cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth and cytological responses to white and far-red light of Haplopappus cells in suspension culture

Exposure of suspension cultures of Haplopappus cells to white and far-red light inhibits their growth rate and increases the frequency of haploid and polyploid cells. Far-red light is 100 times more effective than white light on the basis of the fluences required. A significant increase in the number of cells with chromosome aberrations is observed in cells exposed to far-red light at fluences from 0·01 to 1 J cm−2. The far-red also produces a phase delay in the cell cycle of cells phased by low temperature treatment. These responses are similar to those of animal cells in monolayer irradiated with far-red light.
Binding of 1-norepinephrine to isolated rat fat cell plasma membranes. Evidence against covalent binding and binding to catechol-O-methyl transferase.

Abstract Binding of 1-norepinephrine to isolated fat cell plasma membranes is rapid, saturable and reversible. Albumin gives an apparent decrease in norepinephrine binding and prevents saturation of the binding sites. The binding of norepinephrine is 10,000 fold less sensitive than is catechol-O-methyl transferase activity to inhibition by syringic acid and syringaldehyde, demonstrating that catechol-O-methyl transferase is not a significant binding protein in this system. Approximately 65% of the norepinephine is dissociable by incubation in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer pH 7.4 for 30 min at 37°, and all the remaining bound hormone is dissociated by 1N HCl. The dissociated material was shown to be norepinephrine by chromatography in two different solvent systems. Norepinephrine binding was inhibited by ferricyanide and by ascorbic acid, metabisulfite, and butylated hydroxytoluene.
THE RATCHET EFFECT IN MONEY DEMAND

This paper explores the response of money demand to relative changes in income using U.S. quarterly data for the period 1948–1970. We find that exchange media and time deposits differ in their response to relative changes in income with implications for the inclusion of time deposits in the definition of money.
On the topological type of minimal submanifolds

LET Ibe a smooth embedded hypersurface in s” c R”+’ for some n I6. Then Iis the boundary of at least one smooth embedded minimal submanifold of II”+‘, namely the area minimizing submanifold. (If n > 6 then the least area surface may be singular.) But except when n = 2. no theorems are known about the topological types of the minimal submanifolds bounded by I-. In particular, the answer to the following is not known for any n > 2:
Human milk anti-inflammatory component contents during acute mastitis

Mastitis is a common complication of human lactation. We examined milk specimens from eight women with clinical mastitis to determine their content of anti-inflammatory components. Antioxidant activity (spontaneous cytochrome c reducing activity), selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta), selected endogenous cytokine control molecules (sIL-6R, sIL-1RII, and sTNFRI), lactoferrin, Na(+):K(+) ratios, and milk bioactivities that cause shedding of sIL-1RII from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), suppress PMN aggregation, and suppress PMN adherence responses were not increased compared to normal milks. Neither the bioactivities that deplete PMN intracellular Ca(2+) stores nor those that block Ca(2+) influx into fMLP-stimulated PMN were significantly increased in mastitis milks. In contrast, levels of TNFalpha, sTNFRII, and IL-1RA and bioactivities that cause shedding of sTNFRI from human PMN were significantly increased compared to normal milks. Mastitis milk has the same anti-inflammatory components and characteristics of normal milk, with elevations in selected components/activities that may help protect the nursing infant from developing clinical illness due to feeding on mastitis milk.
Field Test to Determine the Effectiveness of Coumaphos As a Feed Additive to Control House Fly Larvae Under Caged Layers

Twenty and 40 ppm of a 1% coumaphos premix were incorporated into the ration of White Leghorn hens held in individual cages suspended above a concrete floor. This ration was fed for 49 days. Weekly larval counts were made from a square-foot sample taken to the total depth of the droppings. Control for the 20 ppm averaged 52% and 87% for the 40 ppm treatment when compared with an untreated control. All treatments were in the same house.
Is virtual codesharing a market segmenting mechanism employed by airlines

Abstract It has been suggested that virtual codesharing is a mechanism used by airlines to segment passengers based on their price sensitivity. The objective of this paper is to test whether passengers' choice behavior is consistent with market segmentation being the primary motive for virtual codesharing. The findings fail to support the market segmentation motive.
Plasma fibronectin is neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury

