cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough of contaminant plumes in saturated volcanic rock: implications from the Yucca Mountain site

This manuscript addresses the topic of transverse dispersion and its impact on the behavior of the saturated zone below Yucca Mountain, a site that had been proposed for a US nuclear waste repository. Guided by a review of relevant observations of dispersion in similar formations, this study evaluates the importance of uncertainty in dispersion, particularly dispersion transverse to the mean transport direction, on metrics of interest to the Yucca Mountain risk assessment. Although as expected, larger values of transverse dispersivity lead to greater spreading of the plume in directions orthogonal to the mean flow direction, a corresponding sensitivity is not observed to the travel time statistics of the breakthrough curve at the compliance boundary. Thus, when a risk assessment is based on contaminant mass flux at compliance well or ‘fence line’ downstream from the source, as in the Yucca Mountain case, transverse dispersion may be of secondary importance to other parameters that more directly impact travel times. This result is in contrast to systems in which reactive transport processes are important to the attenuation of the plume, in which case transverse dispersion and mixing may be expected to play a dominant role in controlling the reaction rates and contaminant concentrations in the plume.
Electron energy loss near edge structure (ELNES), a potential technique in the studies of local atomic arrangements

Abstract The electron energy loss near-edge structure of the K-edge of Mg and Al octahedrally coordinated by oxygen shows, in all the six cases studied, a similar prominent 8–10 eV broad Gaussian-like peak at the threshold. In none of the three cases where Mg and Al are tetrahedrally coordinated is such a peak observed. For tetrahedrally coordinated Si a much narrower, less than 4 eV, peak is present. These empirical rules have been applied to the studies of mica during the rearrangement process caused by radiation damage. The studies indicate that a considerable fraction of the Al atoms are neither in perfect octahedral nor in perfect tetrahedral positions after the micas have become amorphous, whereas there is no indication of a change in the local symmetry of Si. The appearance of a small peak below the threshold of the K-edge of oxygen is interpreted as due to a valency of oxygen between zero and -2 occurring for a short period of time.
The Spatial Impact of Reaganomics: A Test of Six Models

Recent analyses of the Reagan budget reallocations suggest that the spatial distribution of public expenditures among the American states have undergone a major change. What remains unclear, however, is why the Reagan budget reallocations generated these clearly defined spatial effects. In trying to answer this question, we identify five explanations of the spatial impacts, explanations focusing on electoral, partisan, wealth, urban-rural, and expenditure base effects. Along with controls for regional effects, these explanations are tested by OLS regression analysis of data on the state allocations of federal expenditures from the last Carter to the first Reagan budgets.
Up-regulating pyocyanin production by amino acid addition for early electrochemical identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This work focuses on developing a faster method for electrochemically detecting a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through the addition of amino acids to cell culture samples. We performed square-wave voltammetry measurements of pyocyanin produced by P. aeruginosa using commercially available carbon-based electrodes connected to a Ag/AgCl reference. The electrochemical response resulting from the production of pyocyanin by bacteria was measured in the presence of various amino acids while varying three different culturing parameters: liquid media type (trypticase soy broth vs. M63 minimal media); concentration of amino acids in the solution; and initial concentration of the P. aeruginosa in the solution. Our results demonstrate a faster and stronger electrochemical response in media containing tyrosine and valine at elevated concentrations, lending promise to using amino acids as up-regulatory molecules for faster bacterial detection.
Outage capacities of a multi-carrier WLAN downlink under different resource sharing techniques

We evaluate the outage capacities of a multi-carrier downlink wireless LAN system. Time, frequency, and code division are considered to multiplex different users. For code division, we also consider a multi-carrier CDMA implementation with orthogonal signature sequences. It is assumed that the transmitter has no channel state information. Numerical results show outage capacity regions and outage probabilities for a two-user system with different average signal-to-noise ratios.
Immunological control of arthropod ectoparasites - a review

The control of arthropod ectoparasites of livestock by systemically delivered chemicals was introduced in the 1950s. Their low cost, ease of use, and high level of efficacy ensured dependence upon them for ectoparasite control. However, current societal and scientific concerns regarding dependency upon chemicals have emphasised the need for the evaluation of environmentally safe alternatives for ectoparasite control. Immunological intervention for the control of ectoparasite populations, either through the selection of animals with resistant genotypes or vaccination, is consistent with principles of sustainable agriculture. Unlike the activity of chemicals, currently available ectoparasite vaccines do not induce a rapid knockdown of the parasite population and they do not protect the individual from parasitism. However, if these vaccines are used in an integrated pest-management programme, they have the potential to reduce parasite populations over successive generations and reduce or eliminate the need for chemical application.
Nonreciprocal metamaterials based on magnetic photonic crystals

