cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracerebral Hemorrhage with Hypothyroidism

Background Hypothyroidism is associated with increased ischemic stroke risk but paradoxically results in more favorable outcomes once a stroke occurs. Whether a similar pattern emerges in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown. Methods A retrospective analysis of a prospective stroke center database was performed to analyze the clinical presentation and outcomes of hypothyroid patients with spontaneous ICH. Patients were classified into groups with no history of thyroid disease (n = 491) versus those with hypothyroidism (n = 72). Hypothyroid patients were further classified into patients receiving thyroid replacement on admission or those without replacement. The Glasgow Coma Scale, ICH score, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used to assess the initial severity. Outcome was assessed by admission to discharge change in the NIHSS and modified Barthel Index (mBI), in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition and mortality, and the mBI at 3 and 12 months. Results There were 563 patients in the analysis. Seventy-two patients had a history of hypothyroidism, and of these, 63% received thyroid hormone replacement. Patients receiving replacement had significantly lower NIHSS at presentation (median 4 [IQR 1, 11]) compared with either the control group (median 8 [IQR 3, 16]) or hypothyroid patients without replacement (median 9 [IQR 3.8, 15.5]; P = .004). There was no difference in in-hospital and 3-month mortality or functional outcomes at 3 and 12 months among the groups. Conclusions This study suggests that the history of hypothyroidism does not affect clinical severity or outcome after ICH.
In-Hospital Mortality and Morbidity After Robotic Coronary Artery Surgery

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the impact of robotic approaches on outcomes of coronary bypass surgery. Design Retrospective national database analysis. Setting United States hospitals. Participants A weighted sample of 484,128 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery surgery identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2008 through 2010. Interventions Robotically assisted coronary artery bypass surgery versus conventional bypass surgery. Measurements and Main Results Robotic approaches were used in 2,582 patients (0.4%). Patients undergoing robotic surgery were less likely to be female (odds ratio [OR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.87), present with acute myocardial infarction (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38-0.73), or have cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.71) compared to patients undergoing conventional surgery. In 59% of robotic cases, a single bypass was performed, and 2 bypasses were performed in 25% of cases. After adjusting for comorbidity, reduced postoperative stroke (0.0% v 1.5%, p = 0.045) and transfusion (13.5% v 24.4%, p = 0.001) rates were observed in patients who underwent robotic single-bypass surgery compared to conventional surgery. In patients undergoing multiple bypass grafts, higher mortality (1.1% v 0.5%), and cardiovascular complications (12.2% v 10.6%) were observed when robotic assistance was used, but the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.5). The mean number of robotic cases carried out annually at institutions sampled was 6. Conclusions Robotic assistance is associated with lower rates of postoperative complications in highly selected patients undergoing single coronary artery bypass surgery, but the benefits of this approach are reduced in patients who require multiple coronary artery bypass grafts.
Tricin, A Flavonoid Monomer in Monocot Lignification

Tricin was recently discovered in lignin preparations from wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw and subsequently in all monocot samples examined. To provide proof that tricin is involved in lignification and establish the mechanism by which it incorporates into the lignin polymer, the 4′-O-β-coupling products of tricin with the monolignols (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols) were synthesized along with the trimer that would result from its 4′-O-β-coupling with sinapyl alcohol and then coniferyl alcohol. Tricin was also found to cross couple with monolignols to form tricin-(4′-O-β)-linked dimers in biomimetic oxidations using peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide or silver (I) oxide. Nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of gel permeation chromatography-fractionated acetylated maize (Zea mays) lignin revealed that the tricin moieties are found in even the highest molecular weight fractions, ether linked to lignin units, demonstrating that tricin is indeed incorporated into the lignin polymer. These findings suggest that tricin is fully compatible with lignification reactions, is an authentic lignin monomer, and, because it can only start a lignin chain, functions as a nucleation site for lignification in monocots. This initiation role helps resolve a long-standing dilemma that monocot lignin chains do not appear to be initiated by monolignol homodehydrodimerization as they are in dicots that have similar syringyl-guaiacyl compositions. The term flavonolignin is recommended for the racemic oligomers and polymers of monolignols that start from tricin (or incorporate other flavonoids) in the cell wall, in analogy with the existing term flavonolignan that is used for the low-molecular mass compounds composed of flavonoid and lignan moieties.
Estimation and tests of hypotheses for the initial mean and covariance in the kalman filter model

Kalman filtering techniques are widely used by engineers to recursively estimate random signal parameters which are essentially coefficients in a large-scale time series regression model. These Bayesian estimators depend on the values assumed for the mean and covariance parameters associated with the initial state of the random signal. This paper considers a likelihood approach to estimation and tests of hypotheses involving the critical initial means and covariances. A computationally simple convergent iterative algorithm is used to generate estimators which depend only on standard Kalman filter outputs at each successive stage. Conditions are given under which the maximum likelihood estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. The procedure is illustrated using a typical large-scale data set involving 10-dimensional signal vectors.
On the symbolic topology of an ideal

