cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased risk of stroke among hypertensive patients with abnormally short sleep duration: analysis of the national health interview survey

acute myocardial infarction .This study aimed to investigate the association between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels and the occurrence of LVH in resistant hypertensive patients (RHTN) and mild to moderate hypertensives (HTN). Methods:We measured plasma TIMP-1 and MMP-9 (ELISA) in 126 HTN subjects and 86 RHTN patients. LVH was analyzed by left ventricle (LV) mass index (LVMI). Measurements of the dimensions of the LV were performed using the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. The Mann-whitney test was used to compare the levels of biomarkers of extracellular matrix and IMVE between the groups while Spearman’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between the variables. Results: Resistant hypertensive patients had higher prevalence of HVE (66%) compared to mild to moderate hypertensive (46%), p1⁄40.005. Higher levels of TIMP-1 (mean SD) were found in RHTN (93.75 29.09 pg/mL) compared with HTN individuals (86.24 27.53 pg/mL) while lower MMP-9/TIMP-1 relationship was observed in RHTN group (0.37 0.5 vs. 0.77 1.75, p1⁄40.015). No differences were found between MMP-9 levels between the groups. TIMP1 levels were inversely correlated with LVMI in RHTN group (r1⁄4 -0.31 p1⁄40.005). Conclusion: RHTN patients had higher prevalence of LVH and higher TIMP-1 plasma levels. Moreover, RHTN group presented lower MMP-9/ TIMP-1 ratio compared to HTN. These data suggest that changes in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance may play an important role in the structural and clinical manifestations of resistant hypertension.
Flexibility: A Concise Guide: To Conditioning, Performance Enhancement, Injury Prevention, and Rehabilitation

Flexibility : a concise guide to conditioning, performance enhancement, injury prevention, and rehabilitation , Flexibility : a concise guide to conditioning, performance enhancement, injury prevention, and reha... , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
High-power, high-linearity photodiodes

Microwave photonics and optics-based analog links are technologies that are being developed for a growing number of applications. Photodetectors that operate at high power levels are key components. Additionally, it is important for many of these applications that the photodiodes have millimeter-wave bandwidths and highly linear response. This paper reviews the performance of modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes with respect to these characteristics.
Northridge earthquake rupture models based on the global positioning system measurements

Abstract We use global positioning system (GPS) data to study the rupture mechanism of the 1994 Northridge earthquake in southern California. We include data from 62 observation sites, of which two (Palos Verdes and Jet Propulsion Lab) are permanent GPS geodetic array (PGGA) sites. We use a grid-search scheme to study the range of single- and dual-plane, uniform and varied slip models consistent with the data. We find that in order to fit the geodetic data with a fault model whose primary fault patch is confined to a plane through the aftershocks, a secondary fault plane is required above the primary fault plane. The moment release of the secondary fault can be as large as 1.9 × 10 18 N-m, 14% of the moment release of the primary fault. This result implies significant deformation in the shallow crust associated with the mainshock. Our preferred model has a 14 × 14 array of dislocation patches on a plane through the main aftershock cluster and a 5 × 6 array of patches in the hanging wall west of the epicenter. We estimate the displacements on the patches by linear inversion with a first-order smoothness constraint. The estimated displacements on the main fault for this model are confined to a simple region between depths of 5 and 18 km, in the interior of the modeled fault surface. The mainshock lies at the bottom of the aftershock zone, near which about 1-m slip is shown on our modeled fault surface. The maximum slip on the fault surface is about 2.2 m, located at 34.28° N, 118.55° W, and 12.4 km at depth. The seismic moment release estimate of 1.34 ± 0.15 × 10 19 N-m on the main fault at the 95% confidence is consistent with the estimate from strong-motion studies.
Monitoring results of rural drinking water quality in Yangshuo County of Guangxi from 2008-2011

[Objective]To know the drinking water quality in rural area of Yangshuo County of Guangxi,further improve water quality,and provide scientific basis for controlling the water-borne diseases.[Methods]The samples of rural drinking water in Yangshuo County were collected from 2008-2011.The sampling,detection and evaluation were conducted according to the national standards.[Results]A total of 320 water samples were detected from 2008-2011,129 were qualified with the qualified rate of 40.31%.The annual qualified rate was respectively 32.50%,38.75%,43.75% and 46.25%,which increased year by year.The unqualified items mainly included the turbidity,visible substances,total bacteria,total coliform group and thermotolerant coliform bacteria.There was significant difference in the qualified rate between the dry season and wet season(χ2=19.75,P0.01).The difference in unqualified items between the finished water and tap water was not significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The rural drinking water in Yangshuo County is seriously polluted by microorganism.It is necessary to strengthen the effective disinfection measures in rural drinking water,to ensure the safety of drinking water among rural residents.
Density surveillance and effect of control measures on mosquitoes and flies in Quzhou city

