cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Bioassays of Vegetable Oils as Kairomonal Phagostimulants for Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Vegetable oils have kairomonal attractant properties to grasshoppers primarily due to the presence of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. These fatty acids are dietary essentials for grasshoppers and, once volatilized, can be detected by the insects’ olfactory receptors. A laboratory bioassay method has been developed to identify vegetable oils that have fatty acid profiles similar to grasshoppers and that induce grasshopper attraction and feeding. Such oils could be useful kairomonal adjuvants and/or carriers for acridicide formulations. Three sets of laboratory bioassays demonstrated that the addition of a standard aliquot of different vegetable oils resulted in varying degrees of grasshopper feeding on otherwise neutral substrates. Addition of olive oil stimulated the greatest feeding in all three sets of assays, regardless of the age of the tested insects. Furthermore, addition of canola or flax oils markedly enhanced grasshopper feeding. These three oils—i.e., olive, canola, and flax oil—proved to be the best performing grasshopper stimulants. A second group of oils included rapeseed-flax mix and rapeseed oils; however, their performance was not as consistent as oils in the first group—especially with regard to nymphal feeding. A third group of oils consisted of soybean, corn, peanut, and sunflower oil. Theoretical expectations regarding these oils varied wildly, suggesting that the results of a single bioassay should be cautiously interpreted as being negative.
Prosthetic treatment after surgical removal of the maxilla and floor of the orbit

Abstract This article describes a practical and logical method for the management of a patient sustaining considerable tissue and functional loss resulting from tumor surgery of the head. These organized steps for advancing the patient to full rehabilitation are designed so that at no one time is the patient required to accept too much of a burden concerning prosthetic adjustment.
Interposition flaps in transabdominal vesicovaginal fistula repairs: are they really necessary?

Abstract Objectives. To evaluate the use of interposition flaps in repairing vesicovaginal fistulas (VVFs) of benign and malignant etiologies. Interposition flaps are not routinely used in the repair of VVFs when the surrounding tissues appear healthy and well-vascularized, such as in a benign etiology. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 37 women (mean age 49.1 years) at our institution who underwent transabdominal repair of their VVF by urologic surgeons between August 1978 and June 1999. The preoperative and postoperative medical records were reviewed. Results. Of the 37 VVFs repaired transabdominally, 29 had a benign etiology (25 related to gynecologic procedures) and 8 a malignant etiology (all related to gynecologic neoplasia). Of the 29 benign VVFs, an interposition flap was used in 10 repairs with all 10 successful (100%). The remaining 19 benign VVF repairs were performed without using a flap, with 12 successful (63%). Of the 8 malignant fistulas, an interposition flap was used in 2 repairs with both successful (100%). The remaining 6 malignant VVF repairs were performed without a flap, with 4 successful (67%). Conclusions. The results of our study indicate a higher success rate for transabdominal VVF repairs performed with an interposition flap (100% success rate at our institution). This observation holds true regardless of the appearance of healthy surrounding tissue or, more importantly, a benign or malignant etiology. We recommend interposition flaps in transabdominal repairs of VVFs, even in the cases of benign fistulas with well-preserved surrounding tissue.
Wastewater Biofilters Used for Advanced Treatment of Papermill Effluent

The application of tertiary biofilters -- submersed aerated upflow filmreactors -- can be classified as follows: 1. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD below 25 mg/l; 2. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD between 20 and 50 mg/l; 3. treatment of biologically treated wastewater with BOD below 30 mg/l followed by partial oxidation with ozone, resulting in BOD of up to 80 mg/l. These three types have to be discussed seperately. Conditions in these plants are quite different from the well-known secondary biofilters following chemical-mechanical pretreatment. The differences have to be regarded in design and operation of the plants. Several questions still have to be evaluated. Based on operational experience about details of microbiota, biofilm growth and attachment, treatment efficiency and stability of elimination, virtual independence of COD elimination from BOD elimination, retention of suspended solids, criteria for design and operation of these plants are discussed. Biofilters following the ozonation plants after biological treatment are quite different to operate. Special points of view to be taken into account at this are: no entry of microorganisms, possible ozone influences, inert solids produced in ozonation (mainly oxalate). These items are discussed based on experimental results.
Development of Attachment in Romantic Relationship of Young Adults with Different Love Styles

This study reconstructed the participants’ retrospective experience of how attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety developed during the course of romantic relationships in young adults. Participants (290 undergraduate students) recalled their stories of love relationships that occurred approximately between the ages of 15and19. The feelings of avoidance and anxiety, which were experienced as a result of the events that occurred throughout the relationships, were analyzed. The general dynamics of these dimensions as well as the patterns that are typical for different love styles were discovered. The application of methodology to analysis of individual change in romantic attachment during relationship is demonstrated.
Cache designs for energy efficiency

