cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope labeling and label-free proteomics of Drosophila parkin null mutants.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and formation of intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies (LBs). Loss-of-function mutations in parkin which encodes an E3 ubiqutin protein ligase contribute to a predominant cause of a familial form of PD termed autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism (AR-JP). Drosophila parkin null mutants display muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction, providing an animal model to study Parkin-associated molecular pathways in PD. To define protein alterations involved in Parkin pathogenesis, we performed quantitative proteomic analyses of Drosophila parkin null mutants and age-matched controls utilizing both global internal standard technology (GIST) and extracted ion chromatogram peak area (XICPA) label-free approaches. A total of 375 proteins were quantified with a minimum of two peptide identifications from the combination of the XICPA and GIST measurements applied to two independent biological replicates. Sixteen prote...
Robust pose estimation based on Sylvester’s equation: Single and multiple collaborative cameras

A method is introduced to track the object's motion and estimate its pose from multiple cameras. Firstly pose estimation from one camera is explained. We show that pose estimation from the corresponding feature points can be formed as a solution to Sylvester's equation. Furthermore, we develop a distributed solution, which indicates that pose estimation from multiple cameras can be obtained from the linear combination of results from each single camera. We relay on the results from other cameras to improve the estimate of the first one, and vice versa. Finally, the computer simulation experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm in robustness.
State Rules and Local Governance Choices

This article evaluates the impact that states have on local governance decisions. We suggest that when states impose constraints on less politically costly tools for funding local services cities turn to cooperation with other local governments. Cooperation is politically and administratively less desirable than other solutions to the problems associated with fragmentation: diseconomies of scale and jurisdictional externalities. But when states constrain those other mechanisms, the relative merits of cooperation increase. At the margins, more cities should cooperate and cooperate more deeply in such situations. Using a sample of 3,664 cities across 49 states, we find that in three examples of these policy tool tradeoffs, our theory is generally supported.
HER2 and Breast Cancer Stem Cells: More than Meets the Eye

The development of HER2 targeting agents has dramatically altered the natural history of HER2-positive breast cancer and is often cited as a prime example of the effectiveness of molecularly targeted therapy. Emerging data suggest that the remarkable clinical efficacy of these agents may be related to their ability to target the breast cancer stem cell (CSC) population. A new study suggests that the regulation of BCSCs by HER2 may extend to breast cancers that do not display HER2 gene amplification. In these tumors, HER2 is selectively expressed in the CSC population, and this expression is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. In mouse models, trastuzumab blocked growth of these HER2-negative tumors when administered in the adjuvant setting but had no effect on established tumors. These studies provide a potential biologic explanation for retrospective analysis of clinical trials, which surprisingly suggest that the clinical benefits of adjuvant trastuzumab may extend to women currently classified as HER2-negative. In addition to having significant implications for breast cancer therapy, these studies suggest the need to reevaluate the role of HER2 in regulating CSCs in other tumor types. Furthermore, these studies suggest that effective adjuvant therapies may need to target the CSC population.
Compressive Feature Learning

This paper addresses the problem of unsupervised feature learning for text data. Our method is grounded in the principle of minimum description length and uses a dictionary-based compression scheme to extract a succinct feature set. Specifically, our method finds a set of word k-grams that minimizes the cost of reconstructing the text losslessly. We formulate document compression as a binary optimization task and show how to solve it approximately via a sequence of reweighted linear programs that are efficient to solve and parallelizable. As our method is unsupervised, features may be extracted once and subsequently used in a variety of tasks. We demonstrate the performance of these features over a range of scenarios including unsupervised exploratory analysis and supervised text categorization. Our compressed feature space is two orders of magnitude smaller than the full k-gram space and matches the text categorization accuracy achieved in the full feature space. This dimensionality reduction not only results in faster training times, but it can also help elucidate structure in unsupervised learning tasks and reduce the amount of training data necessary for supervised learning.
Posterior Distribution of Percentiles: Bayes' Theorem for Sampling From a Population

A Bayesian approach to inference about the percentiles and other characteristics of a finite population is proposed. The approach does not depend upon, though it need not exclude, the use of parametric models.Some related questions concerning the existence of exchangeable distributions are considered. It is shown that there are no countably additive exchangeable distributions on the space of observations which give ties probability 0 and for which a next observation is conditionally equally likely to fall in any of the open intervals between successive order statistics of a given sample.
Conflict Asymmetry in CMC and F2F Teams: A Longitudinal, Multilevel Study

Conflict has been studied extensively. However, conflict researchers have neglected that people have varying perceptions of the same reality – “conflict about conflict”. Consistent with this idea, ...
The Future of Human Rights: From Gatekeeping to Symbiosis