Objective To evaluate effect of control measures on mosquito and fly populationsin urban Quzhou based on the monitoring of their species and density. Methods The mosquito and fly density was monitored using lamp traps and cage traps, respectively. Results There were 4 species and 3 genera of mosquitoes in urban areas, predominated by Culex pipiens pallens, which accounted for 96.82% of the total population. The anual average adult density was 5.28 per lamp-hour, which peaked from June to August. There were 6 genera and 4 families of flies in this area, predominated by Lucilia and Musca, which accounted for 68.22% and 23.82%, respectively. The annual average adult density was 39.74 per cage, which peaked from June to August. Conclusion As a result of comprehensive control strategies, diminishing breeding grounds in the city have lead to a significant decrease in mosquito and fly population densities.
Knowledge translation and ethics in public and population health from a knowledge management perspective

Summary Theoretical and empirical applications of knowledge translation (KT) are growing in the public and population health literature. However, not much existing literature has addressed ethical considerations of KT in this context. The current paper briefly reviews what is meant by the terms ‘knowledge translation’, ‘knowledge management’, ‘public health’, and ‘population health’, then discusses these areas with ethical considerations in mind. Two specific examples—communities of practice and populomics—are used. The paper aims to begin filling two gaps in the extant KT literature in health by, first, drawing attention to the need for increased consideration of ethics in knowledge translation activities and, second, suggesting that ethical KT in communities of practice and populomics is needed, especially pertaining to the communication of human health determinants in research and decision-making processes.
International students’ attachment and psychological well-being: the mediation role of mental toughness

This study examined the relationships of adult attachment, mental toughness (MT), and psychological well-being of international students. We hypothesized that attachment anxiety and avoidance would predict psychological well-being outcome variables and that MT would mediate the attachment-wellbeing links. The participants were 217 international students from a large public college in the United States. Structure Equation Modeling analyses were used to examine the proposed mediation effects. Result showed that MT functioned as a mediator for the paths between attachment anxiety and the two well-being latent variables of psychological distress and life satisfaction. On the other hand, attachment avoidance was found to have a more direct effect on adjustment difficulties without going through MT. Limitation and counseling implications are discussed.
Mast Cells Reduce Gvhd Severity In Allogeneic Transplantation by Reducing the Proliferation of Conventional T Cells

Abstract 243 Mast cells are important effector cells in many innate and adaptive immune responses, and can influence the function of several immune cells including granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells. In contrast to their well-know pro-inflammatory roles, in certain models, mast cells have been shown to decrease inflammation and tissue injury. We explored the biological activity of mast cells in a well-established model of mouse graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by comparing C57BL/6- Kit W-sh/W-sh mice (which lack mast cells) to wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) recipients in a major-MHC mismatched model of allogeneic transplantation. After myeloablative irradiation, recipients received 5×10 6 T-cell depleted bone marrow cells from FVB/N donors (H-2 q ) on day 0 followed by transfer of 2×10 6 FVB/N CD4 and CD8 conventional T cells (Tcon) at a 2:1 ratio on day 4. A dramatic decrease in survival was observed in the animals lacking mast cells where 100% of Kit W-sh/W-sh recipients died by day 15 following transplantation while over 50% of WT recipients were alive at day 60 (p Kit W-sh/W-sh mice correlated with an increase in Tcon proliferation as indicated by bioluminescence imaging (BLI), particularly in lymph node, liver, and gastrointestinal tract tissue sites (p Kit W-sh/W-sh and WT recipients, and CD4 + CD25 hi Treg from Kit W-sh/W-sh mice were capable of suppressing T cell proliferation in a mixed leukocyte reaction. When Kit W-sh/W-sh mice were given 5×10 6 bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) i.p., mast cell re-population of the gut and peritoneal cavity was indicated by both BLI and traditional staining methods. Preliminary experiments with Kit W-sh/W-sh recipients engrafted with BMCMCs i.p. 6 weeks before allogenic transplantation demonstrated improved survival in the above GVHD model, but not if the BMCMCs were derived from IL-10 -/- C57BL/6 mice. Together, these results support the hypothesis that mast cells can decrease Tcon proliferation and reduce GVHD severity by a mechanism that involves production of IL-10 by mast cells but which is independent of CD4 + CD25 + Treg. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of PKC isozymes are mediated by serine/threonine PKC sites of the Cav2.3α1 subunits.

