cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in mammary development.

Mammary glands from 3- to 4-week-old mice were incubated in whole organ culture to determine the effects of GH, PRL, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on lobulo-alveolar development and milk protein expression. Virgin mice were implanted with pellets of estrogen and progesterone (1:1000). After 9 days, abdominal no. 4 glands were removed and place on siliconized lens paper in Waymouths' medium supplemented with insulin (Ins), aldosterone, hydrocortisone, and epidermal growth factor. Concentrations of bovine GH, ovine GH, rat GH, or ovine PRL added to the medium varied from 0-1 micrograms/ml. IGF-I was added to replace either Ins or PRL up to 1 microgram/ml. When glands were incubated with Ins, aldosterone, hydrocortisone, and 250 ng/ml PRL, they exhibited lobulo-alveolar development and expressed the milk protein beta-casein. When GH was substituted for PRL, little lobulo-alveolar development occurred, although beta-casein mRNA was expressed at low levels. Either PRL or GH at 1 microgram/ml induced...
Image Algebra Application To Multisensor And Multidata Image Manipulation

This paper provides a brief overview of the AFATL (Air Force Armament Laboratory) Image Algebra with applications to multidata/multisensor image manipulations.
Generic SDR architecture: Vendor independent implementation

This paper describes a flexible hardware and software architecture that is simple, works with almost all Software Defined Radios (SDR) in market today and is vendor independent in its implementation. Usually, an engineer targets a particular platform which needs considerable time and manpower for process of design and development. The proposed architecture can be applied almost exclusively to the FPGAs, using a soft processor core to perform basic software functions as well as the main role of digital signal processing. The memory map to other logic modules and external peripherals as well as a boot-loader for loading the software image have been designed. A FIFO based component interface has been designed to maintain communication between modules and external devices as well as a data logger module for debug purposes. Since the entire hardware-software ecosystem is built on a single FPGA using Register Transfer Level (RTL) coding, it can freely be used on any FPGA family by any FPGA vendor with minor modifications. This allows us to build powerful SDR systems even using basic FPGA kits, an RF-frontend and an Analog-to-Digital (ADC) module. A survey of open source processor cores is conducted to estimate resource usage and complexity on an FPGA. This can be used to select an FPGA and a processor core such that the entire system can run on a single FPGA. This architecture is implemented on an existing SDR platform and all features are successfully validated on the hardware. Data logged from this system while running a sample signal processing implementation, was tested in Matlab and was shown to have correct time and frequency domain signals at various points in the signal processing chain.
Contingent States: Greater China and Transnational Relations

Contingent States: Greater China and Transnational Relations. By William A. Callahan. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. 297p. 22.95 paper.International relations scholarship has moved beyond debates between realists and liberals, yet much of the literature on the growth of Chinese power, or on China's regional and global interests, reflects theories of balance of power or peace through trade and engagement. Many of the most popular and well-known works on China (for example, Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro's 1998 book The Coming Conflict with China) view the economic success and modernization of China as a threat to U.S. interests and to the larger international order. William Callahan's Contingent States not only avoids this standard refrain but actively rejects and criticizes it. Callahan accomplishes two important goals in his book. First, he shows how conventional international relations paradigms can mislead us about the “true” aims of Chinese foreign policy; and secondly, he uses “Greater China” as a theoretical framework to examine four issues in Asia: the South China Sea dispute, Sino-Korean relations, the return of Hong Kong, and cross-straits relations between China and Taiwan. In addition to an introduction, theoretical chapter, and conclusion, one chapter is devoted to each of these issues.
Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antibacterial agents against Enterococcus faecium.

Rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance is one of the most challenging global public health concerns. In particular, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections have been increasing in frequency, representing 25% of enterococci infections in intensive care units. A novel class of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines active against E. faecium is reported herein. We used a three-component Biginelli-like heterocyclization reaction for the synthesis of a series of these derivatives based on reactions of aldehydes, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and 3-alkylthio-5-amino-1,2,4-triazoles. The resulting compounds were assayed for antimicrobial activity against the ESKAPE panel of bacteria, followed by investigation of their in vitro activities. These analyses identified a subset of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines that had good narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity against E. faecium and exhibited metabolic stability with low intrinsic clearance. Macromolecular synthesis assays revealed cell-wall biosynthesis as t...
Alte und neue Konzepte für thermoelektrische Materialien

