cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Varieties of Indian Theological Dualism

The doctrine of the creation of the world by God is an essential part of Classical Monotheism. It entails theological dualism — that there exist at least two sorts of entities: God, and God’s creatures. God is viewed as having independent existence; there is nothing other than God whose non-existence would entail or cause His nonexistence. God’s creatures have dependent existence; God’s non-existence would entail their non-existence. The notion of Classical Monotheism will receive further discussion below. My concern here is with the theological dualism of two Indian theologian-philosophers, Rāmānuja and Madhva.
Toward an "Awareness" of the Relationship between Task Performance and Own Verbal Accounts of that Performance.

The existence of learning without awareness has been debated for many years. Learning without awareness is said to occur when an individual's behavior has been affected without that individual being aware of the conditions affecting the behavior, of the relationship between those conditions and the behavior, or of the fact that the behavior has changed. This paper describes a series of experiments investigating this phenomenon. The findings support the existence of “learning without awareness.” However, it is argued that the term “awareness” should be discarded as it is misleading. Instead, the results of the experiments are discussed in terms of behavior for which the individual does not provide a complete verbal account.
Evaluation of carbon dioxide storage and miscible gas EOR in shale oil reservoirs

Abstract This paper presents a new perspective on modeling of CO2 and miscible gas injection into shale oil plays for potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage. Our major points are the conceptual understandings of the dominant trapping and the oil recovery mechanisms behind miscible gas injection. This paper investigates the efficiency of miscible gas (solvent) injection into shale oil reservoirs with a wide range of permeability (from 1 to 100 µD). We set up a large-scale numerical model to simulate and capture the important mechanisms behind various miscible gas injection and geological storage scenarios. This numerical study demonstrates that injecting miscible gas such as CO2 and recycled gas rich in ethane substantially increases oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs. Numerical simulation models reveal that miscibility and CO2 adsorption, along with gas diffusion, are important physical mechanisms. However, recycled-enriched gas injection demonstrated a larger oil recovery rate compared to miscible CO2 injection. On the other hand, CO2 trapping is considerable, because of adsorption and other traditional trapping mechanisms in shale plays. The amount of CO2 trapped in unconventional reservoirs can be a significant fraction of the total injected amount (∼25 to50% including the important and dominant trapping mechanisms, e.g. CO2 dissolution in oil and water, adsorption, residual, and mobile gas saturations). Results show that molecular diffusion can speed CO2 flux delivery to larger matrix area and thus contribute to oil recovery, and become trapped and adsorbed on minerals or organic contents.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Demonstrate Mitochondrial Damage Clearance During Sepsis.

OBJECTIVES Metabolic derangements in sepsis stem from mitochondrial injury and contribute significantly to organ failure and mortality; however, little is known about mitochondrial recovery in human sepsis. We sought to test markers of mitochondrial injury and recovery (mitochondrial biogenesis) noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis and correlate serial measurements with clinical outcomes. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Academic Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Hospital. PATIENTS Uninfected control patients (n = 20) and septic ICU patients (n = 37). INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were collected once from control patients and serially with clinical data on days 1, 3, and 5 from septic patients. Gene products for HMOX1, NRF1, PPARGC1A, and TFAM, and mitochondrial DNA ND1 and D-loop were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma and neutrophil lysates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Median (interquartile range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were 21 (8) and 10 (4), respectively, and 90-day mortality was 19%. Transcript levels of all four genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were significantly reduced in septic patients on day 1 (p < 0.05), whereas mitochondrial DNA copy number fell and plasma D-loop increased (both p < 0.05), indicative of mitochondrial damage. D-loop content was directly proportional to tumor necrosis factor-α and high-mobility group protein B1 cytokine expression. By day 5, we observed transcriptional activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and restoration of mitochondrial DNA copy number (p < 0.05). Patients with early activation of mitochondrial biogenesis were ICU-free by 1 week. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support data that sepsis-induced mitochondrial damage is reversed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and that gene transcripts measured noninvasively in peripheral blood mononuclear cells can serve as novel biomarkers of sepsis recovery.
Gabrielle: A Young Woman in Pain Who Is Opioid Dependent

This chapter illustrates how the EBP practice decision-making process is undertaken in work with Gabrielle, a 23-year-old African-American woman who became opioid dependent following a sports injury. Gabrielle self-referred with encouragement from many people in her life. Gabrielle has many strengths and no prior mental health history. Issues of assessment are addressed, and the six steps of the EBP process are each explored in detail. How EBP is done in practice is examined fully as it applies to the specifics of Gabrielle’s needs and strengths.
Assessing risk factors of non-fatal outcomes amid a competing risk of mortality: the example of hip fracture

