cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound imaging made easy

Medical ultrasound systems have traditionally been designed for specialized clinical applications and environments in which the need for increased image resolution and multipurpose functionality has driven device development towards the high end of technological capability and cost. Trained
John Calvin on Marriage and Family

This chapter explains how the sixteenth-century Protestant reformer, John Calvin, transformed the Western theology and law of sex, marriage, and family life. Understanding marriage as a divine covenant with distinct and discernible goods and goals, Calvin gave new grounds to old rules prohibiting illicit sexual unions, polygamy, adultery, prostitution, concubinage, pre-marital sex, and non-marital cohabitation. But Calvin also set out new teachings on the proper treatment of religious differences between spouses, sexual dysfunction, post-menopausal sex, and the right to separate and divorce for adultery or abandonment. These new grounds for old teachings and new teachings from old grounds were applied not only in formal theological tracts but also in the many statutes and cases that Calvin shaped for sixteenth-century Geneva. This chapter, introducing a three-volume series on sex, marriage and family life in early modern Geneva, reveals the debt Western theology, jurisprudence, and political theory owes to Calvin.
Mothers’ Pensions in Alabama: An Analysis of State Child Welfare Administration

Mothers’ Pensions programs swept the nation during the Progressive era, part of a widespread state-based policy movement targeting the needs of children. This paper examines and describes the social and political forces that both impeded and facilitated the enactment of mothers’ pensions in Alabama. It also explains why significant support for mothers’ pensions did not emerge until a decade after the state had already taken steps to address most of the other major child welfare issues of the time. Issues of race and gender are addressed as operative factors.
A Judicial Clerkship Twenty-Four Years after Graduation: Or, How I Spent My Sabbatical Last Spring

The career path of many law professors includes a judicial clerkship - typically, right after graduation. Almost all law professors have extolled the clerkship experience and have written letters of recommendation for students applying for those positions. While I fall into the latter category, I did not fall into the former - at least not until my recent sabbatical. When I was a law student, I gave no thought to a clerkship, and none of my teachers encouraged me to pursue that route. (In fact, graduating in 1969 at the height of the Vietnam War, I thought mainly - like most of my classmates - about avoiding the draft.) Instead I immediately went to work in the litigation department of a large New York law firm. Since I teach civil procedure, that experience proved valuable, but over the years I came increasingly to regret that I had never pursued a judicial clerkship. And, until about a year ago, I assumed that opportunity would not come again. Although I had taught law at Notre Dame for nearly twenty years, I had never taken a sabbatical-for a variety of reasons. Then it occurred to me that it just might be possible to spend a semester, relieved of teaching responsibilities, working for a federal judge. But how to do it? Fortunately, there were two persons on the federal bench, both with chambers here in South Bend, whom I knew personally and respected professionally. I hoped one or both might be receptive.
Q Pool Interactions in the Reaction Center-Cytochrome Bc1Complex Hybrid Proteoliposome System

To explore the dynamics of quinone pool interaction under controlled conditions , a hybrid protein system of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) and mitochondrial bc 1 complex has been reconstituted into synthetic lipid membranes with the native ubiquinone (UQ) and with exotic quinones. Flash excitation of the system then initiates a single turnover reaction sequence in which the kinetics of individual elementary electron transfer reactions can be monitored.
Same as it (N)Ever Was — Jicarilla Apache Nation and the Fiduciary Trust Relationship

Prior to the Supreme Court hearing oral arguments in United States v. Jicarilla Apache Nation, the Federal Bar Association’s Indian Law Section took the unusual step of submitting an amicus brief on behalf of the tribal respondent. The action indicated recognition amongst tribal advocates that the disposition of the case might have profound ramifications for Indian country. Underlying the specific issue — whether the application of the fiduciary exception was proper in the context of the federal-Indian trust relationship — was the possibility for a broader referendum on the status of the fiduciary responsibilities of the government in managing Indian trust assets. When the Court issued its opinion, parties advocating for a robust affirmation of the government’s trust responsibilities to the Indian tribes were undoubtedly disappointed. Instead, the Court further limited the ability of tribes to establish federal fiduciary obligations to the Indian peoples.
The National Network of Libraries of Medicine and consumer health outreach: 1998 to the present

Abstract This article includes a brief history of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) involvement in providing consumer health information. It also describes current efforts to reach health consumers through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) and selected intermediaries, in particular public libraries. Training curriculum and a Web resource have been developed to support outreach to public libraries as agents of health information for the general public. Public libraries are encouraged to partner with community health agencies to provide health information in their local areas. Early results of outreach efforts are discussed.
Physician Payment after the SGR — The New Meritocracy

With the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, Medicare shifts from payment based on macroeconomic indicators to relying on physician- or group-level indicators of cost and quality--and could create a large fee differential between high- and low-performing physicians.
Study on the Consumption Trend of Peanut in China