Abstract For an ideal I in a Noetherian ring, it is proved that the I-adic and the I-symbolic topologies are equivalent if and only if the only essential prime divisors of I are its minimal associated primes. We investigate rings where these two topologies are linearly equivalent for all ideals. Locally unmixed rings are characterized as those Noetherian rings in which these two topologies are equivalent for every ideal of the principal class. An example is given to show that two results given by O. Zariski and P. Samuel (“Commutative Algebra,” Vol. II, p. 274, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ. 1960) in this area are not true as stated.
Bilaminar Co-culture of Primary Rat Cortical Neurons and Glia

This video will guide you through the process of culturing rat cortical neurons in the presence of a glial feeder layer, a system known as a bilaminar or co-culture model. This system is suitable for a variety of experimental needs requiring either a glass or plastic growth substrate and can also be used for culture of other types of neurons. Rat cortical neurons obtained from the late embryonic stage (E17) are plated on glass coverslips or tissue culture dishes facing a feeder layer of glia grown on dishes or plastic coverslips (known as Thermanox), respectively. The choice between the two configurations depends on the specific experimental technique used, which may require, or not, that neurons are grown on glass (e.g. calcium imaging versus Western blot). The glial feeder layer, an astroglia-enriched secondary culture of mixed glia, is separately prepared from the cortices of newborn rat pups (P2-4) prior to the neuronal dissection. A major advantage of this culture system as compared to a culture of neurons only is the support of neuronal growth, survival, and differentiation provided by trophic factors secreted from the glial feeder layer, which more accurately resembles the brain environment in vivo. Furthermore, the co-culture can be used to study neuronal-glial interactions(1). At the same time, glia contamination in the neuronal layer is prevented by different means (low density culture, addition of mitotic inhibitors, lack of serum and use of optimized culture medium) leading to a virtually pure neuronal layer, comparable to other established methods(1-3). Neurons can be easily separated from the glial layer at any time during culture and used for different experimental applications ranging from electrophysiology(4), cellular and molecular biology(5-8), biochemistry(5), imaging and microscopy(4,6,7,9,10). The primary neurons extend axons and dendrites to form functional synapses(11), a process which is not observed in neuronal cell lines, although some cell lines do extend processes. A detailed protocol of culturing rat hippocampal neurons using this co-culture system has been described previously(4,12,13). Here we detail a modified protocol suited for cortical neurons. As approximately 20x10(6) cells are recovered from each rat embryo, this method is particularly useful for experiments requiring large numbers of neurons (but not concerned about a highly homogenous neuronal population). The preparation of neurons and glia needs to be planned in a time-specific manner. We will provide the step-by-step protocol for culturing rat cortical neurons as well as culturing glial cells to support the neurons.
Quantifying Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water volumes

[1] A near-global census of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) is essayed through a nonnegative least squares analysis of conservative and quasi-conservative seawater properties. AABW thickness generally decreases from south to north, modulated by ocean bathymetry. Likewise, NADW thickness generally decreases from north to south in the Atlantic Ocean. NADW dominates below the thermocline of the Atlantic Ocean at least as far south as the subtropical gyre of the South Atlantic, with a lesser, but still significant, influence around the entire Antarctic Circumpolar Current, in the Indian Ocean, and in the Pacific Ocean. However, in the Pacific and Indian oceans, AABW dominates below the thermocline. In addition, measurable quantities of AABW reach into the abyssal North Atlantic on both sides of the mid-Atlantic Ridge. The census results suggest that AABW occupies roughly twice the volume of NADW in the three main oceans, and that AABW is in contact with roughly twice the area of the deep main ocean floor compared with NADW. However, these results are somewhat sensitive to choices of water masses, their values of seawater properties, and the weightings of the seawater properties used in the analysis.
Schizoaffective Illness Defies the Dichotomy … and Keeps DSM-III Pondering

Models proposed to account for patients eventually labeled "schizoaffective" are traced historically. It is demonstrated that these patients represent a distinct clinical entity, and diagnostic criteria are then applied to reevaluate the position of schizoaffective disorder in our current and future nosology. Schizoaffective illness is held to be the example, par excellence, that defies the validity of Kraepelin's original dichotomy.
Re: Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Issue on Communities of Solution

To the Editor: We appreciated the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine issue (May/June 2013) dedicated to communities of solution (COSs) and believe that this topic enhances meaningful conversation around the role of health care institutions in improving individual and population health
Induction of trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants by metal ions in L5178Y/TK+/− cells

