cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A pragmatic access to space approach for the ST8 mission

NASA the new millennium program (NMP) approach to space flight validation of advanced technologies is to alternate between subsystem and system flight validations. Candidates for each NMP project (subsystem or system) are competed through a NASA research announcement process, and proposal selection is determined by NASA headquarters. Space technology 8 (ST8) is the second NMP subsystem project. It includes technology experiments selected from four technology capability areas. The forecast for launch is 2008. The key distinguishing feature between the first subsystem project (ST6) and ST8 is the approach for access to space (ATS). The ST6 Project was initiated in 1999 - a time of great expectations for an expanded launch industry and potential for a great deal of 'ride-sharing' to space. Anticipating an environment rich with partnering possibilities, the ST6 competing teams sought and found a variety of accommodations for ATS (e.g., as payloads on other spacecraft, or as a payload on the shuttle's HitchHiker Program). Lessons learned from ST6 include the loss of partnerships or 'rideshares' in a time of decreasing launch availability, cancellation of a partner's project, and loss of the space shuttle (as of this writing) as a host platform. The ST8 mission was initiated in 2003, after the 'crash' of the launch industry, and the NMP approach for access to space changed. NMP planned to provide a launch vehicle and carrier spacecraft that would accommodate the selection of subsystem technologies. Because of the competitive element of NMP, however, the technologies to be flown would not be known until a year after the start of the competition and that valuable time could be used to prepare for the spacecraft requirements, and align the spacecraft acquisition to coincide with the down-selection of the technology payload. NMP was confronted with a ('chicken-or-the-egg') dilemma: Since the technology payload has not been chosen, how do we scope the NMP carrier requirements? If we wait to begin work on the spacecraft requirements until after NASA selects the technology payloads, we could lose a year or more toward enabling future space science missions. This paper tells the story of the evolution of the access to space approach for the ST8 Project, with some insights and comments on the benefits and risks of this approach.
Rapid P1 SAR of brain penetrant tertiary carbinamine derived BACE inhibitors.

This Letter describes the one pot synthesis of tertiary carbinamine 3 and related analogs of brain penetrant BACE-1 inhibitors via the alkylation of the Schiff base intermediate 2. The methodology developed for this study provided a convenient and rapid means to explore the P1 region of these types of inhibitors, where the P1 group is installed in the final step using a one-pot two-step protocol. Further SAR studies led to the identification of 10 which is twofold more potent in vitro as compared to the lead compound. This inhibitor was characterized in a cisterna magna ported rhesus monkey model, where significant lowering of CSF Aβ40 was observed.
Health-related fitness of seven- to 10-year-old children with histories of preterm birth.

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate health-related fitness and physical activity levels of seven-to 10-year-old children with histories of preterm birth.Methods:Twenty-two children, aged seven to 10 years, that were born five to 10 weeks preterm were recruited into the study and mat
Pharmacodynamics of Ziprasidone in Children and Adolescents: Impact on Dopamine Transmission

ABSTRACT Objective Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic with a high ratio of 5-HT2A to D2 receptor antagonism. It is also an agonist at 5-HT1A, which has been shown in rats to increase dopamine in prefrontal cortex. The objective of this study was to probe the dopamine agonist and antagonist pharmacodynamic properties of ziprasidone in youth. Method A single-dose, open-label study was conducted in 24 youths, 7 to 16 years of age, with Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder. Ziprasidone oral suspension (40 mg/mL) was given to achieve 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg. Patients were subsequently assessed for serum ziprasidone, serum prolactin, and eye blink rates. Results Serum ziprasidone peaked 4 hours postdose. Prolactin (baseline mean 7.2 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2–9.2) peaked at 4 hours (mean 27.5 ng/mL, 95% CI 22.6–32.3). Eyeblink rates per 5 minutes (baseline mean 60, 95% CI 42–79) peaked at 6 hours (mean 74, 95% CI 52–96). Conclusions Ziprasidone acutely blocks dopamine transmission, as indicated by increased prolactin levels, and, in a delayed fashion, appears to stimulate dopaminergic transmission, as indicated by the increase in spontaneous eye blinks. The mechanism of dopaminergic stimulation is presumed to be indirect, via 5-HT1A agonism.
Spontaneous enophthalmos associated with chronic maxillary sinusitis

Enophthalmos and ptosis of the globe is usually a consequence of orbital trauma resulting in a blowout fracture of the orbital floor. Surgical exploration reveals a loss of inferior support due to a disruption of the bony orbital floor. We document five patients with a syndrome of spontaneous enophthalmos and ptosis of the globe unassociated with orbital trauma. The apparent dissolution of the orbital floor causes the loss of inferior support. There is a strong association with ipsilateral chronic maxillary sinus disease.
The Texas Tech project for dissemination of wind engineering research and curriculum via electronic media

