cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effectiveness of social messages on promoting energy conservation behavior in buildings

Abstract Buildings could be transformed into interactive living spaces that communicate with their occupants and influence the way occupants behave in buildings. This paper focuses on investigating the effectiveness of incorporating social influence methods in the design of energy saving messages. Specifically, we examined the use of two classic compliance-gaining strategies that proved to have great influence on behavior in social psychology: foot-in-the-door and reciprocity and compared them to direct request. One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups. Participants in three groups received text based messages that included the same simple energy saving tip. The only difference between the messages was the social influence methods used in framing the messages. Through the use of an immersive virtual environment, we observed the participants' compliance with the messages. Our analysis showed that reciprocity received significantly higher rates of compliance both in the virtual and physical environments. In addition, significant effects were found between the participants' personality traits and their compliance with the messages. We also found carryover effects between the behavior in the virtual part of the experiment and subsequent responses in the physical environment, suggesting participants acted in the same way in both environments.
Low-Iodine Goiter and the Resistance of the Rat to Thyreotropic Stimulation

Summary1. Normal rats receiving pituitary stimulation showed a slight positive thyroid response, as determined by differences in fresh weight, dry matter content, iodine content, and histological picture. 2. Rats with hyperplastic goiters, produced by an iodine-deficient diet, were just as resistant to pituitary stimulation as were the normals, 3. Iodine administration at a level which will just protect the normal rat against thyroid hyperplasia does not affect this resistance. 4. On the basis of the criteria used, the low-iodine hyperplastic goiter seems to differ from the reported spontaneous goiter, in that it does not alter the natural resistance of the rat to thyrotropic stimulation.
Rapid Cytologic Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Interstitial Pneumonia on Touch Imprints from Open-Lung Biopsy

The diagnostic utility of Wright-Giemsa-stained touch imprints for identifying cytomegalovirus (CMV) in open-lung biopsies from marrow transplant recipients was studied. Of 41 consecutive biopsy specimens, 18 had culturally proven CMV, and 15 had typical intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies on permanent histologic sections. Wright-Giemsa-stained touch imprints from ten of the 15 biopsy specimens with CMV had characteristically enlarged cells containing 20-75 round to oval intracytoplasmic inclusions while only rarely containing intranuclear inclusions. The diagnosis of CMV from Wright-Giemsa-staining imprints (10/15) was superior to hematoxylin and eosin (H & E)-stained touch imprints (5/15) and H & E-stained frozen sections (2/15). Two cases of CMV had Papanicolaou-stained imprints that also demonstrated both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions. This simple technic of examining cytologic imprints from open-lung biopsy specimens will rapidly identify more than 50% of all confirmed cases of CMV, allowing earlier and possibly more successful antiviral therapy.
Energy harvesting under excitation of clamped-clamped beam

In this article, a piezoelectric energy harvesting has been developed experimentally and theoretically based on Euler- Bernoulli Theory. A PVDF piezoelectric thick film has attached along of clamped-clamped beam under sinusoidal base excitation of shaker. The results showed a good agreement between the experimental and simulation of suggested model. The voltage output frequency response function (FRF), current FRF, and output power has been studied under short and open circuit conditions at first vibration mode. The mode shape of the clamped-clamped beam for first three resonance frequency has been modeled and investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB.
Harmonic Vibration Synchronization Analysis of Nonlinear Vibration System Based on Frequency Catching Phenomenon

Based on the electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the single-mass nonlinear vibration system, the quantitative described of the frequency catching phenomena for nonlinear vibration system are been carried out. Then considering the mutual influence between the exciting source and the nonlinear vibrating movement of non-ideal nonlinear vibration system, the frequency catching effect of nonlinear vibration system is been researched, and the theoretical conditions for double exciting motors to realize the harmonic vibration synchronization movement based on the frequency catching effect is been deduced also. Based on the coupling model between motors driving system and vibration mechanical system, and the actual measured mechanical characteristic parameters of the experiment rig, the harmonic vibration synchronization problem for double exciting motors under the frequency catching phenomenon is been verified and explained by numerical simulation and experiment. And for non-ideal and nonlinear vibration system the interrelation between the frequency catching phenomenon, the harmonic vibration synchronization conditions and the factors such as nonlinear strength, stiffness, damping and so on are been analyzed. All the research results can used to provide a certain of theoretical support and experimental basis for the frequency catching harmonic vibration synchronization problem research of the nonlinear vibration system which driven by multi-exciting motors.
Increased Serum Thyroid Hormone Binding and Decreased Free Hormone in Chronic Active Liver Disease

