cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Levetiracetam monotherapy for elderly patients with epilepsy

Abstract We retrospectively identified 14 elderly patients with a history of partial seizures who received levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy. Patients began LEV either as first line therapy ( n =5) or were converted to LEV monotherapy ( n =9) after failing prior antiepileptic medications (AEDs). Thirteen patients continued on LEV monotherapy for at least 6 months. One patient was lost to follow-up. Eight patients (61.5%) became seizure free. Four patients who began LEV as a first line therapy became seizure free, whereas the remaining four patients who converted to LEV after they failed their previous AEDs became seizure free. Four patients (30.7%) had more than a 50% seizure reduction of seizures. Only one patient had no significant change in seizure frequency after started on LEV. The total dosages used to control seizures were 500–3000mg/day, (mean 1839.2mg/day). LEV monotherapy can be effective and well tolerated in this group of patients. A prospective, larger, double blind monotherapy study is needed to confirm this finding.
IgA ASC accumulation to the lactating mammary gland is dependent on VCAM-1 and alpha4 integrins.

The homing and migration of IgA antibody secreting cells (ASC) to the lactating mammary gland is essential to the passive transfer of immunity from mother to nursing neonate. Antibody secreting cells, located within the lactating mammary gland, produce high levels of antigen-specific IgA antibodies. These antibodies, which are subsequently transferred to the nursing neonate via breast milk, provide passive immune protection against antigens previously encountered by the mother to the nursing infant. The efficient homing and accumulation of lymphocytes is highly dependent on cellular adhesion molecules expressed on the vascular endothelium and their integrin ligands. Vasculature within the lactating mammary gland is known to express several adhesion molecules, including VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1. However, the role of these molecules in vivo has not been previously described. Here we show that α4 integrins and VCAM-1 play essential roles in mediating the accumulation of IgA ASCs to the lactating mammary gland. Conversely, neither MAdCAM-1 nor its major ligand α4β7 are required for efficient IgA ASC accumulation to this tissue.
A TOP DOWN APPROACH TO MULTI-NAME CREDIT

We examine multi-name credit models from the perspective of point processes. In this context, it is natural to pursue a top down approach: the economy as a whole is modeled flrst. The technique of random thinning consistently generates sub-models for individual flrms or portfolios. A candidate for the top down approach is a self-exciting process, whose intensity at any time depends on the sequence of events observed up to that time. A self-exciting process incorporates the contagion observed in credit markets and avoids an ad hoc choice of copula. The familiar doubly stochastic process is at the opposite end of the spectrum in the sense that it is constructed from the bottom up: individual flrm intensities are estimated and then aggregated. We rigorously analyze self-exciting and doubly stochastic processes with respect to their ability to capture contagion. Model fltness can be tested using a deep result of Meyer (1971), which shows that any point process with continuous compensator can be transformed into a standard Poisson process by a change of time. Meyer’s result allows us to extend the scope of the tests proposed by Das, Du‐e & Kapadia (2004) for a doubly stochastic model.
The Influence of Tax Costs on Organizational Choice in the Natural Resource Industry

This study investigates the influence of TRA86, pre‐TRA86 tax strategies, and firm characteristics on S conversions in the natural resource industry. TRA86 shifted substantial individual tax costs to corporations, inviting conversions, but also lowered corporate marginal tax rates and changed aspects of the built‐in gain provision to reduce conversion benefits. Built‐in gain changes affect industries differently because of differences in asset composition and economic conditions. The natural resource industry had substantial built‐in gain potential and was consolidating and restructuring during the mid‐80s, making built‐in gain realization likely. Our results suggest that built‐in gains negatively influenced conversions in the natural resource industry. This study enhances our understanding of the interaction between TRA86 rate changes and other provisions on incentives to convert from C to S corporate status. It also contributes to the organizational form literature by identifying factors related to TRA8...
Across Languages, Modes, and Identities: Bilingual Adolescents’ Multimodal Codemeshing in the Literacy Classroom

We seek to understand how bilingual adolescent students leverage multiple languages and modes in digital composition. Using a translingual and multimodal perspective of composition, this study reports on the distinct communicative affordances associated with four students’ multimodal codemeshing practices. Through analysis of students’ digital products and retrospective design interviews, we found that students meshed linguistic and modal resources to engage multiple audiences, convey multidimensional and nuanced meanings, and (re)voice their subjects’ experiences. We conclude with pedagogical implications for practitioners seeking to incorporate students’ multilingual and multimodal meaning-making resources in the classroom.
CREATING CULTURES OF SAFETY: PARADOXICAL EFFECTS OF IDENTICAL SAFETY CULTURE INTERVENTIONS ON INPATIENT HOSPITAL UNITS

