cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Channel incision, evolution and potential recovery in the Walla Walla and Tucannon River basins, northwestern USA

We evaluated controls on locations of channel incision, variation in channel evolution pathways and the time required to reconnect incised channels to their historical floodplains in the Walla Walla and Tucannon River basins, northwestern USA. Controls on incision locations are hierarchically nested. A first-order geological control defines locations of channels prone to incision, and a second-order control determines which of these channels are incised. Channels prone to incision are reaches with silt-dominated valley fills, which have sediment source areas dominated by loess deposits and channel slopes less than 0·1(area)−0·45. Among channels prone to incision, channels below a second slope–area threshold (slope = 0·15(area)−0·8) did not incise. Once incised, channels follow two different evolution models. Small, deeply incised channels follow Model I, which is characterized by the absence of a significant widening phase following incision. Widening is limited by accumulation of bank failure deposits at the base of banks, which reduces lateral channel migration. Larger channels follow Model II, in which widening is followed by development of an inset floodplain and aggradation. In contrast to patterns observed elsewhere, we found the widest incised channels upstream of narrower reaches, which reflects a downstream decrease in bed load supply. Based on literature values of floodplain aggradation rates, we estimate recovery times for incised channels (the time required to reconnect to the historical floodplain) between 60 and 275 years. Restoration actions such as allowing modest beaver recolonization can decrease recovery time by 17–33 per cent. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed observation filtering for neural data

Electrophysiological recordings of brain activity include point process spike trains as well as continuous valued signals such as electroencephalograms (EEG), electrocorticograms (ECoG), and local field potentials (LFP). The brain represents information about the outside world in neural spiking activity, which is reflected in each of these signal modalities. An important problem in neuroscience data analysis involves estimating dynamic biological and behavioral signals from neural recordings. Here, we develop an adaptive filtering paradigm for estimating dynamic state processes from mixed observation processes that contain both point process and continuous valued observations. In our analysis of these filtering algorithms, we draw analogies to well-studied linear estimation algorithms such as the Kalman and Extended Kalman filters. We demonstrate the application of this mixed filtering paradigm to the problem of estimating a reaching movement trajectory from simulated simultaneously recorded motor cortical spiking and LFP activity. We demonstrate that the mixed filter is better able to capture information about the movement trajectory than are filters based on the spiking activity or LFPs alone.
Abdominally implanted transmitters with percutaneous antennas affect the dive performance of Common Eiders

Abstract. Implanted transmitters have become an important tool for studying the ecology of sea ducks, but their effects remain largely undocumented. To address this, we assessed how abdominally implanted transmitters with percutaneous antennas affect the vertical dive speeds, stroke frequencies, bottom time, and dive duration of captive Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima). To establish baselines, we recorded video of six birds diving 4.9 m prior to surgery, implanted them with 38- to 47-g platform transmitter terminals, and then recorded their diving for 3.5 months after surgery to determine effects. Descent speeds were 16–25% slower and ascent speeds were 17–44% slower after surgery, and both remained below baseline at the end of the study. Dive durations were longer than baseline until day 22. On most days between 15 and 107 days after surgery, foot-stroke frequencies of birds foraging on the bottom were slower. Foot- and wing-stroke frequencies during descent and bottom time did not differ across the ...
Self-Adaptive Evidence Propagation on Manycore Processors

Evidence propagation is a major step in exact inference, a key problem in exploring probabilistic graphical models. Evidence propagation is essentially a series of computations between the potential tables in cliques and separators of a given junction tree. In real applications, the size of the potential tables varies dramatically. Thus, to achieve scalability over dozens of threads remains a fundamental challenge for evidence propagation on many core processors. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive method for evidence propagation on many core processors. Given an arbitrary junction tree, we convert evidence propagation in the junction tree into a task dependency graph. The proposed self-adaptive scheduler dynamically adjusts the number of threads for scheduling or executing tasks according to the task dependency graph. Such a self-adaptability prevents the schedulers being too idle or too busy during the scheduling process. We implemented the proposed method on the Sun UltraSPARC T2 (Niagara~2) platform that supports up to 64 hardware threads. Through a set of experiments, we show that the proposed method scales well with respect to various input junction trees and exhibits superior performance when compared with several baseline methods for evidence propagation.
Spatial Distribution and Channel Quality Adaptive Protocol for Multihop Wireless Broadcast Routing in VANET

