cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical Therapist Management of Tuberculous Arthritis of the Elbow

Background and Purpose. Tuberculous arthritis is not commonly seen by physical therapists in the United States. The purpose of this case report is to describe a case of tuberculous arthritis of the elbow. Case Description. The patient was a 36-year-old man referred for physical therapist evaluation and intervention for chronic elbow pain. After an evaluation and a trial of physical therapy, the patient was referred back to a primary care provider for additional tests to rule out systemic pathology. An open debridement of the synovium and a biopsy of the capitellum and radial head was positive for acid-fast bacilli, which was later identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Outcomes. The patient was placed on a 4-drug antituberculosis regimen that resolved all patient complaints and restored full elbow function. Discussion. Tuberculous arthritis has characteristic findings during examination and in diagnostic tests. Although tuberculous arthritis is uncommon, it should be considered when patients have chronic or vague musculoskeletal complaints.
Cardiac pathological conditions in young soldiers: case series.

ABSTRACT We briefly review the disease processes for four young healthy soldiers who presented to our emergency department with serious cardiac pathological conditions. We present two unusual cases of myocardial infarction, a coronary artery aneurysm, and a case of smallpox vaccine-induced myocarditis/pericarditis. Our intent is to encourage others in military medicine to maintain a high index of suspicion for cardiac conditions even in a relatively young healthy population.
Human selective learning as a joint function of response alternation and response availability.

80 college Ss, divided equally between 2-choice and 4-choice tasks on the Selective Mathometer, practiced 20-unit S-R sequences for 30 trials by the correction method. Stimuli were 20 random dot patterns, all Ss being run under different alternating-response permutations. Each 2-choice key was assigned to 10 different slides, each 4-choice key to 5 different slides. Half the 2-choice Ss practiced on adjacent keys, half on remote. Key spacing was not significant but response availability differences, as predicted, produced superior performance for the 2-choice task. Practice, availability, and their interaction were all significant, p 98%) consistent with the rational parameters of asymptote (a), initial probability (i), and rate (r). Mean latencies (Rt) of correct responses and mean errors (R-) decreased as negatively-accelerated functions of N. All main effects an...
Fiber depolarizers using polarization-preserving fibers

With the increasing availability of polarization preserving fibers it becomes feasible to construct all-fiber depolarizers. The polarization preserving fibers are used as birefringent elements in multi- section cascaded birefringent filters.1–4 Such depolarizers are useful in improving the stability of fiber interferometric sensors by use of narrow (but nonzero) bandwidth light sources. An example is the use of superluminescent diodes as sources for fiber-optic gyros. In this case, the depolarizer improves gyro performance by reducing coherent fiber backscattering.
Inequality, Exploitation, and Justice in the International SystemReconciling Divergent Expectations

Some effort to articulate practical norms for the relationship between rich and poor countries seems particularly necessary in an international system dominated by so many conflicting values and interests. The norms are designed not only to facilitate current interactions (e.g., norms on participation and restraint), but also to set the whole context of rich-poor relations in a more beneficial long-term perspective (e.g., the norms on morality and justice). Other norms relate to the issues of nonintervention and leadership. Some attention is also given to the characteristics that might make the norms more attractive to governments and political leaders. Finally, an effort is also made to indicate briefly the relationship between improvements in the international system and improvements in domestic performance by the developing countries.
Ba2+, TEA+, and quinine effects on apical membrane K+ conductance and maxi K+ channels in gallbladder epithelium

The apical membrane of Necturus gallbladder epithelium contains a voltage-activated K+ conductance [Ga(V)]. Large-conductance (maxi) K+ channels underlie Ga(V) and account for 17% of the membrane conductance (Ga) under control conditions. We examined the Ba2+, tetraethylammonium (TEA+), and quinine sensitivities of Ga and single maxi K+ channels. Mucosal Ba2+ addition decreased resting Ga in a concentration-dependent manner (65% block at 5 mM) and decreased Ga(V) in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner. Mucosal TEA+ addition also decreased control Ga (60% reduction at 5 mM). TEA+ block of Ga(V) was more potent and less voltage dependent that Ba2+ block. Maxi K+ channels were blocked by external Ba2+ at millimolar levels and by external TEA+ at submillimolar levels. At 0.3 mM, quinine (mucosal addition) hyperpolarized the cell membranes by 6 mV and reduced the fractional apical membrane resistance by 50%, suggesting activation of an apical membrane K+ conductance. At 1 mM, quinine both activated and blocked K(+)-conductive pathways. Quinine blocked maxi K+ channel currents at submillimolar concentrations. We conclude that 1) Ba2+ and TEA+ block maxi K+ channels and other K+ channels underlying resting Ga; 2) parallels between the Ba2+ and TEA+ sensitivities of Ga(V) and maxi K+ channels support a role for these channels in Ga(V); and 3) quinine has multiple effects on K(+)-conductive pathways in gallbladder epithelium, which are only partially explained by block of apical membrane maxi K+ channels.
Dirofilariasis Presenting as an Infiltrative Mass in the Right Buccal Space