To determine whether chronic inflammatory disease of the liver increases serum thyroid hormone binding, we measured tri-iodothyronine resin binding ratios in nine patient with primary biliary cirrhosis and in nine with chronic active hepatitis. In each group, the average binding ratio was about 50 per cent higher than in control subjects. Thyroxinebinding globulin, measured by immunoassay in three patients, was elevated. Although average total thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine were increased slightly, the corresponding free hormone concentrations were lower than controls, probably because of decreased thyroid function associated with the high incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis in nonalcoholic (autoimmune) liver disease. Thyroid autoantibodies were found in 13 patients. Impaired hepatic thyroxine-to -tri-iodothyronine conversion may have contributed to the low free tri-iodothyronine. Thyrotropin was elevated in four patients. Because of increased serum thyroid hormone binding in these patients total thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentration can be normal despite hypothyroidism.
NORAD: Defender of the Genome

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a fascinating, but still largely uncharacterized, class of genes. A recent paper by the Mendell group identifies NORAD, a novel lncRNA that is regulated in response to DNA damage and plays a key role in maintaining genome integrity by modulating the activity the RNA binding proteins PUM2 and PUM1.
Factors affecting coverage of influenza virus A H1N1 vaccine in 2009 at Yanqing County,Beijing

Objective To evaluate factors influencing coverage of influenza virus A H1N1 vaccine in 2009.Methods Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to recruit 108 persons from nine primary and secondary schools,colleges and hospitals in Yanqing county,Beijing for a questionnaire survey. Results Coverage of influenza virus A H1N1 vaccine was influenced by various factors,such as educational level,waiting time,location and office hours for vaccination,publicity for vaccination,and so on,all with statistical significance ( P 0. 05). Television,newspaper and digital web could be used as publicity for relevant knowledge of influenza A H1N1 vaccine,and 94 of 108 persons surveyed thought publicity by the government was appropriate (87. 04% ). Conclusions Residents in Yanqing county,Beijing know well about the government policy of 2009 influenza A H1N1 vaccination,but publicity alone can not improve its coverage.
The Basis of Food Texture Sensation in Drosophila

Food texture has enormous effects on food preferences. However, the mechanosensory cells and key molecules responsible for sensing the physical properties of food are unknown. Here, we show that akin to mammals, the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, prefers food with a specific hardness or viscosity. This food texture discrimination depends upon a previously unknown multidendritic (md-L) neuron, which extends elaborate dendritic arbors innervating the bases of taste hairs. The md-L neurons exhibit directional selectivity in response to mechanical stimuli. Moreover, these neurons orchestrate different feeding behaviors depending on the magnitude of the stimulus. We demonstrate that the single Drosophila transmembrane channel-like (TMC) protein is expressed in md-L neurons, where it is required for sensing two key textural features of food-hardness and viscosity. We propose that md-L neurons are long sought after mechanoreceptor cells through which food mechanics are perceived and encoded by a taste organ, and that this sensation depends on TMC. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Culturally Relevant Education: Extending the Conversation to Religious Diversity

Culturally relevant education represents a wide collection of pedagogies of opposition to social injustice and holds a commitment to collective empowerment and social justice. By using culturally relevant education as a framework, we make the case to include religious diversity as a part of culturally relevant education intentionally. We believe that by opening the dialogue to include religious diversity, we are working together as educators to promote social justice in schools that benefits all children regardless of their religious backgrounds. We synthesize successful examples of culturally relevant education in connection to religion. Further, we argue for teacher educators to incorporate discussion of religious diversity as part of multicultural and social justice teacher education.
An investigation of the daylighting simulation techniques and sky modeling practices for occupant centric evaluations

Abstract Occupant centric performance approaches in daylighting studies promote design decisions that support human visual comfort, productivity, and visual preferences, along with more conventional energy efficiency criteria. Simulating per-pixel luminance values and luminance distribution patterns for the entire scene allows us to analyze the occupant centric metrics and performance criteria. However, there are a number of different sky models, complex fenestration models, and simulation techniques that produce either conventional point in time images or annual luminance maps. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between different techniques; and a comparison analyses provides insight about their impact on occupant centric lighting measures. The comparisons for sky modeling include the conventional CIE skies (Clear, Intermediate, and Overcast), measurement based CIE models, Perez all-weather skies, and high dynamic range image based skies. The comparison of simulation techniques include point in time simulations, image based lighting simulations, and annual luminance simulations (three-phase and five-phase methods). Results demonstrate that measurement based sky models match real world conditions with reasonable proximity, and generic CIE skies consistently underestimate the indoor lighting conditions. Annual simulation methods provide a large database of temporal luminance variations, where individual instances are comparable to point in time simulations. Long term luminance simulations provide opportunities to evaluate the percentage of the year that a given luminance based criteria is met or violated.
The Calculation of Language Lateralization Indices in Post-stroke Aphasia: A Comparison of a Standard and a Lesion-Adjusted Formula.