Abstract The importance of transferring the wind engineering research into curriculum and practice has been the focus of much attention in the recent past. Also, many Universities are exploring ways to enhance their existing curriculum for both on-campus students and distance education. With the emergence of software and computer hardware specifically designed for multimedia-based presentations and the constantly improving conditions for learning via the Internet, it is now possible to achieve these goals more effectively than ever before. In this paper, three separate efforts at Texas Tech University are described; integrating wind engineering research to the existing curriculum, developing a wind engineering course for distance education, and devising a method for fast dissemination of wind engineering research and curriculum, all involving different forms of electronic media.
"nuclear matter" approach to the energy dependence of the real part of the proton-nucleus optical potential at intermediate incident energies

We present and discuss here the results of a calculation of the real part of the potential energy of a proton within nuclear matter, making use of the realistic Reid soft-core nucleon-nucleon interaction, which we justify in the intermediate-energy range. The problem of evaluating the volume of the real part of the proton-nucleus optical-model potential as a function of incident energy is solved with the help of a number of techniques previously developed in the literature of nuclear-matter theory. We find good agreement with results of various phenomenological studies over an energy range of 100 to 1050 MeV incident proton energy for targets $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, which we adopt as test cases. Furthermore, we consider a number of higher-order corrections to our initial result; all of these have minimal effect in the energy regime we have considered except for the third-order correction proposed by Rajaraman, as we demonstrate and discuss. Finally, we show that the conventional approach to the nucleon-nucleus potential at medium energy, the so-called Rayleigh-Lax potential, which makes use of a straightforward impulse approximation and an empirical nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitude, is in gross disagreement both with phenomenological findings concerning the energy dependence of the optical potential and with results of the present calculations. We make an effort to shed some light on the physical reasons for the failure of the Rayleigh-Lax approach, as opposed to the success of other approaches relying upon realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions or phase shifts rather than an empirical medium-energy nucleon-nucleon $T$ matrix.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}(p,p)$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}(p,p)$, $E=100\ensuremath{-}1050$ MeV; nuclear matter approach used to estimate volume of real part proton-nucleus optical model potential, multiple-scattering formalism, numerical estimates of various higher-order terms.]
2-(2'-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4'-(fluoroalkoxy)-phenylthio)benzenamine derivatives as serotonin transporter imaging agents

A novel series of ligands with substitutions at the 5-position on phenyl ring A and at the 4'-position on phenyl ring B of 2-(2'-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4'-(fluoroalkoxy)phenylthio)benzenamine (4'-2-fluoroethoxy derivatives 28-31 and 4'-3-fluoropropoxy derivatives 40-42) were prepared and tested as serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agents. The new ligands displayed high binding affinities to SERT (Ki ranging from 0.03 to 1.4 nM). The corresponding 18F labeled compounds, which can be prepared readily, showed excellent brain uptake and retention after iv injection in rats. The hypothalamus region showed high uptake values between 0.74% and 2.2% dose/g at 120 min after iv injection. Significantly, the hypothalamus to cerebellum ratios (target to nontarget ratios) at 120 min were 7.8 and 7.7 for [18F]28 and [18F]40, respectively. The selective uptake and retention in the hypothalamus, which has a high concentration of SERT binding sites, demonstrated that [18F]28 and [18F]40 are promising positron emission computed tomography imaging agents for mapping SERT binding sites in the brain.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa

Background Metabolic syndrome is a multifaceted disorder strongly associated with increased risk for development of cardiovascular disease. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been associated with metabolic syndrome. Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant physical and emotional sequelae. Objective We sought to investigate a possible association between hidradenitis suppurativa and metabolic syndrome. Methods A retrospective chart review of all dermatology clinic encounters over an 18-month period identified 366 patients with an appropriate diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa. A control population was created from patients seen in the same clinic during the same time period for the diagnoses of either keloids or verruca vulgaris using the matching criteria of age ±5 years, race, and gender. All participants were examined for characteristics of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Program III guidelines. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa was 50.6%, which was significantly higher than the control group at 30.2% (P Limitations This was a retrospective review. Some participants could not be analyzed for metabolic syndrome presence as a result of missing data points. Conclusion Our results indicate that patients with hidradenitis suppurativa may be at high risk for metabolic syndrome.
The price of selfish behavior in bilateral network formation