This paper studys the consumption proportion of peanut for food purpose and for crushing purpose in China.The result is that the peanut consumption in China for food purpose will continue to increase,which is consistent with the world,along with the development of China's economy and society.According to the data of the survey,this paper further studies the way to increase the peanut consumption.At last,we put forward some useful proposals to China's peanut industry.
Comparison of Thin-Layer Chromatography and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection and Quantification of Deoxynivalenol in Corn and Wheat†

The trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), is a common mycotoxin found in wheat and corn. Detection methods for DON have limitations in accuracy, sensitivity, ease of use, and turn-around time. Two methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for DON detection and quantification were compared. The methods varied considerably in the amounts of DON detected in 51 different grain samples, with the ELISA method showing higher concentrations than the TLC method. Much of the unaccounted-for DON may have been lost during sample preparation for the TLC method. Recovery rates for the TLC method at DON levels of 1 and 5 ppm were 46% and 25% in corn grits and 32% and 26% in ground wheat respectively. Recovery rates for the ELISA method at 1 and 5 ppm levels were both 96% in corn grits and respectively 83% and 69% in ground wheat. The ELISA method was much faster and less laborious than the TLC method and did not use organic solvents, which are required in the TLC method.
Conditions Leading to the Adoption of Exchange Control

The technique of regulating foreign commercial transactions which was used by the German government during the 1930’s was probably as precise as is possible when working with economic variables. The art of exchange control reached its fullest development and finest expression at the hands of the Nazi monetary authorities. However, the fundamental exchange control system, upon which the Nazi technique was based, antedated the Nazi Government. Exchange control in Germany was adopted on July 15, 1931. Its purpose was to check a capital flight.
A Toxicological Assessment of Sulfur as a Pesticide

Publisher Summary Sulfur is generally applied to crops as a dust to combat fungal disease, at rates of approximately 10–30 lbs per application per acre, as well as being used for postharvest disease control. The range of fungal diseases controlled by sulfur includes brown rot, scab, mildew, powdery mildew, leafspot, and rusts. It is also used, to a lesser extent, for the control of mites and insects, which may be secondary to fungal damage of the plant. This chapter presents a toxicological assessment of sulfur as a pesticide. Agricultural practice may introduce elevated sulfur levels into arable land inadvertently by, for example, the use of animal-derived manure or other fertilizers as well as from the use of pesticides. The supplementation of fertilizers with sulfur has been used intentionally to acidify soils that are too alkaline for a particular crop. Conversely, the use of sulfur as a fungicide can make the soil too acidic for the continued optimal growth of a particular crop. It is a colorless gas with high water solubility. The major health concern of sulfur for ruminants is the association between excessive sulfur ingestion and polioencephalomalacia (PEM), also known as cerebrocortical necrosis. Clinical signs can occur from a few hours to several weeks after exposure to excessive sulfur. Signs usually include, initially, mild excitation and restlessness accompanied by loss of appetite. Affected animals avoid light and signs may progress to headpressing, rigidity, blindness, violent convulsions, coma, and death. It also inhibits respiration by blocking the carotid body and by combining with hemoglobin to produce sulfhemoglobin, thus reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. High concentrations of sulfur may lead to secondary thiamine deficits. Sulfur continues to be a heavily used fungicide in many parts of agriculture. Its most notable chemical property is its tendency to spontaneously oxidize. This property is responsible for sulfur's effects on the eye, skin, and respiratory tract.
‘All the Frame’s a Stage’: (Anti-)theatricality and cinematic modernism

The history of cinema is often treated as the history of its emancipation from theatrical models . . . Movies are regarded as advancing from theatrical stasis to cinematic fluidity, from theatrical artificiality to cinematic naturalness and immediateness. But this view is far too simple.
The influence of light habitat on the physiology, biomass allocation, and fecundity of the invasive shrub Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii, Caprifoliaceae)1

Abstract Many exotic invasive plants exhibit plasticity in form and function across a range of environmental conditions, optimizing available resources in a manner that frequently outcompetes native organisms. The invasive shrub Lonicera maackii is one of the most prominent invasive plant species in the Midwestern United States. The objectives of this research were to investigate the morphological and physiological plasticity of this invasive shrub across light environments, and to study allometric parameters that will help estimate the aboveground biomass of L. maackii of all size classes. Shrubs were selected from open, forest edge, and understory habitats. Photosynthetic responses to light and leaf nitrogen content were measured throughout the growing season in 2003 and shrubs were harvested in October 2003. The maximum photosynthetic assimilation rates for open grown shrubs were more than double the values measured in the edge and understory. Maximum photosynthesis rates were strongly correlated with ...
Circadian Plasticity of Chromatin States

