cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are rates of psychiatric disorders in the homeless population changing

Objectives. We examined the prevalence of psychiatric illness among 3 homeless populations in St. Louis, Mo, in approximately 1980, 1990, and 2000. The 3 studies were conducted with the same systemic research methodology. Methods. We compared selected demographics and lifetime substance abuse and dependence and other mental illness among the 3 populations. Results. Among the homeless populations we studied, the prevalence of mood and substance use disorders dramatically increased, and the number of minorities within these populations has increased. Conclusions. The prevalence of psychiatric illness, including substance abuse and dependence, is not static in the homeless population. Service systems need to be aware of potential prevalence changes and the impact of these changes on service needs.
Emerging immunotherapy in pediatric lymphoma

Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma collectively are the third most common cancer diagnosed in children each year. For children who relapse or have refractory disease, outcomes remain poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a novel approach to treat hematologic malignancies. The field has been rapidly expanding over the past few years broadening its armamentarium which now includes monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates and cellular therapies including bispecific T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells. Many of these agents are in their infancy stages and only beginning to make their mark on lymphoma treatment while others have begun to show promising efficacy in relapsed disease. In this review, the authors provide an overview of current and emerging immunotherapies in the field of pediatric lymphoma.
Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Drugs

Immunosuppressive regimens for organ transplantation are broadly divided into induction, maintenance, and rescue therapies. Induction immunosuppression is an intense perioperative treatment intended to suppress anti-donor responses and prevent acute rejection during the early postoperative period (Nashan, BioDrugs 19:39–46, 2005; Halloran, N Engl J Med 351:2715–2729, 2004). Maintenance immunosuppression is long-term therapy intended to prevent rejection for the life of the graft. Rescue therapies are similar to induction, both in efficacy and toxicity, but the primary purpose is to reverse established graft rejection. Only a limited number of immunosuppressive agents are available for induction and rejection therapy, including monoclonal antibodies (alemtuzumab, basiliximab, daclizumab, muromonab-CD3) and polyclonal antibodies (antithymocyte globulin [rabbit], antithymocyte globulin [equine]). These agents can also be classified depending on their ability to deplete T cells into depleting agents (alemtuzumab, antithymocyte globulins, muromonab-CD3) or nondepleting agents (basiliximab, daclizumab). Maintenance immunosuppression consists of a variety of glucocorticoids, antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, and mTOR inhibitors. They are used in many different combinations, depending on programmatic philosophy and patient needs. This chapter will review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these agents.
DIFFUSION OF METHANE, ETHANE, PROPANE AND N-BUTANE IN WATER

Very few data on the diffusion of hydrocarbons in water are available, yet such information is necessary in understanding the migration of petroleum. This report presents results obtained by the capillary cell method for the diffusion of methane, ethane, propane and n-butane at temperatures ranging from 24.8 to 42.6°C. At all temperatures, the diffusion coefficient of any one of these hydrocarbons is 1.235 times the coefficient of its next heavier homologue. The concept that D varies inversely with the square root of the molecular weight is therefore incorrect. Activation energies were found to be temperature dependent, and vary from 1500 cal/mole in the lower temperature range to 3000 cal/mole at higher temperatures. The ratio Dη/T (diffusion x viscosity/temperature) was found to decrease about 15 per cent over the temperature range studied. These variations in activation energy and Dη/T are believed to reflect the effect of changes in the“structure”of water. The results support the concept that, in a given environment, diffusion is controlled by molecular size.
Swivel for proximal radio-ulnar synostosis.

A method of treatment for proximal radio-ulnsar synostosis has been described. This method has been used in four patients in whom the conidition was of traumatic origin. Two case histories have been presented: one of a man in whom the proximal fragment of the radius was sufficiently long to receive the central rod of the swivel; and the other of a woman in whom a longer segment of the proximal end of the radius had previously been resected, with the result that one end of the central rod of the metal prosthesis had to be doweled obliquely into the proximal portion of the ulna. We have not had the opportunity to use this method in cases of proximal radio-ulnar synostosis of congenital origin. However, we see no reason why it should not succeed equally well in these cases, for functional restoration is attained with greater ease in younger individuals; also in congenital radio-ulnar synostosis the proximal fragment of the radius is not shattered and has not been surgically tampered with. Against this advantage there is the fact that bones in young individuals sometimes produce excessive callus which may grow over and bridge the gap occupied by the metal prosthesis. Minimization of the surgical trauma and use of a comparatively longer metal cylinder to span the gap created by the resected portion of the radius may eliminate this hazard. Needless to say, in younger individuals the girth of the cylinder portion of the prosthesis should be the same as that of the resected bone and the width of the central rod should not be much larger than the medullary cavity of the radius.
Qualitative map of Salmonella contamination on young chicken carcasses.