7 inorganic metal salts including magnesium chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride, zinc chloride, cobalt(II) chloride, lead acetate, sodium arsenate, and the platinum coordination complex, trans-platinum(II) diaminedichloride, were tested for the potential to induce trifluorothymidine-resistant (TFTRes) mutants in L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cell by directly exposing cells to varied doses of each compound for 3 h. Of these 8 chemicals, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride, and trans-platinum(II) diaminedichloride consistently produced dose-related increases in the absolute number of TFTRes mutants as well as increases in mutation frequencies at compound concentrations permitting greater than 20% survival. Trans-platinum(II) diaminedichloride was a particularly effective mutagen, comparable to the direct-acting mutagen, methyl methanesulfonate. 15 representative TFTRes mutant cell clones derived from cultures originally treated with either the cadmium, or nickel, or platinum compounds were first grown out for 7 days in nonselective medium, then verified as phenotypically stable TK-/- mutants by demonstrated cross-resistance to 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 100% sensitivity to the folate antagonist methotrexate in THMG medium. These results demonstrate that the soluble salts of 2 metals reported to be human carcinogens and 1 noble metal complex known to bind DNA are all mammalian cell mutagens as well.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION

The gastroesophageal junction is a complex valve composed of a smooth muscle element (LES) and a diaphragmatic element. These normally supplement each other to maintain competence in a static condition and during dynamic stresses associated with increased intra-abdominal pressure or swallowing. These sphincteric components also interact with each other pathophysiologically. During swallowing, large hernias impair the process of esophageal emptying, thereby prolonging acid clearance. The susceptibility to stress reflux inherent during periods of diminished LES pressure is also dramatically increased by disabling the diaphragmatic sphincter. These functional impairments of the gastroesophageal junction associated with hiatus hernia lead to increased esophageal acid exposure and offer one explanation for the chronicity of reflux disease.
Modeling surface and ground water mixing in the hyporheic zone using MODFLOW and MT3D

Abstract We used a three-dimensional MODFLOW model, paired with MT3D, to simulate hyporheic zones around debris dams and meanders along a semi-arid stream. MT3D simulates both advective transport and sink/source mixing of solutes, in contrast to particle tracking (e.g. MODPATH), which only considers advection. We delineated the hydrochemically active hyporheic zone based on a new definition, specifically as near-stream subsurface zones receiving a minimum of 10% surface water within a 10-day travel time. Modeling results indicate that movement of surface water into the hyporheic zone is predominantly an advective process. We show that debris dams are a key driver of surface water into the subsurface along the experimental reach, causing the largest flux rates of water across the streambed and creating hyporheic zones with up to twice the cross-sectional area of other hyporheic zones. Hyporheic exchange was also found in highly sinuous segments of the experimental reach, but flux rates are lower and the cross-sectional areas of these zones are generally smaller. Our modeling approach simulated surface and ground water mixing in the hyporheic zone, and thus provides numerical approximations that are more comparable to field-based observations of surface–groundwater exchange than standard particle-tracking simulations.
Shape design optimization of embedded engine inlets for N2B hybrid wing-body configuration

Abstract The N2B hybrid wing-body aircraft with embedded engines was conceptually designed to meet environmental and performance goals for the N + 2 generation transport set by the Subsonic Fixed Wing project of NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. In the present study, flow simulations are conducted around the N2B configuration by a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes flow solver using unstructured meshes. Boundary conditions at fan faces and engine exhaust planes are provided by the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) thermodynamic engine cycle model. The flow simulations reveal challenging design issues arising from the integration of boundary-layer-ingestion offset inlets with the wing-body airframe. Adjoint-based optimal designs of the inlet shape are then carried out to minimize the airframe drag force and flow distortion at fan faces. Design surfaces are parameterized by Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS), and the cowl lip geometry is modified by a spring analogy approach. By the drag minimization design, a massive flow separation on the cowl surfaces is almost removed, and the strength of a shock wave unintended in the original design is now remarkably reduced. For the distortion minimization design, the diffuser bottom and side walls are reshaped to minimize flow distortion at fan faces. This minimization results in a 12.5% reduction in distortion.
Comparison of cortically and subcortically controlled motor systems. II. Distribution of anterogradely labeled terminal boutons on intracellularly filled rubrospinal neurons in rat and turtle.

The present study examined the circuitry of the red nucleus of the Sprague-Dawley rat and the freshwater pond turtle, Chrysemys picta, by using intracellular cell filling combined with anterograde tract tracing. Although both species have a well-developed cerebellorubral system, they differ in that the red nucleus of rats receives direct input from the motor areas of the cerebral cortex, whereas turtles do not. However, a direct descending projection from the hypothalamus to the red nucleus of turtles has been described. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relative functional contributions of the cerebellum and descending inputs to motor signal generation in the red nucleus. The results show that the cellular distribution of cerebellar inputs on rubrospinal neurons is similar between the rat and turtle; these projections are observed on the soma and the proximal and distal dendrites. In contrast, the hypothalamic inputs in turtles occupy mainly the more distally located dendrites, similar to the position of the cortical inputs in rats. These findings suggest that, first, the cerebellar inputs are not spatially segregated from the cortical or hypothalamic inputs in rats or turtles, as far as can be determined by light microscopy. Second, there is specificity of input from the cortex in rats and hypothalamus in turtles onto the distal portions of the dendrites. The similarity in the organizational features of the mammalian and non-mammalian cerebellorubrospinal systems has implications for interpretations of the relative roles of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex in motor control. J. Comp. Neurol. 416:101–111, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-aspect-ratio, molded microstructures with electrical isolation and embedded interconnects

