cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The clinical spectrum of critical illness polyneuropathy

Objective To describe the entity of critical illness polyneuropathy and review our experience with six cases. Design We present case reports of six patients with polyneuropathy associated with critical illness, who received medical care at the Mayo Clinic between 1992 and 1994, and discuss similar cases from the literature. Results Critical illness may damage peripheral nerves. In previous studies, sepsis and multiorgan failure have been found to trigger a peripheral neuropathy. Of our six patients with critical illness polyneuropathy, all had a preceding severe bacterial infection or septic shock. In one patient who had long-term administration of vecuronium bromide and had received massive intravenous doses of corticosteroids, sural nerve and quadriceps muscle biopsy specimens were available; they revealed axonal neuropathy and notable myopathic changes, respectively. The outcome was good in patients who survived the critical illness. Conclusion Polyneuropathy in critically ill patients may be a cause of severe generalized limb weakness and occurs in the setting of a sepsis syndrome. The long-term outcome is good in patients who recover from the underlying critical illness. Compression neuropathies may be a cause of permanent sequelae.
Weighted quality estimates in machine learning

Motivation: Machine learning methods such as neural networks, support vector machines, and other classification and regression methods rely on iterative optimization of the model quality in the space of the parameters of the method. Model quality measures (accuracies, correlations, etc.) are frequently overly optimistic because the training sets are dominated by particular families and subfamilies. To overcome the bias, the dataset is usually reduced by filtering out closely related objects. However, such filtering uses fixed similarity thresholds and ignores a part of the training information. Results: We suggested a novel approach to calculate prediction model quality based on assigning to each data point inverse density weights derived from the postulated distance metric. We demonstrated that our new weighted measures estimate the model generalization better and are consistent with the machine learning theory. The Vapnik--Chervonenkis theorem was reformulated and applied to derive the space-uniform error estimates. Two examples were used to illustrate the advantages of the inverse density weighting. First, we demonstrated on a set with a built-in bias that the unweighted cross-validation procedure leads to an overly optimistic quality estimate, while the density-weighted quality estimates are more realistic. Second, an analytical equation for weighted quality estimates was used to derive an SVM model for signal peptide prediction using a full set of known signal peptides, instead of the usual filtered subset. Contact: [email protected]
Common and Unique Factors Associated with DSM-IV-TR Internalizing Disorders in Children.

With the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV Fourth Edition-Text Revision. Author, Washington, DC. 2000) ahead, decisions will be made about the future of taxonomic conceptualizations. This study examined the factor structure of items from three internalizing disorders (Social Phobia, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Depression) on the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV-Child Version (Silverman, W. K., & Albano, A. M. Anxiety disorders interview schedule for children for DSM-IV, child and parent versions. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, 1996). Two-, three-, and four-factor models emerged in an exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis provided additional empirical support for the four-factor model over the two- or three-factor models. Implications for the structure of the DSM-V taxonomy in children and adolescents are discussed.
Differential Response in Foliar Chemistry of Three Ash Species to Emerald Ash Borer Adult Feeding

The emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire; Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an exotic wood-boring beetle that has been threatening North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) resources since its discovery in Michigan and Ontario in 2002. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical responses of the three most common North American ash species (black, green, and white ash) in northeastern USA to EAB adult feeding. Black ash was the least responsive to EAB adult feeding in terms of the induction of volatile compounds, and levels of only two (indole and benzyl cyanide) of the 11 compounds studied increased. In green ash, levels of two [(E)-β-ocimene and indole] of the 11 volatile compounds studied were elevated, while the levels of two green leaf volatiles [hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal] decreased. White ash showed the greatest response with an increase in levels of seven of the 11 compounds studied. Qualitative differences among ash species were detected. Among the phenolic compounds detected, ligustroside was the only one detected in all three species. Oleuropein aglycone and 2 unidentified compounds were found only in black ash; coumaroylquinic acid and feruloylquinic acid were detected only in green ash; and verbascoside hexoside was detected only in white ash. EAB adult feeding did not elicit or decrease concentrations of any selected individual phenolic compounds. However, although levels of total phenolics from black and green ash foliage were not affected by EAB adult feeding, they decreased significantly in white ash. EAB adult feeding elevated chymotrypsin inhibitors in black ash. The possible ecological implications of these findings are discussed.
Challenges in DNA motion control and sequence readout using nanopore devices

Nanopores are being hailed as a potential next-generation DNA sequencer that could provide cheap, high-throughput DNA analysis. In this review we present a detailed summary of the various sensing techniques being investigated for use in DNA sequencing and mapping applications. A crucial impasse to the success of nanopores as a reliable DNA analysis tool is the fast and stochastic nature of DNA translocation. We discuss the incorporation of biological motors to step DNA through a pore base-by-base, as well as the many experimental modifications attempted for the purpose of slowing and controlling DNA transport.
Characterization and Functional Properties of Rice Bran Proteins Modified by Commercial Exoproteases and Endoproteases

