cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age and job fit: The relationship between demands-ability fit and retirement and health.

Understanding the antecedents of retirement and health is increasingly important given the proportion of older adults in the global workforce. The current study examines the relationship between the demands-ability facet of person-job fit and retirement status and health. The sample consists of older workers and retired adults (N = 383) from the Study of Cognition and Aging in the U.S.A. (a national study of age and cognitive abilities). Objective demands-ability fit was operationalized as the fit between a person's cognitive abilities assessed with an extensive battery of reasoning (fluid abilities) and knowledge (crystallized abilities) and relevant job demands taken from the Occupational Information Network. Results indicated that as the congruence between workers' reasoning abilities and job demands increased, workers reported fewer chronic health conditions. When reasoning abilities required by a job exceeded worker abilities, workers reported more health conditions and were more likely to be retired versus working. Fewer health conditions were reported when reasoning abilities exceeded reasoning job demands. Congruence for knowledge abilities and demands fit was significant only at medium levels of knowledge abilities and demands. Overall, these results suggest that demands-ability fit is relevant to the experience of work in older age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Donna Haraway, 'Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene'

Donna Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016), 312 pp., $26.95 (pbk), ISBN: 978-0-8223-6224-1.
Provision of Contraception in New York City School-Based Health Centers: Impact on Teenage Pregnancy and Avoided Costs, 2008-2017.

Context Since 2008, the School-Based Health Center Reproductive Health Project (SBHC RHP) has supported SBHCs in New York City (NYC) to increase the availability of effective contraception; however, its impact on teenage pregnancy and avoided costs has not been estimated. Methods The impact of the SBHC RHP on patterns of contraceptive use and on the numbers of pregnancies, abortions and births averted in 2008-2017 was estimated using program data and public data from the NYC Bureau of Vital Statistics and Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Data from the Guttmacher Institute on the cost of publicly funded births and abortions were used to estimate costs avoided; NYC-specific teenage pregnancy outcome data were employed to estimate the proportion of overall declines attributable to the SBHC RHP. Results Between 2008 and 2017, the SBHC RHP supported a substantial increase in the proportion of sexually active female clients using effective contraceptives. Most dramatically, 14% of clients in the SBHC RHP method mix used LARCs in 2017, compared with 2% in the non-SBHC RHP mix. The project averted an estimated 5,376 pregnancies, 2,104 births and 3,085 abortions, leading to an estimated $30,360,352 in avoided one-time costs of publicly funded births and abortions. These averted events accounted for 26-28% of the decline in teenage pregnancies, births and abortions in NYC. Conclusions When comprehensive reproductive health services are available in SBHCs, teenagers use them, resulting in substantially fewer pregnancies, abortions and births, and lower costs to public health systems.
Continuous Model Adaptation Using Online Meta-Learning for Smart Grid Application

The rapid development of deep learning algorithms provides us an opportunity to better understand the complexity in engineering systems, such as the smart grid. Most of the existing data-driven predictive models are trained using historical data and fixed during the execution stage, which cannot adapt well to real-time data. In this research, we propose a novel online meta-learning (OML) algorithm to continuously adapt pretrained base-learner through efficiently digesting real-time data to adaptively control the base-learner parameters using meta-optimizer. The simulation results show that: 1) both ML and OML can perform significantly better than online base learning. 2) OML can perform better than ML and online base learning when the training data are limited, or the training and real-time data have very different time-variant patterns.
In a relationship, who tends to sext first?

Current research into sexting behaviours primarily focuses on adolescent and university student populations. Yet, recent research shows it is normative for adults older than typical college age stu...
Update of CDF Results on Diffraction

The diffractive program of the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron pbar-p Collider is reviewed with emphasis on recent results from Run-II and future prospects.
Baseline, retest, and post-injury profiles of auditory neural function in collegiate football players.

Recent retrospective studies report differences in auditory neurophysiology between concussed athletes and uninjured controls using the frequency-following response (FFR). Adopting a prospective de...
Using ranked survey data in education research: Methods and applications.

Abstract Researchers and practitioners in education and school psychology regularly use ranked data to drive student- and systems-level decision-making. These types of data can be derived from assessments of individual preferences among researchers and practitioners, assessments of preferences among stakeholders including parents and children, and rankings of students on academic and social-emotional competency. However, the analysis of ranked data in education and psychology has typically been limited to simple approaches such as the examination of mean ranks assigned to items. This paper unifies a collection of classical methodologies, as well as proposes new techniques, for analyzing ranked data used across disciplines and applies the methods to data generated in school psychological research. The scope of the paper is to serve as a roadmap for researchers in education and school psychology who seek to more fully leverage information contained in ranked data. These methodologies include descriptive analyses, visualizations, tests of uniformity, cluster analyses, and predictive models. We demonstrate these techniques on the survey data of Fefer, DeMagistris, and Shuttleton (2016) and illustrate how using a broader set of tools can yield improved insights by researchers and practitioners.
Landsat Data Continuity Mission - Launch Fever

