cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simplified Si resonant interband tunnel diodes

A driving force in electronic device research has been increased functionality with reduced energy loss. One of the techniques proposed for meeting these goals has been the employment of tunnel diodes integrated with conventional transistors to form logic and memory circuits. Considerable progress has been made in the area of Si-based resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITD).
Effect of sputtering gas on the surface composition of an Al–Pd–Mn quasicrystal

Abstract We demonstrate the effects of different inert sputtering gases on the surface composition of icosahedral (i-) Al–Pd–Mn. The sputtering gases used include He, Ne, Ar, Xe, and Kr. We demonstrate that the steady-state composition is independent of the inert gas chosen. This steady-state composition falls outside of the quasicrystalline region of the Al–Pd–Mn phase diagram. However, the fluence (ions/cm 2 ) to achieve steady-state depends on the inert gas. Helium requires a much higher fluence than the other gases. Because of this, He can be used to clean the surface, if the time (fluence) for sputtering is kept to a minimum, without causing the large compositional shift induced with a relatively small fluence by the most common sputtering gas, Ar.
Technique and pitfalls of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of the breast

When using ultrasound guidance to perform core-needle biopsy, the curvature of the breast can be used to advantage. By entering the breast from the periphery, chest wall injury is avoided and needle visualization is improved. Visualization of the needle is expedited by bringing the needle to the lesion by using a gentle sweeping motion while keeping the transducer relatively fixed in position. Standard techniques can be modified for difficult lesions, such as those that are mobile, deep, small, or in a large breast. Careful correlation with the mammogram will insure biopsy of the corresponding sonographic lesion. Although complications are uncommon, hematoma or infection may occur after the procedure. With practice, application of standard and modified techniques can result in efficient and accurate ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy of the breast.
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: U.S. Normative Data and Psychometric Properties

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a U.S. national population sample of children and adolescents, develop normative scoring bands, and test the association of high-scoring groups with service contacts or use for mental health reasons. Method An Americanized version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire parent report was administered to parents of 10,367 4- to 17-year-olds in the 2001 National Health Interview Survey. Scoring bands were developed to differentiate low, medium, and high levels of emotional or behavioral difficulties. Children at high risk of serious difficulties were identified by three different scoring methods: (1) high symptom scores, (2) parental perception of definite or severe difficulties, and (3) high symptoms plus impairment. These ratings were validated against service contact or use and other well-established demographic and broader risk factors for child emotional and behavioral problems. Results Results indicated good acceptability and internal consistency. Normative scoring bands were similar, though not identical, to the original British bands. Results of each scoring method had a strong association with service contact/use. Conclusions This study supports the usefulness of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as an effective and efficient screener for child and adolescent mental health problems in the United States.
Axiomatic semantics of communicating sequential processes

Presentation d'une definition simple de la semantique axiomatique des processus sequentiels communiquant. L'aspect le plus important de cette approche et qu'elle permet de traiter les processus individuels d'un programme en les isolant des autres processus. La semantique axiomatique est utilisee pour prouver la justesse d'un programme pour partager des ensembles
When Open and Obvious is Neither: The Importance of Context in Human Factors Forensics

This paper evaluates from a human factors perspective the legal theory that if a hazard is open and obvious, an injured party has limited legal recourse to pursue damages against the party that produced the hazard. A detailed human factors analysis of the context surrounding user behavior can call into question whether a hazard that may seem open and obvious to a layperson really is. A case study in which a judge considered dismissing a lawsuit because the hazard seemed open and obvious is used to illustrate how human factors testimony can significantly change the outcome of a trial. The human factors expert identified nine contextual elements that increased the likelihood that the plaintiff would be injured by the hazard despite its apparent obviousness. This testimony overcame the initial inclination of the judge and allowed the case to continue to trial.
Species barrier to RNA recognition overcome with nonspecific RNA binding domains.

We show here that nonspecific RNA-protein interactions can significantly enhance the biological activity of an essential RNA·protein complex. Bacterial glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase poorly aminoacylates yeast tRNA and, as a consequence, cannot rescue a knockout allele of the gene for the yeast homologue. In contrast to the bacterial protein, the yeast enzyme has an extra appended domain at the N terminus. Previously, we showed that fusion of this yeast-specific domain to the bacterial protein enabled it to function as a yeast enzyme in vivo and in vitro. We suggested that the novel yeast-specific domain contributed to RNA interactions in a way that compensated for the poor fit between the yeast tRNA and bacterial enzyme. Here we establish that the novel appended domain by itself binds nonspecifically to different RNA structures. In addition, we show that fusion of an unrelated yeast protein, Arc1p, to the bacterial enzyme also converts it into a functional yeast enzymein vivo and in vitro. A small C-terminal segment of Arc1p is necessary and sufficient for this conversion. This segment was shown by others to have nonspecific tRNA binding properties. Thus, nonspecific RNA binding interactions in general can compensate for barriers to formation of a specific and essential RNA·protein complex.
Plane stress and plane strain assumptions in the stress analysis of laminated bodies