A thin film molding process was developed to enable the fabrication of monolithic micromechanical structures with built-in electrical isolation and embedded interconnects. High-aspect-ratio composite structures were created from undoped polysilicon, low stress nitride and doped polysilicon, in a dual micromolding process. These monolithic electro-mechanical microstructures are more resistant to thermal effects and misalignment errors compared to microsystems assembled from discrete elements. In addition, the microstructures are molded in a re-usable mold providing an economical advantage. A gimballed electrostatic microactuator was successfully fabricated using this process. Electrical isolation was achieved with a combination of low stress nitride and undoped polycrystalline silicon. Various isolation geometries were investigated. Current leakages of less than 1 nA at 30 V were measured for isolation structures 40 μm long and 80 μm tall.
Screening Offenders: The Exploration of a Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) Brief Screener

Although structured assessments have helped standardize juvenile court processes by systematically measuring risk for recidivism, it has been argued that some assessments lack the ability to perform as a brief screener. This study explored the potential for the original 42-item Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) risk assessment to perform as a brief screener for a sample of first-time juvenile offenders in a Midwestern, industrialized county. Results indicated that the original and shortened version of the YLS/CMI significantly predicted 2-year recidivism for male and female offenders. Implications for situationally targeted forms of risk assessment are discussed.
Studies on the mechanism of phospholipid storage induced by amantadine and chloroquine in Madin Darby canine kidney cells.

Abstract Previous studies suggested that hepatic lipidosis caused by cationic amphiphilic drugs in rats is related to the capacity of these drugs to concentrate in liver lysosomes. These drugs inhibit lysosomal phospholipases, causing phospholipid accumulation. Amantadine, an inhibitor of influenza A virus replication, is a cationic amphiphilic drug which concentrates in the lysosomes of the Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell. In the present study, amantadine and chloroquine were shown to inhibit soluble lysosomal phospholipases isolated from MDCK cell in. vitro. Both amantadine and chloroquine concentrated in MDCK cell lysosomes. These drugs caused phospholipid storage in cultured MDCK cells, and the amounts of the respective agents required to cause phospholipid storage correlated with the capacities of the agents to inhibit lysosomal phospholipases. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are discussed, and a three-step hypothesis is presented predicting which agents will cause phospholipidosis.
LEADER DISTANCE: A REVIEW AND A PROPOSED THEORY

Abstract The concept of leader distance has been subsumed in a number of leadership theories; however, with few exceptions, leadership scholars have not expressly defined nor discussed leader distance, how distance is implicated in the legitimization of a leader, and how distance affects leader outcomes. We review available literature and demonstrate that integral to untangling the dynamics of the leadership influencing process is an understanding of leader–follower distance. We present distance in terms of three independent dimensions: leader–follower physical distance, perceived social distance, and perceived task interaction frequency. We discuss possible antecedents of leader–follower distance, including organizational and task characteristics, national culture, and leader/follower implicit motives. Finally, we use configural theory to present eight typologies (i.e., coexistence of a cluster or constellation of independent factors serving as a unit of analysis) of leader distance and propose an integrated cross-level model of leader distance, linking the distance typologies to leader outcomes at the individual and group levels of analysis.
Evaluation of a Records-Review Surveillance System Used to Determine the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders

We conducted the first study that estimates the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a population-based autism spectrum disorders (ASD) surveillance system developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The system employs a records-review methodology that yields ASD classification (case versus non-ASD case) and was compared with classification based on clinical examination. The study enrolled 177 children. Estimated specificity (0.96, [CI.95 = 0.94, 0.99]), PPV (0.79 [CI.95 = 0.66, 0.93]), and NPV (0.91 [CI.95 = 0.87, 0.96]) were high. Sensitivity was lower (0.60 [CI.95 = 0.45, 0.75]). Given diagnostic heterogeneity, and the broad array of ASD in the population, identifying children with ASD is challenging. Records-based surveillance yields a population-based estimate of ASD that is likely conservative.
On the Efficiency of Stock-based Compensation

When the market can observe the profitability of all projects with equal precision, then with stock compensation (1) the weight on any given project in managerial compensation is independent of the marginal productivity of effort in the project; (2) the projects that are the noisiest indicators of managerial effort receive the most weight in compensation; and (3) investors have the greatest incentive to collect information about projects that are the noisiest indicators of managerial effort. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Flow-establishment times for blunt bodies in an expansion tube