Promotion of repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury remains a challenging clinical problem. While significant efforts have been made to reduce inhibitory extracellular matrix expression following central nervous system injury, much less attention has been given to the role of endogenous reparative matrix proteins, such as fibronectin. Traumatic brain injury leads to increased levels of plasma-derived fibronectin in the brain tissue, though the specific function of this protein following neurotrauma was unknown. In this study, we utilized conditional plasma fibronectin (pFN) knockout mice to examine the role of fibronectin following a traumatic insult. Injured mice deficient in pFN performed significantly worse on both motor and cognitive tasks, had significantly increased lesion volume and apoptotic cell death, and had significantly less phagocytic cells in the injured cortex compared to injured mice with normal pFN levels. Moreover, intravenous injections of fibronectin prior to the injury restored the neural deficits seen in the pFN deficient mice to that of wild type injured mice. These results demonstrate that fibronectin is neuroprotective to the traumatically injured brain and identify a novel target for therapeutic interventions.
Methodological Principles for Research in Neurotheology: Practical and Philosophical Implications

“Neurotheology” has garnered substantial attention in the academic and lay communities in recent years. As would be expected, there have been many positive and negative responses to purported neurotheological studies. The attempt to integrate neuropsychology and theology has been extremely controversial and often dismissed as an attempt to integrate incommensurables. Thus, if neurotheology is to be considered a viable field going forward, it requires a set of clear principles that can be generally agreed upon and supported by both the theological or religious perspective and the scientific one as well. I have recently expanded upon these principles in the book entitled, Principles of Neurotheology (Newberg, 2010). The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the principles which can be used as a foundation for future neurotheological discourse, particularly as it may pertain to the relationship between the brain and quantum mechanics. Rather than to specifically try to answer major theological or scientific questions, this paper intends to set forth a program of scholarship and a methodological basis for future inquiry thereby laying the groundwork for a new synthesis of scientific and theological dialogue. The first part will review some of the methodological principles of neurotheology, the second part will describe preliminary data that might be particularly relevant in terms of developing future neurotheological research, and the third part will consider some of the more speculative, philosophical, and theological implications of such work. In the end, neurotheology, a term sometimes fraught with potential problems, might nevertheless, be a highly useful and important voice in the greater study of religious and theological ideas and their intersection with science.
High Levels of Concomitant Behavioral Health Disorders Among Patients Presenting for HIV Non-occupational Post-exposure Prophylaxis at a Boston Community Health Center Between 1997 and 2013

A paucity of information regarding mental health exists for patients presenting for HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP). We reviewed electronic medical records of 894 adult nPEP patients seen at a large Boston community health center between 1997 and 2013. Of 821 patients with consensual sexual exposures, 88.3 % were men who have sex with men, and 40.0 % had a mental health diagnosis. Diagnoses included: depression (24.4 %), anxiety (21.9 %), attention deficit disorder (7.8 %), post-traumatic stress disorder (3.3 %), and psychotic disorders (3.3 %). Of 129 patients with substance use disorders, alcohol dependence (65.9 %) and crystal methamphetamine (43.4 %) predominated. Unprotected receptive anal intercourse was associated with psychotic disorders (aOR = 4.86; 95 %CI:1.76–13.5) and substance use disorders (aOR = 1.89; 95 %CI:1.28–2.80). Substance use at the time of exposure was associated with: depression (aOR = 1.95; 95 %CI:1.36–2.80), anxiety (aOR = 2.22; 95 %CI:1.51–3.25), attention deficit disorder (aOR = 1.96; 95 %CI:1.18–3.27), and substance use disorder (aOR = 4.78; 95 %CI:3.30–6.93). Mental illness should be screened for and addressed at nPEP visits to optimize HIV risk-reduction.
Non-random chromosome losses in Down's syndrome.

THE opinion has been expressed that chromosome losses in cultured human leucocytes are related to sex, age and chromosome size1–4. Working with normal (euploid) individuals, Bloom et al.3 and Neurath et al.4 reported an apparent linear relationship between chromosome size and the probability of loss for chromosomes of groups A to F. Specifically, the very small G chromosomes were missing even more often than could be predicted for the regression on chromosome size in groups A to F. Studying losses of single chromosomes in cases of Down's syndrome (mongolism), Mikkelsen found a significant deficit of cells lacking a large chromosome (group A or B). Greater than expected losses in group G/Y were detected in the parents, but not in the mongoloid children. F chromosomes were also missing more frequently than expected in male mongoloids and their fathers, but not in female mongoloids or their mothers. These studies all involved cells with only a single missing chromosome.
Analytic representation of convective boiling functions

Etablissement de representations analytiques des fonctions sans dimension F et S utilisees dans la correlation de Chan pour la prevision des coefficients de transfert a l'ebullition convective
The Minnesota Mobile Intersection Surveillance System