Abstract A critical survey is given of the assumptions made in the plane stress and plane strain analysis of laminated bodies. Corresponding numerical results are compared for the pure bending of curved laminated bars, and these are used to draw conclusions for general loading conditions.
RENAL CORTEX TAURINE (T) POOL SIZE REGULATES RENAL ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO ALTERED DIETARY INTAKE OF SULFUR AMINO ACIDS (SAA)

Rats ingesting a low or high SAA diet show renal adaptation with low or high urinary T excretion. Brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) studies indicate expression of this adaptive response at the brush border surface (Chesney et al, Kidney Int 24:588, 1983). The signal for this adaptive response, which increases the Vmax of T ransport at the BBMV, is unknown but may involve a change in plasma or renal cortex T. We used two maneuvers to deplete renal cortex T: 1) β-alanine feeding in drinking H2O; 2) β-alanine feeding plus 72-hr fast, which reduced cortex T without greatly changing plasma T. As compared to rats fed a low, normal or high SAA diet, an accentuation of BBMV uptake was evident. Renal cortex T fell by 45-75% after β-alanine feeding (p <.001). Uptake of T by BBMV was increased significantly (p <.05 to .005) and was related to an increase in Vmax of the initial rate of uptake by more than 100 pmoles/mg protein/60 sec (p <.01 to .001). The combination of fasting and β-alanine feeding reduces cortex T content even further and is again associated with higher BBMV uptake values. Plasma levels of T are not significantly altered as compared to each dietary group's control level. Change in renal cortex T is inversely correlated with change in BBMV initial uptake (r = -0.547, p <.05). Feeding 3% glycine or methionine does not alter T uptake. These data suggest that renal cortex pool size regulates the renal adaptive response to altered dietary intake of SAA.
Ceftaroline Fosamil—A New Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin with Significant Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci

Ceftaroline fosamil (PPI-0903, TAK-599, Teflaro®, Forest Pharmaceuticals) is the prodrug for ceftaroline (T-91825), a broad-spectrum parenteral (IM/IV) cephalosporin with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci as well as other common pathogens of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). Although more active than other cephalosporins against enterococci, the potency of this agent is still modest against E. faecalis (inactive vs. E. faecium). It is also active against Enterobacteriaceae with the exceptions of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases or carbapenemases. It is also active against anaerobic organisms with the exceptions of Bacteroides and Prevotella species and Clostridium difficile. Ceftaroline fosamil is non-inferior compared with regimens of vancomycin with/without aztreonam (ABSSSI) and ceftriaxone (CAP). The usual dosage regimen is 600 mg every 12 hours, as a 1-hour IV infusion, with dosage adjustment in moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] of 31–50 mL/min) to 400 mg every 12 hours, in severe renal impairment (CrCl 15–30 mL/min) to 300 mg every 12 hours, and in end-stage renal impairment/hemodialysis (CrCl < 15 mL/min) to 200 mg every 12 hours. Further studies continue with a combination product of ceftaroline fosamil with NXL104 (a beta-lactamase inhibitor). This paper will review the chemistry, mechanism of action, in vitro and in vivo (animal) antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, tolerability, dosing and administration, and role of this agent. Medline/PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles using the search terms “ceftaroline”, “PPI-0903”, “TAK-599”, and “T-91825”. All English and French language articles identified in the searches were reviewed for their relevance to this review. In addition, the bibliographies of retrieved articles were reviewed to identify any relevant articles not identified in the initial searches. Also, the proceedings of all Interscience Conferences on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (American Society for Microbiology) from 2000 through 2010 were searched for relevant abstracts.
Importance of Capacity Constraints to Construction Cost and Schedule

This paper makes a practice-based critique of the assumptions behind network planning methods from the perspective of subcontractors and suppliers. In the context of a case example, the time-cost trade-off and its resource-oriented extensions are critiqued as being incapable of representing the capacity costs and constraints of subcontractors and suppliers. These methods are also critiqued as being incapable of representing the effects of site conditions on productivity, which in turn affects the capacity choices of subcontractors. Restricting the focus to the general building industry, case findings from 15 subcontractors and suppliers are presented. The case research indicates that capacity constraints systematically affect subcontractors and suppliers and that site conditions affect the productivity of subcontractors. Moreover, it is found that these firms consistently take action to mitigate the impact of capacity constraints and site conditions on cost. This second finding suggests that not only do n...
Observations on antigenic variants of echovirus type 11.

