cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Definition and Formalization of Entity Resolution Functions for Everyday Information Integration

Data integration on a human-manageable scale, by users without database expertise, is a more common activity than integration of large databases. Users often gather fine-grained data and organize it in an entity-centric way, developing tables of information regarding real-world objects, ideas, or people. Often, they do this by copying and pasting bits of data from e-mails, databases, or text files into a spreadsheet. During this process, users evolve their notions of entities and attributes. They combine sets of entities or attributes, split them again, update attribute values, and retract those updates. These functions are neither well supported by current tools, nor formally well understood. Our research seeks to capture and make explicit the data integration decisions made during these activities. In this paper, we formally define entity resolution and de-resolution, and show that these functions behave predictably and intuitively in the presence of attribute value updates.
Animal mitochondrial DNA: structure and evolution.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes structural features and evolution of metazoan mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules. Throughout the evolution of metazoa, gene content of mitochondria-genomes is highly conserved, as has the close packing of genes. Most of the occasional sequence expansions that have occurred, by way of either repeated or noncoding unique sequences, are found in the control or putative control region, rather than being dispersed between genes. Of the 13 open reading frames recognized in the human mtDNA molecules, four (COI, COII, COIII, and Cyt b) are originally identified in regard to the proteins they encode, from similarities of their predicted amino acid sequences to known amino acid sequences of bovine proteins, and predicted amino acid sequences of yeast mt-protein genes. Among mtDNAs of vertebrates and higher invertebrates, there are genes that overlap. Some overlaps are among the 3′ ends of two genes that are encoded in opposite strands of the molecule. The extent of size reduction within metazoan mitochondrial-transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) gene sets strongly correlates with the degree to which the more variable secondary structure element-forming regions of mt-rRNA genes are lost.
Pre-Auction Inventory and Bidding BehaviorAn Analysis of Canadian Treasury Auctions

Many bidders enter the Government of Canada securities auctions with short or long pre-auction inventory. We find that bidding strategies and auction performance vary with pre-auction ownership structure. Short and long bidders bid higher average prices and demand larger quantities than do bidders with neutral pre-auction inventory. The effects of pre-auction ownership on bidder behavior vary with the auction cycle and with uncertainty. We argue that post-auction short squeeze does not explain the observed relation between securities prices and ownership structure.
Shape Optimization of Transfer Functions

We show how to optimize the shape of the transfer function of a linear time invariant (LTI) single-input-single-output (SISO) system. Since any transfer function is rational, this can be formulated as an optimization problem for the coefficients of polynomials. After characterizing the cone of polynomials which are nonnegative on intervals, we formulate this problem using semidefinite programming (SDP), which can be solved efficiently. This work extends prior results for discrete LTI SISO systems to continuous LTI SISO systems.
Contrasting effects of nifedipine and verapamil on myocardium and vascular smooth muscle at two levels of coronary occlusion in the dog

Abstract The calcium flux inhibitors nifedipine and verapamill have recently been used in the setting of both classical Heberden's and variant angina. It has also been suggested that these agents may preserve function and viability of threatened myocardium. The effects of these agents on the relationship between myocardial blood flow and contraction in the setting of partial coronary occlusion is unknown. Thus 39 open-chest dogs underwent partial coronary occlusion to diastolic perfusion pressures of 25 or 40 mm Hg. The dogs then received intracoronary infusions of 10 μg nifedipine or 100 μg verapamil. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer microspheres and myocardial shortening was assessed with ultrasonic crystals. At 25 mm Hg nifedipine improved myocardial shortening while blood flow did not change. In contrast, verapamil caused shortening to be abolished but also did not change blood flow. At 40 mm Hg nifedipine, while not affecting shortening, caused a “redistribution” of blood flow from endocardium; in contrast, verapamil again caused shortening to be abolished, but only increased epicardial blood flow leaving endocardial flow intact. Thus verapamil and nifedipine have differing effects. Nifedipine is a potent vasodilator at doses having no negative inotropic effects. In addition, nifedipine can cause a transmural “redistribution” of blood flow from endocardium to epicardium. In contrast, verapamil is also a potent vasodilator, but has profound negative inotropic effects.
Computer assisted learning

Abstract The UK's National Development Programme in Computer Assisted Learning (NDPCAL), designed to further the adoption of CAL ‘on a regular institutional basis at reasonable cost’, has been completed. Richard Hooper,1 Director of the Programme, presented its Final Report in 1977. The contents of the Report, as well as the goals of the programme, are discussed below.
Methodological issues in prevention research: An introduction to the special issue