Multihop wireless broadcast is an important component in vehicular networks. Many applications are built on broadcast communications, so efficient routing methods are critical for their success. Here, we develop the Distribution-Adaptive Distance with Channel Quality (DADCQ) protocol to address this need and show that it performs well compared to several existing multihop broadcast proposals. The DADCQ protocol utilizes the distance method to select forwarding nodes. The performance of this method depends heavily on the value of the decision threshold, but it is difficult to choose a value that results in good performance across all scenarios. Node density, spatial distribution pattern, and wireless channel quality all affect the optimal value. Broadcast protocols tailored to vehicular networking must be adaptive to variation in these factors. In this work, we address this design challenge by creating a decision threshold function that is simultaneously adaptive to the number of neighbors, the node clustering factor, and the Rician fading parameter. To calculate the clustering factor, we propose using the quadrat method of spatial analysis. The resulting DADCQ protocol is then verified with JiST/SWANS and shown to achieve high reachability and low bandwidth consumption in urban and highway scenarios with varying node density and fading intensity.
The Direct Analysis Method: Bridging the Gap from Linear Elastic Analysis to Advanced Analysis in Steel Frame Design

Developments in analytical software and computer hardware over the past few decades provide engineers with powerful tools for more realistically considering the behavior of steel structures . More sophisticated methods of analysis offer significant advantages in steel frame design by eliminating the need to calculate effective length factors and more directly including factors that affect system and member strength . One such method, the Direct Analysis approach, accounts for the effects of member inelasticity and frame imperfections in the assessment of both member and system strength. The latter is achieved by directly including t hese effects in calculating the distribution of forces in the structural system . This approach is applicable for use in the design office using commercially available software and it is applicable to a wide variety of structural problems including braced frames, moment frames and mixed systems. Just as importantly, the approach it allows for a natural transition between current elastic analysis procedures and the future availability of second-order inelastic analysis programs suitable for use with an adva nced analysis-design approach.
Global Justice as an Empirical Question

The question of global justice is among the most salient and controversial issues of our day. In the popular press it inspires a constant stream of books, articles, and film documentaries. It serves as the calling card for a major new social movement in rich and poor countries throughout the world (sometimes referred to as the “anti-globalization” movement). And it is an increasingly prominent issue in mainstream politics in Europe and the developing world (though not yet in the United States). If present trends continue, debates over global justice may become as ubiquitous in the 21st century as debates over socialism were in the previous century. For comments and suggestions on various versions of this manuscript I thank Wendy Hunter, Jim McGuire, Michael Ross, Strom Thacker, and the anonymous reviewers for this journal. For research assistance I am indebted to Hernan Roman. For financial support, I am grateful to Fred Pardee and the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future at Boston University.
Vascular β-adrenergic receptor system is dysfunctional after myocardial infarction

We identified abnormalities in the vascular β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) signaling pathway in heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). To examine these abnormalities, we measured β-AR-mediat...
Approach to the Patient with Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis

Mr. A, a 68-year-old male with no history of renal disease, was evaluated for upper respiratory symptoms including cough and postnasal drip. A 10-day course of amoxicillin was prescribed for presumed sinusitis. After 2 weeks, his symptoms did not improve, and levofloxacin was started. One month after the initial presentation, he presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea, abdominal pain, and nausea. Serum creatinine level is 7.1 mg/dL (1 month ago, serum creatinine was 1.0 mg/dL), and he is admitted to the hospital for urgent evaluation. On exam, he is afebrile, and blood pressure is 162/90 mmHg. Scattered bilateral pulmonary crackles were noted on exam, and chest X-ray revealed bilateral nodular pulmonary infiltrates. Urinalysis showed 3+ protein with renal epithelial cells, granular casts, 50 red blood cells (RBCs) per high power field (HPF) with many dysmorphic RBCs, and RBC casts on microscopy.
Using the West Key Number System as a Data Collection and Coding Device for Empirical Legal Scholarship: Demonstrating the Method Via a Study of Contract Interpretation

Empirical research is an increasingly important type of legal scholarship. Such research generally requires the collection and coding of large quantities of data. These tasks pose critical challenges for legal scholars. Most crucially, they are often resource-intensive. The primary purpose of this article is to explain how researchers can use the West Key Number System to dramatically streamline the process of data collection and coding. The article accomplishes this, in part, through a demonstration by employing the Key Number System to conduct an empirical study of contract interpretation. Contract interpretation is one of the most significant areas of commercial law. And the subject has received considerable scholarly attention during the last decade. Virtually all academic work in this field is doctrinal or theoretical. But numerous contract interpretation issues cry out for empirical investigation. The secondary purpose of this article is to test one of the central claims in the judicial and academic debate over the optimal method of contract interpretation — the claim that the “contextualist” approach to interpretation results in more litigation over the meaning of contracts than does the “textualist” approach. The results of the study set forth below are inconsistent with that thesis. By thirteen of fourteen measures, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of interpretation litigation between textualist and contextualist regimes. And for the fourteenth measure, while there was a statistically significant difference, the result was the opposite of that predicted by textualist theory: there was more litigation under textualism.
Predictors of overall survival in human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer using the National Cancer Data Base