SummaryStrains of echovirus type 11 isolated in this laboratory since 1962 appear to have a broader antigenic spectrum than the prototype Gregory strain. The isolates were neutralized to low titer or not at all by immune serum to the Gregory strain, but immune serum to a representative isolate (Silva) neutralized both the prototype and homologous strains, as well as the other isolates. Results of cross hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests, as well as im-munodiffusion tests, confirmed the relationship of these isolates to echovirus type 11. Sera of patients from whom the antigenic variants were recovered showed significant neutralizing antibody responses to both the prototype echovirus type 11 strain and the Silva “prime” strain.
Injured mice at the gym: review, results and considerations for combining chondroitinase and locomotor exercise to enhance recovery after spinal cord injury

Exercise provides a number of important benefits after spinal cord injury in clinical studies and animal models. However, the amount of functional improvement in overground locomotion obtained with exercise alone has been limited thus far, for reasons that are still poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the complex network of endogenous extracellular matrix components, including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), can inhibit exercise-induced remodeling and limit plasticity of spared circuitry in the adult central nervous system. Recent animal studies have shown that chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) can enhance plasticity in the adult nervous system by cleaving glycosaminoglycan sidechains from CSPGs. In this article we review the current literature on plasticity observed with locomotor training and following degradation of CSPGs with ChABC and then present a rationale for the use of exercise combined with ChABC to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury. We also present results of a preliminary study that tested the simplest approach for combining these treatments; use of a single intraparenchymal injection of ChABC administered to the lumbar enlargement of mice with voluntary wheel running exercise after a mid-thoracic spinal contusion injury. The results are negative, yet serve to highlight limitations in our understanding of the most effective protocols for combining these approaches. Further work is directed to identify the timing, type, and quantity of exercise and pharmacological interventions that can be used to maximize functional improvements by strengthening appropriate synaptic connections.
Anomalies in the Influenza Virus Genome Database: New Biology or Laboratory Errors?

A search of the influenza virus genome database reveals anomalies associated with a nonnegligible number of submitted sequences. There are many pairs of viral segments that are very close to each other in nucleotide sequence but relatively far apart in reported time of isolation, resulting in an abnormally low evolutionary rate. Also, some sequences show clear evidence of apparent homologous recombination, a process normally assumed to be extremely rare or nonexistent in this virus. These findings may point to surprising new biology but are perhaps more readily explained by stock contamination or other errors in the sequencing laboratories.
Evaluation of intrusive vehicle detection and classification technique for traffic management

This paper presents vehicle detection system based on one of the successful intrusive method and also offerings an innovative scheme of an embedded multi-lane traffic control. The proposed system has an ability to detect and classify the vehicle continuously and consciously under the embedded adaptive algorithm, the result is automated traffic control. Inductive loop involves smaller loop within big outer loop is used as a sensor for vehicle detection. The proposed system configuration not only detect the vehicle and segregates them as bicycle or motorbike or bus or car but also gives the precise counting of numbers of vehicles that too in mixed traffic flow condition. The prototype of vehicle detection and classification system has been established using virtual instrumentation structure and tested. The unique signatures for the different vehicles are analyzed for classification of the particular vehicles. Inductive loop distinguishes the large vehicle (e.g. bus) as well as small vehicles (e.g. bicycle) and the total density in lane is carried out which will help for traffic control. Inductive loop has been used as a detector since it has tremendous feature of insensitive to any climatic conditions also easy to maintain and it has got long detection range.
Frequency domain properties of hydraulic bushing with long and short passages: System identification using theory and experiment

Abstract Fluid-filled bushings with tunable stiffness and damping properties are now employed in vehicles to improve ride characteristics and to reduce vibration and noise. Since scientific literature on this topic is sparse, a bushing prototype which can provide various combinations of long and short flow passages is designed and built. Several common fluid-filled bushing configurations are experimentally examined for their dynamic stiffness and pressure spectra. Linear time-invariant models (with lumped fluid elements) are proposed for a hydraulic bushing with two parallel flow passages. Next, a model with only a long capillary tube passage (an inertia track) is examined. Further, peak magnitude and loss angle frequencies are analytically found. Several methods for the identification of bushing parameters (up to 50 Hz) are suggested. The linear models are validated by comparing predictions with measured stiffness magnitude and loss angle spectra. Finally, the principal features of a practical device are diagnosed using analytical models and measurements for two excitation amplitudes.
Geographic analysis of differences in trends between nearsurface and satellite-based temperature measurements