The international human rights movement faces a context of uncertainty due to: (i) the rise of a multipolar world with new emerging powers, (ii) the emergence of new actors and legal and political strategies, (iii) the challenges and opportunities presented by information and communication technologies, as well as (iv) the threat posed by extreme environmental degradation. The author first reviews the critical literature on human rights, highlighting how these transformations are unsettling prevailing structures and practices in the human rights field such as: the hierarchical nature of traditional human rights discourse and movement, asymmetry between North and South organisations, over-legalisation of human rights language, and the lack of concrete assessments of human rights outcomes. The author identifies two responses to these critiques among human rights practitioners: denial that defends traditional boundaries and gatekeepers, on one hand, and reflexive reconstruction that reimagines practices and boundaries to generate productive symbiosis among diverse human rights actors, on the other. Overall, the author favours the latter approach, arguing that human rights practitioners should strive to create a human rights ecosystem. This approach seeks strengthen the collective capacity of the human rights movement by harnessing its diversity. Thus, a human rights ecosystem prioritizes collaboration and symbiosis with a much more varied range of actors and issues coupled with more decentralised and network-based forms of collaboration than that of previous decades.
Design and application of multimegawatt X-band deflectors for femtosecond electron beam diagnostics

Performance of the x-ray free electron laser Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and the Facility for Advanced Accelerator Experimental Tests (FACET) is determined by the properties of their extremely short electron bunches. Multi-GeV electron bunches in both LCLS and FACET are less than 100 fs long. Optimization of beam properties and understanding of free-electron laser operation require electron beam diagnostics with time resolution of about 10 fs. We designed, built and commissioned a set of high frequency $X$-band deflectors which can measure the beam longitudinal space charge distribution and slice energy spread to better than 10 fs resolution at full LCLS energy (14 GeV), and with 70 fs resolution at full FACET energy (20 GeV). Use of high frequency and high gradient in these devices allows them to reach unprecedented performance. We report on the physics motivation, design considerations, operational configuration, cold tests, and typical results of the $X$-band deflector systems currently in use at SLAC.
Testosterone Inhibition of Estradiol-Induced Stimulation of Adrenal 11β- and 18-Hydroxylation

SummaryAdrenal homogenates from intact and castrated male and female rats treated with 1 μg 17β-estradiol iv were tested for ability to convert exogenous DOC to B and 18-OH DOC. Estradiol, which causes a significant increase in hydroxylating capacity in intact female rats, produced no such increase in intact males. Orchiectomized males, however, responded to estradiol with increased ability to hydroxylate. The estradiol response was lost after administration of testosterone to both orchiectomized males and intact females.
Ebola Virus Stability Under Hospital and Environmental Conditions

The West African outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV) is largely contained, but sporadic new cases continue to emerge. To assess the potential contribution of fomites to human infections with EBOV, we tested EBOV stability in human blood spotted onto Sierra Leonean banknotes and in syringe needles under hospital and environmental conditions. Under some of these conditions, EBOV remained infectious for >30 days, indicating that EBOV-contaminated items may pose a serious risk to humans.
Bis(3,5‐di­methyl­pyrazole‐κN2)silver(I) nitrate

The two independent bis(3,5-di­methyl­pyrazole)silver(I) cations in crystalline [Ag(C5H7N2)2]NO3 display N—Ag—N angles of 175.51 (14) and 174.44 (13)°, and an average Ag—N distance of 2.124 (5) A. The nitrate anion is situated between [Ag(C5H7N2)2]+ units and interacts via hydrogen bonds with the NH groups. The two 3,5-di­methyl­pyrazole ligands are trans about the silver center. Only a small deviation from linearity is observed in the coordination around silver.
Nested matrices and inverse M-matrices

Given a sequence of real or complex numbers, we construct a sequence of nested, symmetric matrices. We determine the LU- and QR-factorizations, the determinant and the principal minors for such a matrix. When the sequence is real, positive and strictly increasing, the matrices are strictly positive, inverse M-matrices with symmetric, irreducible, tridiagonal inverses.
Magnetic Behavior of YBaCuO

Some of the most intriguing behavior of a superconducting medium pertain to its magnetic properties. An ideal plasma is just as highly conducting as a superconductor, but magnetically these are totally different systems. Indeed the statement, that it may be more accurate to regard a superconductor as a perfect diamagnet than a perfect conductor, has been attributed to John Bardeen. This pivotal role of magnetism makes it essential to understand the magnetic properties of superconductors.
Chapter 16 – Engineered Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrases for CO2 Capture

