repair using the MitraClip device. Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we identified all patients who underwent a MitraClip procedure and categorized hospitals into tertiles based on their annual procedure volume: low (≤3 procedures/year), medium (4 to 13/year), and high (≥14/year) volume centers. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of institutional MitraClip volume on in-hospital and 90-day outcomes, respectively. From 2014 to 2015, a total of 3,420 procedures were performed at 266 hospitals with a median annual procedural volume of 5 per hospital. Low (n = 81), medium (n = 86), and high (n = 99) volume hospitals performed 147 (4.3%), 403 (11.8%), and 2,870 (83.9%) MitraClip procedures, respectively. The low versus high hospital volume was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (7.8% vs 3.0%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.64; p = 0.04), acute myocardial infarction (10.2% vs 2.2%; aOR 2.93; p = 0.02), and acute respiratory failure (19.3% vs 7.7%; aOR 2.24; p = 0.02) during index admission as well as 90-day all-cause readmissions (37.8% vs 26.6%; adjusted hazard ratio 1.54; p = 0.03), and 90-day infective endocarditis (2.4% vs 0.3%; adjusted hazard ratio 10.06; p = 0.003). In conclusion, low hospital MitraClip volume is an independent determinant of worse outcomes including in-hospital mortality and 90-day readmissions.
Fecal Transplants by Colonoscopy and Capsules Are Cost-Effective Strategies for Treating Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) occur frequently and pose a substantial economic burden on the US healthcare system. The landscape for the treatment of CDI is evolving. To elucidate the most cost-effective strategy for managing recurrent CDI. A decision tree analysis was created from a modified third-party payer’s perspective to compare the cost-effectiveness of five strategies for patients experiencing their first CDI recurrence: oral vancomycin, fidaxomicin, fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) via colonoscopy, FMT via oral capsules, and a one-time infusion of bezlotoxumab with vancomycin. Effectiveness measures were quality-adjusted life years (QALY). A willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $100,000 per QALY was set. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Base-case analysis showed that FMT via colonoscopy was associated with the lowest cost at $5250 and that FMT via capsules was also a cost-effective strategy with an incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $31205/QALY. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that FMT delivered by oral capsules and colonoscopy was comparable cost-effective modalities. At its current cost and effectiveness, bezlotoxumab was not a cost-effective strategy. FMT via oral capsules and colonoscopy is both cost-effective strategies to treat the first recurrence of CDI. Further real-world economic studies are needed to understand the cost-effectiveness of all available strategies.
Pedagogies and Strategies in International Maritime Business

Until we find an equally or more efficient way to get 90% of everything we need from markets around the world, the maritime world must make a conscious effort to continue to support excellence in maritime pedagogy. This must be done through understanding the strategies that inform such a specialized area of maritime work. It is a fact that modern maritime pedagogy brings in many new strategies, but these will be more effective if the lens of maritime pedagogical history and challenges are understood. It is the aim of this paper to highlight teaching and learning strategies in international maritime business in light of the latest developments and to highlight areas where the maritime pedagogy can best support human resource training and development in the maritime world. Maritime training must anticipate the needs of the industry in time rather than waiting until there are skills shortages.
Transient Brugada-Like Electrocardiographic Pattern in a Patient With COVID-19

Abstract A 61-year-old man presented with fever, shortness of breath, and new chest pain. An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed Brugada-like ECG pattern. Emergent coronary angiography demonstrated no...
Reducing the relative value of cigarettes: Considerations for nicotine and non-nicotine factors.

Abstract Despite notable progress in recent decades, cigarette smoke persists as a leading cause of premature death and preventable disease. To weaken the link between nicotine reinforcement and the toxicity associated with combusted tobacco, the United States Food and Drug Administration is considering a product standard targeting cigarette nicotine content. In this review, we summarize research assessing the potential impacts of reducing nicotine in cigarettes. Evidence to date suggests cigarette smoking, toxicant exposure and dependence would decline following substantial reductions in nicotine content. However, reduced nicotine content may not eliminate smoking entirely. Regulatory efforts that shape the nicotine and tobacco marketplace should consider that non-nicotine reinforcing factors and decision-making biases can contribute to the value of smoking. The impact of reducing nicotine in cigarettes will likely depend on the alternative nicotine products available to current smokers. This article is part of the special issue on ‘Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology’.
Alcohol- and drug-related consequences across latent classes of substance use among American Indian adolescents.

Abstract Introduction Substance use among American Indian (AI) adolescents is a significant public health concern, as they report greater health disparities related to substance use compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The present study examines differences across classes of substance use behaviors regarding alcohol- and drug-related consequences. Methods The current study was a secondary analysis of the dataset used by Stanley and Swaim (2018). AI adolescents (n = 3498, 47.8% female, Mage = 14.8) completed a survey including substance use and related consequences. Protocols were approved by institutional IRB, tribal authority, school boards, and parental consent/child assent were obtained. Results In line with Stanley and Swaim (2018), we identified four classes of substance use: no past month substance use; marijuana and cigarette use only; alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use only; and polysubstance use. Cross-class comparisons revealed that adolescents in classes characterized by the use of a greater number of substances also reported experiencing greater alcohol- and drug-related consequences with one exception: the class characterized by marijuana and cigarette use reported greater drug-related consequences compared to the class characterized by alcohol, marijuana, and cigarette use. Conclusions AI adolescents who engage in the use of multiple substances should be provided with psychoeducation around the increased risk of associated negative consequences. Given the health disparity experienced by AI adolescents, interventions to alleviate the burden of negative consequences are necessary.
Meta-Analysis of Clinical Fracture Risk Reduction of Antiosteoporosis Drugs: Direct and Indirect Comparisons and Meta-Regressions.

Abstract Objective Antiosteoporotic drug (AOD) trials have variabilities in duration and fracture risks. This study evaluated AOD’s versus controls regarding reduction in relative rates and rate differences in vertebral and hip fractures and comparative costs. Methods Primary randomized controlled trials of antiosteoporotic drugs in postmenopausal women with documentation of vertebral fracture rates or hip fracture rates were extracted from meta-analyses and PubMed through February 2021. Direct and indirect meta-analyses and meta-regressions analyzed the fracture reductions. Results There were 24 randomized controlled trials of drug versus placebo (73 862 women) and 10 randomized controlled trials of drug versus drug. The reductions in the relative rates of vertebral fractures were significant for antiresorptive (alendronate, risedronate, zoledronate, denosumab, and raloxifene) and anabolic (teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab) drugs. Denosumab, teriparatide, and abaloparatide were more effective in reducing vertebral fracture rates than oral bisphosphates (all P $100 000 for anabolic drugs and between $2289 and $28 947 for antiresorptive drugs. Many direct drug versus drug trials were underpowered to demonstrate benefits of one drug over another. Conclusion This study suggests goal-directed, cost-effective therapies relative to patient risk for vertebral and hip fractures. Anabolic drugs are better at preventing vertebral fractures than oral bisphosphonates. Anabolic drugs are not superior to zoledronate or denosumab and are substantially more expensive. When comparing drugs that prevented hip fractures, there was no statistical benefit of any drug.