: Large portions of rice bran protein cannot be solubilized by mild solvents, but endoprotease use increases protein recovery. Bran was treated with 2 commercial proteases to achieve 8% to 9% peptide bond hydrolysis. The exo- plus endprotease was preferred to just using endopeptidases as it allowed the production of protein hydrolysates with enhanced functional properties. Solubility and emulsification activity and stability of hydrolysates produced with the protease blends were greater than that produced with endoprotease alone. These high value hydrolysates, produced from rice bran, an underutilized rice milling coproduct, are suitable for many processed foods, particularly those requiring potent solubility and emulsification at mildly acidic conditions.
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES OF THE GUINEA PIG III. LINKAGE OF THE GA AND GT IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES TO HISTOCOMPATIBILITY GENOTYPES IN INBRED GUINEA PIGS

The ability of guinea pigs to form immune responses specific for each of the random copolymers, L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA) and L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT), is under the control of distinct autosomal dominant genes. By testing for the ability to respond to these copolymers among the progeny from the reciprocal backcross mating of responder (2 x 13)F(1) animals with the appropriate nonresponder parental strain, we have demonstrated that different unigenic autosomal dominant traits control the ability to respond to GA and GT respectively. The data further shows that the GA gene is linked to the poly-L-lysine (PLL) gene and to the locus determining the major strain 2 histocompatibility specificities and that the GT gene is linked to the locus controlling the expression of major strain 13 histocompatibility specificities. Analysis of the inheritance of the GT and PLL genes among the offspring from a mating of responder (2 x 13)F(1) guinea pigs with random-bred guinea pigs unable to respond to GT or PLL demonstrate that these genes segregate away from each other. Thus, the PLL gene and the genes to which it is linked, the GA gene and the major strain 2 histocompatibility locus, behave as alleles or pseudoalleles to the GT gene and the major strain 13 histocompatibility locus.
Ludic Learning: Exploration of TLE TeachLivETM and Effective Teacher Training

New and emerging technology in the field of virtual environments has permitted a certain malleability of learning milieus. These emerging environments allow learning and transfer through interactions that have been intentionally designed to be pleasurable experiences. TLE TeachLivETM is just such an emerging environment that engages teachers in practice on pedagogical and content aspects of teaching in a simulator. The sense of presence, engagement, and ludus of TLE TeachLivETM are derived from the compelling Mixed Reality that includes components of off-the shelf and emerging technologies. Some of the noted features that have been identified relevant to the ludic nature of TeachLivE include the flow, fidelity, unpredicability, suspension of disbelief, social presence, and gamelike elements. This article explores TLE TeachLivETM in terms of the ludology, paideic user experience, the source of the ludus, and outcomes of the ludic nature of the experience.
Renvois of the past, present and future: hyperlinks and the structuring of knowledge from the Encyclopédie to Web 2.0

This article provides a 'long history' of the renvois, an 18th century antecedent of hyperlinked text featured prominently in Denis Diderot's Encyclopedie (1791). It describes the emergence of renvois in the encyclopedias of early modern Europe, traces its expansion over the course of the 20th century through the work of such pioneers as Vannevar Bush, Ted Nelson and Tim Berners-Lee, and looks forward to the potential of renvois as a key component of the semantic web and the growing use of folksonomies online. The article reveals how the use of renvois — both in the 18th century and today — leads to unsettling juxtapositions, contradictions and unexpected meanings, allowing readers to relinquish their position as passive receivers of pre-organized information, to subvert traditional knowledge structures and hierarchies, and to become active and integral participants in the production of knowledge.
Home functioning profiles in people with multiple sclerosis and their relation to disease characteristics and psychosocial functioning

Background For people with multiple sclerosis (MS), limitations in performing activities of daily living can have a significant impact on personal independence, residential safety, and quality of life. In this study we explored the utility of the Home Functioning Scale in identifying home functioning profiles and generating rehabilitation interventions. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether distinctive and meaningful home functioning profiles could be identified among adults with MS based on Home Functioning Scale scores. Methods Home Functioning Scale scores and additional data from a representative national sample of 3,834 adults were analyzed. We used cluster analysis and MANOVA to identify and evaluate group differences. Results Three distinct home functioning profiles emerged in the analysis: (1) minimal impairment (31.1% of participants); (2) moderate impairment (52.4%); and (3) severe impairment (16.5%). The three groups exhibited significant differences on demographic and MS related characteristics, perceived cognitive function, perceived MS impact on physical and psychological function, and life satisfaction. Conclusion The profile characteristics of the identified groups are presented and the implications of the results for rehabilitation practitioners and the investigation of home functioning in activities of daily living are discussed.
Concurrent PAC RL