The need for efficient removal of CO 2 from industrial, agricultural, and biomedical applications has grown recently, from the flue gas emissions of coal-fired power plants to the blood of patients requiring artificial lungs. These needs have led to the development of carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) as a means of effective CO 2 capture. The α-CAs are attractive candidates for use in such systems because of their fast catalytic activity ∼10 8 M −1 s −1 and ease of expression, purification, and immobilization. This chapter describes the use and production of kinetically enhanced and/or thermostabilized CA variants to aid in the development of proficient and economical CO 2 capture systems. The applications of CAs in industrial and medical settings are discussed. This chapter will aim to cover the current status, accomplishments, and limitations in these fields.
The Bernoulli Map

In this chapter we study in detail the simplest example of a chaotic transformation for which we may construct a spectral decomposition of the Frobenius—Perron operator that explicitly incorporates the discrete, physical decay modes of the system. As we will see, this decomposition has elements belonging to a generalized functional space, which implies a restriction of the domain of the Frobenius—Perron operator to smooth densities. We give full details of the construction for this system since the main aspects of the analysis will be applicable to all the systems we will consider.
Opportunities for Education of Handicapped under Title I, Public Law 89-10

PL 89–10 and its amendment, TL 89–313, provide financial assistance for handicapped children programs. Funds are to be used for the expansion of existing programs and the initiation of new ones. Sample programs in curriculum adjustment and instruction, identification and evaluation, administration, and inservice training are presented.
A SCADA data based anomaly detection method for wind turbines

In this paper, a data driven method for Wind Turbine system level anomaly detection is proposed. Supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) data of a wind turbine is adopted and several parameters are selected based on physic knowledge and correlation coefficient analysis to build a normal behavior model. This model is based on Self-organizing map (SOM) which can project higher dimensional SCADA data into a two-dimension-map. After that, the Euclidean distance based indicator for system level anomalies is defined and a filter is created to screen out suspicious data points based on quantile function. Moreover, a failure data pattern based criterion is created for anomaly detection from system level. The method is tested with a two-month SCADA dataset with the measurement interval as 20 seconds. Results demonstrate capability and efficiency of the proposed method.
Should a Peripheral Nerve Block Be Placed in an Anticoagulated Patient

A 38-year-old female, G2P0010, 12 weeks pregnant, presents with an open right radial fracture after falling on a muddy sidewalk. She has a history of left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after taking oral contraceptives. Because of this, she was placed on subcutaneous enoxaparin sodium (a low molecular weight heparin), which she has injected every 12 h for the last 3 months. She took her last dose 5 h prior to her arrival at the hospital and reported her last meal as 6 h before her admission. She received morphine in the emergency room to alleviate her pain.
The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Post-Socialist Change

(2001). The Political Lives of Dead Bodies: Reburial and Post-Socialist Change. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 467-469.
Information Flow, Distributed Systems, and Refinement, by Example

Non-interference is one of the foundational notions of security stretching back to Goguen and Meseguer [3]. Roughly, a set of activities C is non-interfering with a set D if any possible behavior at D is compatible with anything that could have occurred at C. One also speaks of “no information flow” from C to D in this case. Many hands further developed the idea and its variants (e.g. [12, 15]), which also flourished within the process calculus context [1, 2, 6, 13]. A.W. Roscoe contributed a characteristically distinctive idea to this discussion, in collaboration with J. Woodcock and L. Wulf. The idea was that a system is secure for flow from C to D when, after hiding behaviors at the source C, the destination D experiences the system as deterministic [8, 11]. In the CSP tradition, a process is deterministic if, after engaging in a sequence t of events, it can refuse an event a, then it always refuses the event a after engaging in t [9].
Barium Titanate Film Interfaces for Hybrid Composite Energy Harvesters

Energy harvesting utilizing piezoelectric materials has become an attractive approach for converting mechanical energy into electrical power for low-power electronics. Structural composites are ideally suited for energy scavenging due to the large amount of mechanical energy they are subjected to. Here, a multifunctional composite with embedded sensing and energy harvesting is developed by integrating an active interface into carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. By modifying the composite matrix, both rigid and flexible multifunctional composites are fabricated. Through electromechanical testing of a cantilever beam of the rigid composite, it reveals a power density of 217 pW/cc from only 1 g root-mean-square acceleration when excited at its resonant frequency of 47 Hz. Electromechanical sensor testing of the flexible multifunctional composite reveals an average voltage generation of 23.5 mV/g at its resonant frequency of 96 Hz. This research introduces a route for integrating nonstructural functio...
Trophic designation and live coral cover predict changes in reef-fish community structure along a shallow to mesophotic gradient in Hawaii