The Fine-Gray method is often used instead of Cox regression to account for competing risks of death in time-to-event analyses for non-fatal outcomes. A series of examples using well-known risk factors of hip fracture in an older cohort with substantial competing mortality demonstrates that the Fine-Gray approach can yield estimates that implausibly contradict long-established associations, while Cox regression preserves them. Cox regression is generally preferred for risk factor-outcome associations even in the presence of competing risk of death. Factors like age, sex, and race are associated not only with risk of hip fracture but also with mortality. Substantial misunderstanding remains regarding the appropriate statistical approach to account for the competing risk of mortality. In the Cardiovascular Health Study, an ongoing cohort study of 5888 older adults, we followed participants for incident hip fracture from their 1992–1993 visit through June 2014. We contrasted the conventional cause-specific Cox analysis, which censors individuals at the time of death, with the Fine-Gray (FG) approach, which extends participant follow-up even after death, to estimate the association of well-established demographic and clinical factors with incident hip fracture. For age, current smoking and sex, Cox and FG methods yielded directionally concordant but quantitatively different strengths of association. For example, the Cox hazard ratio (HR) for a 5-year increment in age was 1.74 (95% CI, 1.61–1.87), while the corresponding FG HR was 1.16 (1.09–1.24). In contrast, the FG approach estimated a stronger association of hip fracture with sex. The two approaches yielded nearly identical results for race. For diabetes and kidney function, the estimates were discordant in direction, and the FG HRs suggested effects that were in the opposite direction of well-understood and widely accepted associations. Cause-specific Cox models provide appropriate estimates of hazard for non-fatal outcomes like hip fracture even in the presence of competing risk of mortality. The Cox approach estimates hazard in the population of individuals who have not yet had an incident hip fracture and remain alive, which is typically the group of clinical interest. The Fine-Gray method estimates hazard in a hypothetical population that can yield misleading inferences about risk factors in populations of clinical interest.
The Association of Abnormal Liver Tests with Hepatitis C Testing in Primary Care.

Abstract Background As hepatitis C virus birth cohort (1945-1965) screening in primary care improves, testing patterns in response to persistently abnormal liver tests are less well known. Methods This retrospective cohort study of a patient-centered medical home between 2007 and 2016 evaluates the association of abnormal liver chemistries and other clinical and demographic factors with hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab) testing in patients with persistently abnormal liver tests. Patients with at least 2 consecutive abnormal liver tests were categorized by the clinical pattern of liver chemistry abnormality, including cholestatic, hepatocellular, and mixed patterns. The primary outcomes were: 1) completed HCV Ab tests; and 2) positive HCV Ab results for those patients tested. Results Of 4512 patients with consecutive abnormal liver tests, only 730 (16%) underwent HCV Ab testing within 1 year of the second abnormality; 81/730 (11%) had HCV Ab detected. A logistic regression model revealed that mixed (odds ratio [OR] 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-2.82) and hepatocellular (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15-1.79) patterns of liver test abnormality, female sex, and alcohol and tobacco abuse were associated with higher odds of HCV Ab testing. Hepatocellular (OR 7.51; 95% CI, 2.18-25.94) and mixed patterns (OR 5.88; 95% CI, 1.64-21.15) of liver test abnormalities, male sex, Medicaid enrollment, and drug and tobacco abuse had higher odds of positive HCV Ab results. Conclusions There is opportunity to improve hepatitis C diagnostic testing in patients with consecutively elevated liver tests, and hepatocellular and mixed patterns of abnormality should prompt primary care providers to action.
The Argonne Target Library

As part of the proposal to DOE-NP for the Center for Accelerator Target Science (CATS) initiative, one of the objectives was to develop an inventory of existing targets that will serve as a pool available to the community. Targets collections have been recovered from Yale University due to the closing of their Tandem Accelerator Facility. In addition, accumulated targets from target preparation in the Physics Division over several decades have also been assembled with the intent of providing them to whomever would have a use for them. Space has now become available to compile, catalogue and house these collections. Thus, the Argonne Target Library has been established and its progress and outlook will be discussed in detail.
SIXTEEN – VECTOR FUNCTIONS, VECTOR DIFFERENTIATION, AND PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses vector functions with examples and presents some parametric equations. It discusses how to calculate the derivative of a vector function. It also explains the differentiation and integration of a vector function and presents some differentiation formulas. In many problems, it is convenient to use the arc length s as a parameter. The chapter discusses velocity, acceleration, force, and momentum. It presents the calculation of the vectors that describe the motion of an object in a vertical plane. The chapter discusses curvature and the acceleration vector. The curvature is a measure of how fast the curve turns as one moves along it. The curvature of a circle is constant and that its radius of curvature is its radius with examples. The chapter presents the calculation of the curvature. There is an interesting relationship between curvature and acceleration vectors.
Can Physical Design Help Reduce Loneliness in the Elderly? A Theoretical Exploration.