Detailed crash analyses indicate that poor gap selection, rather than stop sign violation, is the primary causal factor in crashes at rural, unsignalized intersections. To determine under what conditions the gap selection process fails, a transportable rural intersection surveillance system has been designed and implemented. The system can be installed at any rural intersection, and can be used to collect data regarding the gap acceptance behavior of drivers at the rural intersection. Described herein is the design and performance of the transportable rural intersection surveillance system. This system will be deployed at eight rural intersections in eight US states, from April 2006 through December 2008. Data collected by the system will be used to determine whether regional differences in gap acceptance behavior exist. If differences exist, they will be quantified and used in the design of an intersection decision support system, a device under development designed to assist a driver at a rural intersection with the gap selection process
Band Gap of Gallium Phosphide from 0 to 900°K and Light Emission from Diodes at High Temperatures

The indirect energy gap ${E}_{g}$ of GaP in the temperature range from 0 to 900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K was determined from absorption measurements. Below 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${E}_{g}$ was determined from absorption due to the creation of excitons at isolated nitrogen atoms substituted on P sites. This absorption was measured with wavelength-modulated exciting light. The intrinsic absorption edge was measured over the full temperature range by conventional transmission. Above 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the gap was determined from a numerical fit of the intrinsic-edge absorption data to a theoretical expression using parameters obtained from low-temperature measurements, with ${E}_{g}$ as the only adjustable parameter. The shapes of the experimental curves are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. At 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, ${E}_{g}$ is 2.261 eV. Light emission from diodes was studied from 300 to 900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The principal high-temperature emission line parallels the energy gap at about 45-meV lower energy, and is attributed to an exciton recombination.
Using HEM surveys to evaluate disposal of by-product water from CBNG development in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming

Production of methane from thick, extensive coal beds in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming has created water management issues. Since development began in 1997, more than 650 billion liters of water have been produced from approximately 22,000 wells. Infiltration impoundments are used widely to dispose of by-product water from coal bed natural gas (CBNG) production, but their hydrogeologic effects are poorly understood. Helicopter electromagnetic surveys (HEM) were completed in July 2003 and July 2004 to characterize the hydrogeology of an alluvial aquifer along the Powder River. The aquifer is receiving CBNG produced water discharge from infiltration impoundments. HEM data were subjected to Occam’s inversion algorithms to determine the aquifer bulk conductivity, which was then correlated towater salinity using site-specific sampling results. The HEM data provided high-resolution images of salinity levels in the aquifer, a result not attainable using traditional sampling methods. Interpretation of these i...
Model-based control chart for autoregressive and correlated data

In recent years, statistical process control for autocorrelated processes has received a great deal of attention. This is due in part to the improvements in measurement and data collection that allow processes to be sampled at higher frequency rates and, hence, data autocorrelation. A method for monitoring autocorrelated processes based on regression adjustment is presented in this paper. The performance of the residual-based control chart in terms of the average run length is compared to observation-based control charts via Monte Carlo simulations. In general, the observation-based control charts perform very poorly when data are correlated over time. Under the assumption that the model is correct, the residual-based control charts are superior for all cases considered here. This suggests using a residual-based control chart to detect the mean shift. This is recommended particularly for chemical processes where there are often cascade processes with several inputs but only a few outputs, and where many of the variables are highly autocorrelated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: latest findings and interpretations

Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been classified as a noninflammatory arthritis; however, the dichotomy between inflammatory and degenerative arthritis is becoming less clear with the recognition of a plethora of ongoing immune processes within the OA joint and synovium. Synovitis is defined as inflammation of the synovial membrane and is characteristic of classical inflammatory arthritidies. Increasingly recognized is the presence of synovitis in a significant proportion of patients with primary OA, and based on this observation, further studies have gone on to implicate joint inflammation and synovitis in the pathogenesis of OA. However, clinical OA is not one disease but a final common pathway secondary to many predisposing factors, most notably age, joint trauma, altered biomechanics, and obesity. How such biochemical and mechanical processes contribute to the progressive joint failure characteristic of OA is tightly linked to the interplay of joint damage, the immune response to perceived damage, and the subsequent state of chronic inflammation resulting in propagation and progression toward the phenotype recognized as clinical OA. This review will discuss a wide range of evolving data leading to our current hypotheses regarding the role of immune activation and inflammation in OA onset and progression. Although OA can affect any joint, most commonly the knee, hip, spine, and hands, this review will focus primarily on OA of the knee as this is the joint most well characterized by epidemiologic, imaging, and translational studies investigating the association of inflammation with OA.
Moving bullet syndrome: A complication of penetrating head injury☆☆☆

