cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role in flagellar rod assembly of the N-terminal domain of Salmonella FlgJ, a flagellum-specific muramidase.

The C-terminal half of the Salmonella flagellar protein FlgJ has peptidoglycan hydrolyzing activity and it has been suggested that it is a flagellum-specific muramidase which locally digests the peptidoglycan layer to permit assembly of the rod structure to proceed through the periplasmic space. It was also suggested that FlgJ might be involved in rod formation itself, although there was no direct evidence for this. We purified basal body structures from SJW1437(flgJ) transformed with plasmids encoding various mutant FlgJ proteins and found that these basal bodies possessed the periplasmic P ring but lacked the outer membrane L ring; they also lacked a hook at their distal end. All of these mutant FlgJ proteins had an altered or missing C-terminal domain but had at least the first 151 amino acid residues of the N-terminal domain. Immunoblotting analysis of fractionated cell extracts revealed that a rod/hook export class protein, FlgD, was exported to the periplasm but not to the culture supernatant in these mutants. FlgJ was shown to physically interact with several proteins, and especially FliE and FlgB, which are believed to reside at the cell-proximal end of the rod. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the N-terminal 151 amino acid residues of FlgJ are directly involved in rod formation and that the muramidase activity of FlgJ, though needed for formation of the L ring and subsequent events such as hook formation, is not essential for rod or P ring formation. In contrast, muramidase activity alone does not support rod assembly.
Outline of a training manual for desalination plant operators

Abstract A recommended content of material suggested for qualifying desalination plant operators with Interests In thermodialysis and membrane processes.
Extension of internet access to VANET via satellite receive-only terminals

The biggest challenge, to extend Internet connectivity to vehicular ad hoc networks VANETs, is the requirement of pervasive fully networked roadside infrastructure. This requirement is difficult to achieve especially during the initial deployment phase of vehicular networks and also in the areas where roadside infrastructure is scarce. This makes solutions that are solely dependent on roadside infrastructure impracticable. Other solutions using cellular networks or symmetric satellite communication are either expensive or do not provide sufficient bandwidth and also make the transition to mature VANET difficult during later stages. We present a solution that complements the existing ones without requiring a fully networked roadside infrastructure. The solution uses satellite receive-only terminals and very few widely spaced roadside units to provide pervasive Internet connectivity. The solution is cost effective, incremental and practical. We present several different design options that can be used according to a given environment.
Thickness - displacement relationships for deformation zones: Discussion

Commentaire et reponse concernant l'article de J. Hull (1988)―J. Struct. Geol., 10, 431-435
Sexual Orientation Disparities in Weight Status in Adolescence: Findings From a Prospective Study

A growing number of studies among adult women have documented disparities in overweight adversely affecting lesbian and bisexual women, but few studies have examined sexual orientation–related patterns in weight status among men or adolescents. We examined sexual orientation group trends in BMI (kg/m2), BMI Z-scores, and overweight using 56,990 observations from 13,785 adolescent females and males in the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), a large prospective cohort of US youth. Participants provided self-reported information from six waves of questionnaire data collection from 1998 to 2005. Gender-stratified linear regression models were used to estimate BMI and BMI Z-scores and modified Poisson regression models to estimate risk ratios for overweight, controlling for age and race/ethnicity, with heterosexuals as the referent group. Among females, we observed fairly consistently elevated BMI in all sexual orientation minority groups relative to heterosexual peers. In contrast, among males we documented a sexual-orientation-by-age interaction indicating steeper increases in BMI with age from early-to-late adolescence in heterosexuals relative to sexual orientation minorities. Additional prospective research is needed to understand the determinants of observed sexual orientation disparities and to inform appropriate preventive and treatment interventions. The long-term health consequences of overweight are well-documented and over time are likely to exact a high toll on populations with elevated rates.
Topological considerations in the generation of scroll waves in excitable and cyclical media

Abstract An attempt is made to understand in what manner, and to what extent, the notion of phase, useful in extended media exhibiting cyclical local dynamics, is applicable to the behavior of waves propagating in excitable media. Computer simulations of two situations are examined in each of the two types of media, and the results analyzed. One of these two situations involves a new scroll wave generation mechanism which produces two scroll waves rotating in the same direction. For the simulations conducted for this study, topological arguments involving the phase are relevant for excitable media, but application of the arguments requires careful consideration of the details of the dynamics. Several examples of these principles, as observed in the simulations, are described. One of these examples also leads to an additional observation—that crossing scroll wave filaments probably can not “reconnect” to form essentially parallel filaments in the case of FitzHugh-Nagumo dynamics.
Regulation of phagocyte function by low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins.

The mechanisms used by phagocytic leukocytes in the process of bacterial killing are regulated by GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily. In particular, the formation of toxic oxygen metabolites via the NADPH oxidase requires the action of both Rac and Rap1A proteins. Rac2 forms a third cytosolic component of the human neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Rac2 is active in its GTP-bound form, and requires post-translational processing (isoprenylation) in order to interact with regulatory proteins which stimulate the exchange of GTP for GDP. In the resting neutrophil, Rac is localized to the cytosol in the form of a complex with a GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) protein
In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in domestic animals: applications in animals and implications for humans.