Background Our knowledge of how to create safety cultures is extremely limited. This research utilized an unusual opportunity to longitudinally study how the same intervention—an evidence-based bundle, including bedside multidisciplinary rounds and a quality-safety checklist—altered culture differently on three inpatient hospital units. Objectives Using methods from both anthropology and quality improvement, this research evaluates the dynamic process of implementing a highly complex culture change intervention by: (1) describing the units at baseline, (2) characterizing the transformation of units during implementation, and (3) identifying the activities and contextual factors that accelerated or hindered the implementation process. Methods Three inpatient internal medicine units in the US and Australia were studied over two years. Data collection included over 420 hours of ethnographic participant observation, 102 semi-structured interviews with hospital staff, and 141 safety culture questionnaires. Qualitative data was coded and analyzed using modified grounded theory, and triangulated against the quantitative using iterative constant comparison and cross-case analysis. Results The intervention successfully disrupted cultural norms on one unit, but unexpectedly failed to do so at another. The implementation was well-resourced and consistent between units. However, the failed unit suffered from an inadvertent reinforcement of hierarchy within rounds, mutations in the meaning of checklists, and interactions with local hierarchies and conceptions of nurse-patient relationships. Conclusions This research informs the design of subsequent culture change interventions, as reports of failure to change culture are rare in the literature. This study uniquely expands previous understanding by building a framework based in the social sciences for understanding and changing safety culture.
The Judiciary and the Role of Law: A Positive Political Theory Perspective

In this chapter for a comprehensive volume on political economy, the authors survey key work in the positive political theory tradition and its impact on the study of law and judicial politics. They consider, in particular, the influence of positive political theory on the study of statutory interpretation, administrative law, and judicial independence. This chapter draws upon the recent literature and aims, as well, to synthesize into some discernible themes a broad body of work within the positive political theory framework.
Heterogeneities in regional volumes of distribution and flows in rabbit heart

The heterogeneity of volumes of distribution in the heart influences the rates of uptake and washout of substrates and metabolites; thus it is important to evaluate their variability in the normal heart. Several tracers were injected intravenously into anesthetized adult closed-chest rabbits, and time was allowed for equilibration in the heart. Tracer microspheres were injected into the left ventricular cavity at the apex for the measurement of regional flows, the chest was opened, another set of microspheres was injected, and the heart was frozen rapidly in situ with liquid nitrogen-cooled Freon-22. Each heart was divided into 72 pieces of less than 0.1 g weight, and the tracer content of each was determined by multichannel gamma-counting and the water content by desiccation. The regional myocardial flows were (closed chest) 0.62 +/- 0.16 ml.g-1.min-1 and (open chest) 0.63 +/- 0.37 ml.g-1.min-1. The volumes of distribution (ml/g) for the 432 pieces for six rabbits, given as mean +/- SD (% coefficient of variation), were as follows: for plasma, VP = 0.11 +/- 0.03 (26%); erythrocytes, VRBC = 0.041 +/- 0.015 (37%); vascular space, VV = 0.15 +/- 0.04 (26%); extracellular space, VECF = 0.33 +/- 0.05 (15%); interstitial space, VISF = 0.21 +/- 0.03 (15%); and water space, VW -0.79 +/- 0.022 (2.8%). Regional hematocrits were 77% +/- 9% of the large-vessel hematocrits.
Techniques Used in an Urban Watershed Planning Study

For planning level studies of urban flooding, it is important to obtain reasonable estimates of hydraulic performance and water quality improvements at a cost …
Fitting Population Anthropometric Data to a Proportional Man Model with Reference to Prime Computer's Sammie Program

This study addresses the problem of fitting anthropometric data from different populations to proportional man models. Proportional models simulate the human shape by assuming fixed proportions between the various body dimensions. Percentiles can be created in such a model but are constrained by the given body proportions. Prime Computer's SAMMIE man model is an example of the proportional approach. The SAMMIE model is described with reference to the anatomical features it simulates. The constraints imposed by a proportional model are discussed. These include Ink lengths, flesh envelope and ranges of joint motion. A linear programming methodology is presented to fit available population data to the model. This program is designed with a user friendly graphic interface allowing the designer to easily of principle interest. A validation study of the method using NASA data is reported.
India’s Color Complex: One Day’s Worth of Matrimonials

Lighter skin complexions may function as a form of capital, particularly for women, in marriage markets. The existence of a preference for light skin for marital partners is an index of the presence of colorism or color bias in a given society. This paper reports on a detailed examination of marital advertisements that appeared in India’s Sunday Times on a single day in March 2013. It asks how often skin shade is mentioned in the advertisements placed among those seeking grooms and those seeking brides, how those mentions are distributed by the reported age of the prospective marital partner, and the type of language used to describe the individual’s complexion. The study finds that skin shade is described far more often in advertisements placed by prospective brides or their families than prospective grooms or their families, and, whenever complexion is mentioned, the possession of lighter skin shades.
Congenital Lesions of the Lung