Summary Objectives This study identifies clinical characteristics associated with HPV-positive oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and evaluates predictors of overall survival (OS) in HPV-positive patients undergoing definitive treatment within the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Material and methods The NCDB was queried for patients ⩾18 years old with OPSCC and known HPV status who underwent definitive treatment: surgery, radiation (RT), chemotherapy-RT (CRT), surgery + RT, surgery + CRT (S-CRT). Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis (MVA) to evaluate predictors of OS by HPV status. Results 3952 patients were included: 2454 (62%) were HPV-positive. Median follow up was 23.7 months (range, 1.0–54.5). Unadjusted 2-year OS rates for HPV-positive vs. negative were 93.1% vs. 77.8% ( p 0.001) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.36–0.53; p 0.001). MVA identified multimodality treatment including CRT (HR, 0.42; p = 0.024) and S-RT (HR, 0.30; p = 0.024), but not S-CRT (HR, 0.51; p = 0.086), as predictors for improved OS in HPV-positive stage III–IVB disease. Multimodality treatment including S-CRT was associated with longer OS in HPV-negative OPSCC. Nodal stage was poorly associated with OS in HPV-positive cancers. The presence of positive margins and/or extracapsular extension was associated with worse OS in HPV-negative (HR, 2.11; p = 0.008) but not HPV positive OPSCC (HR, 1.61; p = 0.154). Conclusion The established demographic and clinical features of HPV-positive OPSCC were corroborated in the NCDB. Population analysis suggests that AJCC staging is poorly associated with OS in HPV-positive cancer, and traditional high-risk features may be less impactful. Bimodality therapy appears beneficial in HPV-positive HNSCC.
Myocardial glycogen changes with exercise.

SummaryThe extent of glycogenesis during exercise and the pattern of glycogen recovery following exercise is similar in trained and untrained rats. However, the maximum value reached during recovery is significantly higher in the trained group. A supercompensation of skeletal muscle glycogen was not observed during this same period. The degree of glycogenesis during a fast is the same in trained and untrained rats and in both groups is enhanced if the fast is begun following a bout of exercise.
Role of the Vas Deferens in the Formation of the Spermatophore of the Crayfish (Cherax)

ABSTRACT The vas deferens of the crayfish Cherax albidus can be divided structurally and functionally into proximal, middle, and distal regions. In cross sections, the vas deferens is comprised of secretory epithelium surrounded by connective tissue and circular striated muscle. The muscle coat thickens around the distal vas deferens, where it is used to extrude spermatophores for transfer to the female during mating. The lumen of the vas deferens contains the spermatophore in various stages of development. Sperm entering the thin proximal vas deferens are supported in a matrix which becomes surrounded by the primary spermatophore layer during transit through the proximal segment. The primary spermatophore layer condenses from secretory products released at the apex of the epithelium by both apocrine and exocytotic mechanisms. The sperm mass and surrounding primary spermatophore layer form a sperm cord which becomes highly convoluted upon passing into the middle vas deferens. The middle vas deferens also begins secreting the secondary spermatophore layer. This layer is comprised of a low density matrix and large and small electron-dense granules. The final synthesis and secretion of the secondary spermatophore layer occurs in the distal vas deferens, which also functions in storing the mature spermatophore. The components of the secondary spermatophore layer are released from the epithelial cells by both aprocrine and exocytotic mechanisms. The secondary spermatophore layer becomes cohesive and relatively insoluble during passage through the distal vas deferens.
Solar cycle variations of thermospheric composition at the solstices

We examine the solar cycle variability of thermospheric composition (O/N2) at the solstices. Our observational and modeling studies show that the summer-to-winter latitudinal gradient of O/N2 is small at solar minimum but large at solar maximum; O/N2 is larger at solar maximum than at solar minimum on a global-mean basis; there is a seasonal asymmetry in the solar cycle variability of O/N2, with large solar cycle variations in the winter hemisphere and small solar cycle variations in the summer hemisphere. Model analysis reveals that vertical winds decrease the temperature-driven solar cycle variability in the vertical gradient of O/N2 in the summer hemisphere but increase it in the winter hemisphere; consequently, the vertical gradient of O/N2 does not change much in the summer hemisphere over a solar cycle, but it increases greatly from solar minimum to solar maximum in the winter hemisphere; this seasonal asymmetry in the solar cycle variability in the vertical gradient of O/N2 causes a seasonal asymmetry in the vertical advection of O/N2, with small solar cycle variability in the summer hemisphere and large variability in the winter hemisphere, which in turn drives the observed seasonal asymmetry in the solar cycle variability of O/N2. Since the equatorial ionization anomaly suppresses upwelling in the summer hemisphere and strengthens downwelling in the winter hemisphere through plasma-neutral collisional heating and ion drag, locations and relative magnitudes of the equatorial ionization anomaly crests and their solar cycle variabilities can significantly impact the summer-to-winter gradients of O/N2 and their solar cycle variability.
The Development Strategy of Science and Technology Innovation Service-platform Under the New Normal—Dongguan City in Guangdong Province as an Example