Composite metamaterials based on magnetic photonic crystals can display unique. electromagnetic properties such as gigantic magnetoelectric effect, one-way transparency (electromagnetic unidirectionality), and the ability to slow down and trap incoming microwave radiation. Such metamaterials can be made from off-the-shelf ferrites and other readily available dielectric components. The key to the desired properties is the proper spatial arrangement of the constitutive components, which can be found by solving electrodynamic equations in the gyrotropic composite medium. Utilization of these photonic metamaterials in portable receiving and transmitting antennas can drastically enhance their directionality and efficiency while reducing their size.
Using electronic health records data to assess comorbidities of substance use and psychiatric diagnoses and treatment settings among adults

Abstract Objective To examine prevalences of substance use disorders (SUD) and comprehensive patterns of comorbidities among psychiatric patients ages 18–64 years ( N = 40,099) in an electronic health records (EHR) database. Method DSM-IV diagnoses among psychiatric patients in a large university system were systematically captured: SUD, anxiety (AD), mood (MD), personality (PD), adjustment, childhood-onset, cognitive/dementia, dissociative, eating, factitious, impulse-control, psychotic (schizophrenic), sexual/gender identity, sleep, and somatoform diagnoses. Comorbidities and treatment types among patients with a SUD were examined. Results Among all patients, 24.9% ( n = 9984) had a SUD, with blacks (35.2%) and Hispanics (32.9%) showing the highest prevalence. Among patients with a SUD, MD was prevalent across all age groups (50.2–56.6%). Patients aged 18–24 years had elevated odds of comorbid PD, adjustment, childhood-onset, impulse-control, psychotic, and eating diagnoses. Females had more PD, AD, MD, eating, and somatoform diagnoses, while males had more childhood-onset, impulse-control, and psychotic diagnoses. Blacks had greater odds than whites of psychotic and cognitive/dementia diagnoses, while whites exhibited elevated odds of PA, AD, MD, childhood-onset, eating, somatoform, and sleep diagnoses. Women, blacks, and Native American/multiple-race adults had elevated odds of using inpatient treatment; men, blacks, and Hispanics had increased odds of using psychiatric emergency care. Comorbid MD, PD, adjustment, somatoform, psychotic, or cognitive/dementia diagnoses increased inpatient treatment. Conclusion Patients with a SUD, especially minority members, use more inpatient or psychiatric emergency care than those without. Findings provide evidence for research on understudied diagnoses and underserved populations in the real-world clinical settings.
Testosterone and cardiovascular disease – the controversy and the facts

Since November 2013, there has been a flurry of articles written in the media touting the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease in men treated with testosterone, based on two recent reports. Since first synthesized in 1935, testosterone therapy has demonstrated substantial benefits for men with testosterone deficiency (also called hypogonadism). Testosterone has an acceptable safety profile and literature spanning more than 30 years, suggesting a decreased CV risk with low levels of testosterone and benefits associated with testosterone therapy. However, nonmedical media outlets have seized on reports of increased CV risk, and published scathing editorials impugning testosterone therapy as a dangerous and overprescribed treatment. Here, we review these recent studies, and find no scientific basis for assertions of increased CV risk. This article is intended to provide the clinician with the facts needed for an informed discussion with men who suffer from testosterone deficiency and who desire treatment for their symptoms.
Dose-related suppression of serum luteinizing hormone in women by a potent new gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (Ganirelix) administered by intranasal spray

Objective: To determine if the GnRH antagonist (GnRH-a) Ganirelix (Syntex Research, Palo Alto, CA), administered by intranasal (IN) spray to normal women, is absorbed into the systemic circulation and suppresses LH secretion. Design: A single center, open label, nonrandomized, dose-escalation study. Setting: Academic research environment. Patient(s): Normal female volunteers ages 23 to 43 years. Intervention(s): Ganirelix was administered as a single dose by IN spray. The administered doses and the number of women receiving each of them were 0.1 mg (n = 1), 0.3 mg (n = 1), 1 mg (n = 2), 3 mg (n = 5), and 6 mg (n = 5). Blood samples were collected from −15 minutes to 24 hours after dosing. Main Outcome Measure(s): Serum concentrations of Ganirelix and LH. Result(s): Ganirelix was absorbed rapidly. The mean time to maximal serum levels in the 3- and 6-mg groups was 0.67 and 0.53 hour, respectively. Mean serum LH levels were suppressed by ≥35% relative to baseline from 2 to 12 hours after dosing in both groups. The mean maximal percent decrease in serum LH was −62% (at 8 hours after dosing) and −74% (at 6 hours after dosing) in the 3- and 6-mg groups, respectively. Conclusion(s): Single dose IN administration of 3 or 6 mg of Ganirelix suppressed serum LH levels in women, further enhancing the potential clinical utility of this potent GnRH-a. This is the first clinical report of a GnRH-a reducing the secretion of a pituitary gonadotropin when administered by an IN delivery system. Based on the duration and extent of LH suppression observed in this study, Ganirelix, administered by twice daily IN spray, may be effective for the treatment of gonadal hormone-dependent disorders in women.
A comparative study of multiple accessing schemes