Flow establishment results are presented as obtained from shock standoff distance, pressure, and heat transfer measurements in the Langley expansion tube. The models tested were flat-faced cylinders with varying radius and a sphere with a constant radius, and they were positioned at the acceleration section exit and tested in the open jet at zero angle of attack. The experimental results were obtained as spinoff from various studies using helium, air, and CO2 test gases at freestream velocities in the range 5-7 km/sec. Time histories of shock detachment distance illustrate that the shock formation about the smaller-radii flat-faced cylinders and the sphere is symmetrical, whereas a complex, asymmetric formation is observed for the larger-radii cylinders. Flow is shown to establish more readily about the sphere than a flat-faced cylinder of the same diameter. A quasi-steady flow exists about relatively large blunt models during two-thirds of the approximate 250-microsec expansion tube test period.
Calculated dose rates in Jupiter's van Allen belts.

A series of particle flux and dose rate calculations have been carried out based upon the assumption that the decimetric rf noise emanating from the vicinity of Jupiter is synchrotron radiation from electrons trapped in a dipole magnetic field. Based upon plasma stability considerations and observations in the Earth's Van Alien belts, a relationship between the surface equatorial magnetic field strength (Ho), the spatial electron density (N) and the effective inner radius (a) of the belts was obtained. Three self-consistent belt models were considered (Ho = 2, 5, and 15 oe) and the point tissue dose rates behind 0.1-10 g/cm2 aluminum were calculated. Based upon these assumptions, these dose rates were approximately constant (± a factor of 3) out to ^15 Jupiter radii, whether the Jovian belts consisted of a large number of low-energy particles (small HO) or a smaller number of higher-energy particles (large H0).
Estimating present and future damages following child maltreatment

The child psychiatric forensic evaluation of children and adolescents who are plaintiffs in civil lawsuits regarding their present and future damages from child maltreatment requires knowledge of current research findings on the short-term and long-term consequences of child maltreatment, evidence-based treatments for psychological trauma, and relevant professional guidelines, along with knowledge of the ethics and laws governing mental health expert practice and testimony in personal injury litigation. This article reviews current research and recommends an approach to these evaluations and expert testimony that is informed by current research findings, recently developed professional guidelines, and many years of professional experience.
"Sticky" brains and sticky encounters in a U.S. pediatric pain clinic.

In the U.S. multidisciplinary pediatric pain clinic where I conducted 18 months of fieldwork, a widely held explanatory model tied the neurobiology of intractable pain to certain features of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) such as concrete thinking, an interest in details, and hyper-attentiveness. Clinicians used terms such as “sticky brains” and “sticky neurons” to describe the perseverative thoughts and quirky behavior that characterized a sizable subset of the program’s chronic pain patients who were believed to show signs of PDD, and consequently, did not respond well to treatment. Drawing on observations of clinical consultations, team meetings, and interviews with clinicians and families, I examine the meta-discursive processes by which clinical difficulties were inscribed onto difficult patients. Specifically, I demonstrate how discourse on sticky brains worked to re-classify challenging patients as psychologically abnormal, rationalizing their failed response to standard treatment. I argue that ‘stickiness’ provides an appropriate metaphor not only for a particular neurobiological configuration, but also for challenging clinical encounters. By illuminating the interactional processes through which clinical difficulties are managed, interpreted, and explained, the paper advances anthropological theorizing on the performative work of diagnosis and institutionalized misrecognition.
Optically thin stagnation-point flow.

Earth's Atmosphere," The High Temperature Aspects of Hypersonic Flow, Pergamon, Macmillan, New York, 1964, pp. 607-626. 10 Wilson, K. H. and Hoshizaki, H., "Inviscid, Nonadiabatic Flow about Blunt Bodies," AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan. 1965, pp. 67-74. 11 Anderson, J. D., Jr., "Nongray Radiative Transfer Effects on the Radiating Stagnation Region Shock Layer and Stagnation Point Heat Transfer," NOLTR 67-104, July 1967, U.S. Naval Ordnance Lab., White Oak, Md. 12 Wood, A. D. et al., "Measurements of the Total Radiant Intensity of Air," Paper 67-311, April 1967, AIAA. 13 Nerem, R. M., "Atomic Line Radiation in Equilibrium Air," AIAA Journal, Vol. 4, No. 8, Aug. 1966, pp. 1485-1486. 14 Gruszczynski, J. S. and Warren, W. R., Jr., "Study of Equilibrium Air Total Radiation," AIAA Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, March 1967, pp. 517-525. 15 Nerem, R. M. and Golobic, R. A., "Shock Tube Measurements of End-Wall Radiative Heat Transfer in Air," Paper 67695, 1967, AIAA; also AIAA Journal, Vol. 6, No. 9, Sept. 1968, pp. 1741-1747.
Evolving Technologies Support Mobile and Collaborative Curriculum: A Case Study