Caches usually consume a significant amount of energy in modern microprocessors (e.g. superpipelined or superscalar processors). In this paper, we examine contemporary cache design techniques and provide an analytical model for estimating cache energy consumption. We also present several novel techniques for designing energy-efficient caches, which include block buffering, cache sub-banking, and Gray code addressing. Experimental results suggest that both the block buffering and Gray code addressing techniques are ideal for instruction cache designs which tend to be accessed in a consecutive sequence. Cache sub-banking is ideal for both instruction and data caches. Overall, these techniques can achieve an order of magnitude energy reduction on caches. >
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu-doped ZnO Film in Nanowire like Morphology Using Low Temperature Self-Catalytic Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Method

Cu-doped ZnO film in nanowire structure is synthesized by a closed space flux sublimation and periodic oxidation method at ∼300°C over Si substrate. Oxidative process controlled selfcatalytic VLS mechanism is proposed for the film growth. X-ray diffraction pattern establishes that Cu-doped ZnO nanowires retain the crystallite structure of the wurtzite ZnO. TEM studies indicate single crystal character of the Cu-doped ZnO nanowires. Optical absorption analysis of Cu-doped ZnO nanowires defines two direct energy band gaps. The low energy band gap at 3.2eV is intrinsic to the Cu-doped ZnO material. The higher energy band gap at 3.5eV is attributed to the nanosize, mediated by strong forward scattering of light from the nanowires. Sharp photoluminescence in Cu-doped ZnO corresponding to near bandgap free exciton emission is observed and a redshift of ∼0.07 eV is consistent with the effect of Cu-doping. The visible emission band in both ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO shows a broad green emission band with Cu-substitution shifting the maximum visible luminescence towards the higher energy side.
Performance analysis for indoor location determination

This work analyses theoretical localisation limits and proposes a precision bound to evaluate the performance of indoor systems under various configuration settings and environmental dynamics. By deploying a set of localisation systems in two different buildings, this study showed that database-based indoor systems perform slightly better than distance-based systems, and while it appears difficult to interpret the relationship between localisation performance and various environmental or configuration factors, the achievable precision of a localisation system for a given building is bounded and predictable. Thus this research provides a single standard criterion for the evaluation of various location determination systems.
Thermo-optical spectroscopy of low temperature solids

Abstract A discussion of an experimental procedure for determining the absorption spectra of low temperature solids by thermo-optical spectroscopy is presented. The method may be extended to the direct measurement in low temperature solids of radiationless relaxation dynamics. The development of a suitable detector utilizing thin films of semiconducting germanium in an amorphous state is discussed. Performance data for the detector are presented and the results of some measurements on crystalline samples of biacetyl and several inorganic semiconductors are illustrated and briefly discussed.
A collaborative environment for independent verification and validation of software

The collaborative approach to product development is becoming increasingly recognized as a key to improve the productivity of the participating team members. However, in practice, its realization is hindered by the lack of computing environments to support collaborative work. The set of basic transactions needed in a collaborative setting consists of a variety of activities: look up, communicate, compute, decide, negotiate, and archive. We discuss a generic architecture for a collaborative environment. We discuss the application of the same generic architecture to the software domain: to develop an environment for independent verification and validation (IV&V) of software. The benefits of the collaborative approach are: early diagnosis of problems, improvement in efficiency and team performance, and consequently cost savings. This will be especially beneficial for IV&V of large software systems. We illustrate the collaborative environment using an example of a software that performs set operations on polygons. >
Lazy training: improving backpropagation learning through network interaction

Backpropagation, similar to most high-order learning algorithms, is prone to overfitting. We address this issue by introducing interactive training (IT), a logical extension to backpropagation training that employs interaction among multiple networks. This method is based on the theory that centralized control is more effective for learning in deep problem spaces in a multi-agent paradigm. IT methods allow networks to work together to form more complex systems while not restraining their individual ability to specialize. Lazy training, an implementation of IT that minimizes misclassification error, is presented. Lazy training discourages overfitting and is conducive to higher accuracy in multiclass problems than standard backpropagation. Experiments on a large, real world OCR data set have shown interactive training to significantly increase generalization accuracy, from 97.86% to 99.11%. These results are supported by theoretical and conceptual extensions from algorithmic to interactive training models.
A VECTOR MATRIX REAL TIME RECURSIVE BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM FOR RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS THAT APPROXIMATE MULTI-VALUED PERIODIC FUNCTIONS

Unlike feedforward neural networks (FFNN) which can act as universal function approximators, recursive, or recurrent, neural networks can act as universal approximators for multi-valued functions. In this paper, a real time recursive backpropagation (RTRBP) algorithm in a vector matrix form is developed for a two-layer globally recursive neural network that has multiple delays in its feedback path. This algorithm has been evaluated on two GRNNs that approximate both an analytic and nonanalytic periodic multi-valued function that a feedforward neural network is not capable of approximating.
Neuroticism and self-esteem as indices of the vulnerability to major depression in women.

