cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ROS1 Receptor Family

The proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 is an evolutionarily conserved receptor that functions in development and cancer. Using genetic models and biochemical approaches, ROS1 was shown to play distinctive roles in epithelial cell differentiation during the development of a variety of organs. Although substantial, these advances remain hampered by the absence of an identified ligand, making ROS1 one of the last two remaining orphan receptor tyrosine kinases. Recent global in-depth cancer genomic studies have unveiled a variety of different chromosomal rearrangements that leads to the oncogenic activation of ROS1. Studies on the resulting ROS1 fusion kinases have shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying ROS1 transforming activities. ROS1 and its oncogenic fusion variants therefore constitute clinically relevant targets for cancer therapeutic intervention. This chapter highlights the various roles that this receptor plays in multiple system networks in normalcy and disease and points to future directions towards the elucidation of ROS1 function in the context of ligand identification, signaling pathways and clinical applications.
The Role of Thrombin in Vascular Development

Vasculogenesis is essential for embryonic development. The vasculature and the intravascular blood compartment develop in a close spatial and temporal relationship. Here we discuss how thrombin, as the common final effector of the blood coagulation system, helps to coordinate vasculogenesis. Mouse models lacking coagulation factors result in impaired thrombin generation and display a phenotype of disturbed vasculogenesis. Notably, either impaired thrombin binding to its cellular receptor PAR1 or disrupted downstream signaling via G-proteins results in very similar phenotypes in mouse models. Given that vasculogenesis in adults follows comparable signaling patterns as vasculogenesis in embryos, understanding these pathways allows the possibility of identifying potential therapeutic targets for the use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
The Use of Unique Time History Input Excitation in the Dynamic Characterization of Automotive Mounts

The traditional method of dynamic characterization of elastomers used in industry has largely been based on sinusoidal input excitation. Discrete frequency sine wave signals at specified amplitudes are used to excite the elastomer in a step-sine sweep fashion. This paper will examine new methods of characterization using various broadband input excitations. These different inputs include continuous sine sweep (chirp), shaped random, and acquired road profile data. Use of these broadband data types is expected to provide a more accurate representation of conditions seen in the field, while helping to eliminate much of the interpolation that is inherent with the classic discrete step-sine technique. Results of the various input types are compared in this paper with those found using the classic discrete step-sine input. One of the challenges lies in accurate reproduction of specific time histories, which is achieved using an iterative method in a hydraulic high-frequency elastomer test machine. This paper will elaborate on the time-history based method, as well as provide a description of accurate digital signal post-processing methods recommended for the various types of input.
Exposure to violence in the families-of-origin among wife-abusers and maritally nonviolent men.

This study examined violence in the families-of-origin among wife assaulters and maritally nonviolent men. Participants were 26 wife abusers and 18 nonviolent men in therapy. Early exposure to marital violence and child abuse was assessed through interviews that were coded both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results indicated that batterers were more likely than comparison subjects to have been abused as children, to have witnessed their father beating their mother, and to have been disciplined as children with corporal punishment. Fathers were no more likely than mothers to have abused the men. There were no differences between groups in reports of parental child abuse toward siblings of the men. Differences between groups in exposure to violence were studied to explain why men who grew up in violent homes were not abusive toward their spouses. Socioeconomic status and family dynamics were examined to explain the results. Language: en
Contact inhibition of locomotion determines cell–cell and cell–substrate forces in tissues

Cells organized in tissues exert forces on their neighbors and their environment. Those cellular forces determine tissue homeostasis as well as reorganization during embryonic development and wound healing. To understand how cellular forces are generated and how they can influence the tissue state, we develop a particle-based simulation model for adhesive cell clusters and monolayers. Cells are contractile, exert forces on their substrate and on each other, and interact through contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), meaning that cell-cell contacts suppress force transduction to the substrate and propulsion forces align away from neighbors. Our model captures the traction force patterns of small clusters of nonmotile cells and larger sheets of motile Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In agreement with observations in a spreading MDCK colony, the cell density in the center increases as cells divide and the tissue grows. A feedback between cell density, CIL, and cell-cell adhesion gives rise to a linear relationship between cell density and intercellular tensile stress and forces the tissue into a nonmotile state characterized by a broad distribution of traction forces. Our model also captures the experimentally observed tissue flow around circular obstacles, and CIL accounts for traction forces at the edge.
Individual heritable differences result in unique cell lymphocyte receptor repertoires of naive and antigen-experienced cells