In recent years increased attention has been directed to prevention research as a means of solving the multitude of complex social and health problems which confront individuals and their societies. Abuse of substances, behavioral dysfunctions, violence, emotional disorders, educational failures, unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are but a few examples of these most difficult problems. As our recognition of the need for sound prevention strategies has grown, so has our sophistication in designing prevention research studies to evaluate the effectiveness of these new strategies. And that sophistication has brought new challenges, some of which are capable of stifling progress because of their complexity. This problem is certain to grow in importance as interventions with multiple components are used more frequently to meet the challenges of the complex social and health problems we face. This special issue evolved out of the recognition that prevention researchers are confronted by a myriad of difficult methodological issues which have inhibited progress in this area. The articles in the issue present innovative methodological solutions designed to overcome these problems so the field can move forward.
Global atomic oxygen density derived from OGO-6 1304 Å airglow measurements

Results are presented for analysis of data on the atomic oxygen 1304-A triplet in the earth's dayglow between 400 and 1100 km which were obtained with the OGO-6 UV photometer during a 40-day period that included both quiet and disturbed conditions. Variations in the atomic oxygen column density are analyzed by obtaining best-fit models in which the 1304-A emission is produced by solar resonance scattering and photoelectron excitation. It is shown that the column density can be determined uniquely from the measured 1304-A intensity, provided the excitation processes can be described quantitatively. The values of the excitation parameters are determined directly from the data, and the deduced variations in column density over the daytime atmosphere are found to agree well with the Jacchia (1971) models. The latitudinal dependence of the column-density variations during a geomagnetic storm are discussed, the results are compared with recent measurements of the solar 1304-A fluxes as well as with calculations of the photoelectron excitation, and a method is suggested for determining the absolute atomic oxygen densities.
Human-generated pattern in commercial forests of southern Mississippi and consequences for the spread of pests and pathogens

Abstract Modern management practices have radically changed the spatial structure of pine forests in the southeastern United States. This study quantifies the modern distribution of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and slash pine (P. elliottii) forest at three sites in southern Mississippi, USA, by examination of aerial photographs. Distributions prior to European settlement were reconstructed from soil maps. Before European settlement, loblolly and slash pine were restricted to bottomlands along streams, separated from similar stands by 610–950 m of upland forest/savanna. Basal areas of Pinus species were probably
Genomic organization and chromosomal location of murine Cdc42

cdc42 is a member of the rho family of small GTPases, which are implicated as regulators of cellular morphology. To date, one murine and two human cdc42 isoforms have been identified. Here we report the cloning of a second murine isoform and provide evidence that the two isoforms arise from a single gene by alternative splicing. In contrast with the previously identified murine cdc42 sequence, which is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, the second isoform appears to be expressed exclusively in brain. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of a mouse backcross panel, the gene encoding cdc42 has been localized to distal chromosome 4.
A note on the exceptional graph of the cubic lattice graph characterization

Abstract Shrikhande and Moon have obtained a four property characterization of L 2 graphs, and Laskar and Aigner have obtained a five property characterization of cubic lattice graphs. Both characterizations are very similar and both fail for exactly one exceptional graph. The exceptional L 2 graph H is the complement of the graph obtained by superimposing onto the L 2 graph of order 4 the nonextendable latin square of order 4. We show that K 4 × H is the exceptional cubic lattice graph.
Mode coupling and resonance instabilities in quasi-two-dimensional dust clusters in complex plasmas

Small quasi-two-dimensional dust clusters consisting of three to eleven particles are formed in an argon plasma under varying rf power. Their normal modes are investigated through their mode spectra obtained from tracking the particles' thermal motion. Detailed coupling patterns between their horizontal and vertical modes are detected for particle numbers up to 7 and discrete instabilities are found for dust clusters with particle number $\ensuremath{\geqslant}9$, as predicted in previous theory on ion-flow induced mode coupling in small clusters. The instabilities are proven to be induced by resonance between coupled horizontal and vertical normal modes.
Phthalic ester, an artifactual contaminant in diazomethane prepared from N‐methyl‐N‐nitroso‐p‐toluenesulfonamide for the derivatization of prostaglandins

During analyses of prostaglandin (PG) methoxime methyl trimethylsilyl (MO-ME-TMS) ether derivatives by gas chromatography, we consistently observed a contaminant peak which we identified as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). The diazomethane prepared from N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (MNTSA) using the Diazald kit was the major source of DEHP. Several other materials also were significant sources. The concentrations of DEHP in these materials were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Doing justice: the role of ethics in integrated ecosystem management and the implementation of the integrated assessment and ecosystem management protocol

Successful integrated ecosystem management (IEM) depends critically on the identification and relative importance of societal goals for an ecosystem. These goals allow for the application of the recently developed Integrated Assessment and Ecosystem Management Protocol (IAEMP) in which coupled ecological-societal systems modelling (CESSM) can be used as part of a process to forecast and respond to potential impacts of alternate management scenarios. An option for integrating ethics into the protocol entails the identification of first order principles that could be integrated into the CESSM, but this reflects a deontological form of ethics that almost inescapably invites the question of the moral status of non-human nature. An alternative teleological form of ethics could be utilised where notions about well-being would guide the incorporation of specific aims (understood as first order factors) into CESSM. We offer instead a restorative justice framework that addresses potential societal conflicts as part of IEM but before CESSM is performed.
Needle biopsy of the human ventricular myocardium: review of 54 consecutive cases.