This case study describes the efforts of librarians to integrate mobile devices, collaboration tools, and resources into a School of Medicine third-year pediatric clerkship. Additional class emphasis is on evidence-based searching and journal article evaluation and presentation. The class objectives ensure that students are comfortable with mobile devices and collaboration tools. Over the eight-year history of the course, student acceptance of the mobile devices used diminished as the devices aged, necessitating the evaluation and selection of new technologies. Collaboration tools and mobile applications employed in the course evolved to accommodate curriculum changes.
Comprehension factors in oral and written discourse of skilled communicators

(1965). Comprehension factors in oral and written discourse of skilled communicators. Speech Monographs: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 124-128.
Annotator: Postprocessing Software for Generating Function-based Signatures from Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is used to investigate global changes in protein abundance in cell lysates. Increasingly powerful methods of data collection have emerged over the past decade, but this has left researchers with the task of sifting through mountains of data for biologically significant results. Often, the end result is a list of proteins with no obvious quantitative relationships to define the larger context of changes in cell behavior. Researchers are often forced to perform a manual analysis from this list or to fall back on a range of disparate tools, which can hinder the communication of results and their reproducibility. To address these methodological problems, we developed Annotator, an application that filters validated mass spectrometry data and applies a battery of standardized heuristic and statistical tests to determine significance. To address systems-level interpretations, we incorporated UniProt and Gene Ontology keywords as statistical units of analysis, yielding quantitative information ...
Elbow pain in pediatrics

The pediatric and adolescent elbow is subject to both acute and chronic overuse injuries. The practitioner should develop a classification system to evaluate all such injuries, with first focusing on whether the injury represents an acute episode or rather it represents a more chronic problem. In addition, localizing the area of pain as being either medial, lateral, or posterior can better help differentiate the diagnosis. Youth baseball pitchers and throwers are particularly at risk for overuse injuries of the elbow, most of which are related to an injury mechanism termed “valgus extension overload”. The most common entity related to this is termed “Little Leaguer’s Elbow.” Treatment is usually conservative, but for some injuries surgery may be required, especially for displaced medial epicondylar avulsion fractures. Other acute injuries also should be easily recognizable by the general clinician including annular ligament displacement (nursemaid’s elbow) which represents one of the most common upper extremity injuries presenting to emergency rooms in youngsters under the age of 6. Most studies seem to indicate a hyperpronation reduction technique may be more successful then the flexion/supination technique. It is also important to have an awareness of some of the common elbow fractures seen in the younger patient, in particularly supracondylar fractures owing to their high propensity for complications. When evaluating the elbow for fractures, it is necessary to have an understanding of the appearance of the ossification centers seen on the pediatric elbow.
Using Correlated Monte Carlo Sampling for Efficiently Solving the Linearized Poisson-Boltzmann Equation Over a Broad Range of Salt Concentration.

Dielectric continuum or implicit solvent models provide a significant reduction in computational cost when accounting for the salt-mediated electrostatic interactions of biomolecules immersed in an...
Biofunctional evaluation of two hydrogen bonds stabilizing the β‐turn in the acyclic component of oxytocin

The depsipeptide [8-alpha-hydroxyisocaproic acid, 9-glycolic amide]-oxytocin, which has ester linkages replacing the peptide linkages between the 7th and 8th and the 8th and 9th residues of oxytocin, has been synthesized by a (6 + 3) condensation of Boc-tocinoic acid with Pro-O-HyIc-O-Glyc-NH2, followed by deprotection of the resulting product. The analog exhibited the following activities in rats: 258 +/- 11 and 28 +/- 5 U/mg, uterus in vitro in the absence and presence, respectively, of Mg+2; 54 +/- 4 U/mg, uterus in vivo; 19.3 +/- 2.1 U/mg, milk ejection; 0.153 +/- 0.026 U/mg, antidiuretic activity; and no pressor activity. The need for the presence of the peptide linkages mentioned above as sources for internal hydrogen bonds to stabilize the "biologically significant" conformation is discussed.
Effects of stocking density and water conditioners on yolk-sac larvae of two marine finfish during simulated air transport

