cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arousal and stereotype threat

Seemingly insignificant features of the context can undermine the quantitative performance of skilled females—an effect attributed to stereotype threat. The present studies tested the hypotheses that stereotype threat triggers arousal, and that attributions about that arousal could moderate the effects of stereotype threat on performance. To examine whether arousal is triggered by stereotype threat, we conducted two experiments in which female participants were asked to take a math test under conditions of stereotype threat or not. In Study 1, women under stereotype threat performed better on an easy threat-irrelevant task, but worse on a difficult threat-irrelevant task than women not under threat. In Study 2, threatened women underperformed on a math test, but this underperformance was attenuated for women directed to misattribute their arousal. These results suggest that arousal—and how arousal is attributed—may play an important role in the debilitating effects of stereotype threat.
GROWTH AND COMPETITIVE NATURE OF Yersinia enterocolitica IN WHOLE MILK

A combination of four Y. enterocolitica strains was inoculated with and without five competing psychrotrophic bacteria, into milk that had been pasteurized using ultra-high-temperature procedures. Milk inoculated at two levels with Y. enterocolitica was held at 3°C and 25°C, without competing bacteria and monitored for growth. At 3°C, cells per ml of milk increased from 250 to more than 4.6 × 107 in less than 3 wk. Growth and identification were determined for Y. enterocolitica and competing organisms in milk held for 10 days at 3°C. After 10 days, the total count was 1.7 × 107 cells per ml of the inoculated milk. Pseudomonas fluorescens accounted for 43% of the 60 randomly picked colonies that were representative of the microbial population in the milk. Competing organisms were isolated in the following order of decreasing frequency: Micrococcus varians, Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter pestifer, and Bacillus cereus. Y. enterocolitica was not present among the colonies randomly picked, but was detected in low numbers in Bismuth Sulfite Agar spread plates. This work indicated that Y. enterocolitica has the capacity for growth in milk at refrigeration temperatures, but is a poor competitor with common spoilage organisms.
Multi-Class Sentiment Analysis with Clustering and Score Representation

Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is the field of computational study of people's opinion expressed in written language or text. Sentiment analysis brings together various research areas such as natural language processing, data mining and text mining, and is fast becoming of major importance to organizations as they integrate online commerce into their operations. This paper proposes improved methods for aspect-level sentiment analysis. We propose to utilize bag of nouns instead of bog of words to improve the clustering results for aspect identification and a new feature set, score representation, that leads to more accurate sentiment identification. This scheme is based upon the three scores (positive ness, neutral ness and negative ness) that are learned from the data for each term. Using this new score representation scheme, we improve the performance of 3-class sentiment analysis on sentences by 20% in terms of f1-measure, as compared to previously published research. We demonstrate the usefulness of the methodology using data from the popular online travel information site TripAdvisor.com.
How UGVs physically fail in the field

This paper presents a detailed look at how unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) fail in the field using information from 10 studies and 15 different models in Urban Search and Rescue or military field applications. One explores failures encountered in a limited amount of time in a real crisis (World Trade Center rescue response). Another covers regular use of 13 robots over two years. The remaining eight studies are field tests of robots performed by the Test and Evaluation Coordination Office at Fort Leonard Wood. A novel taxonomy of UGV failures is presented which categorizes failures based on the cause (physical or human), its impact, and its repairability. Important statistics are derived and illustrative examples of physical failures are examined using this taxonomy. Reliability in field environments is low, between 6 and 20 hours mean time between failures. For example, during the PANTHER study (F. Cook, 1997) 35 failures occurred in 32 days. The primary cause varies: one study showed 50% of failures caused by effectors; another study showed 54% of failures occurred in the control system. Common causes are: unstable control systems, platforms designed for a narrow range of conditions, limited wireless communication range, and insufficient bandwidth for video-based feedback.
Mechanism of the response to captopril in glucocorticoid hypertension.

The effect of captopril was explored in salt-depleted methylprednisolone (MP)-hypertensive rats. MP treatment raised BP by 41±2 mmHg over 2 weeks. Controls (C) had no change in BP. Sodium balance and weight data indicated a greater salt depletion in MP than in C. On day 15, captopril reduced BP in both MP (20±4 mmHg) and C (31±4 mmHg). The effect was significantly smaller in MP than in C (p<0.05). Plasma renin activity (PRA) was similarly elevated in both groups, consistent with salt depletion. Serum (SCE) and lung-converting enzyme (LCE) activity were similar in MP and C. The diminished antihypertensive effect of captopril in MP is therefore not attributable to differences in PRA, SCE, or LCE. Our data suggest that depressor actions of captopril unrelated to the renin-angiotensin system are impaired in MP. Glucocorticoid-induced changes in vasodilator systems may explain these findings.
Gender influences sphincter of Oddi response to cholecystokinin in the prairie dog