Abstract Needle biopsy of certain human organs has become an increasingly important procedure. Specimens of tissue so obtained give opportunity for an accurate morphologic study that is offered by no other means. In the diagnosis of lesions of the myocardium, such methods as electrocardiography, various radiologic procedures, heart catheterization, and bacteriologic or viral studies offer only indirect information from which certain presumptive conclusions can be drawn. Metabolic, inflammatory, fibrotic, and invasive processes of the myocardium can be studied by multiple needle biopsies of the heart. This report presents the findings for the first 54 consecutive patients in whom multiple myocardial biopsies (totaling 150) have been obtained.
Cumene hydroperoxide-mediated lipid peroxidation in rat alveolar macrophages following induction of phospholipidosis with chlorphentermine

Rats were treated for 4 weeks with chlorphentermine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/seek), a regimen which causes a profound phospholipidosis in the alveolar macrophages (AMs). The susceptibility of these lipid-laden cells to lipid peroxidation was examined and compared to AMs from control (untreated) rats. Lipid peroxidation was induced in cells in vitro by incubation with cumene hydroperoxide (10(-5) M--10(-3) M). A dose dependent increase in malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) formation was observed with both populations of AMs. Two to three times more MDA was found in lipidotic AMs than controls at the higher dose of cumene hydroperoxide. Under these conditions, less loss of cellular viability resulted with the lipidotic AMs than controls. The partial depletion of reduced glutathione in the cells led to an even greater MDA formation by both cell-types with the lipidotic AMs being more markedly affected. Both populations of AMs experienced a greater loss of viability associated with loss of reduced glutathione with the control AMs showing more toxicity than the lipidotic cells. Therefore, while the induction of phospholipidosis renders AMs more suspectible to lipid peroxidation, they show less of a loss in cellular viability than control cells. The previously reported augmentation in the antioxidant defense mechanisms in the lipidotic cells may be partially responsible for these results.
Mission design for the low-cost Mariner Mark II missions

Mariner Mark II is a program of missions, now under study at JPL, which will maximize scientific return at substantially reduced cost. There will be 3 to 5 missions in the program investigating comets, asteroids, the outer planets and their satellites, and Mars in the 1990s. Mission opportunities for these targets in this time period are described in terms of launch vehicle, propulsion, and flight time requirements, as well as other mission constraints such as margin and launch period objectives. Example encounter designs as well as mission launch scenarios are also described.
Incidence of systemic sclerosis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. A twenty-year study of hospital-diagnosed cases, 1963-1982.

Objective. To determine the incidence of hospital-diagnosed systemic sclerosis (SSc) among residents of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County, PA, from 1963 through 1982. Methods. Medical records from all Allegheny County hospitals were searched using International Classification of Diseases codes for patients diagnosed with SSc. Each case was reviewed and verified by a physician, according to specified criteria. Age-adjusted incidence rates were computed for race and sex, and results were expressed as new cases per million population per year, with the 1970 Allegheny County population serving as the standard. Results. Four hundred forty-four cases of SSc were identified during this 20-year survey, for a total annual incidence of 13.9 per million population. Overall, the incidence rate doubled during 1973–1982 compared with the first time interval of the study, with the greatest increase occurring in women. Among the younger population (ages 15–24), black women had the highest incidence of SSc (21.2 per million population). Overall, the female-to-male incidence ratio was 3:1, and was slightly higher (3.4:1) during the childbearing years (ages 15–44). Men under age 35 and children infrequently developed SSc. Conclusion. The incidence of SSc reported in this study increased with time. Although this trend was most likely due to improved detection and medical record techniques, the incidence rate stability in men compared with women suggests that there may have been a true increase in the incidence of SSc in this population, particularly in women.
A biographical perspective on chicano educational success