Background: The language lateralization index (LI) is a valuable tool in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, especially in people with post-stroke aphasia. However, there is inconsistent consideration for the overlap of lesions with regions of interest (ROIs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether standard LI (SLI) and lesion-adjusted LI (LALI) formulae generate different LI values and language lateralization classification for people with post-stroke chronic aphasia. Methods: SLI and LALI were calculated for an event-related (overt) verb generation task in an anterior and a posterior language regions of interest (ROI). Twelve people with aphasia due to a single left-hemispheric infarct (11 right-handed; 1 left-handed; 77.2 ± 41.7 months post-stroke) were included (8 females; 57 ± 8.88 years). Spearman correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine the relationship of the LI values generated by the SLI and the LALI formulas. Fischer’s exact test and a weighted Cohen’s Kappa determined the difference in language lateralization classification and agreement in the classification. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between the difference in lateralization values produced by the LALI and SLI calculations with (1) lesion size, (2) the percentage of lesion overlap in each ROI, and (3) aphasia severity. Results: The two calculation methods were highly correlated and produced similar LI Values, yet yielded significantly different classification for language lateralization. Further, a more leftward LI resulted from application of the LALI formula in 10 participants, in either the anterior ROI (n = 3) or the posterior ROI (n = 7). Finally, for the posterior ROI only, significant correlations were revealed between the two calculation methods and the (1) lesion size and (2) percent of overlap with the ROI. Discussion: While both approaches produce highly correlated LI values, differences in activation lateralization between formulas were observed, including changes in lateralization classification. Examination of the issues raised in the current investigation need to be replicated with a larger sample to determine the utility of a LALI formula in predicting behavioral performance; the findings may have implications for understanding and interpreting fMRI data of people with post-stroke aphasia.
Carne viva: Engaging Simulations on Immigration in Iowa

This article reports on innovative methods to explore the human impact of immigration policies. In particular it highlights how the personal stories of Guatemalan migrants affected by the May, 2008 ICE raid in Postville, Iowa were developed into classroom activities and compelling community performances to create social engagement around issues related to immigration. The article documents the production of several simulations (interactive performance events) that cast participants in the roles of an array of community members in various settings where immigration can be a source of tension. By living the experiences of different elements of society, participants were drawn to explore their own roles in real life in the context of their own communities. According to the documented responses of participants, we find that within the parameters of the simulation, individuals "live" the complexity of a rapidly-diversifying population and become acutely aware of the ramifications of a system of laws and social...
URIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN INFLUENZA VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE VACCINE PRODUCED IN TRICHOPLUSIA NI LIVING BIOFACTORIES

Trichoplusia ni pupae can serve as living biofactories for production of virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines through expression of only a few viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix protein 1 (M1). Compared to other types of inactivated virus, split virus, LAIV and recombinant flu vaccines and their associated manufacturing methods, the use of T . ni for production of flu VLPs could potentially improve the safety, immunogenicity, and efficient and economic production of influenza vaccines. The goal of my work is to establish an effective method for purification of flu VLPs from T . ni . Extracts of T. ni pupae were prepared in phenylthiourea, PMSF, and formalin to prevent melanization and degradation of viral proteins. The extract was then differentially centrifuged at 1,500 - g and 11,000 — g, followed by a final discontinuous sucrose gradient (27-30- 60%) at 97,000 — g to obtain VLP particles. Samples at various steps of the purification process were analyzed using Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE, Western immunoblots with anti-HA and anti-M1 polyclonal antibodies, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Enrichment of the VLP proteins, HA and M1, was observed in successive steps of the purification process. TEM images showed that VLPs were indeed produced, and exhibited similar morphology to influenza viruses. These results demonstrate successful purification of a candidate VLP vaccine produced in T . ni pupae.
Pediatric Development of Molecularly Targeted Oncology Drugs

Oncology products developed for adult cancers often receive full waivers of pediatric studies. This analysis retrospectively identified products with potential pediatric development opportunities despite a full waiver. Initial pediatric study plans submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration from 2012 to 2016 for oncology products with plans to request full waivers of pediatric studies were reviewed to determine if a scientific rationale existed for pediatric evaluation based on the molecular mechanism of action (MOA), clinical experience, nonclinical evidence, or published genome sequencing data. Of the 98 oncology products reviewed, pediatric studies were eventually conducted in 55 (56%) despite having a waiver, 33 additional (34%) products were considered to have a rationale for pediatric evaluation but were not studied, and 10 (10%) products had no current evidence to support pediatric development. Conducting pediatric studies based on molecular MOA, rather than indication, provides opportunities to evaluate products earlier and accelerate pediatric oncology drug development.
Formal Research Experiences for First Year Students: A Key to Greater Diversity in Computing?