Penetrating injuries, by definition, result in retained bullets or fragments. Usually, these fragments are removed surgically during wound debridement. Occasionally, the position of the bullet may preclude removal if it is thought that surgery could exacerbate neurologic damage. Complications from retained fragments are uncommon. One rare complication is the spontaneous migration of the fragment. Two cases of spontaneous migration of retained bullets are presented. In both cases neurologic deterioration was noted and computed tomographic imaging was diagnostic. In one case, this complication delayed transfer from the acute care hospital to rehabilitation. In the other case, the migrating bullet was removed during the inpatient rehabilitation stay. Each person improved neurologically after the migrating bullet fragment was removed. Additionally, functional progress was marked in both persons and symptomatic relief noted. Rehabilitation physicians caring for survivors of penetrating brain injuries need to be aware of this potentially devastating phenomenon.
Depression of cytochrome P-450 and alterations of protein metabolism in mice treated with the interferon inducer polyriboinosinic acid · polyribocytidylic acid☆

Treatment of mice with the interferon inducer polyriboinosinic acid · polyribocytidylic acid [poly(IC)] results in the depression of several hepatic proteins. In this study we examined synthesis and degradation of the proteins of liver cell organelles in mice treated with poly(IC). Effects on synthesis were determined by using [14C]- and L-[3H]leucine incorporation into control and poly(IC)-treated mice, respectively. At selected times after poly(IC) treatment the sol3H14C ratio was established for preparations of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and 105,000g supernatant (cytosol). Time-dependent alterations in de novo protein synthesis were greatest in lysosomal and rough endoplasmic reticular fractions; both were depressed 9 h after treatment. The effects of poly(IC) on protein degradation were determined with [14C]bicarbonate. Poly(IC) treatment decreased the time required for disappearance of 50% of 14C-labeled protein (t12 of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula. Examination of endoplasmic reticulum marker enzymes showed depression of cytochromes P-450 and b5 from 9 h onward after poly(IC) administration. Tyrosine aminotransferase activity was elevated 6 h after treatment with poly(IC), and then depressed after 9 h. The other organelle marker enzymes were not affected significantly. We conclude that poly(IC) decreases the content of proteins of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum, including certain cytochrome P-450 isozymes, by decreasing rates of protein synthesis and increasing rates of protein degradation.
Modes of action of hypoxanthine, inosine and inosine 5'-monophosphate on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine brain.

Abstract A purified bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase catalyzed the hydrolysis of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Alternative substrate inhibition experiments indicated that cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were hydrolyzed by the same enzyme and that they shared a common binding site. Inosine, inosine 5'-monophosphate and hypoxanthine competitively inhibited the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP by bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. This inhibition of cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis by the purines was affected by the pH of the mixture. The inhibition constants of inosine, inosine 5'-monophososphate and hypoxanthine when inhibiting enzymatic hydrolysis of cyclic AMP were 0.36 ± 0.05, 1.3 ± 0.2 and 3.2 ± 0.5 mM, respectively. With cyclic GMP as substrate, the inhibition constants were 0.50 ± 0.09, 1.8 ± 0.2 and 4.5 ± 0.7 mM for inosine, inosine 5'-monophosphate and hypoxantine respectively. The per cent inhibition by inosine, inosine 5'-monophosphate or hypoxanthine of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was not altered by the addition of calmodulin (calcium-dependent protein activator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase) to the enzyme. The effect of calmodulin was not changed by these purine inhibitors. These results suggest that the binding site of calmodulin differed from that of the inhibitors and from that of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.
Sustained-Release Fampridine (4-Aminopyridine) in Multiple Sclerosis: Efficacy and Impact on Motor Function

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sustained-release fampridine (4-aminopyridine) in veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS) with limited ambulatory ability, and its impact on motor function in an outpatient setting.
Short Term Continuous Intravenous Infusion of Growth Hormone (GH) Inhibits GH-Releasing Hormone-Induced GH Secretion: A Time-Dependent Effect*

We previously reported that GH secretion evoked by GHRH is inhibited after 5 days of treatment with im GH. This impaired pituitary response was associated with a significant increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). To dissociate the possible effects of circulating IGF-I from other effects of GH on the pituitary response to GHRH, we carried out the following study in eight normal men. A bolus injection of GHRH (1 μg/kg, iv) was administered 2 h after the start of a 4-h continuous iv infusion of GH (180-μg bolus dose, then 3 μg/min in 150 mmol/L NaCl) or placebo (150 mmol/L NaCl). In addition, a similar injection of GHRH was given 4 h after the start of a 6-h continuous iv GH infusion (180-μg bolus dose, then 3 μg/min). During the GH infusions, plasma GH levels reached steady state concentrations in the 9–13 μg/L range. The mean GHRH-induced GH response was not significantly blunted during the 4-h infusions of GH 724 ± 163 (±se) vs. 1184 ± 373 μg·min/L during placebo; P =...
Manufacturing and Selling Poultry Products as a Student Learning Experience