Although gallstones and disorders of biliary tract motility are both more common in women than men, sphincter of Oddi motility has not previously been compared between the sexes. In this study, cho...
Realism and International Relations: Morality and foreign policy

Although motivation, anarchy, structure, and international institutions have dominated recent academic discussions of realism, the exclusion of morality from foreign policy is a no less important feature of realism both in the popular understanding and in the work of many earlier realists. “Universal moral principles cannot be applied to the actions of states” (Morgenthau 1954: 9). “The process of government … is a practical exercise and not a moral one” (Kennan 1954: 48). “The search for power is not made for the achievement of moral values; moral values are used to facilitate the attainment of power” (Spykman 1942: 18). The problem of morality in international relations also flows naturally from the discussion of norms in the preceding chapter and relates directly to our earlier discussions of state motives and the national interest. Human nature and international anarchy Realists often appeal to “the limitations which the sordid and selfish aspects of human nature place on the conduct of diplomacy” (Thompson 1985: 20). “The ultimate sources of social conflicts and injustices are to be found in the ignorance and selfishness of men” (Niebuhr 1932: 23). “Man cannot achieve [justice,] for reasons that are inherent in his nature. The reasons are three: man is too ignorant, man is too selfish, and man is too poor” (Morgenthau 1970: 63). To act on moral concerns in the face of pervasive human evil, realists argue, would be foolish, even fatal. But human nature is not only selfish and evil. Most realists allow that “men are motivated by other desires than the urge for power and that power is not the only aspect of international relations” (Spykman 1942: 7).
Influence of meal size on postprandial thermophily in cornsnakes (Elaphe guttata)

Abstract Postprandial thermophily occurs because snakes presumably select body temperatures to maximize digestive functions. However, there seems to be little to no literature available on meal size affecting the degree of postprandial thermophily in snakes. We were interested in determining if meal size influenced post-feeding thermoregulation. To test this, we placed individual snakes into linear thermal gradients with floor temperatures ranging from 10 ± 0.5 °C to 40 ± 1.0 °C. After a 24 h habituation period, substrate temperatures were measured underneath the snake's body, 1/3 of the way down its length, at 3-hour intervals from 0900 to 1800 h. Each snake was monitored under three different conditions: during a fast, after ingesting a 5% body mass meal, and after ingesting a 10% body mass meal. The size of the meal had a significant effect (P=0.0365) on selected substrate temperatures.
Optimization of Silver Nanotoroid Arrays for the Absorption Enhancement of Silicon Thin-Film Solar Cells

The enhancement of absorbed electromagnetic energy of thin-film silicon photovoltaics due to toroid-shaped plasmonic nanoparticles is computationally investigated. Using Ansys® HFSS, infinite arrays of silver nanotoroids of various sizes are tuned to maximize the photocurrent generation of the photovoltaic. The obtained results show that larger nanotoroid arrays can be tuned to provide enhanced photocurrent generation that is comparable to traditional sphere-shaped nanoparticles. The highly tunable nature of the resonant frequencies of plasmonic nanotoroid geometries is investigated here, which hold potential advantage over nanoparticles in their ability to enhance electromagnetic energy absorption in the longer wavelength regime of the solar spectrum. The obtained results show that larger nanotoroid arrays can be tuned to provide enhanced photocurrent generation comparable to traditional nanoparticles.
A smart forest-fire early detection sensory system: Another approach of utilizing wireless sensor and neural networks

In this paper, we analyze the potential of combining wireless sensor networks with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to build a “smart forest-fire early detection sensory system” (SFFEDSS). We outline our new SFFEDS system in which temperature, light and smoke data from low-cost sensor nodes spread out on the forest bed is aggregated into information. This information is spatially and temporally labeled into knowledge which will be encoded as input to ANN models that convert it into intelligence. At the top tier of our system, the trained neural models make intelligent decisions and report fire in its early stages based on gathered field knowledge. In our experimentation, we extended the sensing capability of the MicaZ sensor motes by attaching external smoke detectors of our own design. The results are very promising as the SFFEDSS unit is able to not only detect fire but also accurately report the direction of fire progress which is deduced from the wind direction.
Image Congruence and the Treatment of Difference Scores in Organizational Choice Research

This study examined how the perceived congruence between self-and organizational images affects one's choice of a graduate school of business. Applicants with a positive self-image (N = 64) select schools most like their self-image, whereas applicants with a negative self-image (N = 18) select schools least like their self-image. The retention of directionality in difference scores is shown to be a useful data analysis technique when testing congruence hypotheses.
Variable‐length channel coding with noisy feedback