We compare the performance of different accessing schemes (frequency division, time division and code division) for the uplink in a wireless communication system. We assume an additive white Gaussian noise channel with multipath fading. We consider the case when the receiver can track the channel parameters, but the transmitters cannot. We look at three different measures of performance: the Shannon capacity, the delay limited capacity and probability of outage. Shannon capacity is better suited for systems where the delay requirements are not as stringent, whereas the delay limited capacity and probability of outage give the performance when there are strict delay requirements or when the channel is slowly fading. We observe that all three schemes have the same achievable rates of transmission in Shannon sense, but the code division multiple access scheme performs better than frequency and time division in terms of delay limited capacity and probability of outage.
Sterol-regulated ubiquitination and degradation of Insig-1 creates a convergent mechanism for feedback control of cholesterol synthesis and uptake

This paper describes a convergent mechanism for the feedback control of cholesterol synthesis and uptake mediated by SREBPs, membrane bound transcription factors. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bound SREBPs form complexes with Scap, a polytopic ER protein. In sterol-overloaded cells, Scap/SREBP binds to Insig-1, which retains the complex in the ER. Upon sterol deprivation, the Scap/SREBP complex dissociates from Insig-1, which is then ubiquitinated on lysines 156 and 158 and degraded in proteasomes. Scap/SREBP moves to the Golgi, where SREBP is processed to liberate a nuclear fragment that activates genes for cholesterol synthesis and uptake and the gene for Insig-1. Ubiquitination is not necessary for release of Scap/SREBP from Insig-1, but it establishes a requirement for synthesis of new Insig-1 for feedback inhibition. When the new Insig-1 and cholesterol converge on Scap, Scap/SREBP binds to Insig-1, preventing ubiquitination. The Insig-1/Scap/SREBP complex accumulates in the ER, ready for liberation when the cell is again sterol deprived.
Terminal transferase-dependent PCR: A versatile and sensitive method for in vivo footprinting and detection of DNA adducts

We report here a new, sensitive and versatile genomic sequencing method, which can be used for in vivo footprinting and studies of DNA adducts. Starting with mammalian genomic DNA, single-stranded products are made by repeated primer extension; these products are subjected to homopolymeric ribonucleotide tailing at the 3' termini with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and then ligated to a double-stranded linker having a complementary 3' overhang, and used for PCR. This terminal transferase-dependent PCR (TDPCR) method can generate band signals many-fold stronger than conventional ligation-mediated PCR (LMPCR). A UV photofootprint in the mouse Xist gene promoter can be easily detected using TDPCR. No special enzymes or chemical reagents are needed to convert DNA adducts into strand breaks. Any lesion that blocks primer extension should be detectable.
Laboratory Compliance With the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing Guidelines: A 3-Year Comparison of Validation Procedures

Context.—The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) published guidelines in 2007 regarding testing accuracy, interpretation, and reporting of results for ...
RISK WHEN SOME STATES ARE LOW-PROBABILITY EVENTS

One usually assumes that the joint probability distribution is known or that agents will use Bayesian updating to estimate the true probabilities after a number of trials when the states of nature are finite in classical decision theory under uncertainty. If there are important states that have very low probabilities of occurrence, then each agent must make a subjective assessment of the probability distribution until a sufficient number of outcomes are observed in order to generate a precise estimate of the probability distribution. If one assumes that all agents know the states and their payoffs, the probability distribution is stationary, and they observe all outcomes that unfold over time, then it will take at least 10 times the mean time between occurrences of the lowest probability event in order to generate enough outcomes that all agents share the same objective knowledge of the distribution. The mean time of recurrence depends on both the probability distribution and the time unit used between recordings of the observations. If at least one state has a low probability of occurrence, then the time to convergence will exceed the period of stationarity of the process.
A Study of Undergraduate Accounting Students' Graduation Trends Resulting from Changes in Requirements for CPA (Certified Public Accountant) Licensure in New York State

Changes in New York State’s requirements for obtaining a CPA license have necessitated several changes for many accounting departments. This study posed several questions relating to: how students planned to meet the 150 semester hour (credits) education requirement for licensure as well as obtaining the one year experience requirement. The results showed that most students plan to go to graduate school. Many students will also have 150 credits when completing their accounting studies and will not have need for additional education. Finally, students surveyed strayed off the path of public accounting, or more specifically audit (which was traditionally the initial career needed for CPA licensure), as satisfying the one year experience requirement towards licensure.
An arbitrary two-qubit computation in 23 elementary gates or less