1. Clinicians can provide better care for patients with congenital lung abnormalities when they understand the developmental sequence and different types of abnormalities. 2. Knowing the appropriate antenatal and postnatal imaging strategies for congenital lung abnormalities will optimize diagnosis and guide treatment. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Understand the developmental sequence of congenital lung abnormalities (CLA). 2. Distinguish the different types of CLA. 3. Identify the antenatal and postnatal imaging to optimize the diagnosis of CLA. 4. Know the treatment strategies for CLA. Congenital lung abnormalities (CLAs), also termed bronchopulmonary malformation (BPM), are increasingly identified in the perinatal setting. The use of ultrasonography with improved resolution for antenatal screening, along with supplementary fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased the detection of pulmonary lesions. The estimated incidence is 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 2,500 live births. A large percentage of these will remain asymptomatic in the neonatal period and later. An understanding of the pathophysiology and timing of the development of these lesions is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of these infants. CLAs are likely to represent a spectrum of developmental miscues, along with tracheobronchial obstruction, that result in the downstream formation of these lesions. (1) Lung development occurs through 5 distinct stages as follows: Embryonic (4–7 weeks): Lung buds develop off the primitive foregut. Lobar branching occurs along with vascular inflow and outflow development. Pseudoglandular (7–17 weeks): The tracheobronchial tree grows and branches, ultimately forming 20 generations of airways. Vascular ingrowth matches the tracheobronchial tree to the preacinar level and achieves a mature configuration. Arteries follow airway branching with the veins located in the adjacent connective tissue. Cannicular (16–23 weeks): Terminal branching of the bronchial tree occurs, forming respiratory bronchioles and initiating the formation of air-blood interface along with the differentiation of type 1 and 2 pneumocytes. Type …
On the Contradictive Themes in "Trilogy on the Sea"

Golding finished his "trilogy on the sea" late in his lifetime,which consists of Rites of Passage(1980),Close Quarter(1987) and Fire down bellow(1989).The first one is among Golding's masterpieces that have ever been awarded.In the trilogy,Golding give penetrating description and analysis of the society on the sea.The three novels together expose man's common contradictive condition that man unyieldingly keeps pursuing spiritual freedom in a limited society.It demonstrates a high invisible tension in man and the living environment.
Dictionary definitions: the likes and the unlikes.

The task of grouping word definitions from ESL (English as a Second Language) dictionaries based on the similarity of their meanings is the focus of this work. It is demonstrated that lexical features and unsupervised machine learning algorithms can be effectively used to approach this problem. Analysis of the efficacy of this methodology for this task and the involved data which consists of very short and very few definitions per group is provided.
VASCULAR MEDIATION OF GASTRIC MUCOSAL DAMAGE AND CYTOPROTECTION

This review addresses questions surrounding the role of the mucosal circulation in damage and protection against chemical injury to the stomach. The modern history of the topic is briefly summarized, and widely used methods are appraised critically. The role of the circulation is examined in mucosal injury and in cytoprotection, and a new conceptual model is described which involves the vasculature and inflammatory mediators.
Routine Management and Special Problems of Diabetic Children

Guidelines for the prescription, initiation, and adjustment of insulin plans in diabetic children are outlined, with an emphasis on patient education and active participation in the treatment regimen. The management of special situations--sick days, surgery, noncompliance, and travel--is also discussed.
Progress report: 1998 NATIONAL TRACS/ABA Burn Registry and related activities

1998 should prove to be a milestone year for the ABA, with the development of Version 2 of the NATIONAL TRACS/ABA Burn Registry software and the expansion of the NBR. Reasonable efforts will be made to accommodate as many of the suggestions for modifications to the software as possible, within the time line associated with this project. The software will be rigorously tested during the developmental phase so that ABA burn centers should have an upgraded version that is virtually free of problems. Clinical and administrative improvements will be made in the Burn Standard Reports to improve their usefulness for Burn Committee meetings and the Burn Verification Program. Strong efforts will be made to expand the NBR, which will include grow to include burn data from both TRACS and non-TRACS Burn Registry users. Language: en
Deep Digital Sequencing Identifies an AML Subclone with Enhanced in Vitro and in Vivo Growth Properties Associated with Disease Relapse