Background:Over the past several years, a new problem affecting the elderly population has been increasingly reported in popular press—the elderly population is dying as a result of loneliness and ...
Public Diplomacy at Home: Domestic Dimensions: by Ellen Huijgh, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff University Press, 2019, 223 pp., €143.00$172.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-90-04-39422-3

Over the past 50 years – and probably longer – international relations scholars and practitioners have grappled with the weakening of the barrier between domestic politics and international relatio...
Tert-Butoxide-Mediated Protodeformylation of Tertiary Homobenzaldehydes

Tert-butoxide mediates the protodeformylation of tertiary homobenzaldehydes and related compounds at ambient temperature. Both geminal dialkyl and geminal diaryl substituents are tolerated. Monocyclic aromatic homobenzaldehydes require cyclic gem-dialkyls or gem-diaryls for efficient protodeformylation, whereas gem-dimethyls are sufficient for protodeformylation of polycyclic arenyl substrates. Our data suggest a stabilized radical is generated upon attack of the aldehyde by tert-butoxide.
HIV testing preferences, barriers and facilitators to receiving HIV services among young Black sexual minority men.

Young Black sexual minority men (YBSMM) represent a high-priority population for HIV prevention research. HIV testing is a critical public health tool to prevent HIV transmission and is an integral component of health care for high-priority populations. The present study uses Andersen's model of health care utilization as a framework to explore the HIV testing preferences of YBSMM and the barriers and facilitators to receiving HIV services as a means to increase regular HIV testing. A sample of 57 YBSMM (M =19 years) in Washington, DC responded to closed and open-ended questions regarding preferences for HIV testing across various venues. Approximately 61% of the sample reported a previous HIV test and 12% reported a positive result. Participants were most willing to receive free HIV testing at medical establishments and schools. Concerns for privacy were most notable for testing at churches, malls, and schools. Identified barriers to receiving HIV services included cost, stigma, privacy, and access whereas identified facilitators included low cost and support. The findings encourage integrating regular HIV testing into the health care regiment of YBSMM and increasing youth's autonomy over their sexual health.
Maternal effect genes: Update and review of evidence for a link with birth defects

Summary Maternal effect genes (MEGs) encode factors (e.g., RNA) that are present in the oocyte and required for early embryonic development. Hence, while these genes and gene products are of maternal origin, their phenotypic consequences result from effects on the embryo. The first mammalian MEGs were identified in the mouse in 2000 and were associated with early embryonic loss in the offspring of homozygous null females. In humans, the first MEG was identified in 2006, in women who had experienced a range of adverse reproductive outcomes, including hydatidiform moles, spontaneous abortions, and stillbirths. Over 80 mammalian MEGs have subsequently been identified, including several that have been associated with phenotypes in humans. In general, pathogenic variants in MEGs or the absence of MEG products are associated with a spectrum of adverse outcomes, which in humans range from zygotic cleavage failure to offspring with multi-locus imprinting disorders. Although less established, there is also evidence that MEGs are associated with structural birth defects (e.g., craniofacial malformations, congenital heart defects). This review provides an updated summary of mammalian MEGs reported in the literature through early 2021, as well as an overview of the evidence for a link between MEGs and structural birth defects.
Surface characteristics of fresh produce and their impact on attachment and removal of human pathogens on produce surfaces.

Fresh fruits and vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet. The consumption of these fresh foods has experienced a significant increase in recent years. However, there are also a number of foodborne illnesses associated with the consumption of fruits and vegetables contaminated by pathogenic organisms. The microbial safety of fresh produce has become a concern that may impede the further development of the produce industry. Sanitation practices that have been developed and applied seem to have limited effect against microorganisms attached to produce surfaces. Besides potential biofilm formation, the surface characteristic of the produce may have played a vital role in limiting the effectiveness of a sanitation treatment. Studies into the interactions between microorganisms, produce surface characteristics, and sanitizers will provide an insight into this complicated issue. A summary of recent investigations into the effects of produce surface topology, hydrophobicity, and other properties on the attachment and removal of bacteria is presented in this chapter. The focus is given to some newly developed methods for the quantification of produce surface characteristics.
Electrostatically driven synthetic microjet arrays as a propulsion method for micro flight: Part I: principles of operation, modeling, and simulation

A novel propulsion method suitable for micromachining is presented that takes advantage of Helmholtz resonance, acoustic streaming, and eventually flow entrainment and thrust augmentation. In this method, an intense acoustic field is created inside the cavity of a Helmholtz resonator. Flow velocities at the resonator throat are amplified by the resonator and create a jet stream due to acoustic streaming. These jets are used to form a propulsion system. In this paper a system hierarchy incorporating the new method is described and the relevant governing equations for the Helmholtz resonator operation and acoustic streaming are derived. These equations can predict various device parameters such as cavity pressure amplitude, exit jet velocity and generated thrust. In a sample embodiment, an electrostatic actuator is used for generation of the initial acoustic field. The relevant design parameters for the actuator are discussed and an equivalent circuit model is synthesized for the device operation. The circuit model can predict the lowest order system resonance frequencies and the small signal energy conversion efficiency. A representative resonator performance is simulated and it is shown that velocities above 16 m/s are expected at jet nozzles. The calculated delivered thrust by this resonator with 0.7 μm diaphragm displacement amplitude is 3.3 μN at the resonance frequency.
Utilization of cytoreductive nephrectomy and patient survival in the targeted therapy era