Quantum circuits currently constitute a dominant model for quantum computation according to M. Nielsen and I. Chuang (2000). Our work addresses the problem of constructing quantum circuits to implement an arbitrary given quantum computation, in the special case of two qubits. We pursue circuits without ancilla qubits and a small number of elementary quantum gates by A. Barenco et al. (1995) and G. Song and A. Klappenecker (2003) as possible. Our lower bound for worst-case optimal two-qubit circuits calls for at least 17 gates: 15 one-qubit rotations and 2 CNOTs. To this end, we constructively prove a worst-case upper bound to 23 elementary gates, of which at most 4 (CNOTs) entail multi-qubit interactions. Our analysis shows that previous known synthesis algorithms, although more general, entail much larger quantum circuits than ours in the special case of two qubits. One such algorithm according to G. Cybenko (2001) has a worst case of 61 gates of which 18 may be CNOTs. Our technique rely on the KAK decomposition from Lie theory as well as the polar and spectral (symmetric Shur) matrix decompositions from numerical analysis. They are related to the canonical decomposition of two-qubit gate with respect to the "magic basis" of phase-shifted Bell states by N. Khaneja et al. (2001) and M. Lewenstein et al. (2001). We extend this decomposition in terms of elementary gates for quantum computation.
Optimizing Chemotherapy-Free Survival for the ER/HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patient

The recent incremental advances made in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer have elicited potential for survival extension in this treatable, yet incurable, population of breast cancer patients. Clinicians have focused on targeted therapies, which aim at signaling receptors such as the human epidermal receptor superfamily, the estrogen receptor, VEGF, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mTOR, and many others. Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5559–61. ©2011 AACR .
Adaptive Fitting of Linear Mixed-Effects Models with Correlated Random-effects.

Linear mixed-effects model has been widely used in longitudinal data analyses. In practice, the fitting algorithm can fail to converge due to boundary issues of the estimated random-effects covariance matrix G, that is, being near-singular, non-positive definite, or both. Current available algorithms are not computationally optimal because the condition number of matrix G is unnecessarily increased when the random-effects correlation estimate is not zero. We propose an adaptive fitting (AF) algorithm using an optimal linear transformation of the random-effects design matrix. It is a data-driven adaptive procedure, aiming at reducing subsequent random-effects correlation estimates down to zero in the optimal transformed estimation space. Simulations show that AF significantly improves the convergent properties, especially under small sample size, relative large noise and high correlation settings. One real data for insulin-like growth factor protein is used to illustrate the application of this algorithm i...
The Protective Effect of Selenium on Cadmium-Induced Injury to Normal and Cryptorchid Testes in the Rat

An ultrastructural study on the protective effect of selenium upon cadmium-induced damage to the vasculature of scrotal and cryptorchid testes of the rat was performed. Pretreatment with selenium injected s.c., prevented the progressive time related changes to the endothelial cell junctions seen at 3, 6, and 9 h after the s.d. injection of cadmium alone. This suggests an inactivation of cadmium by selenium prior to its transit across the endothelium. The cryptorchid condition made no noticeable difference upon the protective effect of selenium even though the cryptorchid testis is more susceptible to cadmium toxicity. An interaction between cadmium and calcium may be responsible for the breakdown of the cell junctions.
Characterization of antioxidants responsible for inhibition of warmed-over flavor in retorted turkey.

Antioxidant material which has been extracted from retorted turkey was partially characterized as to its chemical nature. Fractionation on Sephadex G-50 indicated the active antioxidant material to have a molecular weight of between 200 and 500. It inhibited oxygen uptake in model systems in concentrations as low as 200 ppm, indicating strong antioxidant properties. It was not volatile, but did exhibit strong reducing properties similar to those found in reductones, which are known intermediates in the browning reaction.
Antibodies Recognizing Protective Pertussis Toxin Epitopes Are Preferentially Elicited by Natural Infection versus Acellular Immunization

Despite more than 50 years of vaccination, disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis persists, with rates increasing in industrialized countries over the past decade. This rise may be attributed to several factors, including increased surveillance, emergence of vaccine escape variants, waning immunity in adults, and the introduction of acellular subunit vaccines, which include chemically detoxified pertussis toxin (PTd). Two potently protective epitopes on pertussis toxin (PTx) are recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 1B7 and 11E6, which inhibit catalytic and cell-binding activities, respectively. In order to determine whether the PTx exposure route affects antibody responses to these epitopes, we analyzed sera from 30 adults with confirmed pertussis exposure and from 30 recently vaccinated adults for specific anti-PTx antibody responses and in vitro CHO cell neutralization titers. While overall titers against PTx and the genetically detoxified variant, PTg, containing the R9K and E129G substitutions, were similar in the two groups, titers against specific epitopes depended on the exposure route. Natural infection resulted in significantly higher titers of anti-PTx-subunit 1, 1B7-like, and 11E6-like antibodies, while acellular vaccination resulted in significantly higher titers of antibodies recognizing PTd. We also observed a correlation between in vitro protection and the presence of 1B7-like and 11E6-like antibodies. Notably, chemical detoxification, as opposed to genetic inactivation, alters the PTx tertiary and quaternary structure, thereby affecting conformational epitopes and recognition of PTx by 1B7 and 11E6. The lower levels of serum antibodies recognizing clinically relevant epitopes after vaccination with PTd support inclusion of PTg in future vaccines.
Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on biliineage differentiation of the human HL‐60 myeioblastic leukemia cell