Abstract The University of Wisconsin Poultry Science Club members participate annually in a poultry products workshop. The students form committees for making products, packaging according to the orders received, and distributing the finished products. Some of the experiences obtained during the products workshop include learning how to debone turkeys, the formulation and manufacture of products such as turkey breakfast sausage and turkey rolls, the various aspects of curing and emulsion technology, and the importance of adherence to details. Workshop profits are used for scholarships and club activities.
Fuel consumption models for pine flatwoods fuel types in the southeastern United States

Modeling fire effects, including terrestrial and atmospheric carbon fluxes and pollutant emissions during wildland fires, requires accurate predictions of fuel consumption. Empirical models were developed for predicting fuel consumption from fuel and environmental measurements on a series of operational prescribed fires in pine flatwoods ecosystems in the southeastern United States. The models predicted fuel consumption more accurately than the decision support tools First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) and Consume and will allow fire and fuels managers in the region to belter estimate fuel consumption and air quality impacts from prescribed burning.
55% PAE and High Power Ka-Band GaN HEMTs With Linearized Transconductance via $\hbox{n}+$ GaN Source Contact Ledge

We report small- and large-signal performances of 140-nm gatelength field-plated GaN HEMTs at Ka-band frequencies, in which the GaN HEMTs were fabricated with n+ source contact ledge. The parasitic channel resistance is reduced by ~ 50%, whereas the peak extrinsic transconductance is improved by 20% from 370 to 445 mS/mm. The GaN HEMTs with n+ source ledge exhibit improvement of maximum stable gain by at least 0.7 dB over reference devices without n+ ledge. At 30 GHz, CW output power density of 10 W/mm is measured with peak PAE of 40% and associated gain of 8.4 dB at Vds = 42 V. At Vds = 30 V, the output power density is measured as 7.3 W/mm with peak PAE of 50%, peak DE of 58%, and associated gain of 8.5 dB. The best PAE was measured as 55% at 5 W/mm at 30, 33, and 36 GHz, where the associated gains were 7.9, 7.6, and 8.2 dB, respectively.
FDTD Schemes With Minimal Numerical Dispersion

A novel formulation of hybrid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods is presented. Significant reduction of numerical dispersion is achieved by the proposed FDTD methods that combine the second-order and higher-order finite-differences. Also, the proposed FDTD methods exhibit significantly higher solution accuracy than the accuracy of standard FDTD schemes as a result of partial mutual cancellation of numerical errors provided by the developed FDTD update procedure. The residual numerical error of the phase velocity remains low even for sampling of a few points per wavelength. Also, the FDTD schemes based on the proposed approach are faster and more accurate than the corresponding purely higher-order FDTD schemes with the same mesh. Test examples are provided for validation purposes.
Factors Affecting Subspecialty Referrals by Pediatric Primary Care Providers for Children With Obesity-Related Comorbidities:

Objective. To determine referral patterns from pediatric primary care to subspecialists for overweight/obesity and related comorbidities. Methods. We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to identify overweight/obesity and 5 related comorbidities in primary care visits between 2005 and 2009 by children 6 to 18 years. The primary outcome was whether the visit ended in referral. We used multivariable analysis to examine factors associated with referral. Results. We identified 34 225 database visits. A total of 17.1% were with overweight (body mass index = 85th to 94th percentile) or obese (body mass index ≥ 95th percentile) patients. A total of 7.1% of primary care visits with overweight/obese children ended in referral. Referral was more likely when obesity was the reason for visit (odds ratio = 2.83; 95% confidence interval = 1.61-4.97) but was not associated with presence of a comorbidity (odds ratio = 1.35; 95% confidence interval = 0.75-2....
The role of reputation in the recruitment of scientists

Drawing on the sociology of science literature, we argue that a ‘reputation’ for openness with scientific information may be an important asset for a company to possess with regard to its recruiting efforts. To test this argument, we conducted a survey of over 400 Ph.D. students to determine if a company's support for publication matters in their job search, and what their opinions were regarding a list of twelve US pharmaceutical companies. Our results were that publication support does matter, but not as much as quality of research staff, working conditions, and salary. However, a ranking by our respondents of their top three prospective employers mirrored a ranking of those companies’ publication records suggesting that publication may indeed be a signaling device, thus providing a higher degree of visibility, that prospective employees consider.
Direction Selective Silicon Retina that uses Null Inhibition