We sought to analyze utilization and survival outcomes of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) before and after introduction of targeted therapy. We identified patients with metastatic RCC between 1993 and 2010 in the SEER registry and examined temporal trends in utilization. We performed a joinpoint regression to determine when changes in utilization of CN occurred. We fitted multivariable proportional hazard models in full and propensity score-matched cohorts. We performed a difference-in-difference analysis to compare survival outcomes before and after introduction of targeted therapy. The proportion of patients undergoing CN increased from 1993 to 2004, from 29% to 39%. We identified a primary joinpoint of 2004, just prior to the introduction of targeted therapy. Beginning in 2005, there was a modest decrease in utilization of CN. CN was associated with a lower adjusted relative hazard (0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.43). Median survival among patients receiving CN increased in the targeted therapy era (19 vs. 13 months), while median survival among patients not receiving CN increased only slightly (4 vs. 3 months). Difference-in-difference analysis showed a significant decrease in hazard of death among patients who received CN in the targeted therapy era. Despite decreased utilization in the targeted therapy era, CN remains associated with improved survival. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the benefit of CN among patients with metastatic RCC treated with novel targeted therapies.
The alternative splicing of fibronectin pre-mRNA is altered during aging and in response to growth factors

The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine alternative splicing at each of the three fibronectin exons known to undergo alternative splicing, i.e. extra domain A (ED-A), extra domain B (ED-B), and type III connecting sequence (IIICS). Ratios of fibronectin mRNAs with or without a given exon were determined in several rat tissues and human cell lines during aging in vivo and cellular senescence in vitro. We demonstrate that statistically significant shifts in the alternative splicing of fibronectin occur during aging in vivo and in vitro. Since all three alternatively spliced exons are spliced out at a higher frequency in aging tissues and cells, the fibronectin protein produced by old cells should be slightly smaller than that obtained from young cells. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrates tissue-specific patterns of alternative splicing in several tissues. Whereas fibronectin mRNAs from adult rat tissues were found to range from 0 to 25% ED-A+ and from 0 to 10% ED-B+, fibronectin mRNAs from cultured cell lines were found to be approximately 50-60% ED-A+ and 15-25% ED-B+. We observed similarity in splicing of fibronectin RNA by the different cultured cell lines obtained from many tissues and attribute this observation to the effect of growth factors. We demonstrate that serum deprivation; placement of cells into primary culture; and growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, retinoic acid, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can all change the alternative splicing of fibronectin pre-mRNA in the ED-A, ED-B, and type III connecting sequence exons. Possible mechanisms for the regulation of the alternative splicing of fibronectin RNA by growth factors are discussed.
Extending the dimensions of education: designing, developing, and delivering effective distance-education classes

Using facilities for videoconferencing, satellite transmission, and streaming audio/video on the Web, classes can be delivered from a central site to one or more remote locations simultaneously. This paper discusses considerations derived from "user-centered design" for designing and developing distance-education courses in technical communication and human-computer interaction.
Principles of brain evolution

Part 1: Evolutionary Neuroscience: This Book's Scope And Ambition The Book's Scope and Major Themes Part 2: A Historyof Comparative Neurobiology The Birth of Comparative Neuroanatomy Darwin's Time: The Owen-Huxley Debate The Era of Comparative Cytoarchitectonics Comparative Hodology and Histochemistry The Rise of Neurocladistics The Rejuvenation of Comparative Neuroembryology Conclusions Part 3: Conservation In Vertebrate Brains A "Who's Who" of Vertebrates Comparing Adult Brains Adult Brain Regions Adult Cell Types Neuron-typical Molecules Comparing Embryonic Brains The Neuromeric Model Criticisms of the Neuromeric Model Mapping Embryos onto Adults Conclusion Part 4: Evolutionary Changes In Overall Brain Size Changes in Relative Brain Size Mechanisms of Brain-body Scaling Functional Correlates of Relative Brain Size Changes in Absolute Brain Size Constraints and Compromises Conclusions Part 5: Evolutionary Changes In Brain Region Size Concerted versus Mosaic Evolution Concerted Evolution Mosaic Evolution Toward a Synthesis Functional Correlates of Brain Region Size The Principle of Proper Mass Absolute Size and Functional Capacity Proportional Size and Influence Relative Size and Adaptation Synthesis: The Avian Hippocampus Conclusions Part 6: Evolutionary Changes In Brain Region Structure Homology and Novelty Phylogenetic Conversion: Lamination Phylogenetic Proliferation: Segregation Phylogenetic Proliferation: Addition Conclusions Part 7: Evolution Of Neuronal Connectivity Epigenetic Population Matching and Cascades The Parcellation Hypothesis Connectional invasion and Its Consequences General Principles of Network Design Synthesis and Conclusions Part 8: What's Special About Mammal Brains? Early Mammals and their Brains The Phylogenetic History of Neocortex Beyond the Neocortex Conclusion Part 9: What's Special About Human Brains? Primate Behavior and Overall Brain Size Evolutionary Changes in Primate Brain Organization Hominin Behavior and Overall Brain Size Evolutionary Changes in Hominin Brain Organization Conclusions Part 10: What's Special About Human Brains? Explanatory Strategies in Evolutionary Neuroscience Steps Toward Synthesis Absolute and Relative Brain Size Conclusion
The lateral extent and characteristics of the North Pacific Central environment at 35°N