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which has both antioxidant and membrane active properties, has been reported to affect cellular differentiation. We studied its effect on the bipotent lineage differentiation of the important HL-60 human myeloblastic leukemia cell line using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, cell cycle analysis, population growth rate, monoclonal antibodies, and morphology. BHT markedly accelerated retinoic acid-induced myelocytic differentiation and dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced monocytic differentiation in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) had a comparable effect. Preincubation with the compounds was not necessary to evoke the acceleration Other antioxidants and inhibitors of eicosanoid synthesis were inactive. We conclude that the important food preservatives BHT and BHA accelerate the kinetics of terminal differentiation of human leukemia and that this effect is likely due at least in part to their membrane active properties.
Semi-supervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction

The problem of nonlinear dimensionality reduction is considered. We focus on problems where prior information is available, namely, semi-supervised dimensionality reduction. It is shown that basic nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithms, such as Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), Isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP), and Local Tangent Space Alignment (LTSA), can be modified by taking into account prior information on exact mapping of certain data points. The sensitivity analysis of our algorithms shows that prior information will improve stability of the solution. We also give some insight on what kind of prior information best improves the solution. We demonstrate the usefulness of our algorithm by synthetic and real life examples.
Disassembly-to-order system using Linear Physical Programming

One of the most responsible ways of processing end-of-life (EOL) products is to minimize their disposal to landfills by reusing, remanufacturing and/or recycling them. Often, this necessitates a certain level of disassembly. It is therefore necessary to plan disassembly processing efficiently so as to minimize costs and the amount of disposal as well as to maximize reuse, remanufacturing and recycling. In this paper, we present a disassembly-to-order system to determine the number of EOL products to process to fulfill a certain demand for products, parts and/or materials under a variety of objectives and constraints using a newly developed decision tool, called Linear Physical Programming. It addresses problems involving multiple objectives and constraints and allows the decision maker to express his/her value-system in a realistic manner for each objective of interest. The model also provides the number of items to be disassembled for remanufacturing, recycling, storage and disposal. A case example is also presented.
The Afterlives of Violent Images

This article examines the posting of photographs on two Facebook groups created by survivors of the 1976 fall of the Tal al-Zaʾtar refugee camp and their descendants. What happens to photographs as they circulate through these particular social media groups, and what relations do people (including photographed subjects who appear in images of atrocity and trauma) create with such images as they circulate in new ways? How are they mobilized through social media to create and sustain collective memory? I argue that by addressing the yearning to discover, document and sustain networks of affiliation and association on one hand and a shared geography, lost in 1976 and virtually reconstructed through members’ activities on the sites on the other, group members appeal in complex ways to both indexical and iconic qualities of photographs, thereby allowing for the creative engagement with a collective past for the needs of community members in the present.
Zed Osteotomy with Trapezoidal Resection in Internal Rotations of the Tibia and Secondary Static Arthrosis of the Knee

Internal rotation of the tibia is a frequent malformation. A little degree of internal rotation in newborns is considered normal but disappears in the first years of life to be replaced by a very moderate external rotation. Internal rotation at birth is often more severe than originally thought, or derotation does not take place, and in adults internal rotation can persist to varying extents (Fig. 1). Until some years ago this deformity was disregarded, notwithstanding several publications about it [1-9] and its importance in causing static and dynamic alterations of the knee [1-3]. Tibial internal rotation has to be considered as being equivalent to club foot and is often associated with varum of the tibia, especially in congenital but less often in rachitic deformities [10-16].
Accelerating Mobile Applications through Flip-Flop Replication

Mobile devices have less computational power and poorer Internet connections than other computers. Computation offload, in which some portions of an application are migrated to a server, has been proposed as one way to remedy this deficiency. Yet, partition-based offload is challenging because it requires applications to accurately predict whether mobile or remote computation will be faster, and it requires that the computation be large enough to overcome the cost of shipping state to and from the server. Further, offload does not currently benefit network-intensive applications. In this paper, we introduce Tango, a new method for using a remote server to accelerate mobile applications. Tango replicates the application and executes it on both the client and the server. Since either the client or the server execution may be faster during different phases of the application, Tango allows either replica to lead the execution. Tango attempts to reduces user-perceived application latency by predicting which replica will be faster and allowing it to lead execution and display output, leveraging the better network and computation resources of the server when the application can benefit from it. It uses techniques inspired by deterministic replay to keep the two replicas in sync, and it uses flip-flop replication to allow leadership to float between replicas. Tango currently works for several unmodified Android applications. In our results, two computation-heavy applications obtain up to 2-3x speedup, and five network applications obtain from 0 to 2.6x speedup.
Experimental Investigation of Sorbent for Warm CO2 Capture by Pressure Swing Adsorption