The purpose of this article is to assess geographical differences that exist in the differential trends between the satellite-based lower-tropospheric temperature measurements and the near-surface temperatures measured by the land and sea thermometer network. Over the period 1979–1994, a highly significant difference of 0.28°C exists between the two global data sets. Analyses presented in this paper show that most of this difference comes from tropical ocean areas, with a much smaller contribution from the mid-latitude land areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The implications of these results to the many explanations for the differential trend between the data sets are discussed.
Bilirubin conjugation in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, the small skate, Raja erinacea and the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanas

Abstract 1. 1. Bile pigments from spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), small skate (Raja erinacea) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanas) were quantitated after chromatography of tetrapyrroles and azopigment analysis. 2. 2. Bilirubin monoglucuronide, unconjugated bilirubin, bilirubin diglucuronide and unidentified pigments were present in decreasing order of abundance. 3. 3. UDPglucuronate glucuronyl transferase and bilirubin glucuroniside glucuronosyl transferase activities were present in all three fish livers, and had temperature optima of 37°C. 4. 4. The distribution of the two enzyme activities were different in liver fractions of the three fish.
Mössbauer quadrupole splitting in ferric hemin

The procedure used previously for evaluation of the electric field gradients in nonmetals has been extended to the study of M\"ossbauer quadrupole splitting of ferric iron in hemin. The method consists of forming a multielectron molecular wave function in the Hartree-Fock approximation by means of a linear combination of polarized atomic orbitals. The polarization of the atomic orbitals has been described in terms of the displacements (owing to the internal fields in the system) of the centers of the electron charge densities relative to the nuclear charge centers such that the induced dipoles due to the displacements correspond to the dipoles calculated self-consistently. For reasonable values of the polarizabilities $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and N, that is, $\ensuremath{\alpha}({\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=2$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}(\mathrm{N})=1$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$, the calculated quadrupole splitting in hemin has been found to agree with the experimental value +0.78 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 mm/sec. The calculated splitting decreases from 1.51 to 0.26 mm/sec (retaining the correct sign) if one increases $\ensuremath{\alpha}({\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ from 1 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$ to the Tessman, Kahn, and Schockley value 2.97 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$. If no induced polarizations of the charge densities are accounted for, the quadrupole splitting comes out to be +0.55 mm/sec. The results have been discussed in terms of the various approximations used.
A systemic social-cognitive perspective on doping

Abstract Objectives The present article provides a theoretically sound framework (i.e., a social-cognitive approach), using conceptual models and concrete examples, to aid our understanding of why some people dope. Design Recognizing that sports occur in a social environment, the current article is grounded in social-cognitive theory. Additionally, since many studies investigating doping have attempted to use cause-and-effect or correlational methods, this article emphasized the systemic nature of doping behavior. Method The present article succinctly clarifies why some people take greater risks than others (e.g., dope), and specifically discusses the roles of history, obedience to authority, brain development, culture, stereotypes, and reinforcement, as they relate with doping. Results Although likely possible, it is difficult to provide an example of an effective intervention that adequately addresses the deletion of doping. However, an example based on social-cognitive principles is provided. Conclusions Future research that emphasizes a social-cognitive approach to doping is needed. Interventions built from such research likely will lead to effective anti-doping interventions.
JCEED: A joint channel assignment and routing protocol for minimizing delay in MR-MC wireless networks

Next generation wireless networks are widely based on the multi-radio multi-channel (MR-MC) networking model. While many existing works focus on network capacity and have shown that the capacity can be dramatically improved by using the MR-MC technique, the problem of delay-aware multi-hop routing in MR-MC networks has not been fully addressed. The problem mainly lies in the coupling between path selection and channel assignment. In this paper, we solve this problem by proposing a joint channel assignment and routing protocol based on end-to-end delay (JCEED) for MR-MC networks, where both transmission delay and queuing delay are taken into account. The protocol runs iteratively and in each iteration the channel assignment and path selection are updated based on previous iteration's performance in terms of end-to-end delay (EED). It finally finds the path which is both feasible and has minimum delay. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed JCEED protocol. Index Terms—Multi-radio multi-channel networks; channel assignment; routing; end-to-end delay; joint design
Analytical evaluation of HgbA1c, microalbumin, CRP, and RF on Architect ci8200 integrated system and workflow performance evaluation using computer simulation.