Reef-fish community structure and habitat associations are well documented for shallow coral reefs ( 30 m). We documented the community structure of fishes and seafloor habitat composition through visual observations at depth intervals from 3 to 50 m in West Hawaii. Community structure changed gradually with depth, with more than 78% of fish species observed at mesophotic depths also found in shallow reef habitats. Depth explained 17% of the variation in reef-fish community structure; live coral cover explained 10% and prevalence of sand accounted for 7% of the fitted variation indicating that depth-related factors and coral habitat play a predominant role in structuring these communities. Differences in community structure also appear to be linked closely with feeding behavior. Trophic designation accounted for 31% of the fitted variation, with changes in herbivore abundance accounting for 10% of the variation. These findings suggest that changes in reef-fish community composition from shallow to mesophotic environments are largely influenced by trophic position, coral habitat and indirect effects of depth itself.
USB Storage Device Forensics for Windows 10

Significantly increased use of USB devices due to their user-friendliness and large storage capacities poses various threats for many users/companies in terms of data theft that becomes easier due to their efficient mobility. Investigations for such data theft activities would require gathering critical digital information capable of recovering digital forensics artifacts like date, time, and device information. This research gathers three sets of registry and logs data: first, before insertion; second, during insertion; and the third, after removal of a USB device. These sets are analyzed to gather evidentiary information from Registry and Windows Event log that helps in tracking a USB device. This research furthers the prior research on earlier versions of Microsoft Windows and compares it with latest Windows 10 system. Comparison of Windows 8 and Windows 10 does not show much difference except for new subkey under USB Key in registry. However, comparison of Windows 7 with latest version indicates significant variances.
Measuring and Interpreting Serum AAT Concentration

Deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is caused by mutations in the SERPINA1 gene that results in low concentrations of AAT in circulation. The low AAT concentration can result in uninhibited neutrophil elastase activity in the lung, leading to pulmonary tissue damage and lung disease. Clinical evaluation for possible AAT deficiency includes two critical components: measuring AAT concentration in serum and identification of AAT deficiency alleles. In this chapter the methods by which AAT concentration can be measured in the clinical laboratory are described. The two most common methodologies for AAT quantification employ immunometric techniques, specifically nephelometry and turbidimetry, which are both based on light scatter technology. The AAT in the patient sample is combined with an anti-AAT polyclonal antibody solution leading to polymer formation and a proportional amount of subsequent light scatter. Descriptions of each method are presented, and specifics of quality control and assay parameters are discussed. A special discussion focuses on interpretation of results in the context of the different AAT genetic phenotypes and in the context of patients with active inflammatory conditions. Emerging techniques for AAT quantitation by mass spectrometry are also described given that both AAT quantitation and allele identification can be performed on the same assay.
Risk factors and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute brain failure: A novel end point

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute brain failure (ABF) in a mixed medical and surgical cohort of critically ill patients and its effect on ICU & hospital mortality. Design Observational electronic medical record (EMR) based retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU between 2006 and 2013. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Patients Consecutive adult (> 18 years) critically ill patients admitted to medical and surgical ICUs. Patients admitted to the Neuroscience, Pediatric and Neonatal ICUs were excluded. Interventions None. Measurements and main results ABF was defined by the presence of delirium (positive CAM-ICU) or depressed level of consciousness (by abnormal GCS and FOUR scores) in the absence of deep sedation (RASS 8 and grade II if the GCS was ≤ 8 with or without delirium during the ICU hospitalization. ABF duration was not used for this study. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to access the factors associated with the development of ABF and its effect on short and long term mortality. Of 67,333 ICU patients included in the analysis, ABF was present in 30,610 (44.6%). Patients with ABF had an isolated delirium in 1985 (6.5%) patients, isolated depressed consciousness in 18,323 (59.9%), and both delirium and depressed consciousness in 10,302 (33.6%) patients. When adjusted for comorbidities and severity of illness ABF was associated with increased hospital (OR 3.47; 95% CI 3.19–3.79), and at one year (OR 2.36; 95% CI 2.24–2.50) mortality. Both hospital and one year mortality correlated with the increased severity of ABF. The factors most strongly associated with ABF were pre-admission dementia (OR 7.86; 95% CI 6.15–10.19) and invasive ventilation (OR 2.32; 95% CI 2.24–2.40) but older age, female sex, presence of liver disease, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, malignancy and COPD were also associated with increased risk of ABF. Conclusions ABF is a common complication of critical illness and is associated with increased short and long term mortality. The risk of ABF was particularly high in older patients with baseline dementia, COPD, diabetes, liver and renal disease and those treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.
Verifying the prevalence, properties, and congruent hydraulics of at-many-stations hydraulic geometry (AMHG) for rivers in the continental United States