Dirofilariasis is caused by filarial nematodes (roundworms) of the genus Dirofilaria Dirofilariasis of the oral mucosa is very rare. Herein, we report a case of a 79-year-old man who had a slowly growing infiltrative mass in the right buccal space. Histopathologic examination showed an inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilia, histiocytes, and small organisms (0.2-0.3 mm). Digital images were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which identified the parasite as a nematode in the genus Dirofilaria It appeared to be dead and degenerating, but external, fine longitudinal cuticular ridges and the presence of tall muscle cells were diagnostic. Thus, Dirofilaria, despite its rarity, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like lesions in the buccal mucosa.
Materialism, Determinism, and Economics: An Overview

By uncritically embracing materialism in the mistaken belief that this commitment is an intrinsic element of the scientific method, economics and the other social sciences have taken a wrong turn. The world of inanimate matter is the purview of the natural sciences, but carrying a materialist orientation over to the study of the human and social realms sets off a cascading series of oversimplifications, misconceptions, and outright fallacies that cumulatively can be fatal to genuine understanding.
A Note on the Text

The period of American literary realism was a time when writers were willing to write what publishers were unwilling to publish. Few works better illustrate this truism than Stephen Crane’s Maggie. Publishing the work himself, Crane avoided the editorial cleansing that unquestionably would have taken place had a commercial press accepted the work. The 1893 text closely represents the work as Crane intended it. Once he achieved fame with the publication of The Red Badge of Courage in 1895, that work’s publisher, D. Appleton and Co., asked Crane for another work they might publish, and he offered them Maggie. Though Appleton was anxious to capitalize on the fame Red Badge created, the firm was unwilling to publish Maggie as Crane originally had written it. For the 1896 edition, they cleaned up the printing errors, yet they also cleaned up Crane’s language and his imagery, deleting expletives and expurgating important descriptive passages that had been part of the 1893 Maggie. Despite the changes and deletions, the watered-down version helped further Crane’s reputation, and the 1893 first edition text was forgotten. Reprints through the 1950s all were based on the 1896 Appleton edition. Not until Joseph Katz’s 1966 article “The Maggie Nobody Knows” was the 1893 version recognized as the superior text.
Stroke Hospitalizations and Risk Factors

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA determined rates of acute stroke hospitalization and the prevalence of stroke risk factors among children and young adults hospitalized for acute stroke, 1995-2008.
A second-order iterated smoothing algorithm

Simulation-based inference for partially observed stochastic dynamic models is currently receiving much attention due to the fact that direct computation of the likelihood is not possible in many practical situations. Iterated filtering methodologies enable maximization of the likelihood function using simulation-based sequential Monte Carlo filters. Doucet et al. (2013) developed an approximation for the first and second derivatives of the log likelihood via simulation-based sequential Monte Carlo smoothing and proved that the approximation has some attractive theoretical properties. We investigated an iterated smoothing algorithm carrying out likelihood maximization using these derivative approximations. Further, we developed a new iterated smoothing algorithm, using a modification of these derivative estimates, for which we establish both theoretical results and effective practical performance. On benchmark computational challenges, this method beat the first-order iterated filtering algorithm. The method’s performance was comparable to a recently developed iterated filtering algorithm based on an iterated Bayes map. Our iterated smoothing algorithm and its theoretical justification provide new directions for future developments in simulation-based inference for latent variable models such as partially observed Markov process models.
Teaching NeuroImages: Homotopic motor distribution on fMRI in closed-lip schizencephaly