As marine finfish aquaculture expands, there is an increasing interest in the ability to ship early life stages from breeding centres to hatcheries so that each hatchery does not have to maintain its own broodstock. Here, we conducted 24 h air-shipping simulations with yolk-sac larvae of California yellowtail (CYT; Seriola lalandi) and white seabass (WSB; Atractoscion nobilis) to help fill in the informational gaps for shipping marine fish larvae. We examined the effects of a pH buffer on water quality, post-shipping larval survival and subsequent survival to first feeding at larval densities of 1000, 3000, 6000 and 9000 larvae L−1. The pH buffer, 8.3 Trizma®, was tested at varying concentrations of zero (NT = 0.00 g L−1), low (LT = 0.75 g L−1), medium (MT = 1.5 g L−1) and high (HT = 3.0 g L−1). Trials were conducted using replicate 2 L aquarium bags filled with 500 mL of seawater and held in a water bath at 19–20°C. Results showed an interspecific difference in survival at the highest shipping densities under these experimental conditions. Shipping densities up to 6750 CYT larvae L−1 or 3000 WSB larvae L−1 consistently yielded >90% survival immediately after simulated shipment and >85% survival 48 h after the simulations. Furthermore, at these densities, pH was maintained at ~8.0 when buffered at 1.5 g L−1. The highest tested densities of 9580 CYT larvae L−1 and 9940 WSB larvae L−1, yielded lower survival 69–79% and 0.0–1.3% respectively after 24 h. Final pH in the high density CYT trials were unsatisfactory (below 7.0), regardless of the buffer concentration; however pH in the WSB high density trials improved with increasing buffer concentration. On the basis of the results from these air-shipping simulations, we recommend CYT and WSB larvae be shipped in seawater with 1.5 g L−1 Trizma® at densities not greater than 6750 larvae L−1 for CYT and 3000 larvae L−1 for WSB. We believe this represents an important step in improving long distance transport protocols for these species and provides useful guidance in air transport of other economically and ecologically important marine species. Additional research is warranted to compare these simulation results with those from actual air shipments, as we did not account for factors that may vary in flight like temperature and pressure variations, and physical agitation.
Fractionation of human H1 subtypes and characterization of a subtype-specific antibody exhibiting non-uniform nuclear staining

Four histone H1 subtypes and H1° were fractionated from human placental nuclei and purified to homogeneity by a combination of Bio-Rex 70 chromatography and reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC). Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits against one of these subtypes designated H1-3. Antibodies reacted only against this subtype in enzymelinked immunosorbent assays and Western assays; subtype specificity was documented further by Western blotting of cell and nuclear extracts. They crossreacted with monkey H1, but not with H1 from other vertebrates tested. The epitope(s) recognized were mapped by immunoblotting against peptides prepared by cleavage with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and α-chymotrypsin; it includes the variant amino-terminal tail of the protein as well as a portion of the globular domain. The antibody stains mitotic chromosomes weakly but uniformly and, unlike antibodies that recognize total H1 which show uniform nuclear staining after indirect immunofluoresence localization, anti-H1-3 exhibits preferential labelling of the nuclear periphery. This non-uniform staining suggests compartmentalization of this subtype which may have functional significance with respect to differential chromatin condensation.
Chemistry and Structure of Coals: Hydrogen Bonding Structures Evaluated by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy

Coal formation is a dynamic process that transforms plant residues into a rigid matrix of carbonaceous materials over the eons at somewhat elevated temperatures and pressure. Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIS) is very informative in monitoring the maturation process by studying representative samples of given geologic maturity. Qualitative examination of the spectra is a facile and reliable means of ranking the coal. Further analyses of the DRIS data reveal that hydrogen bonding is a major force binding coals together. Five distinct types of hydrogen bonding exist, corresponding to the number of electron donor oxygen (proton acceptor) atoms involved. Rigidification of the cellulosic structures develops stronger fields, giving rise to a generally stronger set of hydrogen bonds. The successively stronger hydrogen bonds are noted to give rise to lower frequencies of resonance and widths of bands, and the stronger dipoles have greater extinction coefficients. Infrared spectros-copy is the most informative means of exploring the intricacies of the hydrogen bonds in coals. This preliminary work shows the merits of the DRIS technique, in that the studies are performed with neat samples (free from chemical and physical artifacts associated with support media and dilution agents).
Alcoholism: Can honest mistake about one's capacity for self control be an excuse?

In this paper I show why a certain line of alcoholism defence is invalid. However, so far as I know, no one has ever even forwarded this defence. This discussion may therefore seem to be an exercise in futility, but, obviously, I think it is not. The point is, that science has now rendered invalid all the familiar lines of excusatory arguments based on alcoholism. Scientific specialists in the field are of course aware of this. Unfortunately however, most people, including most law professionals, are still unaware of it. As awareness gradually emerges among law professionals, so too will the realization that the new line of defence I discuss here is the only remaining plausible one. At least it will be plausible during that interim period when the general public-last to learn, as usual -still believes the old myths about alcoholism. When the facts about alcoholism become widely known, there will no longer be any plausible alcoholism excuse in law. My aim here, then, is to step into the near future: I want to define the relevant new understanding of alcoholism, to outline the only new line of legal defense that will then be plausible for the still unaware lay citizen, and finally to show that, though facially plausible, this last line of defence too must fail in the face of both the facts and the law. I should add that in the course of the inquiry there will emerge new insight into the general legal doctrine of mistake as an excuse.
Transluminal balloon angioplasty for symptomatic distal vasospasm refractory to medical therapy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background Cerebral vasospasm (VSP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The current endovascular paradigm for VSP refractory to medical therapy is to perform angioplasty for proximal vessel VSP and vasodilator infusion for distal vessel VSP. Objective To report our experience with a large series of balloon angioplasty for distal VSP refractory to medical therapy in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods This was a retrospective series of 32 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and symptomatic VSP refractory to medical therapy who were treated with balloon angioplasty for distal vessel VSP. Immediate angiographic results, procedure-related complications, and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results From September 2001 to January 2010, 32 patients with symptomatic VSP refractory to medical therapy underwent angioplasty for distal arterial VSP. There were 26 women (81.3%); patients were 29 to 67 years of age. A total of 175 vessels were angioplastied (95 proximal and 80 distal). The only complication was rupture of an incompletely clipped aneurysm that was treated by immediate coiling and did not result in any clinical worsening. Repeated treatment was needed for 6 arteries (6 of 80, 7.5%). There were no procedure-related symptomatic complications. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2) were observed in 23 of 28 patients (82.1%) with follow-up. Conclusion Balloon angioplasty for distal VSP is safe and effective and decreases the need for repeated intraarterial treatments seen with infusion of vasodilator.
Feature selection and classification in noisy epistatic problems using a hybrid evolutionary approach