Grundkonzepte fur die Erforschung thermoelektrischer Materialien, der gegenwartige Kenntnisstand und neueste Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet sind die Themen dieses Aufsatzes. In aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten werden der Leistungsfaktor maximiert und/oder die Warmeleitfahigkeit minimiert, um hohere ZT–Werte zu erzielen. Ansatze zur Maximierung des Leistungsfaktors sind die Entwicklung neuer oder das Optimieren existierender Materialien durch Dotieren sowie die Erforschung nanoskaliger Materialien. Die Warmeleitfahigkeit kann minimiert werden durch das Herstellen fester Losungen, die Verwendung von Materialien mit niedriger intrinsischer Warmeleitfahigkeit und durch Nanostrukturierung. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt die aussichtsreichsten thermoelektrischen Bulkmaterialien unter Berucksichtigung der wahrend des letzten Jahrzehnts gewonnenen Erkenntnisse. Zu Beginn werden die Kristallstruktur und die chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften einphasiger Bulkmaterialien sowie die Optimierung ihrer thermoelektrischen Leistung diskutiert. Anschliesend wird untersucht, welche neuen Moglichkeiten sich durch den Einsatz nanostrukturierter Kompositmaterialien ergeben. Den Abschluss bildet ein Ausblick in die fernere Zukunft.
Clinical results and functional evaluation of the Chrisman-Snook procedure for lateral ankle instability in athletes.

There is no consensus regarding optimum surgical treatment for chronic ankle instability. The purpose of this study is to describe a variation of the Chrisman-Snook lateral ligament reconstruction that the senior author uses in patients with chronic ankle instability recalcitrant to conservative management. All patients who underwent reconstruction from 1997 to 2006 were identified, and those with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included, representing a total of 44 ankles in 43 patients. All underwent clinical evaluation and completion of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Survey and the Kaikkonen Scale. At mean follow-up of 4.4 years, mean dorsiflexion loss was 2° compared with the nonoperative side. The postoperative mean Foot and Ankle Outcome Survey score was 74 ± 16 (range, 36-98), while the mean Kaikkonen total score was 77 ± 14 (range, 40-95). Thirty-eight patients (84.6%) were satisfied with their result. Six patients (13.6%) underwent reoperation, including 4 with peroneal tendon scarring requiring tenol...
New Compounds: Synthesis of 1-Aryl Substituted Hydantoins

A series of 1-aryl substituted hydantoins was synthesized by condensation of monosubstituted ureas and glyoxal. The method is facile and applicable for the preparation of 1-alkyl substituted hydantoins as well as analogs of the compounds.
Caudal anesthesia in pediatric cardiac surgery: does it affect outcome?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of caudal anesthesia on outcomes (pediatric intensive care unit [PICU] length of stay, hospital length of stay, ventilatory time, early extubation rate) in pediatric patients undergoing congenital heart disease repair requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design: Retrospective. Setting: University teaching hospital. Participants: Pediatric patients undergoing surgery to treat congenital heart disease between 1999 and 2002. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-four patients with atrial septal defect (ASD), 37 with ventricular septal defect, and 46 with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) were included in the analysis. No differences were found in preoperative and intraoperative data between caudal and noncaudal group for each disorder. There was no difference between caudal and noncaudal groups in PICU and hospital stay. A statistically significant difference was found in the postoperative ventilatory time in patients with ASD and TOF between caudal and noncaudal groups. The early extubation rate was higher in the TOF caudal group compared with the noncaudal group. Conclusions: This retrospective study demonstrated that postinduction placement of caudal anesthesia does not affect PICU or hospital length of stay. A well-controlled prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.
Complications of transabdominal retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.

Abstract Twelve complications occurred in 175 patients (7 per cent) undergoing transabdominal retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for management of nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma. There was no operative mortality. The low morbidity and rare mortality associated with the operation justifies its continued use of both as a staging procedure and as a therapeutic modality.
Bioactive Monoterpenes from Monarda fistulosa (Lamiaceae)

Abstract Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Monarda fistulosa L. (F005), using the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and crown gall tumor potato disc assay (PD), led to the isolation of the bioactive monoterpenes, thymoquinone (1), and thymol (2). 1, surprisingly, exhibited selective cytotoxicities against certain cell lines. Of over 60 human tumor cell lines evaluated, 1 was very selective for SF-539 (CNS) with an LC50 < 2.51 × 10−2 μg/ml. Other cell lines targeted by 1 were PC-3 (prostate), M-14 (melanoma), OVCAR-5 (ovarian), and MCF-7 (breast). The reduction of 1 to thymohydroquinone (3) resulted in a 1.7 fold decrease in the cytotoxic potency for PC-3. Thymol (2), although not significantly cytotoxic, demonstrated strong pesticidal activity, more potent than rotenone, in the yellow fever mosquito larvae assay (YFM). None of the compounds, 1–3, approached the IC50 value of rotenone in inhibiting oxygen uptake in the rat liver mitochondrial bioassay, suggesting that they must have another mode of action.
Birdsong: Can an old bird change his tune?