Abstract Background Recently, hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), microalbumin (MA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) have been introduced on high throughput general chemistry system. We evaluated analytical performance of these assays on an integrated clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzer and studied the impact of testing these assays on these systems on the overall efficiency of the analyzer, via computer simulation. Methods The analytical performance was measured by determining precision, linearity and correlation of patient sample results with in-house testing methodology. MedModel simulation software is used to develop simulation model and process efficiency is determined by measuring turnaround times and resource utilization. Results Between-days CVs ranged from 8.59% for MA to 3.22% for HgbA1c level 1 controls. Less than 2% carryover for all 4 methods was observed on the integrated analyzer. For HgbA1c on HPLC analyzer, the minimum and maximum TAT for a batch of 50 samples was 3.78 and 160 min, respectively, while for the integrated system it was 28.2 and 35.1 min, respectively. Labor utilization for the 2 processes ranged from 3.21% to 3.75%. Conclusion Chemistry module on an integrated system can be used to determine the HgbA1c and other serum proteins.
The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change

The most recent calculations of the infra-red flux in the region of the 15 micron CO 2 band show that the average surface temperature of the earth increases 3.6° C if the CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere is doubled and decreases 3.8° C if the CO 2 amount is halved, provided that no other factors change which influence the radiation balance. Variations in CO 2 amount of this magnitude must have occurred during geological history; the resulting temperature changes were sufficiently large to influence the climate. The CO 2 balance is discussed. The CO 2 equilibrium between atmosphere and oceans is calculated with and without CaCO 3 equilibrium, assuming that the average temperature changes with the CO 2 concentration by the amount predicted by the CO 2 theory. When the total CO 2 is reduced below a critical value, it is found that the climate continuously oscillates between a glacial and an inter-glacial stage with a period of tens of thousands of years; there is no possible stable state for the climate. Simple explanations are provided by the CO 2 theory for the increased precipitation at the onset of a glacial period, the time lag of millions of years between periods of mountain building and the ensuing glaciation, and the severe glaciation at the end of the Carboniferous. The extra CO 2 released into the atmosphere by industrial processes and other human activities may have caused the temperature rise during the present century. In contrast with other theories of climate, the CO 2 theory predicts that this warming trend will continue, at least for several centuries. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x
Modeling coalescence in multiple-particle systems

Abstract Analytical models for particle coalescence are generally limited to considering binary pairs of particles, yet coalescence continues in large multi-particle aerosol aggregates formed at high temperature. A computationally efficient model, incorporating an analytical function to approximate the fluid interface, is presented for the viscous coalescence of linear multiple-particle systems. The dynamics of interfacial evolution are approximated by employing a modification of the boundary integral approach in which a single point is used to solve the equations for the surface velocities. For the early stages of coalescence, the solution showed asymptotic behavior as the number of particles increased, and, from these results, an empirical expression for the asymptotic solution to the time dependence of the coalescence parameter was determined: b = 1 - 0.2934 t 0.8914 . Estimates of the coalescence dynamics beyond the limitations of the modified boundary integral approach are made by using a semi-empirical model for the decay of the surface area. Model predictions of the shrinkage for a system of three particles compare favorably to those of finite element models.
If We Took Dewey’s Aesthetics Seriously, How Would the Arts Be Taught?

First, a few words about the title of my remarks. Its question clearly implies that those of us who are in any way responsible for teaching the arts in our schools and colleges — a category that includes not only specialists in the arts but many who teach other subjects as well, hence the word “we” — do not as a group pay sufficient attention to Dewey’s views on the subject. We do not take his aestheticsseriouslyis my preferred way of putting it, for although we may pay homage to Dewey as one of the luminaries of the field and though we may even quote him from time to time, we do not listen carefully to what he has to say, much less try to put his ideas to work in our own teaching. Even art educators have largely ignoredArt as ExperienceDewey’s sole text on the subject of aesthetics and without doubt one of his greatest works. In a recently published history of the field ([Efland 1990]) the book goes unmentioned, nor does its name appear in one of art education’s most popular textbooks ([Chapman 1978]). In two other well-known texts ([Lowenfeld and Brittain 1982], [Feldman 1970]) it receives only the briefest of references. This persistent neglect stands in need of change. For not only do art educators have much to gain from readingArt as Experience and taking its lessons to heart, we all do.
HeartMate II Explants Due to Hemolysis Show Acute on Chronic Laminar Fibrin Layering at Stators

Purpose The progression of hemolysis to LVAD thrombosis is incompletely understood. Despite antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation with coumadin, clot formation within LVADS occurs at a variable rate, leading to LVAD dysfunction and ultimately failure. Clot progression and anatomy is poorly defined. Understanding the location and structure of clot may help in its treatment and target prevention. Methods and Materials 266 Patients had HM2s placed between 2007-2012. Six devices were explanted and preserved specifically for pathologic analysis. HM2 were evaluated in 3 areas (inlet stator [IS], outlet stator [OS], rotor assembly [RA]). Tissues were with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic evaluation for cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, red cell and bacteria were performed. Results The average support time was 292±533 (34-1377) days. LDH prior to explant was 4434±3511 (703-8884). No cells were found at the core of any of the clots. All patients had both coumadin and aspirin therapy. [Table 1] [ figure 1 ] Conclusions Stator build-up occurs within 30 days of HM2 implantation. The microscopic structure is the same at the stator bearings, whether it was 34 days or 1377 days. This appears to be an interaction of heat and blood components as cells are absent at the core. RA clot has a similar concentric chronic layering found in the stator, suggesting that RA clot may be extension of the process on the stator bearing vs acute thrombus. Medical therapy targeting fibrin formation may lead to reduced fibrin load on the bearing and decease pump dysfunction. CLOT Support(Days) Inlet Stator Rotor Outlet Stator Fibrin Layering Pump 1 1377 Y N Y Y Pump 2 127 Y N Y Y Pump 3 66 Y Y N Y Pump 4 34 Y Y Y Y Pump 5 57 Y Y Y Y Pump 6 88 N N Y Y
Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Significant Myxomatous Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing Exercise Echocardiography