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes modulate voltage-gated calcium (Cav) currents through Cav2.2 and Cav2.3 channels by targeting serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation sites of Cavα1 subunits. Stimulatory (Thr-422, Ser-2108 and Ser-2132) and inhibitory (Ser-425) sites were identified in the Cav2.2α1 subunits to PKCs βII and e. In the current study, we investigated if the homologous sites of Cav2.3α1 subunits (stimulatory: Thr-365, Ser-1995 and Ser-2011; inhibitory: Ser-369) behaved in similar manner. Several Ala and Asp mutants were constructed in Cav2.3α1 subunits in such a way that the Ser/Thr sites can be examined in isolation. These mutants or WT Cav2.3α1 along with auxiliary β1b and α2/δ subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of PKCs βII and e studied on the barium current (IBa). Among these sites, stimulatory Thr-365 and Ser-1995 and inhibitory Ser-369 behaved similar to their homologs in Cav2.2α1 subunits. Furthermore PKCs produced neither stimulation nor inhibition when stimulatory Thr-365 or Ser-1995 and inhibitory Ser-369 were present together. However, the PKCs potentiated the IBa when two stimulatory sites, Thr-365 and Ser-1995 were present together, thus overcoming the inhibitory effect of Ser-369. Taken together net PKC effect may be the difference between the responses of the stimulatory and inhibitory sites.
Carrying their own weight: Dogs perceive changing affordances for reaching.

Choices about when to transition between two modes of behaviour are determined by the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties. However, such transitions typically occur not at the absolute limits of action capabilities but rather based on the relative stability of each mode. People transition from an arm-only to an arm-plus-torso-reach, not when object distance exceeds arm length but when the stability of reaching with the arm-plus-torso exceeds that of reaching with the arm-only. To the extent that perception is supported by detection of invariant stimulation patterns, such a transition ought to reflect both the fit between action capabilities and environmental properties and the relative stability of modes regardless of species. We investigated the height at which dogs transitioned from reaching with the head-only to rearing when wearing a weighted backpack – a manipulation expected to decrease the stability of a head-only reach. As expected, the transition occurred at taller height...
Premature Ovarian Failure

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the condition of hypergonadotropic, hypoestrogenic oligomenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea lasting for greater than 6 months that occurs in women after menarche and before 40 years of age. A serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level greater than 40 mIU/ml on two occasions drawn more than 1 month apart defines the hypergonadotropic state. Premature ovarian failure occurs in 1/100 women before the age of 40 and in 1/1000 women before the age of 30. In developed countries, 4–18% of women with secondary amenorrhea will be diagnosed with POF and 10–28% of women with primary amenorrhea will have POF, although these are probably underestimates of the true incidence of this condition. In the past, the absence of ovarian follicles on an ovarian biopsy was necessary for the diagnosis of POF. However, it has been shown that 40–60% of women who meet the criteria noted above still have ovarian follicles visible on ultrasound. A pregnancy rate of up to 4.8% has also been reported in women with the diagnosis of POF. Therefore, it has been proposed that a more appropriate term for this condition might be premature ovarian dysfunction, signifying a premature decline, rather than a failure in ovarian function, below the limit associated with fertility and steroidogenesis.
CRT-700.54 Alcohol Septal Ablation Produces Similar Changes to CBC as Atherosclerotic Myocardial Infarction but Platelet Counts Are Not Elevated. Is There Less Inflammation With ASA?

To study blood cell count changes after alcohol-induced septal infarct in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients. Atherosclerotic myocardial infarction (MI) is a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state associated with neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia, and increased platelet count
Common Surgical Interventions Resulting in Alterations in Hemodynamics

Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect. In the USA approximately 25,000 newborns with congenital heart disease undergo surgical repair every year. In 2010 the CDC estimated that about one million US children were living with CHD who surgical correction or palliation; about 83% of these children are now surviving long term. It is extremely likely that a clinician will encounter a patient in an Emergency Department (ED) or primary care setting who has undergone a congenital heart operation. The incidence of congenital heart disease is 0.8% of all births and is greater than other more charismatic conditions such as childhood cancers, cystic fibrosis, and juvenile diabetes. In addition, with increasingly successful surgical approaches, there are now more adults with congenital heart disease than children. The relevance of understanding the altered hemodynamics of this patient population was reported in the Journal of Pediatrics by Cashen and colleagues, who interviewed 376 emergency room physicians. A large number (72%) were unsure of the acceptable range of arterial oxygen saturations for infants with single-ventricle physiology, and 58% were uncomfortable about treatment of these infants. A detailed description of all the procedures performed in the field of pediatric cardiovascular surgery is beyond the scope of this chapter. Only the common operations resulting in altered hemodynamics will be discussed.
Persistent Patterns of Discriminatory Housing Policy and Inequity: A Spatial Analysis