The year 2013 will be an exciting period for those that study the Earth land surface from space, particularly those that observe and characterize land cover, land use, and the change of cover and use over time. Two new satellite observatories will be launched next year that will enhance capabilities for observing the global land surface. The United States plans to launch the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) in January. That event will be followed later in the year by the European Space Agency (ESA) launch of the first Sentinel 2 satellite. Considered together, the two satellites will increase the frequency of opportunities for viewing the land surface at a scale where human impact and influence can be differentiated from natural change. Data from the two satellites will provide images for similar spectral bands and for comparable spatial resolutions with rigorous attention to calibration that will facilitate cross comparisons. This presentation will provide an overview of the LDCM satellite system and report its readiness for the January launch.
Obstetrical Implications of Sexual Dimorphism in Hominoid Os Coxae

Many studies have examined pelvic sexual dimorphism and its functional implications in linear analyses, but few have used three-dimensional (3D) methods, which are ideal for complex structures such as the pelvis. This study examines human and ape os coxae using 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) to determine if patterns of sexual dimorphism relate to obstetrical and/or biomechanical requirements. Twenty-five 3D landmarks were collected on 35 human and 116 hominoid os coxae. Generalized Procrustes and principal component analyses were performed on combined and sex-specific species samples. Tests of male and female human os coxae demonstrate dimorphism in several pelvic traits related to increasing birth canal dimensions in females; females have a wider subpubic angle and greater sciatic notch than males, as well as a short ischial spine. Hominoids, however, did not exhibit sexual dimorphism in pelvic shape. These results confirm previous studies showing that human pelvic shape dimorphism is related to the obs...
Parallel Computer Architecture and Instruction-Level Parallelism

Welcome to this topic of the Euro-Par conference held this year in picturesque Paderborn, Germany. I was extremely honored to serve as the global chair for these sessions on Parallel Computer Architecture and Instruction-Level Parallelism and I look forward to meeting all practitioners of the field, researchers, and students at the conference.
Open and closed kinetic chain exercises improve shoulder joint reposition sense equally in healthy subjects.

Objective: To compare the effects of open and closed kinetic chain exercise on shoulder joint reposition sense. Design and Setting: Subjects with no previous upper extremity injury participated in a 6-week exercise program consisting of 3 sessions per week. Subjects: Thirty-nine healthy male military cadets: 13 each in the open, closed, and control groups. Measurements: Each subject was pretested and posttested for both active and passive joint reposition sense at 30° external rotation, 30° internal rotation, and 10° from full external rotation. Results: The open and closed kinetic chain groups decreased in reposition sense error scores in comparison with the control group, but no difference was found between the 2 training groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that shoulder joint reposition sense can be enhanced with training in healthy subjects. Also, open and closed kinetic chain exercises appear to be equally effective in improving shoulder joint reposition sense.
EFFECT OF INCLINATION ON FILM BOILING

The object of this investigation was to determine the effect of inclination on the heat transfer for film pool boiling. The test plate used as the heater was made of Inconel-600 and heated electrically. Liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure was used as the test fluid. The heater was oriented at various angles from the horizontal position with the heater surface facing both upward and downward and the heat transfer coefficient was determined for each angle over temperature differences ranging from 450°F to 750°F. As the heater angle was increased from 0° (horizontal) to 90° (vertical), the heat transfer coefficient increased both for the heater surface facing upward and for the surface facing downward but the magnitude of the change was different. ii
The Analytic Hierarchy Process: a viable decision tool for composite materials?

With the development of integrated product design methodologies and the growing emergence of the field of manufacturing science, materials, both advanced (such as composites) and traditional (such as aluminium and sheet steel) are competing for applications. With the creation of a global economy, the importance of rapid decision–making, even when complete quantitative information is not available, is becoming increasingly evident. Methodologies for strategic decision–making are needed that will (a) develop deeper understanding of the problem under consideration, (b) improve decision–making quality through consistent, explicit and realistic sets of assumptions, and (c) lower overall systems costs through savings of resources. This paper highlights the use of Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a viable means for rapid decision–making in a concurrent engineering team. An example for the selection of manufacturing technologies for the fabrication of an automobile fender is used and it is seen that the AHP provides results consistent with those derived through more in–depth and time–consuming approaches, without any waste of precious time or resources, by using team expertise.
The Economic Value of a Law Degree, Powerpoint Presentation