The lack of educational success among Latinos has been the focus of much research concerned with identifying factors contributing to school failure. However, some Latinos do achieve educational success and receive college degrees. Their lives can serve as case studies of minority educational success. This study used autobiographical and interview data to construct the life histories of two Chicanos in order to examine their interpretations of their educational experiences and the sociocultural factors which they identified as influencing those experiences. An additional purpose was to provide detailed biographical information which is currently not available on educationally successful Chicanos. A biographical perspective provides a counterbalance to perceptions of the role of sociocultural factors such as ethnicity in the education of minorities which view them as static or unproblematic. When examined within the contexts of lives that undergo transitions across biographical time, the influence of sociocultural factors such as ethnicity is shown to vary and to require an examination of their impact that shifts across educational careers.
Angular-Momentum Distributions of Residual Nuclei in Compound-Nuclear Reactions

A classical vector model is used to determine the changes which occur in the distribution functions for the angular momentum of nuclei when particles and photons are evaporated from these nuclei. Closed-form expressions are derived for angular-momentum distributions after a sequence of evaporations. It is found that at higher excitations one must expect the average angular momentum of a nucleus to decrease by a relatively small amount per evaporation. The mean-square angular momentum will increase or decrease depending on the ratio of the nuclear angular momentum to the equipartition value appropriate to the nuclear excitation. General expressions are given for the angular distributions of the evaporations. Some of the difficulties of applying statistical models to emissions at low excitation energies are briefly discussed.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Regulates Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling in Polymicrobial Sepsis

The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is an important regulator of lipid metabolism. In contrast to its known effects on energy homeostasis, its biological role on inflammation is not well understood. We investigated the role of PPARδ in the modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-driven inflammatory response to polymicrobial sepsis in vivo and in macrophages in vitro. We demonstrated that administration of GW0742, a specific PPARδ ligand, provided beneficial effects to rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, as shown by reduced systemic release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration in lung, liver, and cecum, when compared with vehicle treatment. Molecular analysis revealed that treatment with GW0742 reduced NF-κB binding to DNA in lung and liver. In parallel experiments, heterozygous PPARδ-deficient mice suffered exaggerated lethality when subjected to cecal ligation and puncture and exhibited severe lung injury and higher levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine than wild-type mice. Furthermore, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774.A1 macrophages, GW0742 reduced TNFα production by inhibiting NF-κB activation. RNA silencing of PPARδ abrogated the inhibitory effects of GW0742 on TNFα production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PPARδ displaced the NF-κB p65 subunit from the κB elements of the TNFα promoter, while recruiting the co-repressor BCL6. These data suggest that PPARδ is a crucial anti-inflammatory regulator, providing a basis for novel sepsis therapies.
Prefrontal and Occipital Asymmetry and Volume in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (P03.129)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine prefrontal and occipital asymmetry (brain torque) in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing controls. A secondary aim was to examine age-related changes in gray and white matter volumes. Background ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, involving deficits in social functions and language and communication, accompanied by repetitive behaviors or restricted or unusual interests. Typical brain torque (R>L prefrontal, L>R occipital) has been shown to develop in utero and is thought to be related to functional laterality. Previous studies in ASD have demonstrated differences in cerebral asymmetry and early cortical development. Design/Methods: This study included 24 right-handed boys with ASD and 27 typically developing right-handed boys, 7-15 years old. Prefrontal and occipital volumes were measured on individual MRIs. Asymmetry quotients were calculated and volumes were examined proportional to total hemisphere volume. Correlations between age and gray and white matter volumes were examined in each group. Results: Most individuals had the expected rightward prefrontal and leftward occipital asymmetry, with no group differences in the number of individuals with these asymmetries or in the degree of asymmetry. We found a trend for larger prefrontal (gray+white) volume in the ASD group relative to controls (p=.053). Increasing age was associated with increases in total white matter (left r=.467, p=.014; right r=.410, p=.033) and left prefrontal white matter volume (r=.414, p=.032) in the typically developing, but not ASD group (p>.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that differences in brain torque may not underlie reported reduced functional lateralization in ASD, but studies directly examining this relationship need to be completed. Our results also provide further support for aberrant cortical development in ASD, likely occurring after birth and continuing into adolescence, with prefrontal regions being disproportionally affected. Supported by: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders U19 DC 03610 (HTF). Disclosure: Dr. Knaus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tager-Flusberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mock has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dauterive has nothing to disclose. Dr. Foundas has nothing to disclose.
Magnetic resonance imaging of post-surgical pseudomeningocele

Three cases of post-surgical pseudomeningocele (PSPM) are presented. MR imaging proved useful in diagnosing PSPM because, in the orthogonal planes, it demonstrated precisely the leakage site and the extent of the PSPM. MR imaging was also useful in demonstrating the presence of communication between the PSPM and the subarachnoid space.
New Helical Foldamers: Heterogeneous Backbones with 1:2 and 2:1 α:β-Amino Acid Residue Patterns

