cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus by the Parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Soybean

Transmission of Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) by the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) to Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae was examined. Mortality from NPV occurred in larvae exposed to Heliothis NPV-contaminated female parasitoids in the laboratory and on soybean in the field. In single-plant and large-cage field tests, mortality from Heliothis NPV in larvae exposed to virus-contaminated parasitoids was higher when the parasitoid's entire body surface had been artificially contaminated with virus than when only the parasitoid's ovipositor and surrounding area were artificially contaminated or when the parasitoid was previously allowed to oviposit in Heliothis NPV-infected larvae. The level of mortality from Heliothis NPV in caged larvae also increased as the parasitoid density in the cage increased from 0.25 to 3.0 per meter of row.
Chloramphenicol-related changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure.

An electron-microscopic examination of bone marrow mitochondria derived from 10 patients before and after chloramphenicol (CAP) therapy has shown that CAP induces an ultrastructural modification resulting in an increase in the density of the mitochondrial matrix. These changes resemble the condensed mitochondrial configurations which have previously been interpreted in terms of electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation. However, in the concentrations employed in this study, CAP has no effect on mitochondrial respiration or on oxidative phosphorylation, but is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Evidence relating this effect of the drug to its myelotoxicity has been supported by a comparative study demonstrating lack of effect of a drug such as tetracycline which is not known to be myelotoxic, and the excellent correlation between the extensiveness of mitochondrial changes in the marrow and the serum level of free CAP. The results were confirmed in a parallel study on insect flight muscle mitochondria, in which the metabolic state under which the drug is administered can be con trolled and where the regular disposition of the mitochondrial cristae provides an ideal model for the study of configurational changes.
Using Timely Survey-Based Information Networks to Collect Data on Best Practices for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Illustrative Case From the American College of Emergency Physicians' Ebola Surveys.

OBJECTIVE: Using the example of surveys conducted by the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) regarding the management of Ebola cases in the United States, we aimed to demonstrate how survey-based information networks can provide timely data to inform best practices in responding to public health emergencies. METHODS: ACEP conducted 3 surveys among its members in October to November 2014 to assess the state of Ebola preparedness in emergency departments. We analyzed the surveys to illustrate the types of information that can be gleaned from such surveys. We analyzed qualitative data through theme extraction and collected quantitative results through cross-tabulations and logistic regression examining associations between outcomes and potential contributing factors. RESULTS: In the first survey, most respondents perceived their hospital as being reasonably prepared for Ebola. The second survey revealed significant associations between a hospital's preparedness and its perceived ability to admit Ebola patients. The third survey identified 3 hospital characteristics that were significantly and independently associated with perceived ability to admit Ebola patients: large size, previous Ebola screening experience, and physician- and nurse-led hospital preparedness. CONCLUSION: Professional associations can use their member networks to collect timely survey data to inform best practices during and immediately after public health emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 10). Language: en
Implications of research in self-disclosure for group psychotherapy.

(1973). Implications of Research in Self-Disclosure for Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 306-321.
On Adopting Heretical Methods: From Barefoot to Militant to Detective Anthropology

A persistent theme that has defined my lifework, derived from a tradition of critical theory, is a concern with the little violences of everyday life. In my work on mother love and child death in Brazil (Scheper-Hughes 1993) I used the concept of “everyday violence” to refer to the routinization and normalization of violence through institutions, bureaucracies, and professionals—the agents of the social consensus, politicians, teachers, agronomic engineers, urban planners, sugar plantation managers, civil servants, physicians and surgeons, municipal coffin makers. When plywood coffins were produced in great number, and distributed freely to afflicted families on the Alto do Cruzeiro, structural violence was amplified by symbolic violence—here—the coffins for your children are ready and waiting. When tranquilizers and appetite stimulants were prescribed for hungry babies by doctors in the municipal clinic, we enter the moral and ethical grey zone shared between the mothers who were desirous of the drugs and the doctors who were more than happy to supply them.
A Simplified Method for Growing Dendritic Cells from Rat Bone Marrow

Bone marrow (BM) derived dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent stimulator cells of primary mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) and also serve as powerful antigen-presenting cells in the priming of CD4+ T cells in vivo. The investigation of mechanisms by which DC function, both in vivo and in vitro, requires optimal conditions for culture of these cells so that large numbers can be produced for analysis. With the availability of recombinant (r) GM-CSF, several reports have shown that it is possible to grow many DC from murine1 and human2 BM. Although murine rGM-CSF has been used in the rat to promote the survival of lymph-borne DC for up to 72 hours3, until this report cytokines have not been used to enhance the DC yield from fresh rat BM cultures.
Patient and Provider Perspectives on Communication About Body Image With Adolescents and Young Adults With Cystic Fibrosis.