Salmonella contamination of poultry is a global public health problem. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of Salmonella on the young chicken carcass, to improve poultry inspection and food safety. Young chickens (n = 70) in the Cornish game hen class were obtained at retail over a 3-year period. Carcasses were aseptically sectioned into 12 parts, and then Salmonella was isolated from whole-part incubations by conventional culture methods. Isolates were characterized for serotype and antibiotic resistance, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella incidence was 21.5% (181 of 840) for parts and 57.1% (40 of 70) for carcasses. The number of contaminated parts per carcass ranged from 0 to 12, with a mean of 4.5 among contaminated carcasses. Chi-square analysis indicated that Salmonella incidence differed (P < 0.05) among parts, with rib back (38.6%) and sacral back (34.3%) being the most contaminated. Among the 40 contaminated carcasses, there were 37 different patterns o...
Initiation of the Tissue Factor Pathway of Coagulation in the Presence of Heparin: Control by Antithrombin III and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Activation of factor X by both the unactivated tissue factor:factor VII complex (TF:VII) and the activated tissue factor:factor VIIa complex (TF:VIIa) has been studied in the presence of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), antithrombin III (ATIII), and heparin. At near-plasma concentrations of TFPI, ATIII, and factor X, factor X activation that occurs in response to TF:VII is essentially abolished in the presence of heparin (0.5 micromol/L). This effect requires both inhibitors, acting on different targets: (1) ATIII, which in the presence of heparin blocks the activation of TF:VII, and (2) TFPI, which inhibits the TF:VIIa that is generated. In the absence of ATIII, TFPI alone with heparin reduces but does not abolish factor X activation. Conversely, in the absence of TFPI, ATIII + heparin reduces but does not abolish TF:VIIa generation and allows continuing activation of factor X. These results indicated that when the unactivated TF:VII complex is the initiating stimulus, heparin-dependent reduction in the rate and extent of factor X activation requires both ATIII and TFPI. In contrast, if TF:VIIa is used to initiate activation, only TFPI is involved in its regulation.
The value of mentorship: personal journeys inspired by the teaching philosophy of Chuck Jones

In the following personal dialogue voice practitioners Judylee Vivier and Kristi Dana discuss their mentor/mentee relationship. Each emphasizes how voice work furthers self-discovery and, filtered ...
Functionalization, Dispersion, and Cutting of Boron Nitride Nanotubes in Water

High-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were functionalized for the first time with water-soluble and biocompatible PEGylated phospholipid [methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N conjugates (mPEG-DSPE)]. We found that BNNTs can be suspended in water for more than 3 months without precipitation. By comparing the dispersion stability of mPEG-DSPE/BNNTs in various solvents and the related Hansen solubility parameters, we found that polarized and hydrogen bonds between water and the hydrophilic mPEG play important roles in maintaining stable dispersion of BNNTs and preventing aggregation of mPEG-DSPE/BNNTs in the solutions. This has led to the formation of composite films with well-dispersed BNNTs and the coating of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) BNNTs. Furthermore, the lengths of these functionalized BNNTs can be shorterned, for the first time, from >10 μm to ∼500 nm by ultrasonication. Experiments suggest that effective dispersion of BNNT in solution is necessar...
Entropy Characterization of Soil Pore Systems Derived From Soil-Water Retention Curves

Information extracted from water retention properties are commonly used to evaluate soil structure. The objective of this work was to derive and test a soil entropy measure of pore size distributions (SH) from the parameters of a water retention model that assumes a log-normal distribution of soil pores. The SH function uses information on saturated and residual water contents and geometric mean pore size and geometric standard deviation. The SH function was tested with water retention data taken from separate published studies on soil textural class averages, soil compaction, and structural development in the rhizosphere. Values of SH ranged from −0.07 to about 4. Lower values were found in textural classes dominated by clay and in compacted soils; SH values were between 48% and 100% greater in soil aggregates from the rhizosphere of three crops than in aggregates sampled away from the roots. Compaction decreased the values of entropy by decreasing the values of geometric mean and/or standard deviation characterizing a pore size distribution. Soil entropy SH was correlated to saturated hydraulic conductivity from compaction studies (P < 0.001). Similar trend was followed by Ks and SH estimated from textural averages. The proposed SH function is a potentially useful measure of soil structure that is not restricted to a particular mathematical model of soil-water retention. Further improvement of SH should distinguish between porosity related to texture from porosity associated to soil structure.
The advantages of indexes over diagnoses in scientific assessment.