A 16-year-old boy with intractable focal epilepsy with preserved awareness and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder underwent evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy onset occurred at age 5 years; seizures arise from sleep and are characterized by right arm extension with preserved consciousness. Ictal EEG has no clear localization or lateralization. MRI brain demonstrates bifrontal closed-lip schizencephaly. Functional MRI (fMRI) shows homotopic distribution of tongue/finger/foot motor function at the edge of and along the depth of the schizencephalic cleft, supported by intracranial mapping (figures 1 and 2). fMRI is a reliable tool to identify the eloquent cortex in the planning for epilepsy surgery.1,2
Sinus Headache, Migraine, and the Otolaryngologist: An Introduction

Recent studies and reviews have shown that migraine is both the most common cause of “sinus headache” complaints as well as the most common cause of vertigo complaints in otolaryngology offices. Despite this, the diagnosis and management of migraine is still not a part of the curriculum in the vast majority of otolaryngology and allergy training programs. This volume is an attempt to rectify the paucity of training materials available regarding migraine with a focus on ENT and allergy patients, and will provide a framework for further study. It is also intended to provide a practical “handbook” for practitioners in these specialties, where often training in migraine management has been absent or deficient.
Towards simulation of parallel file system scheduling algorithms with PFSsim

Many high-end computing (HEC) centers and commercial data centers adopt parallel file systems (PFSs) as their storage solutions. As the number of applications concurrently accessing a PFS grows in both quantity and variety, it is expected that scheduling algorithms for data access will play an increasingly important role in PFS service quality. However, it is costly and disruptive to thoroughly research scheduling mechanisms in deployed petaor exascale systems, compounded by the complexity in scheduling policy implementation and experimental data gathering. While a few parallel file system simulation frameworks have been proposed (e.g., [1,2]), their goals have not been in the scheduling algorithm evaluation. In this paper, we propose PFSsim, a simulator designed for the purpose of evaluating I/O scheduling algorithms in PFS. PFSsim is a tracedriven simulator based on the network simulation framework OMNeT++ [23] and the disk system simulator DiskSim [21]. A flexible scheduler module is provided for scheduling algorithm deployment, and the system characteristics are highly configurable. We have simulated PVFS2 on PFSsim, and the experimental results show that PFSsim is capable of simulating the system characteristics and showing the performance of the scheduling algorithms.
THE BENIGN NATURE OF DISCHARGE HYPONATREMIA IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH NORMAL ADMISSION SODIUM: ANALYSIS FROM THE ESCAPE TRIAL

Background: We explored the significance of hyponatremia on discharge in patients with normal admission sodium in the ESCAPE trial Methods: Characteristics and outcomes of HF patients with normal admission Na were compared according to whether they were hyponatremic or normonatremic on discharge
Damage performance of ion beam sputtered Sc 2 O 3 and HfO 2 single layers tested in air and ultra-high vacuum

Results of a study of laser induced damage of ion beam sputtered single layers and capped single layers of Sc2O3, HfO2 and Ta2O5 in a controlled atmosphere and in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) show the choice of material is paramount to achieving the best performance.
Zeolites and Other Microporous Materials

Abstract Zeolites constitute a major group of microporous materials, rapidly expanding in terms of chemistry and available topologies. Four major opportunities to expand both of these variables are discussed. The increasing availability of alternate and competitive materials, such as intercalated and pillared layered compounds, such as clays, silicic acids, phosphates and titanates, present many new opportunities, particularly in the pore range to 20a. With increasing interest in separation and catalysis of larger molecules, an awareness of the availability and applicability of such options as carbons, gels, colloid mixtures and ceramics, expands the problems solvable with “molecular sieves”.
High-Resistivity CMOS SOI Rectenna for Implantable Applications

The design and near-field characterization of an integrated rectenna on Globalfoundries 45-nm CMOS SOI technology are presented. The rectenna is intended for short range (below 8 cm) wireless powering and communication of integrated sensor systems and occupies an area of $700~\mu \text{m} \,\, \times 620~\mu \text{m}$ . Upon utilizing high (low)-resistivity Si substrate, the rectenna provides 1.2 (1.25) mW of dc power 1.1 (1.17) V rectified dc output voltage from a 0.95-GHz source with only 18 (30) dBm power feeding a horn antenna with 6-dB gain placed at a short distance (<5 mm) from the antenna. Efficient wireless power transfer at various applied powers and distances and through a 1-cm-thick chicken breast is demonstrated.
Negative-Mass Instability of the Spin and Motion of an Atomic Gas Driven by Optical Cavity Backaction