Abstract It is now unequivocal that one of the major molecular functions of the circadian clock is to control the timing of chromatin states at clock genes and clock controlled genes ( ccg ). Recent studies indicate that chromatin regulation is a necessary component of clock-mediated transcriptional oscillations and negative feedback inhibition. Biochemical and molecular genetic approaches in Neurospora, Drosophila, and mammals have revealed a growing list of conserved chromatin-remodeling and chromatin-modifying enzymes that are needed for both the transcriptional activation phase and the inhibition phase. Many of these conserved chromatin factors directly interact with core clock components indicating these are more than just coincident factors. Genome-wide approaches have revealed global rhythms in transcription factor binding, nucleosome density, histone modifications and changes to inter- and intrachromosomal contacts revealing a dynamic genome under circadian control. An emerging theme is that natural antisense transcripts originating from clock genes contribute to rhythmic changes in circadian gene expression, which is controlled in part by regulated transitions between euchromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Moreover, the circadian control of metabolic processes creates rhythms in small metabolites like NAD+ and SAM that serve as cofactors and donors for chromatin-modifying enzymes regulating circadian gene expression. Collectively, research over the past decade has unveiled an exquisitely dynamic genome that is appropriately phased to anticipate oscillating environmental conditions.
Effect of topology on hybrid-linked jet impingement

Abstract Present paper considers hybrid-linked jet impingement which involves both parallel linked jets and serial linked jets. Eight configurations with different topologies were tested under five mass flow rates ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 kg/m 2 s. The equivalent Reynolds numbers range from 12,000 to 24,000 for serial linked jets. Both heat transfer data and pressure drop data were obtained from the steady state experiments. Due to the parallel linkage, the heat transfer for the parallel jets decreases with increasing total number of parallel jets, while the heat transfer for the serial jets stay constant regardless of the change in topology. Although the serial jets are inclined, the heat transfer level of serial jets are typically higher than parallel jets due to the concentration of mass flow rate. Case 1 with purely serial linked jets shows a heat transfer enhancement by 100–150% as compared to the traditional design Case 8. However, the pressure drop of such configuration is around 20 times higher than that of the traditional designs. Analytical modelling work shows that the overall averaged heat transfer is a weighted average of [( m / A )/ n ] 0.4 and ( m / A ) 0.4 , which represents the heat transfer induced by parallel jets and serial jets respectively.
The possible role of propofol in drug-induced torsades de pointes: A real-world single-center analysis

Abstract Background Torsades de pointes (TdP) is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with QT prolongation. Propofol is a sedative-anesthetic with proarrhythmic effects on cardiac myocytes. We performed a retrospective study to determine the incidence of TdP following propofol exposure at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) from 08/11/1998–11/20/2015. Methods We queried our database using key search terms to identify patients exposed to propofol who developed TdP perioperatively or during non-surgical sedation. QT intervals were obtained from electrocardiograms (ECGs) performed before propofol exposure and after documented TdP and were corrected using Fridericia and Framingham methods. T wave peak-to-end (Tp-e)/QT ratios were also calculated. Results A total of 628,784 patients received propofol over 17.3years. Of these patients, 21 developed TdP (12, postoperatively; 3, intraoperatively; 6, during sedation). There were 17 patients who were exposed to at least one factor associated with QT-prolongation, including QT-prolonging medications in 8 patients, heart rate 500ms using Fridericia correction was significantly higher from baseline following exposure to propofol (1 patient vs 6 patients, P =0.04); however no significant difference was observed with Framingham correction. Conclusion In our study, TdP after propofol administration occurred with an annual incidence of 1.93 per million and was often associated with other risk factors. Nevertheless, propofol should be administered with caution in patients at risk of developing TdP.
Gender Differences in Publication Productivity Among Academic Urologists in the United States

Objective To describe the publication productivity of academic urologists in the United States by gender. Materials and Methods Gender inequality is prevalent in most surgical subspecialties, including urology. Despite small numbers of women in academic positions, differences in scholarly impact by gender are relatively unknown. We assembled a list of 1922 academic urologists (1686 men (87.7%), 236 women (12.3%)) at 124 academic institutions throughout the United States as of February 2016. Scopus and Google Scholar were queried for bibliometric data on each individual, including h-index and m-quotient . We analyzed these metrics for both genders by educational background, subspecialty, National Institutes of Health funding, and academic rank. Results Men had higher median h-indices than women overall ( P P P m-quotient ). Women were more likely to choose a practice that specialized in pediatric urology or female urology/pelvic reconstructive surgery than their male counterparts ( P Conclusion Women represent a growing proportion of academic urology faculty, but despite the recent increase in number entering the field, relatively few women occupy senior leadership positions. Improving psychosocial barriers to advancement such as lack of mentorship or discriminatory policies may help pioneering female urologists as they progress in their careers.
Roger Arthur Cowley. 24 February 1939 — 27 January 2015