Abstract 407 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogenous malignancy of hematopoietic cells. All AML samples are comprised of a founding clone and usually one or more subclones that are derived from the founding clone; subclones can gain or lose mutations as they evolve from the founding clone, and often become dominant at relapse1. The clonal architecture of an AML sample can be identified using single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that cluster according to discrete variant allele frequencies (VAFs). To accurately identify clusters with common VAFs, deep digital sequencing must be performed using all of the SNVs present in each genome (hundreds of events). In this report, we studied the subclonal architecture of AML samples from UPN 452198, collected from a 55-year old woman with normal karyotype acute monocytic leukemia (FAB M5) with a high peripheral WBC count (72,700/mm3) at presentation. This bone marrow sample contained a founding clone and 3 subclones at presentation. The SNVs of the founding clone had a mean VAF of 46.4% (i.e. heterozygous mutations found in 92.8% of the cells in the bone marrow sample), including DNMT3A R882H and NPM1 W288 frameshift mutations. The mean VAFs of Subclones 1, 2 and 3 were 31.2%, 12.0% and 2.4%, respectively, and they contained all of the variants in the founding clone, along with additional variants, most notably FLT3 D835H and IDH1 R132H mutations in Subclone 1. The tumor at relapse consisted entirely of Subclone 3, which also contained 42 relapse-specific variants. We designed an oligonucleotide capture reagent to track all 118 de novo and relapse-specific variants, and obtained deep read counts (mean coverage per site: 412 reads/SNV) on the de novo AML sample under different experimental and biological conditions, as follows: 1) We showed that peripheral blood and bone marrow leukemia samples obtained at the same time had nearly identical clonal architectures. We verified this correlation using 4 additional AML samples, suggesting that clonal architecture is preserved in the peripheral blood for many AML samples. 2) We flow-sorted the leukemic peripheral blood sample into blasts, monocytes, and lymphocytes based on side-scatter characteristics and expression of CD45 and CD33. The founding clone and all three subclones were detected in the monocyte population, which was the predominant leukemic cell population in the peripheral blood. By flow cytometry, blasts comprised only 3.3% of the cells, but were strongly enriched for variants in Subclone 3 (mean VAF in sorted blasts 33.9% versus 3.0% in unsorted peripheral blood, p Disclosures: Ley:Washington University: Patents & Royalties.
Nonvolition in Hypnosis: A Semiotic Analysis

Heeding the counsel of the late J. R. Kantor, I conceptualize hypnosis as an interesting conversation and that the interactants are performing social roles. From this perspective, I apply a semiotic analysis to one of the puzzles of hypnosis: the disclaimer of agency by some subjects. I show that the hypnosis monologue is a grand metaphor, the literal and figurative terms of which are tacit and must be construed by the subject. Three kinds of construals are identified, one of which facilitates the disclaimer of agency. The subjects who disclaim agency fit the criteria for self-deception. I put forth two notions to aid our understanding of how one goes about the difficult task of deceiving oneself: (a) the compelling features of the self-narrative, and (b) the adoption of a metaphysical posture such that the disclaimer of agency does not appear irrational to the actor.
A 0.7V time-based inductor for fully integrated low bandwidth filter applications

A time-based gyrator Is presented to Implement ac­tive Inductors in an area efficient manner. Using a ring oscillator to integrate the input voltage and a switched transconductor to inject current into the input node, the proposed gyrator achieves inductive input impedance without using either large resistors or capacitors. Realizing the gyrator in this manner makes it amenable for technology scaling. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the inductor operates from a 0.7 V supply voltage and consumes 528 µW. Measurement results show inductance values in the range of 150 µH to 1.5 mH can be achieved.
Time dependency of eddy covariance site energy balance

Abstract Energy flow through ecosystems plays a critical role in processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales, from phonologically driven growing season or monthly temporal scales of landscapes to sub-diurnal responses of soil respiration to temperature, photosynthesis and water inputs. The interaction of short and longwave radiation and their partitioning through ecosystems is complex with terrestrial canopies and aquatic structure both connecting above- and below-ground processes via energy fluxes. Previous work has shown that at 30-min timescales, only 8% of eddy covariance sites in the La Thuile dataset observe energy closure and when averaged to 24-h timescales, this goes up to 45%. This work examines the effect of temporal lags in energy storage in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Analyses show energy storage terms have unique temporal lags that vary between ecosystem and time of year, from having zero lag to several hour timelags within terrestrial ecosystems, depending primarily on water content. Large differences between ecosystem types are also highlighted as aquatic ecosystems have lags that range between daily and monthly timescales. Furthermore, ecosystem disturbance can alter time-lags as well and results from a native bark beetle disturbance show both vegetation and soil lag increasing following changes to ecosystem processes from tree mortality. Considering energy storage lags can improve site energy closure in 20% of site-days in the FLUXNET2015 dataset and these results will lead to a better understanding of surface energy budget closure as well as highlighting the importance of time-dependency of ecosystem energy fluxes as a unique method to infer ecosystem processes.
Justice Souter's Common Law