We realize a spin-orbit interaction between the collective spin precession and center-of-mass motion of a trapped ultracold atomic gas, mediated by spin- and position-dependent dispersive coupling to a driven optical cavity. The collective spin, precessing near its highest-energy state in an applied magnetic field, can be approximated as a negative-mass harmonic oscillator. When the Larmor precession and mechanical motion are nearly resonant, cavity mediated coupling leads to a negative-mass instability, driving exponential growth of a correlated mode of the hybrid system. We observe this growth imprinted on modulations of the cavity field and estimate the full covariance of the resulting two-mode state by observing its transient decay during subsequent free evolution.
Prediction of recurrence in early stage non-small cell lung cancer using computer extracted nuclear features from digital H&E images.

Identification of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high risk of recurrence could help identify patients who would receive additional benefit from adjuvant therapy. In this work, we present a computational histomorphometric image classifier using nuclear orientation, texture, shape, and tumor architecture to predict disease recurrence in early stage NSCLC from digitized H&E tissue microarray (TMA) slides. Using a retrospective cohort of early stage NSCLC patients (Cohort #1, n = 70), we constructed a supervised classification model involving the most predictive features associated with disease recurrence. This model was then validated on two independent sets of early stage NSCLC patients, Cohort #2 (n = 119) and Cohort #3 (n = 116). The model yielded an accuracy of 81% for prediction of recurrence in the training Cohort #1, 82% and 75% in the validation Cohorts #2 and #3 respectively. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard model of Cohort #2, incorporating gender and traditional prognostic variables such as nodal status and stage indicated that the computer extracted histomorphometric score was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 20.81, 95% CI: 6.42–67.52, P < 0.001).
Lagrangian Modelling of Dispersion in the Planetary Boundary Layer of Particulate Released by a Line Source

Formulating and solving the diffusion-deposition-resuspension problem of particulate released in the planetary boundary layer is of primary importance in assessing their environmental impact. Solid particles are originated, as it is well-known, both by industrial processes (releases from industrial stacks) and by natural processes (e.g. formation of aerosols droplets by chemical reactions in the atmosphere). The physical mechanisms governing the evolution of particles in the atmosphere have been largely investigated in recent years both in laboratory studies and on the field. For instance, as far as the mechanism of dry deposition is concerned, a detailed review of available results has been compiled by Sehmel (Sehmel G.A., 1980). Modelling of dispersion of solid particles has been generally achieved by suitable modifications of the models available to treat dispersion of gaseous pollutants. Most of these models are therefore based on the Gaussian formulation and are the most used in real world applications. More complex modelling based on the eddy-diffusivity approximation has been recently developed to study the evolution of particles in the plumes of coal-fired power plants (see e.g. Hobbs et al., 1979). This complex model includes, besides the usual mechanisms of advection and diffusion, significant phenomena as particle coagulation, and gas-to-particle conversion both in homogeneous and in heterogeneous phase.
Risk in Serial Conflicts, Evolution, Intelligence and Chaos

This paper deals with some consequences and generalizations of Allais‘ work and especially of his risk theory. Allais’ dynamic view of the social sciences, of risk as a psychological, internal, and regulating factor of decision making and of the micro- and macroeconomy, his emphasis of the role of the history, our past experience, in decision making, and of the nonlinear character of the social sciences are just a few of his pioneering ideas. Allais concepts of risk in serial decision making and conflict solutions and in evolutionary processes had not only a decisive impact on the foundations of economics, but also on the explanation of how we may think.
Genuine Smiles by Patients During Marital Interactions are Associated with Better Caregiver Mental Health.

Author(s): Lwi, Sandy J; Casey, James J; Verstaen, Alice; Connelly, Dyan E; Merrilees, Jennifer; Levenson, Robert W | Abstract: ObjectiveProviding care for a spouse with dementia is associated with an increased risk for poor mental health. To determine whether this vulnerability in caregivers is related to the expression of positive emotion, we examined 57 patients with Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and their spouses as they discussed a marital conflict.MethodFacial behavior during the discussion was objectively coded to identify Duchenne (i.e., genuine) smiles and non-Duchenne (i.e., polite) smiles. Caregiver mental health was measured using the Medical Outcomes Survey.ResultsGreater expression of Duchenne smiles by patients was associated with better caregiver mental health, even when accounting for covariates (i.e., diagnosis, patient cognitive functioning, and caregiver marital satisfaction). Greater expression of non-Duchenne smiles by patients was associated with worse caregiver health, but only when covariates were entered in the model. Expression of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles by caregivers was not associated with caregiver mental health.DiscussionPatients' expression of Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles may reveal important aspects of the emotional quality of the patient-caregiver relationship that influence caregiver burden and mental health.
Time Ordered Operator Products and the Scattering Matrix in P(⌽) 2 Models