Roger Cowley was one of the leading solid-state physicists of his generation. He was a highly versatile scientist who made important contributions to the understanding of the motion of atoms in solids and liquids, of the mechanisms of structural phase transitions, and of a range of magnetic phenomena, especially in systems with quenched disorder. Adept at both experiment and theory, he had the rare gift of being able to see through layers of complexity that often cloud real-world materials and capture the essence of their behaviour in simple models. His style was instinctively collaborative so he often worked together with some of the other leading people in his field, both nationally and internationally. His collaborative style also meant that he was frequently called on to serve in administrative roles. He was head of department at the University of Edinburgh for seven years and Chairman of Physics at Oxford for eight years. He played a large role in the administration of Oxford as a whole. Many of his graduate students went on to distinguished careers of their own, both within Britain and abroad.
Detroit to Flint and back again: Solidarity forever

For several years the authors have been working in Detroit with grassroots coalitions resisting Emergency Management. In this essay, we focus on how community groups in Detroit and Flint advanced c...
Environmental and cultural changes under Chilean neoliberalism: an ethnography of forestry and the Mapuche in Valle Elicura

ABSTRACTDominant development discourses often proclaim promises of economic prosperity and global inclusion, while actually disenfranchising local cultures in the Global South from their traditional environments. In Latin America, and specifically Chile, development manifests itself through neoliberal economic policies implemented in the late twentieth century, while simultaneously creating political economies ripe for foreign and corporate exploitation. Using a political ecology framework, this ethnography presents a case study of the correlation between the development of Chilean neoliberalism and the lifeways of Mapuche indigenous peoples in the town of Valle Elicura, Chile. The findings reveal that natural resource extraction and ecological devastation to local forests by large, international logging companies result in environmental, cultural, and environmental-cultural transformations for this community. The local people who more closely rely on their surrounding environments to regulate and inform ...
Health system and law enforcement synergies for injury surveillance, control and prevention: a scoping review

Background Healthcare providers and law enforcement (LE) officers are among the most common first responders to injuring events. Despite frequent interface between the health system (HS) and LE sectors, the published evidence that supports their collaboration in injury surveillance, control and prevention has not been comprehensively reviewed. Methods We conducted a scoping review of literature published from 1990 to 2016 that focused on local and regional HS and LE collaborations in injury surveillance, control and prevention. Our aim was to describe what is known and what remains unexplored about these cross-sector efforts. Results 128 articles were included in the final review. These were categorised by their focus on either surveillance activities or partnerships in injury control and prevention programmes. The majority of surveillance articles focused on road traffic injuries. Conversely, articles describing partnerships and programme evaluations primarily targeted the prevention of interpersonal violence. Discussion This review yielded two major findings: overall, the combination of HS and LE injury data added value to surveillance systems, especially as HS data augmented LE data; and HS and LE partnerships have been developed to improve injury control and prevention. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the impact and sustainability of these partnerships. Conclusions The current evidence to support HS and LE collaboration in injury surveillance and control and prevention programmes is heterogeneous. Notable gaps suggest ample opportunity for further research and programme evaluation across all types of injury.
Electrophysiology of the CLCA family

Abstract Epithelial cells express many types of anion conductance. Although both CFTR and the CICs have been discussed briefly above, other anion channels that are not yet identified at the molecular level include those that are responsible for volume regulation. In addition, several intracellular anion channels have been identified that may be trafficked to the plasma membrane under certain conditions. Similarly, the mechanisms underlying Ca 2+ -mediated Cl − secretion have proved difficult to pin down. This is due in part to the pluripotent nature of the message, and also to the number of potential targets. The difficulty of distinguishing between direct effects of Ca 2+ on epithelial conductance and those due to differences in driving force was alluded to above. However, this secretory pathway is of considerable significance, not least because it provides an alternative strategy for increasing epithelial Cl − secretion in CF. Despite the identification of CIC-3 as a potential CaCC, the CLCAs provide the best overall candidates for the role of CaCC that have been cloned to date. Even so, it is unlikely that the CLCAs account for all the different phenotypes of CaCCs that have been identified. Determining whether the CLCAs truly represent an epithelial CaCC or a component thereof will be a formidable challenge.
The occult hemodynamically significant left main stenosis in the asymptomatic patient: Reconciling the visual-functional mismatch - A case report and review of screening appropriateness and assessment of left main in patient with multi-vessel CAD.