Objective This mixed-methods study examined perspectives of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and health care providers on body image communication. Methods Interviews and questionnaires were completed by 20 AYAs and 28 providers. Results Although 85% of patients reported they had never had a body image conversation with a health care provider, 74% of providers reported discussing this topic with patients. Patients and providers described body image as an important issue, which should be discussed comfortably and supportively. However, patients often preferred to discuss body image as a distinct topic, separate from physical health, whereas providers preferred integrating body image conversations within weight- and health-based discussions. Conclusions Body image is an important topic for AYAs with CF that often goes unaddressed or addressed in ways that are less preferred by patients. Providers should reduce barriers to effective communication about this important topic, particularly through increased awareness of AYA preferences.
Teaching Girls About Puberty and Menstrual Hygiene Management in Rural Ethiopia: Findings From a Pilot Evaluation:

Educational interventions on menstruation and puberty have emerged as an important element of efforts to improve girls’ knowledge and confidence related to puberty, menstruation, and menstrual hygi...
Archaeology and the local community in Africa: A retrospective

One of my abiding principles in research has been to involve the community as much as possible. History is not the preserve of the investigator but it represents the identity and integrity of the p...
Facilitators and Barriers to Cigarette Smoking While Pregnant for Women With Substance Use Disorders

Introduction Cigarette smoking among pregnant women diagnosed with substance use disorders (SUD) is four times higher than smoking among pregnant women without SUD. However, much of the literature on pregnancy and smoking has centered on the latter group. This study used the Health Belief Model as a framework to explore smoking cessation in pregnant women with SUD. Methods Four 60-minute focus groups were conducted with a semistructured moderator guide. Participants (N = 21) were women who smoked during pregnancy, gave birth within the past year, and were residing at a women's SUD treatment center. A directed content analysis approach was utilized for examining focus group data. Results Similar to women without SUD, barriers to smoking cessation were smoking behaviors of partners and using cigarettes to cope with stress; reasons to stop included the child's health. Participants reported that having children gave them a sense of purpose and their guilt about smoking became stronger once the child was born. Smoking also provided them with a sense of freedom. Women's triggers for smoking were interconnected with those of other addictive substances. Women identified behaviors that helped and hindered them. Conclusions Lack of internalization of the negative effects of smoking was a barrier to stopping, indicating a need for health literacy. Furthermore, women struggled with the perception of tobacco as a drug as compared with other addictive substances. Exploring facilitators and barriers to smoking cessation among pregnant women with SUD is critical to the health and well-being of this vulnerable population. Implications This study adds to the literature by identifying childbirth as an opportunity to address smoking for women with SUD. Furthermore, it supports the interconnectedness of triggers for smoking with those of other addictive substances, and the perceptual barrier tobacco is often not viewed as a drug by women with SUD. Findings demonstrate a need for increased health literacy and enhanced external supports around smoking cessation for this population.
A Pattern Approach to Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts

Patients with gallbladder and biliary disease may present with complaints of right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, fever, jaundice, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting, or they may be asymptomatic with only laboratory abnormalities. Ultrasound (US), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with or without magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may be used for noninvasive evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms of gallbladder and biliary disease. In many instances, noninvasive imaging will establish the diagnosis prior to endoscopic or surgical intervention. The differential diagnosis for these patients is broad and includes infectious, noninfectious inflammatory, neoplastic, and congenital disorders of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the approach to differential diagnosis of commonly encountered patterns during gallbladder and bile duct imaging: gallbladder wall thickening, gallbladder polyps and masses, extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, and bile duct strictures. Diseases that cause these patterns are reviewed.
What's in a Name? Correlates of Ecstasy Users Knowing or Agreeing that Molly is Ecstasy/MDMA.

ABSTRACTEcstasy (MDMA) has regained popularity in powder and crystalline form, known as Molly. However, it is unknown whether all Molly users are aware that Molly is ecstasy. A total of 1045 nightclub/festival-attending adults in New York City were surveyed about ecstasy/MDMA/Molly use in 2016. Users were asked if they agreed that “Molly is (or is supposed to be) ecstasy/MDMA.” Of the 43.5% reporting lifetime use, 84.6% agreed that Molly is ecstasy, 9.5% disagreed, and 5.9% reported not knowing that Molly is ecstasy. Prevalence of use of other drugs (e.g., ketamine, opioids, methamphetamine, NBOMe, 2C series) was lowest among those not knowing that Molly is ecstasy, and highest among those not agreeing that Molly is ecstasy. Those not knowing that Molly is ecstasy were less likely to have used powder or crystal MDMA and less likely to have used in the past 12 months or to report intention to use again. Those disagreeing or not knowing that Molly is ecstasy were at over six times the odds of obtaining ecst...
Abstract TP291: Swallow Screens: A Hard Act to Follow a Collaborative Effort Between the Stroke Program and the Emergency Department

Background: After stroke, up to 65 percent of stroke patients suffer dysphagia, with increased risk of aspiration pneumonia and disability. Aspiration risk is reduced by swallow assessment on every...
Louise M. Slaughter (1929-2018).