Foldamers, oligomers with strong folding propensities, are subjects of growing interest because such compounds offer unique scaffolds for the development of molecular function. We report two new foldamer classes, oligopeptides with regular 1:2 or 2:1 patterns of α- and β-amino acid residues. Two distinct helical conformations are detected via 2D NMR in methanol for each backbone. One of the helices for each backbone is characterized via X-ray crystallography.
The observation of unipolar arc damage on stainless steel and TiC coatings on stainless steel

Abstract Unipolar arcing represents a plasma-surface interaction process leading to surface damage and metal impurity influx in tokamaks. It develops if the sheath potential formed in the plasma-surface contact is high enough to ignite and sustain a micro-arc. A laser-produced plasma was used for a comparison of the arc damage produced on stainless steel surfaces with that on surfaces protected with a coating of TiC a few microns thick. Smooth coatings of superior-quality TiC were produced by the activated reactive evaporation process, which is a plasma-assisted physical vapor deposition process. For a sufficiently high electron temperature in the laser-produced plasma a large number (about 300 000 cm −2 ) of unipolar arc craters were observed on the stainless steel surface which had been exposed to the expanding laser-produced plasma cloud for a few hundred nanoseconds. In comparison, no similar arc craters were detected on the surfaces protected by the TiC coating which showed minimum damage limited to the laser beam impact area.
Seed germination for an annual form of Zostera marina from the sea of Cortez, Mexico

Seed of Zostera marina L. collected at Punta Chueca, Sonora, that was germinated in artificial seawater under growth chamber conditions was less affected by salinity than by temperature. Mean germination was higher for seed collected on reproductive shoots in situ (43%) than for seed collected in fresh beach debris (17%), but no germination was recorded for seed collected in dried beach debris. Mean germination for seed kept at either 15 or 35‰ salinity was approximately equal. Earliest germination was recorded in late April 1980, two weeks after collection, and germination continued through March 1981 at 18–20°C, conditions which are comparable to winter water temperatures in Canal del Infiernillo. Germination was inhibited at 28–32°C, temperatures that are near summer water conditions. The germination responses reflect the adaptive strategies of an annual population to habitat conditions near the southern limit of the species.
Improving the analytical figures of merit of SERS for the analysis of model environmental pollutants

The presence of naphthalene, phenol and benzoic acid derivatives in natural waters constitutes a public health issue. The toxicity and chemical activity of these chemicals and their persistence in the environment depend on the types of functional groups attached to their basic aromatic structure. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has shown promise for the analysis of aromatic compounds owing to a tremendous enhancement of the analytical response and also a large amount of available structural information. Despite these advantages, SERS has not been established as a routine analytical tool owing to limitations in the analytical figures of merit such as reproducibility and linear dynamic range. This paper reports the use of silver–polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites in combination with a sample translation technique for the improved qualitative and quantitative analysis of model environmental pollutants in water. This novel approach considerably improves the reproducibility and the sensitivity of the technique by minimizing the thermal and photolytic effects inherent in SERS. The results show a linear dynamic range of at least two orders of magnitude with detection limits as low as 2.9 × 10−8M and a precision of <10% relative standard deviation. The influences of different experimental variables such as irradiation time, translation rate and pH and the potential use of the technique for the analysis of environmental pollutants are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-spot paper chromatograms of sodium orthophosphate.

Abstract The formation of two zones on paper chromatograms was investigated by chromatographing orthophosphoric acid and the primary, secondary and tertiary sodium salts, using pyridine-ethyl acetate/water as mobile phase. Movement of the species from the origin depends on washing the paper with acid and suggests an exchange of protons for sodium as a prerequisite condition. Washing with EDTA does not alter this requirement. Zone movement and multi-spot formation require that the forming solvent contain at least 5% of water ( v v ). Between this value and saturation, increasing water content enhances zone disengagement. A solute spot of a sodium salt exchanges with the protons to produce a fast-migrating protonated phosphate species. If the solute sample has a sodium content less than the amount of exchangeable protons, a single fast spot is produced ; if the concentration exceeds this capacity, a second slower spot results.
Keratin 19 demonstration of canal of Hering loss in primary biliary cirrhosis: "minimal change PBC"?