Abstract We present a 40 year old asymptomatic man with mild left main artery narrowing who demonstrated extreme discordance between symptom presentation and ischemic burden i.e. visual (angiographic) and ischemic (functional) mismatch. The use of an appropriately selected screening stress test can lead to an appropriate decision for revascularization, supported by landmark risk assessment documents and revascularization trials.
51.56 Gbps PAM4 Transmission over up to 2.3 km OM4 Fiber using Mode Selective VCSEL

Record bit-rate-distance-products of 118.6 and 51.6 Gbps×km were achieved for PAM4 and NRZ transmission over a single OM4 fiber using mode-selective VCSEL. The OMA penalty was 3.1 dB for 51.56-Gbps-PAM4 transmission over 1.6km OM4 at BER of 5×10−5.
Case Study: Recruitment of Philippine-Educated Nurses to the United States

This chapter includes a case study discussing some of the challenges of newly recruited Internationally Educated Nurses particularly Filipino nurses. The social structural and cultural factors entrenched among Filipino nurses are described. Culturally competent strategies at the individual, organizational, and community levels are recommended to promote ethical recruitment, smoother transition and effective integration of Internationally Educated Nurses in their social and work environments.
Reversible effects of inhibitory diffusates from maize inoculated with Cochliobolus carbonum

Abstract The localized resistance of maize to Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 induced by a prior inoculation with the weakly virulent race 2 is associated with the release of inhibitory compounds from affected leaf cells into the infection court after penetration. In this study, diffusates containing this inhibitory material harvested from the inoculated leaf surface were found to inhibit conidial germination and accompanying metabolic and biosynthetic activities—oxygen uptake and uridine and leucine incorporation. Addition of carboxyl-containing compounds (amino acids or salts of organic acids) to the germination medium prevented and reversed these inhibitory effects. Similarly, in the host-pathogen interaction, these compounds prevented the action of the diffusates, abolished the induced resistance, and promoted disease development in both resistant and susceptible isolines of maize by race 2 of C. carbonum . In this respect, sodium acetate mimicked the phenotypic effect of the host-specific toxin produced by race 1, which is essential for pathogenicity of C. carbonum . In contrast to the toxin, however, the effect of sodium acetate was not genotype-specific, suggesting that the inhibitory compounds produced by maize leaf cells are components of a general resistance response whose activity is suppressed by acidic compounds and whose synthesis by susceptible genotypes is suppressed by HC-toxin.
The Corneal Stroma

The stroma is a dense connective tissue making up 90% of corneal thickness. The remarkable strength and transparency of the cornea derive from the unique extracellular matrix, elaborated by keratocytes, neural crest-derived cells populating the stroma. Stromal matrix is formed by parallel arrays of collagen fibrils with small uniform diameters and very regular spacing, maintained in association with a unique class of proteoglycans. This organized stromal matrix, along with a specialized class of cellular proteins, crystallins, is required for cornea transparency. A change in the phenotype of the keratocytes during corneal healing leads to deposition of corneal scars and permanent disruption of vision. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of corneal transparency and scarring is essential for devising therapeutic approaches for corneal blindness.
The Ecuadorian Formative

The formal definition of the Formative Period in the New World began with the seminal work of Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips (1958) in their attempt to devise a historicaldevelopmental periodization scheme for pan-hemispherical application. As Jorge Marcos has noted, this concept was largely “identical to what Gordon Childe had called the Early Neolithic” of the Old World (Marcos 2003:7), with connotations of agricultural production and sedentary village life. James A. Ford (1969) carried out the first detailed treatment of the concept for the Americas; he posed a unitary model of Formative development from maritime diffusion, which he pitted against an alternative explanation based upon the “psychic unity of man”. As Ford (1969: 9) defines it, the Formative Period consists of “the 3000 years (or less in some regions) during which the elements of ceramics, ground stone tools, handmade figurines, and manioc and maize agriculture were being diffused and welded into the socioeconomic life of the people living in the region extending from Peru to the eastern United States”. Such unitary diffusionist models were posited as early as 1917 by Herbert Spinden (1917, 1928), but were not systematically explored or championed until the work of Ford (1969) and, in more recent decades, various writings of the late Donald W. Lathrap (see, for example, Lathrap 1974, 1977, 1985, 1987; Lathrap et al. 1975), among others. More recent archaeological research throughout the New World, however, has demonstrated that the Formative was neither a product of diffusion from a single source, as Ford would have it, nor was it a product of psychic unity. Rather, it should more properly be thought of as a complex series of independent, or at least semi-autonomous, hearths of innovation derived from Archaic antecedents in which sedentism, reliance on maize and/or manioc agricultural production, ceramics, polished stone tools, and handmade figurines, all came together as a comparable constellation of traits, but at vastly different rates and in different combinations at key sites throughout the New World (Clark and Knoll 2005). No simple unitary model of Formative development is now tenable, and the
Symbolic Restitution: Post-Apartheid Changes to the South African Heritage Sector, 1994-2012