A new sorbent for warm CO2 capture containing magnesium oxide was developed using incipient wetness impregnation. The reversible adsorption isotherm, cyclic stability, and sorption rate were measur...
Further Observations on Intranuclear Inclusions Produced by Non-Virus Materials

SummaryThe following non-virus materials were used in guinea pigs in addition to those already reported: suspensions of normal brain tissue; normal rabbit tissues (liver, spleen, kidney, testicle); commercial lecithin; alcoholic extract (lipins) of monkey brain; phosphatide of tubercle bacilli; and 1:2:5:6 dibenzanthracene. Of these only brain induced characteristic intranuclear inclusions. Aluminum hydroxide injected into other sites than the subcutaneous tissues of guinea pigs produced similar reactions with inclusions. The mouse responded only feebly with inclusions on injection of aluminum hydroxide while the rabbit again failed.1 The approximate minimal effective dose of Al2O3 needed for production of the intranuclear bodies was found to be 0.01 mg. per cc. The various aspects of these findings are discussed.
Demise of the Modern Human

Humanity has come to dominate the Earth for many reasons. We are robust, intelligent, industrious, cooperative, fecund, and have invented adaptive means to meet many difficulties. While we have been exceedingly successful on the individual and tribal levels, the collective impacts of seven billion people have taken a dark turn summarized in this unresolved conundrum: what is best for the individual is no longer best for everyone. Unfortunately, the institutions of democracy and capitalism have grown rigid and partisan, unable to constructively respond to current crises. The crux of the problem lies not with institutions, but ultimately in the flaws of individuals. Society is a reflection of culture, culture is a reflection of beliefs, and beliefs reflect our deepest needs and wants as human beings. If we are to change our fate, we must begin by changing ourselves: we need a better human.
Review on heterogeneous model reconstruction of stone-based composites in numerical simulation

Abstract Numerical simulation has been widely employed in investigating stone-based composite behaviors. Model reconstruction is a prerequisite step to conduct numerical simulations. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the development of heterogeneous model reconstruction of stone-based composites, in particular, Portland cement concrete and asphalt mixtures. The numerical models mainly refer to discrete element models and finite element models. According to the review results, there are two types of heterogeneous models for stone-based materials based on modeling methods, the image based model and computer generated model. The image based model is obtained through image processing on X-ray or optical images by identifying the different phases in the composite. The computer generated model is obtained by placing computer generated aggregate particles into asphalt or cement matrix. Some subcategories for both the image based and computer generated models were detailed as well. The pros and cons of the image based models and computer generated models were also stated and some suggestions were provided. In general, image based models can capture the detailed geometrical information of each phase, but it is costly and time consuming, and the model accuracy is highly dependent on the image processing techniques. Compared to image based model, the computer generated model is more cost effective and much easier to implement, but the main concern is the accuracy of the aggregate model shapes. Future research directions are also provided based on the authors’ views.
Application and investigation of ASP.netin agricultural web site

The construction and function of agricultural web site and the process of realizing it with environment of ASP.net for the purpose of needed information is introduced in this paper.
VAR2CSA Domain-Specific Analysis of Naturally Acquired Functional Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum Placental Malaria

Background Placental malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) that surface-express VAR2CSA and bind chondroitin sulfate A. The inflammatory response to placenta-sequestered parasites is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, and protection may be mediated in part by VAR2CSA antibodies that block placental IE adhesion. Methods In this study, we used a new approach to assess VAR2CSA domains for functional epitopes recognized by naturally acquired antibodies. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G targeting Duffy binding-like (DBL) domains from different alleles were sequentially purified from plasma pooled from multigravid women and then characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and antiadhesion assays. Results Different DBL domain-specific IgGs could react to homologous as well as heterologous antigens and parasites, suggesting that conserved epitopes are shared between allelic variants. Homologous blocking of IE binding was observed with ID1-DBL2-ID2a-, DBL4-, and DBL5-specific IgG (range, 42%-75%), whereas partial cross-inhibition activity was observed with purified IgG specific to ID1-DBL2-ID2a and DBL4 antigens. Plasma retained broadly neutralizing activity after complete depletion of these VAR2CSA specificities. Conclusions Broadly neutralizing antibodies of multigravidae are not depleted on VAR2CSA recombinant antigens, and hence development of VAR2CSA vaccines based on a single construct and variant might induce antibodies with limited broadly neutralizing activity.
Gastroesophageal reflux: update on pathogenesis and diagnosis