SUMMARY It is known that perfect noiseless feedback can be used to improve the reliability of communication systems. We show how to make those gains robust to noise on the feedback link. We focus on feedback links that are themselves discrete memoryless channels. We demonstrate that Forney’s erasure-decoding exponent is achievable given any positive-capacity feedback channel. We also demonstrate that as the desired rate of communication approaches the capacity of the forward channel, the Burnashev upper bound on the reliability function is achievable given any positive-capacity noisy feedback channel. Finally, we demonstrate that our scheme dominates the erasure-decoding exponent at all rates and, for instance, at zero rate can achieve up to three-quarters of Burnashev’s ze ro-rate reliability. This implies that in a shared medium, to maximize the reliability function some degrees of freedom should be allocated to feedback. Copyright c 2008 AEI, first published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Concrete Mix on Initiation of Reinforcement Corrosion and Chloride Threshold Level

The time-to-corrosion initiation (Ti) of reinforcement and the chloride threshold content (Cth) of a series of G109 concrete slabs were experimentally investigated. Results indicate that Ti is increased by decreasing water-to-cement ratio or increasing cement alkalinity. The effects of a superplasticizer on initiation of corrosion of reinforcing steel bars (rebar) depend on concrete mix. Measurements reveal that chloride contents at both active (anodic) and passive (cathodic) sites increase linearly with the logarithm of Ti regardless of concrete mix, whereas chloride contents measured at anodic sites are always greater than at cathodic sites. Defects at or nearby corrosion anodic spots could facilitate chloride accumulation: rebar corrosion would occur earlier than if no defect were present. Further analysis reveals that the weakest-link theory is applicable to predict the probability of initiation of rebar corrosion, as indicated by the Weibull distributions of Ti and Cth.
Three-dimensional thermal convection in a spherical shell

Nonlinear convective solutions are presented for a shell with properties characteristic of the earth's whole mantle for Rayleigh numbers up to 70,000. The solutions are validated numerically, and two distinct convective patterns (cubic and tetrahedral) are identified which are closely related to the geometric planforms predicted by the analytical theories of slightly supercritical spherical convection. A quantitative analysis of the horizontal and vertical structures of the velocity and temperature fields of the solutions is presented, and their heat transport properties are examined, including the total heat flow and the spatial distribution of the heat flux at the shell boundaries.
Central chondrosarcoma in patients with multiple osteochondromas: commentary on an article by Annemarie L. Goud, MD, PhD, et al: "Intraosseous atypical chondroid tumor or chondrosarcoma grade 1 in patients with multiple osteochondromas".

Multiple osteochondromas, formerly called multiple hereditary exostoses, is an autosomal dominant heterogeneous disorder that occurs in 1 in 50,000 births1 and is associated with mutations of the exostosin-1 ( EXT1 ) and exostosin-2 ( EXT2 ) genes. Both genes are putative tumor suppressors that encode glycosyltransferases, also known as exostosins, involved in the biosynthesis of heparin sulfate. Penetrance is very high: 96% in female patients and 100% in male patients. In 10% of affected individuals, hereditary multiple osteochondromas is the result of a new mutation2. Clinical manifestations of this disease result in exostoses that generally involve the long bones and result in varying degrees of skeletal deformity and growth disturbances. Malignant transformation, chondrosarcoma that arises in the cartilage cap, occurs in 5% of patients with multiple osteochondromas. Although certain risk and protective factors such as sex, number of lesions, the presence of EXT2 mutations, and the absence of EXT1 or EXT2 correlate with clinical disease severity, none predict malignant transformation3. In the article by Goud and colleagues, the observation that central chondroid tumors are associated with multiple osteochondromas is surprising, as, to my knowledge, it has not been previously reported. Central chondroid tumors, enchondromas, occur in association with exostoses in patients with metachondromatosis, a rare disease that generally affects the hands and feet and is not associated with growth disturbances. Unlike multiple osteochondromas, metachondromatosis is not associated with EXT1 or EXT2 mutations. Although peripheral chondrosarcomas are not uncommon …
Presentation, surgical intervention, and long-term survival in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Abstract Objective Patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) often present with acute catastrophic aortic events at a young age and have a shortened life span. This study examines the impact of presentation and demographics on late survival in patients with MFS. Methods Adults with confirmed MFS in our thoracic aortic center dataset were identified and statistical analysis performed to identify the incidence and predictors of aortic interventions and late mortality. Results We identified 301 patients with a MFS initial diagnosis at age 17 years (interquartile range, 4-30 years) with presentation into our thoracic aortic center at 21 years (interquartile range, 8-34 years). The average follow-up in our center was 10 ± 10 years. Clinical features were 41% male, 86% white race, coronary artery disease 28%, hypertension 40%, peripheral vascular disease 19%, and anti-impulse agent in 51% (β-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker). Distribution of operative aortic pathology was isolated to the ascending aorta (70%) and descending aorta (8%). One hundred seventy-eight patients (59%) required primary aortic surgery (36% emergent). Primary procedures were cardiac (aortic valve/root) in nature in 94%. Seventy-four patients (42%) required multiple aortic procedures at a mean of 9.2 ± 6.9 years, involving the thoracoabdominal aorta in 65%, thoracic aorta in 37%, and abdominal aorta in 21%. Patients who required multiple aortic procedures were more likely (P Conclusions These data indicate that, in the modern era, the mode of presentation and need for multiple procedures have a detrimental impact on late survival. Additionally, the presence of acute or chronic dissection predicts the need for additional aortic procedures during follow-up.
A comparison of measured room acoustics metrics using a spherical microphone array and conventional methods