Abstract The study concerns the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, lateral extent, and heterogeneity of the North Pacific Central environment at latitude 35°N, in comparison with the environment at a long term study site at 28°N, 155°W. THe primary sta were collected in spring 1976, along a section from California to Japan. In July 1977, a segment of this section was repeated. Principal component analysis reduced the physical and chemical data from the 1976 section to four axes along which five environments were identified: the California Current, the Eastern North Central Pacific (ENCP), the Western North Central Pacific (WNCP), cold core stations (presumably meanders or rings from the Kuroshio extension), and the Kuroshio Current. The biological characteristics of these environments were assessed by means of a chlorophyll index, derived from a second principal component analysis. The ENCP was similar environmentally and biologically to the study site at 28°N, 155°W and was significantly more oligotrophic than the other environments. The chlorophyll index within the ENCP showed marked temporal and spatial stability, greater than in the WNCP. This stability may be related to the reduced hydrographic variability that physical oceanographers have observed in the eastern, mid-latitude portions of northern oceans.
Contouring abutment teeth with cast gold inlays for removable partial dentures.

Abstract Although cast gold crown restorations are most often indicated for abutments in removable partial denture construction, certain conditions are more practically approached with cast gold inlays. The preparation must be designed to provide maximum retention for the inlay, while adequate protection of the abutment tooth and of the supporting structures is maintained.
Association of axonally transported proteins with goldfish brain myelin fractions.

—The presence of rapidly transported axonal proteins in purified preparations of myelin has been investigated in the goldfish visual system. Fish were injected intraocularly with 3H proline and contralateral optic tecta were pooled 8–12 h later for purification of myelin. Three purification procedures were employed using continuous and discontinuous gradients of sucrose and continuous gradients of CsCl. All of the myelin preparations were found to have physical, chemical and enzymatic properties attributable to relatively pure preparations of myelin. The goldfish myelin differed from mammalian preparations in having a slightly lower density and in containing an additional major protein of approx. 45,000 mol. wt. All of the myelin preparations retained relatively high levels of axonally transported radioactivity with specific radioactivities which ranged from 70 to 80 per cent of that of the whole tectal homogenate. Acrylamide gel analysis showed the myelin-associated radioactivity to be confined to the higher molecular weight proteins with very little radioactivity associated with basic protein or proteolipid protein. Both the axonally transported radioactivity and the group of higher molecular weight proteins were found to be more concentrated in a myelin subfraction of relatively high density than in a subfraction of low density. The possible significance of the association of axonally transported proteins with myelin is discussed.
New model better estimates mantle melt percentage

Studying structures on Earth that arise because of mantle melt—hot spots, mid-ocean ridges, and continental rifts—helps scientists understand the evolution and dynamics of the planet. To quantify the fraction of mantle melting, scientists analyze seismic waves that travel through the mantle and crust, or they conduct a magnetotelluric (MT) survey, which measures the natural variations of the mantle's electrical and magnetic fields.
COST ESTIMATION PREDICTIVE MODELING: REGRESSION VERSUS NEURAL NETWORK

ABSTRACT Cost estimation generally involves predicting labor, material, utilities or other costs over time given a small subset of factual data on “cost drivers.” Statistical models, usually of the regression form, have assisted with this projection. Artificial neural networks are non-parametric statistical estimators, and thus have potential for use in cost estimation modeling. This research examined the performance, stability and ease of cost estimation modeling using regression versus neural networks to develop cost estimating relationships (CERs). Results show that neural networks have advantages when dealing with data that does not adhere to the generally chosen low order polynomial forms, or data for which there is little a priori knowledge of the appropriate CER to select for regression modeling. However, in cases where an appropriate CER can be identified, regression models have significant advantages in terms of accuracy, variability, model creation and model examination. Both simulated and actua...
Applicability of linearized Boussinesq equation for modeling bank storage under uncertain aquifer parameters