Extensive research has been conducted in domestic animals, particularly in cattle, in the reproductive technologies of sperm handling, capacitation, and acrosome reaction, superovulation, and embryo handling, sexing, bisection, cryopreservation, and transfer. Because of the economic importance of cattle these technologies have been tested and improved under clinical conditions: The results of employing these procedures are available on tens of thousands of pregnancies and offspring. This information has implications in applying some of the same technologies in human reproduction. The large number of normal progeny produced in cattle after a long prenatal development period, similar to humans, provides some assurance that these technologies, carefully applied, are safe. The basis for these conclusions is documented in the publications cited in this review.
Cyberbabes: (Self-) representation of women and the virtual male gaze

Abstract I describe a series of encounters resulting from a World Wide Web hypertext project I created in a graduate course on electronic culture. Using these encounters as a frame, I discuss the implications of the operation of the mole gaze in the milieu of the Web, drawing on examples of “cyberbabe” Web sites. I point out ways that objectification of women on the Web is similar to and different from that in other media such as film and critique the sexism of male media theorists of Cyberspace. I investigate the way one Web site connected to my story. The Long Hair Site , exemplifies the complexity of gendered interactions on the Web relating my own attempts to intervene in my particular case of cybersexism and speculating about what constitutes resistance to such dynamics. I conclude that ending cybersexism would entail not only structural but psychological changes; males and females must examine the ways we are encouraged to participate in sexism and learn to make different choices. Throughout my analysis, I intersperse personal reflections and e-mail posts from men responding to my work on the Web with my theoretical examination of the virtual male gaze
Which fluorophore is brightest? A comparison of the staining obtained using fluorescein, tetramethylrhodamine, lissamine rhodamine, texas red, and cyanine 3.18

There are several red-emitting fluorophores available for immunofluorescence studies, including tetramethylrhodamine, lissamine rhodamine, Texas Red, and cyanine 3.18; however, it is unclear which of these is best. The present study compared the brightness of these fluorophores to that of fluorescein. Staining was attempted using a primary antibody raised against serotonin and a secondary antibody that was conjugated with either fluorescein or one of the red fluorophores. The intensity of staining was determined densitometrically. It was found that a conjugate of cyanine 3.18 provided significantly brighter staining that conjugates of any of the other fluorophores, including fluorescein. It is concluded that cyanine 3.18 should be useful for multicolor fluorescence experiments and that it may be the brightest fluorophore available for single-color fluorescence immunocytochemistry.
Schema processing, proportional selection, and the misallocation of trials in genetic algorithms

Abstract Traditional selection in genetic algorithms has relied on reproduction in proportion to observed fitness. There has been recent interest in assessing the result of proportional selection on schemata in the presence of random effects (e.g., noisy evaluation of solutions). The analysis presented here indicates, in contrast with previous literature, that the introduction of noise to the evaluation of solutions can change the expected sampling of schemata, even when the noise is zero mean. This effect is examined in a variety of settings. Unfortunately, this “misallocation of trials” can also result simply from random initialization of a population.
Very light neutron-rich nuclei studied via the (6Li, 8B) reaction☆

Abstract Results from investigations of the T z = 3 2 nuclei 5H, 7He and 9Li and of the T = 1 nuclide 4H employing the (6Li, 8B) reaction at 80 and 93 MeV are presented. In 9Li the locations of several low-lying Ip shell levels are indicated; in 7He and 4H the ground states are clearly observed. No evidence is found for the formation of a narrow 5H ground state.
A de novo approach to C-branched inositols: synthesis of a myo-inositol precursor for C-linked glycosyl phosphatidylinositols.

C-Linked glycosyl inositols are valuable structure-activity probes because of their greater hydrolytic stability and different conformational behavior compared with their parent O-glycosides. Simple C-branched inositols are synthetic precursors to these and other groups of inositol mimetics. Herein is described a de novo synthesis of C-branched inositols that contain a versatile ethenyl side chain for elaboration into more complex appendages. The approach centers on a stereoselective oxocarbenium ion–allylsilane cyclization and provides C-branched inositols with different stereochemical motifs. The synthesis of C-ethenyl-di-O-isopropylidene-myo-, neo-, epi-, and allo-inositols is discussed.
Managing polycystic ovary syndrome: what our patients are telling us.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience symptoms such as irregular menses, hirsutism, and acne, and are at heightened risk for developing obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, infertility, and some cancers. Data also indicate an inverse correlation between PCOS and health-related quality-of-life indicators and self-image. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of women with PCOS in the management of their disorder and the meaning of that experience for them. Design: This qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach based on the guidelines of Van Manen. Method: Individual, semistructured interviews were completed with 10 participants who were diagnosed with PCOS and managed by a health care practitioner(s) within the past 5 years. Data were analyzed using the process of hermeneutic phenomenological reflection. Findings: The four major themes that described women’s lived experience of managing PCOS were frustration, confusion, se...
Technical characteristics of the peabody individual achievement test as a function of item arrangement and basal and ceiling rules