Gastroesophageal reflux is common among young infants and may cause significant morbidity in a minority of affected patients. Recent clinical research has changed early assumptions about pathogenesis, and refinement in diagnostic techniques have improved the ability to identify and treat these patients.
Costume in the Comedies of Aristophanes

This book offers an interpretation of the handling of costume in the plays of the fifth-century comic poet Aristophanes. Drawing on both textual and material evidence from the fourth- and fifth-century Greek world, it examines three layers of costume: the bodysuit worn by the actors, the characters' clothes, and the additional layering of disguise. A chapter is also devoted to the inventive costumes of the comic chorus. Going beyond describing what costumes looked like, the book focuses instead on the dynamics of costume as it is manipulated by characters in the performance of plays. The book argues that costume is used competitively, as characters handle each other's costumes and poets vie for status using costume. This argument is informed by performance studies and by analyses of gender and the body.
Imaging hidden objects by transforming scattering surfaces into computational holographic sensors

Light bouncing off rough surfaces is used to illuminate hidden objects and intercept the subsequently diffracted light. A hologram of the hidden objects is developed by processing interferograms assembled at the rough surface.
Faith-Learning Integration Exercise: Marketing Principles in the Book of Acts

In his study of Acts, Karns finds that the elements of the marketing mix—product, price, place, and promotion—are evident in the expansion of the early church. His Bible study can be used to help students integrate their faith with the marketing discipline.
The MAterials Simulation Toolkit (MAST) for atomistic modeling of defects and diffusion

Abstract The MAterials Simulation Toolkit (MAST) is a workflow manager and post-processing tool for ab initio defect and diffusion workflows. MAST codifies research knowledge and best practices for such workflows, and allows for the generation and management of easily modified and reproducible workflows, where data is stored along with workflow information for data provenance tracking. MAST is available for download through the Python Package Index, or at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/MAST , with installation instructions and a detailed user’s guide at http://pythonhosted.org/MAST . MAST code may be browsed at the GitHub repository at https://github.com/uw-cmg/MAST .
Pre-service teachers' data use opportunities during student teaching

Abstract Education systems internationally are implementing data use initiatives with the aim of improving student learning. As teachers are key actors in the implementation of such initiatives, this study explored pre-service teachers' ( N = 142) opportunities to learn how to use data during pre-service education, specifically student teaching. The study also examined how student teacher data use varies by school level and relevant coursework and in-school learning experiences. Findings suggest that student teaching might plausibly serve as a source of experiential learning relative to data use, especially at the elementary level, and regardless of pre-service teachers' prior or concurrent teacher education experiences.
Chapter 10 – Community Policing and Drugs

Publisher Summary The chapter explores the services that community policing can offer in solving the drug problem. The Police and the Criminal justice system have responded to drugs with a tough, aggressive response, however, it does not appear that this response has had much of an impact on the problem. The drug problem results in mounting frustration within the society. This frustration has led to a continuation of the same old draconian solutions. Another problem with traditional methods of controlling drugs is that they erode cherished civil rights. The courts on a number of occasions have rendered decisions that substantially limit or reduce citizens' rights. Community policing offers an approach to the drug and crime problems. Community policing is more than the weed-and-seed programs. The programs are designed to couple enforcement with community building. The history has proven that the police are not being successful in ridding society of drug and crime problems by focusing singularly on enforcement; the police also must be actively involved in community building.
Effects of boron oxide substitution on the structure and bioactivity of SrO-containing bioactive glasses

B2O3/SiO2 substitution in 55S4.3 bioactive glasses with 5 mol% of SrO has been synthesized and characterized to understand their structure and bioactivity as a function of composition by combining experimental and computer simulation techniques. Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were utilized to characterize the structural changes induced by boron content and to identify the formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp). In vitro bioactivity tests were performed in simulated body fluid with a fixed glass mass to solution volume ratio and a particle size range. Needle-like HAp was found to form on the surface of the 55S4.3 with SrO sample from scanning electron microscopy and confirmed from XRD and FTIR. In addition to the experimental efforts, these glasses were also simulated using classical molecular dynamics simulations with partial charge potentials and recently developed parameters for boron oxide to understand their short- and medium-range structures. The glasses from simulations were analyzed in terms of the local structure around the glass network formers, especially the boron coordination number, and found to agree well with theoretical models. The medium-range structural information such as Q n distribution and network connectivity was also obtained and used to understand the compositional dependence of property and bioactivity. The results show that additional boron oxide increased the network connectivity of the 55S4.3 glass and inhibited or delayed the formation of HAp in vitro.
The Making of Women Artists in Victorian England: The Education and Careers of Six Professionals

Despite decades of feminist art history and studies of women artists, the case study approach Jo Devereux uses here is still viable, since we have so few critical biographies of Victorian women art...
Associations of self-reported allergic diseases and musculoskeletal problems in children: A US population-based study.