Given a collection of selfish agents who wish to establish links to route traffic among themselves, the set of equilibrium network topologies may appear quite different from the centrally enforced optimum. We study the quality (price of anarchy) of equilibrium networks in a game where links require the consent of both participants and are negotiated bilaterally and compare these networks to those generated by an earlier model due to Fabrikant et al. [6] in which links are formed unilaterally. We provide a characterization of stable and efficient networks in the bilateral network formation game, show that the set of stable networks is richer than those in the unilateral game, and that all stable networks of the unilateral game are also stable in the bilateral game. We also provide an upper and lower bound on the price of anarchy (tight in the size of the network n but not the link cost α) of the bilateral game and show that the worst-case price of anarchy of the bilateral model is worse than for the unilateral model. A careful empirical analysis demonstrates that the average price of anarchy is better in the bilateral connection game than in the unilateral game for small link costs but worse as links become more expensive. In the process, a powerful equivalence between link-based graph stability and two game-theoretic equilibrium notions is also discussed. The equivalence establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for an equilibrium in the bilateral game that helps provide a partial geometric characterization of equilibrium graphs.
Molecular weight fractionation and the self-suppression of complex coacervation.

A marked molecular weight fractionation accompanies the demixing or phase separation resulting from the complex coacervation of mixtures of aqueous solutions of salt-free isoionic unfractionated gelatins with pI's of 5 and 9. Viscosity studies show that the fractionation is such that the concentrated phase tends to maintain constant, homogeneous composition. A second feature, seen in phase volume and concentration measurements, is a marked self-suppression of coacervation intensity with increasing mixing concentration. These data were interpreted in terms of a dilute-phase aggregate model which assumes nearly equal electrostatic free energies of mixing in dilute aggregate and concentrated random phase. The driving force for phase separation is the entropy increase upon formation of the random phase but demixing also depends upon the polymer-solvent interaction parameter χ, in the same fashion as in simple coacervation. The dilute-phase aggregate model indicates that the sharp molecular weight selection takes place in the aggregate formation step and explains the self-suppression. Phase equilibria studies utilizing fractionated, paucidisperse high molecular weight gelatins, emphasize the requirement for concentrated phase homogeneity and indicate that aggregates of different molecular weight may act as different components, so that χP1Q1,PkQk > 0, bringing about a separation of the system into three or more coexisting phases. The formation of several coexisting phases from a homologous polyelectrolyte system and the very marked requirement for phase homogeneity suggest that the phenomenon of complex coacervation is a very good model for some of the essential steps in the pre-biologic organization of polymeric polyions.
Integrated risk management for renewable energy investment over life cycle

The provision of a financial product for renewable energy requires that the return of the financial product be determined based on the portion of risk it holds. Accurately modeling the risk becomes essential in order to achieve higher penetration of renewable energy in markets. This paper combines the effect of the various types of risks, and shows that the overall risk of renewable energy is not the sum of the individual risks due to each driving factor. The applications of the proposed model are illustrated by two cases: the impact in energy markets and the distribution of profit to different types of risk. Energy efficiency, electricity prices and wind speed, which are associated with potential risks, are modeled as inputs.
Ideal multicomponent liquid solution as a mixed solvent

The present paper is concerned with mixtures composed of a highly nonideal solute and a multicomponent ideal solvent. A model-free methodology, based on the Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory of solutions, was employed. The quaternary mixture was considered as an example, and the full set of expressions for the derivatives of the chemical potentials with respect to the number of particles, the partial molar volumes, and the isothermal compressibility were derived on the basis of the KB theory of solutions. Further, the expressions for the derivatives of the activity coefficients were applied to quaternary mixtures composed of a solute and an ideal ternary solvent. It was shown that the activity coefficient of a solute at infinite dilution in an ideal ternary solvent can be predicted in terms of the activity coefficients of the solute at infinite dilution in subsystems (solute + the individual three solvents, or solute + two binaries among the solvent species). The methodology could be extended to a system formed of a solute + a multicomponent ideal mixed solvent. The obtained equations were used to predict the gas solubilities and the solubilities of crystalline nonelectrolytes in multicomponent ideal mixed solvents. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental solubilities was obtained.
The encoding of arbitrary surfaces in 3-dimensional space☆

Abstract A procedure is proposed which uses some basic aspects of topology for the description and encoding of arbitrary surfaces. Surfaces are triangulated in a specific way and the triangulation provides a simplicial chain code which is related to the octagonal chain code for planar curves.
Breaking the 100-fs barrier with a streak camera

We present a novel x-ray streak tube design that uses a modest extraction field at the photocathode, axial time-of-flight dispersion compensation, and transverse energy selection to achieve better-than-100-fs time resolution.
Role for pancreas in biosynthesis of creatine.