The effects that item order and basal and ceiling rules have on test means, variances, and internal consistency estimates for the PIAT mathematics and reading recognition subtests were examined. Seven items on the math subtest and one item on the reading recognition subtest were significantly easier or harder than their test placement indicated. The use of basal and ceiling rules had a pronounced effect on the means, variances, and reliabilities on the multiple choice math subtest, while the rules' effects on the reading recognition subtests were minor. Item order also affected scores on the math subtest.
Biochemical, spectral and structural study of Olive Necrotic 8147 mutant of Zea mays L.

Summary Comparative study between Olive Necrotic (ON) 8147 mutant and normal Zea mays L. chloroplasts revealed that the mutant had: (1) a lowered ratio of pigments (chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids) to proteins, (2) a higher ratio of pigment system I to II (based on the ratios of Ch a to b , pigment system I to II emission at 298 and 77° K, and the variable to constant fluorescence), (3) a higher saturation rate of electron flow (dichlorophenol indophenol, DCPIP, Hill reaction (light reaction II) and methyl viologen reduction with reduced dichlorophenol indophenol in the presence of dichlorophenyl dimethylurea (light reaction I), (4) a smaller photosynthetic unit (based on the ratio of Chl to P700, the reaction center of system I), and (5) a preponderance of intergranal lamellae. The relationship of photochemical characteristics to ultrastructure is emphasized.
Lateral polysilicon p+–p–n+ and p+–n–n+ diodes

Abstract Lateral polysilicon p+–p–n+ and p+–n–n+ diodes are fabricated and their electrical characteristics, such as ON-resistance, ideality factor and reverse current, are studied as a function of the polysilicon microstructure, the type and amount of doping in the lightly doped region and the length of the lightly doped region. Increasing the polysilicon grain size reduces the ON-resistance. The ON-resistance decreases while the reverse current increases with an increase in the amount of doping in their lightly doped region. The ON-resistance is higher and the reverse current is lower in diodes having p-type lightly doped regions. With an increase in the length of the lightly doped regions, the ON-resistance increases, while the reverse current does not change. The ideality factor does not depend upon the length of the lightly doped region, type of doping in this region and the grain size of polysilicon. The experimental observations are explained using a combination of field enhanced emission and a formulation that considers the effect of the grain-boundary segregation of dopants.
Students' Self-Regulation for Interaction with Others in Online Learning Environments.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore variables explaining students' self-regulation (SR) for interaction with others, specifically peers and instructors, in online learning environments. A total of 407 students participated in the study. With hierarchical regression model (HRM), several variables were regressed on students' SR for interaction with others. These variables included demographic information, perceived importance of mastering content, perceived importance of interacting with the instructor, perceived importance of interacting with peers, and perceived instructor scaffolding for interaction. The results show that all the variables proposed above significantly explain 43% of the variance for SR for interaction with others. The combined variables show that instructors' scaffolding for interaction with others most significantly explains students' SR for interaction with others. Along with individual variables (e.g., perceived importance of mastering content), the results suggest that instructor scaffolding is critical for students' SR for interaction with others in online learning settings.
Symmetry-breaking mass scales and fermion mass relations in SU(8) grand unification

Possible symmetry-breaking patterns of Su(8) into SU/sub C/(3) x SU/sub L/(2) x U/sub Y/(1) and their mass scales, consistent with known values of ..cap alpha../sub 3/ and sin/sup 2/theta/sub W/, are examined and most are found to be nearly equivalent to direct breaking of SU(8) into SU/sub C/(3) x SU/sub L/(2) x U/sub Y/(1). However, there exist patterns in which the intermediate mass scales can be low or completely arbitrary. The method of maximal-subgroup chains is used to determine zeroth-order fermion mass relations. These are then renormalized to present energies. It is found that a three-step pattern which eliminates the desert inherent in the SU(5) model in the most interesting way also predicts fermion mass ratios consistent with experiment.
Dissimilation of 6-phosphogluconate by Azotobacter vinelandii.