This bibliography is a compilation of scholarly articles, book chapters and complete monographs written in English about South African cultural heritage sites, permanent and traveling exhibits and installments, and institutional decisions within the heritage sector that contributed to the process of constructing post-apartheid national South African identities, heritages, and collective memories. It includes materials about exhibitions that contributed to a new formation of nationhood by engaging or omitting vestiges of apartheid and colonialism, or by including formerly marginalized voices. This compilation of bibliographic sources encompasses materials published worldwide, dating from the beginning of Nelson Mandela’s inauguration as President of a democratic South Africa on May 10, 1994 to December 11, 2012.
The Great Interview: 25 Strategies for Studying People in Bed

Interviewing is among the most central methods in social science research. While common as a method, there are identifiable characteristics that distinguish good interviews from outstanding ones. Great interviewing is deceptively difficult, partly because it is an acquired ability that takes time to develop, partly because people often remain bound to conventional norms of behavior while interviewing that precludes open access to the people interviewed. While several texts are available on interviewing, few of them venture to draw the explicit distinction among characteristics that separate ordinary from outstanding interviews. Consequently, a concise and accessible guidepost that directs people to the essentials of outstanding interviewing is difficult to find. Based on interviews with a range of people about varied subjects, the author offers 25 directions that will, when followed in combination, point the interviewer along the road from the good (or not-so-good) interview to the great interview.
Those who go underwater: Indignation, sentiment, and ethical immanence in northern Uganda:

AbstractAnthropologists have engaged in a sustained discussion on the parameters and temporality of ethical life. If one understands the ethical as intrinsic to ordinary acts and practice, rather t...
Interventions for academically underachieving students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Despite decades of research on interventions for academically underachieving students, no clear answers have emerged. Synthesizing across existing intervention efforts can help in understanding not only the overall effectiveness for these interventions, but also the factors that may moderate such effectiveness. In the current study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of interventions for academically underachieving students, exploring effects on achievement and psychosocial outcomes. Overall, findings from 53 studies revealed that interventions are moderately effective in improving achievement and psychosocial outcomes. Moderator analyses revealed that intervention effectiveness varied by grade level. Implications for research and practice are discussed, particularly the need for rigorous evaluations of well-designed interventions that consider the fit between students’ unique reasons for underachievement and the makeup of the intervention.
Re-envisioning media literacy education as feminist arts-activism

ABSTRACTThis project interrogates the premises of media literacy education – the predominant approach to equipping K-12 students to navigate the contemporary media environment – by moving it beyond...
Iconic planned communities and the challenge of change

The utopian communities that are canonical in planning history are usually treated in their glory days, splendidly sketched out as they were originally conceived by visionaries. This volume in the ...
Residual limb pain: An evidence-based review

Acquired limb loss, whether from accident or amputation, occurs with an incidence of greater than 175,000 per year in the United States. Current prevalence is estimated at greater than 1.5 million and is expected to double within 30 years. While many patients with amputations may have no significant pain or sensory issues after healing from the initial loss, one-quarter to one-half of patients may have ongoing difficulties with residual limb pain, phantom limb pain, or phantom limb sensation. This review explores the potential etiologies of those symptoms, as well as a variety of treatment options that a practitioner may consider when approaching this condition.
Lean UX research at scale: a case study

In recent years, as technology engineering production and release cycles have sped up, user experience (UX) research practices have correspondingly become more Lean to best match those cycles. On top of that, the increasing interest in incorporating user feedback into product development keeps pushing the limit of resources that UX research teams can allocate. Is this seemingly unstoppable appetite for user insights sustainable? How can UX researchers properly support their product teams' growing needs? We argue that, to be successful at scaling up Lean UX research, product teams need to become active actors in the process, while researchers need to use their expertise to provide guidance and training as required. As an example of this approach, we describe our experience organizing "Developer Day", a yearly event aimed at scaling up the Lean UX research practices of Microsoft's Developer Division. Developer Day has also extended the reach of the division's UX Research team for impacting decisions about the company's software developer tools and services.
FlyClockbase: Importance of Biological Model Curation for Analyzing Variability in the Circadian Clock of Drosophila melanogaster by Integrating Time Series from 25 Years of Research