Abstract Boussinesq's equation is frequently employed to study the influence of flood-stage hydrographs in streams on bank storage effects. This equation is nonlinear and no analytical solutions are available for arbitrarily shaped stage hydrographs. Analytical solutions are presented for the linearized form of the equation, and expressions for the flow rate from the stream to the aquifer are developed. Results indicate that these analytical solutions may not be very accurate (as much as 10% error) when compared with numerical solution of the nonlinear equation. These deterministic analytical solutions lead to analytical expressions for the mean and variance of flux rates when the hydraulic properties of the aquifer are treated as random quantities. Monte-Carlo simulation results show that linearized analytical solutions are potentially useful for predicting mean flux rates when aquifer properties exhibit a large degree of variability.
A cryptic plasmid from Pasteurella multocida has a predicted protein nearly identical to a transport protein from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Several plasmids from Pasteurella multocida have been shown to carry antibiotic resistance genes but no other genes possibly related to the organism's pathogenesis. We report here that sequence from the plasmid pLEM from a fowl isolate of P. multocida, strain 1059, contained one open reading frame that had significant identity with a predicted protein from pVT745, a plasmid that was isolated from a human oral isolate of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. This predicted protein had significant homology at the amino acid level to cation transport proteins.
Seed oil and fatty acid composition in Capsicum spp.

The oil content and fatty acid composition of seed of 233 genebank accessions (total) of nine Capsicum species, and a single accession of Tubocapsicum anomalum, were determined. The physicochemical characteristics of oil extracted from seed of Capsicum annuum and Capsicum baccatum were also examined. Significant differences among mean values for seed oil content were detected among the cultivated Capsicum species. Oil content in seed of C. annuum var. annuum was significantly greater than that in seed of other cultivated species. Capsicum pubescens had the lowest average seed oil content. Among the non-cultivated taxa examined, seed of Capsicum galapagoense had the lowest oil content and T. anomalum the highest. Averages across the 5 cultivated taxa for the 4 principal fatty acids were 12.9%, 3.4%, 6.7% and 76.0% for C16:0 (palmitic), C18:0 (stearic), C18:1 (oleic) and C18:2 (linoleic), respectively. Linoleic acid was the principal fatty acid in all samples, with a high value of 81% in Capsicum chinense. Capsicum frutescens had the lowest percentage of total unsaturated fatty acids and T. anomalum the highest. In general, the oil content and fatty acid composition of seed of the wild taxa were similar to those of the cultivated species.
Performance of a benchmark parallel implementation of the Van Slyke and wets algorithm for two-stage stochastic programs on the sequent/balance

We describe a benchmark parallel version of the Van Slyke and Wets algorithm for two-stage stochastic programs and an implementation of that algorithm on the Sequent/Balance. We also report results of a numerical experiment using random test problems and our implementation. These performance results, to the best of our knowledge, are the first available for the Van Slyke and Wets algorithm on a parallel processor. They indicate that the benchmark implementation parallelizes well, and that even with the use of parallel processing, problems with random variables having large numbers of realizations can take prohibitively large amounts of computation for solution. Thus, they demonstrate the need for exploiting both parallelization and approximation for the solution of stochastic programs. 15 refs., 18 tabs.
Protracted Recharge of Treated Sewage into Sand Part III—Nutrient Transport Through the Sanda

Upon the information provided by the resistivity survey indicating that the most probable direction of flow of the sewage effluent discharged onto the sand beds at the Lake George Village sewage treatment plant is northerly along Gage Road toward West Brook, a survey was made of the West Brook flood plain, both upstream and downstream from Gage Road. Considerable seepage was found emanating from the base of the sand hill which delineates the West Brook valley. The high dissolved solids of this seepage plus other chemical parameters and the configuration of the land suggested that this seepage represented the effluent applied to the sand beds. Wells were placed in the sand beds and between the beds and West Brook. Measurement of the quality of the ground water in these wells indicates that phosphates are effectively removed in passing through approximately 2,000 feet (600 m) of sand, that chlorides are essentially unchanged, and that organic and ammonia nitrogen are effectively converted to nitrate which is not removed. Phage particles were also found. Substances not removed exerted an influence on the quality of water in West Brook. An additional source of chloride appears to be salt stored at the nearby highway department garage. This interferes with the use of chloride as a tracer of the sewage treatment plant effluent.
LATERAL LOADED PILE RESPONSE IN LIQUEFIABLE SOIL

This paper provides a new analysis procedure for assessing the lateral response of an isolated pile in saturated sands as liquefaction develops in response to dynamic loading such as that generated...
SU‐GG‐I‐24: A Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of a Simple Dead Detector Pixel Correction Method for Megavoltage Cone Beam CT Images