Underrepresented students in computing (women and non-White/non-Asian men) are known to feel a weaker sense of belonging than majority students (Asian/White men). This difference is important because a low sense of belonging can lead to disengagement and attrition in education settings. In the current study, we assessed whether and how early formal research experience might narrow this gap in sense of belonging. The sample for this study derives from a longitudinal study on undergraduate students affiliated with computing departments across the United States. We used propensity scores to generate an appropriate sub-sample of students to compare against formal research participants (n = 110 formal research students; n = 110 students with no formal research experience). We found formal research experience during students/ first year was associated with a strong sense of mentor support during their second year. Perceived mentor support predicted a strong sense of belonging for underrepresented students, but not majority students. Importantly, the typical gap in sense of belonging among underrepresented and majority students disappeared among students with high mentor support. Our work suggests that formal research, when introduced early, might promote greater diversity in computing in the long term. We present a model for early undergraduate research, and resources for readers who wish to adopt the model.
Surgical techniques for renal artery revascularization

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the surgical techniques for renal artery revascularization. The choice of operative treatment for renovascular hypertension is primarily based on the findings of renal arteriography. A hypertensive patient is a candidate for renal revascularization if significant obstructive lesions in one or more renal arteries are present. The intravenous pyelogram is a moderately reliable screening procedure. It may show reduced kidney size, delayed excretion, and late contrast density. Scan technique is a useful monitor of viable parenchymal tissue. Split renal function tests give information on the degree of functional changes in both kidneys but are painful and usually unnecessary. Renal-systemic renin indices as a means of prognostication for renal artery reconstruction are useful when definitive assays are obtained. Intraoperative open renal biopsy to distinguish infarction from renal parenchymal ischemia may be useful in deciding between nephrectomy and renal reconstruction. A midline incision is made from the xiphoid to the pubis to expose the upper and middle abdominal aorta and the renal arteries. The standard renal incisions through the flank or back are unsatisfactory because of inadequate exposure of the adjacent aorta and the opposite renal artery.
Vietnam's Transition to a Market Economy: The Use of NME Standards in Dumping and Countervailing Investigations: or What Happened to Me On the Way to Rome?

There is no question that Vietnam has made significant progress in its march to revamp its system to respond to and participate actively in the global economy. It has done this by embracing market principles and freeing up its enormous potential to grow and compete. The U.S. government has played an active role in encouraging Vietnam to take these steps under the Bilateral Trade Agreement and as Vietnam moves forward in its effort to accede to the World Trade Organization.Despite what appears to be an environment of predictable certainty for foreign investors in the Vietnamese market, the November 8, 2002 decision by the US Department of Commerce to designate Vietnam a non-market economy (NME) for purposes of U.S. trade remedy laws is inconsistent with its earlier decisions with respect to Russia and other FSU countries.So what happened to Vietnam on the way to Rome? This paper demonstrates the inconsistency between elements of the US Government, some supporting Vietnam's march to economic development while others placed unnecessary constraints in its path. In 2001 Vietnam passed the market test and became a partner in the US-Vietnam BTA. In 2002, with a new US Administration, Vietnam failed the test. On the way to Rome it learned the lesson of time-inconstancy when you are playing in an asymmetric game with a giant. The experience in the 2002 US decision is instructive of the process of Vietnam's accession to the WTO.
Santa Barbara and Rudee Inlet Experiments

Depth contours off Leadbetter Beach are neither straight nor parallel (Figure 1B-2). Therefore, a linear array, as described in the preceding section, could not be employed since it requires a constant relationship between wave numbers and frequencies along its length. Further, the contours suggest a significant longshore variation in the incident wave field. Two compact arrays were selected as the measurement scheme to provide some capability to measure longshore variation. Because these arrays are significantly smaller than the linear array, they reduce the problem of wave number variation. Each array consists of four bottom-mounted pressure sensors at the corners of a 6 m square. This arrangement allows the measurement of two components of local sea surface slope. These measurements provide an unbiased estimate of the longshore component of radiation stress as shown in Higgins et al. (1981). For beaches which have straight and parallel contours, this statistic can be used to estimate longshore transport as described in Seymour and Higgins (1978). At Santa Barbara, conservation of longshore radiation stress is not predicted by linear wave theory, and a more complicated procedure is required, as described below.
Analysis of Two-Stage Adaptive Trial Designs