Abstract Background Previous studies have found increased rates of musculoskeletal problems in adults with allergic disease, but whether this association holds true for children is unknown. Objective To investigate the association of bone, joint, and muscle problems in children with a history of allergic disease. Methods Data were obtained from the 2007 Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models accounting for the sampling design were used to evaluate associations of bone, joint, and muscle problems with allergic diseases, such as asthma, hay fever, food allergies, and eczema. Associations were summarized with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The survey included 91,642 individuals aged 0 to 17 years. Multivariable modeling found statistically significant associations between the number of allergic diseases and bone, joint, and muscle problems (1 allergic disease: adjusted OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.04–1.56; P = .02; 2 allergic diseases: adjusted OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.92–3.39; P P P P P = .002). Conclusion Self-reported allergic diseases in children were associated with bone, joint, and muscle problems, and associations strengthened with allergic disease severity and number of allergic diseases. Severe eczema may be associated with bone problems in children. Bone, joint, and muscle problems must be considered in children with severe allergic disease, and prospective studies are necessary to define this association.
E-083 Intraarterial and intravenous abciximab for management of acute in-situ thrombosis during pipeline flow diversion of intracranial aneurysms

Background Flow diversion is an effective and increasingly accepted method for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Acute in-situ thrombosis during Pipeline embolization device (PED) deployment has potential for devastating morbidity. There is limited experience in the flow diversion literature on the usage of Abciximab (ReoPro) to address this issue. Methods Data were collected retrospectively on patients who encountered in-situ thrombosis during Pipeline flow diversion of anterior and/or posterior circulation intracranial aneurysms. Data collected include aneurysms characteristics, Abciximab dosing and administration regimen, post-procedural antiplatelet therapy, and clinical/radiographical follow up. Results Twenty-five patients (mean age 56 years; range 36–75 years) with 26 unruptured aneurysms (mean size 8.7 mm; range 2-25 mm) were identified to have in-situ thrombosis during PED deployment. Intraarterial (IA) ReoPro was administered in all cases, with 15 patients receiving increments of 5mg boluses and 10 patients receiving 0.125mg/kg bolus. Immediate or partial resolution of in-situ thrombosis was observed in 100% of the patients. Intravenous (IV) ReoPro infusion was administered post-procedurally in 18 patients. 19 patients were transitioned to Prasugrel (Effient) from Clopidogrel (Plavix) post procedurally. Average length of stay was 4.5 days (range 1-30 days), with 21/26 (81%) patients discharged to home. Intracranial hemorrhage was noted in 2 patients (8%). At six-months clinical follow up, 20/25 (80%) patients had mRS of 0. Angiographic follow up was available for 18 patients at a mean duration of 9.6 months, at which time aneurysm occlusion rate was 94% (16/17 patients). Conclusions IA and IV ReoPro administration is a effective and safe strategy for the management of acute in-situ thrombosis during PED, with high rates of immediate thrombosis resolution and relatively low rates of hemorrhagic complications and long term morbidity. Disclosures: B. Jiang: None. J. Campos: None. N. Beaty: None. E. Westbroek: None. M. Bender: None. R. Tamargo: None. J. Huang: 2; C; Longeviti. G. Colby: 1; C; Stryker. 2; C; Microvention, Medtronic. A. Coon: 2; C; Medtronic, Microvention, Sequent, Stryker. L. Lin: None.
Development of a new algorithm for implementing the edge effect offset for subsidence calculations

Abstract The surface deformation prediction system (SDPS) program has been developed as an engineering tool for the calculation of subsidence deformation indices through the implementation of various prediction methods. From basic user-defined input parameters, SDPS can determine subsidence indices, such as mining induced displacements, strains, tilt, etc., at any elevation between the seam and the horizontal or varying surface topography. A fundamental parameter in obtaining reliable ground deformation results is the determination of the edge effect offset. The value assigned to the edge effect offset corresponds to a virtual offsetting of boundary lines delineating the extracted panel to allow for roof cantilevering over the mined-out area. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods implemented in updating the edge effect offset algorithm within SDPS. Using proven geometric equations, the newly developed algorithm provides a more robust calculation of the offset boundary of the extracted panel for simplistic as well as more complex mining geometries. Given that an extracted panel is represented by a closed polyline, the new edge offset algorithm calculates a polyline offset into the extracted panel with respect to the user defined edge effect offset distance. Surface deformations are then calculated using this adjusted panel geometry. The Matlab program was utilized for development and testing of the new edge effect offset algorithm. After completing rigorous testing regimes, the new offset algorithm will be integrated into SDPS further increasing the speed and reliability of the program resulting in a retrospective increase in capability and flexibility.