The first-year law-school curriculum aims to teach students the “common-law method.” But exactly what sort of judicial reasoning that method permits and requires has long been the subject of debate. There are multiple models of common-law reasoning, not just one. This Article identifies one such model that legal scholars have yet to recognize as a distinct theory of common-law adjudication. It is an approach I ascribe to former Justice David Souter. Seeing Justice Souter as a common-law judge is hardly novel; it is the conventional wisdom about him. But in my view Souter’s understanding of the process of case-by-case adjudication reflects deeper philosophical commitments – and, for that reason, carries with it more radical implications – than has been appreciated. To support this claim, I compare Souter’s understanding of the common law to two better known rivals – Ronald Dworkin’s “law as integrity” and Judge Richard Posner’s legal pragmatism. I then show how each of the three models flows from its own more general model of practical reasoning. The upshot of the comparative analysis is a clearer view of a model of common-law reasoning that combines elements of the other two but that rejects an assumption common to them both. Like Dworkin’s, Souter’s model sees legal principles embodied in case law; but like Posner’s, it is empiricist and pragmatist in spirit. It can coherently combine these elements only because, unlike either of its rivals, Souter’s model treats factual and evaluative forms of reasoning as continuous with each other, rather than dichotomous. In rejecting the fact/value dichotomy, Souter accords a much greater role to history in common-law reasoning than do either Posner or Dworkin. The result is an understanding of common-law adjudication that is at once more traditional and more radical than either of its more famous rivals. I examine that more radical dimension at play in some of Justice Souter’s most famous and controversial opinions, including the joint opinion in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey.
Repeatability of measurements of removal of mite-infested brood to assess Varroa Sensitive Hygiene

Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH) is a useful resistance trait that honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeders could increase in different populations with cost-effective and reliable tests. We investigated ...
Dietary modifications for bowel dysfunction in rectal cancer survivors: The Altering Intake, Managing Symptoms (AIMS) intervention study.

141Background: Rectal cancer survivors often experience persistent long-term effects of treatment. Functional deficits, such as bowel dysfunction, are associated with poor quality of life (QOL). Th...
Demographic Changes in the United States of America: Challenges for Disaster Management

Changing demographic patterns in the United States seem to imply associated changes to the built environment of our cities, shifts in residential location choices, increased scarcity of resources, and concerns of environmental degradation. These in turn seem to increase the vulnerability of certain population segments to hazards, leading to greater losses during disasters. However, these disaster impacts can be reduced by emergency management interventions if planned for in advance through disaster mitigation strategies. In this chapter we discuss the projected demographic changes to four specific population segments in the United States, namely, the elderly, female-headed households, foreign-born population, and in-migrating populations.
Radiation defect dynamics in GaAs studied by pulsed ion beams

Gallium arsenide under ion bombardment at room temperature and above exhibits pronounced dynamic annealing that remains poorly understood. Here, we use a pulsed beam method to study radiation defect dynamics in GaAs in the temperature range of 20–100 °C irradiated with 500 keV Xe ions. Results show that, with increasing temperature, the defect relaxation time constant monotonically decreases from ∼5.2 to ∼0.4 ms. A change in the dominant dynamic annealing process occurs at a critical temperature of ∼60 °C, as evidenced by a change in the activation energy. A comparison with the other semiconductors studied by the pulsed beam method (Si, Ge, and 4H-SiC) reveals that both the high-temperature activation energy and the temperature below which dynamic annealing becomes negligible scale with the melting point.Gallium arsenide under ion bombardment at room temperature and above exhibits pronounced dynamic annealing that remains poorly understood. Here, we use a pulsed beam method to study radiation defect dynamics in GaAs in the temperature range of 20–100 °C irradiated with 500 keV Xe ions. Results show that, with increasing temperature, the defect relaxation time constant monotonically decreases from ∼5.2 to ∼0.4 ms. A change in the dominant dynamic annealing process occurs at a critical temperature of ∼60 °C, as evidenced by a change in the activation energy. A comparison with the other semiconductors studied by the pulsed beam method (Si, Ge, and 4H-SiC) reveals that both the high-temperature activation energy and the temperature below which dynamic annealing becomes negligible scale with the melting point.
A new method for evaluating the effectiveness of plastic packaging against radon penetration.

Abstract We describe a new method to evaluate radon barriers which is unique in that it gauges not only the intrinsic resistance to radon penetration of a plastic film but also the integrity of bags fabricated from the film and sealed following some protocol, and it employs gamma spectroscopy rather than alpha spectroscopy. We report the results of sealed bags fabricated from polypropylene, Nylon, Mylar, metallized Mylar, FEP, and PFA. Evaluation of the fluoropolymers FEP and PFA as radon barriers are the first such measurements.
Round Robin Thread Selection Optimization in Multithreaded Processors

We propose a variation of round-robin ordering in an multi-threaded pipeline to increase system throughput and resource distribution fairness. We show that using round robin with a typical arbitrar...
Particle-Aggregation Based Virus Sensor Using Deep Learning and Lensless Digital Holography