In the past decade, adaptive design methods in clinical research have attracted much attention because it offers not only the principal investigators potential flexibility for identifying clinical benefit of a test treatment under investigation, but also efficiency for speeding up the development process. The FDA adaptive design draft guidance defines an adaptive design as a clinical study that includes a prospectively planned opportunity for modification of one or more specified aspects of the study design and hypotheses based on analysis of data (usually interim data) from subjects in the study.
Chest computed tomography imaging improves potential lung donor assessment

Abstract Objective Chest computed tomography (CT) imaging is being increasingly used for potential lung donor assessment. However, the efficacy of CT imaging in this setting remains unknown. We hypothesize that chest CT imaging independently affects the decision-making process in donor lung utilization. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult donation after brain death donors managed through our local organ procurement organization from June 2011 to November 2016. An experienced thoracic radiologist independently reviewed donor chest CT and chest x-ray images in a blinded, standardized manner to determine the presence of structural lung disease (eg, emphysema, interstitial lung disease [ILD]) and acute abnormalities (eg, traumatic lung injury [TLI]). Distinct models of lung utilization were fit to groups with initial partial pressure of oxygen (iPaO 2 ) ≤300 mm Hg (suboptimal) and iPaO 2 >300 mm Hg (optimal). Results The organ procurement organization managed 753 donors during the study period, with a lung utilization rate ([lung donors/all organ donors] × 100) of 36.5% (275 of 753). Four hundred forty-five (59.1%) donors received chest CT imaging, revealing emphysema (13.7%), ILD (2.5%), and TLI (7.2%). In univariate analysis, findings of TLI (odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-4.61) were positively associated with lung utilization, whereas findings of emphysema (OR, 0.18; CI, 0.08-0.40) were negatively associated with utilization. In multivariate analysis, CT findings of emphysema (OR, 0.21; CI 0.08-0.54) remained negatively associated with utilization. No potential donors with CT findings of ILD became lung donors. After controlling for chest x-ray findings, chest CT imaging findings of structural lung disease remained negatively associated with utilization ( P = .0001). Lung utilization rate in the suboptimal and optimal iPaO 2 populations was 35.1% and 41.4%, respectively, and CT findings of emphysema had a significant association with nonutilization in both groups. Conclusions In the evaluation of potential lung donors, chest CT imaging findings of structural lung disease, such as emphysema and ILD, have a significant negative association with lung utilization. Our findings suggest that chest CT imaging might be an important adjunct to conventional lung donor assessment criteria.
On the effective spectral emissivity of clear skies and the radiative cooling potential of selectively designed materials

Abstract Thermophotonic devices are optically designed to be spectrally selective in order to reject heat to outer space through atmospheric windows of low thermal absorption. The determination of thermal equilibrium temperatures for thermophotonic devices requires the knowledge of the effective spectral emissivity of the sky. In this work, individual contributions of participating gases and aerosols to the spectral values of the sky emissivity are analyzed in the entire infrared spectrum as well as in seven distinct bands for which water vapor either dominates or is virtually transparent to infrared radiation. We also propose high-fidelity correlations for the effective sky emissivity as functions of the normalized ambient partial pressure of water vapor ( p w ) for both broadband and for the seven spectral bands. The correlations are derived using a combination of ground experimental data, high resolution spectral data for the main atmospheric constituents and spectral models to reconstruct the spectral distribution of infrared thermal radiation from the atmosphere to the ground. These results enable direct calculation of the equilibrium temperature and cooling efficiency of radiative cooling devices in terms of meteorological conditions observed at the surface level. For hot and dry conditions, the passive radiative coolers have a cooling potential of 150.8 W m−2 while for humid conditions, the coolers are mostly ineffective.
Frequency-adaptive bilinear reduced-order model for structures with intermittent contacts

Computing the nonlinear forced response of structures with localized nonlinearity, such as intermittent contacts, is a time-intensive task. Temporal and spatial reduction methods are beneficial in making nonlinear analyses affordable especially during design iterations. In this paper, reduced-order models for structures with intermittent contacts are presented. Models for such systems are reduced by projection onto a basis of normal modes computed by enforcing special boundary conditions at the contact surfaces. The resulting low-order models are used to obtain the forced response by the harmonic balance method. A frequency-adaptive method is used to efficiently estimate the contact area during vibrations and establish the special boundary conditions to be used for reduction. Furthermore, the novel approach is developed to be adaptive in that it creates reduced-order models of different sizes at different frequencies. The proposed method is applied to three test cases to demonstrate its effectiveness and its numerical efficiency.
Treatment delays in localized breast cancer: A NCDB analysis.