Legal academics and journalists have marshaled statistics purporting to show that enrolling in law school is irrational. We investigate the economic value of a law degree and find the opposite: given current tuition levels, the median and even 25th percentile annual earnings premiums justify enrollment. For most law school graduates, the present value of a law degree typically exceeds its cost by hundreds of thousands of dollars. We improve upon previous studies by tracking lifetime earnings of a large sample of law degree holders. Previous studies focused on starting salaries, generic professional degree holders, or the subset of law degree holders who practice law. We also include unemployment and disability risk rather than assume continuous full time employment. After controlling for observable ability sorting, we find that a law degree is associated with a 73 percent median increase in monthly earnings and 60 percent increase in median hourly wages. The mean annual earnings premium of a law degree is approximately $57,200 in 2013 dollars. The law degree earnings premium is cyclical and recent years are within historical norms. We estimate the mean pre-tax lifetime value of a law degree as approximately $1,000,000.
Environmental Factors Influencing White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Wisconsin

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are commonly exposed to disease agents that affect livestock but environmental factors that predispose deer to exposure are unknown for many pathogens. We trapped deer during winter months on two study areas (Northern Forest and Eastern Farmland) in Wisconsin from 2010 to 2013. Deer were tested for exposure to six serovars of Leptospira interrogans (grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, bratislava, pomona, and hardjo), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBR), and parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3). We used logistic regression to model potential intrinsic (e.g., age, sex) and extrinsic (e.g., land type, study site, year, exposure to multiple pathogens) variables we considered biologically meaningful to exposure of deer to livestock pathogens. Deer sampled in 2010–2011 did not demonstrate exposure to BVDV, so we did not test for BVDV in subsequent years. Deer had evidence of exposure to PI3 (24.7%), IBR (7.9%), Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (11.7%), L. i. bratislava (1.0%), L. i. grippotyphosa (2.5%) and L. i. hardjo (0.3%). Deer did not demonstrate exposure to L. interrogans serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae. For PI3, we found that capture site and year influenced exposure. Fawns (n = 119) were not exposed to L. i. pomona, but land type was an important predictor of exposure to L. i. pomona for older deer. Our results serve as baseline exposure levels of Wisconsin white-tailed deer to livestock pathogens, and helped to identify important factors that explain deer exposure to livestock pathogens.
Nucleosome functions in spindle assembly and nuclear envelope formation

Chromosomes are not only carriers of the genetic material, but also actively regulate the assembly of complex intracellular architectures. During mitosis, chromosome-induced microtubule polymerisation ensures spindle assembly in cells without centrosomes and plays a supportive role in centrosome-containing cells. Chromosomal signals also mediate post-mitotic nuclear envelope (NE) re-formation. Recent studies using novel approaches to manipulate histones in oocytes, where functions can be analysed in the absence of transcription, have established that nucleosomes, but not DNA alone, mediate the chromosomal regulation of spindle assembly and NE formation. Both processes require the generation of RanGTP by RCC1 recruited to nucleosomes but nucleosomes also acquire cell cycle stage specific regulators, Aurora B in mitosis and ELYS, the initiator of nuclear pore complex assembly, at mitotic exit. Here, we review the mechanisms by which nucleosomes control assembly and functions of the spindle and the NE, and discuss their implications for genome maintenance.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of a U.S. Native Fine-leaved Festuca Population Reveals Its Potential Use for Low-input Urban Landscapes

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. abiotic stress tolerance, genetic analysis, AFLP ABSTRACT. Continued reduction in limited natural resources worldwide increasingly necessitates the incorporation of low-maintenance and low-input plant materials into urban landscapes. Some fine-leaved Festuca grass species have been used in formal gardens and native urban landscapes because of their inherent tolerance to abiotic stresses, but native,ornamentaltypes(tallandnon-spreadingwithmulticoloredculmsandpanicles)arenotcommoninlandscapes of the western United States. A native fine-leaved Festuca collection made in Montana (designated FEID 9025897) by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Services possesses such ornamental characteristics but has not been evaluated for its horticultural potential. Therefore, a study was designed to assess its phenotypic and genotypic attributes by cloning 270 FEID 9025897 plants and evaluating them along with native F. idahoensis and F. ovina PIs (five) and commercial checks (five) for genetic diversity and plant morphology for 2 years (2010-11). Plant genetic constitution was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Plant height, width, biomass, relative vigor (visual rating of 0 = dead to 5 = green, abundant growth), persistence (number of plants alive per plot), and regrowth after clipping (visual rating of 0 = none to 5 = most) were estimated by evaluation of plants under replication at Hyde Park, UT. Based on AFLP-based coancestry analysis, FEID 9025897 plants possessed considerable genetic affinities with F. idahoensis. Morphological traits as averaged over both years varied in height (13.9 to 105.0 cm), width (9.9 to 66.2 cm), biomass (0 to 170.4 g), vigor (0.2 to 4.7), persistence (0 to 3.9), and regrowth (0 to 4.0). Based on these differences, 19 (7%) FEID 9025897 plants were identified for their ornamental potential that possessed multicolored (red, orange, and yellow) culms and varied in morphology with 2-year means of height (79.8 cm), width (45.2 cm), biomass (88.5 g), vigor (2.9), persistence (1.8), and regrowth (3.7).
The No Impunity Policy in International Criminal Law: Justice versus Revenge