Abstract Hydraulic geometry (HG) has long enabled daily discharge estimates, flood risk monitoring, and water resource and habitat assessments, among other applications. At-many-stations HG (AMHG) is a newly discovered form of HG with an evolving understanding. AMHG holds that there are temporally and spatially invariant (‘congruent’) depth, width, velocity, and discharge values that are shared by all stations of a river. Furthermore, these river-wide congruent hydraulics have been shown to link at-a-station HG (AHG) in space, contrary to previous expectation of AHG as spatially unpredictable. To date, AMHG has only been thoroughly examined on six rivers, and its congruent hydraulics are not well understood. To address the limited understanding of AMHG, we calculated AMHG for 191 rivers in the United States using USGS field-measured data from over 1900 gauging stations. These rivers represent nearly all geologic and climatic settings found in the continental U.S. and allow for a robust assessment of AMHG across scales. Over 60% of rivers were found to have AMHG with strong explanatory power to predict AHG across space (defined as r2 > 0.6, 118/191 rivers). We also found that derived congruent hydraulics bear little relation to their observed time-varying counterparts, and the strength of AMHG did not correlate with any available observed or congruent hydraulic parameters. We also found that AMHG is expressed at all fluvial scales in this study. Some statistically significant spatial clusters of rivers with strong and weak AMHG were identified, but further research is needed to identify why these clusters exist. Thus, this first widespread empirical investigation of AMHG leads us to conclude that AMHG is indeed a widely prevalent natural fluvial phenomenon, and we have identified linkages between known fluvial parameters and AMHG. Our work should give confidence to future researchers seeking to perform the necessary detailed hydraulic analysis of AMHG.
Post-treatment surveillance testing of patients with colorectal cancer and the association with survival: protocol for a retrospective cohort study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database

Introduction Although the colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rate has significantly improved over the past several decades, many patients will have a recurrence following curative treatment. Despite this high risk of recurrence, adherence to CRC surveillance testing guidelines is poor which increases cancer-related morbidity and potentially, mortality. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with varying surveillance strategies have yielded conflicting evidence regarding the survival benefit associated with surveillance testing. However, due to differences in study protocols and limitations of sample size and length of follow-up, the RCT may not be the best study design to evaluate this relationship. An observational comparative effectiveness research study can overcome the sample size/follow-up limitations of RCT designs while assessing real-world variability in receipt of surveillance testing to provide much needed evidence on this important clinical issue. The gap in knowledge that this study will address concerns whether adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network CRC surveillance guidelines improves survival. Methods and analysis Patients with colon and rectal cancer aged 66–84 years, who have been diagnosed between 2002 and 2008 and have been included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database, are eligible for this retrospective cohort study. To minimise bias, patients had to survive at least 12 months following the completion of treatment. Adherence to surveillance testing up to 5 years post-treatment will be assessed in each year of follow-up and overall. Binomial regression will be used to assess the association between patients’ characteristics and adherence. Survival analysis will be conducted to assess the association between adherence and 5-year survival. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the National Cancer Institute and the Institutional Review Board of the University of Central Florida. The results of this study will be disseminated by publishing in the peer-reviewed scientific literature, presentation at national/international scientific conferences and posting through social media.
Disease Models, Part I: Graphical Models

Scientists building models of the world by necessity abstract away features not directly relevant to their line of inquiry. Furthermore, complete knowledge of relevant features is not generally possible. The mathematical formalism that has proven to be the most successful at simultaneously abstracting the irrelevant, while effectively summarizing incomplete knowledge, is probability theory. First studied in the context of analyzing games of chance, probability theory has flowered into a mature mathematical discipline today whose tools, methods, and concepts permeate statistics, engineering, and social and empirical sciences. A key insight, discovered multiple times independently during the 20th century, but refined, generalized, and popularized by computer scientists, is that there is a close link between probabilities and graphs. This link allows numerical, quantitative relationships such as conditional independence found in the study of probability to be expressed in a visual, qualitative way using the language of graphs. As human intuitions are more readily brought to bear in visual rather than algebraic and computational settings, graphs aid human comprehension in complex probabilistic domains. This connection between probabilities and graphs has other advantages as well - for instance the magnitude of computational resources needed to reason about a particular probabilistic domain can be read from a graph representing this domain. Finally, graphs provide a concise and intuitive language for reasoning about causes and effects. In this chapter, we explore the basic laws of probability, the relationship between probability and causation, the way in which graphs can be used to reason about probabilistic and causal models, and finally how such graphical models can be learned from data. The application of these graphs to formalize observations and knowledge about disease are provided.
Increasing the Speed of Computers Using Optics

The speed at which digital electronic circuits can be made to operate is approaching practical limits. Optics, because of its ability to communicate many signals in parallel channels at the speed of light, and without crosstalk, may ultimately increase computing speeds by orders of magnitude.
Fast Coarsening and Steady States in a Low-Dimensional Driven System

We discuss steady states and domain growth properties of two species of particles diffusing on a ring, or two coupled rings. Driven in opposite directions by a bias, the particles form clusters, due to an excluded volume interaction. Remarkably, the “one-lane” system remains disordered, displaying numerous small clusters while the “two-lane” system continues to coarsen until only a single macroscopic cluster survives. In the coarsening regime, the average cluster size increases significantly faster than in a purely diffusion-limited mechanism, even though the scaling form of the cluster size distribution remains consistent with such growth. Recent conjectures, suggesting that the two-lane system should revert to disorder in the thermodynamic limit, will be reviewed.
Bone Overgrowth Causing Proximal Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction.