Liver biopsy is important for diagnosing primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Prior investigations suggest that immunostaining for biliary keratin 19 (K19) may show the earliest changes suspicious for PBC, namely, loss of the canals of Hering (CoH). We aimed to study the clinical outcomes of patients whose biopsy specimens appeared histologically near normal or with minimal inflammatory changes, but in which K19 staining revealed widespread periportal CoH loss, a finding we termed “minimal change PBC.” Ten patients were identified prospectively as having nearly normal or mildly inflamed biopsy specimens without diagnostic or suggestive histologic features of PBC, but with near complete CoH loss; six had available follow-up clinical data, one had follow-up biopsy. Controls for clinical and/or K19 analysis included six normal livers and biopsy specimens from 10 patients with confirmed early PBC, 10 with early stage chronic hepatitis C (CHC), and nine with resolving, self-limited hepatitis (RSLH). Staining for K19 in normal controls, livers with “minimal change” PBC, CHC, and RSLH showed 9.2 ± 6.0, 0.44 ± 0.37 (P < 0.0001), 5.7 ± 4.6 (n.s.), 4.1 ± 2.1 (P < 0.02) CoH per portal tract, respectively. Patients with available clinical follow up, compared to patients with diagnostic early-stage PBC biopsies, showed identical treatment responses to ursodeoxycholic acid, similar rates and types of nonhepatic autoimmune diseases, and/or subsequent development of autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome. Conclusion: We suggest that CoH loss demonstrated by K19 immunostaining is an early feature in PBC. Clinical findings in the years following biopsy, including response to ursodeoxycholic acid, show identical changes to patients with biopsy confirmed PBC. We suggest that this “minimal change” feature may support a clinical diagnosis of PBC even in the absence of characteristic, granulomatous, duct destructive lesions. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing: The development and validation of a measurement model

Abstract The concept of Environmentally Responsible Manufacturing (ERM) is relatively new and it is not surprising to note the lack of theory-based, empirically validated constructs and measures. Such constructs and measures are critical to the development and growth of rigorous research in this area. This paper develops and assesses such constructs and measures. Drawn from an exhaustive review of both the quality and ERM-related fields, this study uses the constructs and measures drawn from the Total Quality Management area to develop ERM-related constructs and measures. These are then evaluated using data from a survey of 526 plant managers in the US automotive industry. The resulting models, constructs, and measures are then studied using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results show the presence of an ERM framework and the presence of the underlying latent and manifest variables. The findings provide an important foundation to others interested in doing future research in this area.
Feature Recognition for Injection-Molded and Die-Cast Parts

In this article, a framework to perform the computer-aided Design for Manufacturability analysis of injection-molded and die-cast parts is presented. The framework includes an implemented algorithm to solve key outstanding challenges in feature recognition for manufacturability analysis. The proposed feature recognition algorithms operate on a 3D binary array obtained from the solid model of the part. Solutions to the feature recognition problems of finding the best direction of mold closure, finding the mold parting line of the part and determining planarity of the parting surface is presented in this article. The feature recognition algorithms presented here are validated through application to several test parts. The algorithms proposed here recognize the direction of mold closure, the primary mold parting surface, undercuts, holes, and bosses present on the part. In addition, an estimated part mold cost is calculated by the algorithm.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Occupational Noise Exposure in the Printing Industry

The noise exposures of 274 printing production workers in 34 establishments in the New York city area were monitored. Results showed that 43% were exposed to 8-hr time-weighted average (TWA) noise exposures of 85 dBA or greater and that 14% were exposed to 8-hr TWAs of 90 dBA or greater. Within the press department, web press workers were exposed to significantly greater mean 8-hr TWAs than sheetfed press workers. In general, a greater percentage of the workers in the bindery departments were exposed to potentially harmful noise than workers in the press departments. Results of this study indicate that many workers in the printing industry may be at risk of occupational hearing loss. Further research is needed to determine the extent of hearing impairment in this group of workers.
On the role of chemical systems in the microphysical aspects of primary genetic mechanisms

It is pointed out that two fundamentally different views of primary genetic processes occur in the literature which are frequently confused. The first is a true communication-theoretic view, which regards the genetic apparatus as containing a real information-source and a transducer which converts that information to useful form. The second view is generally expressed as a template scheme based on the Watson-Crick model; it is shown that in this model there is actually no such thing as genetic information in a communication-theoretic sense. Both views are then discussed on the basis of microphysical principles developed in previous work of the author (Bull. Math. Biophysics,22, 227–255, 1960) in an attempt to find which approach is in closer accord with the biological facts. It is shown that, if the communication-theoretic view is correct, then the information-bearing object must act as a “catalyst,” but it is pointed out that the type of catalysis involved must be of a fundamentally different nature than that occurring in familiar enzyme-catalyzed reactions. On the basis of general considerations of irreversible changes in microphysical measuring systems, it is shown that any type of template must suffer a gradual and irreversible denaturation, which seems to make it unlikely that a template could play a primary role in fundamental genetic processes.
Delayed staged closure with repeated directional suturing of cutaneous defects.