Abstract A system for splitting 6-phosphogluconate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate at the rate of approximately 72 μmoles/h/46 mg enzyme protein has been demonstrated in extracts of Azotobacter vinelandii O. Part of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate formed appears to recycle through aldolase, fructose diphosphatase, and phosphohexoisomerase to G-6-P; the rest is converted into pyruvate through triose phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase. The ratio of conversion by these two pathways is limited by the level of triose phosphate dehydrogenase which is unknown in this organism. The use of simultaneous equations to determine the concentrations of trioses and hexoses in mixtures after reaction with anthrone reagent is proposed. Good confirmation of this method was obtained when it was checked with mixtures of these compounds in known concentrations.
Optimization of the maintenance process

A comprehensive preventive maintenance program minimizes equipment breakdowns and cuts operating costs, which in turn improves productivity.A mathematical definition of the maintenance process and criteria for its optimization is presented in two stages: (1) struc tural optimization of a maintenance process by selecting an ap propriate repair strategy and (2) parametrical optimization con sisting of choosing optimal (based on assumed criterion) times and scopes of repair actions. General classification of the repair strategies, their characteristics and results of simulation ex periments are presented.
One-dimensional polymerization of M2(OAc)4 (M = Cu, Rh) units using 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine: preparation and characterization of [Rh2(OAc)4(amp)]n and [Cu4(OAc)8(amp)2]n

Abstract Synthetic procedures are described for the preparation of polymeric complexes of the general formula [M2(OAc)4(amp)]n (M = Rh, Cu; amp = 2-(aminoethyl)pyridine). Reaction of Rh2(OAc)4(MeOH)2 (1) with one equivalent of amp in MeCN produces [Rh2(OAc)4(amp)]n·n/2MeCN (2·n/2MeCN) in good yield (73%). The dinuclear RhII carboxylate core remains intact and has a metal-metal distance of 2.410(1)A. The coordination sphere of Rh(1) is completed by a pyridine nitrogen atom of one amp ligand while the coordination sphere of Rh(2) is completed by the amine nitrogen atom of a second amp ligand. These amp groups then bridge to adjacent Rh4+2 units to give a one-dimensional polymer [Rh2(OAc)4(amp)]n. Hydrogen bonding is evident between the amp amine groups and the carboxylate oxygen atoms [N(25)⋯O(3) = 2.964 A]. The peak with the highest m/z value in the FAB mass spectrum of 2 from a chloroform/p-nitrobenzylalcohol matrix corresponds to the fragment [Rh2(OAc)4]3(amp)2. Reaction of Cu2(OAc)4(H2O)2 (3) with one equivalent of amp in MeCN, followed by recrystallization from EtOH/Et2O, produces crystals of [Cu4(OAc)8(amp)2]n. The structure of 4 consists of well-separated, one-dimensional polymeric chains composed of alternating [Cu2(OAc)4] and [Cu2(OAc)2(amp)2]2+ units which are linked by syn, anti bridging acetates. The [Cu2(OAc)4] units closely resemble the starting material, with the two copper centres bridged by four η1 : η1 : μ AcO− ligands over a metal-metal separation of 3.282(1) A. The axial coordination sites are occupied by an oxygen atom of the syn, anti bridging acetates. The [Cu2(OAc)2(amp)2]2+ units contain two monoatomically bridging acetate groups, with the coordination sphere of the metals completed by a chelating amp ligand and the second oxygen atom of the syn, anti bridging acetates. Hydrogen bonding between the amine group of the amp ligands and the mono-atomic bridging acetate groups is evident [N(22)⋯O(25) = 2.877 A].
Cooperativity Between CD8+ T Cells, Non-Neutralizing Antibodies, and Alveolar Macrophages Is Important for Heterosubtypic Influenza Virus Immunity

Seasonal epidemics of influenza virus result in ∼36,000 deaths annually in the United States. Current vaccines against influenza virus elicit an antibody response specific for the envelope glycoproteins. However, high mutation rates result in the emergence of new viral serotypes, which elude neutralization by preexisting antibodies. T lymphocytes have been reported to be capable of mediating heterosubtypic protection through recognition of internal, more conserved, influenza virus proteins. Here, we demonstrate using a recombinant influenza virus expressing the LCMV GP33-41 epitope that influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells and virus-specific non-neutralizing antibodies each are relatively ineffective at conferring heterosubtypic protective immunity alone. However, when combined virus-specific CD8 T cells and non-neutralizing antibodies cooperatively elicit robust protective immunity. This synergistic improvement in protective immunity is dependent, at least in part, on alveolar macrophages and/or other lung phagocytes. Overall, our studies suggest that an influenza vaccine capable of eliciting both CD8+ T cells and antibodies specific for highly conserved influenza proteins may be able to provide heterosubtypic protection in humans, and act as the basis for a potential “universal” vaccine.
Wave modes of the Io plasma torus

The corotating magnetospheric convection model is analyzed with the objective of deriving the fundamental wave modes present in the Io torus. The time-dependent equations of motion are linearized for the case of the absence of plasma mass and momentum sources. By separating the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling equation into two equations and by adopting a specific analytic form for the equilibrium plasma density, a cubic equation is derived for the dispersion relation defining the angular frequencies of the fundamental wave modes. A detailed analysis of the dispersion relation yields three fundamental wave modes. One of the modes is identified as the previously studied inertial interchange (unstable) mode, while the other two are newly derived decaying modes. The results obtained are discussed in the context of plasma transport in the Io torus.
Estimation of parameters of a polynomial model under intra class correlation structure for incomplete longitudinal data