The adaptive immune system's capability to protect the body requires a highly diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor repertoire. However, the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic differences on these repertoires is not typically measured. By leveraging the unique characteristics of B, CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subsets from monozygotic twins, we quantify the impact of heritable factors on both the V(D)J recombination process and on thymic selection. We show that the resulting biases in both V(D)J usage and N/P addition lengths, which are found in naive and antigen experienced cells, contribute to significant variation in the CDR3 region. Moreover, we show that the relative usage of V and J gene segments is chromosomally biased, with ∼1.5 times as many rearrangements originating from a single chromosome. These data refine our understanding of the heritable mechanisms affecting the repertoire, and show that biases are evident on a chromosome-wide level.
A new class of cyclin dependent kinase in Chlamydomonas is required for coupling cell size to cell division

Proliferating cells actively control their size by mechanisms that are poorly understood. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii divides by multiple fission, wherein a 'counting' mechanism couples mother cell-size to cell division number allowing production of uniform-sized daughters. We identified a sizer protein, CDKG1, that acts through the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor pathway as a D-cyclin-dependent RB kinase to regulate mitotic counting. Loss of CDKG1 leads to fewer mitotic divisions and large daughters, while mis-expression of CDKG1 causes supernumerous mitotic divisions and small daughters. The concentration of nuclear-localized CDKG1 in pre-mitotic cells is set by mother cell size, and its progressive dilution and degradation with each round of cell division may provide a link between mother cell-size and mitotic division number. Cell-size-dependent accumulation of limiting cell cycle regulators such as CDKG1 is a potentially general mechanism for size control.
Personality and immunity: depressive tendencies versus manic and schizophrenic tendencies.

The present smdy focuses on the sntistical association between depression and immune deficiency. In explaining this association, Schwartz (1983) maintains that depression stems from repression and that repression disrupts the neuroimmune system. In contrast, Becker (1973) argues that the depressive person does not repress feelings of meaninglessness, and Simonton, Matthews-Simonton, and Creighton (1978) argue that the desire not to live a meaningless existence can shut down the neuroimmune system. If Schwartz's repression-based interpretation of depression and immune deficienq is correct, then manic and schizophrenic tendencies to repress should also be associated with immune deficiencies and with poor physical health. Alternatively, if Becker's and Simonton's repression-free interpretation of depression and immune deficiency is correct, then manic and schizophrenic tendencies to repress might instead be associated with immune hyperactivity and with allergies. In the present test of these contrasting predictions, Overall and Gomez-Moat's (1974) MMPI-IG8 was administered to 181 students in general psychology. Five of the MMPI scales described by Dahlstrom, Welsh, and Dahlstrom (1972, 1975) were scored: Poor Physical Health (Vol. 2, Scale 19), Allergy (Vol. 2, Scale 30). Depression (Vol. 1, Scale D), Hypomania (Vol. 1, Scale Ma), and Schizophrenia (Vol. 1, Scale Sc). For each scale, the range of the 181 scores encompassed at least 60% of the maximum possible range Because scores on the allergy scale correlated positively (r > .50) with scores on each of the remaining scales, partial correlations were computed. Controlling for the other three scales, then, allergy scores correlated positively with manic tendencies (r = .38, p < .001) and with schizophrenic tendencies (r = .35, p < .001), but not with depression (7 = -.05). At the same time, controlling for the other three variables, poor physical health correlated positively with depression (r = .49, p < ,001) but not with manic tendencies or schizophrenic tendencies (7s = -.04). These partial correlations suggest that mania and schizophrenia may promote immune hyperactiviry or allergy and so may defend against depression and immune deficiency. Follow-up studies with clinical populations are needed to confirm this suggestion. Whitlock and Siskind (1979) did confirm that those depressive persons who exhibit no mood swings and no hallucinations are more at risk at developing cancer.
Regression analysis study on the influencing factor of the residents' health literacy in Jiangsu Province

Objective To understand the level of residents' health literacy and its related influence factors in Jiangsu Province.Methods The Chinese Residents Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to survey the residents ages ranged from 15 to 69 years in Jiangsu Province,which based on The Guide of Monitoring National Health Literacy.And to analyze the aggregative score of health literacy and the different latitude scores of health literacy by using the multiple linear regression method.Results The influencing factors of the basic conception of health knowledge were geography,sex,age,culture,household monthly income in an average,and the background of medical occupation.While the co-influencing factors of the healthy lifestyle and behaviors and the factors of basic skills were geography,sex,age,culture,married status,average household monthly income and the background of medical occupation.The influencing factors of the aggregative score of health literacy were geography,cultural,the numbers of family member and the background of medical occupation.Conclusion The intervention work should be carried out by the different characteristics of the different population to improve the health literacy level.And the construction of information-based health literacy is expected to become an effective intervention method.
Gastric Acid Does Drive Pancreatic Bicarbonate Secretion