Abstract The traditional microphone configuration used to measure room impulse responses (IRs) according to ISO 3382:2009 is an omnidirectional and figure-8 microphone pair. IRs measurements were taken in a 2500-seat auditorium to determine how the results from a spherical microphone array (an mh acoustics Eigenmike-em32) compare to those from the traditional microphone setup (a Bruel & Kjaer Type-4192 omnidirectional microphone and a Sennheiser MKH30 figure-8 microphone). Measurements were obtained at six receiver locations, with three repetitions each in order to first evaluate repeatability. The metrics considered in this study were: reverberation time (T30), early decay time (EDT), clarity index (C80), strength (G), lateral energy fraction (JLF) and late lateral energy level (LJ). Before calculating these quantities, the IRs were filtered to equalize the frequency response of the microphones and sound source. For the spherical array measurements, the omnidirectional (monopole) and figure-8 (dipole) patterns were extracted using beamforming. In terms of repeatability, the average standard deviation of the three measurements at each receiver location averaged across all metrics, receivers, and octave bands was found to be 0.01 just noticeable differences (JNDs). The analysis comparing the measurements from the two microphone configurations yielded differences which were less than 1 JND for the majority of metrics, with a few exceptions of EDT and C80 slightly above 1 JND. Based on this case study, these results indicate that spherical microphone arrays can be used to obtain valid room IR measurements, which will allow for the development of new metrics utilizing the higher spatial resolution made possible with spherical arrays.
Granule treatment of children with hand,foot and mouth disease to the blue-inflammatory efficacy of oral Poribavirin

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid combined with Ribavirin Granules treatment of children with hand foot and mouth disease.Methods 80 cases of hand foot mouth disease were randomly divided into treatment group and control group with 40 cases in each group,two groups of patients were given basic treatment,the control group was given the Leigh Bhave Lin treatment,the treatment group used Pudilan antiphlogistic oral liquid combined with Ribavirin Granules treatment,observation of curative effect of two groups.Results Two groups after standard treatment,symptoms disappeared.Treating fever subsides,oral Herpes rash fade time and fade time wassignificantly less than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Pudilan antiphlogistic oral liquid combined with Ribavirin Granules in treatment of children with hand foot and mouth disease,can rapidly improve the symptoms,promote their recovery,the curative effect is accurate,safety reliable,worthy of clinical use.
Intravascular catheter associated sepsis : a common problem

OBJECTIVE To estimate the number of episodes of intravascular catheter associated sepsis that occur in Australia per year. DESIGN AND SETTING Data were collected from 15 Australian hospitals (mainly tertiary referral hospitals). All positive results of blood cultures were followed up and the primary sepsis site identified and recorded. The average study period was 1.2 years. RESULTS Eight hundred and nine episodes of systemic sepsis associated with intravascular catheters were identified from 4957 separate episodes of bacteraemia or fungaemia. Of those in which the catheter site was known, there were 491 episodes of sepsis associated with central vein catheters and 233 with peripheral vein catheters. Systemic sepsis with peripheral vein catheters occurred with 0.36 of every 1000 catheters purchased, but with central vein catheters it was 23 episodes per 1000 catheters (relative risk, 64; 95% confidence interval, 54-76). In these hospitals, 8.2 episodes of intravascular catheter associated sepsis occurred annually per 100 beds and 1.5 episodes per 1000 admissions. From these figures, at least 3000 cases of intravascular sepsis may occur per year in Australia. CONCLUSIONS Intravascular catheter sepsis is common. Central vein catheters cause more sepsis than peripheral vein catheters. With the greater use of catheters this problem is likely to increase.
Implementing Short-Format Podcasts for Preview on Mathematics Self-efficacy and Mathematical Achievement in Undergraduate Mathematics

The aims of this study were to examine the impact of the educational use of short-format podcasts before class and to investigate students’ responses to the short-format podcasts regarding mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical achievement. Data was collected from 128 students in 6 sections of Intermediate and College Algebra for two semesters through pre- and post-tests, questionnaires including the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale, and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed by the two subgroups regarding students who do not watch the short-format podcast lectures (NSPL) before class and students who watch the short-format podcast lectures (SPL) before class, and intermediate- low and intermediate- high students. The results of this study showed that short-format podcasts before class were vital to enhancing intermediate students’ mathematics self-efficacy and their achievement and an appropriate format on the preview section of the study cycle. In addition, this study contributed to the knowledge of student learning with technology and applications of short-format podcasts before class in mathematics education.
Determinants of Retail Salespeople’s Role Conflict and Ambiguity