e18023Background: Breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death despite continued advances. Delayed treatment results in worse outcomes. Association with treatment location and tre...
O10 From Idea to Reality: Addressing College Food Insecurity with a Farm-to-Fork Initiative

Objective To develop, implement, and evaluate Farm-to-Fork, a free weekly meal program for college students that integrates social, sustainable, local, and educational elements at the University of Kentucky (UK). Use of Theory or Research Of the 1,854 students surveyed at UK, 43% experience some level of food insecurity while the majority of student focus group participants (n = 33) shared specific challenges related to affording healthful food, including fresh fruits and vegetables (FV). Research suggests a need for more nutrition education for college students, as more than half of students in one large study did not receive nutrition-related information and desired such information from the university. Target Audience Farm-to-Fork targets food insecure college students at UK. Program Description Farm-to-Fork offers a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach using the socioecological model with policy, system, and environment changes. Within the community-level and individual-level environment, Farm-to-Fork partners with various entities, while addressing student's physical, social, and economic environment, by providing educational resources, healthy lunchtime meals using recovered foods and produce, and a stigma-free social space to approximately 120 students weekly. Evaluation Methods Electronic surveys from students at Farm-to-Fork were recorded weekly for 12 weeks. Results In Fall 2018, Farm-to-Fork served 1,397 meals to 574 individuals and 70 student volunteers dedicated 400 hours. The average cost per meal was only 61 cents as a result of 1,100 pounds of recovered foods with an estimated value of $1,837 utilized for the meals. Of the 153 students completing an online survey about the Farm-to-Fork program, 65% experienced some level of food insecurity and 83% did not consume foods from the five food groups daily. FV were the most common food groups lacking in the diet. Though improvement suggestions were related to the meal quality and quantity, 96% provided positive feedback on the meal quality. Conclusions Findings from the Farm-to-Fork initiative suggest that it is effective, and there is a need for innovative programming that addresses college food insecurity to promote student success and wellness. Funding University of Kentucky Student Opportunity Grant from Food Connection.
Constructive shear wave interference imaging to characterize skin sclerosis

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) and Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) have been shown to have value in quantifying the stiffness of skin in sclerotic disease processes, such as morphea and Graph-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD). Quantifying the stiffness of sclerotic skin can have clinical value in longitudinal monitoring of disease progress and the response of the disease to therapeutic measures. Skin, however, presents some unique challenges to characterizing shear elasticity. The fibrosis in sclerotic skin can create very stiff elastic moduli, resulting in shear wave speeds that can exceed 5-6 m/s, causing (1) the displacements generated in these tissues to be small (single microns) and (2) challenges in tracking the waves as they propagate given limitations in the pulse repetition frequency of the tracking beams on commercial systems. A novel approach to measuring shear elasticity in the skin has been developed to help overcome these challenges. While traditional SWEI methods typically involve the generation of a single acoustic radiation force excitation and track the resultant shear wave at a series of spatially-offset positions, Constructive Shearwave Interference (CSI) imaging generates acoustic radiation force in a ring, and the resultant shear waves propagate towards the center of that ring, where they constructively interfere. Using the known radius of the excitation ring, the shear wave speed can be estimated by the arrival time of the shear wave front at the center of the ring, where the displacement amplitude is greatly increased through the constructive interference process. The feasibility of the CSI technology has been demonstrated in silico, and a custom acoustic radiation force excitation ring transducer has been developed with a center tracking piston to validate the CSI technology in tissue-mimicking phantoms of layered media. A clinical study in patients with chronic GVHD is being conducted to demonstrate the clinical utility of this technology and compare it to traditional SWEI methods.
On Death and Dying at the Beginning of Life: Grieving the Stillborn Baby.

Stillbirth is the leading cause of infant loss. According to the March of Dimes, 1 in 100 births in the U.S. or 24,000 births a year end in stillbirth. Medical risk factors for stillbirth include o...
Prostate Cancer Incidence 5 Years After US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations Against Screening.