Elected to the U.S. 100th Congress in 1986, Representative Louise M. Slaughter (D–NY) fought for the health and safety of all Americans, with a special dedication to women's issues. She died on 16 March at age 88, the oldest sitting member of Congress, serving her 16th term in the House of Representatives.
Order varieties generated by finite posets

In a 1981 paper, Duffus and Rival define an order variety as a class of posets that is closed under the formation of products and retracts. They also introduce the notion of an irreducible poset. In the present paper we define nonextendible colored posets and certain minimal nonextendible colored posets that we call zigzags. We characterize via nonextendible colored posets the order varieties generated by a set of posets. If the generating set contains only finite posets our characterization is via zigzags. By using these theorems we give a characterization of finite irreducible posets.
Characterization of Idiotypes and VH Genes of Various Members of A48-Idiotypic Network Pathway

The analysis of the immunochemical properties of four members of the A48 idiotypic pathway, viz. A48-β2-6 fructosan-binding monoclonal protein (Ab1) and polyclonal syngeneic Ab’s — anti-Id (Ab2), anti(anti-Id) (Ab3) and anti[anti(anti-Id)] (Ab4) — showed that Ab1 and Ab3 shared A48 idiotypes while both Ab2 and Ab4 bound to Ab1.
Developmental Changes in Acetylcholine Receptor Channel Properties of Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle

In 1972 Katz and Miledi reported by analyzing the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced voltage noise in frog skeletal muscle that the elementary voltage changes were greater in denervated muscle than in innervated muscle. This observation was interpreted as an increased duration of the underlying elementary conductance change following denervation. This was later substantiated by noise analysis of ACh-induced membrane current (Neher and Sak-mann, 1976a). The duration of the elementary current calculated from ACh-induced current noise at the extrajunctional membrane was about four times longer and somewhat smaller in the unitary size than the junctional counterpart. Thus, this was the first indication that two types of channels exist in adult frog muscle following denervation. Subsequently, embryonic rat muscle, which has receptors in the extrajunctional region as well as at the junction, was found to have two types of ACh receptor channels in noise analysis studies (Sakmann and Brenner, 1978; Schuetze, 1980). It was found that embryonic-type channels (which were similar to the extrajunctional channels on denervated muscle) were either replaced by or modified into adult-type channels with a shorter apparent mean open time.
Direct Comparison of SIRT2 Inhibitors: Potency, Specificity, Activity‐Dependent Inhibition, and On‐Target Anticancer Activities

Sirtuin inhibitors have attracted much interest due to the involvement of sirtuins in various biological processes. Several SIRT2-selective inhibitors have been developed, and some exhibit anticancer activities. To facilitate the choice of inhibitors in future studies and the development of better inhibitors, we directly compared several reported SIRT2-selective inhibitors: AGK2, SirReal2, Tenovin-6, and TM. In vitro, TM is the most potent and selective inhibitor, and only TM could inhibit the demyristoylation activity of SIRT2. SirReal2, Tenovin-6, and TM all showed cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, with Tenovin-6 being the most potent, but only TM showed cancer-cell-specific toxicity. All four compounds inhibited the anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells, but the effect of TM was most significantly affected by SIRT2 overexpression, suggesting that the anticancer effect of TM depends more on SIRT2 inhibition. These results not only provide useful guidance about choosing the right SIRT2 inhibitor in future studies, but also suggest general practices that should be followed for small-molecule inhibitor development activities.
Histone modification signatures in human sperm distinguish clinical abnormalities