In many real-world situations a decision maker may make decisions across many separate reinforcement learning tasks in parallel, yet there has been very little work on concurrent RL. Building on the efficient exploration RL literature, we introduce two new concurrent RL algorithms and bound their sample complexity. We show that under some mild conditions, both when the agent is known to be acting in many copies of the same MDP, and when they are not the same but are taken from a finite set, we can gain linear improvements in the sample complexity over not sharing information. This is quite exciting as a linear speedup is the most one might hope to gain. Our preliminary experiments confirm this result and show empirical benefits.
Epigenetics—a potential mediator between air pollution and preterm birth

Preterm birth is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality and a potential risk factor for adult chronic disease. With over 15 million infants born preterm worldwide each year, preterm birth poses a global health concern. There is a possible association between air pollution and preterm birth, though studies have been inconsistent, likely due to variation in study design. How air pollution induces health effects is uncertain; however, studies have repeatedly demonstrated the effects of air pollution on epigenetic modifications. More recent evidence suggests that epigenetics may, in turn, be linked to preterm birth. Discovery of environmentally modifiable epigenetic processes connected to preterm birth may help to identify women at risk of preterm birth, and ultimately lead to development of new preterm birth prevention measures.
Gender Differences in Total and Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Concentrations in a Population-based Cohort from Birth to Age Four Years

While serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration has been shown to be related to allergic disease, there have been few studies of the natural history of IgE development in young children. This study compared total and allergen-specific serum IgE concentrations, by gender, from birth through 4 years of age using a population-based cohort of normal children followed from 1987 to 1993. Subjects were enrolled from a geographically defined area through membership in a large health maintenance organization, and they resided in the northern suburbs of Detroit, Michigan. Total IgE concentrations were measured at birth and at 2 and 4 years of age. Specific IgE concentrations to selected common inhalant allergens (dust mite (Dematophagoides farinae), cat, ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and timothy grass (Pheleum pratense)) were measured at 2 and 4 years of age. Total IgE increased with age from birth to 4 years for boys and girls, and was higher in boys at 2 and 4 years of age. Girls demonstrated significant increases in IgE to mite and cat and decreases in IgE to ragweed and timothy from 2 to 4 years of age, whereas there was little change for boys except an increase in IgE to ragweed. Differences in IgE development between young boys and girls may partially account for the higher prevalence of asthma in boys than in girls.
The Response of a Surface Discontinuity to an Incoming Vortex

Two methods for evaluating the sound radiated from turbulent flow over surface discontinuities have been derived and evaluated. The first uses RANS mean flow calculations to convect a line vortex past the discontinuity and then applies Howe’s equation for the forces acting on a body in a flow to obtain the dipole source strength. This approach has been applied to a cubic element protruding from the surface and a forward facing step. The second uses Bernoulli’s equation to find the pressure on the faces of the discontinuity by evaluating the changes in the potential flow. This approach has been applied to a forward facing step with the inclusion of a model for the separated flow that ensures the Kutta condition is satisfied. Results for the far field spectrum calculated from this model show that the force on the top of the step is the dominant source of sound at flow Mach numbers M~0.1, which is consistent with measurements and LES studies.
Repeatability Of Common Uxo Detection & Discrimination Instruments

In support of UXO detection and discrimination, considerable effort has been and is being devoted to (1) understanding the operating characteristics of currently deployed EMI sensor systems, (2) characterizing the sensor system response as a function of location of a given ordnance target relative to the system, (3) characterizing the sensor signatures of given EMI systems to a wide variety of ordnance types, and (4) currently an effort to characterize the variation in signatures of given EMI sensors with a statistically significant sampling of representatives of the same ordnance type. Complementary to the fourth item, there has not been a similar effort to characterize and understand the signature variation to a given ordnance item among various geophysical systems of the same type. Even differences in the 5 to 10 % range between the same type systems over a given ordnance item, while perhaps insignificant from the perspective of detection, could lead to erroneous classification/identification from the perspective of discrimination. Production geophysical surveys for UXO detection and discrimination typically use two technologies: electromagnetic induction (EMI) systems and total field magnetometry (TFM). EMI systems are the most versatile of the geophysical methods used for surveys for buried UXO, leading to environmental restoration. The EMI systems are versatile due to the capability of broad bandwidth operation and variable transmitter and receiver configurations. TFM sensors are the most reliable and simplest systems to operate while also having the ability to detect large targets at greater depths than EMI. One new unit, if possible, of each of the three most common instruments used in UXO remediation projects: the Geonics EM61-MK1 and EM61-MK2 metal detectors, and the Geometrics G-858 magnetometer; were tested as reference instruments. The response of the instruments was monitored as a function of time versus the following parameters: battery voltage, system current draw, transmitted power (where applicable), electronics temperature, battery temperature, and ambient weather conditions. The measurements have been repeated multiple times in one day as well as on subsequent days while using a regulated power supply to attempt to determine which parameters have the most significant affect on system response. Currently we have tested four EM61-MK1 units, two EM61-MK2 units and two G-858 units. A total of ten units of each type will be tested for this project. The surprising result that has been observed is that the signal to noise ratio of the EM61 series instruments is a function of the battery voltage, which indicates that the transmitted current is not regulated.
Measurement of protein-ligand binding constants from reaction-diffusion concentration profiles.