It has been known for more than two years now that weakly coupled P (⌽)2 models have an isolated one particle hyperboloid and hence by the Haag-Ruelle theory they possess a well defined scattering matrix.
Platinum (II) Polyamines: Relationship of Chain Length to Biological Activity

Platinum (II) polyamines, which are polymeric analogues of the cancer drug cis-DDP, were synthesized and tested for biological activity. It was hoped that such compounds would retain the anti-tumor activity of cis-DDP but produce fewer toxic side effects. The results obtained from cell culture show that several of the polymers can kill cells and/or inhibit cell growth of growing cells but do not affect quiescent cells. The level of activity displayed by these polymers is equal to or greater than that of cis-DDP. Since some polymers are biologically active while others are not, several factors which could influence activity were considered. One such factor is the size of the polymers. The polymer chain length could determine how easily the polymer enters the cell and how well it binds to and damages cellular macromolecules. The size of the various platinum polyamines was measured using light scattering photometry and Sephacryl column chromatography. It was found that the polymers have a wide range of molecular weights. Furthermore, in some cases, two molecular weight classes exist within one polymer preparation, suggesting two different modes of polymer synthesis. However, no correlation was seen between the size of a polymer and its biological activity. Thus, molecular weight does not appear to be an important factor in determining the biological effects of these platinum polyamines.
Potato Vitamins, Minerals and Phytonutrients from a Plant Biology Perspective

As the link between diet and health becomes increasingly characterized, the nutritional value of foods is being increasingly prioritized by the public. This can create both challenges and opportunities for plant breeding programs and food processing companies. This review will focus on the nutritional composition of potatoes and examine the role potatoes can play in providing global food security. The amounts of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients in potatoes vary tremendously depending on the cultivar and are also influenced by environment. Potatoes are well known to be good sources of potassium and vitamin C. They also contain an array of other bioactives, including high amounts of phenylpropanoids, compounds known to have diverse health-promoting roles in humans. While potatoes already contain generous amounts of various phytonutrients, by taking advantage of the available extensive germplasm resources, future cultivars can be further improved and provide additional options that help satisfy rapidly evolving consumer preferences and changing market demands.
Toward more efficient diagnostic criteria sets and rules: The use of optimization approaches in addiction science.

Abstract Psychiatric diagnostic systems, such as The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), use expert consensus to determine diagnostic criteria sets and rules (DCSRs), rather than exploiting empirical techniques to arrive at optimal solutions (OS). Our project utilizes complete enumeration (i.e., generating all possible subsets of item combinations A and B with all possible thresholds, T) to evaluate all possible DCSRs given a set of relevant diagnostic data. This method yields the entire population distribution of diagnostic classifications (i.e., diagnosis of the disorder versus no diagnosis) produced by a set of dichotomous predictors (i.e., diagnostic criteria). Once unique sets are enumerated, optimization on some predefined correlate or predictor will maximally separate diagnostic groups on one or more, disorder-specific “outcome” criteria. We used this approach to illustrate how to create a common Substance Use Disorder (SUD) DCSR that is applicable to multiple substances. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with respect to alcohol use disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) using DSM-5 criteria as input variables. The optimal SUD solution with a moderate or above severity grading included four criteria (i.e. 1) having a strong urge or craving for the substance (CR), 2) failure to fulfill major role obligations at work school or home (FF), 3) continued use of the substance despite social or interpersonal problems caused by the substance use (SI) and 4) physically hazardous use (HU)) with a diagnostic threshold of two. The derived DCSR was validated with known correlates of SUD and performed as well as DSM-5. Our findings illustrate the value of using an empirical approach to what is typically a subjective process of choosing criteria and algorithms that is prone to bias. The optimization of diagnostic criteria can reduce criteria set sizes, resulting in decreased research, clinician, and patient burden.
Limits of custodial symmetry