Deep learning-based lensless holographic microscopy enables a high-throughput and rapid readout for a particle-aggregation-based virus sensor, achieving a high sensitivity of ~5 viral copies per μL. © 2019 The Author(s)
Intermolecular Radical Cation Diels–Alder (RCDA) Reaction of Bicyclooctadienes: Biomimetic Formal Total Synthesis of Kingianin A and Total Syntheses of Kingianins D, F, H, and J

Three endo bicyclooctadienol dimers corresponding to kingianins A and H, D, and F and J were obtained by the intermolecular radical cation Diels-Alder (RCDA) reaction. Each isomer was cleanly isolated without the aid of preparative HPLC. Kingianins D, F, H, and J were prepared by way of these intermediates from commercially available materials in 10, 13, 9, and 17 steps, respectively. Kingianin A has already been prepared from one of these compounds. Completion of the synthesis of kingianin H relied on Manchand's one-step, three-carbon homologation.
Writing Resistance, Writing the Self: Literary Reconstruction in United States Prison Witness

Based in a digital archive of first-person witness by people currently incarcerated in the United States (U.S.), this paper discusses witness texts that document and grieve the experience of alienation of self-identity, fight that alienation, and that together map both the degradation of human dignity at the center of current U.S. penality and how it can be resisted in restoring sociality with other incarcerated people. Writing from inside often represents a moment not only of resistance to the prison regime, but of reconstruction of the self that is the premise for all further resistance. After placing prison witness today against the background of such witness from an earlier penal era, the paper looks at patterns across the essays currently posted in the American Prison Writing Archive (APWA). The paper suggests that the very availability of the APWA could re-ground future U.S. prison scholarship.
The Bones of the Others: The Hemingway Text from the Lost Manuscripts to the Posthumous Novels

In this work of literary archaeology and criticism, Hilary Justice tells the narrative of Ernest Hemingway's creative process using published and archival texts to articulate the connections between his life and writing. In what became ""The Garden of Eden"", Hemingway's character, David Bourne identifies his writing process as the creation of a new, forbidden country, asking himself the questions that drove Hemingway's own writing, ""So where do you go? I don't know. And what will you find? I don't know. The bones of the others I suppose."" Justice's investigations into Hemingway's creative method illuminate the map of Hemingway's forbidden country, revealing his writing as a lifelong simultaneous expression of present and past. Justice locates the power of Hemingway's fiction in this duality - in the paradoxical compulsions toward destruction and creation, lamentation and hope, and fear and love. Tracing his personal writing from the 1920s through the 1950s, Justice restores the lost manuscripts to their rightful place in the Hemingway canon and answers the question of the writer's suicide.
23 – Dental ceramics

Publisher Summary Dental ceramics have evolved to include glasses (porcelains), glass-ceramics, and structural ceramics (aluminas and zirconia). These types of ceramics are utilized in a wide range of dental applications ranging from inlays and onlays, crowns and bridges, to metal implant fixture abutments and most recently to one piece all-ceramic implants. Dental ceramics and in particular porcelains are principally utilized because of their esthetic qualities. However, highly esthetic porcelains are generally weak and must be combined with structural support, either metal or high-strength ceramics to function as posterior crowns or bridges. Glass-ceramics are an alternative approach to providing esthetics and strength for restorations in the anterior (front) of the mouth with studies of use in the posterior dentition being conducted. Structural ceramics suffer from a lack of translucency and must be of white color to be considered. Alumina and zirconia-based structural ceramics are utilized as crown cores and bridge frameworks but require application of an esthetic veneering ceramic for clinical use in replacement of tooth structure. This chapter discusses dental ceramics and their composition and fabrication. It presents the physical properties of these ceramics and discusses how these relate to clinical findings. It reviews what is known about damage mode and damage accumulation in model structures of dental ceramic applications, how these relate to clinical findings, and future developments in dental ceramics.
Thermal Management System Design for Electrified Aircraft Propulsion Concepts

This paper describes the development of thermal management systems (TMS) for three electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) vehicle concepts released by NASA that span the UAM, regional, and single-aisle markets. For each EAP concept, a conventional TMS is designed for two electric component technology levels: state of the art and advanced. The goals for the paper are to compare the TMS designs for the above EAP concepts, to study how changes in requirements affect the TMS subcomponents, and to develop generalized TMS sizing relations. Each conventional TMS concept utilizes a liquid-based cooling methodology and is designed to cool the EAP electrical components only. The design parameters considered in this study include TMS architecture variation due to differing vehicle cooling requirements, electrical component efficiencies, vehicle total fuel burn or energy consumption, and electrical component operating temperatures. Results show that cooling components with low temperature limits increases TMS weight and demonstrate that efficiency gains of the specific technologies can net a lower weight TMS system despite more stringent temperature limits.
Age trends in human chiasma frequencies and recombination fractions. I. Chiasma frequencies.