Alternations to the paternal epigenome, specifically the components of sperm chromatin, can lead to infertility in humans and potentially transmit aberrant information to the embryo. One key component of sperm chromatin is the post-translational modification of histones (PTMs). We previously identified a comprehensive profile of histone PTMs in normozoospermic sperm; however, only specific histone PTMs have been identified in abnormal sperm by antibody-based approaches and comprehensive changes to histone PTM profiles remain unknown. Here, we investigate if sperm with abnormalities of total motility, progressive motility, and morphology have altered histone PTM profiles compared to normozoospermic sperm samples. Discarded semen samples from 31 men with normal or abnormal semen parameters were analyzed for relative abundance of PTMs on histone H3 and H4 by “bottom-up” nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Asthenoteratozoospermic samples (abnormal motility, forward progression, and morphology, n = 6) displayed overall decreased H4 acetylation (p = 0.001) as well as alterations in H4K20 (p = 0.003) and H3K9 methylation (p < 0.04) when compared to normozoospermic samples (n = 8). Asthenozoospermic samples (abnormal motility and progression, n = 5) also demonstrated decreased H4 acetylation (p = 0.04) and altered H4K20 (p = 0.005) and H3K9 methylation (p < 0.04). Samples with isolated abnormal progression (n = 6) primarily demonstrated decreased acetylation on H4 (p < 0.02), and teratozoospermic samples (n = 6) appeared similar to normozoospermic samples (n = 8). Sperm samples with combined and isolated abnormalities of total motility, progressive motility, and morphology display distinct and altered histone PTM signatures compared to normozoospermic sperm. This provides evidence that alterations in histone PTMs may be important for normal sperm function and fertility.
Role of Rhoa G17V in Cell Migration and Transformation in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive form of peripheral T-cell lymphoma derived from the malignant transformation of follicular helper T-cells (TFH), frequently associated with autoimmune disease and characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. A recurrent RHOA G17V mutation in the RHOA small GTPase gene is characteristically present in 70% of AITL cases, frequently in association with loss of function mutations in the Tet2 epigenetic regulator. Expression of Rhoa G17V in CD4+ T cells in a conditional Rhoaco-G17V/+ knockin mice induces TFH cell specification and increased proliferation. A pathogenic role for Rhoa G17V in cooperation with loss of Tet2 is demonstrated by the development of AITL in a CD4+ specific Rhoa G17V Tet2 knockout mice. However, the specific effector mechanisms driving TFH specification and T-cell transformation downstream of Rhoa G17V remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate a novel role for Rhoa G17V as a modulator of signaling cascades initiated by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an important lipid mediator of lymphocyte trafficking. Specifically we show that expression of Rhoa G17V results in impaired S1P receptor internalization with the consequent up-regulation of S1P-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, and of potential therapeutic relevance, targeted inhibition of S1P signaling in Tet2-/-RHOA G17V mouse AITL cells induces apoptosis and reduces tumor load in vivo. In all, these results uncover a previously unrecognized role for S1P signaling downstream of Rhoa G17V in AITL tumor cell migration and survival, and support the role of S1P receptors as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Neutral Hydrogen Filaments and Dynamics of Galactic Bennett Pinches

The filamentary nature of the diffuse interstellar neutral hydrogen (HI) is apparent in the Atlas of Galactic Neutral Hydrogen maps, known as the Leiden-Dwingeloo or L-D survey of Hartmann and Burton (1997). This validates the hypothesis by Carlqvist and Gahm (1992) that the existence and stability of galactic filaments is dependent on large-scale cosmic currents.
The Death Collectors: The Material Culture of War as a Means of Reclaiming Agency in Eastern Ukraine

To download this paper, please, click here . This article explores the material culture of war in the civilian context in eastern Ukraine. Preserving, collecting and creatively transforming pieces of armament and other military objects has become a very common activity among the population of the war zone in the region of Donbass. Military conflict here continues for more than five years directly affecting about four million people on the ground. Drawing on data from my fieldwork on both sides of the frontline enduring since the outbreak of the conflict, I investigate the cultural and social meanings behind the engagement with war artefacts in the frontline communities. I scrutinize this phenomenon through four angles: (1) collection of material objects as a means to deal with trauma and gain symbolic power over these objects, (2) material culture of the Second World War and its special meaning in post-Soviet Ukraine, (3) physicality of materiel as evidence of human rights violations in the war zone, and (4) recontextualization of the objects of war by assigning a different function to them. I conclude that engagement with material objects of violence serves for the people affected by the war as a symbolical reassertion of agency and control over their lives.
Advanced Saddle-Point Methods for the Asymptotic Evaluation of Single Contour Integrals

The integral representation developed in the previous chapters is an exact, formal solution to the problem of electromagnetic pulse propagation in homogeneous, isotropic, temporally dispersive media filling all space. However, an exact analytic evaluation of the resulting integral is not possible for realistic initial pulse shapes. Consequently, an approximate evaluation of the integral representation for a given initial pulse envelope is necessary in order to determine the behavior of the phenomena of primary interest, e.g., the properties of the precursor fields, the arrival of the main signal, and the evolution of the pulse. There are two possible approaches to accomplish this approximate evaluation. The first is a direct numerical evaluation of the integral representation; such a numerical integration is difficult to accurately do, however and can be done for only one initial pulse envelope and carrier frequency and one set of medium parameters at a time. Since the dependance of the propagation characteristics on these parameters is complicated, such an approach would require many calculations in order to obtain a general knowledge of dispersive pulse-propagation phenomena. The alternate approach is an asymptotic analysis of the integral representation for any given initial pulse envelop. This approach is also difficult to accomplish, but it yields analytic approximations for the propagated field that display clearly all of the basic features of the propagation phenomena as a function of the medium parameters and the applied signal frequency.
Social and Solitary Exercise among the Unemployed and Out of the Labor Force in the United States: Estimates by Gender and Partnership Status