Grossman, M. I. & Konturek, S. J. Gastric acid does drive pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. Scand. J. Gastroent. 1974, 9, 299-302.Earlier studies questioned whether the amount of acid in the duoden...
A Nonoscillation Result for a Forced Second-Order Nonlinear Differential Equation

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews a nonoscillation result for a forced second-order nonlinear differential equation. In 1955, Atkinson published what has become a classic work on the oscillatory behavior of solutions of second-order nonlinear differential equations. Since that time, many such results have been obtained for equations of the type ( a ( t ) x′ ) ′ + q ( t ) f ( x ) = r ( t ) , denoted by ( * ), especially when r ( t ) = 0. Even though there are many results that guarantee that the equation ( * ) is oscillatory, there are relatively few that guarantee that it possesses a nonoscillatory solution. Even fewer sufficient conditions for nonoscillation are known, and in most cases, they are for equations less general than ( * ).
Quality assurance in crowdsourcing via matrix factorization based task routing

We investigate a method of crowdsourced task routing based on matrix factorization. From a preliminary analysis of a real crowdsourced data, we begin an exploration of how to route crowdsourcing task via Matrix factorization (MF) which efficiently estimate missing values in a worker-task matrix. Our preliminary results show the benefits of task routing over random assignment, the strength of probabilistic MF over baseline methods.
A 140 GHz gyro-amplifier using a sever-less confocal waveguide

A 140 GHz, 1 kW pulsed gyro-amplifier system is being developed at MIT for enhanced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for NMR (DNP-NMR). A confocal geometry configuration is being explored as an approach to achieving an overmoded interaction waveguide. This confocal waveguide has been redesigned to operate without severs. A study of electron beam quality over a wide parameter space directed the choice for a new operating point. Mode converters were designed with the goal of improving coupling into the mode of operation within the circuit. This experiment has operated with a peak circuit gain of 23 dB over 1.4 GHz of bandwidth. Current efforts include improving the device gain by reducing input losses and studying the electron gun performance.
Construction of an experimental large-orbit second-harmonic gyro-TWT amplifier

A novel Ka-Band TE/sub 21/ second-harmonic gyro-TWT amplifier with a large-orbit axis-encircling beam from a Northrop Grumman Cusp gun is being fabricated and tested at UCD. The device is predicted to produce 50 kW with 20% efficiency, 30 dB saturated gain and 3% bandwidth.
Visual data and predictive analytics for proactive project controls on construction sites

This paper presents the theoretical foundation for a project controls system that improves understanding of how construction performance can be captured, communicated, and analyzed in form of a visual production system; predicts and effectively communicates the reliability of the weekly work plan and look-ahead schedules, supports root-cause assessment on plan failure at both project and task-levels; facilitates information flows; and decentralizes decision-making. Our model-driven system builds upon novel visual data analytics to map the current state of production in 4D (3D+time), compare to 4D BIM, and expose waste at both project and task-levels. Using predictive analytics and based on actual progress and productivity data, reliability in the future state of production is forecasted to highlight potential issues in a location-driven scheme and support collaborative decision making that eliminates root causes of waste. To evaluate the performance of our system, several case studies are conducted on real-world commercial building projects. It is shown that the developed system provides visual interfaces between people and information on and offsite, enables effective pull flows, decentralizes work tracking, facilitates in-process quality control and hand-overs among contractors, and most importantly transforms retroactive and task-driven workflows in contractor coordination meetings to proactive location-driven practices.
The interaction of sickle hemoglobin with DPG, CO 2 and with other hemoglobins: formation of asymmetrical hybrids.

In either the red cell or in concentrated solution, deoxyhemoglobin S (α2β2 6 val) possesses the unique property of aggregating into microfilaments, leading to increased viscosity and ultimately to gelation. This property may be strongly influenced by the presence of non-S hemoglobins or by a second amino acid sub-stitution on either the β chain (hb C-Harlem (α2β2 6 val 73 asn) (Bookchin et. Al., 1967) or the α chain (hb Memphis (α2 23 gln β 6 val) (Kraus et al., 1966). Furthermore, the sickling phenomenon may be affected by intracellular modifiers of hemoglobin function such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG). Both of these co-factors bind to hemoglobin at N-terminal amino groups of globin polypeptide chains. Carbamino formation occurs at the N-terminal amino groups of both the α and the β chains (Kilmartin and Rossi-Bernardi, 1969) while DPG binds to positively charged sites on the β chains including the α amino group of NA1 valine, the imidazole of H21 histidine and the ɛ amino group of EF6 lysine (Perutz, 1970). It is of interest that sickling is inhibited by cyanate, an agent which reacts preferentially with N-terminal amino groups of proteins (Cerami and Manning, 1971).
Economic and Noneconomic Factors Affecting Plant Location Decisions