Background. Neuroticism and self-esteem, two commonly used personality constructs, are thought to reflect a person's underlying vulnerability to major depression. The relative strength of these predictors is not known. Method. Information was gathered on 2163 individual women from an epidemiological sample of female–female twin pairs. Neuroticism was assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and global self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Major depression (DSM-III-R criteria) and stressful life events were also assessed. The personality constructs were studied in relation to major depression by logistic regression and structural equation modelling. Results. Both cross-sectionally and prospectively, examined individually, neuroticism was a stronger predictor of risk for major depression than was self-esteem. When examined together, the predictive power of neuroticism remained substantial, while that of self-esteem largely disappeared. The same pattern of findings was obtained when a subset of subjects who had recently experienced stressful life events was analysed. By trivariate twin modelling, we found that the covariation of self-esteem, neuroticism and major depression was due largely to genetic factors. When self-esteem was the ‘upstream’ variable, a substantial genetic correlation remained between neuroticism and major depression. By contrast, when neuroticism was the ‘upstream’ variable, the genetic correlation between self-esteem and major depression disappeared. Conclusions. The personality construct of neuroticism is a substantially better index of a woman's underlying vulnerability to major depression than is self-esteem. These findings suggest that overall emotionality or emotional reactivity to the environment reflects risk for depression better than does global self-concept.
Plenary Lecture 1 Dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity

Obesity is a rapidly-growing public health problem that is related in part to the foods available in the eating environment. Properties of foods such as portion size and energy density (kJ/g) have robust effects on energy intake; large portions of energy-dense foods promote excess consumption and this effect starts in early childhood. Studies show, however, that in both adults and children these food characteristics can also be used strategically to moderate energy intake, as well as to improve diet quality. Dietary energy density can be reduced by increasing intake of water-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits. Their high water content allows individuals to eat satisfying portions of food while decreasing energy intake. Filling up at the start of a meal with vegetables or fruit and increasing the proportion of vegetables in a main course have been found to control hunger and moderate energy intake. Data from several clinical trials have also demonstrated that reducing dietary energy density by the addition of water-rich foods is associated with substantial weight loss even though participants eat greater amounts of food. Population-based assessments indicate that beginning in childhood there is a relationship between consuming large portions of energy-dense foods and obesity. These data suggest that the promotion of diets that are reduced in energy density should be an important component of future efforts to both prevent and treat obesity.
Synthesis of stabilizing anti-windup controllers using piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions

We consider the problem of multivariable anti-windup bumpless transfer (AWBT) controller synthesis based on the general AWBT framework presented by Kothare et al. (1994). Specifically, we propose a method for synthesizing AWBT compensators which stabilize linear time-invariant systems subject to saturating actuators. Our synthesis approach takes advantage of the fact that the AWBT system is a piecewise affine system and thus, we can utilize piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function theory to determine a stabilizing control law. The synthesis problem is solved via iteration between a set of linear matrix inequalities. The utility of the approach is demonstrated on a simple example where our method is shown to be less conservative.
Local-scale and regional climate controls on historical fire regimes in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Abstract In ponderosa pine and mixed conifer ecosystems of the Southwestern US, regional-scale climate tends to synchronize fire years among study sites and increase fire extent or severity within a forest. At landscape scales (1–100 km2), fire frequency and severity may also be influenced by local-scale differences in elevation and aspect, including fire barriers in rugged terrain. This study examines local-scale and regional controls of past fire regimes in three tributary watersheds of the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. In each watershed, we sampled fire-scarred trees and tree age structure and identified fire years and cohorts of post-fire tree recruitment. Fire frequency varied by aspect, and we observed the largest differences between the north- and south-facing aspects in the two largest basins. Fire severity was also different by aspect, with low-severity fire regimes on south-facing slopes and mixed-severity fire on north-facing slopes. The majority of fire years were unique, single-basin fires, indicating a lack of synchrony of fire years among basins, which we attributed to fire barriers and rugged terrain. We conducted Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) on two groups of fire years, to show average climate conditions before and during fire years. The first group were unique single-basin fires (n = 27) and the second group included all years when synchronous fire burned in two or three basins (n = 15). Both groups had significantly dry Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) values during the fire year (p
Letter to the Editor: Statistical Issues of QT Prolongation Assessment Based on Linear Concentration Modeling by Yi Tsong et al.