Background Racial discrimination by housing and lending institutions was legal and widely practiced well into the 1960s in the United States. Although such discrimination is now illegal, the scars of this system seem to persist today in the form of highly segregated urban areas and pockets of inequality across cities. The academic literature describes some of these effects through case studies of single regions and outcome variables. Here, we seek to understand whether historical decision-making is truly an indicator of existing inequality and whether patterns are consistent across the country. We develop a quantitative method to analyze spatial trends across health, income, educational attainment, and employment status. We implement this method to draw conclusions for cities of diverse sizes and characteristics. Methods We analyze how historical housing discrimination affects current day outcomes. Maps drawn by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s explicitly illustrate areas considered unfit for lending. These maps assigned grades to neighborhoods based on racial and ethnic characteristics. We analyze relationships between historic HOLC grades and current census-tract level datasets of socio-economic variables such as obesity, health insurance status, unemployment, and poverty status. These relationships are visualized using GIS software and analyzed through the development of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs). Results We show that the strongest relationships most commonly existed for the two best HOLC grades, with a much higher chance of having better quality of life. The distributions for the two lower HOLC grades were similar to each other and often distributed somewhat evenly throughout the quality of life scales. The BBNs quantify conditional probabilities that describe the likelihoods of a particular quality of life outcome based on a neighborhood's HOLC grade. We contrast the BBNs against non-linear statistical models to determine the importance of the neighborhood's grade on the socio-economic variables. Conclusions The overarching goal of this work was to quantify the extent to which historical decisions have affected inequality. This vastly improves on the anecdotal evidence to date, and we find that while redlining continues to affect some variables, that relationship is not clear for others. Understanding whether this negative relationship is systemic across US cities is an important step toward righting the wrongs of racial discrimination formalized by housing and lending institutions.
Seasonality and clinical impact of human parainfluenza viruses.

Background Widespread availability of rapid diagnostic testing for respiratory viruses allows more in-depth studies of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV). Objectives This study aimed to assess seasonality of HPIV types 1-4, clinical outcomes by HPIV type, and risk factors for illness severity. Patients/methods This retrospective study was performed from January 2013 to December 2015 in children and adults with HPIV, detected by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, participating in a community surveillance study of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in New York City and patients admitted to a tertiary care center in the same neighborhood. Seasonality trends by HPIV type were compared between the community and hospital groups. The associations between HPIV type, demographics, clinical characteristics, and illness severity were assessed. Results HPIV was detected in 69 (4%) of 1753 community surveillance participants (median age 9.2 years) and 680 hospitalized patients (median age 6.8 years). Seasonality for HPIV types 1-3 agreed with previously described patterns; HPIV-4 occurred annually in late summer and fall. In the community cohort, 22 (32%) participants sought medical care, 9 (13%) reported antibiotic use, and 20 (29%) reported ≥1 day of missed work or school. Among hospitalized patients, 24% had ≥4 chronic conditions. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression demonstrated that increased severity of illness was significantly associated with HPIV-4 and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in children and with age ≥65 years and chronic respiratory conditions in adults. Conclusions HPIV-4 presented late summer and early fall annually and was associated with increased severity of illness in hospitalized children.
“He says he is free”: Narrative Fragments and Self-Emancipation in West Indian Runaway Advertisements

ABSTRACTEnslaved Africans authored very few texts. Nevertheless, their capacity to resist dehumanization left an enduring imprint upon the documentary archive. This essay broadens the scope of abolitionist literature by examining the self-emancipatory efforts of runaway slaves as recorded in runaway advertisements printed in British West Indian newspapers in the Romantic era. When readers encounter literary fragments they seem especially willing to grant them narrative closure, as Philippe Laccoue-Labarthe, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Marjorie Levinson have argued about Romantic-era fragments. Read as a different order of Romantic fragment, West Indian runaway advertisements, which have received limited critical attention, can be read for narrative closure not in terms of form, but in social terms. To be clear, the intervention of reading runaway advertisements in this way makes coherent and visible an agency that pre-exists both the documentary inscription of the runaways and the critical recovery thereof. This ...
Dynamics of Health Agency Response and Public Engagement in Public Health Emergency: A Case Study of CDC Tweeting Patterns During the 2016 Zika Epidemic.