The stereotyped courtship songs of 'age-limited' songbirds, which learn their songs during a specific early period of their lives, were once thought immutable, but recent studies suggest that their maintenance may actually rely on subtle cues provided by auditory feedback.
Model-predictive control of a combined sewer system

Abstract Most reported applications of model-predictive control (MFC) have a narrow scope, with 1-5 variables to be regulated and a comparable number of manipulated variables. Several authors have claimed that global-optimization versions of MPC (such as DMC and QDMC) should be more useful for problems in which an entire system can be operated to achieve an economic and/or technical objective. In this paper, we describe the application of MPC to a large-scale, constraint-dominated problem: the minimization of combined-sewer overflows (CSOs) in the Seattle metropolitan area. The key decision variables are flowrates at 23 locations throughout the sewer network. There are approximately 40 output variables that must be kept between lower and upper bounds. The main issues addressed in the application are: (1) definition of an appropriate objective function for on-line optimization; (2) creation and maintenance of complex system models; and (3) use of state estimation to minimize the impact of disturbances and ...
Characteristics of the functional link net: a higher order delta rule net

Reports on the characteristics of a net which incorporates higher-order effects in supervised learning in ways different from those previously proposed. These higher-order effects are introduced through nonlinear functional transforms via links rather than at nodes. Specific instances include transforming the input vector into higher-order tensors. Learning-rate increases, for several examples, are described. Network architecture simplifications are also described. >
‘All that is Rare, Characteristic or Beautiful’ Design and the Defense of Tradition in Colonial India, 1851-1903

In the 1880s and 1890s, British officials worried that traditional Indian design was disappearing in the face of rapid westernization. But their idea of what constituted ‘traditional’ design was itself new, forged first at international exhibitions and then in the context of Indian artisanal and consumer experimentation with novel combinations of foreign styles and objects. Indeed, it was the latter which prompted British art officials in India to call for a return to tradition. But traditionalism in design was not just in reaction to Indian cosmopolitan tendencies; it tried to achieve its own, slightly different cosmopolitanism by Indianizing western forms with the application of pure Indian ornament. I argue that it was in the intersection of these competing visions - Indian and British, metropolitan and colonial - of how to use and fill homes with new goods that a new definition of Indian traditional design emerged in this period.
A Conversation with Hanna Pitkin

An interview with Hanna Pitkin took place at the University of California, Berkeley, in the spring of 2014. What follows is an edited transcript; a video of the entire interview can be found at www.annualreviews.org/r/hannapitkin. Prof. Pitkin is the author of books well known to scholars and students in political theory and political science: The Concept of Representation (1967), Wittgenstein and Justice (1972), Fortune is a Woman: Gender and Politics in the Thought of Machiavelli (1984), and The Attack of the Blob: Hannah Arendt's Concept of the Social (1998). Her influential articles include the two-part essay “Obligation and Consent” (1965). Hanna Pitkin is winner of the 2003 Skytte Prize in Political Science “for her groundbreaking theoretical work, predominantly on the problem of representation.” In this interview, she discusses with Prof. Nancy L. Rosenblum her work on representation, Machiavelli's republicanism and the study of gender, early conceptual analysis in political theory, political advoc...
Analysis of a file addressing method

This paper presents a new file addressing method based on the calculation of an address from the identification of a record. For large recirculating type files, it seems to be more advantageous than customary ones. The probability distribution of the displacement of records from their calculated address, which is one less than the number of probes required to address a record, is computed on the basis of a Markov chain model. For the reader not interested in the mathematics, the introduction and the summary should be sufficient.
Replenishment Strategies for Distribution Systems Under Advance Demand Information

Customers with positive demand lead times place orders in advance of their needs. A portfolio of customers with different demand lead times gives rise to what we calladvance demand information. We develop effective inventory policies for a distribution system to account for this information. In particular, we study a centralized system with one warehouse serving multiple retailers under advance demand information. The inventory manager replenishes the warehouse from an outside supplier. Units arriving to the warehouse are allocated to the retailers. To control this system, we develop a lower bound and proposed a close-to-optimal heuristic for which the optimality gap is on average 1.92%. We also provide a closed-form solution to approximate the system-wide inventory level. Using this explicit solution, the model and the heuristic, we investigate (1) the benefit of advance demand information, and its impact on allocation decisions, (2) the joint role of risk pooling and advance demand information, and (3) the system performance with respect to supplier and retailer lead times. We illustrate how advance demand information can be a substitute for lead times and inventory, and how it enhances the outcome of delayed differentiation.
Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae): A review of conservation status