In this article, the author examines the issue of justice versus revenge in the context of jus cogens crimes and fundamental moral and legal principles. Her objective is to provide a critical appraisal of M. Cherif Bassiouni's theory of punishment in the light of his general jurisprudence. The main question is whether there is a consistency problem. On the one hand, Bassiouni draws a distinction between justice and revenge. On the other hand, the distinction is not a dichotomy. This is to say that Bassiouni does not dogmatically prohibit revenge as a punitive measure in circumstances where jus cogens crimes have been committed and where there is no effective, independent and impartial judiciary, which can secure justice in terms of strict and legal accountability. Outlining the various premises for Bassiouni's so-called Mixed Model, the author shows that conclusions pertaining to consistency should not be interpreted simplistically.
Reaction of Reindeer to Obstructions and Disturbances

In Scandinavia, highways and railroads have not generally created obstructions to the movement of domesticated reindeer, although thousands of animals are killed each year in accidents. Some disruption in the movements of wild reindeer in Norway has been associated with the construction of a railroad and highway through an alpine plateau south of Trondheim. Hydroelectric projects have had the greatest detrimental effects on reindeer by flooding rangelands and obstructing migration routes. Special problems are created by the fluctuating water levels in reservoirs and rivers; efforts to mitigate the effects of these fluctuations have been only partially successful. Reindeer have strong traditions for migrating along specific routes, and realignment of these routes is extremely difficult. Conflicts of interest exist between reindeer herders and foresters. During their winter feeding, the deer damage young trees. The cutting of forests usually results in a deterioration of the area as a rangeland for reindeer. Herbicides used in forestry have been implicated in the death of some reindeer in Sweden, and research is now under way to determine the effects of herbicides on reindeer. The increased use of fences in reindeer husbandry in Scandinavia has emphasized the fact that reindeer behavior and characteristics of the terrain must be considered if fences are to be successful in directing or controlling the movements of reindeer. Herders now use snowmobiles instead of reindeer for transportation and herding, but the machines disturb the reindeer and must be used with discretion. Recent evidence indicates that large amounts of industrial waste in the atmosphere are carried from the British Isles and central Europe to Scandinavia, where they fall out in rain and snow. This has raised concern about the influence of the wastes on lichens, the main winter food supply of reindeer. Studies are now under way in Finland, Sweden, and Norway, through the International Biological Program, to determine the growth rates of the several lichen species that are important to reindeer.
Nonaqueous fluid xanthation of alkali cellulose

Xanthation can be accomplished by slurrying the alkali cellulose in an organic liquid chosen to be miscible with carbon disulfide, immiscible with water, and a nonsolvent for sodium hydroxide, alkali cellulose, cellulose xanthate, and other components of viscose. Straight-chain hydrocarbons, such as n-hexane and n-heptane, satisfy these requirements and function very well. A viscose preparation system using this method of xanthation would consist of a slurry step wherein the alkali cellulose and carbon disulfide are reacted in the selected organic liquid, a filtering step to remove the xanthate from the liquid, and a mixing operation to dissolve the xanthate in weak alkali to produce viscose. Because of the near-perfect distribution of carbon disulfide throughout the reaction, this method of xanthation produces filterable viscoses a t very low degree of substitution. It is also possible to produce viscose of identical composition at widely different process conditions by various combinations of temperature, reaction time, and carbon disulfide concentration.
Chronic treatment with amitriptyline produces subsensitivity to the hypothermic effects of clonidine.

Abstract 1. Supersensitivity or up-regulation of presynaptic α 2 -adrenoceptors may be. involved in the pathogenesis of depression. 2. The authors used a thermoregulation paradigm to test the hypothesis that chronic treatment with a tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline (AMI) produces subsensitivity to the hypothermie effects of the α 2 agonist clonidine. 3. Treatment with amitriptyline produced blunting of the hypothermie response to clonidine. 4. Subsensitivity persisted for at least 21 days--that point after the discontinuation of the tricyclic at which the animals were last challenged with clonidine. 5. These findings are consistent with previous reports that tricyclic antidepressants produce subsensitivity of α 2 adrenoceptors.
Interactions between imidacloprid and Metarhizium brunneum on adult Asian longhorned beetles (Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Abstract Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a longhorned beetle species native to Asia, has been introduced into several North American and European cities. Currently eradication and preventive measures are limited to identifying and destroying infested trees and protecting uninfested trees with trunk or soil-injections of the systemic insecticide imidacloprid. Because entomopathogenic fungi like Metarhizium brunneum Petch have been identified as virulent against these beetles we conducted several tests to determine the compatibility of the two agents in combination. Radial hyphal growth and the sporulation capacity of M. brunneum on Sabouraud dextrose agar with yeast were not significantly affected by the presence of imidacloprid. In a 2 × 3 factorial experiment investigating interactions between exposure to imidacloprid and M. brunneum we observed no effect of imidacloprid alone on beetle survival when beetles were given a single dose of 10 or 100 ppm compared to control insects. We observed a significant effect of exposure to M. brunneum, and a significant interaction between imidacloprid and M. brunneum representing a synergistic effect of dual treatment. Beetles exposed to the fungus alone lived significantly longer compared to insects treated with a single dose of 100 ppm imidacloprid (9.5 vs. 6.5 d). Consumption of striped maple twigs by beetles exposed to imidacloprid, across concentrations, was reduced 48% compared to control insects, where as consumption by M. brunneum-exposed beetles was reduced by 16% over the first 6-days of the test period. Beetles fed 100 ppm imidacloprid consumed 32% less over the first 3 d compared to beetles not exposed to imidacloprid and thereafter consumed as much as beetles not fed 100 ppm imidacloprid. M. brunneum-exposed beetles consumed significantly less food than control insects throughout the test period, and beetles treated with imidacloprid produced significantly fewer conidia compared to beetles not treated with imidacloprid.
Thermal and Flow Fields Modeling of Fast Spark Discharges in Air