Background: Social media have been increasingly adopted by health agencies to disseminate information, interact with the public, and understand public opinion. Among them, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is one of the first US government health agencies to adopt social media during health emergencies and crisis. It had been active on Twitter during the 2016 Zika epidemic that caused 5168 domestic noncongenital cases in the United States. Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the temporal variabilities in CDC’s tweeting activities throughout the Zika epidemic, public engagement defined as retweeting and replying, and Zika case counts. It then compares the patterns of these 3 datasets to identify possible discrepancy among domestic Zika case counts, CDC’s response on Twitter, and public engagement in this topic. Methods: All of the CDC-initiated tweets published in 2016 with corresponding retweets and replies were collected from 67 CDC–associated Twitter accounts. Both univariate and multivariate time series analyses were performed in each quarter of 2016 for domestic Zika case counts, CDC tweeting activities, and public engagement in the CDC-initiated tweets. Results: CDC sent out >84.0% (5130/6104) of its Zika tweets in the first quarter of 2016 when Zika case counts were low in the 50 US states and territories (only 560/5168, 10.8% cases and 662/38,885, 1.70% cases, respectively). While Zika case counts increased dramatically in the second and third quarters, CDC efforts on Twitter substantially decreased. The time series of public engagement in the CDC-initiated tweets generally differed among quarters and from that of original CDC tweets based on autoregressive integrated moving average model results. Both original CDC tweets and public engagement had the highest mutual information with Zika case counts in the second quarter. Furthermore, public engagement in the original CDC tweets was substantially correlated with and preceded actual Zika case counts. Conclusions: Considerable discrepancies existed among CDC’s original tweets regarding Zika, public engagement in these tweets, and actual Zika epidemic. The patterns of these discrepancies also varied between different quarters in 2016. CDC was much more active in the early warning of Zika, especially in the first quarter of 2016. Public engagement in CDC’s original tweets served as a more prominent predictor of actual Zika epidemic than the number of CDC’s original tweets later in the year.
Synthesis of a Two-Component Carbosilane System for the Advanced Manufacturing of Polymer-Derived Ceramics

A novel two-component system consisting of a hyperbranched polycarbosilane (HBPCS) and a dihydrosilane cross-linker is presented as a synthetic route for the generation of silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) and silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic materials. Upon addition of the reactive silane cross-linker (33 wt %), rapid gelation of the HBPCS occurs indicating network cross-linking and increased molecular weight. After thermal oxidative curing, the gel is converted to a rigid solid state material that has an 80 wt % ceramic yield of SiOC when pyrolyzed to 1000 °C. Continued heating of the ceramic to 1800 °C induces reorganization and crystallization, providing crystalline β-SiC. This new system affords the opportunity to modulate the hyperbranched polymer’s chemical and rheological properties, to boost ceramic yield, and is amenable to the aerosol jet printing of polymer-derived ceramics.
Beyond “Heal Thyself”: Physicians as Patients—An Uneasy Role

In its position paper, ACP provided recommendations on identifying, managing, and treating impaired physicians. The editorialists commend ACP for addressing this difficult issue and setting forth p...
Flexible and electrically conductive composites based on 3D hierarchical silver dendrites.

Conductive polymer composites have gained increasing popularity as essential components for next-generation flexible electronics. Chemical tuning of the polymer matrix and shape engineering of conductive fillers are two promising routes for material development to improve the electromechanical characteristics. Here we describe highly conductive and flexible polyurethane (PU)-based composites using 3D hierarchical silver dendrite (SD) micro/nanostructures as conductive fillers. The highly crystalline SDs adopt a 6-fold symmetry with high aspect ratio branches, which can be interlocked to provide better electrical contact under strain and sintered at low temperature to reduce contact resistance. By selecting the appropriate chemistry, SD fillers lubricated with surfactants can be well dispersed into PU resin and the surfactants can be in situ removed during the curing process due to the presence of polyols in the formulation. The unique SD structures and modified polymer–filler interface are key elements in realizing excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Specifically, the SD–PU composites demonstrated an ultralow resistivity of 7.6 × 10−5 Ω cm, a low percolation threshold of 3 vol%, minimal resistance change under mechanical strains, and strong adhesion to substrates. The evolution of temperature-dependent resistivity has been correlated with polymer dynamics and sintering behavior to understand the conduction mechanism.
Evaluation of Fecal Incontinence in Pediatric Functional Constipation: Clinical Utility of Anorectal and Colon Manometry.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to evaluate the utility of motility studies in pediatric functional constipation with/without fecal incontinence. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with functional constipation and failure to conventional therapy undergoing colonic manometry (CM) and/or anorectal manometry (ARM) manometry were classified as functional constipation without fecal incontinence (FC) or with fecal incontinence (FCI). Clinical data, motility parameters, and treatment outcomes were compared. RESULTS A total of 280 were included, and all patients underwent CM (229 FC and 51 FCI) and 219 ARM. We found no difference in CM interpretation and presence of normal high amplitude propagating contractions (HAPCs) between groups; however, patients with FCI had higher frequency and presence of HAPCs and normal gastrocolonic meal response (GC). No CM parameter predicted outcomes. In FC, more patients with an abnormal CM responded to therapy compared to those with a normal study (79% vs 65% respectively, P = 0.04). FCI patients had lower median anal resting pressure compared to FC (49 vs 66 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.03); no other ARM parameter differentiated FC from FCI. We found no association between therapy response and ARM interpretation (P = 0.847) or any ARM parameter. A multivariate analysis found only male gender was associated with FCI (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FCI patients have higher frequency of normal CM parameters compared to FC, but overall interpretation was no different. CM helped predict response to therapy in FC but not in FCI. ARM demonstrated no added benefit in the evaluation of functional constipation with/without soiling. Patients with both normal ARM and CM had a lower response to therapy than those with abnormal studies.
Single headed attention based sequence-to-sequence model for state-of-the-art results on Switchboard-300.