The recent article by Tsong et al. (2008) presents an interesting criticism on QTc prolongation assessment based on a concentration–QTc modeling approach. For simplicity, we will use CQTc as the ac...
Role of Cdc25C phosphatase in benzyl isothiocyanate-mediated G2/M arrest in pancreatic cancer cells.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5586 Epidemiological studies continue to support the existence of an inverse relationship between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and incidence of various types of cancer including pancreatic cancer. Recent studies including those from our laboratory suggested that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, could inhibit the growth of cultured cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism by which BITC exerts antiproliferative effects is not clear. We therefore, sought to determine the mechanism of BITC-mediated growth arrest in Capan-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. We found that BITC has an antiproliferative effect on Capan-2 cells with an IC50 of about 5 μM, causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that BITC causes irreversible cell cycle arrest in these cells, which is associated with down regulation of the expression of key G2/M cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cdk1, cyclinB1 and Cdc25C as well as phosphorylation of cdk1 and Cdc25C. The BITC-mediated drastic reduction in the level of Cdc25C was almost completely blocked when Capan-2 cells were pretreated with proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. These results suggest that BITC-mediated down-regulation of Cdc25C may involve the proteasomal degradation pathway. Interestingly, lactacystin pretreatment partially protected Capan-2 cells from BITC-induced apoptosis. Taken together our results suggest that BITC-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis may in part, mediated by Cdc25C. [Supported in part by RO1 grant CA 106953 (to S.K.S.) awarded by the National Cancer Institute].
Precision Analog Signal Conditioning Semiconductors for Operation in Very High Temperature Environments

When designing signal chains for systems exposed to high temperature environments, analog signal processing ICs are needed to enable precision sensor measurements. However, as ambient operating temperatures increase beyond the typical extended-industrial +125°C limit, the performance characteristics of analog semiconductors are strongly impacted by the effects of temperature on circuit design, packaging, and the underlying fabrication process. In this paper we introduce two new precision analog components, an operational amplifier and voltage reference, rated for very high temperature operation. We then discuss the steps taken to ensure their performance at high temperature is robust and can be maintained over a limited lifetime. Finally, we demonstrate these devices utilized in an example application: a constant current source for temperature sensor signal conditioning.
Causes and Measures of Air Pollution

The industry and the transportation shipping industry rapid development as well as the fossil fuel massive uses,materials such as dust,sulfur oxide compound,nitrogen oxide compound,carbon oxide compound,ozone disperse into the atmosphere,causes the mass of atmosphere serious worsening.But the humanity needs to develop,but the humanity more needs to protect the environment,how to protect the good environment is the people common interest question.Causes and measures of the air pollution were discussed in this paper.
Consuming Aztecs, producing workers: Economies of indigeneity and ambivalence in the Chicana/o and Latina/o imagination

This essay considers the role of Chicana/o and Latina/o “premodern” indigeneity under free-market capitalism in Sesshu Foster’s novel Atomik Aztex, Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gomez-Pena’s The Couple in the Cage and the film Fast Food Nation. These texts reveal the economic utility of the premodern indigenous figure, challenging its precapitalist and precolonial symbolics. I argue that the allusions and images of “premodernity” and indigeneity in these texts elucidate regimes of consumption and labor exploitation that render an imagination for alternatives to capitalism exhausted. In particular, premodern indigeneity becomes a figure for both identity markets and labor markets, demonstrating a free-market logic and producing states of ambiguity and ambivalence for Chicana/o and Latina/o cultural politics.
„Kardioprotektion“ durch ACE-Hemmer bei akuter Myokardischämie und beim Infarkt?