This paper describes two geographically separated studies concerning plant location decisions in the electronics industry. It was found that economic factors tend to outweigh noneconomic factors as...
Deposition and Clearance of Inhaled Particles

Publisher Summary Inertial impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion are the primary mechanisms that govern particle deposition in the human lung. During particle exposures, ventilatory parameters known to affect regional lung deposition include: the depth of the tidal volume, which determines particle penetration into small airways; mean inspiratory airflow, which is an index of forces governing aerosol impaction onto airway walls; and the duration of the breath cycle, which determines respiratory residence time and influences sedimentation and diffusion of particles. In healthy subjects, exposure to ozone acutely enhances the lung deposition of fine particles. The presence of obstructive lung disease centralizes deposition of inhaled particulate and enhances the deposition of fine and ultrafine particles. Clearance of particles from the lower respiratory tract is dependent upon the location and solubility of the particle. For insoluble particles, removal is a dynamic process involving two phases: a short-term airway phase and a long-term alveolar component. Neither phase is a complete or perfect defense against deposited particulate. In bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease, abnormalities in the short-term phase of particle clearance are present in peripheral and central airways respectively.
An Overview of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN, a Simulation Model for Chemical Transport and Aquatic Risk Assessment

This paper reviews the development of the Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF), a comprehensive simulation model for predicting watershed hydrology, water quality, agricultural chemical migration, and risk assessment. The model uses such information as the time history of rainfall, temperature, and solar intensity, and characteristics of the land surface, such as land use patterns, soil characteristics, and agricultural practices, to simulate the processes that occur in a watershed. The flow rate, sediment load, and nutrient and pesticide concentrations are predicted. The model takes these results and information about the stream channels in the watershed and simulates the processes that occur in these streams. This part of the simulation produces a time history of water quantity, quality, and chemical transport at any point in a watershed-the inflow to a lake, for example. For ease of presentation and interpretation, flexible routines are provided for statistical analysis of the simulation output. A risk assessment methodology to evaluate lethal and sublethal effects, using the median lethal concentration (LC 5 0 ) and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) as the key effects parameters, is part of the analysis.
Space-time focusing in a highly multimode fiber via optical pulse shaping.

Fields propagating through a highly scattering material will be distorted in both space (intensity speckles) and time (spectral and temporal speckles), inhibiting tasks such as imaging and communication in both the optical and radio frequency regions. In optics, research thus far has demonstrated spatial focusing, image transmission, and short pulse delivery through bulk scattering materials and multimode fibers by taking advantage of spatial wavefront-shaping techniques. Here, we exploit spectral phase shaping for reference-free characterization of spectral and temporal speckle, and space–time focusing of broadband ultrafast pulses distorted by modal dispersion in a multimode fiber. We show that temporal speckle fields at different multimode fiber output locations are uncorrelated and demonstrate the ability to focus a short pulse at a specific output spatial location, while keeping the field at other output locations noise-like, offering opportunities to expand multimode fiber imaging and communication capacity.
Intravascular B-cell lymphoma: case report of a rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare disease characterized by proliferation of malignant lymphoid cells within the small vessels of various organs resulting in diffuse thrombosis. It most commonly affects the central nervous system and the skin, but if it involves the pulmonary arteries it can cause acute severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure. Early diagnosis is essential as the clinical course is extremely aggressive. In this report, we present a case of rapidly progressive PH and subsequent right ventricular (RV) failure secondary to IVLBCL. We review the important differential diagnoses and diagnostic evaluation needed to make a correct and early diagnosis. Case summary A 53-year-old, previously healthy man developed 2 months of progressive shortness of breath. After being treated for presumptive pneumonia, he was admitted with hypoxic respiratory failure, altered mental status, and severe PH. He developed RV failure and subsequent liver failure. He was ruled out for pulmonary embolism. Despite aggressive management with inhaled nitric oxide and epoprostenol, inotropes, and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient passed away. Post-mortem examination revealed the presence of IVLBCL with extensive involvement notable of the brain, heart, lungs, and pulmonary arteries. Discussion The acute development of severe PH and RV failure in the absence of pulmonary emboli is uncommon and represents a challenging diagnostic and management clinical scenario. When accompanied by altered mental status, constitutional symptoms and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for intravascular lymphoma, as early diagnosis is critical to maintain a reasonable chance of survival.
Removal of a minimal amount of subdural hematoma is effective and sufficient for term neonates with severe symptomatic spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhage

Spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhage of term neonates is usually asymptomatic and does not require surgical intervention. However, there is no consensus on the management of cases with severe life-threatening symptoms, including repeated apnea, respiratory failure with severe cyanosis, severe bradycardia, or uncontrolled seizures. Our medical records of term neonates with intracranial hemorrhage who underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively reviewed. There were two cases with spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhage. Both cases were delivered vaginally without any use of forceps or vacuum devices. Neither of them showed asphyxia, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, hematological abnormalities, congenital vascular anomalies, infection, or birth trauma. Common symptoms included apnea, cyanosis, bradycardia, and decreased consciousness. The original location of bleeding was the parenchyma of the right temporal lobe. The hemorrhage extended to subdural spaces in both cases. Subdural hematoma (SDH) removal was performed without manipulating the parenchymal hematoma. Only a small amount of SDH (approximately 5 ml) was drained spontaneously with irrigation, which was sufficient to decrease the elevated intracranial pressure. The patients’ respiratory conditions improved dramatically after the surgery. We propose that removing only a small amount of SDH would be effective and sufficient to relieve severe symptoms of increased intracranial pressure in term neonates with massive spontaneous parenchymal hemorrhage.
Disruption of RNA Metabolism in Neurological Diseases and Emerging Therapeutic Interventions

RNA binding proteins are critical to the maintenance of the transcriptome via controlled regulation of RNA processing and transport. Alterations of these proteins impact multiple steps of the RNA life cycle resulting in various molecular phenotypes such as aberrant RNA splicing, transport, and stability. Disruption of RNA binding proteins and widespread RNA processing defects are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of neurological diseases. Here, we describe distinct mechanisms by which the homeostasis of RNA binding proteins is compromised in neurological disorders through their reduced expression level, increased propensity to aggregate or sequestration by abnormal RNAs. These mechanisms all converge toward altered neuronal function highlighting the susceptibility of neurons to deleterious changes in RNA expression and the central role of RNA binding proteins in preserving neuronal integrity. Emerging therapeutic approaches to mitigate or reverse alterations of RNA binding proteins in neurological diseases are discussed.
Examining authority and reclaiming expertise

Abstract In a post-truth era of fake news and alternative facts, it is relatively commonplace for people to question established authority and perhaps especially the surrogates of authority such as academic degrees and credentials that are often equated with elitism. However, some critics have questioned whether in rethinking standards, people have lost sight of the value of scientific and systematic research and the kind of expertise that comes from deep and extended study. This conceptual article offers an examination of the frame Authority is Constructed and Contextual from the ACRL Information Literacy Frameworks, and then provides a philosophical and a methodological approach for assessing authority. The article concludes with advice to instruction librarians to incorporate these approaches into their teaching.
An Analysis of Patient and Fracture Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Hyperostotic Spine Fractures

Study Design:Retrospective study.Objective:To evaluate outcomes and complications following operative and nonoperative management of hyperostotic spine fractures.Methods:Patients presenting between...
Pathologic characterization of renal epithelial neoplasms arising in nonfunctioning kidneys

Nonfunctioning kidneys secondary to various etiologies display different histopathological features. Studies focused on incidence and types of renal neoplasms using the new World Health Organization and International Society of Urological Pathology classification system in various types of nonfunctioning kidneys are very limited. We identified 311 nephrectomies of nonfunctioning kidneys and categorized them into 5 categories: acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD, n = 61); end-stage renal disease, nonspecific (ESRD, n = 63); adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD, n = 49); failed transplant kidney (FTK, n = 96); and those caused by obstructive conditions in the kidney (OCK, n = 42). ACKD (70%) and ESRD (43%) had higher cancer incidences than the other 3 groups (APKD = 2%, FTK = 0%, and OCK = 5%). Besides clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and papillary RCC, clear cell papillary RCC had a much higher incidence within ACKD patients (13/61) compared to other groups. ACKD-associated RCC was only identified in ACKD patients. ACKD patients had significantly longer dialysis duration compared to ESRD, APKD, and FTK. Although they had similar risk for clear cell RCC and papillary RCC, ACKD patients had a much higher risk for ACKD-associated RCC and clear cell papillary RCC than ESRD patients. Although most RCCs arising in these nonfunctioning kidneys were early pT1 stage, 6 ACKD patients and 3 ESRD patients had higher-stage diseases, which can be fatal if not treated appropriately. Therefore, precise clinicopathological classification of these nonfunctioning kidneys is important for predicting kidney cancer risk. These results indicate the need for active monitoring of the patients with high-risk nonfunctioning kidney diseases and appropriate surgical treatment when necessary.
Dynamic expression of JC virus in urine and its relationship to serostatus.