Although previous research has found retail salespeople to he critical elements in the success or failure of a retail outlet, little published research has examined how to assist retail sales managers in developing a work environment that is conducive to productive salespeople. This paper explores the constructs of role conflict and ambiguity in retail sales and ascertains what some of the determinants of these two constructs are. The findings, which both agree and disagree with previous role research, suggest that retail sales managers can impact the levels of role conflict and ambiguity experienced by retail salespeople.
Rethinking the fabric of geology: An introduction

My tattered copy of The Fabric of Geology has a publication date of 1963. The book was assembled to mark the seventy-fi fth anniversary of The Geological Society of America (GSA). Under the editorship of Claude C. Albritton, Jr., The Fabric of Geology was conceived to cover the philosophy of geology as then practiced. The book begins with some historical context, specifi cally in the work of James Hutton (1726–1797), and the historical theme extends to other great geologists, notably including Grove Karl Gilbert (1843–1918). This is very appropriate since few geologists study much philosophy, preferring instead to gain their philosophical insights from the exemplary work of other geologists. A result of this is the continuing relevance of a complaint voiced in 1904 by former GSA president H.L. Fairchild: “Geologists have been far too generous in allowing other people to make their philosophy for them.” Philosophy can be thought of as the detailed analysis of those fundamental ideas and issues that are generally assumed without question in the everyday course of some activity, which in this case is the pursuit of geological inquiry. Some of the philosophical issues raised in the 1963 Fabric of Geology include the nature of geology as a historical science, whether there are geological laws, the roles of classifi cation and theory in geology, the signifi cance of geological mapping, and the importance of applied geology. The Fabric of Geology concluded with a very useful annotated bibliography, prepared by editor Albritton, listing about four hundred publications that illustrated the scope, methods, and contributions of the geological sciences. The present volume lacks the broad scope of the original Fabric of Geology, appropriately so since much from the original remains valuable today. Rethinking the Fabric of Geology has the relatively modest goal of expanding upon some of the issues raised seventy-fi ve years ago, as well as introducing some very important new concerns relative to the underpinnings and peripheral aspects of core geological science. The idea for the present volume arose in the course of deliberations by a GSA ad hoc planning committee charged with various celebratory activities for the 125th anniversary of the society’s founding in 1888. My proposal to this committee for a follow-on volume treating some of the themes introduced by the original Fabric of Geology was subsequently approved by the GSA Council, and I was named editor for what has now become Rethinking the Fabric of Geology.
Regulation of Apoptosis by the Transforming Gene Products of Adenovirus

The DNA tumor virus adenovirus infects human cells, recruits them into a proliferative state, and borrows elements of the host cell transcription, translation, and DNA replication machinery to reproduce viral proteins and DNA. In rodent cells which are semipermissive for adenovirus infection, cell growth is deregulated but virus replication is ineffective. As the viral infection does not progress to completion, the deregulation of cell growth control produces transformation. The viral genes required for oncogenic transformation are the E1A and E1B oncogenes.
EEPROM device as a reconfigurable analog element for neural networks

An investigation into the use of EEPROMs (electrically erasable programmable read-only memories) for analog storage is presented, with special consideration given to the problem of reconfigurable weight storage in neural net implementations. Control of either programming voltage or programming time can be used to program the threshold voltage of industry-standard digital EEPROMs to any analog value. Variations in the programming curves of different devices on the same chip as well as changes in the programming curve of a single device with age suggest the need for feedback in any EEPROM-based analog programming strategy. EEPROM charge retention appears to be very good in the analog range and, to first order, temperature compensation of EEPROMs is no more complicated than that for conventional MOS circuits. A particular analog programming scheme which provides about 8 b of resolution per EEPROM device is presented, and the potential uses of EEPROMs in neural net designs are discussed. >
Silent Shout Photography, Women, and the Iranian Rooftop (1953, 1979, 2009)