Der Verschlus einer Koronararterie fuhrt zu einer akuten Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems und zur Bildung von Angiotensin II, einem potenten Vasokonstriktor und einer positiv inotropen Substanz. Dies lies es moglich erscheinen, das Inhibitoren des Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE-Hemmer) „kardioprotektiv“ sein konnten (das heist, das sie das myokardiale Trauma, die Funktionsstorung und Nekrose abmildern konnten), wenn eine akute Ischamie und ein Infarkt auftritt. Tatsachlich wurde berichtet, das in Modellen, in denen eine permanente Koronarokklusion durchgefuhrt wurde, Captopril, Enalapril und Ramipril die Nekrose aufgrund des myokardialen Traumas akut limitieren konnen. Die Mechanismen, die fur diese Kardioprotektion verantwortlich sind, sind komplex, aber zu diesen Mechanismen zahlen gunstige Veranderungen der myokardialen Sauerstoffversorgung/des Sauerstoffbedarfs und in einigen Fallen die Inhibition des Bradykinin-Stoffwechsels und/oder eine erhohte Prostaglandin-Synthese. Andere Studien konnten dagegen keine Reduzierung der Infarktgrose unter einer Behandlung mit ACE-Hemmern nachweisen. Die Ergebnisse, die man in Modellen einer Koronarokklusion und -reperfusion erhielt, waren ebenfalls gemischt. In Modellen einer kurzen, transienten Ischamie, die nicht mit einer Nekrose einherging, wurde durchweg festgestellt, das Captopril und Zofenopril die postischamische kontraktile Funktionsstorung des lebensfahigen Myokards, das allerdings ein “Stunning”-Phanomen zeigte, in den ersten Stunden nach dem Sistieren der Ischamie abmilderte. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden die Wirkungen, die Enalapril auf das Myokard mit “Stunning”-Phanomen ausubt, unterschiedlich bewertet: einige Arbeitsgruppen kamen zu positiven, andere zu negativen Ergebnissen. In Modellen einer prolongierten, Ischamie/Reperfusion, die zu einer subendokardialen Nekrose fuhrt, wurden ahnlich divergente Resultate erzielt: einige Studien ergaben eine gunstige Wirkung auf das Myokard, andere lieferten beunruhigende Hinweise auf eine offensichtliche Exazerbation der Myokardnekrose unter der Captopril- und Enalapriltherapie. Demnach bleibt die Frage, ob ACE-Hemmer bei der akuten Myokardischamie und beim Herzinfarkt „kardioprotektiv“ sind, auch nach einem Jahrzehnt intensiver Forschung ungelost. Trotzdem werden klinische Protokolle durchgefuhrt, um die Wirkungen einer fruh einsetzenden Therapie mit ACE-Hemmern bei Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt zu bewerten.
Intermittent access to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet attenuates alcohol drinking in rats.

Abstract Binge eating disorder and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur in the presence of other psychiatric conditions. Data suggest that binge eating engages similar behavioral and neurochemical processes common to AUD, which might contribute to the etiology or maintenance of alcoholism. However, it is unclear how binge feeding behavior and alcohol intake interact to promote initiation or maintenance of AUD. We investigated the impact of binge-like feeding on alcohol intake and anxiety-like behavior in male Long Evans rats. Rats received chow (controls) or extended intermittent access (24 h twice a week; Int-HFD) to a nutritionally complete high-fat diet for six weeks. Standard rodent chow was available ad-libitum to all groups and food intake was measured. Following HFD exposure, 20.0% ethanol, 2.0% sucrose intake and endocrine peptide levels were evaluated. Anxiety-like behavior was measured using a light-dark (LD) box apparatus. Rats in the Int-HFD group displayed a binge-like pattern of feeding (alternations between caloric overconsumption and voluntary caloric restriction). Surprisingly, alcohol intake was significantly attenuated in the Int-HFD group whereas sugar consumption was unaffected. Plasma acyl-ghrelin levels were significantly elevated in the Int-HFD group, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 levels did not change. Moreover, rats in the Int-HFD group spent more time in the light side of the LD box compared to controls, indicating that binge-like feeding induced anxiolytic effects. Collectively, these data suggest that intermittent access to HFD attenuates alcohol intake through reducing anxiety-like behavior, a process potentially controlled by elevated plasma ghrelin levels.
CaspNeuroD: a knowledgebase of predicted caspase cleavage sites in human proteins related to neurodegenerative diseases.

BACKGROUND A variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have been associated with deregulated caspase activation that leads to neuronal death. Caspases appear to be involved in the molecular pathology of NDs by directly cleaving important proteins. For instance, several proteins involved in Alzheimer's disease, including β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilins, are known to be cleaved by caspases. Therefore, cell death pathway may play a central role in many neurological diseases, and targeting the important proteins that control the cell survival and death may potentially represent a therapeutic approach for chronic neurodegenerative disorders. FINDINGS We developed CaspNeuroD, a relational database of in silico predicted caspase cleavage sites in human proteins associated with NDs. The prediction has been done on collection of 249 human proteins reported in clinical studies of NDs using the recently published CaspDB Random Forest machine-learning model. This database could be used for identifying new caspase substrates and further our understanding of the caspase-mediated substrate cleavage in NDs. CONCLUSION Our database provides information about potential caspase cleavage sites in a verified set of human proteins involved in NDs. It provides also information about the conservation of cleavage positions in corresponding orthologs, and information about the positions of single nucleotide polymorphisms and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that may modulate the caspase cleavage efficiency.Database URL: caspdb.sanfordburnham.org/caspneurod.php.
Future surgery after revision shoulder arthroplasty: the impact of unexpected positive cultures