The majority of wild Sumatran tigers are believed to live in 12 Tiger Conservation Landscapes covering approximately 88 000 km². However, the actual distribution of tigers across Sumatra has never been accurately mapped. Over the past 20 years, conservation efforts focused on the Sumatran tigers have increased, but the population continues to decline as a result of several key threats. To identify the status of the Sumatran tiger distribution across the island, an island-wide questionnaire survey comprised of 35 respondents from various backgrounds was conducted between May and June 2010. The survey found that Sumatran tigers are positively present in 27 habitat patches larger than 250 km 2 and possibly present in another 2. In addition, a review on major published studies on the Sumatran tiger was conducted to identify the current conservation status of the Sumatran tiger. Collectively, these studies have identified several key factors that have contributed to the decline of Sumatran tiger populations, including: forest habitat fragmentation and loss, direct killing of tigers and their prey, and the retaliatory killing of tigers due to conflict with villagers. The present paper provides management authorities and the international community with a recent assessment and a base map of the actual distribution of Sumatran tigers as well as a general overview on the current status and possible future conservation challenges of Sumatran tiger management.
Workload characterization of multithreaded java servers

Java has gained popularity in the commercial server arena, but the characteristics of Java server applications are not well understood. In this research, we characterize the behavior of two Java server benchmarks, VoIanoMark and SPECjbb2000, on a Pentium 111 system with the latest Java Hotspot Server VM. We compare Java server applications with SPECint2000 and also investigate the impact of multithreading by increasing the number of clients. Java servers are seen to exhibit poor instruction access behavior, including high instruction miss rate, high ITLB miss rate, high BTB miss rate and, as a result, high I-stream stalls. With increasing number of threads, the instruction behavior improves, suggesting increased locality .of access. But the resource stalls increase and eventually dwarf the diminishing I-stream stalls. With more clients, the instruction count per unit work increases and becomes a hindrance to the scalability of the servers.
A Climatology of Tropospheric Zonal-Mean Water Vapor Fields and Fluxes in Isentropic Coordinates

Based on reanalysis data for the years 1980–2001 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40 data), a climatology of tropospheric zonal-mean water vapor fields and fluxes in isentropic coordinates is presented. In the extratropical free troposphere, eddy fluxes dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity along isentropes. At all levels, isentropic eddy fluxes transport water vapor from the deep Tropics through the subtropics into the extratropics. Isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity diverge near the surface and in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere; they converge in the extratropical free troposphere. Isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity play a secondary role in the meridional water vapor transport in the free troposphere; however, they dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity near the surface, where they transport water vapor equatorward and, in the solstice seasons, across the equator. Cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity are especially important in the Hadley circulation, in whose ascending branches they moisten and in whose descending branches they dry the free troposphere. Near the minima of zonal-mean relative humidity in the subtropical free troposphere, the divergence of the cross-isentropic mean advective flux of specific humidity in the descending branches of the Hadley circulation is the dominant divergence in the mean specific humidity balance; it is primarily balanced by convergence of cross-isentropic turbulent fluxes that transport water vapor from the surface upward. Although there are significant isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity through the region of the subtropical relative humidity minima, their divergence near the minima is generally small compared with the divergence of cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes, implying that moistening by eddy transport from the Tropics into the region of the minima approximately balances drying by eddy transport into the extratropics. That drying by cross-isentropic mean subsidence near the subtropical relative humidity minima is primarily balanced by moistening by upward turbulent fluxes of specific humidity, likely in convective clouds, suggests cloud dynamics may play a central role in controlling the relative humidity of the subtropical free troposphere.
FreeSML: delivering on the open-source simulation language promise

FreeSML is a Java-based simulation language, providing support for process-oriented and event-oriented simulation, along with limited support for continuous-variable simulation. The core simulation engine is indirectly derived from that of Silk 1.3, and the language's public interface is based heavily on those of Silk and SSJ. Unlike earlier languages, FreeSML was developed with the specific intent that it be released as an open-source package, and has been released under the Free Software Foundation's Lesser General Public License.
Coordinate Regulation of the α2-Macroglobulin Signaling Receptor and the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein/α2-Macroglobulin Receptor by Insulin

We have studied insulin-dependent regulation of macrophage alpha(2)-macroglobulin signaling receptors (alpha(2)MSR) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha(2)M receptors (LRP/alpha(2)MR) employing cell binding of (125)I-alpha(2)M*, inhibition of binding by receptor-associated protein (RAP) or Ni(2+), LRP/alpha(2)MR mRNA levels, and generation of second messengers. Insulin treatment increased the number of alpha(2)M* high (alpha(2)MSR) and low (LRP/alpha(2)MR) affinity binding sites from 1, 600 and 67,000 to 2,900 and 115,200 sites per cell, respectively. Neither RAP nor Ni(2+) blocked the binding of (125)I-alpha(2)M* to alpha(2)MSR on insulin- or buffer-treated cells, but they both blocked binding to LRP/alpha(2)MR. Insulin significantly increased LRP/alpha(2)MR mRNA levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Insulin-augmented (125)I-alpha(2)M* binding to macrophages was severely reduced by wortmannin, LY294002, PD98059, SB203580, or rapamycin. The increase in alpha(2)MSR receptor synthesis was reflected by augmented generation of IP(3) and increased [Ca(2+)](i) levels upon receptor ligation. Incubation of macrophages with wortmannin, LY294002, PD98059, SB203580, rapamycin, or antibodies against insulin receptors before insulin treatment and alpha(2)M* stimulation significantly reduced the insulin-augmented increase in IP(3) and [Ca(2+)](i) levels. Pretreatment of cells with actinomycin D or cycloheximide blocked the synthesis of new alpha(2)MSR. In conclusion, we show here that insulin coordinately regulates macrophage alpha(2)MSR and LRP/alpha(2)MR, utilizing both the PI 3-kinase and Ras signaling pathways to induce new synthesis of these receptors.
Visual space-time interactions: effects of adapting to spatial frequencies on temporal sensitivity.