Abstract Introduction: The negative effects of unemployment are significant, and the potential for increased morbidity and mortality is a major public health challenge. Negative effects may be partially attributable to health behavior change and loss of social ties. Exercise has positive physical and mental health benefits and could help buffer such negative effects. This study examines whether time in social and solitary exercise varies by unemployment and out of the labor force (OOLF) status because exercise, especially social exercise, provides health benefits. Methods: Gender-stratified ordinary least squares models are estimated using data from the nationally representative 2003-2016 American Time Use Surveys to test how own and partner employment status are associated with total time in exercise, exercise alone, with children, with a partner, and with others. Results: Unemployed and OOLF men spend significantly more time in exercise alone (3-9 minutes, p<.05) and with others (about 13 minutes, p<.001) compared to employed men. Unemployed women spend significantly more time in exercise with others (6 minutes, p<.05), and OOLF women in all types of social exercise (1-9 minutes, p<.05), compared to employed women. Conclusions: Unemployed and OOLF individuals engage in more social exercise, which could be leveraged to help buffer loss of social ties and improve health. Exercise-related interventions may help reduce negative health consequences of unemployment. Keywords: physical activity, employment, American Time Use Survey
Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress.

Abstract Background Stress is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and can lead to lasting alterations in autonomic function and in extreme cases symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a potentially useful tool as a modulator of autonomic nervous system function, however currently available implantable devices are limited by cost and inconvenience. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on autonomic responses to stress. Methods Using a double-blind approach, we investigated the effects of active or sham tcVNS on peripheral cardiovascular and autonomic responses to stress using wearable sensing devices in 24 healthy human participants with a history of exposure to psychological trauma. Participants were exposed to acute stressors over a three-day period, including personalized scripts of traumatic events, public speech, and mental arithmetic tasks. Results tcVNS relative to sham applied immediately after traumatic stress resulted in a decrease in sympathetic function and modulated parasympathetic/sympathetic autonomic tone as measured by increased pre-ejection period (PEP) of the heart (a marker of cardiac sympathetic function) of 4.2 ms (95% CI 1.6–6.8 ms, p Conclusion Wearable sensing modalities are feasible to use in experiments in human participants, and tcVNS modulates cardiovascular and peripheral autonomic responses to stress.
Application of Expert Systems Technology in Water Quality Modeling

Computerized modeling is becoming an integral part of decision making in water pollution control. Expert systems is an innovative methodology that can assist in building, using, and interpreting the output of these models. This paper reviews the use and evaluates the potential of expert systems technology in environmental modeling and describes elements of an expert advisor for the stream water quality model QUAL2E. Some general conclusions are presented about the tools available to develop this system, the level of available technology in knowledge-based engineering, and the value of approaching problems from a knowledge engineering perspective.
Graphene-based sensing of oxygen transport through pulmonary membranes

Lipid-protein complexes are the basis of pulmonary surfactants covering the respiratory surface and mediating gas exchange in lungs. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial lipid overexpressed in mammalian lungs infected by bacterial pneumonia. In addition, increased oxygen supply (hyperoxia) is a pathological factor also critical in bacterial pneumonia. In this paper we fabricate a micrometer-size graphene-based sensor to measure oxygen permeation through pulmonary membranes. Combining oxygen sensing, X-ray scattering, and Atomic Force Microscopy, we show that mammalian pulmonary membranes suffer a structural transformation induced by cardiolipin. We observe that cardiolipin promotes the formation of periodic protein–free inter–membrane contacts with rhombohedral symmetry. Membrane contacts, or stalks, promote a significant increase in oxygen gas permeation which may bear significance for alveoli gas exchange imbalance in pneumonia. Changes in the pulmonary membrane, caused by bacterial infection, form part of the pathology of pneumonia. Here, the authors report on a graphene-based oxygen sensor which is used along with X-ray diffraction and AFM to measure the structural changes and changes in oxygen permeability of pulmonary membranes associated with bacterial pneumonia.
Brexit, Liminality, and Ambiguities of Belonging: French Citizens in London