Purpose: Determining the extremes such that correction methods for missing or truncated projection data begin to fail could aid in the design of more efficient imagingsystems in the future. We quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of a dead detector pixel correction method for megavoltage cone beam computed tomography (MVCBCT). Method and Materials: Ninety‐six MVCBCT images of an image quality phantom were reconstructed from projections that were acquired from four MVision™‐equipped Siemens Oncor™ linacs with 1024×1024 amorphous silicon electronic portal imaging devices(EPIDs). Both 8 monitor unit (MU) and 60 MU head‐and‐neck scanning protocols were used for the acquisitions. Dead pixel maps were simulated for the cases of randomly distributed singular dead pixels and 13‐dead‐pixel clusters, each with six dead pixel percentages: 2%, 25%, 75%, 80%, 90%, and 95%. Transmission images were corrected in orthogonal directions using a 1‐D line‐by‐line linear interpolation algorithm. Results:Image quality for the baseline case (< 0.5% dead pixels) and the case of 75% coverage by 13‐dead‐pixel clusters was similar. Image quality began to degrade severely after the EPID was covered to 80% by 13‐dead‐pixel clusters and 90% for singular dead pixels. Higher acquisition MU decreased the standard deviation of the difference images (corrected minus baseline), but had no effect on the means of the difference images.Conclusion: With a simple correction method, MVCBCT images are relatively insensitive to randomly distributed dead detector pixels until 80–90% of the EPID is covered with dead detector pixels. Image degradation for the same percentage of dead detectors was more pronounced when the EPID was covered with clusters of 13 dead pixels than with singular dead pixels, and was only weakly dependent on the MU used during the image acquisition.
Cdk2-dependent phosphorylation of p21 regulates the role of Cdk2 in cisplatin cytotoxicity

Cisplatin cytotoxicity is dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity in vivo and in vitro. We found that an 18-kDa protein identified by mass spectrometry as p21WAF1/Cip1 was phosphorylated by Cdk2 starting 12 h after cisplatin exposure. The analysis showed it was phosphorylated at serine 78, a site not previously identified. The adenoviral transduction of p21 before cisplatin exposure protects from cytotoxicity by inhibiting Cdk2. Although cisplatin causes induction of endogenous p21, the protection is inefficient. We hypothesized that phosphorylation of p21 at serine 78 could affect its role as a Cdk inhibitor, and thereby lessen its ability to protect from cisplatin cytotoxicity. To investigate the effect of serine 78 phosphorylation on p21 activity, we replaced serine 78 with aspartic acid, creating the phosphomimic p21S78D. Mutant p21S78D was an inefficient inhibitor of Cdk2 and was inefficient at protecting TKPTS cells from cisplatin-induced cell death. We conclude that phosphorylation of p21 by Cdk2 limits the effectiveness of p21 to inhibit Cdk2, which is the mechanism for continued cisplatin cytotoxicity even after the induction of a protective protein.
Introductory remarks on the history of game theory

I give some personal reactions to the development of game theory as it found application in economic analysis during the last half-century. I discuss which contributions have in fact found use and, in particular, what was the role of Theory of Games and Economic Behavior in light of previous and subsequent developments.
Changes in the susceptibility of a medical device resulting from connection to a full-size model of a human

The Radiofrequency (RF) susceptibility of an apnea monitor was evaluated while connected to a saline-filled, full-size model of an adult human. Experimental measurements were performed at an outdoor electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test facility. The RF susceptibility of the apnea monitor increased by approximately 8 to 15 dB when its fully-extended patientmonitoring leads and electrodes were connected to the model, rather than being terminated with a resistor. This increase in electric field strength susceptibility of 2.5 to 5.6 times occurred in the 63 to 100 MHz range. This frequency range includes the resonant frequency of the model, and of actual adult humans. This finding has clinical significance due to the widespread presence of high power FM radio and VHF television transmitters in the U.S. and other countries.
Speaking Up: contextualizing women's voices and gatekeepers' reactions in promoting women's empowerment in rural India

This article deepens the understanding of the impact empowerment programs have for women on their social environment, and more specifically on the men in the community, who may or may not be supportive of such endeavors. Gathering evidence from one case in rural India, it addresses how powerholders and gatekeepers reacted to the increased use of women's voices as they interacted as members of a group, within the broader community, and as the women recognized their own increase in value to the community.
Membrane desolvation for the analysis of organic solutions and liquid chromatographic samples with low power helium microwave induced plasma atomic emission detection

Abstract A flat sheet membrane desolvator (FSMD) was used to extend the applicability of a 120 W helium microwave induced plasma (He-MIP) to elemental analysis of organic-solvent-based samples and element selective liquid chromatographic detection. With the FSMD on-line, methanol could be nebulized with a sample flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and a carrier gas flow rate of 1.2 l/min without extinguishing the plasma. Under these conditions, applying desolvator countercurrent gas flows in the range 0–8 l/min restored of the original pink color of the pure helium MIP from the bluish-green caused by methanol. Significant reductions in the emission intensities of C2 species at 436.5, 473.7, 512.9, and 563.6 nm were observed with the application of the FSMD. The intensities of chlorine analyte emission lines at 479.5, 481.0 and 481.9 nm increased with increasing countercurrent gas flow rates and reached a maximum intensity with a flow rate of 5.0 l/min. Detection limits for Cl and Pb were 2.1 and 0.1 ppm using a 1 m focal length monochromator. Other elements and solvent combinations were also examined. Element selective liquid chromatographic detection was preliminarily examined by monitoring 2,6-dichlorobenzene and 5,7-dichlorohydroxyquinoline at the 479.5 nm Cl atomic emission line. Chlorine detection limits in the 3–7 μg range (70–190 ng/s) were obtained.
The process of designing an Urban Geographic Information System. The case of anchorage