Background Hydrocephalus is an international disease process that is commonly treated surgically with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. This device may be prone to malfunction, most commonly from obstruction, disconnection, or infection. Case Description A 35-year-old female with hydrocephalus and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt presented with altered mental status and imaging concerning for a shunt malfunction. Intraoperatively, she was found to have bone growing over and compressing the proximal occluder of the shunt valve, causing a mechanical obstruction. Removal of the bone allowed for egress of cerebrospinal fluid and return of proper shunt function. The patient did well postoperatively. Conclusion Hydrocephalus, ventriculoperitoneal shunts, and shunt revisions represent a significant health burden and cost. Here we present an unusual cause of a shunt malfunction caused by bony overgrowth.
A Diel Method of Estimating Gross Primary Production: 1. Validation With a Realistic Numerical Model of Chesapeake Bay

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123(11), (2018): 8411-8429, doi: 10.1029/2018JC014178.
YAP/TAZ as a Novel Regulator of cell volume

How mammalian cells regulate their physical size is currently poorly understood, in part due to the difficulty of accurately quantifying cell volume in a high throughput manner. Here, using the fluorescence exclusion method, we demonstrate that the mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators YAP (Yes-associated protein) and TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) are novel regulators of single cell volume. We report that the role of YAP/TAZ in cell volume regulation must go beyond its influence on total cell cycle duration or the cell shape to explain the observed changes in volume. Moreover, for our experimental conditions, volume regulation by YAP/TAZ is independent of mTOR. Instead, we find YAP/TAZ directly impacts the cell division volume. Based on the idea that YAP/TAZ is a mechanosensor, we find that inhibiting the assembly of myosin and cell tension slows cell cycle progression from G1 to S. These results suggest that YAP/TAZ and the Hippo pathway may be modulating cell volume in combination with cytoskeletal tension during cell cycle progression.
Fitness Attributes of Bacterial and Fungal Seed Endophytes of Tall Fescue

Increased fitness in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is attributed to infection by Epichloe coenophiala. However, plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria also increase the fitness of many host plants, and PGP bacteria have been shown to dominate the phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome of E. coenophiala-infected (E+) tall fescue. Because E. coenophialum lives endophytically in tall fescue seeds, we hypothesized that PGP bacteria also live within the seeds and could provide fitness advantages to the host. Endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-free (E−) Kentucky-31 tall fescue seeds were surface sterilized to remove epiphytic bacteria. Surface sterilized and non-surface sterilized control plants of each type were cultivated for 6 weeks before withholding water to simulate drought. Normal watering was resumed after 4 days. Plant recovery of each group was measured by assigning a numerical value to tillers based on the state of decline. Surface-sterilized E+ plants were unable to recover as efficiently as E+ controls but outperformed both E− groups. Additionally, total 16S amplified DNA extracted from each seed type was analyzed with Illumina sequencing to assess the internal microbial communities from E+ and E− seeds as well as the seed coat microbiome. E+ seeds have lower diversity of endophytic bacterial species and are dominated by Pseudomonadaceae. Further, several of the seed endophytes are PGP bacterial strains.
Flight Performance Analysis of the CYGNSS MicroSatellites from On-Orbit Telemetry

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System constellation of eight micro-satellites in low-Earth orbit was designed to provide continuous, gap-free coverage for hurricane forecasting and monitoring throughout the life-cycle of a tropical storm. To provide the capability, the spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control System must accurately and reliably slew and hold its attitude - and by extension, its payload data collection antennae - to prescribed knowledge and pointing requirements. The CYGNSS constellation launched in December 2016 and has been collecting and serving data since the start of the tropical storm period in 2017. This paper presents the flight performance of the ADCS system in key ADCS modes and compares its on-orbit performance to its design and simulation predicted responses. Flight telemetry analysis uncovered an anomaly in one of the ADCS modes that interfered with the spacecraft's observatory mode and induced a sustained, once-per-orbit pitch oscillation in all eight spacecraft. This anomaly was conjectured to trace to a spurious magnetic dipole induced on the spacecraft due to some electrical effects in the main power circuitry. This root-cause analysis is summarised in this paper as is the retuning that was undertaken on the estimation and control system parameters to improve disturbance prediction and rejection within the existing ADCS architecture. Data is presented from spacecraft simulations as well as flight, before and after the redesign, that shows the efficacy of the redesigned ADCS system to reject the spurious, anomalous disturbance and recover the required performance.
Comparing the performance of statistical methods that generalize effect estimates from randomized controlled trials to much larger target populations