Protein−ligand dissociation constants, Kd, are determined precisely and down to the picomolar range from reaction-diffusion (RD) concentration profiles created by proteins diffusing through hydrogels functionalized with protein ligands. The RD process effectively amplifies the molecular-scale binding events into macroscopic patterns visible to the naked eye. The method is applicable to various protein−ligand pairs and does not require any prior knowledge about the protein structure.
Contents of heavy metals in marine animals along intertidal zone at Shenzhen

Heavy metal contents have been investigated for the marine animals along the intertidal zone at Shenzhen in December 2005 and May 2006.As a result,the average contents of Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Mo,Pb,Cd,Sn,Sb,Ba and Hg were 0.63,9.24,137.22,0.13,1.46,97.36,283.77,1.96,0.49,0.27,0.68,0.62,0.28,0.01,1.23 and 0.01 mg·kg-1(wet weight),respectively.The contents of Cu and Zn in the mollusks were higher than the evaluation standard of heavy metal pollution for the marine animals.Among them,the contents of Cu and Zn in the oysters were 5.27 and 9.05 times of the limit standard respectively.The contents of Cr,Ni,Pb and Hg in the mollusk did not exceed the above standard.The content of As in the most investigated animals exceeded the limit standard for human consumption.The highest content of As in Thais clavigera was 5.63 times of limit standard for human consumption.The higher Cu content is a result of Cu contamination in the seawater of Dapeng Bay,Shenzhen Bay and the Zhujiang River estuary,while the causations of higher Zn and As contents in the investigated animals still need to be ascertained in the further study.
TU-H-BRA-05: A System Design for Integration of An Interior MRI and a Linear Accelerator

Purpose: MRI is a highly desirable modality to guide radiation therapy but it is difficult to combine a conventional MRI scanner directly with a linear accelerator (linac). An interior MRI (iMRI) concept has been proposed to acquire MRI images within a small field of view only covering targets and immediate surrounding tissues. The objective of this project is to design an interior MRI system to work with a linac using a magnet to provide a field around 0.2T in a cube of 20cm per side, and perform image reconstruction with a slightly inhomogeneous static magnetic fields. Methods: All the results are simulated using a commercially available software package, FARADY. In our design, a ring structure holds the iMRI system and also imbeds a linac treatment head. The ring is synchronized to the linac gantry rotation. Half of the ring is made of steel and becomes a magnetic flux return path (yoke) so that a strong magnetic field will be limited inside the iron circuit and fringe fields will be very weak. In order to increase the static magnetic field homogeneity, special steel magnet boots or tips were simulated. Three curved boots were designed based on two-dimensional curves: arc, parabola and hyperbola. Results: Different boot surfaces modify magnetic field distributions differently. With the same pair of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets, the magnetic induction at the centers are 0.217T, 0.201T, 0.204T, and 0.212T for flat, arc, parabola and hyperbola boots, respectively. The hyperbola boots lead to the most homogeneous results, the static magnetic field deviations are within 0.5% in a cube of 20cm, and can be further improved using shimming techniques. Conclusion: This study supports the concept of an iMRI design. Successful development of iMRI will provide crucial information for tumor delineation in radiation therapy.
A Combinatorial Approach to TCO Synthesis and Characterization

ABSTRACT New and optimized metal-oxide thin films for both transparent-conductor and antireflection coatings have the potential to significantly improve photovoltaic devices. One approach to this task of discovery and improvement is to use a parallel optimization, i.e., a combinatorial, approach. Using internal seed funds, we have developed the initial deposition, characterization and analysis tools necessary for implementing a combinatorial approach to thin-film metal oxides, with a special focus on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). 1. Introduction Transparent conducting oxides [1] play a key role in a number of thin-film opto-electronic devices, including photovoltaics, flat panel displays, low-e windows, electrochromic devices, and anti-static coatings [2]. The bulk of these applications rely on the established n-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), such as SnO 2 :F, ZnO:Al, and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) [3]. For many of these technologies, next-generation devices would be significantly enhanced with improved or new TCOs [4]. This is leading to the investigation of new n-type materials such as Cd
Ontology-Based Deep Restricted Boltzmann Machine