Background Previous studies reported that prostate cancer incidence rates in the United States declined for local-stage disease and increased for regional- and distant-stage disease following the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against prostate-specific antigen-based screening for men aged 75 years and older in 2008 and for all men in 2012. It is unknown, however, whether these patterns persisted through 2016. Methods Based on the US Cancer Statistics Public Use Research Database, we examined temporal trends in invasive prostate cancer incidence from 2005 to 2016 in men aged 50 years and older stratified by stage (local, regional, and distant), age group (50-74 years and 75 years and older), and race and ethnicity (all races and ethnicities, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks) with joinpoint regression models to estimate annual percent changes. Tests of statistical significance are 2-sided (P Results For all races and ethnicities combined, incidence for local-stage disease declined beginning in 2007 in men aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older, although the decline stabilized during 2013-2016 in men aged 75 years and older. Incidence decreased by 6.4% (95% CI = 4.9%-9% to 7.9%) per year from 2007 to 2016 in men aged 50-74 years and by 10.7% (95% CI = 6.2% to 15.0%) per year from 2007 to 2013 in men aged 75 years and older. In contrast, incidence for regional- and distant-stage disease increased in both age groups during the study period. For example, distant-stage incidence in men aged 75 years and older increased by 5.2% (95% CI = 4.2% to 6.1%) per year from 2010 to 2016. Conclusions Regional- and distant-stage prostate cancer incidence continue to increase in the United States in men aged 50 years and older, and future studies are needed to identify reasons for the rising trends.
Nonclassical Field Correlations in Quantum Optics

The manifestly quantum or nonclassical character of the electromagnetic field is investigated in several optical experiments. Nonclassical correlations as manifest in measurements of photon statistics and of quadrature phase amplitudes offer possibilities for detection strategies with sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit and for quantitative studies of quantum state reduction in a dissipative setting.
A COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF CAGED LAYERS FED SORGIIUM GRAIN OR PEARL MILLET

Two 280-day trials, each involving 468, 22-week-old caged commercial egg-strain pullets were conducted to Compare millet and sorghum grain as the main source of energy in laying diets. Diets containing 59.2 and 0, 41.0 and 24.0, 31.2 and 36.3 and 0 and 72.5% of sorghum grain and pearl millet, respectively, were studied in both trials The diets containing millet supported egg production, egg weight, feed conversion and egg shell thickness equivalent to those of the all-sorghum diet. Except in Trial 1, feed consumption of the pullets fed the millet-containing diets was not significantly lower than that of the pullets fed the all-sorghum diet. Haugh unit values tended to decrease as the level of millet was decreased. Feeding millet at a level as high as 72.5% Of the diet may have adverse effects on egg specific gravity and haugh units
Noncooperative Sub-6GHz Reconfigurable Antenna DoA Estimation to Aid mmWave Analog Beamforming: Algorithm and Measurements

Envisioned analog beamforming, high-gain, phased antenna array systems operating at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies require a fast beam selection process for practical implementation in mobile units in a changing propagation environment. This paper proposes a novel direction of arrival (DoA) estimation technique using a single RF chain reconfigurable Alford loop antenna at sub-6GHz frequencies to facilitate a rapid optimal beam selection process at mmWave frequencies. Measurement-based DoA estimation, demonstration of reduced beam scanning overhead at mmWave frequencies, and design of a software-defined-radio (SDR)-based testbed for evaluating the proposed integrated system are addressed.
Liquidity Commonality and Return Co-Movement

We show that liquidity commonality is due to co-movements in supply and demand induced by cross-sectional correlation in order types (market and limit orders), while return commonality is caused by correlation in order flows (order direction and size). Since return and liquidity commonality are caused by different economic forces, it is possible for assets to have little return correlations but high liquidity commonality. Based on extensive simulations and empirical evidence using ASX data, we conclude that it is important to consider not only liquidity, which has been shown to be a priced factor, but also liquidity commonality in asset pricing applications.
Role of Pairwise Reactions on the Synthesis of Li0.3La0.57TiO3 and the Resulting Structure-Property Correlations.

The performance of single-ion conductors is highly sensitive to the material's defect chemistry. Tuning these defects is limited for solid-state reactions as they occur at particle-particle interfaces, which provide a complex evolving energy landscape for atomic rearrangement and product formation. In this report, we investigate the (1) order of addition and (2) lithium precursor decomposition temperature and their effect on the synthesis and grain boundary conductivity of the perovskite lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO). We use an intimately mixed sol-gel, a solid-state reaction of Li precursor + La2O3 + TiO2, and Li precursor + amorphous La0.57TiOx as different chemical routes to change the way in which the elements are brought together. The results show that the perovskite can accommodate a wide range of Li deficiencies (upward of 50%) while maintaining the tetragonal LLTO structure, indicating that X-ray diffraction (XRD) is insufficient to fully characterize the chemical nature of the product (i.e., Li-deficient LLTO may behave differently than stoichiometric LLTO). Variations in the relative intensities of different reflections in XRD suggest variations in the La ordering within the crystal structure between synthesis methods. Furthermore, the choice of the precursor and the order of addition of the reactants lower the time required to form a pure phase. Density functional theory calculations of the formation energy of possible reaction intermediates support the hypothesis that a greater thermodynamic driving force to form LLTO leads to a greater LLTO yield. The retention of lithium is correlated with the thermal decomposition temperature of the Li precursor and the starting material mixing strategy. Taking the results together suggests that cations that share a site with Li should be mixed early to avoid ordering. Such cation ordering inhibits Li motion, leading to higher Li ion resistance.
Realizing the Potential of Mobile Mental Health: New Methods for New Data in Psychiatry