To study how adaptation to spatial frequency patterns affects temporal sensitivity in vision, observers were selectively adapted for 4 min to either a high- or a low-spatial-frequency sinusoidal grating (12 and 2 cpd, respectively). Their sensitivities to modulation of a blurred patch at high or low temporal frequencies (12 Hz and 2 Hz, respectively) were measured, before and after the adaptation period, by using the yes/no task of signal detection theory. The data consistently indicated that spatial adaptation differentially affected the observers’ sensitivities to temporal signals. Specifically, when the observers were adapted to low spatial frequencies, their sensitivity to low temporal frequencies was reduced; when they were adapted to high spatial frequencies, their sensitivity to high temporal frequencies was increased. These results have implications for the psychophysical measurements of temporal and spatial sensitivity, as well as for the issue of the separability of spatial and temporal properties of individual channels.
A nonlinear adaptive digital filter

An adjustable, memoryless, single-valued, monotonic nonlinearity is introduced between the output point of a linear adaptive FIR (finite-impulse response) filter and the output point of the system. A control strategy is derived that permits the simultaneous shaping of both the power spectrum and the amplitude-density function of the system output by jointly adjusting the shape of the nonlinearity and the tap weights of the linear filter. A mechanization diagram and some mechanization considerations are presented. >
A base force/torque sensor approach to robot manipulator inertial parameter estimation

A practical method is proposed for estimating the inertial parameters of robot manipulators with substantial unmodeled joint friction and actuator dynamics. The manipulator is mounted on a six-axis force/torque sensor. Sensor measurements and joint velocities recorded during manipulator motion are used to identify the inertial parameters. The unmodeled joint friction and actuator dynamics do not degrade the estimation results, as in conventional methods. The estimation algorithm does not require difficult-to-measure acceleration measurements. Experimental results presented show that an accurate estimation of inertia parameters is attainable. Since the sensor is external to the manipulator, the same sensor can be used for parameter estimation for a number of different systems.
Broad-band beamforming and the generalized sidelobe canceller

This correspondence identifies general conditions under which the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure implements a linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) broad-band beam-former. In previously published work, conditions have been presented for the case in which the linear constraint is restricted to fixed gain in the steer direction. Here, that work is extended to include general linear constraints. A geometric interpretation is presented to provide insight into the relationship between the GSC structure and LCMV beamformers, and several recent developments in broad-band beam-forming are reviewed and related to the GSC structure.
Ocean Acidification Affects Larval Swimming in Ostrea lurida but not Crassostrea gigas

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES x INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS 6 Study organisms 6 Larval rearing 6 Carbonate chemistry 8 Larval swimming observations 10 Larval shell morphology 13 Larval energetics 14 RESULTS 18 Carbonate chemistry analysis 18 Larval swimming performance 20 Larval swimming behavior 25 Larval shell growth 33 Larval energetics 36 DISCUSSION 40 Effect of ocean acidification on C. gigas 40 Effect of ocean acidification on O. lurida 43 Species-specific comparison 45 Implications for wild populations 46 REFERENCES 49 APPENDIX A 56 APPENDIX B 60
How Persistent is ADHD into Adulthood? Informant Report and Diagnostic Thresholds in a Female Sample

The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood, particularly in women, is an unresolved question. Using a diverse, prospectively followed female sample (ADHD: n = 140; comparison: n = 88), we examined (a) informant (parent- vs. self-report) and (b) symptom threshold (DSM-IV cutoffs vs. a developmentally referenced criterion [DRC]) with respect to estimates of ADHD persistence into young adulthood (M = 19.6 years). We also ascertained the linkages of ADHD status (as measured by each informant and via the different symptom cutoffs) with impairment in key outcome domains. Informant diagnostic concordance was significant but small (κ = 0.22). Via parent report, more childhood-ascertained probands (44 %) than comparison participants (1 %) met full ADHD criteria in adulthood (p < 0.001, ϕ = 0.47); parallel results were found via self-report (22 % vs. 2 %; p < 0.001, ϕ = 0.28). As expected, DRC designations yielded higher persistence estimates than DSM cutoffs. With control of key covariates, parent-reported ADHD was independently associated with poor outcomes on eight of nine measures but self-reported ADHD was associated only with low math scores. Also, participants who met the DRC cutoff but not the higher DSM threshold showed similar impairment to DSM-diagnosed participants, far greater than that of participants who met neither cutoff. A lowered symptom threshold in adulthood compared to childhood appears justified.
Perspectives in the development of novel treatment approaches.

Dysregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been observed in many human tumors and has been found to be implicated in the promotion of cancer cell growth and survival. Hence, the mTOR pathway is considered an important target of anticancer therapy. This paper focuses on the role of mTOR inhibition and on the recent developments of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in this field.
Prologue: new insights into the regulation of the coronary microcirculation.

The third Special Topic of papers on new regulatory mechanisms in the coronary microcirculation is focussed on the control of coronary vasomotor tone. Papers with both a basic scientific and clinical orientation are included, because in the aggregate, the studies show the importance of the coronary
The Individuality of Grief

Our power as nurses lies in our ability to advocate for patients. We can offer some control during a crisis. We can soften the edges around tragedy, even when we cannot prevent it. We can create an atmosphere wherein the patient and family can begin to draw on their own resources. It's yet both a great challenge and responsibility to lead patients to effective healing. Our care is life‐giving, life‐changing, even when life is lost.
Review: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality in women at average risk.

Source Citation Myers ER, Moorman P, Gierisch JM, et al. Benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314:1615-34. 26501537
2-D tomographic imaging of velocities in the Wichita uplift-Anadarko basin region of southwestern Oklahoma

In January of 1985, a densely-recorded, wide-aperture seismic experiment was performed by the University of Texas at El Paso and at Dallas, across the southwestern Oklahoma aulacogen. A two-dimensional P -wave velocity distribution is estimated for the Wichita uplift, the Anadarko basin, and the interface between them, by iterative tomographic imaging of travel-time picks from seven shots located near the 100-km-long recording line. The region that is imaged is roughly triangular in shape, with depth = 0 km at the ends of line and ≈ 15 km near its center. The main features that are revealed are a high-velocity (>6.8 km/sec) central core in the Wichita uplift and an asymmetrical Anadarko basin with decreasing velocities toward the basin axis. There are indications, within the uplift, of local high-velocity sills and a local low-velocity region that may be a remnant of normal crustal material.
Evaluation of electronic red blood cell counter.

The red blood cell count remains essential for the differential diagnosis of anemia. Extensive degrees of macrocytosis and microcytosis are readily observed in blood smears. Minor, but nevertheless important differences in the sizes of red blood cells may*:Be discovered only by determining the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), as measured by the ratio of the hematocrit reading to the red blood cell count. Inasmuch as the difference between maximal and minimal normal MCV's is only 10 per cent, the red blood cell count should be done with high precision in order to detect minor deviations from normal. A recently designed electronic device seems to provide accurate red blood cell counts, and Avith considerable economy of time. This paper describes (1) the principle of the counter, (2) methods for its use, and (3) the results of evaluation studies performed with the counter. PRINCIPLE AND OPERATION OF ELECTRONIC COUNTER* The electronic counter used in this study is based on the principle that cells are poor electrical conductors, as compared with a saline solution. In operation, a dilute suspension of red blood cells in 0.9 per cent solution of sodium chloride is drawn through a minute aperture conducting an electric current between plati­ num electrodes. Each cell passing through the aperture displaces an equal volume of the solution of electrolyte and thereby modulates the electric current. The resulting pulses are amplified and automatically counted, and they are then
Treatment of traumatic renal arteriovenous fistulas by detachable silicone balloon embolization.

AbstractA new technique of detachable balloon arterial embolization allowed non-operative occlusion of 2 patients with post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas in the kidney. This approach was successful in controlling hemorrhage with minimal loss of renal tissue.
KIR Genotyping and Analysis

The genes encoding the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are situated within a segment of DNA that has undergone expansion and contraction over time due in large part to unequal crossing over. Consequently, individuals exhibit considerable haplotypic variation in terms of gene content. The highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I loci encode ligands for the KIR; thus, it is not surprising that KIR genes also show significant allelic polymorphism. As a result of the receptor-ligand relationship between KIR and HLA, functionally relevant KIR-HLA combinations need to be considered in the analysis of these genes as they relate to disease outcomes. This chapter will describe a genotyping method for identifying the presence/absence of the KIR genes and general approaches to data analysis in disease association studies.
Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma.