Abstract Background There is limited information regarding the daily shedding of JC virus (JCV) in urine and its correlation with serum JCV antibody levels. Methods The dynamic expression of JCV in urine and its correlation with JCV antibody status in patients receiving disease modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis were examined in a longitudinal case-control study. JCV antibody index levels were determined using a two-step ELISA (Stratify). JCV shedding in urine samples was determined by quantitative PCR during two 30-day study periods separated by intervals of at least 6 months. Results Of 42 study subjects (57% female; ages 22–56, average age 39.6 years), 27 (64.3%) were JCV antibody positive (index >0.40) at initial urine collection. Twelve seropositive subjects (44.4%) had detectable JCV in their urine with values ranging from 290 to 5.08 × 108 copies/mL. Daily viral shedding in these patients remained fairly constant throughout the study. Urinary JCV shedding was not detected in any JCV antibody index negative or indeterminate subject. In JCV urinary shedders, the average JCV antibody index was 2.69 (range 1.67–3.57). The average anti-JCV antibody index for the remaining JCV seropositive individuals without viral urinary shedding was 1.35 (range 0.46–3.91). Conclusion MS patients displayed a consistent pattern of JCV shedding over days and months in which higher levels of viruria appeared to have driven higher levels of JCV antibody index. The findings provide additional insights into the dynamic expression of JCV and host response; however, studies in larger populations and of longer duration will be needed to determine their significance to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
Tamimi Arab, Pooyan. 2017. Amplifying Islam in the European Soundscape: Religious Pluralism and Secularism in the Netherlands

Tamimi Arab, Pooyan. 2017. Amplifying Islam in the European Soundscape: Religious Pluralism and Secularism in the Netherlands. London: Bloomsbury Academic. x + 216 pp. ISBN: 978- 14742-9143-9 £90.00 (hbk); 978-13500-8118-5 £28.99 (pbk).
Liquid Crystal Polymeric Skins "Sweat" to Provide Real-Time Drug Delivery

To mimic the sweating functionality of human skin, Liu and coworkers have developed a liquid crystal (LC) polymeric network-based artificial skin with programmable liquid secretion and excretion driven by radio frequency (RF) electrical fields.
Gruneisen parameters of bead-spring chains: MD simulation and theory.

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out in a microcanonical ensemble to compute the Gruneisen parameter (denoted as γ) of a liquid of bead-spring chains having 10 beads/chain. γ was studied over a wide range of temperatures below and above the glass transition temperature. We found that the Gruneisen parameter varied in the range of 2.1–3.1 and was significantly higher than typically observed experimentally in real polymers. In the glass, a theory was developed for γ using a cell model in which the beads are harmonically bound to their respective cell centers. The resulting Gruneisen parameter is predicted to increase slightly with temperature. Above the glass transition temperature, we employed the generalized Flory dimer equation-of-state and the polymer reference interaction model theory to calculate γ. In these calculations, we found that γ decreased with temperature in the liquid. The theoretical predictions for γ were found to be in good qualitative agreement with our MD simulations, without any adjustable parameters, both above and below Tg. In experiments on real polymers, γ undergoes a sharp discontinuity at the glass transition. By contrast, in our MD simulations, γ varies smoothly over a broad transition region.
Too Many Nonprofits? An Empirical Approach to Estimating Trends in Nonprofit Demand Density

We examine the claim that nonprofit markets have become more crowded over time. A naive examination of the data indicates that the number of nonprofits has increased rapidly over the past two decades. However, this approach does not account for increases in population, income, or other demand factors that would alter a population’s ability to support additional nonprofits. We attempt to quantify a standard unit of demand for nonprofits over time, by exploiting the panel nature of our data. Our findings indicate that nonprofit density, normalized for changes in demand, in 2005 is lower than it was in 1990. We are also able to examine the impact of incremental increases in population to absorb a nonprofit. Overall, we find that it takes far more people to support nonprofit entry in 2005 compared to 1990. It is likely that technological shifts in production and management techniques introduced since 1990 allow firms to serve larger numbers of people. Consistent with our findings, this type of change would result in fewer nonprofits per market, serving larger numbers of people. Our results therefore provide evidence that growth in the nonprofit sector has not necessarily implied increased density or greater competition in the sector.
Overview of Active Learning Research and Rationale for Active Learning