This paper introduces and analyses the operation situation of Dongguan science and technology innovation service platform,combined with the triple helix theory,achievements transformation theory,and the theory of regional innovation ecological research. With the performance evaluation of 19 innovation platforms,it explores the successful experiences and existing problems in operation mode,incentive mechanism,management measures and so on. Finally the paper puts forward some advices about promoting efficiency for platform innovation.
Analysis and Treatment of the Vacuumization Problems of a 660 MW Supercritical Direct Air-cooling Unit

The paper analyzes the vacuumization problems before the first cold-start of the 660 MW supercritical direct air-cooling unit of a power plant expansion project,including the long pre-vacuum time and no change of backwater temperature of the condensation water when vacuum decreases sharply after opening of the steam turbine bypass,and relevant treatment measures are proposed,which can provide a reference for other steam turbine units when similar problems appear.
Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I activity are resistant to Entamoeba histolytica-mediated cytotoxicity.

Abstract To study the relationship between carbohydrate-specific amebic cytoadherence and ameba-mediated cytotoxicity, we measured Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite-mediated cytolysis directed against a panel of four Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that have defined alterations in their glycosylation patterns. We recently measured amebic trophozoite adherence to this panel of CHO cells and showed that trophozoites bind variant cells (RICR 15B), which are deficient in Asn-linked N-acetyllactosamine units, at 12% of the level observed for wild-type cells (E. Li, A. Becker, and S. L. Stanley, J. Exp. Med 167:1725-1730, 1988). Using a 51Cr release assay to measure trophozoite-mediated cytolysis, we demonstrate in this study that RICR 15B cells are less susceptible to trophozoite-mediated cytolysis than are wild-type cells. In addition, we found that N-acetyllactosamine, which inhibits trophozoite adherence to CHO cells, also inhibited trophozoite-mediated cytolysis of wild-type cells. These studies indicate that surface carbohydrates on target cells can influence susceptibility to ameba-mediated cytotoxicity. This panel of CHO cells provides a useful model system for investigating the role of glycoconjugates in mediating amebic interactions with mammalian cells.
Seed mediated growth of gold nanorods: towards nanorod matryoshkas

After a brief review of anisotropy on the nanoscale, experiments in which nanorod core-shell-shell particles are grown are presented. These "nanomatryoshkas" consist of a gold nanorod core, a silica shell, and a final gold shell. Calculation of the near-field properties of these structures using the discrete dipole approximation uncovers the change in location of local electric fields upon gold outer shell growth. Electrochemical experiments of the weak reducing agents used to grow the gold nanorod cores suggest a correlation between the strength of the reducing agent and its ability to promote longer nanorod growth. The final nanostructures do not exhibit a smooth outer shell, unlike their spherical counterparts.
The Use of Microcosms for Evaluation of Interactions between Pollutants and Microorganisms

Experimental studies of the interactions within microbial communities have been a standard banner of microbial ecologists for many years. Their emphasis has been to bridge the gap between pure culture studies in the laboratory and field observations in natural ecosystems. Concern over the long-term effects of pollution on ecosystem processes has continuously challenged existing knowledge about the types, rates, and extents of these interactions, including their resistance and resilience to a large array of man-made perturbations.
Identification of a Functional Interferon-Gamma Response Element in the Fibrinogen FGG Gene.