Abstract Anchorage Alaska needed outside assistance to help determine the usefulness of a municipal geographic information system, conceptualize a design and develop an implementation plan. The Environmental Systems Research Institute was awarded the contract and completed work within the required 90 days. Successful completion was based on a 5-step procedure which begins with a careful survey of information needs and uses. Most required information already exists within city government, but organization is required to make this information useful and accessible to those who need it. While this work covered many aspects, the process described in this article will concentrate on the environmental functions.
Near-lossless compression of SAR imagery using gradient adaptive lattice filters

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collections can cover large areas at high resolution, generating massive amounts of data. Many effective compression techniques exist that can reduce the volume of data for storage and transmission with slight loss of information. This paper addresses a near-lossless three-stage SAR compression scheme. The first stage uses a gradient adaptive lattice filter to decorrelate the data. In the second stage, the residue is then subject to quantization. Finally, the quantized residue is entropy coded.
The occurrence and resorption of Tylocephalum metacestodes in the clam Tapes semidecussata.

Abstract The occurrence of metacestodes of the lecanicephaloid cestode Tylocephalum is reported for the first time in the clam Tapes semidecussata from Hawaii. Invasion of the molluscan host is believed to be from the mantle cavity rather than from the alimentary tract. The majority of health metacestodes in clams are found encapsulated by a fibrous cyst wall between the digestive diverticula. A large percentage (56%) of the parasites are found in the process of being resorbed. This process initially involves the mass migration of host leukocytes and “brown cells” to form a cellular tunic. Disintegration of the parasite is followed by disintegration of the fibrous capsule, leukocytic infiltration, and phagocytosis of the parasite's cellular debris.
Topological order in paired states of fermions in two-dimensions with breaking of parity and time-reversal symmetries

We numerically evaluate the entanglement spectrum (singular value decomposition of the wavefunction) of paired states of fermions in two dimensions that break parity and time-reversal symmetries, focusing on the spin-polarized $p_x+ip_y$ case. The entanglement spectrum of the weak-pairing (BCS) phase contains a Majorana zero mode, indicating non-Abelian topological order. In contrast, for the strong-pairing (BEC) phase, we find no such mode, consistent with Abelian topological order.
Nuevos biomarcadores en la insuficiencia cardiaca: aplicaciones en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y pautas de tratamiento

Full English text available from: www.revespcardiol.org Los biomarcadores son variables biologicas que aportan informacion sobre enfermedades concretas. En la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), esta puede consistir en caracteristicas demograficas (edad y sexo), imagen cardiaca (ecocardiografia, radiografia, gammagrafia o resonancia magnetica) o incluso la determinacion de un polimorfismo genetico especifico. Sin embargo, generalmente se usa el termino biomarcador para referirse a sustancias circulantes que pueden determinarse mediante analisis que quedan fuera de las pruebas estandar de bioquimica y hematologia usadas en el manejo clinico habitual. Existe un conjunto cada vez mas amplio de sustancias bioquimicas circulantes que reflejan distintos aspectos de la fisiopatologia de la IC. Los biomarcadores clave en la IC que se aplican en la practica clinica habitual son los peptidos natriureticos tipo B (BNP y NT-proBNP). Estas sustancias ilustran lo que los biomarcadores pueden aportar en la IC y muestran tambien algunos de los inconvenientes que presentan respecto a lo que seria un marcador ideal.
T cell mediated immunosuppression

Suppressor T cells down-regulate the activity of other cells in the immune system, and, albeit controversial, are believed to play a role in immunological tolerance and immunoregulation. Significant progress has been made in characterizing suppressor T cells and their receptors, and in elucidating mechanisms of immunosuppression. This knowledge is important for understanding the immune system and certain disease states and for favorably manipulating immunity.
The mechanism of the periodate oxidation of aromatic systems. II. The formation of an intermediate during the periodate oxidation of catechol

Formation of intermediate during periodate oxidation of catechol that subsequently decomposes
Heavy Metal Poisoning: Clinical Presentations and Pathophysiology

Humans have had a long and tumultuous relationship with heavy metals. Their ubiquitous nature and our reliance on them for manufacturing have resulted at times in exposures sufficient to cause systemic toxicity. Their easy acquisition and potent toxicity have also made them popular choices for criminal poisonings. This article examines the clinical manifestation and pathophysiology of poisoning from lead, mercury, arsenic, and thallium.