Background The clinical implications and treatment of unexpected positive cultures (UPCs) in revision shoulder arthroplasty are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to describe results of patients with and without UPCs after revision shoulder arthroplasty. Methods A single institutional database was used to retrospectively identify all revision shoulder arthroplasties performed between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013. Patients with preoperative suspicion of infection were excluded. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for future surgery after revision shoulder arthroplasty. Results There were 117 revision shoulder arthroplasties without preoperative suspicion of infection. There were 28 of 117 (23.9%) with UPCs, of which 15 (57.1%) were Propionibacterium acnes ; 18 of 28 (64.3%) patients received antibiotics for 6 weeks postoperatively without complications compared with 10 of 28 (35.7%) who received a routine 2-week empirical antibiotic regimen; 2 of 28 (7.1%) patients with UPCs required future surgery, and only 1 (3.6%) had a recurrent infection. Comparatively, 18 of 89 (20.2%) patients without UPCs ( P = .109) required 25 additional surgeries. Average time to UPC was 4.3 years after index revision. Multivariable regression analysis of patient demographics, comorbidities, surgical procedure, and presence of UPCs found no independent predictors of reoperation. Discussion Nearly one-quarter of our institution's revision shoulder arthroplasties had UPCs. The patients without UPCs had a nonsignificantly higher risk of reoperation compared with those with UPCs. We did not identify clinical or demographic variables that independently correlated with reoperation. Further study will be necessary to determine the true clinical benefit of routine culture acquisition in cases with low suspicion for prosthetic joint infection.
Dynamic Rating of Overhead Transmission Lines over Complex Terrain Using a Large-Eddy Simulation Paradigm

Abstract Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) enables rating of power line conductors using real-time weather conditions. Conductors are typically operated based on a conservative static rating that assumes worst case weather conditions to avoid line sagging to unsafe levels. Static ratings can cause unnecessary congestion on transmission lines. To address this potential issue, a simulation-based dynamic line rating approach is applied to an area with moderately complex terrain. A micro-scale wind solver — accelerated on multiple graphics processing units (GPUs) — is deployed to compute wind speed and direction in the vicinity of powerlines. The wind solver adopts the large-eddy simulation technique and the immersed boundary method with fine spatial resolutions to improve the accuracy of wind field predictions. Statistical analysis of simulated winds compare favorably against wind data collected at multiple weather stations across the testbed area. The simulation data is then used to compute excess transmission capacity that may not be utilized because of a static rating practice. Our results show that the present multi-GPU accelerated simulation-based approach — supported with transient calculation of conductor temperature with high-order schemes — could be used as a non-intrusive smart-grid technology to increase transmission capacity on existing lines.
Walsh-hadamard transform of DNA methylation profile for the classification of human cancer cells

The discovery is reported on the low dimension and three step property of transform domain vector of of DNA methylation profile after Walsh-Hadamard Transform. The transform domain vector is unique for particular tissue type, and shows difference between normal and disease cells of the same tissue type. A new human disease cell classification approach is further proposed in this work, and the approach is tested with multiple datasets and classifiers. Results show that the proposed approach can achieve high classification accuracy and has great potential for practical applications.
Real World Data Analysis of Coagulation Factor IX Costs in Specific Patients with Hemophilia B Switching from Standard Half-Life to Extended Half-Life Products

Abstract Introduction: Hemophilia B, an X-linked genetic disease characterized by low clotting factor IX (FIX) levels, leads to spontaneous and traumatic bleeding in affected individuals. Intravenous FIX replenishment is administered to maintain adequate levels. The recent introduction of an extended half-life (EHL) FIX replacement product provided the opportunity to compare costs of care associated with treatment with an EHL product versus a standard half-life (SHL) product. Methods: The Truven Marketscan US claims database (Oct 2010 - Apr 2016) was used to identify factor concentrate charges for patients who had claims data for at least 3 months prior to and after switching from SHL to EHL products. Additionally, available data for up to 12 months pre- and post-switch on these identified patients were analyzed. Results: Thirteen patients, ranging from 3-64 years of age (median 18) were included in the analyses. Factor concentrate costs were higher after switch from SHL to EHL in each of the time periods examined (Table). Median costs were used since they were less influenced by isolated outliers and were similar to means in most cases. The median costs were 238% higher in the 3 months just after switching to the EHL product compared to the 3 months just prior to switching from the SHL product. Median costs were $51,881, $79,654, $75,695 and $61,515 in the 12-10, 9-7, 6-4 and 3-1 months prior to switch respectively compared to $173,515, $147,061, $149,971 and $207,973 in the corresponding quarterly month intervals post switch. Conclusion: This analysis of real world administrative data following individual patients through the switch from SHL to EHL products continuum suggests that switching from an SHL to an EHL product is associated with increased median factor costs throughout the 12 months following the switch, and that further analysis with larger numbers of patients should be explored. Download : Download high-res image (83KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Tortella: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Fogarty: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Alvir: Pfizer Inc: Employment. McDonald: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Spurden: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Pleil: Pfizer Inc: Employment.
Liposome and Immunoliposome Mediated Delivery of Proteins and Peptides