Deep neural networks are known for their capabilities for automatic feature learning from data. For this reason, previous research has tended to interpret deep learning techniques as data-driven methods, while few advances have been made from knowledge-driven perspectives. We propose to design a semantic rich deep learning model from a knowledge driven perspective, by introducing formal semantics into deep learning process. We propose ontology-based deep restricted Boltzmann machine OB-DRBM, in which we use ontology to guide architecture design of deep restricted Boltzmann machines DRBM, as well as to assist in their training and validation processes. Our model learns a set of related semantic-rich data representations from both formal semantics and data distribution. Representations in this set correspond to concepts at various semantic levels in a domain ontology. We show that our model leads to an improved performance, when compared with conventional deep learning models in classification tasks.
Effect of Feeding Lactobacilli on the Coliform and Lactobacillus Flora of Intestinal Tissue and Feces from Piglets 1.

Development of fecal Lactobacillus and coliform in healthy newborn pigs during the first 48 h after birth was studied. Lactobacilli were detected (104 per g) in the feces of newborn pigs as early as 4 h after birth and colifroms by 8 h (105 per g). By 24 h the two types were present in near equal numbers (104 to 105/g). A frozen concentrate of a human isolate of Lactobacillus lactis was fed to piglet litters (8 to 10 animals per litter) from the time of their birth. Bottle feeding resulted in reduced fecal coliforms in nursing pigs but lactobacilli were not increased in number. After 54 days of treatment, the Lactobacillus to coliform ratio (L/C) was 1280:1; in control pigs not fed lactobacilli, the ratio was 2: 1. A continued suppression of coliforms was observed for 30 days after treatment was discontinued. The influence of Lactobacillus on the bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract was studied. With scouring pigs, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EEC) were present in larger numbers in tissue homogenates of the tract than in the lumen. The virulence of the EEC found prosent was confirmed by experimental infection in pigs. In control, nonscouring pigs only non-EEC were isolated from tissue sections. In Lactobacillus -fed pigs, E. coli was reduced to low numbers; also, the few E. coli observed were non-enteropathogenic. There were higher numbers of lactobacilli in tissue sections of Lactobacillus -fed pigs than in control and scouring pigs. The lactobacilli isolated from tissue homogenates of the treated animals resembled biochemically and serologically (fluorescent antibody staining) the Lactobacillus which was fed. Histological studies were done to observe the bacteria in frozen sections of washed intestine obtained from Lactobacillus -fed pigs; staining revealed large numbers of gram-positive bacilli. On the other hand, control pigs which died of scouring revealed many coliform types present. Pigs in groups receiving colostrum and lactobacilli did well; no evidence of diarrhea was seen and many lactobacilli were observed in tissue throughout the small intestine. Even after the challenge with EEC serotype 09:K:NM, these two groups of pigs did not show any signs of disease and few coliform types (cocco-bacillary forms) were observed. Pigs not receiving colostrum but only lactobacilli did not scour before challenge and many lactobacilli were present in tissue from the small intestine. However, 72 h after challenge these latter animals revealed symptons of diarrhea and coliforms were seen in the small intestine tissue in addition to lactobacilli.
Fungal diversity in galls of baldcypress trees

Abstract The baldcypress midge (Taxodiomyia cupressi and Taxodiomyia cupressiananassa) forms a gall that originates from leaf tissue. Female insects may inoculate galls with fungi during oviposition, or endophytes from the leaf tissue may grow into the gall interior. We investigated fungal diversity inside of baldcypress galls, comparing the gall communities to leaves and comparing fungal communities in galls that had successful emergence versus no emergence of midges or parasitoids. Galls of midges that successfully emerged were associated with diverse gall fungal communities, some of which were the same as the fungi found in surrounding leaves. Galls with no insect emergence were characterized by relatively low fungal diversity.
Is Training in a Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Associated with a Career in Primary Care Medicine