SummaryArginine-glycine transamidinase, one of the 2 enzymes concerned with the biosynthesis of creatine from amino acid precursors, has been found to occur in high concentration in mammalian pancreas. Homogenates of dog pancreas have approximately 5 times the transamidinase activity of kidney homogenates from the same animal, on a wet weight basis. The assay systems by which these tissues were compared included (a) canavanine-ornithine transamidination, made unidirectional by the addition of a carbonyl compound to trap canaline, and (b) arginine-hydroxylamine transamidination. It is suggested that the ability to catalyze these latter two reactions is a characteristic property of transamidinases. Chemical and enzymic syntheses of hydroxyguanidine are described.
Dominance of mineral dust in aerosol light-scattering in the North Atlantic trade winds

ATMOSPHERIC aerosols can affect climate by scattering and absorbing solar radiation1–3. Most recent studies of such effects have focused largely on anthropogenic sulphate aerosols, which are believed to exert a substantial cooling influence2. Mineral dust aerosols have been largely ignored, because it was thought that their scattering efficiency and concentrations were too low to have a substantial effect on climate. Here we report measurements of the light-scattering properties of North African dust delivered to Barbados by the North Atlantic trade winds. Although the mass scattering efficiency of the dust is only about a quarter of that of non-seasalt sulphate over the North Atlantic5, the annual-mean dust concentration in Barbados trade-wind air is 16 times that of non-seasalt sulphate6. The net scattering by mineral dust is therefore about four times that by non-seasalt sulphate aerosols. African mineral dust should therefore be the dominant light-scattering aerosol throughout the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic region. Our observations suggest that mineral dust could be an important climate-forcing agent over this ocean region and in other regions where dust concentrations are high7,8.
Effect of sequence of measurement on particle count and size measurements using a light blockage (HIAC) particle counter

Abstract Recent legislation in the U.S. has forced the water treatment plants to use particle size measurements in conjunction with turbidity measurements to ensure the removal of pathogenic entities from drinking water. There is a general lack of information among the water treatment professionals about the intricacies and pitfalls of particle size measurements, particularly for samples with low particulate concentrations. This work focuses on how the sequence of sample analysis can affect the results obtained, if an improper analysis protocol is used. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate this point, the conclusion being that care should be taken in sequencing of samples for batch particle counts as well as in one-line particle size measurements. A protocol is presented that avoids such problems.
Statistics without substance: a critique of Freedman et al. and Clark and Morrison.

This article critiques the views of Freedman et al. and Clark and Morrison on questions having to do with the applications of social science methodology in the law including statistical techniques to measure racial bloc voting and techniques to estimate the Spanish-origin percentage of registered voters. It is argued that these authors misunderstand the case law in the voting rights area and have unrealistic standards of precision that if adopted would make it virtually impossible for minority plaintiffs to successfully prosecute a voting rights claim. (EXCERPT)
Plant development: Making asymmetric flowers

The question of how positional information is assigned in floral meristems is beginning to be answered, aided recently by the cloning of a gene responsible for conferring dorsal fate in Antirrhinum majus flowers.
Positional accuracy, positional uncertainty, and feature change detection in historical maps: Results of an experiment

Abstract The measurement and management of positional accuracy and positional uncertainty is especially problematic in historical cartography and Historical GIS applications, for at least two reasons: first, historical sources, and especially historical maps, generally carry a higher degree of positional inaccuracy and uncertainty compared to contemporary geographic databases; second, it is always difficult and often impossible to reliably measure the positional accuracy and positional uncertainty of the spatial attribute of historical data. As an added complication, the terms “inaccuracy” and “uncertainty” are often used as synonyms in the literature, with relatively little attention given to issues of uncertainty. In this article we propose a methodology for detecting the positional inaccuracy and positional uncertainty of measurements of urban change using historical maps at a very high spatial resolution (the building). A widely accepted and routinely employed method for detecting urban change, and spatial change in general, consists in overlaying two or more maps created at different dates, but the technique can lead to the formation of spurious changes—typically, sliver polygons—that are the product of misclassification error or map misalignment rather than actual modifications in land cover. In this paper we develop an algorithm to detect such spurious changes. More in general, we extend the discussion to examine the effects of positional uncertainty and positional inaccuracy in feature change detection analysis. The case-study is the city of Milan, Italy.
ISOTOPE AND SOLVENT EFFECTS OF DEUTERIUM ON RABBIT-MUSCLE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE.

Abstract Samples of NADH2 containing deuterium in different positions were compared with the protium compound as coenzymes for rabbit-muscle lactate dehydrogenase ( L -lactate: NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27). Assays were carried out in both H2O and 2H2O. In both solvents there was a normal isotope effect (1.3–1.4) on the maximum velocity when deuterium was substituted for the transfeerable hydrogen [α-4-2H]NAD, but the effect of secondary substitution [β-4-2H]NAD was inverse (0.7–0.8). In H2O, [α-4-2H]NAD was bound more rapidly and more firmly to the enzyme than was NADH2, whereas [β-4-2H]NAD was less so. In 2H2O, the relative rates of binding were reversed, [β-4-2H]NAD being bound most rapidly; however, the dissociation constants of the enzyme-coenzyme complex were altered the same way in both solvents.
1H NMR spectra of some 5-substituted-thianthreniumyl perchlorates

1 H NMR spectra of 21 5-substituted-thianthreniumyl perchlorates are reported that allow chemical shift and structural assingments to be made
Desensitization of chemical activation by auxiliary subunits: convergence of molecular determinants critical for augmenting KCNQ1 potassium channels.