Abstract 3174 Poster Board III-114 Fibrinogen is the zymogen precursor to the main structural protein in blood coagulation, and is proteolytically activated during coagulation to form fibrin clots. Fibrinogen is an acute phase protein that is produced by the liver, and elevated fibrinogen levels are a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. Fibrinogen is synthesized from three separate genes, FGA, FGB, and FGG encoding the Aαa, Bβ, and γ chains, respectively. Several inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), are known to up-regulate fibrinogen synthesis, while interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-αa, and transforming growth factor-β are known to antagonize IL-6 stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis. Here we report that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a cytokine that is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, decreases the production of fibrinogen by two-fold over a 24 hour period in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, both at the protein and mRNA level. In addition, IFN-γ antagonizes IL-6 up-regulation of fibrinogen production. Since IFN-γ is known to signal via the IFN-γ receptor through a STAT1-dependent pathway, we investigated the mechanism by which IFN-γ inhibits fibrinogen production. We identify a previously unknown IFN-γ activation sequence (GAS), AGGAGCTTACATAAAGGGACAA, within the promoter of the human γ chain gene FGG. This sequence is homologous to the known GAS consensus sequence TTNCNNNAA. Nuclear extracts from IFN-γ-stimulated HepG2 cells, but not from unstimulated HepG2 cells, form a complex with oligonucleotides containing this GAS sequence, as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The formation of this complex is blocked by unlabeled competing oligonucleotides and by an antibody to phosphorylated STAT1. The involvement of pSTAT1 in this complex is consistent with the known role of pSTAT1 downstream of IFN-γ receptor signaling. In addition, IFN-γ stimulates STAT1 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, using an FGG promoter construct fused to a luciferase reporter gene in transiently transfected HepG2 cells, we show that IFN-γ inhibits luciferase expression in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these data demonstrate that IFN-γ down-regulation of fibrinogen production occurs through a pSTAT1-mediated pathway. Since IFN-γ is known to demonstrate both pro and anti-atherogenic actions, this down-regulation of fibrinogen production may serve an anti-atherogenic function in vivo. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Test of Concept Study of At-Home, Self-Administered HIV Testing With Web-Based Peer Counseling Via Video Chat for Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly MSM who identify as African-American or Black (BMSM), are the sociodemographic group that is most heavily burdened by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in the United States. To meet national HIV testing goals, there must be a greater emphasis on novel ways to promote and deliver HIV testing to MSM. Obstacles to standard, clinic-based HIV testing include concerns about stigmatization or recognition at in-person testing sites, as well as the inability to access a testing site due to logistical barriers. Objective: This study examined the feasibility of self-administered, at-home HIV testing with Web-based peer counseling to MSM by using an interactive video chatting method. The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether individuals would participate in at-home HIV testing with video chat–based test counseling with a peer counselor, (2) address logistical barriers to HIV testing that individuals who report risk for HIV transmission may experience, and (3) reduce anticipated HIV stigma, a primary psychosocial barrier to HIV testing. Methods: In response to the gap in HIV testing, a pilot study was developed and implemented via mailed, at-home HIV test kits, accompanied by HIV counseling with a peer counselor via video chat. A total of 20 MSM were enrolled in this test of concept study, 80% of whom identified as BMSM. Results: All participants reported that at-home HIV testing with a peer counseling via video chat was a satisfying experience. The majority of participants (13/18, 72%) said they would prefer for their next HIV testing and counseling experience to be at home with Web-based video chat peer counseling, as opposed to testing in an office or clinic setting. Participants were less likely to report logistical and emotional barriers to HIV testing at the 6-week and 3-month follow-ups. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-administered HIV testing with Web-based peer counseling is feasible and that MSM find it to be a satisfactory means by which they can access their test results. This study can serve as a general guideline for future, larger-scale studies of Web-based HIV test counseling for MSM. [JMIR Public Health Surveill 2016;2(2):e170]
Settler Colonialism, Native American Motherhood, and the Politics of Terminating Pregnancies

Theobald explores the intersection of colonial and reproductive politics in the United States and contends that for Native American women, the politics of abortion cannot be disentangled from the (ongoing) history of settler colonialism. The chapter provides an overview of two different historical “moments.” At the turn of the twentieth century, as policymakers and social reformers promoted the assimilation of Native peoples, Euro-American observers stigmatized Indigenous reproductive practices and shifted the blame for reservation conditions from colonial policies to Indigenous women’s bodies and behaviors. In the decades following World War II, the relative inaccessibility of abortion for Native women, both before and after Roe, served to delineate the parameters of “choice,” as Native women’s maternal rights came under attack in various forms.
Novel frequency determination method for dynamic magnet temperature estimation of a five phase PMa-SynRM using signal injection method

The use of signal injection methods in the estimation of magnet temperature is an innovative and non-intrusive approach used in permanent magnet motors. One of the biggest challenges in these approaches however involves the determination of the optimal frequency of the injected signal in order to accommodate its detection, accuracy, sensitivity and implementation. This paper presents an innovative strategy which will dynamically determine the bandwidth of suitable frequencies at which these signals may be injected in a five-phase Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMa-SynRM). The process involves the elimination of the known fundamental, harmonic and fault dependent frequencies from the current frequency spectrum to resolve a range of remaining frequencies at which the signal may be injected. A randomization process is then adopted to determine a frequency from the dynamically determined range of available frequencies to effectively estimate the magnet temperature. The experimental analysis has been conducted on a five-phase 3.7kW PMa-SynRM and the values obtained have been verified using an innovative wireless temperature measurement setup.
Use of radiotracer labeling of pulmonary nodules to facilitate excisional biopsy and metastasectomy in children with solid tumors