Background. Postsurgical wound management is traditionally a choice between intraoperative surgical repair or healing by secondary intention. We describe a technique that combines intraoperative and postoperative surgical repair with granulation. Objective. Delayed closure with repeated directional suturing was evaluated as an alternative closure technique for large wounds. Methods. Sixty patients had surgical defects partially closed intraoperatively with postoperative staged closures over 2 to 4 weeks. Only those wounds that could not be closed intraoperatively without vascular compromise or anatomic disfigurement were treated. Results. All wounds were closed using skin from the same anatomic unit. Complications were minimal, and the results were acceptable to both the patients and the surgeon. Conclusion. Delayed closure with repeated directional suturing is a reasonable alternative when primary closure is not possible or when it would cause anatomic disfigurement.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN MANAGERIAL VALUES

Possible gender differences in the personal values of business students (100 men, 49 women) and corporate recruiters (72 men, 30 women) were investigated using England's (1967) Personal Values Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated significant gender differences for the value items associated with business goals, groups of people, general topics, and personal characteristics. It is suggested that many of these differences may be associated with occupational position. Managerial implications, as well as areas for future research, are discussed.
Clonal restriction of the immune response to phosphorylcholine.

THE antibody response to most antigens is chemically heterogeneous, reflecting clonal heterogeneity of the responding cells. This heterogeneity may arise in part from the number of different epitopes present in the structure of complex antigens, although the antibody response even to chemically simple haptens (which may contain more than one epitope) is often very heterogeneous. For example, the dinitrophenyl hapten on a protein carrier elicits many different anti-hapten antibodies which are distinguished by isoelectric focusing1. Also, individual mice respond to the p-azobenzoate and to the p-azophenylarsonate haptens by producing a population of serum antibodies with many idiotypic specificities2. Certain carbohydrate antigens, however, seem to induce relatively homogeneous antibody responses3,4. One of these antigens, the C-polysaccharide from the rough strain of pneumococcus R36A, induces a restricted antibody response directed against phosphorylcholine5, a structural component of the C-polysaccharide6.
‘Beaming it live’: 24-hour television news, the spectator and the spectacle of the 2002 Gujarat carnage

Recently, following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Bombay, the electronic media itself became the story. While many commended the extensive 60 hour coverage of the attacks, a debate soon began around the relentless live coverage, and its effect on the security operations and the government actions. Most importantly there emerged larger questions about the changing ethics and aesthetics of the electronic media in India. My essay proposes to understand this marked shift in the concerns, politics, and modes of representation by the media by looking at the electronic media representation of the Gujarat pogrom of 2002, the first major Indian riots of the 24-hour television age. I argue that it is with the extensive coverage of Gujarat conflagration, the 24-hour news phenomenon forever changed the representation of ‘crisis’ and its affect within the public sphere.
1780 HUMAN SURFACTANT ASSOCIATED APOLIPOPROTEIN A: MOLECULAR COMPOSITION AND PRIMARY TRANSLATION PRODUCTS

1780 HUMAN SURFACTANT ASSOCIATED APOLIPOPROTEIN A: MOLECULAR COMPOSITION AND PRIMARY TRANSLATION PRODUCTS
Identity in life narratives

In the spirit of Jerome Bruner’s call for the study of individuals’ appropriation of cultural meanings, this paper outlines a “generative” theory of identity based on study-of-lives interviews conducted with young adult Americans and Moroccans. This theory holds that multiple self-representations tend to be integrated by structurally-ambiguous key symbols and metaphors whose meanings can change via figure-ground like shifts in the salience of their features — and that identity-formation employs some of the same cognitive structures as tonal music to organize personal meanings. This “generative” theory of multiple identities complements McAdams’ story structure model and Hermans’ dialogical model.
Algebraic and calculus query languages for recursively typed complex objects

Abstract Algebraic and calculus database query languages for recursively typed complex objects based on the set and tuple constructs are studied. A fundamental characteristic of such complex objects is that, in them, sets may contain members with arbitrarily deep nesting of tuple and/or set constructs. Relative to mappings from flat relations to flat relations, the algebra without while has the expressive power of the algebra on conventional complex objects with non-recursive types. The algebra plus while has the power of the computable queries. The calculus has power equivalent to the arithmetical hierarchy and also to the calculus with countable invention for conventional complex objects. A technical tool, called “domain Turing machine,” is introduced and applied to characterize the expressive power of several classes of relational queries.
Cyclooxygenase-2: the future is now.