In this study, a two-dimensional axisymmetric computational model of spark discharge in air is presented to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the process. Better understanding of the modeling issues in spark discharge processes is an important issue for the automotive spark plug community. In this work we investigate the evolution of the shock front, temperature, pressure, density, geometry, and flow history of a plasma kernel using various assumptions that are typically used in spark discharge simulations. A continuum, inviscid, heat conducting, single fluid description of the flow is considered with radiative losses. Assuming local thermal equilibrium, the energy input due to resistive heating is determined using a specified current profile and temperature-dependent gas electrical conductivity in the gap. The spark discharge model focuses on the early time flow physics, the relative importance of conduction and radiation losses, the influence of thermodynamic model choice and ambient pressure effects.
Stress limits and minimum reinforcement requirements in shear design provisions

There are substantial differences in the maximum stress limits and minimum shear reinforcement requirements that are used in codes of practice. A database of 1287 shear test results was used to evaluate the requirements/limits that are used in the ACI318-02 Building Code, the AASHTO-LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, and Eurocode 2. Owing to concerns and uncertainties about the behaviour of members cast with high-strength concrete, codes of practice place a limit on the maximum concrete compressive strength (f′c) that may be used in design relationships. This limit may be as low as 50 MPa. An examination of test data reveals that these maximum stress limitations may be unnecessary, except for members that are large, lightly reinforced in flexure, and which do not contain shear reinforcement. Codes also limit the maximum allowable shear stress in a member. In this case, the limitation is principally to guard against brittle compression failures. The shear stress limits employed in the three codes examined were found to differ by up to 2.5 times. This illustrates a lack of international agreement on fundamental issues related to shear behaviour. While only a limited amount of test data is available to evaluate the appropriateness of the selected limits, these data suggest that the ACI318-02 limitation may be needlessly conservative. Minimum shear reinforcing requirements also differ substantially between these three codes of practice. The test data indicate that there is a small positive correlation of the shear strength ratio (Vtest/Vcode) with the amount of shear reinforcement and little to no correlation of this ratio with the spacing of the shear reinforcement. It is suggested that more accurate shear design provisions, minimum reinforcement requirements, and maximum shear limits will be achieved if researchers and code committee members work together to develop a qualified test database from which future research needs may be defined and from which improved provisions can be developed.
Database support for the PROTOS-L system

Abstract High-level database access is of increasing importance to programming languages and software development systems used on workstations. We present both, the concept of database modules embedding database access in the logic programming language PROTOS-L and the integration of database access into the PROTOS-L system, i.e., the integration of run-time fact and code retrieval from a relational database into the PROTOS-L system.
The proband method in psychiatric epidemiology: a bias associated with differences in family size.

— Psychiatric epidemiology has traditionally employed both census and proband-based methods to determine the population prevalence of psychiatric disorders. In this article we outline a potential bias in the proband method. With this method, the probability of ascertainment for an individual depends on the number of available relatives. If the average size of families containing one or more affected individuals (RA) differs from the average size of families with no affected individuals (Ru). then the ratio of the prevalence estimated by the proband method to the true prevalence is approximately [(RA -1)/(Ru -1)]. For certain psychiatric disorders associated with decreased family size (e.g. schizophrenia), the underestimation of prevalence by the proband method may be non-trivial.
Aerosol and lidar measurements of hazes in mid-latitude and polar airmasses