The historical lineage of photographic representations of the rooftop in Iran, as keyed to three pivotal, modern moments — the 2009 elections, the 1979 revolution, and the 1953 coup — demonstrates how the roof functions as a space from which attempts by Iranian women to reorder, contest, and invert political relations through sound have been recurrently staged. This paper argues that representations from within this photographic lineage constitute a productive political transition between sonic and visual regimes; one that is actually enabled by the unsettling quality of silence made uniquely perceptible, or rendered singly, in the ambivalent vision of photography. Consequently, the images here considered problematize and expand Jacques Ranciere’s theorization of the aesthetic formation of politics by questioning what might be accomplished politically in the failure to represent, proposing the idea that imaging silence in the midst of turbulent noise might engender a political representation of a different order. Of primary interest to this argument are two works completed in 2009 (Pietro Masturzo’s 2009 World Press Photo of the Year, “From the Rooftops of Tehran, June”, and Shirin Neshat’s multimedia adaptations of the surrealist Farsi novella Women Without Men), each of which formalize the way in which the specific setting of the rooftop, as something we might call, following Michel Foucault, a “heterotopic” site, activates this relationship of (in)audibility and political representation.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Septal and Posterior Wall Dynamics and their Effect on Left Ventricular Filling in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

M-mode echocardiography has been invaluable in the diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), but assessment of left ventricular (LV) function has been limited to measurement of LV cavity size, ejection fraction, and velocity of fiber shortening (Vcf). In this study, computerized analysis of echocardiography was used to assess LV function in patients with IHSS in terms of septal (VS), posterior wall (PW), and LV cavity dynamics throughout the cardiac cycle, with particular emphasis on wall movement during diastole. In addition, the relations between wall dynamics, LV filling, mitral valve opening, and clinical symptomatology were investigated. LV echograms of both sides of the septum and of the endocardium and epicardium of the posterior LV wall were obtained at the level of the posterior mitral valve leaflet in 29 patients with IHSS (aged 16–69 years) and 20 normal subjects (aged 19–63 years). Echograms were digitized and processed by a CDC 3500 computing system to provide plots of instantaneous LV cavity dimension (D) and VS and PW thickness. Measurements were made of peak rate of increase in minor LV dimension (dD/dt); duration of the rapid LV filling phase (time from dD/dt = 0 to the time dD/dt had decreased to 20% of its peak value, which corresponds to the discontinuity on the plot of instantaneous LV dimension); peak shortening rate (dD/dt·1/D, or Vcf); and normalized peak rates of change of VS and PW thickness (d[VS]/dt.1/VS and d[PW]/dt·1/PW) in systole and diastole.
Myocardial performance index in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The relationship between blood pressures and angiogenic factors.

Objective: To study the association between cardiac function measured by myocardial performance index (MPI), blood pressures and angiogenic factors measured at the time of echocardiography in patie...
Updating Techniques in Parallel Computation

A survey is given of recent techniques for updating matrix factorizations. A review is given for updating several standard matrix factorizations and eigen-decompositions parallel decomposition of linear systems based on lowrank modifications parallel Algorithms for eigen-value problems based on divide and conquer strategies.
Loss and Lived Memory at the Moore’s Ford Lynching Reenactment

ABSTRACTEach year, members of the Moore’s Ford Movement conduct a memorial rally for and reenactment of a lynching that took place in 1946 near Monroe, Georgia. While a lynching memorial that includes a reenactment may sound suspect, particularly because lynching reenactments play a role in white supremacist activities, the Moore’s Ford Memorial’s unusual form offers affordances that other lynching memorials do not. This article argues that the memorial’s simultaneous attachment to and critique of necessarily inadequate traces of the past raise questions about what it means to remember violence in situ. Most lynching memorial rhetoric revolves around the narrow archive of lynching photographs produced, for the most part, by lynchers themselves. Through its combination of archival and lived memory, the Moore’s Ford Memorial both tells a broader story and draws attention to the archive’s inability to capture all that was lost. In dwelling in the gap between past and present, the memorial creates a generativ...
Time-varying impedance of the human ankle in the sagittal and frontal planes during straight walk and turning steps

This paper describes the methods and experiment protocols for estimation of the human ankle impedance during turning and straight line walking. The ankle impedance of two human subjects during the stance phase of walking in both dorsiflexion plantarflexion (DP) and inversion eversion (IE) were estimated. The impedance was estimated about 8 axes of rotations of the human ankle combining different amounts of DP and IE rotations, and differentiating among positive and negative rotations at 5 instants of the stance length (SL). Specifically, the impedance was estimated at 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of the SL. The ankle impedance showed great variability across time, and across the axes of rotation, with consistent larger stiffness and damping in DP than IE. When comparing straight walking and turning, the main differences were in damping at 50%, 70%, and 90% of the SL with an increase in damping at all axes of rotation during turning.
Leveraging Electronic Health Records for Modeling Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis (P03.209)