Recent interest in nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma has been stimulated by advances in renal imaging, improved surgical techniques, the increasing number of incidentally discovered low-stage renal cell carcinomas and good long-term survival in patients undergoing this form of treatment [1]. Nephron-sparing surgery entails complete local excision of a renal tumor while leaving the largest possible amount of normal functioning parenchyma in the involved kidney.
Targeting WEE1 Kinase in Cancer

WEE1 kinase plays a crucial role in the G2–M cell-cycle checkpoint arrest for DNA repair before mitotic entry. Normal cells repair damaged DNA during G1 arrest; however, cancer cells often have a deficient G1–S checkpoint and depend on a functional G2–M checkpoint for DNA repair. WEE1 is expressed at high levels in various cancer types including breast cancers, leukemia, melanoma, and adult and pediatric brain tumors. Many of these cancers are treated with DNA-damaging agents; therefore, targeting WEE1 for inhibition and compromising the G2–M checkpoint presents an opportunity to potentiate therapy. In this review we summarize the current WEE1 inhibitors, the potential for further inhibitor development, and the challenges in the clinic for the WEE1 inhibitor strategy.
Translational investigation of turmeric for arthritis treatment: A review of lessons learned

Turmeric rhizome has been used for centuries to combat inflammation, including joint inflammation in arthritis. However, scientific evidence of efficacy and mechanism of action and a systematic eva...
Computationally Efficient Direct Position Estimation via Low Duty-Cycling

Direct Position Estimation (DPE) is an unconventional GPS positioning technique that directly estimates the GPS navigation solution from the GPS raw signal. In our prior work, we have proposed and implemented a novel DPE receiver architecture that efficiently estimates and tracks a comprehensive underlying signal and navigation parameter set of threedimensional (3D) position, clock bias, 3D velocity and clock drift without additional aiding information from an external source. To further reduce the computational load of DPE, we propose low duty-cycling of our DPE receiver architecture. Our dutycycled DPE receiver algorithm consists of a computationally efficient DPE measurement update and a DPE time update that reduces the accumulation of signal tracking errors. Our DPE measurement update optimizes over navigation parameter subsets, combines and computes batch signal replica generation and correlation using Fast Fourier Transforms and estimates the navigation solution using a correlation-weighted mean. Our DPE time update iteratively predicts and updates the signal code phase and carrier doppler frequency parameters using updated satellite positions, velocities, clock biases and clock drifts calculated using the satellite broadcast ephemerides. We implemented our duty-cycled DPE receiver architecture using a commercial frontend and our software platform - PyGNSS. We conducted both static and dynamic open-sky experiments. From the signal tracking results of the static experiment, we demonstrate that our duty-cycled DPE receiver, with duty-cycling as low as 2%, shows similar performance to continuous DPE. From the positioning results of the dynamic experiment, w demonstrate that our duty-cycled DPE receiver, with duty-cycling as low as 2%, successfully tracks a moving vehicle; with an accuracy that outperforms continuous vector tracking under signal attenuation.
microMS: A Python Platform for Image-Guided Mass Spectrometry Profiling

Image-guided mass spectrometry (MS) profiling provides a facile framework for analyzing samples ranging from single cells to tissue sections. The fundamental workflow utilizes a whole-slide microscopy image to select targets of interest, determine their spatial locations, and subsequently perform MS analysis at those locations. Improving upon prior reported methodology, a software package was developed for working with microscopy images. microMS, for microscopy-guided mass spectrometry, allows the user to select and profile diverse samples using a variety of target patterns and mass analyzers. Written in Python, the program provides an intuitive graphical user interface to simplify image-guided MS for novice users. The class hierarchy of instrument interactions permits integration of new MS systems while retaining the feature-rich image analysis framework. microMS is a versatile platform for performing targeted profiling experiments using a series of mass spectrometers. The flexibility in mass analyzers greatly simplifies serial analyses of the same targets by different instruments. The current capabilities of microMS are presented, and its application for off-line analysis of single cells on three distinct instruments is demonstrated. The software has been made freely available for research purposes. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Tumor Viruses and p53

Viruses are potent oncogenic agents and are considered to link to approximately one-fifth of all human malignancies. The study of tumor viruses has provided fundamental bases of how normal cells become cancer cells. A number of virus-encoded oncogenes have been identified and their functions were characterized. One of the striking functional similarities of such virus oncogenes, especially the ones encoded by DNA tumor viruses, is that they bind to and inactivate tumor suppressor genes, such as p53 and pRb. In this chapter, I am going to summarize the function of virus oncogenes focusing on their interactions with p53.
The Recovery Effect with A Nonpictorial Stimulus