Abstract Airborne lidar and in situ measurements of hazes were obtained in March 1986 during research flights from the East Coast of the United States to Baffin Island, Canada. Mid-latitude and polar airmasses, clearly separated by a frontal zone, displayed distinct differences in aerosol characteristics and in the vertical structure of aerosol layers. The data illustrate the differences between freshly polluted, mid-latitude air and clean and hazy polar air. Particle size spectra in the mid-latitude airmass contained distinct nucleation (0.01–0.1 μm diameter) and accumulation (0.1–1.0 μm diameter) modes, while in the polar airmass there was generally only an accumulation mode. The modal diameter of particles in the accumulation mode increased with increasing particle concentration in the polar airmass. Differences in the shapes of the particle size spectra measured in the two airmasses can be explained by differences in the sources and lifetimes of the particles. Hazes observed by a 1.064 μm wavelength lidar in the mid-latitude airmass were relatively diffuse, while those in the polar airmass appeared in multiple thin laminae. Measurements of the wind speed profile suggest that the multi-layered structure of the hazes in the polar airmass was due to the advection of thin, hazy regions into the generally clean polar airmass and by the extreme thermal stability of the lower troposphere.
The EUV continuum emission (1400–1960 Å) in a solar flare observed from Skylab

The total radiative output in the EUV continuum (1400–1960 A) from the 5 September 1973 flare has been obtained from the EUV spectra of the flare observed with the NRL slit spectrograph (SO82B) on Skylab. The radiative energy in the EUV continuum is of the order of 1029 ergs, which is more than a factor of 2 greater than those radiated in soft X-rays (8–20 A) and in Hα for the flare. Thus, the EUV continuum emission is an important radiative energy loss, and should be included in the consideration of the energy balance of the flare.
Damage mechanisms in copper-aluminum wirebond under high temperature operation

Wire bonding is predominant mode of interconnect in electronics packaging. Traditionally material used for wire bonding is gold. But industry is slowly replacing gold wire bond by copper-aluminum wire bond because of the lower cost and better mechanical properties than gold, such as high strength, high thermal conductivity etc. Numerous studies have been done to analyze failure mechanism of Cu-Al wire bonds. Cu-Al interface is a predominant location for failure of the wirebond interconnects. In this paper, the use of intermetallic thickness as leading indicator-of-failure for prognostication of remaining useful life for Cu-Al wire bond interconnects has been studied. For analysis, 32 pin chip scale packages were used. Packages were aged isothermally at 200°C and 250°C for 10 days. Packages were withdrawn periodically after 24 hours and its IMC thickness was measured using SEM. The parts have been prognosticated for accrued damage and remaining useful life in current or anticipated future deployment environment. The presented methodology uses evolution of the IMC thickness in conjunction with the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm to identify accrued damage in wire bond subjected to thermal aging. The proposed method can be used for equivalency of damage accrued in Cu-Al parts subjected to multiple thermal aging environments.
Elastic properties of intermetallic AB2 and AB5 hydrogen-absorbing compounds

Abstract The elastic properties of AB 2 and AB 5 hydrogen-absorbing intermetallic compounds are reviewed. The relevance of these properties to hydrogen absorption is discussed briefly. In many cases the temperature dependence of the elastic constants of the AB 2 compounds is anomalous in that the moduli do not decrease monotonically with increasing temperature. This unusual behavior appears to be associated with electronic structure effects in a number of cases. The absorption of hydrogen by polycrystalline TaV 2 has a profound effect on the aggregate shear modulus, changing both the magnitude and temperature dependence significantly. This effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties appears to occur via effects on the electronic structure. Few measurements of elastic properties have been reported for hydrogen-absorbing AB 5 intermetallic compounds. The LaAl x Ni 5− x system has been investigated by means of measurements on polycrystals prepared by hot isostatic pressing. The moduli decrease about 8% as x increases from 0 to 1.
Presumptive evidence for an intermediate oxirane in the reaction of phenylfluorocarbene with cyclohexenone

Abstract Reaction of phenylfluorocarbene with 2-cyclohexen-1-one affords cyclopropane isomers 2a and 2b via C C addition, as well as the fluoroketone isomers 1a and 1b, apparent rearrangement products of oxiranes 3 formed by carbene addition at C O.
Peripheral Vascular Endothelial Function in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) have coronary microvascular dysfunction, which is an independent predictor of adverse left ventricular remodeling, systolic dysfunction, and mortality in these patients. Whether these defects in vasomotor function are localized to the coronary arteries or whether systemic vasomotor dysfunction is present in patients with HC has not yet been adequately examined. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with HC have altered peripheral vascular endothelial function. Subjects without coronary artery disease (CAD) and those with CAD served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Conduit artery endothelium-dependent vasomotion was assessed with ultrasound by measuring flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Flow-mediated dilation was lower in patients with HC compared with those without CAD (p <0.05) but was similar in patients with CAD (p = NS). In conclusion, vasomotor dysfunction in HC is not restricted to the coronary vasculature. Patients with HC have impaired peripheral conduit vessel endothelial function, and the magnitude of impairment is similar to that seen in older patients with advanced CAD.
Cre-lox recombination in Escherichia coli cells. Mechanistic differences from the in vitro reaction.