Background—Significant myxomatous mitral regurgitation leads to progressive left ventricular (LV) decline, resulting in congestive heart failure and death. Such patients benefit from mitral valve surgery. Exercise echocardiography aids in risk stratification and helps decide surgical timing. We sought to assess predictors of outcomes in such patients undergoing exercise echocardiography. Methods and Results—This is an observational study of 884 consecutive patients (age, 58±14 years; 67% men) with grade III+ or greater myxomatous mitral regurgitation who underwent exercise echocardiography between January 2000 and December 2011 (excluding functional mitral regurgitation, prior valvular surgery, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, rheumatic valvular disease, or greater than mild mitral stenosis). Clinical and echocardiographic data (mitral regurgitation, LV ejection fraction, LV dimensions, right ventricular systolic pressure) and exercise variables (metabolic equivalents, heart rate recovery at 1 minute after ex...
Healthcare‐associated Infections: Epidemiology, Prevention, and Therapy

Reducing nosocomial infection rates is a major component of healthcare improvement. This article reviews the epidemiology, prevention, and therapy for some of the most common healthcare-associated infections, including central line-associated bloodstream infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and 3 common organisms: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug- resistant gram-negative bacteria, and Clostridium difficile.
Early furosemide therapy in premature infants (≤2000 gm) with respiratory distress syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

Pulmonary edema has been demonstrated in the early stages of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. To evaluate whether early furosemide therapy (0 to 8 hours after birth) would affect the electrolyte balance, pulmonary status, and outcome, 57 infants (≤2000 gm) with respiratory distress syndrome who required mechanical ventilation shortly after birth were randomized into two groups: 29 given furosemide (1 mg/kg/day intravenously for three doses) and 27 control. The clinical, biochemical, and laboratory characteristics of the groups were comparable before entry into the study. Administration of furosemide significantly enhanced the urinary excretion of Na and Cl at 0 to 24, 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hours and of Ca at 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hours after drug administration. There was no significant difference between the groups in urinary excretion of K and in serum Na, Cl, K, and Ca values. A spontaneous increase in urine output occurred in the control groupat 48 to 72 hours after the initiation of the study (mean -SD 7.0±3.5 hours postnatal age), along with a decrease in mean airway pressure for mechanical ventilation. The use of furosemide (7.3±3.5 hours postnatal age) enhanced urine output at 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hours after medication, resulting in further decrease in mean airway pressure and facilitating extubation. There was, however, no significant difference between the groups with respect to incidence of patent ductus arteriosus, morbidity from bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and mortality.
Intramembranous Particle Aggregation in Lymphoid Cells

MANDEL1 has shown, using freeze fracture, that the intramembranous particles of many murine lymphocytes are found in well-defined, tightly packed aggregates. Experiments where athymic “nude” mice or mice depleted of T cells were used, resulted in a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes exhibiting this aggregation; it was therefore suggested that only T lymphocytes contained clustered particles.
Prospective Study of Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG Seropositivity and Risks of Future Myocardial Infarction

Background—Chlamydia pneumoniae has been hypothesized to play a role in atherothrombosis. However, prospective data relating exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae and risks of future myocardial infarction (MI) are sparse. Methods and Results—In a prospective cohort of nearly 15 000 healthy men, we measured IgG antibodies directed against Chlamydia pneumoniae in blood samples collected at baseline from 343 study participants who subsequently reported a first MI and from an equal number of age- and smoking-matched control subjects who did not report vascular disease during a 12-year follow-up period. The proportion of study subjects with IgG antibodies directed against Chlamydia increased with age and cigarette consumption. However, prevalence rates of Chlamydia IgG seropositivity were virtually identical at baseline among men who subsequently reported first MI compared with age- and smoking-matched control subjects. Specifically, the relative risks of future MI associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG titers ≥1...
Michael Rogin on race, gender and film history

(1997). Michael Rogin on race, gender and film history. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 137-143.
Estimation of entrainment response using electrograms from remote sites: validation in animal and computer models of reentrant tachycardia.