Abstract Chiasma frequency data on 183 males were subjected to an analysis of covariance. There appeared to be little or no linear trend in chiasma frequency with age. This conclusion was supported by a detailed analysis of chiasma frequencies for each autosome from 21 males. There were, however, significant differences among investigators in reported mean chiasma frequencies.
Cryptosporidium: Host-Parasite Interactions and Pathogenesis.

Cryptosporidium spp. (C. hominis and C. parvum) are a major cause of diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality in young children globally. While C. hominis only infects humans, C. parvum is a zoonotic parasite that can be transmitted from infected animals to humans. There are no treatment or control measures to fully treat cryptosporidiosis or prevent the infection in humans and animals. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of Cryptosporidium-host interactions and the underlying factors that govern infectivity and disease pathogenesis is very limited. Recent development of genetics and new animal models of infection, along with progress in cell culture platforms to complete the parasite lifecycle in vitro, is greatly advancing the Cryptosporidium field. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge of host-parasite interactions and how genetic manipulation of Cryptosporidium and promising infection models are opening the doors towards an improved understanding of parasite biology and disease pathogenesis.
Inclusion of pregnant individuals among priority populations for coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination for all 50 states in the United States.

Objective The American College of Obstetricians and Gyncologists (ACOG)1 recommends that COVID-19 vaccines should not be withheld from pregnant individuals who meet criteria for vaccination based on the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-recommended priority groups, which include pregnancy in priority Phase 1c to receive the vaccine (“.. persons aged 16–64 years with high-risk medical conditions..”).2 Final prioritization for COVID-19 vaccinations is based on individual states’ guidelines. The objective of this study was to review whether pregnant persons were uniformly included in individual states’ priority COVID-19 vaccination Phase 1 allocations. Study Design We accessed COVID-19 vaccination prioritization on the official state websites for each of the 50 US states and for the District of Columbia (DC) to confirm whether pregnant individuals are presently included among the Phase 1 priority groups. Because we used publicly available data and without patient information, no IRB approval was needed Results Table 1 shows the results of prioritization for pregnant individuals for each US state and DC.The majority of US states 36/51 (71%) encompassing 71% of the US population, does not include pregnant individuals among their priority populations. Only 6/13 of the states which mentioned pregnancy as a priority indication for COVID-19 vaccination and none of the 36 states not including pregnancy in priority groups, linked back to the CDC definition of pregnancy as increased risk of severe illness.3 Conclusions We found significant variations in how pregnancy is classified for COVID-19 vaccination by US states and the District of Columbia.ACIP includes pregnancy among the Phase 1 groups, defined as: “Adults of any age with certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for severe illness from the virus that causes COVID-19. Severe illness from COVID-19 is defined as hospitalization, admission to the ICU, intubation or mechanical ventilation, or death.”3 By stark contrast, the majority of US states excludes pregnancy from their priority populations. Pregnant individuals are at increased risk of severe illness and death form COVID-19 infections.1,2,3 Excluding them from Phase 1 priority will unnecessarily increase adverse outcomes for pregnant individuals. This becomes even more important if physicians recommend COVID-19 vaccinations to all pregnant persons.4 US states and the District of Columbia should reconsider their COVID-19 priority vaccination and include immediately pregnant individuals among their Phase 1 priority groups. A more effective approach toward eliminating variation in priorities of the states would be for the federal government to mandate this change.
Groups as organisms: Implications for therapy and training.

Abstract The intellectual tradition of individualism treats the individual person as the fundamental unit of analysis and reduces all things social to the motives and actions of individuals. Most methods in clinical psychology are influenced by individualism and therefore treat the individual as the primary object of therapy/training, even when recognizing the importance of nurturing social relationships for individual wellbeing. Multilevel selection theory offers an alternative to individualism in which individuals become part of something larger than themselves that qualifies as an organism in its own right. Seeing individuals as parts of social organisms provides a new perspective with numerous implications for improving wellbeing at all scales, from individuals to the planet.
Provision of Immediate Postpartum Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Before and After Wisconsin Medicaid's Payment Change.

Abstract Objectives We aimed to estimate the association between Medicaid unbundling of payment for long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) from the global delivery fee and immediate postpartum (IPP) LARC provision, in a state outside a select group of early-adopters. We also examine the potential moderating roles of hospital academic affiliation and Catholic status on the association between unbundling and IPP LARC provision. Methods We used a pre–post design to examine the association between unbundling and IPP LARC provision. We observed Medicaid-covered childbirth deliveries in Wisconsin hospitals between January 2016 and December 2017 (n = 45,200) in the State Inpatient Database from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We conducted multivariate regressions using generalized linear mixed models. Results From 2016 to 2017, IPP LARC provision increased from 0.28% to 0.44% of deliveries (p = .003). In our adjusted model, IPP LARC provision was 1.55 times more likely in the post–period versus the pre-period (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.13). Both before and after unbundling, IPP LARC provision was significantly more common in academic versus nonacademic settings and was exceedingly rare in Catholic institutions. Conclusions In contrast with many early adopting states, in this later adopting state, Wisconsin Medicaid's unbundling of LARC from the global fee did not meaningfully change the rates of IPP LARC provision. These results indicate that delivery hospital characteristics are strong correlates of access to IPP LARC and suggest the need for interventions—perhaps outside of the inpatient setting—to ensure that patients can access desired contraceptive methods promptly postpartum.
The influence of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative outcomes in bariatric surgery patients: a randomized, controlled trial