It is generally believed that direct sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) speech recognition models are competitive with hybrid models only when a large amount of data, at least a thousand hours, is available for training. In this paper, we show that state-of-the-art recognition performance can be achieved on the Switchboard-300 database using a single headed attention, LSTM based model. Using a cross-utterance language model, our single-pass speaker independent system reaches 6.4% and 12.5% word error rate (WER) on the Switchboard and CallHome subsets of Hub5'00, without a pronunciation lexicon. While careful regularization and data augmentation are crucial in achieving this level of performance, experiments on Switchboard-2000 show that nothing is more useful than more data. Overall, the combination of various regularizations and a simple but fairly large model results in a new state of the art, 4.7% and 7.8% WER on the Switchboard and CallHome sets, using SWB-2000 without any external data resources.
Spray-Coated, Volatile and Nonvolatile, Two-Terminal, Resistive Switching Memory Devices Comprising Liquid-Exfoliated Black Phosphorus and Graphene Layers

Resistive switching memory devices fabricated with black phosphorus inks showed volatile memory device characteristics, specifically static random access memory (SRAM) and bipolar resistive switching. A high ON-/OFF -current ratio of $6.5\times 10^{{7}}$ was obtained at a reading voltage of 0.5 V with good retention stability (over 104 s). Multilevel data storage performance under different compliance currents was demonstrated. Importantly, a nonvolatile memory device was also fabricated, using an ink that comprised thinner, on average, black phosphorus flakes with a narrower thickness distribution than the ink used in the above described devices. The nonvolatile memory device showed good write/erase operation, like flash memory, during 100 endurance cycles, and good retention stability with $1.9\times 10^{{3}}$ of on/off ratio at 0.5 V. According to these results, we suggest that thin films of liquid-exfoliated black phosphorus deposited by spray coating are suitable for low-cost, solution-processed, two-terminal resistive memory devices, either volatile or nonvolatile ones, the memory device type being controlled by the details of the ink preparation process, and the resulting flake thickness distributions.
Functional data structures

Statistics is concerned with obtaining information from observations X 1, X 2, …, X N . The X n can be scalars, vectors or other objects. For example, each X n can be a satellite image, in some spectral bandwidth, of a particular region of the Earth taken at time n. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is concerned with observations which are viewed as functions defined over some set T. A satellite image processed to show surface temperature can be viewed as a function X defined on a subset T of a sphere, X(t) being the temperature at location t. The value X n (t) is then the temperature at location t at time n. Clearly, due to finite resolution, the values of X n are available only at a finite grid of points, but the temperature does exist at every location, so it is natural to view X n as a function defined over the whole set T.
KEYWORDS: All new, all different? A history of race and the American superhero, by Allan W. Austin and Patrick Lawrence Hamilton, University of Texas Press, 2019, 392 pp., $35.95 (paperback), ISBN: 9781477318973

All New, All Different?: A History of Race and the American Superhero is a comprehensive inside look at superhero popular culture and its complicated relationship not just with race but ‘multicultu...
INSIGHT responsive parenting intervention effects on child appetite and maternal feeding practices through age 3 years

Expert guidance encourages interventions promoting structure-based practices to establish predictable eating environments in order to foster children's self-regulatory skills. However, few studies have examined whether and how child characteristics may moderate effects of interventions on maternal feeding practices. This analysis aimed to examine the effect of the INSIGHT Responsive Parenting (RP) intervention delivered largely during infancy, on child appetitive traits at 2.5 years and maternal feeding practices at 3 years. Primiparous mother-newborn dyads were randomized to a RP intervention designed for obesity prevention or a safety control intervention. Mothers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire at 2.5 years and the Structure and Control in Parent Feeding Questionnaire at 3 years. T-tests assessed study group differences on child appetitive traits at 2.5 years and maternal feeding practices at age 3. ANCOVA models assessed the effect of study group on parent feeding practices and tested appetitive traits as a moderator. Two hundred thirty-two mother-child dyads completed the trial. Mothers were predominantly white, non-Hispanic, college educated, and married. RP group mothers used more consistent meal routines, and less pressure, food to soothe, and food as reward compared to controls. Child satiety responsiveness moderated the RP intervention effect on maternal use of limiting exposure to unhealthy foods such that the RP intervention was most effective for children at higher levels of satiety responsiveness. Food responsiveness moderated RP intervention effects on maternal use of pressure, such that at lower levels of food responsiveness, control group mothers used more pressure than RP mothers. The INSIGHT RP intervention demonstrated sustained effects on maternal feeding practices through age 3 years, with some intervention effects showing moderation by child appetitive traits.
Malaria-induced bacteremia as a consequence of multiple parasite survival strategies