The problem of analyzing and modeling incomplete longitudinal data arising from clinical and epidemiological studies are discussed, A method for handling arbitrarily missing observations under the intra class correlation structure and a polynomial model is developed. Explicit expressions for likelihood equations and information matrix for a second degree polynomial model are provided. The method is illustrated through an example.
Interventions in the therapy of electromechanical dissociation

Abstract Electromechanical dissociation (EMD) is a major arrest rhythm for which there is often inadequate treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions considered in the treatment of EMD. During the 6-year period, January 1st, 1980 to December 31st, 1985, 503 evaluable adult patients presented in a non-traumatic, non-poisoning cardiopulmonary arrest with the initial rhythm of EMD. One hundred nineteen patients obtained a pulse during resuscitation efforts following drug administration. The average time to obtaining pulses after the last drug administration was 1.97 ± 2.21 min. The following drugs were last administered prior to transient pulses: bicarbonate, 31 119 (26%); epinephrine, 26 119 (22%); atropine, 26 119 (22%); dopamine, 13 119 (11%); calcium, 11 119 (9%); isoproterenol, 7 119 (6%); other drugs, 5 119 (4%). Ninety-five percent of the successful resuscitations received eight or less drug interventions and all saves received three or less drug interventions. Two hundred twenty-four patients (44.5%) had 288 non-pharmacological interventions. Twenty-three patients developed a pulse after intervention in the following distribution: MAST suit (N = 9), pericardiocentesis (N = 6), fluid challenge (N = 5), needle thoracostomy (N = 1), and intervention combinations (N = 2). The time interval between intervention and the onset of pulse was as follows: MAST suit, 4 ± 2.8 min; pericardiocentesis, 3.7 ± 3.6 min; fluid challenge, 4.8 ± 4.1 min; needle thoracostomy, 6 min. The overall save rate for intervention patients was 0.9% whereas for those not having intervention it was 7.2% (P ⩽ 0.0003). In conclusion, the apparent association of atropine with the attainment of a pulse suggests that this drug ought to be considered as a therapy for EMD and that the use of non-pharmacological interventions are not associated with any improvement in survival.
Tropical cooling and the onset of North American glaciation

Abstract. We offer a test of the idea that gradual cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific led to cooling of North America and the initiation of glaciation ~3 Myr ago. Using modern climate data we estimate how warming of the eastern tropical Pacific affects North American temperature and ice-ablation. Assuming that the modern relationship holds over the past millions of years, a ~4°C warmer eastern tropical Pacific between 3–5 Ma would increase ablation in northern North America by approximately two meters per year. By comparison, a similar estimate of the ablation response to variations in Earth's obliquity gives less than half the magnitude of the tropically-induced change. Considering that variations in Earth's obliquity appear sufficient to initiate glaciations between ~1–3 Ma, we infer that the warmer eastern equatorial Pacific prior to 3 Ma suffices to preclude glaciation.
Coffee with Ribohipster.

Back in '95, things were different, not like they are now. To help me recall the last two decades, I went out for coffee with a local Santa Cruz eccentric known as Ribohipster. He has a decided preference for artisanal science in an era of corporatized big government projects. Not one to consort with consortia, he resists the idea of trading a solid finding brought forth with one's own hands for a wheelbarrow of government-purchased, industrially manufactured datinos (103 datinos = one piece of data). He is wary of giving up too much of the art. I can see that his nostalgic fondness for vintage RNA research is going to color these reflections.
Aortic Mural Thrombus Presenting as Pseudovasculitis

Three months after splenic infarct, a 50-year-old woman underwent arteriography for persistent low-grade fever and abdominal complaints. After 5 months of corticosteroid therapy for "polyarteritis nodosa," another arteriogram confirmed embolic disease; transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a pedunculated mobile thrombus in the aortic arch. We suggest this represents "pseudovasculitis" from an aortic thrombus.
Developing effective professional development programs: a case study

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the practices of a well-established professional development committee (PDC) at an academic library to reveal the development of effective professional development programs with various themes and the diversified delivering formats and the assessment of library employees’ training needs and the effectiveness of professional development programs with Needs Assessment Surveys and Program Follow-up Employee Opinion Surveys. Professional development programs are widely adopted in academic libraries to support the professional growth of library employees and improve the quality of library services. Developing, promoting and administering professional development programs are main responsibilities of the PDC. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based upon the PDC’s recent practices since 2011. The Needs Assessment Surveys (in 2012 and 2013) are conducted electronically, so are the Opinion Surveys since 2013 which are formerly conducted in paper. Findings – The wel...
Extracting procedural knowledge from software systems using inductive learning in the PM system