Estimation of Entrainment Response. Introduction: Studies suggest that entrainment response (ER) of reentrant tachycardia to overdrive pacing can be estimated using signals from sites other than the paced site. Methods and Results: A formula for estimation of ER using remote sites against the difference between the postpacing interval (PPI) and tachycardia cycle length (TCL) determined solely from the paced site signal was validated in experimental data and using a simple two-dimensional cellular automata model of reentry. The model also was used to study the behavior and features of entrained surfaces, including the resetting of tachycardia phase by single premature paced stimuli. Experimental results from 1,484 remote sites in 115 pacing sequences showed the average of the median ER estimate error at each pacing site was−2 ± 5 msec, and the median ER estimate was within 10 msec of PPI–TCL for 94% of pacing sites. From simulation results, ER at the paced site was accurately estimated from >99.8% of 20,764 remote sites during pacing at 24 sites and three paced cycle lengths. Intervals measured from remote electrograms revealed whether the site was activated orthodromically or nonorthodromically during pacing, and results of simulations illustrated that the portion of the surface activated nonorthodromically during pacing increased with distance from the pacing site to the circuit. The phenomenon of nonorthodromic activation of reentrant circuits predicted by modeling was discernible in measurements taken from the animal model of reentrant tachycardia. Results also showed that, for single premature stimuli that penetrated the tachycardia circuit, phase reset of the tachycardia was linearly related to distance between the central obstacle and the paced site. Conclusion: The ER is a complex but predictable perturbation of the global activation sequence of reentrant tachycardias. This predictability allows calculations of the response from anywhere on the perturbed surface. These findings suggest new techniques for measurement of the ER, which may lend themselves to computer-based methods for accurate and rapid mapping of reentrant circuits.
Combustion properties of Bromus tectorum L.: influence of ecotype and growth under four CO2 concentrations

We grew from seed the exotic invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum L., collected from three elevation ecotypes in northern Nevada, USA. Plants were exposed to four CO2 atmosphere concentrations: 270, 320, 370, and 420 µmol mol −1 . After harvest on day 87, above-ground tissue was milled, conditioned to 30% relative humidity, and combustion properties were measured using a cone calorimeter. Plants exposed to 270 µmol mol −1 CO2 had significantly less total heat released than plants exposed to higher CO2 concentrations. Total heat released was least for the low-elevation ecotype, statistically similar for the mid-elevation ecotype, and significantly increased for the high-elevation ecotype. Plant attributes that significantly correlated with heat release included tissue concentrations of lignin, glucan, xylan, potassium, calcium, and manganese. The data suggest that a decline in tissue concentrations of lignin, xylan, and mineral constituents, as CO2 concentration increases from 270 µmol mol −1 to higher levels, affects the combustion process. We suspect that as tissue concentrations of lignin and inorganics decline, char formation decreases, thereby allowing more complete combustion. Changes in combustion parameters of B. tectorum induced by different CO2 concentrations and elevation ecotype may be a strong consideration to understanding fire behaviors of the past, present, and future.
Mechanized verification of computing dominators for formalizing compilers

One prerequisite to the formal verification of modern compilers is to formalize computing dominators, which enable SSA forms, advanced optimizations, and analysis. This paper provides an abstract specification of dominance analysis that is sufficient for formalizing modern compilers; it describes a certified implementation and instance of the specification that is simple to design and reason about, and also reasonably efficient. The paper also presents applications of dominance analysis: an SSA-form type checker, verifying SSA-based optimizations, and constructing dominator trees. This development is a part of the Vellvm project. All proofs and implementation have been carried out in Coq.
Following Their Lead: Supporting Children's Ideas for Creating Dances

Abstract When children create dances using their ideas, they are empowered to explore their thoughts, feelings, and perspectives. Through dance, they bring their inner self to the surface where they can express their dreams, fears, needs, and joys. Dance educators need to support children's ideas and trust the children's creative process, especially when the educator may not agree with the meaningfulness of the dance content or structure. Educators must be able to offer support without undue interference. The vision for the dance belongs to the children. The article illuminates a refective stance on teaching and observing children creating their own dances based on their ideas. Included are examples of dances that illustrate children's choices for dance topics, dance stories, and their creative processes in dance making.
Atmosphere models of magnetized neutron stars: QED effects, radiation spectra and polarization signals