The power of an index flows from its unity and simplicity. Researchers can choose to assess troublesome thoughts, moods, and behaviors using either indexes or diagnoses. Both forms of assessment represent syndromes, which are groups of signs and symptoms that collectively characterize a disorder; however, these forms embody two opposite views of proper representation. This chapter argues for the use of indexes in research on stress and mental, emotional, or behavioral problems. It begins by contrasting the concepts and procedures that distinguish indexes from diagnoses. Then it illustrates several ways that results based on indexes differ from those based on diagnoses. First, indexes reveal patterns of correlation that are obscured by the diagnostic discounting of symptoms in people with coincident traits. The case of depression in old age illustrates this point. Second, indexes help reduce the surface complexity of appearances to the most concise useful set of distinctions and assessments. Diagnostic categories proliferate because each factor taken into consideration varies in intensity and the factors coincide in an extremely large number of combinations, each of which appears distinctive. Third, indexes minimize the attenuation of correlations and significance tests, and they minimize bias from stereotypes and other sources of diagnostic preconception. By using indexes, stress researchers can distinguish effects on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from effects on the likelihood of getting a diagnosis net of, or adjusting for, the symptoms. Indexes avoid the confounding of diagnostic preconception with empirical correlation.
Moyamoya syndrome causing stroke in young women with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Context Moyamoya syndrome is an idiopathic brain vasculopathy characterized by stenosis of major intracranial arteries. It often presents in patients with type 1 diabetes or thyroid disease and may have an autoimmune etiology. Moyamoya-related stroke poses a diagnostic challenge as initial symptoms and deficits vary greatly from classic ischemic stroke to encephalopathy, psychiatric, or seizure disorder. Case description We report 4 patients with type 1 diabetes and other autoimmune diseases who developed moyamoya-related stroke at a young age. Despite having long-term diabetes, these patients exhibited no evidence of dyslipidemia or other typical risk factors for atherosclerosis which might contribute to premature stroke. Three of the four patients underwent revascularization surgery while one patient received conservative management. All patients had improved neurologic function after treatment, some with residual deficits. Conclusion We highlight the importance of recognizing moyamoya syndrome in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, as prompt diagnosis and treatment can have major impact on patient outcome and quality of life.
Item Cloning Variation and the Impact on the Parameters of Response Models

Item cloning is increasingly used to generate slight differences in tasks for use in psychological experiments and educational assessments. This paper investigates the psychometric issues that arise when item cloning introduces variation into the difficulty parameters of the item clones. Four models are proposed and evaluated in simulation studies with conditions representing possible types of variation due to item cloning. Depending on the model specified, unaccounted variance in the item clone difficulties propagates to other parameters in the model, causing specific and predictable patterns of bias. Person parameters are largely unaffected by the choice of model, but for inferences related to the item parameters, the choice is critical and can even be leveraged to identify problematic item cloning.
When a gold standard isn't so golden: Lack of prediction of subjective sleep quality from sleep polysomnography.

Abstract Background Reports of subjective sleep quality are frequently collected in research and clinical practice. It is unclear, however, how well polysomnographic measures of sleep correlate with subjective reports of prior-night sleep quality in elderly men and women. Furthermore, the relative importance of various polysomnographic, demographic and clinical characteristics in predicting subjective sleep quality is not known. We sought to determine the correlates of subjective sleep quality in older adults using more recently developed machine learning algorithms that are suitable for selecting and ranking important variables. Methods Community-dwelling older men (n = 1024) and women (n = 459), a subset of those participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures study, respectively, completed a single night of at-home polysomnographic recording of sleep followed by a set of morning questions concerning the prior night’s sleep quality. Questionnaires concerning demographics and psychological characteristics were also collected prior to the overnight recording and entered into multivariable models. Two machine learning algorithms, lasso penalized regression and random forests, determined variable selection and the ordering of variable importance separately for men and women. Results Thirty-eight sleep, demographic and clinical correlates of sleep quality were considered. Together, these multivariable models explained only 11–17% of the variance in predicting subjective sleep quality. Objective sleep efficiency emerged as the strongest correlate of subjective sleep quality across all models, and across both sexes. Greater total sleep time and sleep stage transitions were also significant objective correlates of subjective sleep quality. The amount of slow wave sleep obtained was not determined to be important. Conclusions Overall, the commonly obtained measures of polysomnographically-defined sleep contributed little to subjective ratings of prior-night sleep quality. Though they explained relatively little of the variance, sleep efficiency, total sleep time and sleep stage transitions were among the most important objective correlates.
Host Genotype and Gut Microbiome Modulate Insulin Secretion and Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes

Genetic variation drives phenotypic diversity and influences the predisposition to metabolic disease. Here, we characterize the metabolic phenotypes of eight genetically distinct inbred mouse strains in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. We found significant variation in diabetes-related phenotypes and gut microbiota composition among the different mouse strains in response to the dietary challenge and identified taxa associated with these traits. Follow-up microbiota transplant experiments showed that altering the composition of the gut microbiota modifies strain-specific susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic disease. Animals harboring microbial communities with enhanced capacity for processing dietary sugars and for generating hydrophobic bile acids showed increased susceptibility to metabolic disease. Notably, differences in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion between different mouse strains were partially recapitulated via gut microbiota transfer. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome contributes to the genetic and phenotypic diversity observed among mouse strains and provide a link between the gut microbiome and insulin secretion.
There is more to maerl than meets the eye: DNA barcoding reveals a new species in Britain, Lithothamnion erinaceum sp. nov. (Hapalidiales, Rhodophyta)

ABSTRACTDue to the high plasticity of coralline algae, identification based on morphology alone can be extremely difficult, so studies increasingly use a combination of morphology and genetics in species delimitation. A DNA barcoding study was carried out on maerl-forming coralline algae using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene, CO1, and the plastid gene, psbA, on field specimens from Falmouth and Oban together with herbarium specimens from the Natural History Museum, UK, and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, USA. Results revealed the presence in the north of Britain of a new species, Lithothamnion erinaceum Melbourne & J. Brodie, sp. nov., which was previously misidentified as Lithothamnion glaciale. The results also indicated that Lithothamnion lemoineae, which had earlier been recorded from Britain, was not present. One of the biggest concerns at present is how organisms will respond to climate change and ocean acidification, and it is imperative that investigations are put on a firm ta...
Deep Wound and Organ-Space Infection After Surgery for Degenerative Spine Disease

Postoperative wound infection may occur following any surgical procedure. There has been an increase in mortality rate that has been associated with postoperative wound infection. The authors discussed incidence and risk factors, etiology and microbiology, surgery-related factors, patient-related factors, clinical symptoms, laboratory studies, radiographic images and computer tomography scan, prevention, and treatment. When infection is suspected, obtaining necessary imaging studies and laboratory tests is important for early diagnosis of infection and for monitoring response to treatment. Debridement of the wound and deeper layers (muscle fascia and bone) is the gold standard of treatment when infection sets in, as well as antibiotics, IV followed by oral.
STEM and APT characterization of scale formation on a La,Hf,Ti-doped NiCrAl model alloy.

Abstract A thermally grown scale formed on a cast NiCrAl model alloy doped with lanthanum, hafnium, and titanium was examined after isothermal exposure at 1100 °C for 100 h in dry flowing O2 to understand the dopant segregation along scale grain boundaries. The complex scale formed on the alloy surface was composed of two types of substrates: phase-dependent, thin (
Late-presenting dural tear: incidence, risk factors, and associated complications.

Abstract Background Context Unrecognized and inadequately repaired intraoperative durotomies may lead to cerebrospinal fluid leak, pseudomeningocele, and other complications. Few studies have investigated durotomy that is unrecognized intraoperatively and requires additional postoperative management (hereafter, late-presenting dural tear [LPDT]), although estimates of LPDT range from 0.6 to 8.3 per 1,000 spinal surgeries. These single-center studies are based on relatively small sample sizes for an event of this rarity, all with Purpose This investigation is the largest yet conducted on LPDT, and sought to identify incidence, risk factors for, and complications associated with LPDT. Study Design/Setting This observational cohort study employed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset (years 2012–2015). Patient Sample Patients who underwent spine surgery were identified based on presence of primary listed Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes corresponding to spinal fusion or isolated posterior decompression without fusion. Outcome Measures The primary variable in this study was occurrence of LPDT, identified as reoperation or readmission with durotomy-specific CPT or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes but without durotomy codes present for the index procedure. Methods Descriptive statistics were generated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression, respectively, generating both risk factors for LPDT and independent association of LPDT with postoperative complications. Statistical significance was defined as p Results In total, 86,212 patients were analyzed. The overall rate of reoperation or readmission without reoperation for LPDT was 2.0 per 1,000 patients (n=174). Of LPDT patients, 97.7% required one or more unplanned reoperations (n=170), and 5.7% of patients (n=10) required two reoperations. On multivariate analysis, lumbar procedures (odds ratio [OR] 2.79, p Conclusions Late-presenting dural tears occurred in 2.0 per 1,000 patients who underwent spine surgery. Patients who underwent lumbar procedures, decompression procedures, and procedures with operative duration ≥250 minutes were at increased risk for LPDT. Further, LPDT was independently associated with increased likelihood of SSI, sepsis, pneumonia, UTI, wound dehiscence, thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. As LPDT is associated with markedly increased morbidity and potential liability risk, spine surgeons should be aware of best-practice management for LPDT and consider it a rare, but possible etiology for developing postoperative complications.
Volume Change in Small Strain Axisymmetric Deformations of a Granular Material

Summary We consider a granular material consisiting of identical spheres, adopt a familiar model for the contact force, and employ a simple statistical characterization of the contact distribution. We suppose that the average strain is small and that the deformation at a contact is given in terms of it. Using the resulting stress-strain relation, we calculate the volume change when the material is subjected to axisymmetric deformations (triaxial compression or extension) at fixed pressure. The predictions agree with the results of experiments on glass spheres only when an initial depositional anisotropy in the contact distribution is included.
The role of genomics in conservation and reproductive sciences.