Biological model curation provides new insights by integrating biological knowledge-fragments, assessing their uncertainty, and analyzing the reliability of potential interpretations. Here we integrate published results about circadian clocks in Drosophila melanogaster while exploring economies of scale in biological model curation. Clocks govern rhythms of gene-expression that impact fitness, health, cancer, memory, mental functions, and more. Human clock insights have been repeatedly pioneered in flies. Flies simplify investigating complex gene regulatory networks, which express proteins cyclically using environmentally entrained interlocking feedback loops that act as clocks. Simulations could simplify research further. We found that very few computational models test their quality directly against experimentally observed time series scattered in the literature. We designed FlyClockbase for integrating such scattered data to enable robust efficient access for biologists and modelers. To this end we have been defining data structures that simplify the construction and maintenance of Versioned Biological Information Resources (VBIRs) that prioritize simplicity, openness, and therefore maintainability. We aim to simplify the preservation of more raw data and relevant annotations from experiments in order to multiply the long-term value of wet-lab datasets for modelers interested in meta-analyses, parameter estimates, and hypothesis testing. Currently FlyClockbase contains over 400 wildtype time series of core circadian components systematically curated from 86 studies published between 1990 and 2015. Using FlyClockbase, we show that PERIOD protein amount peak time variance unexpectedly exceeds that of TIMELESS. We hypothesize that PERIOD9s exceedingly more complex phosphorylation rules are responsible. Variances of daily event times are easily confounded by errors. We improved result reliability by a human error analysis of our data handling; this revealed significance-degrading outliers, possibly violating a presumed absence of wildtype heterogeneity or lab evolution. Separate analyses revealed elevated stochasticity in PCR-based peak time variances; yet our reported core difference in peak time variances appears robust. Our study demonstrates how biological model curation enhances the understanding of circadian clocks. It also highlights diverse broader challenges that are likely to become recurrent themes if models in molecular systems biology aim to integrate 9all relevant knowledge9. We developed a trans-disciplinary workflow, which demonstrates the importance of developing compilers for VBIRs with a more biology-friendly logic that is likely to greatly simplify biological model curation. Curation-limited grand challenges, including personalizing medicine, critically depend on such progress if they are indeed to integrate 9all relevant knowledge9.
Economic impacts on local businesses of investments in bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure: a review of the evidence

Local officials in North America frequently face opposition to new or expanded bicycle or pedestrian facilities. The most vocal opponents are usually motorists and local business owners who fear th...
Partial parotid sialoadenectomy in a horse with parotid ductal carcinoma: Surgical description and case report.

OBJECTIVES To describe the surgical findings, histopathological features, and long-term outcome for a horse with parotid salivary carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN Case report ANIMALS: Twelve year old American Quarter Horse gelding. METHODS The gelding was presented for a 10 × 10 cm swelling below the base of the right ear. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a mass involving the right parotid salivary gland. Incisional biopsy was consistent with parotid carcinoma. The tumor was marginally excised. The lateral wall of the guttural pouch was excised with the mass and was reconstructed with a porcine small intestinal submucosal (SIS) sheet. Cisplatin beads were implanted in the wound bed prior to closure. Firocoxib (0.1 mg/kg orally, daily, every 24 h) treatment was initiated. RESULTS Postoperative complications included right-sided facial nerve paralysis, difficulty with deglutition of fibrous feeds, and surgical site dehiscence. Wound healing was achieved by second intention. Partial improvement in nerve function was observed within the first 6 months. At 12 months postparotidectomy, no sign of tumor reoccurrence or metastatic disease was present, and the gelding returned to work. CONCLUSION Partial parotid sialoadenectomy was performed with a favorable long-term outcome. Regional anatomic knowledge is crucial.
Determination of the horizontal and vertical distribution of clouds from infrared satellite sounding data

A numerical algorithm, based on a physical inversion of the radiative transfer equation, is developed to retrieve the global distribution of the horizontal cloud cover, the cloud-top pressure levels and their temperature. The algorithm makes use of infrared and microwave temperature sounding data to derive the clear-column vertical temperature profiles and then uses the same infrared sounding data to obtain the corresponding cloud parameters. Experimental verification of this method is carried out using data from the High resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS) and the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) operating on the NOAA weather satellite system.
Liquid propulsion turbomachinery model testing

For the past few years an extensive experimental program to understand the fluid dynamics of the Space Shuttle Main Engine hot gas manifold has been in progress. This program includes models of the Phase II and II+ manifolds for each of the air and water flow facilities, as well as two different turbine flow paths and two simulated power levels for each manifold. All models are full-scale (geometric). The water models are constructed partially of acrylic to allow flow visualization. The intent of this paper is to discuss the concept, including the test objectives, facilities, and models, and to summarize the data for an example configuration, including static pressure data, flow visualization, and the solution of a specific flow problem.
A 46% Efficient 0.8dBm Transmitter for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a 1.9GHz low power transmitter for wireless sensor networks. It uses film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) for RF carrier generation and is co-designed with the antenna. The two-channel transmitter is 46% efficient when radiating 1.2mW from a 650mV supply. With 50% on-off keying, it consumes 1.35mW and supports data rate up till 330kbps. The 1.2times0.8mm2 transmitter is implemented in 0.13mum CMOS and is integrated into a 38times25times8.5mm3 solar powered sensor node
Commitment of yeast pre-mRNA to the splicing pathway requires a novel U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide, Prp39p.