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that Electronic Health Records (EHR)-based algorithms accurately classify multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and EHR-derived virtual cohorts complement traditional cohorts in research. BACKGROUND: MS research studies based on traditional cohorts are limited by cost and size. DESIGN/METHODS: We created a “data-mart” containing the complete medical records of 22,610 patients with ≥1 MS-related ICD9 code at Partners HealthCare and randomly selected 595 patients for “training”. Two neurologists independently reviewed the records of “training” patients and found 251 MS cases. From codified and narrative EHR data on symptoms, medications, tests, and neuroimaging reports extracted using natural language processing, we performed 20-fold cross-validation using logistic regression on the training-set to select informative variables for predicting MS. The algorithm was then applied to the data-mart to identify patients with high probability of MS. Additional algorithms were developed similarly to model outcomes of disease activity using a subset of patients enrolled in Partners MS Center and calculated variance explained by the models (R 2 ). RESULTS: We developed a robust EHR-based algorithm to classify MS. Setting the specificity at 95%, the algorithm has an area under the curve=0.958, sensitivity=83%, positive predictive value=92% and negative predictive value=89%. We captured 5,495 MS patients from the EHR, including 1153 patients enrolled in the Partners MS Center. Using this patient-subset with available disease activity measures as gold-standard, we developed algorithms based on EHR variables to impute brain volume (R 2 =0.43) and MS severity score (R 2 =0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of sophisticated structured and free-text EHR data allows improved identification of MS patients. EHR-derived cohorts, when linked with biobanks of discarded biological material, provide novel resources to rapidly implement studies of MS disease activity, comorbidities, pharmacogenomics and presymptomatic disease. If replicated, our novel informatics methods offer promise towards efficient and cost-effective development of multi-center cohorts for translational and clinical research in MS. Supported by: Dr. Xia is supported by NIH K08 NS079493 and was a recipient of the Clinician Scientist Development Award from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and American Academy of Neurology. Disclosure: Dr. Xia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chibnik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Secor has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Jager has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Teva Neuroscience, and Biogen Idec. Dr. De Jager has received research support from Biogen Idec.
A Proposal for a Shared Medical School Curricular Ecosystem.

New digital platforms are transforming learning in higher education and providing high-quality education content at little or no cost. Educators can now reach large, even global audiences. Yet, many medical schools continue to develop and maintain custom but duplicative curricular content despite ha
Evidence for Spin Fluctuations in the Mixed Valent Superconductors Ce(Ru1-xOsx)3B2

Compounds containing cerium span a remarkably diverse range of electronic and magnetic properties. Among cerium based compounds are semiconductors,1 re-entrant superconductors,2 mixed valent and Kondo systems,3 superconducting and non-superconducting heavy fermion systems,4 and system exhibiting anomalous ferromagnetism.5 The hexagonal (P6/mmm) compound CeRu3B2 and the iso-electronic CeOs3B2 are known to be superconducting with transition temperatures of 1.1 K and 3.5 K, respectively.6,7 Bulk nature of the superconductivity in these compounds has been confirmed by specific heat measurements.7 Static susceptibility measurements indicate strong mixed valence of cerium in these compounds.7 In this paper we present data from an investigation of the variation of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) with Os concentration in the pseudoternary series Ce(Ru1−xOsx)3B2, as well as results of static susceptibility and dc electrical resistivity measurements across the series.
Early Targeting of L-Selectin on Leukocytes Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury, Implicating Novel Mechanisms of Pathogenesis

L-selectin, a lectin-like receptor on all leukocyte classes, functions in adhesive and signaling roles in the recruitment of myeloid cells from the blood to sites of inflammation. Here, we consider L-selectin as a determinant of neurological recovery in a murine model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord-injured, L-selectin knock-out (KO) mice (male) showed improved long-term recovery with greater white matter sparing relative to wild-type (WT) mice and reduced oxidative stress in the injured cord at 72 h post-SCI. There was a partial and transient reduction in accumulation of neutrophils in the injured spinal cords of KOs at 24 h post-injury. To complement these findings with KO mice, we sought a pharmacologic means for lowering L-selectin levels. We found that diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), induced the shedding of L-selectin from the cell surface of myeloid subsets, specifically neutrophils and non-classical monocytes, in the blood and the injured spinal cord. Diclofenac administration to injured WT mice enhanced neurological recovery to a level comparable to that of KOs but did not improve recovery in KOs. While diclofenac treatment had no effect on myeloid cell accumulation, there was a reduction in oxidative stress at 72 h post-SCI. These findings implicate L-selectin in secondary pathogenesis beyond a role in leukocyte recruitment and raise the possibility of repurposing diclofenac for the treatment of SCI.
Elevating MAST-Data Publications with Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)