The issue of software reuse has been found to be a much harder task than previously thought. Some of the problems are due to the lack of emphasis placed on non-functional requirements during the software development phase, such as maintainability and understandability. Other problems arise from the difficulty of defining precise criteria for considering a software module reusable. They are usually elusive, and vary dramatically from one domain to another. This paper presents PM, a software system the goal of which is the automation of the software reuse process. PM uses an incremental approach in performing analysis and storage of software modules, at different levels of granularity. Its fundamental characteristics are domain independence and flexibility, accomplished applying inductive learning techniques and analyzing reusable and nonreusable code examples. >
Can Mixed‐Income Housing Ameliorate Concentrated Poverty? The Significance of a Geographically Informed Sense of Community

Since the 1990s, public policymakers have renewed support for mixed-income housing development in low-income neighborhoods as a means toward neighborhood revitalization and poverty amelioration. Research to date finds that, while mixed-income developments in lower-income neighborhoods have promoted area revitalization, they have accomplished less for people in these areas who live in poverty. This article focuses on mixed-income projects that seek to de-concentrate poverty in impoverished, urban neighborhoods. It finds that, because these efforts are largely market-based approaches, they have paid less direct attention to the needs of lower-income residents. While this shortcoming may be attributed to structural barriers that prevent developers, housing authorities, and service providers from implementing effective practices, resource limitations can be offset by strong community-based participation. Drawing on this conclusion, it is suggested that community empowerment strategies should be implemented in tandem with mixed-income approaches in order to achieve positive outcomes for lower-income residents, but that reliance on place-based community will unlikely create the necessary conditions to improve the wealth and everyday quality of life issues that poor people face in a predominantly market-based economy.
Tropical Glacier and Ice Core Evidence of Climate Change on Annual to Millennial Time Scales

This paper examines the potential of the stable isotopic ratios, 18O/16O (δ 18Oice)and 2H/1H (δ Dice), preserved in mid to low latitude glaciers as a toolfor paleoclimate reconstruction. Ice cores are particularly valuable as they contain additional data, such as dust concentrations, aerosol chemistry, and accumulation rates, that can be combined with the isotopic information to assist with inferences about the regional climate conditions prevailing at the time of deposition. We use a collection of multi-proxy ice core histories to explore the δ 18O-climate relationship over the last 25,000 years that includes both Late Glacial Stage (LGS) and Holocene climate conditions. These results suggest that on centennial to millennial time scales atmospheric temperature is the principal control on the δ 18Oice of the snowfall that sustains these high mountainice fields.Decadally averaged δ 18Oice records from threeAndean and three Tibetan ice cores are composited to produce a low latitude δ 18Oice history for the last millennium. Comparison ofthis ice core composite with the Northern Hemisphere proxy record (1000–2000A.D.) reconstructed by Mann et al. (1999) and measured temperatures(1856–2000) reported by Jones et al. (1999) suggests the ice cores have captured the decadal scale variability in the global temperature trends. These ice cores show a 20th century isotopic enrichment that suggests a large scale warming is underway at low latitudes. The rate of this isotopically inferred warming is amplified at higher elevations over the Tibetan Plateau while amplification in the Andes is latitude dependent with enrichment (warming) increasing equatorward. In concert with this apparent warming, in situobservations reveal that tropical glaciers are currently disappearing. A brief overview of the loss of these tropical data archives over the last 30 years is presented along with evaluation of recent changes in mean δ18Oice composition. The isotopic composition of precipitation should be viewed not only as a powerful proxy indicator of climate change, but also as an additional parameter to aid our understanding of the linkages between changes in the hydrologic cycle and global climate.
RNA string kernels for RNAi off-target evaluation

RNA interference (RNAi) is a posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism used to study gene functions, knock down viral genes, and treat diseases therapeutically. However, an 'off-target effect' deteriorates its specificity and applicability. Complete off-target effects can only be characterised by examining each gene in a genome, which is too expensive to conduct experimentally and motivates a computational study. To simulate the sequence matching between an siRNA and its target mRNA allowing for mismatches, G-U wobbles and bulges, we propose string kernels and develop their efficient implementations for off-target detection. We evaluate RNAi specificities in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabdithis elegans, and human genomes.
SEROTONIN-TYPE 3 RECEPTORS MEDIATE INTESTINAL POLYCOSE- AND GLUCOSE- INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF INTAKE

Ondansetron, a selective serotonin-type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, was used to test the hypothesis that duodenal infusion of isosmotic solutions of Polycose or its hydrolytic product glucose su...
School Environments as Behavior Settings.

(1979). School environments as behavior settings. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 18, The Complex Classrooms: A Research Focus, pp. 145-151.
Feasibility and reliability of remote assessment of PALS psychomotor skills via interactive videoconferencing.