Observations of surface emission from isolated neutron stars (NSs) provide unique challenges to theoretical modelling of radiative transfer in magnetized NS atmospheres. Recent work has demonstrated the critical role of vacuum polarization effects in determining NS spectra and polarization signals, in particular the conversion of photon modes (due to the 'vacuum resonance' between plasma and vacuum polarization) propagating in the density gradient of the NS atmosphere. Previous NS atmosphere models incorporated the mode conversion effect approximately, relying on transfer equations for the photon modes. Such treatments are inadequate near the vacuum resonance, particularly for magnetic field strengths around B ∼ B l ≃ 7 × 10 13 G, where the vacuum resonance occurs near the photosphere. In this paper, we provide an accurate treatment of the mode conversion effect in magnetized NS atmosphere models, employing both the modal radiative transfer equations coupled with an accurate mode conversion probability at the vacuum resonance, and the full evolution equations for the photon Stokes parameters. In doing so, we are able to quantitatively calculate the effects of vacuum polarization on atmosphere structure, emission spectra and beam patterns, and polarizations for the entire range of magnetic field strengths, B = 10 12 -10 15 G. In agreement with previous works, we find that for NSs with magnetic field strength B ≥ 2B l , vacuum polarization reduces the widths of spectral features, and softens the hard spectral tail typical of magnetized atmosphere models. For B ≤ B l /2, vacuum polarization does not change the emission spectra, but can significantly affect the polarization signals. Our new, accurate treatment of vacuum polarization is particularly important for quantitative modelling of NS atmospheres with 'intermediate' magnetic fields, B ≃ (0.5-2) B l . We provide fitting formulae for the temperature profiles for a suite of NS atmosphere models with different field strengths, effective temperatures and chemical compositions (ionized H or He). These analytical profiles are useful for direct modelling of various observed properties of NS surface emission. As an example, we calculate the observed intensity and polarization light curves from a rotating NS hotspot, taking into account the evolution of photon polarization in the magnetosphere. We show that vacuum polarization induces a unique energy-dependent linear polarization signature, and that circular polarization can be generated in the magnetosphere of rapidly rotating NSs. We discuss the implications of our results to recent observations of thermally emitting isolated NSs and magnetars, as well as the prospects of future spectral and polarization observations.
The diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa

We evaluated our literature-based estimates of diagnostic test characteristics and aggressive and conservative strategies for the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) by reviewing 1980 through 1985 data from the University of Chicago Medical Center, Michael Reese Hospital, and Northwestern University Medical School. Test specificity was calculated by reviewing pathology and radiology reports on all relevant procedures done at the University of Chicago Medical Center in 1984 and 1985. There were no reports of false-positive findings (including angiography); thus, test specificity was 100% for muscle, nerve, kidney, liver, and testicular biopsy, which was comparable with our literature-based estimate of 97%. Test sensitivity was based on the 18 confirmed cases of PAN from the 3 institutions and was similar to that in published reports, ranging from 0% for liver biopsy to 100% for visceral angiography. Review of each case for diagnostic test sequence showed an average of 2 diagnostic procedures to confirm the diagnosis (range 1–6). Eight of 18 patients were evaluated according to the conservative strategy we proposed from our literature-based decision analysis approach. No patient was evaluated with the aggressive strategy, although 1 patient had 6 invasive procedures. Of the remaining 10 patients, 9 represented cases that might have been confirmed had the conservative approach been used, and if it had been used, 6 patients would have had the diagnosis confirmed. Thus, the minimum sensitivity of our conservative strategy is 78%, although based on these data, it could be as high as 100%. Our findings suggest that an effective diagnostic approach to the patient with suspected PAN is first serologic and biochemical evaluation, followed by electromyography and nerve conduction velocity to localize symptomatic muscle and nerve involvement. Invasive testing should include muscle and/or nerve biopsy for those with symptomatic sites; if these show negative findings, visceral angiography should be performed. If there is no symptomatic site, visceral angiography should be performed; if the findings are negative, blind muscle biopsy should be performed. Testicular biopsy should be considered if the patient is symptomatic, although there are presently too few data about this procedure to recommend it without qualification. This conservative strategy appears to maximize the accuracy and minimize the cost and morbidity of the investigation.
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder in neuronal networks with adaptation

We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal networks with spike frequency adaptation. In particular, we compare the effects of adaptation being either a linear or nonlinear function of neural activity. We find that altering parameters controlling the strength of synaptic connections in the network can lead to spatially structured activity suggestive of symptoms of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD). First, we study how both networks track spatially homogeneous flickering stimuli, and find input is encoded as continuous at lower flicker frequencies when the network's synapses exhibit more net excitation. Mainly, we study instabilities of stimulus-driven traveling pulse solutions, representative of visual trailing phenomena common to HPPD patients. Visual trails are reported as discrete afterimages in the wake of a moving input. Thus, we analyze several solutions arising in response to moving inputs in both networks: an ON state, stimulus-locked pulses, and traveling breathers. We find traveling breathers can arise in both networks when an input moves beyond a critical speed. These possible neural substrates of visual trails occur at slower speeds when the modulation of synaptic connectivity is increased.