Chemical openers for KCNQ potassium channels are useful probes both for understanding channel gating and for developing therapeutics. The five KCNQ isoforms (KCNQ1 to KCNQ5, or Kv7.1 to Kv7.5) are differentially localized. Therefore, the molecular specificity of chemical openers is an important subject of investigation. Native KCNQ1 normally exists in complex with auxiliary subunits known as KCNE. In cardiac myocytes, the KCNQ1-KCNE1 (IsK or minK) channel is thought to underlie the IKs current, a component critical for membrane repolarization during cardiac action potential. Hence, the molecular and pharmacological differences between KCNQ1 and KCNQ1-KCNE1 channels have been important topics. Zinc pyrithione (ZnPy) is a newly identified KCNQ channel opener, which potently activates KCNQ2, KCNQ4, and KCNQ5. However, the ZnPy effects on cardiac KCNQ1 potassium channels remain largely unknown. Here we show that ZnPy effectively augments the KCNQ1 current, exhibiting an increase in current amplitude, reduction of inactivation, and slowing of both activation and deactivation. Some of these are reminiscent of effects by KCNE1. In addition, neither the heteromultimeric KCNQ1-KCNE1 channels nor native IKs current displayed any sensitivity to ZnPy, indicating that the static occupancy by a KCNE subunit desensitizes the reversible effects by a chemical opener. Site-directed mutagenesis of KCNQ1 reveals that residues critical for the potentiation effects by either ZnPy or KCNE are clustered together in the S6 region overlapping with the critical gating determinants. Thus, the convergence of potentiation effects and molecular determinants critical for both an auxiliary subunit and a chemical opener argue for a mechanistic overlap in causing potentiation.
The microstructure of several stony meteorites

Abstract The microstructure of the metallic particles and some other features of six chondritic meteorites wore examined. The particles are interpreted as products of the fragmentation of spherical nickel-iron chondrules upon impact with the sandy surface of an accumulating parent meteorite body. One of the meteorites, Ness County, appears to have endured a severe collision is space. It is suggested that a clue to the minimum temperature reached by a meteorite might be provided by inducing the martensite transformation in taenite.
Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to proteins.

Summary The active sites of enzymes can be studied in great detail using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The determination of pK a values of active site histidine residues in bovine pancreatic ribonuclease and the characterization of the binding of peptide hormones to carrier proteins are two such examples. The study of the active site of staphylococcal nuclease is another example and is presented in detail in this paper. The structure of 3′5′-thymidine diphosphate bound in the active site of staphylococcal nuclease has been studied by measuring the relaxation rate enhancement of substrate analog nuclei by a paramagnetic metal ion. The lanthanide ion, Gd(III), was substituted for Ca(II) in the formation of the ternary complex of nuclease : Gd(III) : 3′5′-thymidine diphosphate. Measurements were made of the transverse relaxation rates of protons and the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of the phosphorus nuclei of bound nucleotide. Internuclear distances between the metal ion and atoms of the 3′5′-thymidine diphosphate nucleotide were determined from these data by using the Solomon-Bloembergen equation. In general, these distances corresponded closely to those determined by previous X-ray crystallography of the thymidine diphosphate complex. These internuclear distances were also used with a computer program and graphics display to solve for metal : nucleotide geometries which were consistent with the experimental data. A geometry similar to the structure of the metal : nucleotide complex bound to nuclease determined by X-ray analysis was one of the solutions to this computer modeling process. For staphylococcal nuclease the NMR and X-ray methods yield compatible high resolution information about the structure of the active site.
Super-resolution imaging of diffusing analyte in surface-enhanced Raman scattering hot-spots

This paper describes recent efforts to characterize the diffusion of single molecule SERS analytes adsorbed to the surface of aggregated silver nanoparticles. Using a two-dimensional Gaussian function to fit the point spread function of a single diffraction-limited SERS emission image, the centroid of the emission can be located with precision better than 5nm. Tracking the centroid over time allows a diffusion trajectory to be constructed. By calculating the mean-r-squared displacement as a function of time lag, the diffusion properties of the SERS centroid can be tracked. For the single molecule SERS centroids presented herein, the diffusion analysis shows signatures of subdiffusion, indicating barriers to Brownian diffusion on the nanoparticle surface.
Rabbit acrosin: Immunological dissimilarity to rabbit trypsin†