Genomics, the study of an organism’s genome through DNA analyses, is a central part of the biological sciences and is rapidly changing approaches to animal conservation. The genomes of thousands of organisms, including vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants have been sequenced and the results annotated, augmented and refined through the application of new approaches in transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics that enhance the characterization of messenger RNA, proteins, and metabolites. The same computational advances that are catalyzing “-omic” technologies and novel approaches to address fundamental research questions are facilitating bioinformatic analysis and enabling access of primary and derivative data and results in public and private databases (Zhao and Grant. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 12:293–305, 2011). These tools will be used to provide fundamental advances in our understanding of reproductive biology across vertebrate species and promise to revolutionize our approach to conservation biology.
Observations on Λ overbinding in nuclear matter

New and old results of Jastrow calculations of the Λ binding energy in nuclear matter based on the effective central two-body\(\mathcal{N} - \Lambda \) potentials of Herndon and Tang are collected and discussed. Arguments in favor of the reliability of the Jastrow evaluation are presented. The possibility of erasing the large discrepancy between the calculated results and the accepted empirical value forBΛ by the incorporation of a three-body\(\mathcal{N} - \mathcal{N} - \Lambda \) potential, or by the use of a two-body\(\mathcal{N} - \Lambda \) potential with tensor component, is considered, and some tentative numerical work along these lines described.
Seneca's Use of Four Speaking Actors

T he old saying goes, "Two's company, three's a crowd." In the case of Greek tragedy, it would be more accurate to say, "Three's a company, four's not allowed." In Greek tragedy, each playwright had only three speaking actors at his disposal.1 There is some controversy, however, as to whether Roman tragedy operated under the same guideline. Only twice in the extant plays of Seneca are more than four speaking actors required. This article examines these two episodes and shows that in these instances the playwright uses four actors to great dramatic effect. Horace prohibits the use of a fourth speaker, saying nec quarta loqui persona laboret (Ars Poetica 192).2 Otto Zwierlein, however, perceives many violations of this so-called rule in Senecan tragedy, and uses them as evidence that the Roman playwright was unconcerned with dramatic practices, and so wrote for recitation, not theatrical performance.3 Dana Sutton shows that most of these apparent violations can easily be performed by only three speaking actors.4 Some may be redressed provided that mute actors can be used to represent certain characters, as, for example, Polyxena in the fourth act of the Troades, who is present along with three other characters, but does not herself speak.5 Other perceived violations can be remedied by retaining manuscript readings instead of needlessly emending the text; such is the case at Oedipus 784-881, where a fourth speaking actor is required only if one follows Zwierlein's lead in adopting Weil's attribution of lines 825-7, 829-32, and 835-6 to Jocasta instead of accepting the manuscript assignments of these lines to the Old Corinthian servant who has come to tell
Financing Scientific Society Journals in the USA

Publishing scientific journals in not-for-profit organizations like the American Chemical Society is big business with a difference. Though the profit motive is absent, there are nevertheless many factors which contribute to a strong need for cost effectiveness and business management skills. US journals published by societies normally are largely dependent on subscription revenues, but physical science and earth science journals also receive substantial revenues from “page charges”. Some ACS journals also receive large sums from advertising, a helpful source of income, but one that is difficult to manage.
Gelation of Monoclonal Protein Was the Cause of Interference with a Total Bilirubin Assay.

A 61-year-old woman was evaluated at our institution for enrollment in a clinical trial for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. The initial eligibility evaluation revealed an increased total bilirubin result of 7.2 mg/dL [123.1 μmol/L; reference interval (RI)3, 0.0–1.2 mg/dL]. Other abnormal laboratory findings included IgG of 10400 mg/dL (RI, 44–277 mg/dL), λ free light chains of 199.5 mg/dL (RI, 0.57–2.63 mg/dL) with an abnormal κ/λ ratio <0.01 (RI, 0.26–1.65), increased β2-microglobulin of 6.2 mg/L (RI, 1.0–2.1 mg/L), increased total protein of 13.8 g/dL (RI, 6.1–8.2 g/dL), and a band of IgG λ monoclonal protein (M-protein) of 7 g/dL detected by protein electrophoresis and characterized by immunofixation electrophoresis. The remaining laboratory findings were unremarkable: Direct antiglobulin testing was negative; conjugated bilirubin, haptoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were all within RIs. Given the lack of clinical liver disease, and to attain eligibility for clinical trial enrollment, the clinical team questioned the total bilirubin result. This patient's sample was processed by an automated sample processing unit (Roche Modular Pre-Analytics Evo), tested by the Roche (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) Cobas 8000 chemistry and immunochemistry analyzers, and autoverified because quality control and other specific criteria were met. Review of the patient's medication list did not …
Disk Resonator Design for Kinetic Inductance Detectors