The Brexit process has affected the lives of “middling” mobile Europeans living in the UK, who have experienced uncertainty as their legal status and social position have shifted. Based on ethnographic research during the years 2015–2020 among French citizens living in London, I draw upon the concepts of liminality, social drama, and precarity to analyze the effects of the unfolding events triggered by the United Kingdom’s 2016 referendum to leave the European Union (Brexit) on their everyday lives and trajectories. Although there is much diversity among the French in London, my longitudinal perspective suggests that the social drama of the Brexit process raises questions about the precarity of the mobile EU middle class and the strength of their European and national affiliations.
Repression of lysosomal transcription factors Tfeb and Tfe3 is essential for the development and function of microglia

SUMMARY As the primary phagocytic cells of the central nervous system, microglia exquisitely regulate their lysosomal activity to facilitate brain development and homeostasis. However, mechanisms that coordinate lysosomal activity with microglia development, migration, and function remain unclear. Here we show that embryonic macrophages require the lysosomal GTPase RagA and the GTPase-activating protein Folliculin (Flcn) for colonization of the brain. Mutants lacking RagA and Flcn have nearly identical phenotypes, suggesting that RagA and Flcn act in concert in developing microglia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RagA and Flcn repress the key lysosomal transcription factor Tfeb, and its homologs Tfe3a and Tfe3b, in macrophages. Accordingly, defects in rraga mutants can be restored by simultaneous mutations in tfeb, tfe3a, and tfe3b, and overexpression of tfe3b in the macrophage lineage recapitulates the major defects observed in rraga and flcn mutants. Collectively, our data define a lysosomal regulatory circuit that is essential for early development of microglia.
High-Energy Delbrück Scattering Close to the Forward Direction

Delbr\"uck scattering is the elastic scattering of a photon by a static Coulomb field via electron-positron pair creation. At high energies, there are two natural scales for the momentum transfer $\ensuremath{\Delta}$, namely, $m$ and $\frac{{m}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$, where $m$ is the mass of the electron, and $\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the photon energy. When $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much larger than the smaller scale $\frac{{m}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$, the impact factor representation holds at high energies. The impact picture is here extended to give also the high-energy behavior of the Delbr\"uck scattering amplitude when $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is comparable to $\frac{{m}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$. The result can be expressed in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions, which reproduces the known result in the forward direction when $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is set equal to zero, and also joins smoothly to the impact factor representation when $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is much larger than $\frac{{m}^{2}}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$. In the present analysis, the fine-structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is assumed to be small, but not $Z\ensuremath{\alpha}$. In other words, all terms of the form $\ensuremath{\alpha}{(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})}^{n}$ in the amplitude are taken into account. It is also shown that the result for $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\ll}m$ is independent of the mass of the target, and hence is in particular applicable to Compton scattering by an electron.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast, an uncommon diagnosis with poor prognosis-Lessons learned from a 12-year analysis of the National Cancer Database.

We compared the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of adenosquamous carcinoma (ASQ) of the breast with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), utilizing the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2015. 1 932 688 female patients had invasive breast carcinoma; 1 421 250 had IDC (73.5%); and 453 had ASQ (0.0002%). When compared to IDC, ASQ patients were significantly (P < .05) older and had grade 1 tumors; negative lymph nodes; ER/PR/HER2-negative tumors; and worse 5-year overall survival (64.9% vs 74%, respectively). Our study, largest to date on ASQ, revealed an aggressive carcinoma with a significantly worse prognosis than IDC. "Personalized medicine" treatment approach for patients with this uncommon carcinoma is needed.
CryoMem: A 4K-300K 1.3GHz eDRAM Macro with Hybrid 2T-Gain-Cell in a 28nm Logic Process for Cryogenic Applications

In the pursuit of higher digital performance, as well as for finding new applications in emerging computing models and operating environments, low-temperature (300K to 150K) and cryogenic ( OFF and reduced thermal noise, provides a promising, yet largely unexplored pathway for integrating large on-die memory with both CMOS and non-CMOS cryo-computing, across a wide range of temperatures and applications. In this research test-chip, we present a 2T-gain-cell (GC) based embedded-DRAM (eDRAM) macro in 28nm HKMG CMOS targeted for a range of cryo-applications and enabled by superior transistor characteristics at low-temperature. It features: (1) a hybrid P/N gain-cell for stable storage and low coupling noise, (2) an open bit-line architecture taking advantage of the low noise, (3) reliable operation from 300K to 4K and (3) 106× improvement of retention time from 300K to 4K. The cell architecture, operating voltages and the design-space for eDRAM (1T-1C and gain-cell) are summarized in Fig. 1. While low storage capacitor in eDRAM on logic leads to low retention time and high refresh power, the ultra-low leakage at cryo-temperature makes it a promising technology with a measured retention time of >1s at 4K.
Assessing a Smartphone App (AICaries) That Uses Artificial Intelligence to Detect Dental Caries in Children and Provides Interactive Oral Health Education: Protocol for a Design and Usability Testing Study.