Antibodies obtained from guinea pigs injected with rabbit pancreatic trypsin together with antibodies raised in rabbits against bovine acrosin or bovine pancreatic trypsin were reacted against various mammalian trypsins and acrosins in double diffusion tests. The results of immunodiffusion analyses reveal antigenic dissimilarity between rabbit acrosin and rabbit trypsin.
Analyses and Optimizations for Shared Address Space Programs

We present compiler analyses and optimizations for explicitly parallel programs that communicate through a shared address space. Any type of code motion on explicitly parallel programs requires a new kind of analysis to ensure that operations reordered on one processor cannot be observed by another. The analysis, calledcycle detection, is based on work by Shasha and Snir and checks for cycles among interfering accesses. We improve the accuracy of their analysis by using additional information fromsynchronization analysis, which handles post?wait synchronization, barriers, and locks. We also make the analysis efficient by exploiting the common code image property of SPMD programs. We make no assumptions on the use of synchronization constructs: our transformations preserve program meaning even in the presence of race conditions, user-defined spin locks, or other synchronization mechanisms built from shared memory. However, programs that use linguistic synchronization constructs rather than their user-defined shared memory counterparts will benefit from more accurate analysis and therefore better optimization. We demonstrate the use of this analysis for communication optimizations on distributed memory machines by automatically transforming programs written in a conventional shared memory style into a Split-C program, which has primitives for nonblocking memory operations and one-way communication. The optimizations includemessage pipelining, to allow multiple outstanding remote memory operations, conversion of two-way to one-way communication, and elimination of communication through data reuse. The performance improvements are as high as 20?35% for programs running on a CM-5 multiprocessor using the Split-C language as a global address layer. Even larger benefits can be expected on machines with higher communication latency relative to processor speed.
A note on Kolk's “Judgment of sentence structure in Broca's aphasia”

Abstract Hierarchical clustering studies of the performance of agrammatic aphasics have been taken as providing evidence that agrammatism is: (a) a syntactic deficit; and (b) that the category Adjective may, like the class of function words, be impaired. It will be argued here that neither the assumptions of the analytic paradigm employed nor the actual data adduced provide evidence supporting either conclusion.
Polarimetry in Capillary Dimensions

Microinterferometeric backscatter is employed to detect optically active molecules in capillary tubes. The capillary polarimetric detector (CPD) is based on the interaction between a polarized laser beam and a capillary tube. The simple optical configuration employs a He−Ne laser, a glass polarizing plate, a fused silica tube, and a CCD-based laser beam analyzer. Side illumination of the capillary produces a 360° fan of scattered light that contains two sets of high-contrast interference fringes. These light and dark spots are viewed on a flat plane in the direct backscatter configuration. It is shown that the modulation depth for the high-frequency component is sensitive to the polarization plane for the illumination source and facilitates the quantitative determination of optical activity for a fluid contained in a capillary. A 90° rotation of exciting plane-polarized light results in a depth of modulation change of ∼80% when unmodified capillaries ranging from 75 to 530 μm i.d. are employed. Signal int...
Managing Customer Value

This paper builds the framework for linking the established work of competitive advantage with the emerging discipline of value marketing. The outcome of this linkage is the concept of strategic value management. Strategic value management focuses on the right combinations of product quality, customer service and fair prices as the key to selling to today’s value conscious consumers. The core of the strategy stresses the firm’s ability to combine and manage these dimensions of value in a way that a strategic value advantage is created and maintained. This advantage provides long‐term profitability for the firm and satisfaction for the customer segment. Three companies that excel at strategic value management, Southwest Airlines, Hewlett‐Packard, and Nordstrom, illustrate how this advantage provides long‐term profitability for their firm and satisfaction for their customer segment. Value oriented actions have been developed to support a strategic value approach.
Metabolic programming: Role of nutrition in the immediate postnatal life

Although genes and dietary habits are generally implicated in the aetiology of the prevailing obesity epidemic, the steep increase in the incidence of obesity within a relatively short span of time suggests that other contributing factors may be at play. The role of nutritional experience during the very early periods of life is increasingly being recognized as contributing to growth and metabolic changes in later life. Epidemiological data and studies from animal models have established a strong correlation between an aberrant intrauterine environment and adult-onset disorders in offspring. The nutritional experience in the immediate postnatal life is another independent factor contributing to the development of metabolic diseases in adulthood. Although studies on the small-litter rat model have shown that overnourishment during the suckling period results in adult-onset metabolic disorders, our studies have shown that a change in the quality of calories-specifically, increased carbohydrate intake by newborn rat pups in the immediate postnatal period-results in chronic hyperinsulinaemia and adult-onset obesity. Several functional alterations in islets and in the hypothalamic energy homeostatic mechanism appear to support this phenotype. Remarkably, female rats that underwent the high-carbohydrate dietary modification as neonates spontaneously transmitted the obesity phenotype to their offspring, thus establishing a vicious generational effect. The high-carbohydrate diet-fed rat model has particular relevance in the context of the current human infant feeding practices: reduction in breast feeding and increase in formula feeding for infants, accompanied by early introduction of carbohydrate-enriched baby foods.
Clinical features and management of young patients with cardioinhibitory response during orthostatic testing.