We propose disk resonators for use as kinetic inductance detectors. Benefits and drawbacks of this design are discussed with consideration for potential detector applications. We have conducted electromagnetic simulations of the resonator geometry and will use them to examine the disk resonator properties. We will compare several schemes for coupling these resonators to feed lines and review the effect of a large kinetic inductance on the design equations for the resonant frequency. Additionally, a strategy to reduce the resonator metal volume by meshing is considered, and its effects on the resonator’s current distribution are shown. We find that meshing can significantly alter the resonant frequency of the disk. We conclude by discussing an example disk resonator, gamma-ray microcalorimeter detector design.
The God Mysticism Scale: a Brief Version

This paper presents two studies concerned with developing a brief version of the 32-item God Mysticism Scale (GMS; Hood Jr. and Williamson Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 19(3), 232–244, 2000). Study 1 submitted 12 representative items from the GMS to an exploratory factor analysis and found a two-factor solution (Interpretation, 6 items; Experience, 6 items) that was used to constitute the God Mysticism Scale-Brief (GMS-B). Study 2 examined the construct validity of the GMS-B through a confirmatory factor analysis. The two-factor solution was confirmed, and fit indices revealed a good fit of the model to the data. Other analyses of the GMS-B found sufficient internal consistency (Study 1, Interpretation, α = .94, Experience, α = .86; Study 2, Interpretation, α = .93, Experience, α = .84) and preliminary evidence for criterion validity with religious and spirituality measures. The two studies together indicate that the GMS-B is well grounded in theory, psychometrically sound, and useful as an economic measure of mysticism in God language.
The impact of online buzz on internet IPO valuation

We study the impact of online buzz prior to internet firms’ Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) on market valuation of their common stock through the first two years. Using economics of information the...
Guest editor’s note – some reflections on integration in Eurasia

In this prefatory article the author surveys the general concept of “integration” and its development and application in Soviet and post-Soviet space and then reviews the particular contributions made by each article contributed to this special issue of the Russian Law Journal.
Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid identifies periostin as a biomarker for anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Summary Objective Emerging evidence suggests that injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) typically initiates biological changes that contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The molecular biomarkers or mediators of these biological events remain unknown. The goal of this exploratory study was to identify novel synovial fluid biomarkers associated with early biological changes following ACL injury distinct from findings in end-stage OA. Methods Synovial fluid was aspirated from patients with acute (≤30 days) and subacute (31–90 days) ACL tears and from patients with advanced OA and probed via tandem mass spectrometry for biomarkers to distinguish OA from ACL injury. Periostin (POSTN) was identified as a potential candidate. Further analyses of POSTN were performed in synovial fluid, OA cartilage, torn ACL remnants, and cultured cells and media by Western blot, PCR, immunostaining and ELISA. Results Synovial fluid analysis revealed that POSTN exhibited higher expression in subacute ACL injury than OA. POSTN expression was relatively low in cartilage/chondrocytes suggesting it is also produced by other intra-articular tissues. Conversely, high and time-dependent expression of POSTN in ACL tear remnants and isolated cells was consistent with the synovial fluid results. Conclusions Elevated POSTN may provide a synovial fluid biomarker of subacute ACL injury setting separate from OA. Increased expression of POSTN in ACL suggests that the injured ACL may play a pivotal role in POSTN production, which is sensitive to time from injury. Previous studies have shown potential catabolic effects of POSTN, raising the possibility that POSTN contributes to the initiation of joint degeneration and may offer a window of opportunity to intervene in the early stages of post-traumatic OA.
Resilience and Social Enterprise: The Case of Aravind Eye Care System

I examine resilience in the context of a noted health care social enterprise, the Aravind Eye Care System (Aravind) in India. Among other attributes, what is unique about Aravind is its ability to maintain a stable core of activities which define its operation while simultaneously developing organizational elements which help it to manage, or even welcome, change and uncertainty. In this sense the organization illustrates well the five processes of “high reliability” which, according to Weick and colleagues, form a foundation for the functioning of resilient organizations: (1) preoccupation with failure; (2) reluctance to simplify assumptions; (3) sensitivity to operations; (4) continuous learning and knowledge-sharing; and (5) under-specification of structures (Weick, Sutcliffe & Obstfeld, 1999). I use these processes as a basis for examining Aravind’s functioning, and hope that examining this organization will help managers in the social enterprise and health care fields and beyond to understand how resilient organizations might be developed and sustained over time.
Opposite effects of motion dynamics on the Ebbinghaus and corridor illusions