We introduce a toy model implementing the proposal of using a custodial symmetry to protect the Zb{sub L}b{sub L} coupling from large corrections. This 'doublet-extended standard model' adds a weak doublet of fermions (including a heavy partner of the top quark) to the particle content of the standard model in order to implement an O(4)xU(1){sub X}{approx}SU(2){sub L}xSU(2){sub R}xP{sub LR}xU(1){sub X} symmetry in the top-quark mass generating sector. This symmetry is softly broken to the gauged SU(2){sub L}xU(1){sub Y} electroweak symmetry by a Dirac mass M for the new doublet; adjusting the value of M allows us to explore the range of possibilities between the O(4)-symmetric (M{yields}0) and standard-model-like (M{yields}{infinity}) limits. In this simple model, we find that the experimental limits on the Zb{sub L}b{sub L} coupling favor smaller M while the presence of a potentially sizable negative contribution to {alpha}T strongly favors large M. Comparison with precision electroweak data shows that the heavy partner of the top quark must be heavier than about 3.4 TeV, making it difficult to search for at LHC. This result demonstrates that electroweak data strongly limit the amount by which the custodial symmetry of the top-quark mass generating sector can be enhanced relative to themore » standard model. Using an effective field theory calculation, we illustrate how the leading contributions to {alpha}T, {alpha}S, and the Zb{sub L}b{sub L} coupling in this model arise from an effective operator coupling right-handed top quarks to the Z boson, and how the effects on these observables are correlated. We contrast this toy model with extradimensional models in which the extended custodial symmetry is invoked to control the size of additional contributions to {alpha}T and the Zb{sub L}b{sub L} coupling, while leaving the standard model contributions essentially unchanged.« less
Don’t make me sick: investigating the incidence of cybersickness in commercial virtual reality headsets

The resurgence of interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) technology for research and entertainment purposes has led to an increase in concerns about human factor issues inherent in VR technology. One issue that has received a great deal of attention from researchers and end users is cybersickness, which refers to a constellation of unpleasant physiological symptoms, such as nausea and dizziness, experienced as result of exposure to a virtual environment. While cybersickness is not a new issue, it is expected to become even more prevalent with the recent proliferation of commercially available VR headsets, such as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, underscoring the importance of investigating the prevalence of cybersickness while using these headsets. Accordingly, in two experiments, the current study examined whether cybersickness was a persistent issue in the state-of-the-art commercial-grade VR headsets and compared the incidence and severity of cybersickness across Oculus Rift CV1, HTC Vive and a desktop display. Consistent with prior work into head-mounted displays and cybersickness, results indicated that participants in the Oculus Rift CV1 and HTC Vive conditions experienced more severe cybersickness symptoms, when compared to those in the desktop display condition. Oculus Rift CV1 and HTC Vive did not significantly differ from each other and were comparable in the severity of cybersickness symptoms they induce. The current study demonstrated that cybersickness was still a prevalent human factor issue in such modern VR headsets as Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, highlighting the importance of devising strategies to mitigate cybersickness in VEs.
What Is the Critical Tibial Resection Depth During Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty? A Biomechanical Study of Fracture Risk.

Abstract Background Fracture after medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a rare complication. Biomechanical studies evaluating association between depth of resection and maximum load to failure are lacking. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between depth of resection of the medial tibial plateau and mean maximum load to failure. Methods Medial tibial resections were performed from 2 to 10 mm in 25 standardized fourth-generation Sawbones composite tibias (Sawbones, Vashon Island, Washington). A metal-backed tibial component with a 9-mm polyethylene bearing was used (Stryker PKR). Tibias were mounted on a biomechanical testing apparatus (MTESTQuattro) and axially loaded cyclically 10 times per cycle and incrementally increased until failure occurred. Results Load to failure was recorded in 25 proximal tibia model samples after medial UKA using sequential resections from 2 to 10 mm. Analysis of variance testing identified significant differences in mean maximum load to failure between groups (P = .0003). Analysis of regression models revealed a statistically significant fit of a quadratic model (R2 = 0.59, P = .0001). The inflection point of this quadratic curve was identified at 5.82 mm, indicating that the maximum load to failure across experimental models in this study began to decline beyond a resection depth of 5.82 mm. Conclusion In this biomechanical model, medial tibial resections beyond 5.82 mm produced a significantly lower mean load to failure using a quadratic curve model. Resections from 2 to 6 mm showed no significant differences in mean load to failure. Identification of the tibial resection depth at which the mean load to failure significantly decreases is clinically relevant as this depth may increase the risk of periprosthetic fracture after a medial UKA.
Artifacts in High-Energy Compton Imaging With 3-D Position-Sensitive CdZnTe