The large classroom lecture remains the predominant model for teaching medical and health sciences learners. This approach has persisted in part due to the perception that lectures offer an efficient and cost-effective way to teach large numbers of learners. The financial advantages of the single-instructor lecture model are apparent when comparing to the small group model, i.e., small group activities require multiple faculty facilitators and small group rooms. Less convincing is the claim that large group lectures promote efficiency in learning. Although a tremendous amount of information can be transmitted in a 50-min time period, the learner is the passive recipient of this information, which can impede learning [1]. Typically, learners will take notes but not engage with the material. This model assumes learners will spend time completing required readings prior to the lecture and then devote additional time after the lecture to assimilate the new information. In reality, many learners will arrive for lecture unprepared, and many will not arrive at all, except via virtual, asynchronous recordings of lectures. Likewise, some learners may devote time after the lecture to review their notes and consult the lecturer or required materials—but many will move on to their next class and not revisit the material until the next quiz or exam. By then, they will have likely have forgotten some of the content and context and will need to relearn the material—possibly without accurate understanding and application. Ultimately, this passive model is less efficient than it appears.
Telehealth Utilization During COVID-19 Among People with Diagnosed Mental Health Conditions.

Background: Despite the potential benefits and the demonstrated uptake throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies have found that telemental health is still underused. The objective of the study was to explore the associations between mental health diagnoses and telehealth utilization during the pandemic. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional survey among adult Arkansans (n = 754). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression and telehealth utilization. Results: Forty-two percent of respondents reported utilizing telehealth during the pandemic. Respondents with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression had three times greater odds of utilizing telehealth (odds ratio = 2.97) than those with no diagnoses. Discussion: Utilization of telehealth care during the COVID-19 pandemic was lower in our sample compared with other nationally representative surveys; however, utilization was higher among people with a diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for outreach to increase telehealth utilization.
Characterizing the vibration-assisted printing of high viscosity clay material

Abstract A widely recognized problem observed in direct write (DW) additive manufacturing (AM) is the inability to print highly viscous materials, such as clay or viscous pastes with high solids content. In this work, an additive manufacturing technique, known as vibration-assisted printing (VAP), is characterized and evaluated for its ability to print highly viscous materials (> 10,000 Pa⋅s). After demonstrating the ability to print highly viscous materials with fine resolution (nozzle diameter = 500 μm) and fast print speeds (≥ 4000 mm/min), various print characterization tests are completed to analyze the VAP process’ capabilities in terms of print resolution, layer consistency, corner turning, and minimum feature size, using a representative highly viscous material, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) modeling clay. Analysis of the characterization samples provided insights into which aspects of the material and process parameters need to be closely monitored to ensure accurate material deposition, a vital step towards producing functional components. Once print characterization was complete, mechanical test samples were printed and quasi-statically tested to give insights into how the VAP process affected the mechanical properties of the printed material. The mechanical properties of the VAP components were shown to be inferior when compared to the bulk properties of the material for this particular material system and notable dependencies on the print direction were observed.
Moral Education and Teachers’ Self-Perceptions: Novice Male Teachers in the Catholic High School

This article describes a qualitative study of six Catholic high school teachers, all male and all relatively new to Catholic education. Each subject participated in six hours of ethnographic interviews, yielding a rich description of their self-perceptions, educational competence, and faith background. Teaching as a vocation and moral education emerged as important themes for these teachers and for future study.
Scratch Resistance and Residual Stresses in Longitudinally and Transversely Ground Silicon Nitride

An instrumented scratch tester is utilized to investigate the scratch resistance of surface ground silicon nitride. Single-grit scratches were conducted, both in longitudinal and transverse direction to grinding. The volume of material removed during the scratch event and the measured force were utilized to quantify the scratch resistance and then estimate the bounds for ductile to brittle transition limits for material removal. Residual stress measurements and the scratch resistance were rationalized based on the induced damage features.
A Funds of Knowledge Approach to the Appropriation of New Media in a High School Writing Classroom.