The mechanism of the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1 in Escherichia coli cells was analyzed by topological methods in order to determine the important features of the in vivo reaction. λ infection was used to introduce the cre gene into cells containing plasmid substrates. The products of Cre resolution on substrates with directly repeated sites were predominantly free circles, even though decatenation by DNA gyrase was blocked by the drug norfloxacin. Recombination by Cre was greatly stimulated by negative supercoiling, and inversion occurred inefficiently. These results are strikingly different from those found with purified enzyme in vitro. Our data imply that Cre recombination in vivo is much more tightly controlled than it is in vitro, and that Cre acts predominantly as a resolvase in vivo. We suggest a role for Cre-mediated recombination in PI plasmid amplification that is consistent with the selectivity of the enzyme in vivo.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Transforming Growth Factor-β3, but Not Transforming Growth Factor-β1, Inhibits Constrictive Remodeling and Reduces Luminal Loss After Coronary Angioplasty

Background— Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is central to the development of restenosis after PTCA. Substantial evidence implicates transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a regulator of ECM deposition by vascular cells, in its pathogenesis. TGF-β3 reduces TGF-β1—induced ECM deposition in cutaneous wounds. We therefore investigated the effects of intracoronary expression of TGF-β3 and TGF-β1 on luminal loss after angioplasty. Methods and Results— Porcine coronary arteries received an adenovirus expressing TGF-β3, TGF-β1, or lacZ (β-galactosidase), or PBS only, at the site of angioplasty. Morphometric analysis 28 days after angioplasty confirmed reduced luminal loss in TGF-β3 vessels (−0.65±0.10 mm2) compared with lacZ (−1.18±0.19 mm2) or PBS only (−1.19±0.17 mm2; P=0.003). Luminal loss was not reduced in TGF-β1 vessels (−1.02±0.19 mm2; P=0.48). An increase in the external elastic lamina area in TGF-β3–treated vessels (+0.73±0.32 mm2) contrasted with decreases in control vessels (mean, −0.53±0.17 mm2...
Rab11-FIP1C and Rab14 Direct Plasma Membrane Sorting and Particle Incorporation of the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Complex

The incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) onto the developing particle is a crucial step in the HIV-1 lifecycle. The long cytoplasmic tail (CT) of Env is required for the incorporation of Env onto HIV particles in T cells and macrophages. Here we identify the Rab11a-FIP1C/RCP protein as an essential cofactor for HIV-1 Env incorporation onto particles in relevant human cells. Depletion of FIP1C reduced Env incorporation in a cytoplasmic tail-dependent manner, and was rescued by replenishment of FIP1C. FIP1C was redistributed out of the endosomal recycling complex to the plasma membrane by wild type Env protein but not by CT-truncated Env. Rab14 was required for HIV-1 Env incorporation, and FIP1C mutants incapable of binding Rab14 failed to rescue Env incorporation. Expression of FIP1C and Rab14 led to an enhancement of Env incorporation, indicating that these trafficking factors are normally limiting for CT-dependent Env incorporation onto particles. These findings support a model for HIV-1 Env incorporation in which specific targeting to the particle assembly microdomain on the plasma membrane is mediated by FIP1C and Rab14.
Scaling diode-pumped Nd3+ and Yb3+-doped YCa4O(BO3)3 (YCOB) self-frequency doubling lasers

The development of didoe-pumped self-frequency doubling (SFD) YCA 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (YCOB) crystals doped with ND 3+ or YB 3+ ions offers an attractive alternative to traditional intra-cavity doubling techniques using a separate non-linear crystal. Here, we summarize the progress of scaling SFD lasers to higher powers. Moreover, we examine the potential and limitations of these devices. While SFD lasers are potentially more compact and less costly, scaling to higher powers in the visible region requires careful assessment of mode matching and cavity mode brightness. Combining optical gain and frequency conversion in the same material requires a compromise between the ideal cavity mode for mode matching and generating the largest available power density of the laser mode for optimum frequency doubling. The lack of adjustment of the cavity mode inherently limits scaling of SFD laser operation when using low brightness high power laser diodes. We have employed a new source developed by Polaroid Corp. using multiple high-brightness laser diodes to investigate the potential of increasing SFD laser output. We have then compared the efficiency of this novel pump technique to a single diode pumped system to determine the importance of brightness of the pump source to SFD operation.
A Comparison of the AC Breakdown Strength of New and Used Poly-α Olefin Oil to Transformer Oil

The breakdown performance of an advanced synthetic dielectric coolant, poly-α olefin, is compared to conventional transformer oil over a range of temperatures from 10 to 50 °C. The poly-α olefin oil is first benchmarked against conventional transformer oil, and then compared to poly-α olefin oil that has been exposed to a large number of high-energy discharges in order to establish the effects of oil age on performance. The results obtained from the standard ANSI D877 testing procedure are then compared to the results of a modified test procedure.
The structural relationships between 54,000-molecular-weight cellular tumor antigens detected in viral- and nonviral-transformed cells