Abstract Neurally mediated syncope is being recognized with increasing frequency in young adults and more recently in children.1–4 Most children undergoing formal orthostatic testing exhibit a vasodepressor or mixed response with a gradual onset of hypotension, often preceded by sinus tachycardia, followed by secondary bradycardia and syncope.1–3 Few of these patients have a dominant cardioinhibitory response exhibiting sudden onset of bradycardia and syncope without prior hypotension or tachycardia.1 Syncopal episodes in this group (unusual in the pediatric experience) may present more risk owing to the rapid onset of syncope, prolonged asystole and seizure activity often exhibited.4 This study reports on the incidence, clinical features, management and outcome of infants and children presenting with dominant Cardioinhibitory syncope.
Employing multiple theories and evoking new ideas: the use of clinical material.

In this paper, I wish to illustrate how working with a patient who had a certain kind of narcissistic difficulty led me to develop particular clinical strategies to facilitate the development of a sturdier sense of self, greater affect tolerance and modulation, the diminution of harshness of her superego, and the ownership of projected parts of herself, and to decrease paranoid ideation. I call upon concepts from various theoretical schools of psychoanalysis to make sense of the dynamic intricacies of the patient’s psychological organization as they revealed themselves in the analytic process. These conceptualizations of the patient’s difficulties and of clinical interventions to address them result in a hybrid theory of both theory and technique. What transpired in the clinical work also led me to propose an additional way to understand this kind of patient’s difficulties with accepting interpretations or any view that differed from the patient’s subjectivity. I am proposing that ‘otherness’ itself, rather than only specific conflictual aspects of the self, is disowned. It is the analyst’s empathic stance toward all that is repudiated – the specific disowned aspects of the self and ‘otherness’ itself – along with empathy for the patient’s conscious state that will enable reinternalization and ultimately healing.
The Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Early Life Stages of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata

Along the Atlantic coast black sea bass occur from the Gulf of Maine to Florida and support important commercial and recreational fisheries. Interest in commercial production of black sea bass has increased in recent years due to high demand and limited seasonable availability. Efforts towards large-scale production have been hampered by a high incidence of early larval mortality. Two of the most important environmental variables affecting hatchery production of marine finfish larvae are temperature and salinity. In the wild, larval black sea bass are found in waters with temperatures of 12–24 C and salinity levels of 30–35 ppt. Studies were conducted to define the temperature and salinity ranges that support growth and development of black sea bass during early life stages. Three developmental phases were investigated: 1) fertilization to hatch: 2) hatch through yolk sac absorption: and 3) during the initial exogenous feeding stage (5–14 days post hatch: DPH). Fertilized eggs were obtained by manual spawning of fish following administration of LHRHa. Fertilized eggs were transferred to 300-mL glass Petri dishes or 500-mL beakers to assess the effects of salinity and temperature through hatch and yolk sac absorption, respectively. To determine environmental effects on growth and survival during initial exogenous feeding 400 actively feeding larvae were cultured in green water and fed enriched rotifers for a 9-d period. For investigation of the effect of salinity, sea water (35 ppt) was diluted gradually to 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt and maintained at 21 C. For examination of the effect of temperature, seawater was adjusted from 21 C to 12, 15, 21, 27, or 30 C at a rate of 3 C/h. No eggs hatched at 12 C or when salinity was maintained at 0 or 5 ppt. Hatching was uniformly high (≥ 85%) at temperatures between 15 and 27 C and at salinities ≥ 15 ppt. Survival through yolk sac absorption was greatest at temperatures between 18 and 27 C and at salinities ≥ 20 ppt. Survival through first feeding stage was highest at temperatures ≥ 18 C and 30 ppt salinity. Larval growth through first feeding was not significantly affected by salinity level but did increase with rearing temperature. The results indicate that survival and development of black sea bass during early life stages are most favorable at temperatures >18 C with salinity levels approaching full strength seawater.
From Satisfying to Violating the Null Energy Condition