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is the most common chronic childhood disease, with nearly 1.8 billion new cases per year worldwide. ECC afflicts approximately 55% of low-income and minority US preschool children, resulting in harmful short- and long-term effects on health and quality of life. Clinical evidence shows that caries is reversible if detected and addressed in its early stages. However, many low-income US children often have poor access to pediatric dental services. In this underserved group, dental caries is often diagnosed at a late stage when extensive restorative treatment is needed. With more than 85% of lower-income Americans owning a smartphone, mobile health tools such as smartphone apps hold promise in achieving patient-driven early detection and risk control of ECC. Objective: This study aims to use a community-based participatory research strategy to refine and test the usability of an artificial intelligence–powered smartphone app, AICaries, to be used by children’s parents/caregivers for dental caries detection in their children. Methods: Our previous work has led to the prototype of AICaries, which offers artificial intelligence–powered caries detection using photos of children’s teeth taken by the parents’ smartphones, interactive caries risk assessment, and personalized education on reducing children’s ECC risk. This AICaries study will use a two-step qualitative study design to assess the feedback and usability of the app component and app flow, and whether parents can take photos of children’s teeth on their own. Specifically, in step 1, we will conduct individual usability tests among 10 pairs of end users (parents with young children) to facilitate app module modification and fine-tuning using think aloud and instant data analysis strategies. In step 2, we will conduct unmoderated field testing for app feasibility and acceptability among 32 pairs of parents with their young children to assess the usability and acceptability of AICaries, including assessing the number/quality of teeth images taken by the parents for their children and parents’ satisfaction. Results: The study is funded by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, United States. This study received institutional review board approval and launched in August 2021. Data collection and analysis are expected to conclude by March 2022 and June 2022, respectively. Conclusions: Using AICaries, parents can use their regular smartphones to take photos of their children’s teeth and detect ECC aided by AICaries so that they can actively seek treatment for their children at an early and reversible stage of ECC. Using AICaries, parents can also obtain essential knowledge on reducing their children’s caries risk. Data from this study will support a future clinical trial that evaluates the real-world impact of using this smartphone app on early detection and prevention of ECC among low-income children.
Feeling Connected to the Cause: The Role of Perceived Social Distance on Cause Involvement and Consumer Response to CSR Communication

Despite the importance of companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts to support the issue of empowering women, little is known about which communication strategies are effective for a...
Destructive Leaders and Dysfunctional Organizations: A Therapeutic Approach

Organizational behavior and leadership research has traditionally been deeply influenced by positive psychology and appreciative inquiry. Yet, in recent times, a wave of corporate scandals and spectacular organizational failures has forced management and organizational theorists to rethink this approach. Unethical CEO behavior, white collar crime, property deviance, employee grievances and lawsuits, organizational terrorism, and workplace violence have all provided the impetus for an examination of the darker side of leadership. In Destructive Leaders and Dysfunctional Organizations, Alan Goldman draws on his extensive experience as a management consultant and executive coach to provide a fascinating behind-closed-doors account of troubled leaders and the effect they have on their organizations. Featuring clinical case studies, ranging from the fashion industry to an aeronautical engineering corporation, the book explores the damaging effects of destructive leadership on organizations and provides the tools necessary for early recognition, assessment, and treatment.
Analgesic Use in U.S. Emergency Departments for Patients ReportingModerate to Severe Pain: Diagnosis and Select Patient CharacteristicsInfluencing Narcotic Analgesic Prescribing Practices

Analgesic Use in U.S. Emergency Departments for Patients Reporting Moderate to Severe Pain: Select Patient Characteristics Influencing Narcotic Analgesic Prescribing Practices Hassan Zakaria, MD Advisor: R. Leonard Vance, PhD, CIH Assoc. Professor, Environ. Health & Environ. Law Epidemiology & Community Health, VCU Preceptor: Elizabeth Eustis Turf, PhD Assoc. Professor & Graduate Programs Director Epidemiology & Community Health, VCU Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between emergency department patient encounter characteristics and narcotic analgesic prescribing practices in order to determine what patient characteristics, if any, influence the decision to prescribe narcotics. Methods: Cross sectional data on patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments from the 2003 and 2004 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were analyzed. Patients reporting moderate to severe pain were included in the sample and analysis. Chi square tests of significance were used to assess the association between individual demographic and encounter characteristics to narcotic prescription or administration. Separate multiple logistic regressions were then performed on patients presenting with one of the three most common diagnosis categories or reasons for visit, since this was thought to also influence the decision to prescribe narcotics or not. Multivariate analysis produced adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in order to determine the independent associations between each predictor variable and narcotic medication prescription or administration. Results: Our sample included 26,248 individuals presenting to U.S. emergency departments with moderate to severe pain as recorded by the NHMCS survey. Various patient and encounter characteristics appeared to influence narcotic administration in the univariate analysis including age, race, ethnicity, alcohol use, method of payment, geographic location and whether or not visit was related to a work injury or illness. No gender differences were found. Combining the top 3 reasons for visit, we found that race, patient alcohol use, age, geographic location and ethnicity all had significant bearing on the prescription of narcotics. Much of this was true when looking at top three diagnoses. Age, race, patient alcohol use, and geographic location were all associated with significantly different rates of narcotic administration, while ethnicity dropped out of significance. Black race, in both subcategories of analysis, showed the greatest association with decreased odds of receiving narcotic drugs in the ED.
Can gene expression signatures of signaling pathway activation inform rational selection of potentially targetable molecules in lung cancer