We recently showed that motion dynamics greatly enhance the magnitude of certain size contrast illusions, such as the Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions. Here, we extend our study of the effect of motion dynamics on size illusions through a novel dynamic corridor illusion, in which a single target translates along a corridor background. Across three psychophysical experiments, we quantify the effects of stimulus dynamics on the Ebbinghaus and corridor illusions across different viewing conditions. The results revealed that stimulus dynamics had opposite effects on these different classes of size illusions. Whereas dynamic motion enhanced the magnitude of the Ebbinghaus illusion, it attenuated the magnitude the corridor illusion. Our results highlight precision-driven weighting of visual cues by neural circuits computing perceived object size. This hypothesis is consistent with observations beyond size perception and may represent a more general principle of cue integration in the visual system.
Medication Adherence, Health Care Utilization, and Costs Among Patients Initiating Oral Oncolytics for Multiple Myeloma or Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Oral oncolytic therapies have improved survival in hematologic cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and multiple myeloma (MM), which are no...
Epidemiological and biological evidence for protective effect of ginkgo biloba on ovarian cancer

3484 Anti-oxidants appear to exert apoptotic effects on a number of cancer cell lines and several categories of anti-oxidants have shown to be inversely correlated with cancer risk in epidemiological studies. In the most recent phase of our population-based study of ovarian cancer involving eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire, we asked about the use of several herbal anti-oxidants including the potent flavonoid anti-oxidant, Ginkgo Biloba. Out of 668 cases with ovarian cancer, 11 (1.6%) said they had regularly used ginkgo at least weekly for a period of 6 months or longer, compared to 30 (4.2%) of controls who said they had used gingko regularly. This translated into a protective effect on ovarian cancer associated with the use of gingko, relative risk (rr) and (95% confidence limits) of RR=0.41 (0.20-0.84). This risk was adjusted for site of study, age, oral contraceptive use, parity and Jewish ethnic background. To explore the biologic rational for this association, we next exposed two ovarian cancer cell lines OVCA433 and OVCA429 representing serous types of cancer to various gingko components. Purified Quecenti, kaempferol, and standardized Ginkgo biloba extract powder were used to treat ovarian cancer cells. After treatment cells for 48 hours with either 100 μM quercetin or kaempferol, we found that OVA433 cell growth was inhibited to levels representing about 70% of that observed in the controls. Treatment with 10, 50, and 100 μM of Ginkgo biloba extract strongly inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent fashion to 57%, 37% and 23% of that observed in controls. Conversely, treatment of OVCA429 ovarian cancer cells with quercetin and kaempferol at 50 and 100 μM appeared to increase cell growth with both doses to 180% of that observed in control cells. Gingko biloba extracts at 10, 50, 100 μM had no growth or inhibitory effect on OVCa429. Western blot revealed that expression levels of P27 protein in OVCA433 cells were decreased by Ginkgo and quercetin treatment at concentration dependent manner. Our preliminary epidemiolgic data suggest that use of herbal forms of Gingko biloba may be inversely and significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk, while the cell line data is less clear. Gingko biloba in its extracted form, rather that in the form of its key components, quercetin or kaempferol, appears to decrease cell growth in one ovarian cancer cell lines but not another. In the former cell line, the effect may be mediated through inhibition of a key cell cycle pathway of p27.
Beam energy determination via collinear laser spectroscopy

An approach to determine the kinetic beam energy at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ level is presented, which corresponds to an improvement by more than one order of magnitude compared with conventional methods. Particularly, collinear fluorescence and resonance-ionization spectroscopy measurements on rare-isotope beams, where the beam energy is a major contribution to the uncertainty, can benefit from this method. The approach is based on collinear spectroscopy and requires no special equipment besides a wavelength meter, which is commonly available. Its advent is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment on a Ni beam. In preparation for the energy measurement, the rest-frame transition frequencies of the $3{d}^{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}9}4s{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{D}_{3}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{d}^{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}9}4p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{P}_{2}$ transitions in neutral nickel isotopes have been identified to be ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}{(}^{58}\mathrm{Ni})=850\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}343\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}678\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(20)$ MHz and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{0}{(}^{60}\mathrm{Ni})=850\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}344\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}183\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(20)$ MHz.
Contracts Without Courts or Clans: How Business Networks Govern Exchange