Abstract Purpose Excision of suspected pulmonary metastases in children is challenging in the setting of multiple nodules or nodules that are small, deep, or soft. This study describes preoperative technetium macro-aggregated albumin (Tc 99m MAA) localization of pulmonary lesions to aid in intraoperative identification and resection. Methods Patients with past or present pediatric solid tumors who underwent resection of pulmonary nodules following CT-guided Tc 99m MAA labeling were identified. The primary outcomes were successful preoperative localization and subsequent resection. Results Metastasectomy following Tc 99m MAA localization was performed 15 times in 11 patients from 2014 to 2016. Mean age was 13years; the most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (33%). Tc 99m MAA labeling was attempted in 24 nodules with mean nodule diameter 6±5mm and mean depth from the pleural surface of 12±17mm; localization was successful in 23 nodules (96%). Subsequent resection was performed by thoracotomy in 12 cases and thoracoscopy in 3. All labeled nodules were identified intraoperatively; two were not resected and 17 of the 21 nodules resected demonstrated metastatic disease on pathology. Conclusion Tc 99m MAA labeling of pulmonary nodules in children is effective in facilitating resection of sub-centimeter intraparenchymal metastases identified on preoperative imaging. Furthermore, this technique allows for thoracoscopic metastasectomy in select patients. Type of study/level of evidence Case Series/Level IV.
Medication adherence among adolescent solid‐organ transplant recipients: A survey of healthcare providers

The aim of this study was to assess healthcare provider perspectives on barriers to medication adherence and to discover recommendations for interventions among providers of pediatric solid-organ transplant patients. An anonymous online survey was administered to a multidisciplinary pool of pediatric transplant providers from February 2015 to March 2016. It consisted of 15 questions regarding transplant providers' attitudes, clinical practice, and beliefs pertaining to medication adherence among teenage solid-organ transplant recipients. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Responses to open-ended questions were coded and categorized into themes. One hundred ten surveys were completed by providers specializing in pediatric heart, kidney, liver, lung, and/or intestinal transplantation. Commonly cited reasons for poor adherence were forgetting/poor planning (94%), the desire to be normal (86%), lack of support (86%), and poor parental monitoring (79%). Suggestions to improve adherence included increasing peer and family support, providing education, and incorporating technology into adherence regimens. Barriers to adherence in transplant patients are recognized by providers and are both similar to and disparate from patient and family identified barriers published in the literature. Providers recognize the importance of education, social support, and technologically driven interventions on improving outcomes in the transplant population.
A Cool Urban Island Change 1990 - 2014. Comparative Bioclimatic Analysis in a Desert Climate, the Case of Antofagasta City Square

This article proposes to make a comparative bioclimatic analysis from 1990 to 2014 of the main square of Antofagasta, a coastal desert city in Chile, which was remodelled in 1995, and shows how the redesigning of green areas affects the microclimatic conditions and thermal comfort of the urban space. Ex ante measurements dating 1990 were compared with ex post results from 2014. Data were obtained in both cases in the month of September at different times of a day and in different climate conditions. The variables studied were: land surface temperature, humidity, wind speed, amount of light and square use frequency inside the square and in surrounding streets. The temperatures are not statistically different during the years 1990 and 2014 for the city of Antofagasta. The main layout of the square has not changed, and inside the square it is similar for both periods, but new species were introduced and bigger trees with shadow projection were cut down. The square had a micro-climate role in 2014 as well as in 1990. The highest frequency zone with an important surface lost it is comfort thermic condition with an increase of 1°C. Other smaller zones with less relevance for users gained in cooling with a 0.5°C reduction. The new design has been detrimental to the intensity of its micro climatic regulatory function affecting the thermic comfort of the square's internal spaces, especially those formerly protected by shadow, which mitigate a high solar radiation. The study results suggest that bio-climatic analysis of public open spaces is a key component for the design of future projects as a heat mitigating tool in the context of climate change. Research question is: How does the redesign of the square impact a cool urban island and the thermic comfort of users? Significant differences between data in situ collected in 1990 and 2014. Thermal comfort was negatively affected by the redesign in the square. The square is still a cool island but with less strength.
Differential Regulation of Zfp30 Expression in Murine Airway Epithelia Through Altered Binding of ZFP148 to rs51434084

Neutrophil chemotaxis to the airways is a key aspect of host response to microbes and a feature of multiple pulmonary diseases including asthma. Tight regulation of this recruitment is critical to prevent unwanted host tissue damage and inflammation. Using a mouse (Mus musculus) model of asthma applied to the Collaborative Cross population, we previously identified a lung gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for Zinc finger protein 30 (Zfp30) that was also a QTL for neutrophil recruitment and the hallmark neutrophil chemokine CXCL1. The Zfp30 eQTL is defined by three functionally distinct haplotypes. In this study, we searched for causal genetic variants that underlie the Zfp30 eQTL to gain a better understanding of this candidate repressor's regulation. First, we identified a putative regulatory region spanning 500 bp upstream of Zfp30, which contains 10 SNPs that form five haplotypes. In reporter gene assays in vitro, these haplotypes recapitulated the three previously identified in vivo expression patterns. Second, using site-directed mutagenesis followed by reporter gene assays, we identified a single variant, rs51434084, which explained the majority of variation in expression between two out of three haplotype groups. Finally, using a combination of in silico predictions and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified ZFP148 as a transcription factor that differentially binds to the Zfp30 promoter region harboring rs51434084. In conclusion, we provide evidence in support of rs51434084 being a causal variant for the Zfp30 eQTL, and have identified a mechanism by which this variant alters Zfp30 expression, namely differential binding of ZFP148.
Principled Machine Learning Using the Super Learner: An Application to Predicting Prison Violence:

A rapidly growing number of algorithms are available to researchers who apply statistical or machine learning methods to answer social science research questions. The unique advantages and limitati...
Communication survey of CH-47D crewmembers.