T o the EditorWe wholeheartedly agree with Stanley et. al. about how the residency experience seems to dissuade residents from pursuing primary care careers, and agree that graduate medical education reform is imperative. As the authors describe, there are many reasons why this is the case. Training programs overwhelmingly favor hospital-based rotations, with outpatient medicine typically representing not more than one-third of training time. Simply increasing ambulatory time does not address the challenges that discourage residents from pursuing primary care careers. Additionally, many residency clinics provide care to socioeconomically disadvantaged patients with complex needs. Expecting trainees to be confident and fully engaged in ambulatory care with our current training models is unrealistic. We have designed a primary care training program to address these challenges, with >50 % of the training in the ambulatory environment. To prepare primary care residents for complex disease management in an ambulatory setting, our residents participate in year-long longitudinal subspecialty ambulatory electives with subspecialty preceptors, as opposed to hospital-based subspecialty electives. These subspecialty preceptors have become resources for our residents, allowing them to experience the importance of teamwork and collaboration in primary care. We have implemented a second primary care continuity site to expose residents to diverse patient populations and ambulatory environments. To preserve the passion for advocacy that residents possess, we have integrated a community project into our program. Protected time allows residents to pursue advocacy projects of their choice. Examples of projects include a Spanish/English language and cultural exchange program, a high school nutrition curriculum, promoting health education in a homeless shelter and volunteering services to a local free clinic. Each self-selected project helps to keep our residents grounded in what initially attracted them to primary care. Mentorship is an essential feature of our program. Just as residents are encouraged to pursue subspecialty careers, it is equally important to enthusiastically encourage primary care careers. Quarterly get-togethers with the primary care codirectors are instrumental in maintaining engagement. During these dinners, we discuss medical, political and cultural issues in primary care, facilitate dialogue about career goals and promote peer group mentoring. We have graduated two classes of primary care residents to date, and 80 % of our graduates have pursued primary care careers. Additionally, several categorical residents have transferred into our program, while none of the primary care residents have left. We believe that continued innovation and mentorship will help to successfully build and maintain resident interest in primary care.
A semi-empirical model for two-phase heat transfer from arrays of confined impinging jets

Two-phase jet impingement is a compact cooling approach that provides high-heat-flux dissipation at manageable pressure drop. The heat transfer behavior of an impinging jet array is dependent on a set of geometrical parameters, operating conditions, and fluid properties. In the present study, a semi-empirical approach is developed to predict heat transfer from arrays of jets of liquid that undergoes phase change upon impingement. In the model, the jet array is divided into unit cells centered on each orifice that are assumed to behave identically. The impingement surface in each unit cell is divided into two distinctive regions: a single-phase heat transfer region directly under the jet, and a surrounding boiling heat transfer region along the periphery. Available correlations from the literature are used to estimate the heat transfer coefficient and surface temperature distribution in each region, and the mean surface temperature of the unit cell is estimated via area-averaging. The location of transition to boiling predicted by the model is consistent with prior experimental observations of an inward-creeping boiling front. The model results are first compared against existing experimental data in the literature, and the area-averaged thermal performance is found to be well-predicted. Additional experiments are also performed to evaluate the limits of applicability of the model. The semi-empirical modeling approach developed in this work successfully represents the different heat transfer modes and transitions that occur during two-phase jet impingement.
Agricultural diversification and dietary diversity: A feminist political ecology of the everyday experiences of landless and smallholder households in northern Ghana

Abstract There is an emerging literature suggesting that when smallholder households diversify their agriculture, a wide range of food groups will be available, and consequently, dietary diversity will be improved. The present article brings this literature into critical conversation with research in feminist political ecology. Grounded in five years of repeated fieldwork, the article weaves together 70 in-depth interviews, and dietary as well as farm production diversity data from 30 households in northern Ghana. This dataset is analyzed by considering not only the diversity of farming systems, but also household headship, including male-headed, de facto female-headed, and de jure female-headed. Among other findings, the paper suggests that dietary diversity scores are lowest for households who have lost their farmlands to on-going land grabbing in Ghana. Furthermore, the paper suggests that while agricultural diversification is essential, it is not sufficient in itself to address nutritional challenges confronting smallholder households. In the contested and political arena of the household, the gendered politics of access to food can deeply shape how agricultural diversification contributes to dietary diversity. Overall, I do not wish to conclude that there are no benefits of increasing the diversity of farm production. Rather, I wish to stress that farm production diversity might not be the best or only strategy to improving dietary diversity among rural households. Through this case study, I also contribute to emerging research in new feminist political ecologies by demonstrating how the intersection of gender, seniority, marital status, and sexual politics shapes resource access and control.
Soybean sphingolipid content as affected by palmitate content and by seed development stage

14 INTRODUCTION 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 27 LITERATURE CITED 27 CHAPTER 3. EFFECT OF SEED DEVELOPMENT STAGE ON SPHINGOLIPID AND PHOSPHOLIPID CONTENTS IN SOYBEAN SEEDS 36 ABSTRACT 36 INTRODUCTION 37 MATERIALS AND METHODS 38 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 48 LITERATURE CITED 48 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 5736 INTRODUCTION 37 MATERIALS AND METHODS 38 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 48 LITERATURE CITED 48 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 57 APPENDIX A. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLES FOR CHAPTER 2 58 APPENDIX B. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TABLES AND ADDITIONAL 59 DATA FOR CHAPTER 3
Photoelectrochemical studies on earth abundant pentanickel polyoxometalates as co-catalysts for solar water oxidation