Legal scholars have long recognized the clan or close-knit community as alternative institutions for supporting trade when contract law and trusted courts are unavailable. But recent research finds that heterogeneous business networks engage in high-stakes transactions that are not fully susceptible to formal, judicially backed contracting. These networks lack features seen as undergirding clan- or community-supported trade. They lack preexisting noncommercial social ties that allow reliable and trusted information to spread at low cost, make exiting the network difficult, and enable coordinated sanctioning of cheaters. Consequently, some leading scholars doubt that these networks are doing the work of sustaining cooperation. Can business networks sustain cooperation? If so, how? This Article offers an answer by presenting and theorizing an original case study into a long-term, sophisticated, high-stakes trade network that relied on neither the court nor the clan. When the gains from trade are sufficiently large, parties can build mechanisms to produce and disseminate reliable information needed to support trade by starting with transactions that align incentives and commit to high transparency about behavior. Parties can then strengthen their commitments by investing in the bilateral relationship and by building a network in which each party is connected to multiple other parties, which facilitates the dissemination of information about behavior in trading relationships. The targeted cultivation of strong personal ties together with the construction of a trading network allow for bonding of higher-risk transactions and a greater variety of transactional terms than can be supported by incentive alignment alone. The reinsurance trade suggests that cultivated, freestanding business networks can support extralegal private ordering under a larger set of circumstances than legal scholars currently appreciate.
Adaptive Camera Platform Using Deep Learning-Based Early Warning of Task Failures

There is a growing interest in deploying complex deep neural networks (DNN) in smart sensors to extract task-specific information from real-time sensor data. This paper presents an adaptive sensor that uses a novel light-weight deep learning platform, WarningNet, to estimate potential task failures due to perturbations in the sensor data and control its read-out-circuit (ROIC) parameters such as sampling resolution and operating voltage. Simulation results show that WarningNet can provide early warning of the performance degradation of various tasks within a fraction of the time required for the task to complete. Moreover, the early warning guided adaptive control of sampling resolution and operating voltage of the ROIC of a digital pixel sensor shows potential of dynamic trade off between task accuracy and sensor energy/bandwidth.
Timing of surgery in patients with partial response or stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective The ideal number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) cycles prior to interval tumor-reductive surgery (iTRS) for advanced ovarian cancer is poorly defined. We sought to assess survival stratified by number of NACT cycles and residual disease following iTRS in patients with advanced ovarian cancer with partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) following 3–4 cycles of NACT. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with advanced high-grade ovarian cancer (diagnosed 2/1/2013 to 2/1/2018) who received at least 3 cycles of NACT and iTRS and had a PR or SD. The population was divided into four groups based on the number of NACT cycles prior to iTRS and residual disease status after (CGR [complete gross residual] or incomplete resection [any amount of residual disease]): 1) 3–4 NACT cycles/CGR, 2) 3–4 NACT cycles/incomplete resection, 3) > 4 cycles/CGR, and 4) >4 cycles/incomplete resection. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using a Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator and modeled using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results The cohort consisted of 265 patients with advanced high-grade ovarian cancer with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years. Most were White (87%), had serous histology (89%), and stage IV disease (57%), with an overall CGR rate of 81%. In a multivariable analysis receipt of >4 NACT cycles was not associated with worse PFS or OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.02, 95% CI 0.74–1.42; aHR 1.12, 95% CI, 0.73–1.72 respectively) than was receipt of 3–4 cycles. Any amount of residual disease was associated with worse PFS and OS regardless of the number of NACT cycles (aHR 1.56, 95% CI 1.09–2.22; aHR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52–3.72 respectively). Conclusions Residual disease was associated with worse survival outcomes regardless of the number of NACT cycles in patients with PR or SD after NACT for advanced high-grade ovarian cancer. These data suggest that the ability to achieve CGR should take precedence in decision-making regarding the timing of surgery.
Tolerance intervals in statistical software and robustness under model misspecification

A tolerance interval is a statistical interval that covers at least 100ρ% of the population of interest with a 100(1−α)% confidence, where ρ and α are pre-specified values in (0, 1). In many scientific fields, such as pharmaceutical sciences, manufacturing processes, clinical sciences, and environmental sciences, tolerance intervals are used for statistical inference and quality control. Despite the usefulness of tolerance intervals, the procedures to compute tolerance intervals are not commonly implemented in statistical software packages. This paper aims to provide a comparative study of the computational procedures for tolerance intervals in some commonly used statistical software packages including JMP, Minitab, NCSS, Python, R, and SAS. On the other hand, we also investigate the effect of misspecifying the underlying probability model on the performance of tolerance intervals. We study the performance of tolerance intervals when the assumed distribution is the same as the true underlying distribution and when the assumed distribution is different from the true distribution via a Monte Carlo simulation study. We also propose a robust model selection approach to obtain tolerance intervals that are relatively insensitive to the model misspecification. We show that the proposed robust model selection approach performs well when the underlying distribution is unknown but candidate distributions are available.