Globally, malaria continues to be an enormous public health burden, with concomitant parasite-induced damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) barrier resulting in bacteremia-associated morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Infected red blood cells sequester in and can occlude the GI microvasculature, ultimately leading to disruption of the tight and adherens junctions that would normally serve as a physical barrier to translocating enteric bacteria. Mast cell (MC) activation and translocation to the GI during malaria intensifies damage to the physical barrier and weakens the immunological barrier through the release of enzymes and factors that alter the host response to escaped enteric bacteria. In this context, activated MCs release Th2 cytokines, promoting a balanced Th1/Th2 response that increases local and systemic allergic inflammation while protecting the host from overwhelming Th1-mediated immunopathology. Beyond the mammalian host, recent studies in both the lab and field have revealed an association between a Th2-skewed host response and success of parasite transmission to mosquitoes, biology that is evocative of parasite manipulation of the mammalian host. Collectively, these observations suggest that malaria-induced bacteremia may be, in part, an unintended consequence of a Th2-shifted host response that promotes parasite survival and transmission. Future directions of this work include defining the factors and mechanisms that precede the development of bacteremia, which will enable the development of biomarkers to simplify diagnostics, the identification of therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes and better understanding of the consequences of clinical interventions to transmission blocking strategies.
Changes in lipidomic profile by anti-retroviral treatment regimen: An ACTG 5257 ancillary study.

ABSTRACT High cardiovascular disease risk in people living with HIV is partly attributed to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid response to ART has been extensively studied, yet, little is known how small molecule lipids respond to Integrase inhibitor-based (INSTI-based) compared to Protease inhibitor-based (PI-based) ART regimens.Ancillary study to a phase 3, randomized, open-label trial [AIDS Clinical Trial Group A5257 Study] in treatment-naive HIV-infected patients randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r), ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) (both PI-based), or raltegravir with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-TDF plus emtricitabine (RAL, INSTI-based).We examined small molecule lipid response in a subcohort of 75 participants. Lipidomic assays of plasma samples collected pre- and post-ART treatment (48 weeks) were conducted using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The effect of ART regimens was regressed on lipid species response adjusting for the baseline covariates (lipids, age, sex, race, CD4 level, BMI, and smoking). Results were validated in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems study (N = 16).Out of 417 annotated lipids, glycerophospholipids (P = .007) and sphingolipids (P = .028) had a higher response to ATV/r and DRV/r compared to RAL. The lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs(16:1),(17:1),(20:3)) and phosphophatidylcholine species (PCs(40:7),(38:4)) had an opposite response to RAL versus ATV/r in the discovery and validation cohort. The INSTI-based regimen had an opposite response of ceramide species ((d38:1), (d42:2)), PCs((35:2), (38:4)), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs(38:4), (38:6)), and sphingomyelin(SMd38:1) species compared with the PI-based regimens. There were no differences observed between 2 PI-based regimens.We observed differences in response of small molecule lipid species by ART regimens in treatment-naive people living with HIV.
Expandable vs. Static Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cages: 1-year Radiographic Parameters and Patient Reported Outcomes.

Abstract Background Expandable transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) cages capable of multidirectional in situ expansion have gained popularity as they increase axial surface area for fusion and may enhance lordotic correction through a traditional MIS surgical corridor. Objective To evaluate and compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes between a novel expandable vs. static MIS TLIF cage for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Study Design A single center retrospective review of 120 consecutive adult patients undergoing 1 or 2-level MIS TLIF with an expandable (n=60) or static cage was performed between 2015-2019. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes were assessed by upright flexion/extension radiographs and serial confidential surveys. Results 120 patients (mean age 63.5 years, 60.0 % female) undergoing 1 and 2-level MIS TLIF met inclusion criteria. A statistically significant reduction of spondylolisthesis, restoration of foraminal, anterior and posterior disc height was achieved in both cohorts, but greater in the ECC (all p Conclusions Taken together, these radiographic and clinical findings suggest an expandable cage placed through an MIS corridor represents a safe, equitable and efficacious alternative to a static TLIF in adults with degenerative lumbar pathology.
Ontology, Epistemology, Explication and Exactness in Mathematics and Sciences