This study investigated whether the recovery effect—obtained increments in free recall following fantasy or free associations—is producible when the stimulus is a relatively meaningless array of letters rather than a picture. Experimental Ss completed the following sequence: (a) brief (20 msec.) stimulus presentation, (b) free recall, (c) free association of letters, (d) second free recall, and (e) forced recall. Dart Control Ss completed the same sequence except for the association task, throwing darts instead. A recovery effect was obtained in postassociational free recall. The effect, however, did not survive control over response number in the forced recall measure, substantiating a response criterion interpretation of the recovery effect.
Hybrid Symbolic-Neural Methods for Improved Recognition Using High-Level Visual Features

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses hybrid symbolic-neural methods for improved recognition using high-level visual features. Knowledge-based artificial neural networks (KBANN) is a hybrid learning system, making use of both symbolic and neural learning techniques. The approach taken by KBANN is to create knowledge-based neural networks (KNNs) that initially encode in their units and weights, the information contained in a set of symbolic rules. KNNs are made by establishing a mapping between domain theories composed of hierarchical sets of non-recursive, propositional rules and feed forward neural networks. This mapping defines the topology of the KNN as well as its initial link weights. By defining KNNs in this way, problems such as the choice of an initial network topology and the sensitivity of the network to its initial conditions are either eliminated or significantly reduced. Furthermore, unlike ANNs, KNNs have their attention initially focused upon features and combinations of features. Thus, they are less susceptible to spurious correlations in the training data. The experimental results indicate that KBANN can be used to improve roughly-correct information about the recognition of objects given high-level features. The results further indicate that while this roughly-correct information can result in initial performance that is worse than random guessing, its use as a basis for learning can significantly improve generalization by trained networks while reducing the time required for training. No claims about neurological plausibility are made, but it is expected that the approach characterized by KBANN will prove useful in interpreting the information derived by low-level vision systems.
Non-destructive geometric and refractive index characterization of single and multi-element lenses using optical coherence tomography

Design of optical imaging systems requires careful balancing of lens aberrations to optimize the point-spread function (PSF) and minimize field distortions. Aberrations and distortions are a result of both lens geometry and glass material. While most lens manufacturers provide optical models to facilitate system-level simulation, these models are often not reflective of true system performance because of manufacturing tolerances. Optical design can be further confounded when achromatic or proprietary lenses are employed. Achromats are ubiquitous in systems that utilize broadband sources due to their superior performance in balancing chromatic aberrations. Similarly, proprietary lenses may be custom-designed for optimal performance, but lens models are generally not available. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-contact, depth-resolved imaging with high axial resolution and sensitivity. OCT has been previously used to measure the refractive index of unknown materials. In a homogenous sample, the group refractive index is obtained as the ratio between the measured optical and geometric thicknesses of the sample. In heterogenous samples, a method called focus-tracking (FT) quantifies the effect of focal shift introduced by the sample. This enables simultaneous measurement of the thickness and refractive index of intermediate sample layers. Here, we extend the mathematical framework of FT to spherical surfaces, and describe a method based on OCT and FT for full characterization of lens geometry and refractive index. Finally, we validate our characterization method on commercially available singlet and doublet lenses.
Predicting Non-Deterministic Language Variation

Linguists have usually tried to analyze language deterministically. Cases of variation have long been recognized, but until the 1960s these cases were vaguely identified as “free variation”, a term which essentially meant that the behavior was non-deterministic. Labov and other sociolinguists have discovered many complex examples of language variation and have clearly demonstrated that language variation is not at all “free”, that many factors — both linguistic and social — affect the probability of a variant occurring. Moreover, the probabilistic behavior is not only found at the group level, but also in individual speakers. And no matter how many variables are considered, the probabilistic behavior cannot be reduced to deterministic explanation. For a good example of this, see Guy’s discussion of final /t,d/ deletion in English for which “variation is inherent, and cannot be scrubbed out of our linguistic description by ever-finer subdivisions of the data” (Guy 1980:11).
Is the Data Encryption Standard a Group?' (Preliminary Abstract)*'

The Data Encryption Standard (DES) defines an indexed set of permutations acting on the message space M = {0,1}64. If this set of permutations were closed under functional composition, then DES would be vulnerable to a known-plaintext attack that runs in 228 steps, on the average. It is unknown in the open literature whether or not DES has this weakness.
Educational Formalism and the Language of Goals in American Education, Educational Reform, and Educational History

Schools are better at expressing social goals than at operationalizing those goals in a manner that might actually realize them. School reform efforts are better at changing the rhetorical commitment of schools to particular educational goals than at bringing the teaching and learning in schools in line with these goals. And historical studies of education are better at identifying the evolving language of educational goals than at detailing the impact of these goals on the core pedagogical relation between teacher and student. Thus the language of goals dominates education, educational reform, and historical research on education. In this paper, I explore the central elements of education’s language fetish, the historical and sociological roots of this condition, and its consequences for education and society. The focus will be on American education; but much of the argument resonates with education in other settings, since it tries to tell a story about the social role that education is asked to play in modern liberal democracies.