Proteins and peptides have emerged to become a class of important Pharmaceuticals largely because of technological advances in the recombinant DNA and automated peptide synthesis. Efficient delivery of these new drugs to the appropriate target site presents itself as a serious challenge. Proteins and peptides can be categorized into two groups: those acting by binding to the cell surface receptor and those acting in the cytoplasm. Strategies for delivering the two types of proteins and peptides are quite different. Liposomes and immunoliposomes (those with antibody covalently attached on the surface) have been used to deliver both proteins and peptides, but the specific formulation varies considerably depending on which group the protein or peptide belongs to.
The Indian perspective of smart cities

Cities have been the engines of economic growth since the industrial revolution. While effective at catalyzing prosperity, city development has not always been “smart” sacrificing human health, for instance, for greater productivity. Smart cities are now emerging. Leading smart cities such as Stockholm, Barcelona, New York, Vienna, and Toronto have incorporated efficiency into buildings, infrastructure, and social spaces using technological advancements, increasing the livability, workability, and sustainability of these places. Inspired by these smart city developments, India is planning to build 100 smart cities in various parts of the country. This research presents insight into how smart cities are likely to evolve in India, by studying the priority areas considered in planning smart cities. It presents both the citizen and city official perspectives of smart cities. The results indicate that citizens value living, followed by mobility, environment, governance, and economy, whereas the city officials prioritize living, followed by environment, economy, mobility, and governance. This research further evaluated the titles of planned smart city projects to determine how many of them can be categorized as smart. The analysis also revealed how city size influences the priorities of citizens and city officials, indicating that the notion of a smart city in India may be context specific.
Direct Observation of Phase-Free Propagation in a Silicon Waveguide

We demonstrate silicon waveguides that support phase-free propagation in the telecom regime. These waveguides have smaller footprints and exhibit improved energy transfer capabilities as compared to previous optical waveguides that support phase-advance-free modes. We measure the effective refractive index using on-chip interferometry and observe a zero-crossing around a wavelength of λ = 1625 nm. At this wavelength, we observe the coherent oscillations of waves that span the entire length of the waveguide. These waveguides are based on a 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator platform and, thus, are inherently compatible with established silicon photonic technologies.
Wading Through Quicksand: Making Sense of Minority Disproportionality in Identification of Emotional Disturbance:

The debate surrounding disproportionality in the identification of culturally and linguistically diverse students for special education, and in the category of emotional disturbance in particular, ...
What Laboratory Research has Told Us about Dolphin Cognition

Studies of sensory, cognitive, and communicative skills of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were carried out over a 34-year period at the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory in Honolulu. Findings on sensory skills included fine discrimination of auditory frequency differences andauditory duration, good visual resolution capabilities in water and in air, and sharing of object recognition across the senses of vision and echolocation. Short-term memory for auditory and visual materials was well developed, including memory for lists of items. Concept learning was demonstrated within several paradigms, including discrimination learning sets and matching-to sample. Dolphins understood novel instructions conveyed within artificial gestural or acoustic language systems using “sentences” as long as five words whose interpretation required processing of both the semantic and syntactic features of the languages. Gestural instructions were understood as reliably when conveyed through television images of trainers as when conveyed by live trainers. The words of these languages were understood referentially, including an ability to report whether a referenced object was present or absent in the dolphin’s tank. Both vocal mimicry of novel sounds and behavioral (motor) mimicry of other dolphins and of humans was demonstrated, an extensive and unique dual ability among animals tested, including an understanding of the concept of imitate as well as an understanding of the concept of behavioral synchrony. Behavioral synchrony (two dolphins acting together) was carried out effectively for behaviors directed by a trainer and for self directedbehaviors. The dolphins understood the referring function of the human pointing gesture,possibly as a generalization from the referring function of their echolocation beam. Self-awarenesswas demonstrated in two domains: the dolphin’s conscious awareness of its own recent behavior, and its conscious awareness of its own body parts when symbolically referenced. This suite of findings attest to the remarkable flexibility and extensibility of dolphin cognition and reveals cognitive competencies that surely aid the dolphin’s effective functioning within its complex social and ecological milieu.
Speech translation: past, present and future.