U.S. Army CH-47D cargo helicopter crewmembers are exposed to high levels of noise on a routine basis, yet must accomplish demanding missions that rely heavily on clear communication. This study looked at the auditory influences affecting communication by 17 crewmembers of a CH-47D Army Reserve unit. Results revealed (1) noise levels that exceed those of other Army rotary-winged aircraft, (2) different exposure levels for aviators and crewchiefs, (3) an overall preference for hearing "critical or diagnostic" aircraft sounds rather than wearing double hearing protection, (4) complaints of post-flight tinnitus or muffled hearing, (5) helmet discomfort among the majority of crewmembers, (6) a high incidence of hearing loss, (7) difficulties in adjusting radio volume controls for aviators, and (8) the effects of eyeglasses or protective masks on hearing and communications.
Cholinesterases in cerebrospinal fluid. Correlations with clinical measures in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in cerebrospinal fluid were measured in 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 6 control patients, as potential clinical measures of impaired cholinergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease. The activity of butyrylcholinesterase was decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to that observed in control patients, but there was overlap between values in the 2 groups. Low butyrylcholinesterase activity was correlated with severity of dementia, memory impairment, and language disorder. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly correlated with visual contrast sensitivity, but not with dementia severity, and did not differentiate patients with Alzheimer's disease from control cases. These results suggest that cholinesterases in cerebrospinal fluid are related to brain cholinesterases, and indicate that the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase should be distinguished in studies of cerebrospinal fluid.
Limitations of procedures for improving group problem solving.

These experiments were designed to test whether the quality of group problem solving could be improved by instructing groups to follow certain procedures. 192 groups of 2 male and 1 female S each s...
Apalutamide + abiraterone + leuprolide with stereotactic, ultra-hypofractionated radiation (AASUR) in very high risk prostate cancer (PCa).

TPS5100Background: Radiotherapy and long course (18-28 months) androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a current standard of care in very high risk PCa; however, biochemical failure remains frequent....
A Framework for Ranking IoMT Solutions Based on Measuring Security and Privacy

Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is now growing rapidly, with Internet-enabled devices helping people to track and monitor their health, early diagnosis of their health issues, treat their illness, and administer therapy. Because of its increasing demand and its accessibility to high Internet speed, IoMT has opened doors for security vulnerabilities to healthcare systems. The lack of security awareness among IoMT users can provoke serious and perhaps fatal security issues. The disastrous consequences of these issues will not only disrupt medical services (e.g., ransomware) causing financial losses but will also put the patients’ lives at risk. This paper proposes a framework to compare and rank IoMT solutions based on their protection and defense capability using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The proposed framework measures the security, including privacy, in the compared IoMT solutions against a set of user requirements and using a detailed set of assessment criteria. This works aims to help in determining and avoiding risks associated with insecure IoMT solutions and reduce the gap between solution providers and consumers by increasing the security awareness and transparency.
From Print Error to Human Errancy in Print

Part I, “The Comedy of Errata,” disinters the clash and periodic carnivalism between humanist drives and typographic culture. For the sake of focus and cohesion, Nayar constricts herself to the Renaissance culture of print error. With even more ontological breadth, Nayar attends to the period’s growing, print-induced potential for rhetorical errancy, including pitched polemics, plagiarism, and even a perceived errancy of the English language itself. “From Print Error to Human Errancy in Print” provides, in this way, a necessary build-up of context—a kind of ethnographic collation of print error—suitable and necessary for engaging with Chap. 3.
A Comparison of PV Power Forecasts Using PVLib-Python