Biological retinas extract spatial and temporal features in an attempt to reduce the complexity of performing visual tasks. We have built and tested a silicon retina which encodes several useful temporal features found in vertebrate retinas. The cells in our silicon retina are selective to direction, highly sensitive to positive contrast changes around an ambient light level, and tuned to a particular velocity. Inhibitory connections in the null direction perform the direction selectivity we desire. This silicon retina is on a 4.6 × 6.8mm die and consists of a 47 × 41 array of photoreceptors.
Formal Methods for Dynamic Power Management

Dynamic Power Management or DPM refers to the problem of judicious application of various low power techniques based on runtime conditions in an embedded system to minimize the total energy consumption. To be effective, often such decisions take into account the operating conditions and the system-level design goals. DPM has been a subject of intense research in the past decade driven by the need for low power in modern embedded devices. We present an overview of the formal methods that have been explored in solving the system-level DPM problem. We show how formal reasoning frameworks can potentially unify apparently disparate DPM techniques.
Localization and Phosphorylation of Abl-Interactor Proteins, Abi-1 and Abi-2, in the Developing Nervous System

Abl-interactor (Abi) proteins are targets of Abl-family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and are required for Rac-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization in response to growth factor stimulation. We asked if the expression, phosphorylation, and cellular localization of Abi-1 and Abi-2 supports a role for these proteins in Abl signaling in the developing and adult mouse nervous system. In mid- to late-gestation embryos, abi-2 message is elevated in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS). Abi-1 mRNA is present, but not enhanced, in the CNS, and is not observed in PNS structures. Abi proteins from brain lysates undergo changes in apparent molecular weight and phosphorylation with increasing age. In the postnatal brain, abi-1 and abi-2 are expressed most prominently in cortical layers populated by projection neurons. In cultured neurons, Abi-1 and Abi-2 are concentrated in puncta throughout the cell body and processes. Both Abi and Abl proteins are present in synaptosomes and growth cone particles. Therefore, the Abi adaptors exhibit proper expression patterns and subcellular localization to participate in Abl kinase signaling in the nervous system.
Optimum Protease Exposure Time for Removing Adhesiveness of Walleye Eggs

Abstract Increasing concentrations of protease solution reduce the treatment time required for removal of the adhesive layer surrounding eggs of the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). When concentrations were increased from 0.01 to 0.1%, treatment time decreased from 30 to 5 min; however, treatment with a 1.0% solution for more than 1 min resulted in 100% egg mortality.
Potent Induction of α(1,3)-Fucosyltransferase VII in Activated CD4+ T Cells by TGF-β1 Through a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway

Homing of effector T cells to sites of inflammation, particularly in the skin, is dependent on T cell expression of ligands for the endothelial selectins. Underlying expression of these ligands is the expression of alpha(1,3)-fucosyltransferase VII (FucT-VII), a FucT essential for biosynthesis of selectin ligands. FucT-VII is sharply induced in activated T cells by IL-12, but cytokines other than IL-12 that induce FucT-VII and functional selectin ligands have not been identified, and are likely to be important in homing of T cells to other selectin-dependent sites. Screening of a number of cytokines known to be active on T cells identified only TGF-beta1 as able to up-regulate FucT-VII mRNA levels and selectin ligands on activated CD4 T cells. The sharp increase in FucT-VII induced by TGF-beta1 in activated T cells was completely blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but was unaffected by mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-related kinase kinase inhibitors. The selective ability of TGF-beta1 to induce selectin ligands on activated T cells is likely important for T cell homing to the gut, which is a strongly selectin-dependent site, and correlates with the ability of TGF-beta1 to coordinately induce other gut-associated homing pathways.
A neural network model of kinetic depth

We propose a network model that accounts for the kinetic depth in structure from motion phenomena. Using plausible neural mechanisms, the model accounts for (1) fluctuations in perception when viewing a simple kinetic depth stimulus, (2) disambiguation of this stimulus with stereoscopic information, and (3) subsequent bias of the percept of this stimulus following stereoscopic adaptation. The model comprises two levels: a layer of monocular directionally selective motion detectors that provide input to a second layer of disparity-selective and direction-selective binocular mechanisms. The network of facilitatory and inhibitory connections between binocular mechanisms gives rise to fluctuations in network activity that mimic the fluctuations in perception of kinetic depth in the absence of disparity information. The results of a psychophysical experiment are consistent with the nature of the proposed interactions.
Laser photoionization of H o beams for charge-changing injection