Abstract Background Preoperative carbohydrate loading is a component of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, but there is limited literature in bariatric surgery patients. Objectives The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative bariatric surgery outcomes. Setting University Hospital. Methods Patients undergoing a primary minimally invasive Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) between 2018 and 2020 were randomized to standard management or intervention. Standard management patients were nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight prior to surgery. Intervention patients consumed 2 carbohydrate drinks: 1 the night before and another 3 hours prior to surgery. Primary outcomes analyzed included postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), length of stay, and overall complications. Results In total, 134 patients were analyzed: 64 intervention (47.8%) and 70 (52.2%) standard. In the end, 7% and 15% of patients were lost to follow-up at 6-weeks and 3-months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in length of stay (2.0 ± 1.2 vs 2.1 ± .9 d; P = .65) or postoperative outcomes between the 2 groups. There were no episodes of aspiration among the intervention group. Among RYGB patients, intervention patients had a shorter duration of nausea compared with standard patients. There was no significant difference in glycemic control among patients with and without diabetes. Conclusions Preoperative carbohydrate drinks can be administered to bariatric surgery patients without significant risks. Carbohydrate loading preoperatively can decrease the duration of PONV in RYGB patients. Carbohydrate drinks can be safely included in bariatric ERAS protocols for patients with and without diabetes, although the benefits remain unknown.
A Gigantic Uterine Leiomyoma and Big Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipomas as a Result of Untreated Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

Introduction Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) can present early with salt wasting, adrenal insufficiency, and hyperandrogenism. Late consequences as a result of untreated CAH are now rarely seen. We present a patient with a massive uterine leiomyoma and bilateral adrenal myelolipomas due to longstanding treatment noncompliance. Case report A female patient with CAH was treated with glucocorticoids until the age of 29 years when they stopped with the intention of identifying as a male. The patient then presented with abdominal pain and distension. Computed tomography images of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a 31 × 35 × 31-cm abdominal mass, a 5.9× 2.4-cm right adrenal mass, and an 11.8 × 8.8-cm left adrenal mass. The patient underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral adrenalectomy. Pathology of the abdominal mass was consistent with uterine leiomyoma, and bilateral adrenal masses were consistent with adrenal myelolipomas. Discussion The goal of CAH therapy is to provide adequate replacement while reducing adrenocorticotropic hormone and adrenal androgens levels. Due to the conversion of androgens to estrogens, untreated females with CAH have elevated androgen and estrogen levels. High levels of these hormones can stimulate the growth of estrogen-dependent organs as exemplified by our patient. Chronic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation can not only cause adrenal hyperplasia but has also been associated with the development of adrenal myelolipomas. Conclusion This case demonstrates the significance of CAH treatment compliance as there are several serious sequela outside of the expected adrenal insufficiency and virilization. Even when the desired effect is virilization, other means of hormonal therapy should be considered.
Will immunotherapy lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of older adults with ALL

Abstract Historically, older adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have done poorly with chemotherapy-based treatment. Therefore, new innovative approaches are urgently needed to improve outcomes for this population. CD19-targeted immunotherapies such as blinatumomab and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy have produced remarkable responses in relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell ALL, including clearance of minimal residual disease (MRD). Available data support the efficacy and safety of blinatumomab in older adults with advanced B-cell ALL. Therefore, its application is being extended to frontline regimens for B-cell ALL, particularly in older adults. There are several studies actively examining the role of blinatumomab alone or in combination with attenuated dosing of conventional chemotherapy or novel agents in older adults with newly diagnosed ALL and early data are encouraging. While CD19-targeted CAR (CD19CAR) T cell therapy is active in children and young adults with r/r B-cell ALL, data supporting its efficacy and safety in older adults with ALL is scarce. Furthermore, the commercially FDA approved CD19CAR T cell therapy product for r/r ALL is restricted only to patients ≤25 years of age. Although there are concerns about older adults tolerating the expected toxicities associated with CAR T cell therapy, which may be life threatening, tailored approaches for prophylactic and pre-emptive interventions combined with utilization of safer CAR T cell platforms may improve tolerability and further extend the use of this promising treatment to older patients with ALL. In this review, we will discuss the progress in immunotherapies for older adults with B-cell ALL and their potential for transforming frontline therapy for newly diagnosed patients.