Abstract The binding of a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particle to the 5' splice site region of a pre-mRNA is a primary step of intron recognition. In this report, we identify a novel 75-kDa polypeptide of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Prp39p, necessary for the stable interaction of mRNA precursors with the snRNP components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery. In vivo, temperature inactivation or metabolic depletion of Prp39p blocks pre-mRNA splicing and causes growth arrest. Analyses of cell extracts reveal a specific and dramatic increase in the electrophoretic mobility of the U1 snRNP particle upon Prp39p depletion and demonstrate that extracts deficient in Prp39p activity are unable to form either the CC1 or CC2 commitment complex band characteristic of productive U1 snRNP/pre-mRNA association. Immunological studies establish that Prp39p is uniquely associated with the U1 snRNP and is recruited with the U1 snRNP into splicing complexes. On the basis of these and related observations, we propose that Prp39p functions, at least in part, prior to stable branch point recognition by the U1 snRNP particle to facilitate or stabilize the U1 snRNP/5' splice site interaction.
Reactive etching mechanism of tungsten silicide in CF4-O2 plasma☆

Abstract The WSi2 etch rate contains contributions from the directional ion-enhanced etching mechanism which follows the nth power of the d.c. self-bias voltage across the plasma sheath (n = 1.7±0.5) and from the isotropic chemical etching mechanism linearly proportional to the number density of fluorine atoms in the CF4-O2 r.f. plasma. The “apparent” reaction probability of chemical etching, defined as the chemical etching rate per fluorine atom, increases with the r.f. power because of additional heating by the eddy current induced by the r.f. magnetic field. The r.f. inductive heating in the silicide film makes the temperature of the underlying polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film increase, resulting in a poly-Si chemical etching rate higher than that of a blanket poly-Si film. Etch rates due to the chemical etching are proportional to the silicon content in the silicide film for a given plasma condition. At a fixed silicon content (x = 2.6), a film prepared by the chemical vapor deposition technique exhibits a chemical etching rate higher by a factor of 2 than that of films prepared by either electron beam co-evaporation or co-sputter deposition.
Attenuated stress responses in young and old human lymphocytes

Abstract Aging generally is understood to be a period defined by altered responses to physiological stress. At the molecular level, several stress responses involving specific gene expression have been revealed, and thermal stress has been tightly linked to induction of the heat shock gene family (D.A. Jurivich. In E. Bittar (ed.), Principles of Medical Biology, Vol. 4, JAI press, San Diego, 1996, pp. 411–462). Perturbations in heat shock gene transcription consistently have been noted in senescent cells from all species examined thus far. Because heat shock proteins serve several vital functions in the immune system, changes in the thermal stress response could potentially contribute to immunosenescence. Inadequate promoter priming by the transactivator of heat shock genes, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), is thought to account for age-dependent diminution in expression of these genes, although the exact mechanism for this loss is not clearly understood. We have found that human lymphocytes exhibit an age-dependent loss in HSF1–DNA binding, although a range of binding has been observed in both young and old donor cells. This report characterizes a subset of young and old human donor lymphocytes that are non-responders to thermal stress defined by the absence of HSF1–DNA binding after a 42°C heat shock. Whole cell extracts from these donor cells have the capacity to inhibit HSF1–DNA binding when mixed with pre-activated HSF1 from HeLa cells. This inhibitory activity is lost upon heat denaturation and does not appear to be protease mediated. Serial passage of lymphoblasts recapitulates loss of heat inducible HSF1–DNA observed in old donor lymphocytes, thus suggesting that loss of replicative potential and aging lead to altered stress responses. Uncoupling of the thermal response and its potential relevance to apoptosis and aging are discussed.
Pharmacology of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase-phospholamban interaction.

ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence points to the critical role of phospholamban (PLB) regulation of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium ATPase in influencing the kinetics of calcium handling within the cardiac myocyte under normal and pathological conditions. Based on the data, it has been hypothesized that PLB inhibitors (e.g., calcium ATPase stimulators) would be of potential importance as positive lusitropes and inotropes in the treatment of heart failure. Experiments measuring tension transients in saponin-permeabilized cardiac muscles from genetically engineered mice under a variety of SR calcium loading conditions provide evidence of the functional alterations that can be achieved by manipulation of the degree of PLB inhibition of the calcium pump. Testing of the above hypothesis will ultimately require a selective, high-affinity, membrane-permeable small molecule stimulator of the cardiac calcium pump. Screening for cardiac calcium pump activators has produced a series of agents exerting apparently different mechanisms of action; some may be tools to help to elucidate the nature of the PLB-calcium ATPase interaction(s). The rationale for PLB as a drug target, the optimal profile of a PLB inhibitor, and the properties of several low-molecular-weight compounds will be explored.