A hybrid evolutionary approach is proposed for the combined problem of feature selection (using a genetic algorithm with Intersection/Union recombination and a fitness function based on a counter-propagation artificial neural network) and subsequent classifier construction (using strongly-typed genetic programming), for use in nonlinear association studies with relatively large potential feature sets and noisy class data. The method was tested using synthetic data with various degrees of injected noise, based on a proposed mental health database.allResults show the algorithm has good potential for feature selection, classification and function characterization.
Functional Impairment of CD4 T Cells despite Normalization of T Cell Number in HIV

Using an in vitro model, we demonstrate that when CD4 T cells from HIV infected subjects are enriched from total blood lymphocytes the immune response to antigen is augmented. However, augmentation of this response is confined to HIV infected subjects with relatively preserved CD4 T cell counts. Enriching for CD4 T cells had no effect on antigen responses in patients with low CD4 lymphocyte counts. These findings support the concept that CD4 T cells in late stage HIV have inherent qualitative defects.
Lubrication level diagnostics using vibration analysis

The purpose of this paper is to show how vibration analysis can be used to detect lubrication loss in an automotive type drive train differential. This preliminary test consisted of gathering broadband vibration data on two differentials on a U.S. Marine Corps light armored vehicle (LAV). One differential was used as a control, where the lubrication level remained full throughout testing and the other was the test differential where the lubrication levels were varied from a full to half full to completely empty. The results of the data analysis indicate that lubrication loss can be detected using vibration analysis when using a frequency band between 15 kHz and 24 kHz. This result shows that an accelerometer can be used not only for detecting faults in mechanical components including gears, bearings and shafts but can also be used to detect lubrication loss for the same system with unique processing. Future research can evaluate the effects of vehicle speed and load on the processing and analysis results and the effect of lubrication loss on the performance of algorithms for bearing and gear fault detection.
The Predictive Content of Aggregate Analyst Recommendations

Using more than 350,000 sell-side analyst recommendations from January 1994 to August 2006, this paper examines the predictive content of aggregate analyst recommendations. We find that changes in aggregate analyst recommendations forecast future market excess returns after controlling for macroeconomic variables that have been shown to influence market returns. Similarly, changes in industry-aggregated analyst recommendations predict future industry returns. Changes in aggregate analyst recommendations also predict one-quarter-ahead aggregate earnings growth. Overall, our results suggest that analyst recommendations contain market- and industry-level information about future returns and earnings.
PGI2 signaling inhibits antigen uptake and increases migration of immature dendritic cells

PGI2 signaling through IP inhibits allergen-induced inflammatory responses in mice. We reported previously that PGI2 analogs decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by mature BMDCs. However, whether PGI2 modulates the function of immature DCs has not been investigated. We hypothesized that PGI2 negatively regulates immature DC function and investigated the effect of PGI2 analogs on immature BMDC antigen uptake and migration in vitro and in vivo. Immature BMDCs were obtained from WT and IPKO mice, both on a C57BL/6 background. The PGI2 analog cicaprost decreased FITC-OVA uptake by immature BMDCs. In addition, cicaprost increased immature BMDC podosome dissolution, pro-MMP-9 production, cell surface CCR7 expression, and chemotactic migration toward CCL19 and CCL21, as well as chemokinesis, in an IP-specific fashion. These in vitro results suggested that cicaprost promotes migration of immature DCs from mucosal surface to draining LNs. This concept was supported by the finding that migration of immature GFP+ BMDCs to draining LNs was enhanced by pretreatment with cicaprost. Further, migration of immature lung DCs labeled with PKH26 was enhanced by intranasal cicaprost administration. Our results suggest PGI2-IP signaling increases immature DC migration to the draining LNs and may represent a novel mechanism by which this eicosanoid inhibits immune responses.