We construct a theory that admits a time-dependent solution smoothly interpolating between a null energy condition (NEC)-satisfying phase at early times and a NEC-violating phase at late times. We first review earlier attempts to violate the NEC and an argument of Rubakov, presented in [V. A. Rubakov, Phys. Rev. D 88, 044015 (2013)], which forbids the existence of such interpolating solutions in a single-field dilation-invariant theory. We then construct a theory which, in addition to possessing a Poincar\'e-invariant vacuum, does admit such a solution. For a wide range of parameters, perturbations around this solution are at all times stable, comfortably subluminal and weakly coupled. The theory requires us to explicitly break dilation invariance, so it is unlikely that the theory is fully stable under quantum corrections, but we argue that the existence of a healthy interpolating solution is quantum-mechanically robust.
Tunable Infrared Lasers

Tunable infrared lasers have been used in research laboratories for ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy measurements of molecular gases. While these lasers offer the potential for greatly improving instrument (e.g., laser spectrometer) performance, implementation of the instrument function is complicated by the nature of the laser source. Laser characteristics which must be considered include factors such as tuning mechanisms, spectral purity, stability and power. This talk reviews these characteristics for a variety of tunable infrared lasers including diode lasers (TDL), optical parametric oscillators (0P0), and high pressure gas lasers (HPG). Particular attention is paid to recent developments in the TDL including continuous operation at 8.5 gm wavelength at temperatures above liquid nitrogen (77°K) and high power efficiency in the 4-5 um region with output powers ~0.3 W. These developments reduce the operating complexity of TDL's and significantly increase their application potential. Spectroscopic techniques used for obtaining high resolution spectra in the 3.5 to 20 um region will be discussed and illustrated with spectra of NO, CO2, and H2O.
The inhibition of a chromatin-bound proteolytic activity

Abstract A chromatin-bound proteolytic activity found in rabbit thymus nuclear lysates has been studied. Incubation of washed chromatin fibers led to degradation of histone H1 resulting in products which ran on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels slightly ahead of the three native H1 fractions. The activity has also been demonstrated in a chromatin preparation purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Of the five histones, H1 appeared to be the most readily degraded although with extended incubation times the core histones were also affected. The proteolytic activity was not inhibited by Na 2 SO 3 , PMSF, STI, pepstatin, or EDTA. Effective inhibitors included leupeptin, tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone, and tosylaminophenylethylchloromethyl ketone.
Microcellular foaming of polypropylene containing low glass transition rubber particles in an injection molding process

Microcellular foams in polypropylene containing rubber particles were produced in an injection molding process. The foams are generated because of the thermodynamic instability and are controlled by formation process. The effect of processing parameters on microcellular foaming was investigated in the injection molding process. Injection speed and pressure are less important factors but packing pressure plays an important role in controlling the foam density. A critical packing pressure, about 5 × 106 Pa, was found to generate microcellular foams in our polypropylene material system. Rubber particles inside the polypropylene seem to stabilize the microcellular foams.
An analysis of the effects of septal lesions on negatively reinforced behavior.

The relationship of the septal region to behavior is analyzed, specifically, with regard to the effects of septal lesions on behavior which is under the control of some kind of noxious, or aversive stimulus. It is shown that these effects will be dependent upon the stimulus environment in which the behavior is tested. The unconditioned responses elicited by these stimulus conditions will determine the type and magnitude of the observed behavioral changes. Results obtained thus far support the hypothesis that destruction of the septal forebrain results in a hypersensitivity, as manifest by hyperreactivity, to exteroceptive stimulus events. This hyperreactivity to stimulus events will be shown in two ways: by changes or exaggerations of the unconditioned response to the stimuli present in the environment, and by increases in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus. These changes will either interfere with, or facilitate behavior, depending upon the particular stimuli which are present in the environment. Other findings suggest that a distinction may have to be made between effects of septal lesions on behavior which is controlled by external and internal (e.g., proprioceptive) stimulus events.
Delayed Postoperative Agitation in a Child After Preoperative Midazolam

We present a case report of a 5-year-old boy who had severe agitation after PACU discharge after midazolam premedication for minor otologic surgery. He was treated over several hours in the emergency department with several doses of midazolam and phenobarbital, without resolution of the agitation. Finally, a single dose of flumazenil (0.2 mg) effectively reversed the child's agitation. The incidence and potential mechanisms for postoperative agitation are discussed, with a focus on the potential for midazolam-induced behavioral reactions. This information has nursing implications for postoperative discharge instructions and follow-up.
Electrodermal levels and fluctuations during normal sleep.

All night recordings of skin potential (SP) and skin resistance (SR) levels and rapid electrodermal fluctuations (REFs) were taken from a group of college students during two nights of normal sleep. An attempt was made to associate changes in these measures with stages of sleep as identified by EEG patterns. Electrodermal levels could differentiate between wake and sleep but could not clearly identify individual sleep stages or REM periods. REFs were found to increase in number during slow wave sleep and decrease during Stage I REM periods. This diminution of REFs occurred consistently about six minutes before the onset of each REM period and then returned at a lower rate a few minutes after the termination of the REM period.