We used the open-source PVLib-Python library to create PV power forecasts for a fleet of utility scale power plants and assessed their accuracies. PVLib-Python allows users to easily retrieve standardized weather forecast data relevant to PV power modeling from NOAA models including the GFS, NAM, RAP, HRRR, and the NDFD. A PV power forecast can then be obtained using the weather data as inputs to the comprehensive modeling capabilities of PVLib-Python. We used these models to benchmark the performance of the University of Arizona's configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Standardized, open source, reference implementations of forecast methods using publicly available data may help advance the state-of-the-art of solar power forecasting.
E-123 In vitro remote aspiration embolectomy for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Background and purpose ‘Remote aspiration’, using suction from the proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) to open terminus occlusions, has been reported in small, previous case series. It remains unclear, however, whether remote aspiration for middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions in the setting of potential inflow from communicating arteries is feasible. We performed an in vitro study to assess whether suction applied at various locations proximal to an occlusion could successfully aspirate the clot. Methods A glass model of 4 mm internal diameter (ID) with a 1 mm distal narrowing and a 2 mm side branch to simulate a communicating artery was constructed. A proximal side branch was placed to simulate inflow from the proximal ICA (figure 1). Experimental clot analogues with different histologic proportions of red blood cells (RBCs) and fibrin were created, including RBC-rich, fibrin-rich and mixed clots, and placed under 90 mm Hg mean arterial pressure to lodge at the site of the constriction. The impact of three different sized catheters (ID: 0.088’, 0.070’, and 0.056’) was tested with the tip of the catheter placed remotely either distal or proximal to the collateral branch. Aspiration was attempted with 1) both valves open, to simulate no proximal flow arrest and open collateral; 2) collateral valve open but the proximal valve closed to simulate proximal flow arrest; and 3) both valves closed. The outcome was success or failure of remote aspiration embolectomy. All scenarios were performed in triplicate. Results For the 0.088’ ID catheter, remote aspiration was successful in all conditions. For the 0.070’ ID catheter, remote aspiration was unsuccessful without proximal flow arrest, but was successful in all other scenarios. For the 0.056’ ID catheter, remote aspiration was successful only with both valves closed. Clot type and catheter tip location had no impact on outcome (figure 2). Conclusions These experiments suggest that, in a non-collapsible system, remote aspiration embolectomy can be successfully achieved even in the setting of prominent branch arteries, using relatively large aspiration catheters. Proximal flow arrest may facilitate successful remote aspiration for some catheter sizes. Disclosures A. Rizvi: None. S. Fitzgerald: None. D. Dragomir Daescu: None. R. Kadirvel: None. L. Rangel Castilla: None. W. Brinjikji: None. D. Kallmes: None.
Subcellular transcriptomes and proteomes of developing axon projections in the cerebral cortex

The development of neural circuits relies on axon projections establishing diverse, yet well-defined, connections between areas of the nervous system. Each projection is formed by growth cones-subcellular specializations at the tips of growing axons, encompassing sets of molecules that control projection-specific growth, guidance, and target selection1. To investigate the set of molecules within native growth cones that form specific connections, here we developed growth cone sorting and subcellular RNA-proteome mapping, an approach that identifies and quantifies local transcriptomes and proteomes from labelled growth cones of single projections in vivo. Using this approach on the developing callosal projection of the mouse cerebral cortex, we mapped molecular enrichments in trans-hemispheric growth cones relative to their parent cell bodies, producing paired subcellular proteomes and transcriptomes from single neuron subtypes directly from the brain. These data provide generalizable proof-of-principle for this approach, and reveal molecular specializations of the growth cone, including accumulations of the growth-regulating kinase mTOR2, together with mRNAs that contain mTOR-dependent motifs3,4. These findings illuminate the relationships between subcellular distributions of RNA and protein in developing projection neurons, and provide a systems-level approach for the discovery of subtype- and stage-specific molecular substrates of circuit wiring, miswiring, and the potential for regeneration.
Patterns and Crimes of Empire: Comparative Perspectives on Fascist and Non-Fascist Extermination

ABSTRACTUsing a comparative lens, this article explores patterns and crimes of empire, uncovering long-hidden continuities of extreme imperial-colonial violence. Specifically, it looks at five seem...
Bayesian Network vs. Cox's Proportional Hazard Model of PAH Risk: A Comparison.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and often deadly disease, originating from an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. The REVEAL risk score calculator [3] has been widely used and extensively validated by health-care professionals to predict PAH risks. The calculator is based on the Cox’s Proportional Hazard (CPH) model, a popular statistical technique used in risk estimation and survival analysis. In this study, we explore an alternative approach to the PAH patient risk assessment based on a Bayesian network (BN) model using the same variables and discretization cut points as the REVEAL risk score calculator. We applied a Tree Augmented Naive Bayes algorithm for structure and parameter learning from a data set of 2,456 adult patients from the REVEAL registry. We compared our BN model against the original CPH-based calculator quantitatively and qualitatively. Our BN model relaxes some of the CPH model assumptions, which seems to lead to a higher accuracy (AUC = 0.77) than that of the original calculator (AUC = 0.71). We show that hazard ratios, expressing strength of influence in the CPH model, are static and insensitive to changes in context, which limits applicability of the CPH model to personalized medical care.
Zeolite-Catalyzed Isobutene Amination: Mechanism and Kinetics

Amination of isobutene with NH3 was investigated over Bronsted acidic zeolites at 1 atm and 453–483 K. To compare catalytic activities over different zeolites, the measured reaction rates are norma...