The two-step charge-changing injection used in the Los Alamos Proton Storage Ring (PSR) requires stripping of H- to Ho by high magnetic fields and subsequent stripping of Ho to H+ by a carbon foil. We consider single-and multiphoton laser ionization as alternatives to using a fragile foil. The multiphoton case is of possible interest for selection of practical lasers, which tend to have increased power output at higher wavelengths. The formulas derived express the necessary laser powers for ionization of monoenergetic Ho beams; they also hold for beams of particles other than atomic hydrogen. The numerical examples given are for the 800-MeV PSR beam with momentum spread taken into account. Additionally, we discuss selective stripping as an implication of the inherent energy selectivity of the photoionization process.
DCT-based phase correlation motion estimation

A DCT-based phase correlation motion estimation algorithm is proposed in this paper. By combining four real transforms, a new complex linear phase transform is obtained and is used in phase correlation motion estimation. The application in video compression is discussed in detail. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is robust and efficient.
Stephen Davis's objection to the second ontological argument

Stephen Davis has argued that the second ontological argument (OA) fails as a theistic proof because it ignores the logical possibility of what he calls an ontologically impossible being. By an “ontologically impossible being” (OIB) he means a being that (a) does not exist, (b) logically-possibly exists, and (c) would exist necessarily if it existed. In this brief essay, I argue, first, that even if an OIB is logically possible, its logical possibility is irrelevant to the OA at issue; and second, that an OIB is in fact logically impossible, because the predicates which define it are inconsistent. The concept of an OIB may be coherent if necessity is understood as ontological self-sufficiency, but even so the OIB is irrelevant to the OA.
Video Games in Education: Why They Should Be Used and How They Are Being Used

Today's K–20 students have been called, among other names, the net generation. As they matriculate through the education system, they are often exposed to materials and manipulatives used for the past 40 years, and not to the digital media to which they are accustomed. As student scores continue to regress from Grade 3 to Grade 12 and technical jobs once housed in the United States continue to be outsourced, it is critical to expose and challenge the Net Generation in environments that engage them and motivate them to explore, experiment, and construct their own knowledge. The commercial popularity of video games is beginning to transpose to the classroom; but is the classroom ready? Are teachers and administrators ready? This article provides a practical rationale for and experiences with integrating video games into the K–20 (kindergarten through graduate school) curriculum.
Abnormal returns, risk, and financial statement data: The case of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait

Abstract This paper examines abnormal returns and changes in risk for transportation firms immediately around the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Further, it tests whether the variation in the abnormal returns can be explained cross-sectionally with standard financial and industry-descriptive variables. The results indicate that transportation firms suffered a −2.09% abnormal return and increases in unsystematic risk. The cross sectional regression explains 31% of the variation in the abnormal returns, with firm size, liquidity, leverage, percentage of sales to the Department of Defense, and dummy variables denoting firms producing recreational vehicles or owning oil-producing subsidiaries contributing significantly to the regression.
A quantitative SNR analysis for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution

A quantitative analysis for short-time Fourier transform has been previously given. We analyze the SNR for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution with rectangular windows for multicomponent signals in additive noise. The SNR for the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution in terms of a sampling rate is given for a fixed window length.
Asymmetry within social groups: division of labour and intergroup competition

Social animals vary in their ability to compete with group members over shared resources and also vary in their cooperative efforts to produce these resources. Competition among groups can promote within-group cooperation, but many existing models of intergroup cooperation do not explicitly account for observations that group members invest differentially in cooperation and that there are often within-group competitive or power asymmetries. We present a game theoretic model of intergroup competition that investigates how such asymmetries affect within-group cooperation. In this model, group members adopt one of two roles, with relative competitive efficiency and the number of individuals varying between roles. Players in each role make simultaneous, coevolving decisions. The model predicts that although intergroup competition increases cooperative contributions to group resources by both roles, contributions are predominantly from individuals in the less competitively efficient role, whereas individuals in the more competitively efficient role generally gain the larger share of these resources. When asymmetry in relative competitive efficiency is greater, a group's per capita cooperation (averaged across both roles) is higher, due to increased cooperation from the competitively inferior individuals. For extreme asymmetry in relative competitive efficiency, per capita cooperation is highest in groups with a single competitively superior individual and many competitively inferior individuals, because the latter acquiesce and invest in cooperation rather than within-group competition. These predictions are consistent with observed features of many societies, such as monogynous Hymenoptera with many workers and caste dimorphism.
The influence of the hormonal steroids on urinary tract disturbances associated with gynecologic disorders

Abstract Animal experiments have allowed conclusions to be drawn concerning the influence and working mechanism of the steroid hormones on the urinary tract. The series of clinical observations reveal that the steroid hormones are useful in certain urinary disturbances associated with gynecologic disorders. On the basis of the animal experimentations other therapeutic uses may be found for the steroid hormones in urinary tract disturbances associated with gynecologic disorders.
A review of interventions for the reduction of driving anger