The present contribution reports results from photoelectrochemical studies on anatase TiO2 photoanodes for solar water oxidation in the presence of an earth abundant homogeneous pentanickel silicotungstate molecular water oxidation catalyst K10H2[Ni5(OH)6(OH2)3(Si2W18O66)]·34H2O (Ni5-POM). Highly robust anatase TiO2 thin films were prepared in situ on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (F : SnO2 or FTO) by spin coating and thermal annealing. The as-prepared films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Under simulated solar irradiation, a maximum photocurrent of 0.20 mA cm−2 was obtained from FTO/TiO2 photoanodes in the presence of 20 μM Ni5-POM-0.050 M pH 9.0 borate buffer electrolyte at 0.70 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl), which was a 2.3 times increase in photocurrent as compared to that without using the Ni5-POM catalyst. The use of the catalyst also significantly shifted the onset potential of water oxidation to a much negative potential value with respect to −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. As verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the above results could be attributed to the effect of the catalyst on decreasing electron–hole recombination and facilitating the hole utilization rate on the semiconductor TiO2–electrolyte interface upon light illumination. Dissolved oxygen produced from the FTO/TiO2–Ni5-POM system was detected with an oxygen sensor. This is the first report on the use of the homogeneous water oxidation catalyst Ni5-POM as a functional co-catalyst for photoelectrochemical water oxidation with semiconductor photoanodes.
Extracting Commands from Gestures: Gesture Spotting and Recognition for Real-Time Music Performance

Our work allows an interactive music system to spot and recognize “command” gestures from musicians in real time. The system gives the musician gestural control over sound and the flexibility to make distinct changes during the performance by interpreting gestures as discrete commands. We combine a gesture threshold model with a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm for gesture spotting and classification. The following problems are addressed: i) how to recognize discrete commands embedded within continuous gestures, and ii) an automatic threshold and feature selection method based on F-measure to find good system parameters according to training data.
A Possible Secondary Role for Thymine-Containing DNA Precursors

Multienzyme complexes are involved in DNA replication and have been described in both uninfected [50] and T4-infected [59] Escherichia coli. These complexes comprise a variety of proteins including DNA binding, unwinding, priming, and polymerizing activities. The existence of multienzyme complexes for generating DNA precursors and/or channeling such DNA precursors has also been demonstrated in several systems [41, 52, 63, 65, 80, 96, 97] including T4-infected cells [4, 5, 20, 21, 38, 66, 71, 73, 74, 94, 95, 103, 106, 115, 116]. The presence of a DNA precursor complex greatly reduces the diffusion of sequentially synthesized reactants and results in an efficient funneling of DNA precursors to the replication apparatus [94]. The nature of the coupling between DNA precursor production and utilization during DNA synthesis has not yet been established.
Available bandwidth estimation in public clouds

Recent years have witnessed a rapid increase of public cloud adoption as a result of the growing user demands and numerous advantages of public cloud computing. However, the great benefits of public cloud computing come at the cost of little visibility of the underlying network resources. Motivated by the strong desire of users to gain more information of the network resources, in this paper we experimentally study whether the current Available Bandwidth Estimation Tools (ABETs) can accurately estimate the available bandwidth of public clouds. We find that the current ABETs do not work well in public clouds, and their inaccuracy is caused mainly by the two fundamental virtualization techniques, computer virtualization and network virtualization. Our study has also provided us with important insights into improving the accuracy of the current ABETs or designing new ABETs on public clouds.
Unsupervised Machine learning to subtype Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Objective: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is highly prevalent in critically ill patients with sepsis. Sepsis-associated AKI is a heterogeneous clinical entity, and, like many complex syndromes, is composed of distinct subtypes. We aimed to agnostically identify AKI subphenotypes using machine learning techniques and routinely collected data in electronic health records (EHRs). Design: Cohort study utilizing the MIMIC-III Database. Setting: ICUs from tertiary care hospital in the U.S. Patients: Patients older than 18 years with sepsis and who developed AKI within 48 hours of ICU admission. Interventions: Unsupervised machine learning utilizing all available vital signs and laboratory measurements. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 1,865 patients with sepsis-associated AKI. Ten vital signs and 691 unique laboratory results were identified. After data processing and feature selection, 59 features, of which 28 were measures of intra-patient variability, remained for inclusion into an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm. We utilized k-means clustering with k ranging from 2 to 10; k=2 had the highest silhouette score (0.62). Cluster 1 had 1,358 patients while Cluster 2 had 507 patients. There were no significant differences between clusters on age, race or gender. We found significant differences in comorbidities and small but significant differences in several laboratory variables (hematocrit, bicarbonate, albumin) and vital signs (systolic blood pressure and heart rate). In-hospital mortality was higher in cluster 2 patients, 25% vs. 20%, p=0.008. Features with the largest differences between clusters included variability in basophil and eosinophil counts, alanine aminotransferase levels and creatine kinase values. Conclusions: Utilizing routinely collected laboratory variables and vital signs in the EHR, we were able to identify two distinct subphenotypes of sepsis-associated AKI with different outcomes. Variability in laboratory variables, as opposed to their actual value, was more important for determination of subphenotypes. Our findings show the potential utility of unsupervised machine learning to better subtype AKI.
Theory, History, and Realities of Transgender Individuals