The use of digital object identifiers (DOIs) to identify data sets used in original research allows peer reviewers and journal editors to more easily validate research methods and verify results. Fellow astronomers can duplicate results or expand on initial findings when the precise data used in a research project are identified. Precise identification of data may allow archives and observatories to better understand how the community is accessing and combining its data to reach new scientific conclusions. Earlier studies have suggested that papers with linked data are more highly cited in the literature, providing motivation for authors to adopt more stringent and thorough data citation practices.
Wnt5a causes ROR1 to complex and activate cortactin to enhance migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) migrate between the blood and lymphoid tissues in response to chemokines. Such migration requires structured cytoskeletal-actin polymerization, which may involve the protein cortactin. We discovered that treatment of CLL cells with Wnt5a causes Receptor tyosin kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) to bind cortactin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at Y421, recruits ARHGEF1, and activates RhoA, thereby enhancing leukemia-cell migration; such effects could be inhibited by cirmtuzumab, a humanized mAb specific for ROR1. We transfected the CLL-cell-line MEC1 with either full-length ROR1 or various mutant forms of ROR1 to examine the structural features required for binding cortactin. We found that the proline-rich domain (PRD) was necessary for ROR1 to recruit cortactin. We generated MEC1 cells that each expressed a mutant form of ROR1 with a single amino-acid substitution of alanine (A) for proline (P) in potential SH3-binding sites in the ROR1-PRD at positions 784, 808, 826, 841, or 850. In contrast to wild-type ROR1, or other ROR1P=>A mutants, ROR1P(841)A failed to complex with cortactin or ARHGEF1 in response to Wnt5a. Moreover, Wnt5a could not induce MEC1-ROR1P(841)A to phosphorylate cortactin or enhance CLL-cell F-actin polymerization. Taken together, these studies show that cortactin plays an important role in ROR1-dependent Wnt5a-enhanced CLL-cell migration.
Challenges and strategies for hypertension management: qualitative analysis of small primary care practices with varying blood pressure control.

BACKGROUND Electronic health record (EHR) data on blood pressure (BP) control among patients with hypertension show that practices' rates vary greatly. This suggests providers use different approaches in managing hypertension, and so we aimed to explore challenges small primary care practice providers face and strategies they use to manage patients' BP. We explored differences between providers with high and low BP control rates to help inform future quality improvement work. METHODS In 2015, we recruited practices in New York City with five or fewer providers. We employed a stratified purposeful sampling method, using EHR data to categorize small practices into groups based on the proportion of patients with hypertension whose last BP was = 80%), average control (60-80%) and low control (<60%). We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with clinicians from 23 practices-7 high control, 10 average control and 6 low control-regarding hypertension management. We used a combined inductive/deductive approach to identify key themes, and these themes guided a comparison of high and low BP control providers. RESULTS Small practice providers reported treatment non-adherence as one of the primary challenges in managing patients' hypertension, and described using patient education, relationship building and self-management tools to address this issue. Providers differed qualitatively in the way they described using these strategies; high BP control providers described more actively engaging and listening to patients than low control providers did. CONCLUSIONS How providers communicate with patients may impact outcomes-future quality improvement initiatives should consider trainings to improve patient-provider communication.
Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). This study evaluated the outcomes of the Cox-Maze IV procedure in patients with TIC and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Methods Between January 2002 and January 2017, 37 consecutive patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 0.40 or less underwent stand-alone surgical ablation of AF. After dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathies were excluded, 34 of 37 patients met the criteria for the diagnosis of TIC. Results Patients were a mean age of 56 ± 11 years, and 24 (70%) had long-standing persistent AF. The median AF duration was 72 months (interquartile range, 9 to 276 months). Seventeen patients (50%) had at least one catheter-based ablation that failed. Mean LVEF was 0.32 ± 0.08. There were 11 patients (32%) with New York Heart Association Functional Classification III/IV symptoms. There was one (3%) 30-day mortality caused by a pulmonary embolus, despite full anticoagulation. At 12 months, freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias on or off antiarrhythmic drugs was 94% and 89%, respectively. Postoperative echocardiograms were available for 27 of 33 patients (82%). The LVEF improved to a mean of 0.55 ± 0.08 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.58; p Conclusions Restoration of sinus rhythm with the Cox-Maze IV was associated with significant improvement in the LVEF in patients with AF and TIC. This retrospective study illustrates the efficacy of the Cox-Maze IV in this patient population both at restoring sinus rhythm and improving ventricular function. Patients with TIC and poor left ventricular function in whom other treatments have failed should be strongly considered for surgical ablation.
eHealth Literacy in Otolaryngology Patients.

Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare eHealth literacy—one’s perception of one’s ability to use the Internet for health care—among otolaryngology patients in 3 geographic settings of the ...
Truth, Facts, and Properties

The meaning of propositional truth is captured by William Alston’s T-scheme: “the proposition ‘that p’ is true iff p.” Truth is determined by the “way the world is,” whether in non-moral or moral contexts. True propositions express facts, but false propositions do not. Facts are states of affairs that obtain, and true propositions expresses such states of affairs. Thus, ‘It is wrong for Smith to strike Jones’, if true, expresses a state of affairs that obtains, namely, that it is wrong for Smith to strike Jones. Types of states of affairs are determined by the types of properties characterizing those states of affairs. Moral states of affairs are “moral” because they instance moral properties, which supervene on physical properties.