A new generation of NSAIDs selectively and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-2—an enzyme that regulates several cellular processes involved in colon cancer development including angiogenesis.
The Effect of Pulmonary Impairment on All-Cause Mortality in a National Cohort

The association between pulmonary impairment and all-cause mortality was investigated among white subjects in a follow-up study of a large national cohort. Pulmonary function was measured during the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI) (1971 to 1975); subsequent mortality information was obtained from the 1987 NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982 to 1987). Of 4,764 white sample persons, ages 25 to 74 years examined during NHANES I, 658 (13.8 percent) were identified as having pulmonary impairment defined as a FEV 1 /FVC ≤69 percent. A total of 743 (15.6 percent) sample persons died during the follow-up period. The association between pulmonary impairment and all-cause mortality was examined for male and female subjects separately using the Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, smoking, educational level, body mass index, and respiratory diseases. The analysis suggests that reduced FEV 1 percent predicted was a significant risk factor for mortality among both sexes, and the FEV 1 /FVC ratio was significantly associated with all-cause mortality among male subjects only.
Service quality perceptions and patient satisfaction: a study of hospitals in a developing country

Patients'perceptions about health services seem to have been largely ignored by health care providers in developing countries. That such perceptions, especially about service quality, might shape confidence and subsequent behaviors with regard to choice and usage of the available health care facilities is reflected in the fact that many patients avoid the system or avail it only as a measure of last resort. Those who can afford it seek help in other countries, while preventive care or early detection simply falls by the wayside. Patients'voice must begin to play a greater role in the design of health care service delivery processes in the developing countries. This study is, therefore, patient-centered and identifies the service quality factors that are important to patients; it also examines their links to patient satisfaction in the context of Bangladesh. A field survey was conducted. Evaluations were obtained from patients on several dimensions of perceived service quality including responsiveness, assurance, communication, discipline, and baksheesh. Using factor analysis and multiple regression, significant associations were found between the five dimensions and patient satisfaction. Implications and future research issues are discussed.
SEASONAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS IN NATURAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND EMISSIONS

Atmospheric concentrations of ozone and other air pollutants, in some regions, are sensitive to surface fluxes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Plant foliage is the source of at least half of all VOC emissions in the United States and more than two-thirds of global VOC emissions. Observed spatial and seasonal variations in foliar VOC emissions range over several orders of magnitude. Land characteristics data are an important component of the modeling techniques used to estimate VOC emission rate variations due to seasonal and spatial changes in species composition, foliar density, and other factors. Model techniques and land characteristics databases are compared and evaluated in this paper. Significant differences in VOC fluxes are predicted depending on spatial resolution, procedures used to develop land characteristics databases, and foliar density models. Satellite and ground observations can be combined to generate the accurate estimates of the species composition and foliar density required for natural VOC emission models.
Aging-induced metal redistribution in bimetallic catalysts

Alloy particles were detected by XRD in bimetallic catalysts, made from physical mixtures of powders comprising distinct metal-support combinations (e.g., Pd on alumina and Rh on ceria-zirconia), following high-temperature redox aging. The morphology of the catalysts was examined by TEM, and the compositional structure of some of the alloy particles was determined. Two different effects of the redistribution of metals on oxygen-storage capacity were identified, one due to Pd enrichment of the surface of Pd-Rh alloy particles and the other due to loss of contact between metal and ceria-zirconia.
The Emergence of the Black Economic Research Center and The Review of Black Political Economy: 1969–1972

This essay discusses the legacy of Robert Browne in the founding of the Black Economic Research Center (BERC), The Review of Black Political Economy, and the Caucus of Black Economists and its evolvement into the National Economic Association. The launching of BERC occurred within a period of far-reaching social change and the Vietnam War era. During this time, Robert Browne also was a national leader of the Vietnam anti-war movement and one of the first public intellectuals to establish a link between the civil rights movement and the peace movement. An argument is developed that this background provided as much impetus to Robert Browne for the creation of BERC and The Review as did the black nationalist programs and conferences of that era. During his eleven year tenure as Director at BERC, he pioneered ground-breaking research on the status of black-owned land in the south; consulted with community development corporations, black-owned businesses and banks; and prompted innovations in modern black philanthropy through the establishment of the Twenty-First Century Foundation. The origin and justification for The Review of Black Political Economy and the early activities and meetings of the Caucus and NEA are emphasized. In addition, an effort is made to include an enumeration of the earliest contributors to BERC, the NEA, and The Review — many of whom have not been mentioned in previous retrospectives.
Brief paper: Leader localization in multi-agent systems subject to failure: A graph-theoretic approach

In this paper, structural controllability of a leader-follower multi-agent system with multiple leaders is studied. A graphical condition for structural controllability based on the information flow graph of the system is provided. The notions of p-link and q-agent controllability in a multi-leader setting are then introduced, which provide quantitative measures for the controllability of a system subject to failure in the agents and communication links. The problem of leader localization is introduced, which is concerned with finding the minimum number of agents whose selection as leaders results in a p-link or q-agent controllable network. Polynomial-time algorithms are subsequently presented to solve the problem for both cases of undirected and directed information flow graphs.