Policymakers use results from randomized controlled trials to inform decisions about whether to implement treatments in target populations. Various methods—including inverse probability weighting, ...
Design Copyright in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry: Review of History, Pitfalls, and Lessons Learned

AbstractInnovation and technological developments are integral parts of the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. While AEC practitioners strive to have unique projects, there...
Creating an educational tool that uses interactive representations to provide a new approach to mathematics learning

The paper describes an implementation of research done over several years, by me and in some cases others, at Stanford University and elsewhere. The implementation comprised the design, building, testing, and marketing of a digital educational technology platform to provide a supplementary tool for explorative mathematics learning and assessment.
Differences in Daily Voice Use Measures Between Female Patients With Nonphonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction and Matched Controls.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and impact on daily voice use of nonphonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (NPVH). Method An am...
Development of a Walking Dummy Reproducible Fall Sign Patterns of Wearable Walking Support Devices

Typical fall sign patterns of the wearer of a wearable walking support device were extracted by walking experiments, and, to realize these typical fall sign patterns, a lower body walking dummy with a dummy cut-off mechanism was developed. The wearable walking support device as the test object is fitted on the walking dummy. This dummy is held in the upright position by a restraint, and made to walk on a treadmill.
HER2 Isoforms Uniquely Program Intratumor Heterogeneity and Predetermine Breast Cancer Trajectories During the Occult Tumorigenic Phase

HER2-positive breast cancers are among the most heterogeneous breast cancer subtypes. The early amplification of HER2 and its known oncogenic isoforms provide a plausible mechanism in which distinct programs of tumor heterogeneity could be traced to the initial oncogenic event. Here a Cancer rainbow mouse simultaneously expressing fluorescently barcoded wildtype (WTHER2), exon-16 null (d16HER2), and N-terminally truncated (p95HER2) HER2 isoforms is used to trace tumorigenesis from initiation to invasion. Tumorigenesis was visualized using whole-gland fluorescent lineage tracing and single-cell molecular pathology. We demonstrate that within weeks of expression, morphologic aberrations were already present and unique to each HER2 isoform. Although WTHER2 cells were abundant throughout the mammary ducts, detectable lesions were exceptionally rare. In contrast, d16HER2 and p95HER2 induced rapid tumor development. d16HER2 incited homogenous and proliferative luminal-like lesions which infrequently progressed to invasive phenotypes whereas p95HER2 lesions were heterogenous and invasive at the smallest detectable stage. Distinct cancer trajectories were observed for d16HER2 and p95HER2 tumors as evidenced by oncogene-dependent changes in epithelial specification and the tumor microenvironment. These data provide direct experimental evidence that intratumor heterogeneity programs begin very early and well in advance of screen or clinically detectable breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Although all HER2 breast cancers are treated equally, we show a mechanism by which clinically undetected HER2 isoforms program heterogenous cancer phenotypes through biased epithelial specification and adaptations within the tumor microenvironment.
Ethical Profiling

This essay will argue for ethical procedures governing criminal profiling. A model based upon psychological/behavioral data, witness data, and forensic profiling data is sketched out. This model fits the legitimate uses of criminal profiling as an investigation procedure. Racial profiling as a primary sorting factor does not fit the preferred model and has significant downsides and so is rejected as a primary sorting mechanism in criminal investigation procedure.
Handbook of Occupational Therapy for Adults with Physical Disabilities

The clinical world of occupational therapy requires the expeditious integration of anatomy, body systems, evaluations, and interventions. More often than not, textbooks and journals are not readily...
Real-Time and Interactive MRI

Free of ionizing radiation, unlike x-ray, CT, and PET, MRI is recognized as an ideal tool to monitor and control interventions. Its advantages include a superior spatial resolution and soft tissue contrast to help delineate tissue abnormality and the ability to provide cross-sectional images in any orientation. It is also able to noninvasively monitor temperature changes, making it ideal for monitoring energy deposition during thermal ablation. To leverage these advantages in various types of interventions, a number of groups have made and continue to make efforts to exploit MRI in the operating room. Interventional MRI differs from diagnostic MRI in its interactive and real-time nature whereby the progress of intervention is instantly visualized by the physician as feedback. To this end, imaging parameters may often require adjustment so that position and orientation of the imaging plane track the locations of needles and catheters or movement of a focal lesion during a procedure. Since there are trade-offs to be made in image contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution when choosing MRI techniques, they must be carefully selected depending on their purpose. In this chapter, we review a wide range of imaging techniques that enable interactive and real-time MRI for interventional guidance.
Nationalism at a micro-scale