All the questions raised in the previous chapters fall under either the set of questions of ontological type or the set of questions of epistemological type. Most of the questions are of epistemological type. The theory of the knowledge square is a meta-theory on epistemology and knowledge production. The point of entry of the meta-theory is that the information input for knowledge production is defective due to fuzziness and incompleteness that create qualitative and quantitative inexactness for all sciences. Fuzziness is associated with qualitative disposition of information while incompleteness is associated with quantitative disposition of information about epistemic objects with neutrality of time. The point of departure is a search for an appropriate symbolism that will incorporate fuzziness and incompleteness of information with a further search for appropriate logic of operations that will allow exact equivalences to be abstracted from inexactness. All the debates in the last analysis are about what we claim to know about what there is in the ontological space and the process of knowing. In the epistemic process of knowing, the solution to the problem of exactness forces us to choose between two principles that must be taken as intuitive assumptions. They are the ontological principle of exactness and inexactness, on one hand, and the epistemological principle of exactness and inexactness on the other. The inter-relational structures between ontology and epistemology regarding exactness and inexactness are displayed in Figure 7.0.1. In the process of the knowledge production, are we willing to assume the ontological principle of exactness about the elements in the universal object set as defined in the potential space relative to knowing? In other words, are we willing to accept the fundamental principle that ontological objects, processes and states are exact, and hence there are no vague objects and there is no defective ontological information structure associated with them as in Cohort II? Alternatively, are we to accept ontological vagueness and epistemic exactness as in Cohort III? Another choice that is to be faced is that of accepting complete exactness in both spaces where the epistemological information is the exact replica of the ontological information as in Cohort I. The final choice is to accept complete inexactness in both the spaces with vague ontological and epistemic objects as in Cohort IV. Let us examine these in a little more detail.
Regulation of the Canadian cable industry: A comparative analysis

Abstract The Canadian and US cable television industries have similar economic characteristics and market structures, yet each has a distinct mix of programme services and a different history of development. These differences are largely due to a different economic status in each country, cultural peculiarities and contrasting theories of regulation. The US regulatory environment is gradually moving toward a laissez-faire market approach while in Canada more traditional and formal rules still apply which constrict economic behaviour. This difference in regulatory philosophy is most evident in the treatment of pay television. Canadian regulatory policy has given rise to rules which are at variance with economic incentives and efficiency.
Treat: A New and Efficient Match Algorithm for Ai Production Systems

Describes the architecture and software systems embodying the DADO machine, a parallel tree-structured computer designed to improve over serial computers comparable complexity in the execution of large expert systems implemented i production system form. Contributes a new match algorithm for execut
A multilevel VR implementation and MIMO control scheme for vertically-stacked microprocessor cores

Falling supply voltages and increasing parallelism in digital systems pose significant challenges to voltage regulators. Efficient power conversion is especially hampered by very low conversion ratios when supplying low voltage processors from a intermediate DC bus. A recently proposed solution to this problem is to leverage partial power processing architectures which allow to connect multiple loads in series while still regulating the voltage across each load independently of the individual load currents. This work advances the approach by developing a general dynamical system model and control scheme for this architecture. A hardware prototype of a power converter supplying four low-voltage loads from a 12 V supply was developed to demonstrate the proposed control scheme and the efficiency advantages of this architecture. Experimental results show that independent regulation and up to 98% system efficiency can be achieved with load voltages ranging from 0.8–1.4V.
Object mitosis: a systematic approach to splitting objects across subsystems

An experimental method, called object mitosis, is presented. Object mitosis is a systematic process for splitting an analysis object into design objects that reside in multiple subsystems. The problem of high coupling between subsystems is discussed and object mitosis is shown to be a possible solution. >
Feeding assistance needs of long-stay nursing home residents and staff time to provide care.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the staff time requirements to provide feeding assistance to nursing home residents who require three different types of assistance to improve oral food and fluid intake (social stimulation, verbal cuing, or both; physical guidance; or full physical assistance) and to determine whether physically dependent residents require more staff time, as defined in the national Resource Utilization Group System (RUGS) used for reimbursement. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Six skilled nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one long-stay residents with low oral intake who responded to improved feeding assistance. MEASURMENTS: Research staff conducted direct observations of usual nursing home care for 2 consecutive days (total of six meals) to measure oral food and fluid consumption (total percentage eaten) and staff time spent providing assistance (minutes and seconds). Research staff then implemented a standardized graduated-assistance protocol on 2 separate days (total of six meals) that enhanced residents' oral food and fluid intake. RESULTS: Staff time to provide feeding assistance that improved food and fluid consumption was comparable across different levels of eating dependency. Across all levels, residents required an average of 35 to 40 minutes of staff time per meal; thus, residents who needed only supervision and verbal cuing required just as much time as those who were physically dependent on staff for eating. CONCLUSION: The current RUGS system used for reimbursement likely underestimates the staff time required to provide feeding assistance care that improves oral intake.
The fermilab polarized proton and antiproton beam

This paper shows the performance of the polarized proton and antiproton beam at Fermilab during the beamline’s first period of operation by the E581/704 collaboration.1 The beamline uses a correlation between the trajectory of secondary protons (antiprotons) created by lambda (antilambda) decays and their polarization to tag the polarization of individual beam particles. Three topics are covered: the kinematics of the lambda decay that produces polarized protons, the system used to tag the protons, and the actual rates of polarized proton and antiproton production.