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- July 20-23, 2008; Monterey, CA A23 In this new age of utilizing complex biomarkers as metrics for describing disease types or making therapeutic decisions, translating discoveries at the benchtop to efficacious therapies in the clinic remains an overwhelming obstacle. Cancer of any tissue type is still a heterogeneous disease when evaluated among affected individuals. Developing new therapeutics requires understanding of the disease process, particularly avenues that lead to therapies appropriate for the heterogeneity observed in the clinic. We hypothesize that by combining knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches in analyzing gene expression data new pathways and targets for lung cancer therapeutics can be rationally ascertained. Lung adenocarcinomas frequently have genetic lesions affecting EGFR or K-ras. The consequence of either mutation may be deregulation of one or more downstream signaling cascades, namely MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and STAT pathways. This knowledge was utilized to develop gene expression signatures of activation of each pathway in airway epithelial cells. The gene expression signatures derived from each dataset were compared to the genes in signatures that describe K-ras activity or sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines to determine co-expression. The genes that were found to be in common among the individual signatures may be potential hubs for normal control of the activity of PI3K/AKT, MAPK and STAT signaling cascades. To test genes for activity among signaling pathways, the list of commonly-deregulated genes was narrowed to candidate genes chosen fit two criteria: 1) enzymatic activity and 2) likely regulation of activity by gene expression or protein turnover but not post-translational modification. Published data from similar gene expression studies, but using different cell systems, was evaluated to determine if our candidates are system specific. Following this evaluation, phosphatases that were deregulated in the gene expression signatures of pathway activity arose as an interesting subset of activities across all systems evaluated. Of the phosphatases screened by probesets on the array, the dual specificity phosphatases (DUSP) became the focus of our efforts, specifically DUSP4/MKP2. DUSP4 activity was characterized among lung cancer cell lines and airway epithelial cells. The expression, localization and substrates of DUSP4 suggest that this phosphatase may link the MAPK and AKT pathways which are both deregulated in EGFR and K-ras active lung cancers. Thus, our proof-of-concept exercise in combining knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches to select targets for novel lung cancer therapeutics may yield a reasonable target.
Detecting Malingering in Forensic Neuropsychological Evaluations in Litigants with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses the issue of detecting malingering in neuropsychological evaluations in litigants with Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). The chapter provides a definition of malingering and discusses how it is differentially diagnosed from psychological disturbances that mimic these patterns. Malingering is the deliberate fabrication or exaggeration of symptoms and/or deficits for the purposes of secondary gain. Secondary gain from a legal standpoint might include monetary compensation for personal injury, worker's compensation, and avoiding culpability in criminal cases. Malingering is not an all-or-nothing phenomenon. It varies along a continuum, ranging from an obvious to a subtle clinical presentation. Before implementing specific malingering tests, examiners should briefly survey the literature to determine what tests would be most appropriate given the client, his or her litigation status, and initial presenting complaints. One of the major problems that mitigate against forced-choice tests is that after attorney coaching these measures rapidly lose their sensitivity to exaggeration.
Renal potassium handling in the pregnant rat (892.13)

The fetus requires a large amount of potassium for normal development. To accommodate this need the normal pregnant rat accumulates ~6.3 mEq of potassium over the course of gestation, over 70% of which is retained during late pregnancy. However, the mechanism of potassium retention during pregnancy is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism permitting increased potassium reabsorption in the setting of high circulating aldosterone and enhanced distal nephron sodium reabsorption in the pregnant rat. Recent work on the WNK kinases has provided interesting targets for divergent modulation of sodium and potassium handling in the distal nephron. We measured the mRNA expression of WNK1, WNK3, WNK4, and ROMK in the renal cortex and outer medulla of virgin (V, n=5), mid pregnant (MP, n=5), and late pregnant (LP, n=7) rats using quantitative real-time PCR. We found increased WNK3 expression in the outer medulla of LP rats compared to V (156 ±15 vs 100±10 % Control). The expression le...