Smartphones are now ubiquitous and can be harnessed to offer psychiatry a wealth of real-time data regarding patient behavior, self-reported symptoms, and even physiology. The data collected from smartphones meet the three criteria of big data: velocity, volume, and variety. Although these data have tremendous potential, transforming them into clinically valid and useful information requires using new tools and methods as a part of assessment in psychiatry. In this paper, we introduce and explore numerous analytical methods and tools from the computational and statistical sciences that appear readily applicable to psychiatric data collected using smartphones. By matching smartphone data with appropriate statistical methods, psychiatry can better realize the potential of mobile mental health and empower both patients and providers with novel clinical tools.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis

The squamous epithelium, which comprises the outermost barrier to the environment, functions as the primary initial site of xenobiotic insult. Following xenobiotic insult, the epithelium responds by producing a complex inflammatory micro-environment. During inflammation, hyperplasia, edema as well as leukocyte infiltration are typically observed (Adams, 1993). Stromal cells, keratinocytes in the case of the skin, resident immune-type dendritic cells, and infiltrating leukocytes release an array of cytokines and inflammatory mediators that regulate the inflammatory process. Initially, these mediators induce increased vascular permeability, which in turn facilitates an influx of serum-derived factors including complement, hormones, leukotrienes and cytokines (Camp, 1990, Gallo, 1989). These mediators then enhance recruitment of additional leukocytes to the site of xenobiotic insult as well as stimulating the proliferation of resident epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This later effect is required for the resolution of inflammation and successful wound repair (Friedman, 1993, Knighton, 1991, Kupper, 1990).
EMISSION ACTIVITY ON T TAURI STARS

This is a review of the efforts to understand the excess line and continuum emission in the optical and ultraviolet spectra of T Tauri stars. One of the current hypotheses about what kind of physical region gives rise to these spectral tracers is that there is extreme chromospheric activity on the surface of these very young stars. The successes and failures of this theory are discussed, as is the spectral diagnostic approach which can be used to evaluate it. While there is no doubt that strong classical chromospheric activity is present on these stars, it also appears that it is insufficient to explain the more extreme spectral anomalies. A brief discussion of the most successful alternative, boundary layer emission from continuing disk accretion, is also given. Particular attention is paid to the pressing problem of how to distinguish between the two alternatives with observations.
An inverse source problem for a variable speed wave equation with discrete-in-time sources

We consider a time-dependent inverse source problem for the inhomogeneous wave equation, with sources that are delta-like in time, and (roughly speaking) non-negative and of limited oscillation in space. We take the displacement of the wave on a fixed detection surface, over some time interval, as our data. We then use time-reversal from the boundary to generate a related waveform, and discuss how to identify sources (as well as artifacts) from this.
What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets

Background Twitter can address the challenges of the current Ebola outbreak surveillance. The aims of this study are to demonstrate the use of Twitter as a real-time method of Ebola outbreak surveillance to monitor information spread, capture early epidemic detection, and examine content of public knowledge and attitudes. Methods We collected tweets mentioning Ebola in English during the early stage of the current Ebola outbreak from July 24-August 1, 2014. Our analysis for this observational study includes time series analysis with geologic visualization to observe information dissemination and content analysis using natural language processing to examine public knowledge and attitudes. Results A total of 42,236 tweets (16,499 unique and 25,737 retweets) mentioning Ebola were posted and disseminated to 9,362,267,048 people, 63 times higher than the initial number. Tweets started to rise in Nigeria 3-7 days prior to the official announcement of the first probable Ebola case. The topics discussed in tweets include risk factors, prevention education, disease trends, and compassion. Conclusion Because of the analysis of a unique Twitter dataset captured in the early stage of the current Ebola outbreak, our results provide insight into the intersection of social media and public health outbreak surveillance. Findings demonstrate the usefulness of Twitter mining to inform public health education.