This chapter presents a variety of queer theories utilized to explain the complexities of gender, unfix gender from traditional binarization (“male” versus “female”), and examine the problems associated with internalization of rigid gender norms. This is done in order to situate the struggles of the research partners in our study on a theoretical platform. The chapter clarifies the differences between sex, gender, and sexual orientation, and explores the gender identity spectrum. It presents an explanation of the challenging relationship between the psychology profession and the transgender community, including the problematic diagnosis and treatment of trans children. Struggles and barriers of trans individuals are discussed, including harassment, bullying, homelessness, and increased rates of mental illness and incarceration. The chapter concludes with the positive and negative ramifications of the recent upsurge of trans individuals on film and television.
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (IUS) in a patient with uterine didelphys: A case report.

Abstract This case demonstrates the use of a single levonorgestrel 13.5 mg intrauterine system (IUS) for contraception in a patient with uterine didelphys. IUS are contraindicated for use with Congenital Mullerian uterine anomalies, but there is very limited evidence to support this restriction.
Highly Thermostable Dynamic Structures of Polyaramid Two-Dimensional Polymers

This is the first comparative study of a chemically homologous series of linear and two-dimensional polyaramids at high temperatures. Detailed comparisons are made in the bulk and at free surface e...
Obesity Among Inpatient Pediatrics: Prevalence and Predictors of Provider Recognition and Management

Purpose/Objectives: Childhood obesity affects 17% of children nationwide and impacts clinical outcomes of both surgical and medical conditions; yet, rarely is it documented or discussed by providers in the inpatient setting. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of obesity in hospitalized children, patterns of physician documentation of obesity, and patient characteristics associated with provider documentation and management of obesity. Design/Methods: This retrospective chart review examined medical records for patients discharged in 2012-2014, ages 2-18 years. …
CAD for Side-Channel Leakage Assessment

Power side-channel attacks (SCAs) have been proven to be effective at extracting secret keys from hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate if the hardware is vulnerable to SCAs during its design and validation stages. Ideally, this validation should be performed as early as the pre-silicon stage. In this chapter, we present some existing techniques for PSCL assessment and discuss in depth on two CAD frameworks called SCRIPT and RTL-PSC which evaluates information leakage through side-channel analysis at pre-silicon stage.
Characterisation of a hybrid plant-based asphalt binder replacement with high reactive phenolic monomer content

The present study was undertaken to formulate a hybrid plant-based modifier to replace at least 20% of a non-polymer-modified asphalt binder (non-PMB). Different amounts of two types of lignin (L1 ...
Working with Coronavirus Lost and Found: A Pandemic Archive in the Trauma-Informed Classroom

Coronavirus Lost and Found (pandemicarchive.com) is an online public archive where anyone can log anything they’ve lost or found as a result of the pandemic. With over 220 distinctive entries from writers across the country and the world, the archive serves as a candid, diverse, and accessible record of lived experiences during the pandemic. This article explores the potential uses of Coronavirus Lost and Found and a lost/found framing of pandemic stories in trauma-informed classrooms. Resonating with the trauma-informed teaching principles of voice, empowerment, support, connection, and growth, Coronavirus Lost and Found is an invitation for students and teachers to reflect on their own experiences, to grieve the things they have lost, and to recognize the many ways they have learned to sustain themselves and others through an exceedingly difficult time.
Metrics of Communication Performance

Metrics of voice communications between pilots and air traffic control provide important indices of NAS system performance. They help to characterize current operations, define requirements for fut...
The Consequences of Culture: Legal History, Labor Law, and the Contributions of Christopher Tomlins

This article reviews three books on labor law written by Christopher Tomlins. They are, in order of publication, The State and the Unions: Labor Relations, Law, and the Organized Labor Movement in America, 1880–1960 (1985); Law, Labor, and Ideology in the Early American Republic (1993); and Freedom Bound: Law, Labor, and Civic Identity in Colonizing English America, 1580–1865 (2010). Tomlins has been an influential figure in the movement known as “critical legal studies” and has helped shape a new approach to the field of labor history, labor law, and the study of US workers. Over the span of twenty-five years, Tomlins’s research has been central to evolving theories of law and social interaction and has continuing relevance to more recent scholarly developments such as the field of “cultural cognition” studies.