Abstract Studies of national separatist movements have tended to emphasize the conditions under which these movements arise at the macro-scale of the nation-state. What is often missing is an examination of the day-to-day mechanisms by which the spatial boundaries between groups are maintained at the micro-scale. In this paper, the author focuses on how the patterns of spatial and institutional segregation among French- and English-speakers in Montreal Island combine to reinforce the boundaries between the two national groups. While established along denominational lines, education has historically divided the two language communities on Montreal Island, supplementing the prevailing patterns of residential segregation. This aspect has also made education an especially divisive political issue and has been the focus of provincial efforts to alter Montreal's linguistic balance both socially and demographically.
The Role of Quality Tools in Improving Satisfaction with Government

This article presents the results of a study in a city in the western United States. The authors found that city employees believed that quality knowledge was necessary for improving quality. Resul...
Collective sampling and analysis of high order tensors for chatroom communications

This work investigates the accuracy and efficiency tradeoffs between centralized and collective (distributed) algorithms for (i) sampling, and (ii) n-way data analysis techniques in multidimensional stream data, such as Internet chatroom communications. Its contributions are threefold. First, we use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test to show that statistical differences between real data obtained by collective sampling in time dimension from multiple servers and that of obtained from a single server are insignificant. Second, we show using the real data that collective data analysis of 3-way data arrays (users x keywords x time) known as high order tensors is more efficient than centralized algorithms with respect to both space and computational cost. Furthermore, we show that this gain is obtained without loss of accuracy. Third, we examine the sensitivity of collective constructions and analysis of high order data tensors to the choice of server selection and sampling window size. We construct 4-way tensors (users x keywords x time x servers) and analyze them to show the impact of server and window size selections on the results.
Duplicity Among Young Stars in Chamaeleon

We present infrared imaging results of young stars in Cha I and II clouds that show either extended structure or a nearby neighboring star. Both regions appear to show high incidence rates of pairs. After excluding possible background stars, as judged from their brightness, color, or the local stellar surface number density, a frequency of 10% is deduced for binaries in Cha I with separations 2-5″, which is comparable to that in Taurus and to that of main sequence field stars.
Software Infrastructure for Ubiquitous Computing Environments: Supporting Synchronous Collaboration with Heterogeneous Devices

In ubiquitous computing environments, multiple users work with a wide range of different devices. In many cases, users interact and collaborate using multiple heterogeneous devices at the same time. The configuration of the devices should be able to change frequently due to a highly dynamic, flexible and mobile nature of new work practices. This produces new requirements for the architecture of an appropriate software infrastructure. In this paper, an architecture designed to meet these requirements is proposed. To test its applicability, this architecture was used as the basis for the implementation of BEACH, the software infrastructure of i-LAND (the ubiquitous computing environment at GMD-IPSI). It provides the functionality for synchronous cooperation and interaction with roomware components, i.e. room elements with integrated information technology. In conclusion, our experiences with the current implementation are presented.
Removal of calcium ions triggers a novel type of intercadherin interaction.

Depletion of Ca(2+) ions from epithelial cell cultures has been shown to result in the rapid destruction of intercellular junctions. To understand the mechanism of this effect we have examined how removal of calcium ions from the culture medium of A-431 epithelial cells affects complexes incorporating the cell-cell adhesive receptors, E-cadherin, desmoglein or desmocollin. Sedimentation and biochemical analysis demonstrated that calcium removal triggers a rapid formation of a novel type of complex formed via direct lateral E-cadherin-desmoglein, E-cadherin-desmocollin and desmoglein-desmocollin dimerization of the extracellular cadherin regions. Replacement of Trp(156) and Val(157) of E-cadherin, that has been shown to abolish lateral and adhesive E-cadherin homodimerization in standard cultures, did not influence the formation of these ‘calcium-sensitive’ complexes. Furthermore, experiments with this mutant revealed that EGTA induced lateral Trp(156)/Val(157)-independent homodimerization of E-cadherin. Deletion mutagenesis of E-cadherin showed that these complexes are mediated by at least two extracellular cadherin domains, EC3 and EC4. Notably, protein kinase inhibitor H-7 which confers EGTA-independence of the adhesive E-cadherin complexes does not block this association. We propose that this novel type of intercadherin interaction is involved in the assembly of adherens junctions and their disassembly in low-calcium medium.