A decade after its first beginnings, the grand challenge of building automatic systems that translate speech has grown into an active research area, a focus for speech and language researchers worldwide. Workshops, conferences, sessions, journal issues are devoted to it, and research is supported by governments in Asia, Europe and the US. The problem has attracted much attention, as practical needs in an increasingly globalized world converge with scientific advances that bring possible solutions within reach. While great progress has been made, the problem is certainly not solved and much remains to be done. At a midway point along the way, we present this paper as a review of the past, of the successes so far, and as an attempt to chart a course for the future.
Delayed Aging in Ames Dwarf Mice. Relationships to Endocrine Function and Body Size

There is considerable evidence for genetic control of aging and longevity. For example, there are major differences in life span between different breeds of domestic dogs, between different inbred lines of laboratory mice, and between lines of mice developed by selection for various phenotypic traits. Studies in yeast, in a round worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, and in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provided a wealth of information on the genetic control of aging, including evidence that mutations at specific loci can produce major alterations in the life span. A new term, longevity assurance genes (LAGs), was coined to describe genes involved in the control of the life span. Evidence for the existence of LAGs in yeast, C. elegans, and Drosophila and the effects of mutations at these loci are described in other chapters in this Volume.
A combined electrometer and thermionic voltmeter

Design data are given for a thermionic voltmeter which can also be used as an electrometer. The A.C. ranges are 0–6 and 0–10 volts R.M.S., the D.C. ranges 0–3 and 0–6 volts. The input capacity and resistance compare favourably with the best commercial instruments.
Hands-free augmented reality for vascular interventions

During a vascular intervention (a type of minimally invasive surgical procedure), physicians maneuver catheters and wires through a patient's blood vessels to reach a desired location in the body. Since the relevant anatomy is typically not directly visible in these procedures, virtual reality and augmented reality systems have been developed to assist in 3D navigation. Because both of a physician's hands may already be occupied, we developed an augmented reality system supporting hands-free interaction techniques that use voice and head tracking to enable the physician to interact with 3D virtual content on a head-worn display while leaving both hands available intraoperatively. We demonstrate how a virtual 3D anatomical model can be rotated and scaled using small head rotations through first-order (rate) control, and can be rigidly coupled to the head for combined translation and rotation through zero-order control. This enables easy manipulation of a model while it stays close to the center of the physician's field of view.
Cognitive Reserve Attenuates the Effect of Disability on Depression in Multiple Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE The current study explored the moderating role of cognitive reserve on the relationship between disability and depression in a sample of individuals in which brain pathology is thought to contribute to depression (multiple sclerosis; MS). METHOD Fifty-four individuals with MS were examined. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS). In addition to collecting demographic (education) and disease burden (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS) related variables, participants completed a neuropsychological test battery and psychosocial questionnaires. Cognitive reserve (CR) was conceptualized in two ways: Fixed CR and Malleable CR. Fixed CR was measured using years of education and crystallized intelligence (Shipley Vocabulary). Malleable CR was operationalized as a composite of measures from the Cognitive Heath Questionnaire (CHQ). Two regressions on depression (BDI-FS) examining either type of cognitive reserve, EDSS, and their interactions were explored. Results: The interaction between EDSS and both conceptualizations of cognitive reserve were significant, t(50) = -2.60, p = .013, PRE = .12 (Fixed CR); t(47) = -2.02, p = .049, PRE = .08 (Malleable CR). Simple effects testing revealed the same pattern regardless of the type of cognitive reserve examined; EDSS predicted depression only in those with low cognitive reserve. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive reserve moderates the relationship between disability and depression in MS; disability does not appear to influence depression in those with high cognitive reserve.
The New Legal Landscape for Text Mining and Machine Learning

Individually and collectively, copyrighted works have the potential to generate information that goes far beyond what their individual authors expressed or intended. Various methods of computational and statistical analysis of text — usually referred to as text data mining (“TDM”) or just text mining — can unlock that information. However, because almost every use of TDM involves making copies of the text to be mined, the legality of that copying has become a fraught issue in copyright law in United States and around the world. One of the most fundamental questions for copyright law in the Internet age is whether the protection of the author’s original expression should stand as an obstacle to the generation of insights about that expression. How this question is answered will have a profound influence on the future of research across the sciences and the humanities, and for the development of the next generation of information technology: machine learning and artificial intelligence. This Article consolidates a theory of copyright law should that I have advanced in a series of articles and amicus briefs over the past decade. It explains why applying copyright’s fundamental principles in the context of new technologies necessarily implies that copying expressive works for non-expressive purposes should not be counted as infringement and must be recognized as fair use. The Article shows how that theory was adopted and applied in the recent high-profile test cases, Authors Guild v. HathiTrust and Authors Guild v. Google, and takes stock of the legal context for TDM research in the United States in the aftermath of those decisions. The Article makes important contributions to copyright theory, but is also integrates that theory with a practical assessment various interrelated legal issues that text mining researchers and their supporting institutions must confront if they are to realize the full potential of these technologies. These issues range from the enforceability of website terms of service, the effect of laws prohibiting computer hacking and the circumvention of technological protection measures (i.e., encryption and other digital locks), and cross-border copyright issues.