Abstract This paper describes and reviews the efficacy of interventions to lower anger and aggression in angry drivers. The review suggests there is beginning empirical support for cognitive, relaxation, and behavioral interventions and their combinations. Thus, it suggests that therapeutic and prevention researchers and practitioners have a base of empirically supported interventions from which to develop and tailor interventions to specific populations. It also points to promising interventions (e.g., acceptance-based interventions) that may enhance intervention effectiveness. Anchoring the targeting of interventions to empirically established elements of the angry driver’s experience provides an empirical and logical basis from which to construct mediation analyses to assess if interventions effect change along theoretically specified vectors of change (e.g., does cognitive therapy lead to change in cognitive aspects of driving anger which, in turn, mediate change in other aspects of driving anger). The paper draws general conclusions regarding the status of outcome research on driving anger reduction and concludes with several recommendations for future research.
Sanger Sequencing Exons of BDNF Gene Derived from a Latino Sample (P2.144)

OBJECTIVE: To conduct Sanger sequencing of three targeted exon regions of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) gene within a Latino sample. BACKGROUND: Little is known about BDNF gene sequencing amongst Latinos. DESIGN/METHODS: We obtained blood samples from 357 Latinos (234 females). The mean (SD) age was 41.7 (8.3) and 41.5 (9.4) years for men and women, respectively. Participants included self-identified Latino persons recruited between 2009 and 2011 for a cardiometabolic disease study. Informed consent for future DNA research was obtained. Participants underwent extensive medical evaluation, including a self-administered survey on physical activity. The mean (SD) BMI for those who reported physical exercise was 29.5(4.9), and for those who did not report exercise was 31.9(7.5). In order to determine whether previously identified polymorphisms associated with disease were also carried in the genomes of our population, we conducted Sanger sequencing of three targeted exon regions of the BDNF gene. Custom python scripts were developed to convert raw sequencing reads and quality metrics to trimmed reads which were then aligned to the BDNF reference sequence using the (BWA) package. Polymorphisms were identified and characterized using IGV. RESULTS: A known SNP, (rs2353512) associated with addiction and neuropsychiatric morbidity was found in our sample. Although our sample was overweight or obese, we did not find a well-known polymorphism associated with Obesity (Val66Met [G->A/C->T rs6265 ]). No variations between sequence and reference were observed in region 2 (aln 136-582) or region 3 (aln 25-223). CONCLUSIONS: A well-known polymorphism that is associated with obesity was not observed in our Latino sample, suggesting that sequence variations responsible for the obesity phenotype in our sample are in a region of the gene/genome that we did not sequence. It is also possible that other non-BDNF genomic regions are responsible for the obesity phenotype in our sample. Therefore, future sequencing efforts will focus on whole-genome assessment of our sample. Study Supported by: Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine Disclosure: Dr. Dawit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Acosta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Champion has nothing to disclose. Dr. Velgos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shaibi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandarino has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cevette has nothing to disclose. Dr. Caselli has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Clinical Neurology News. Dr. Geda has nothing to disclose.
Impact of Virtual Simulation to Teach Concepts of Disaster Triage

Abstract Background At a time when major disasters are occurring with increasing frequency, nurses must understand principles of disaster triage. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a virtual simulation to teach nursing students concepts of triage using the Sort, Assess, Lifesaving Interventions, and Treatment/Transport model. Method Using a mixed methods approach, six Bachelor of Science in Nursing students participated in a Web-based, virtual simulation of an earthquake. Students took a 20-item, multiple-choice test before and after the simulation and participated in a debriefing session. Results A Wilcoxon signed rank test suggested no statistically significant improvement on the post-test (p = .168). Qualitative data revealed the following themes: (a) Fun, (b) Appreciation for Immediate Feedback, (c) Better than Reading, and (d) Technical Issues. Conclusions With the improvement in technology and further educational research efforts, use of virtual simulation may be a teaching solution.
Measured and predicted aerodynamic heating on a cylinder in wake of AFE configuration at incidence

Thin-film resistance gages were used to measure cylinder surface heat-transfer rates in the near wake of the Aeroassist Flight Experiment vehicle configuration, while surface-streamline directions were ascertained by the oil-flow techniques under the same configuration and test conditions. Both heat transfer distributions and flow over the entire cylinder surface were influenced by impingement of that portion of the free shear layer originating at the forebody shoulder in the upper symmetry plane. Heating rate distributions predicted with a Navier-Stokes solver computer code were in general agreement with measurements.