Youths’ learner-generated designs, instantiated in digital practices, spaces and artifacts, are underutilized in schools. Additionally, digital media tools are often taken up in reductive ways that serve to perpetuate deficit discourses for youth from nondominant communities, rather than reflect the creativity and innovation that youth practice within digital domains. To address these issues, this article shares a funds of knowledge approach to the use of new media in classrooms. Coupled with an emphasis on new literacies and multiliteracies, this approach was instantiated in partnership with Ms Smith and her high school writing classroom. The partnership engaged new media in order to appropriate and develop learner-generated designs in classroom spaces.
MODE: a development environment for managed objects based on formal methods

The need for mechanisms and techniques to describe formally managed objects behaviour in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Management Framework has been recognized in various places. Building a formal specification of managed objects forces the designer to be more rigourous and allows a better understanding of what has been done. But the development of such specifications is a difficult and time consuming task which must be supported by a powerful set of tools. Moreover the effort invested in the development of the formal specification should pay off in some way during the Management Information Base development process.
Power budgeting for virtualized data centers

Power costs are very significant for data centers. To maximally utilize the provisioned power capacity, data centers often employ over-subscription, that is, the sum of peak consumptions of individual servers may be greater than the provisioned capacity. Power budgeting methods are employed to ensure that actual consumption never exceeds capacity. However, current power budgeting methods enforce capacity limits in hardware and are not well suited for virtualized servers because the hardware is shared among multiple applications. We present a power budgeting system for virtualized infrastructures that enforces power limits on individual distributed applications. Our system enables multiple applications to share the same servers but operate with their individual quality of service guarantees. It responds to workload and power availability changes, by dynamically allocating appropriate amount of power to different applications and tiers within applications. The design is mindful of practical constraints such the data center's limited visibility into hosted application performance. We evaluate the system using workloads derived from real world data center traces.
Does financial compensation for living kidney donation change willingness to donate

The potential use of financial compensation to increase living kidney donation rates remains controversial in potentially introducing undue inducement of vulnerable populations to donate. This cross-sectional study assessed amounts of financial compensation that would generate motivation and an undue inducement to donate to family/friends or strangers. Individuals leaving six Departments of Motor Vehicles were surveyed. Of the 210 participants who provided verbal consent (94% participation rate), respondents' willingness to donate would not change (70%), or would increase (29%) with compensation. Median lowest amounts of financial compensation for which participants would begin to consider donating a kidney were $5000 for family/friends, and $10,000 for strangers; respondents reporting $0 for family/friends (52%) or strangers (26%) were excluded from analysis. Median lowest amounts of financial compensation for which participants could no longer decline (perceive an undue inducement) were $50,000 for family/friends, and $100,000 for strangers; respondents reporting $0 for family/friends (44%) or strangers (23%) were excluded from analysis. The two most preferred forms of compensation included: direct payment of money (61%) and paid leave (21%). The two most preferred uses of compensation included: paying off debt (38%) and paying nonmedical expenses associated with the transplant (29%). Findings suggest tolerance for, but little practical impact of, financial compensation. Certain compensation amounts could motivate the public to donate without being perceived as an undue inducement.
ESTIMATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION GUIDES: INTERSPECIES CORRELATIONS.

Abstract Values recommended for maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of radionuclides in air and water and for retention by the body and its component tissues are commonly based on data obtained from acute tracer studies in rodents. Conceptually, however, conditions of chronic exposure for human subjects are embodied in MPC calculations. Unfortunately, studies on retention of many radionuclides by human subjects are impossible or impracticable, even though the development of ultrasensitive human counters represents a significant contribution to the problem. Metabolically speaking, a 70-kg mouse or rat is sometimes regarded as a standard man. One approach to resolving this problem is to find interspecies correlations in radionuclide metabolism and ways of extrapolating to MPC values for man. During continuous ingestion of a constant amount of a material, an equilibrium level may be reached within the body. This level is predictable from acute administration studies. The integral of the effective retention function (limits of zero to infinity) is proportional to equilibrium level and has dimensions of multiples of the daily intake. The integral is also proportional to radiation dose. Interspecies correlations of the form E = aXb, which relate equilibrium levels (E) obtained for mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and men to grams body weight (X), have been developed for tritium water (HTO), 22Na, 54Mn, 65Zn, 86Rb, 131I, and 137Cs. The proportionality constant b differs for each element. In each case, values obtained directly from human studies agree well with values for man derived from the correlation. Equilibrium levels as a function of body surface, body weight, and metabolic rate using the power function (with and without the log transform) and a first-degree polynomial were also considered as models. The polynomial relating equilibrium level to body surface best describes cesium metabolism and accounts for shorter turnover times observed in children.