Abstract Aim This study determined inter-rater agreement between skill assessments provided by on-site PALS evaluators with ratings from evaluators at a remote site viewing the same skill performance over a videoconferencing network. Judgments about feasibility of remote evaluation were also obtained from the evaluators and PALS course participants. Methods Two remote and two on-site instructors independently rated performance of 27 course participants who performed cardiac and shock/respiratory emergency core cases. Inter-rater reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Feasibility was assessed with surveys of evaluators and course participants. Core cases were under the direction of the remote evaluators. Results The ICC for overall agreement on pass/fail decisions was 0.997 for the cardiac cases and 0.998 for the shock/respiratory cases. Perfect agreement was reached on 52 of 54 pass/fail decisions. Across all evaluators, all core cases, and all participants, 2584 ratings of individual skill criteria were provided, of which 21 (0.8%) were ratings in which a single evaluator disagreed with the other three evaluators. No trends emerged for location of the disagreeing evaluator. Survey responses indicated that remote evaluation was acceptable and feasible to course participants and to the evaluators. Conclusions Videoconferencing technology was shown to provide adequate spatial and temporal resolution for PALS evaluators at-a-distance from course participants to agree with ratings of on-site evaluators.
Alteration of Lower Esophageal Sphincter Characteristics with Respiration and Proximal Esophageal Balloon Distention

By using the manometric recording catheter as both a measuring stick and a pressure detecting device, the location, length, and magnitude of the lower esophageal high pressure zone (HPZ) were studied in healthy human subjects. The HPZ was found to be located 1 to 3 cm more distal at end-inspiration than at end-expiration. In both phases of respiration the mean length (3 cm) and magnitude (22 mm Hg) of the resting HPZ were similar. An upward movement of the HPZ followed distention of the proximal esophagus by a balloon, accompanied by a 40% shortening of the HPZ and a 65% decrease in its magnitude. Whereas the movement of a sphincter segment relative to the recording orifice during the respiratory cycle can explain the pressure fluctuations within the resting HPZ, a combination of positional change and diminished sphincter tone best explains the fall in pressure within the HPZ after balloon distention and, probably, after swallowing. In addition, it is possible that sphincter length, as well as sphincter magnitude, is an important determinant of sphincter competence.
Finding Quantitative Trait Loci Genes

The goal of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is to identify genes underlying an observed trait in the genome using genetic markers. In experimental organisms, the QTL mapping experiment usually involves crossing two inbred lines with substantial differences in a trait, and then scoring the trait in the segregating progeny. A series of markers along the genome is genotyped in the segregating progeny, and associations between the trait and the QTL can be evaluated using the marker information. Of primary interest are the positions and effect sizes of QTL genes.
Understanding differences in crime reporting practices: a comparative approach

ABSTRACTDespite a large body of literature detailing crime reporting practices, scant research examines the correlates of the crime reporting decision in developing nations with newer democracies, newer economies, or developing economies. Using a sample of 23 nations from the 2000 International Crime Victimization Survey (ICVS), this study tests the generalizability of correlates of robbery and assault reports to the police in a non-US sample to determine whether there are national differences in reporting practices. Based on this analysis emphasizing the developing world and countries in transition, an expanded model, integrating incident, demographic, police-related, and national variables, is developed that will enhance our understanding of differences in reporting practices in developing and developed nations. Results identified both similarities and differences in crime reporting practices between developed and developing nations. Although the findings reinforce the importance of incident and demogra...
What You Don’t Look For, You Won’t Find: A Commentary on Card and Giuliano’s Examination of Universal Screening

Card and Giuliano’s National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) working paper on universal screening is discussed. This commentary provides a brief summary and critique of the article, proposes an ...
Fusinus anni (Gastropoda: Fasciolariidae), A new Species from Southeastern Australia

Abstract A new species is described from southeastern Australia. The shell, operculum and radula are described.
Health surveillance results of an enterprise workers

[Objective]To understand the health status of occupational hazards exposed group,and provide evidence and proposals for occupational disease prevention of this group.[Methods]According to the occupational health surveillance technical specification GBZ 188-2007,374 employees with welding fumes and noise exposure were examined.[Results]The health examination of 374 workers showed that 74 workers(19.79%) had no obvious abnormalities.One hundred and twelve workers with welding fumes exposure were examined,7(6.25%) had abnormal chest radiograph.Three hundred and fourteen workers with noise exposure were examined,with 113(35.99%) of abnormal electrical audiometry.[Conclusion]The occupational hazards in this enterprise has damaged the health of employees,and the enterprise should take effective prevention measures to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.
Analysis of Legionella pollution in cool circulating water of air-conditioning in Foshan public places

Objective: To understand the centralized air-conditioning ventilation system of Legionella pollution and other serotypes distribution in part of the public places,and provide a basis for the Legionella disease control and prevention.Methods:Collect shopping in our city(supermarkets),hotels and stadiums a total of 30 public places in the centralized air-conditioning Circulating use of the cooling water and condensate a total of 106 copies,respectively investigate Legionella etiology of the samples.Results:54 were found Legionella in the 106 water samples,the positive rate of 50.94%(54/106) and 62 were isolated Legionella,and a water sample at the same time with the detection of two different serotypes account for the detection of Legionella in water samples 14.81%(8/54),with Legionella pneumophila 1(LP1) dominated,accounting for 58.06%(36/62).Conclusion:Centralized air-conditioning ventilation systems Legionella of part public places in the city are serious polluted,and pose the crowd health a potential danger,so the sanitation monitoring should be stepped up in public places centralized air-conditioning ventilation system.
Robust speech recognition using temporal masking and thresholding algorithm