Abstract SV40-transformed mouse cells and murine embryonal carcinoma cells contain a 54,000 MW cellular tumor antigen which was detected with antibodies from animals bearing SV40-induced tumors ( D. I. H. Linzer and A. J. Levine, 1979 , Cell , 17 , 43–52). An antigen with a similar molecular weight has been detected in a variety of transformed mouse cell lines employing an antisera raised against a chemically induced murine sarcoma ( A. B. DeLeo et al. , 1979 , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 76 , 2420–2424). To examine the structural relationships between these cellular tumor antigens, the 54,000 MW proteins from a variety of murine transformed cell lines have been analyzed by chromatography of the methionine-containing tryptic peptides derived from these proteins. The results of this analysis demonstrate: (1) SV40 tumor sera and a monoclonal antibody, directed against a cellular tumor antigen of a chemically transformed cell line, each immuno-precipitated the same 54,000 MW protein from SV40-transformed cells as shown by the fact that each protein had an identical peptide map. (2) The 54,000 MW proteins obtained from (a) murine embryonal carcinoma cells, (b) 3T12 cells, (c) chemically transformed cell lines, and (d) an in vitro translation of m-RNA from SV40-transformed cells, all had similar or identical peptide maps. The 54,000 MW proteins from all these sources had eight methionine-containing peptides in common with the 54,000 MW protein obtained after in vivo labeling of SV40-transformed cells in cell culture. However, the 54,000 MW protein derived from SV40-transformed cells labeled in vivo produced a variable number (3–5) of additional methionine-containing tryptic peptides not detected in the other cell lines or with the 54,000 MW protein translated in vitro . These additional peptides may be the result of a post-translational modification of the 54,000 MW protein that is specific to SV40-transformed cells. The results of these experiments demonstrate the structural similarity or identity of the cellular 54,000 MW tumor antigens derived from a variety of murine cell lines transformed by diverse agents.
Evidence for a discrete behavioral phenotype in the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of lowe

The oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) is an X-linked disorder characterized by congenital cataracts, cognitive impairment, and renal tubular dysfunction. Although there is a wide range of intellectual function in affected individuals, it is often compromised by a high prevalence of maladaptive behaviors, including tantrums, stubbornness, and stereotypy. Whether these behaviors simply reflect the multiple disabilities found in some developmentally impaired individuals with or without OCRL, or a specific genetically-determined behavioral phenotype of OCRL, is unknown. Controls were matched for sex, age, visual impairment, and adaptive functioning and compared with OCRL patients on three standardized measures of adaptive/maladaptive behaviors. Forty-three matched pairs of OCRL and control subjects were identified. Both groups were similar in communication, daily living, socialization, and motor skills, in socioeconomic status, and in measures of parental stress. Individuals with OCRL displayed significantly more severe maladaptive behaviors than control boys, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), with 41% of the difference between the two groups attributable to the diagnosis of OCRL. Twelve maladaptive behaviors measured on the VABS appeared more frequently in OCRL than in controls. Five of these 12 behaviors, i.e., temper tantrums, irritability, complex repetitive behaviors (stereotypy)/mannerisms, obsessions/unusual preoccupations, and negativism, were identifiedmore » by discriminant function analysis to significantly distinguish between controls and OCRL individuals. The diagnosis of OCRL is associated with a behavioral phenotype consisting of temper tantrums, stereotypy, stubbornness, and obsessions/unusual preoccupations. This phenotype cannot be attributed solely to the visual, motor, and intellectual disabilities characteristic of OCRL, and may represent a specific effect of the OCRL gene on the central nervous system. 57 refs., 5 tabs.« less
Disparities in the use of urgent health care services among asthmatic children.

Background Urgent care composes one third of the total costs associated with asthma. Asthmatic children of African American and Latino backgrounds have higher rates of emergency department (ED) use and hospitalizations than white children, especially in urban settings. Objectives To evaluate the role of socioeconomic, disease-related, and access-to-care factors in utilization of the ED and inpatient services for urgent treatment of asthma. Methods A parent-response questionnaire was systematically distributed in public elementary schools that serve children of different socioeconomic backgrounds in New York City. Results The prevalence of current asthma was found to be 13.0% in 5- to 12-year-old children. Almost half of the current asthmatic patients had used urgent care in the ED or hospital in the previous 12 months. In univariate analysis, use of urgent care was strongly associated with race/ethnicity and income ( P Conclusions There is a failure in asthma management in this urban population, demonstrated by the finding that almost half of all current asthmatic patients used urgent care. After controlling for different socioeconomic and disease-related factors, minority race/ethnicity, low household income, and frequent evening symptoms were found to be strong predictors of urgent care utilization. Insurance status, delaying care for any reason, and use of controller medications were found not to be associated with urgent care use.