In this paper, we present a new dereverberation algorithm called Temporal Masking and Thresholding (TMT) to enhance the temporal spectra of spectral features for robust speech recognition in reverberant environments. This algorithm is motivated by the precedence effect and temporal masking of human auditory perception. This work is an improvement of our previous dereverberation work called Suppression of Slowlyvarying components and the falling edge of the power envelope (SSF). The TMT algorithm uses a different mathematical model to characterize temporal masking and thresholding compared to the model that had been used to characterize the SSF algorithm. Specifically, the nonlinear highpass filtering used in the SSF algorithm has been replaced by a masking mechanism based on a combination of peak detection and dynamic thresholding. Speech recognition results show that the TMT algorithm provides superior recognition accuracy compared to other algorithms such as LTLSS, VTS, or SSF in reverberant environments.
Grab-bagging in Gravity's Rainbow : Incidental (Further) Notes and Sources

In spite of Douglas Fowler, Steven Weisenburger, and others' painstaking efforts to unearth layer upon layer of textual fossils, Gravity's Rainbow as postmodern "tale of the tribe" and inexhaustible "grab-bag" of cultural allusions (to borrow from Pound) is still worth foraging in. If, with Robert Scholes in Textual Power (New Haven: Yale UP, 1985), we hold that "reading is actually based upon a knowledge of the codes that were operative in the composition of any given text and the historical situation in which it was composed" (21), Pynchon's novel has not yet been "read" in its entirety. This total readerly reconstruction of any text may very well be a futile and impossible undertaking, and, like Stencil in V. and Slothrop in Gravity's Rainbow, we may all be on a fool's errand. But then, textual exegesis is also one way of finding and ordering the scattered pieces of our own cultural identity and history. Needless to say, it is fun too, and maybe even a scholarly form of "mindless pleasure." (Page references below are to the Viking/Penguin edition of Gravity's Rainbow .)
Basal cell carcinoma with hyaline inclusions

A 67-year-old woman had a basal cell carcinoma of the forehead containing numerous hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. Electron microscopic studies revealed that these inclusions were aggregates of cytoplasmic filaments. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated reactivity for keratin, vimentin, and smooth-muscle myosin in these structures. Because of potential diagnostic difficulties, the pathologist should be aware of this unusual form of basal cell carcinoma.
Why do patients refuse HIV testing in the emergency department? Perspectives from a qualitative study

ABSTRACTDespite support for routine testing in all health care settings, including emergency departments (EDs), there are challenges to implementing ED-based HIV testing and high refusal rates. We conducted qualitative interviews to examine reasons for refusal with 30 testing refusers in the ED of a safety net hospital. Key themes included: routine testing is positive, importance of privacy and respectful approach, ED atmosphere and environment discourage testing acceptance, importance of HIV counseling, desire to see an MD before testing staff, and who should offer testing. Results provide useful information for programs and policies of routine ED-based HIV testing to encourage testing uptake.
Purchase Motivation as a Function of Self-Congruity and Functional Congruity: a Structural-Causal Analysis

This paper develops and tests a model of purchase motivation. The model asserts that purchase motivation can be predicted by self-congruity and functional congruity. Self-congruity is hypothesized to be mostly determined by value-expressiveness. Functional congruity, on the other hand, is hypothesized to be mostly determined by product utilitarianism.
The crown joules: Resource peaks and monetary hegemony

Global energy and monetary systems appear to be deeply linked. Whereas mainstream economics focuses on the exchange aspects of the energy trade over the more structural aspects, the biophysical view of ecological economics and the historical economic thought exemplified by William Jevons help explain why monetary hegemony has correlated with large energy surpluses in the past. When such surpluses begin to decline, dramatic changes in monetary and financial systems often ensue—as was the case in the twentieth-century United Kingdom and United States and, I argue, as is the case in twenty-first-century China. Considering energy and finance as linked systems allows us to more clearly understand the contemporary global economic and climate impasse—and to include China's monetary role in the new century as part of a larger solution.
MR imaging of atypical fibroids

Leiomyomas are the most common neoplasm found in the uterus and can present with a variety of symptoms or be entirely asymptomatic. Most often, the characteristic imaging appearance of leiomyoma does not pose a diagnostic dilemma. However, leiomyomas can demonstrate atypical imaging features that may be confusing. It is essential for the radiologist to be aware of both the typical and atypical findings to better assist the referring clinician with diagnosis and management decisions. Additionally, as uterine-sparing treatment alternatives with locoregional therapies become more popular, it is important to be aware of pre- and post-procedural imaging questions that may be encountered. Lastly, when atypical features are seen, it is important to understand the characteristics that may suggest a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. The goal of this study is to review imaging features of atypical leiomyoma with case-based examples.