High-energy gamma-ray imaging is an important technique with applications in homeland security and medical imaging. Recent advancements in the cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) OrionUM detector systems have enabled measurement of gamma-ray sources with energies up to 9 MeV. However, Compton imaging of photons above 3 MeV faces several challenges that degrade both spectroscopic and imaging performances in pixelated CdZnTe systems. These factors include the increase in pair-production events, incorrect event sequencing, and charge sharing from large electron clouds. They all result in shift-variant image artifacts that degrade the signal-to-noise ratio as well as create artifacts that might be mistaken for a hot spot. The degradation from artifacts is analyzed and discussed, and possible mitigation techniques are presented to allow for recovery of the Compton image signal. Simulation is compared with experimental measurements of 4.4-MeV gamma rays from a 238PuBe source to investigate the artifacts.
Language Alternation in Online Communication with Misinformation

Misinformation has attracted widespread research attention owing to the importance and challenges of addressing the problem. Despite the progress in developing computational methods for misinformation detection and identifying psycholinguistic factors and network properties of misinformation, there is a lack of understanding of language alternation in online misinformation communication. This research aims to address the literature gap by answering several key questions regarding language alternation in communicating misinformation online. Based on the analysis of structured and un-structured survey responses, the results of this study show that it is fairly common for speakers of English as a second language to alternate languages in communicating misinformation online. In addition, it identifies the motives and impacts of such behavior. The findings of this study point to a new avenue for addressing the challenges of detecting online misinformation.
Teaching a Class on Income and Wealth Inequality

I am offering a course on “Income and Wealth Inequality” for the first time during this spring, 2021 semester at the Dedman School of Law at Southern Methodist University, and the course is going well. I am here discussing my choice of materials and providing my course syllabus and my weekly reading assignment list for use by anyone else who is considering offering such a course at the college or graduate school or law school level.
Unterrichtsfeedback als Lerngelegenheit nutzen

In einer qualitativen Interviewstudie wurde untersucht, wie Lehrpersonen mit Informationen umgehen, die sie aus einem mehrschrittigen, strukturierten Unterrichtsfeedback erhalten, und wie sie diese Informationen zur Weiterentwicklung ihres Unterrichts nutzen. Alle teilnehmenden Lehrpersonen konnten bislang durch das strukturierte Vorgehen Verbesserungspotenziale in ihrem Unterricht identifizieren und diese Bereiche grostenteils auch erfolgreich optimieren. Auffallig ist, dass sie einen Abgleich unterschiedlicher Beobachterperspektiven nur selten in ihren Reflexionsprozess haben einfliesen lassen und dass vor allem in den beiden Schlusselbereichen „kollegiales Feedbackgesprach“ und „Klassengesprach“ bedeutsame Anwendungsfehler gemacht wurden.
Tolerance of northern Gulf of Mexico eastern oysters to chronic warming at extreme salinities.

Abstract The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, provides critical ecosystem services and supports valuable fishery and aquaculture industries in northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) subtropical estuaries where it is grown subtidally. Its upper critical thermal limit is not well defined, especially when combined with extreme salinities. The cumulative mortalities of the progenies of wild C. virginica from four nGoM estuaries differing in mean annual salinity, acclimated to low (4.0), moderate (20.0), and high (36.0) salinities at 28.9 °C (84 °F) and exposed to increasing target temperatures of 33.3 °C (92 °F), 35.6 °C (96 °F) or 37.8 °C (100 °F), were measured over a three-week period. Oysters of all stocks were the most sensitive to increasing temperatures at low salinity, dying quicker (i.e., lower median lethal time, LT50) than at the moderate and high salinities and resulting in high cumulative mortalities at all target temperatures. Oysters of all stocks at moderate salinity died the slowest with high cumulative mortalities only at the two highest temperatures. The F1 oysters from the more southern and hypersaline Upper Laguna Madre estuary were generally more tolerant to prolonged higher temperatures (higher LT50) than stocks originating from lower salinity estuaries, most notably at the highest salinity. Using the measured temperatures oysters were exposed to, 3-day median lethal Celsius degrees (LD50) were estimated for each stock at each salinity. The lowest 3-day LD50 (35.1–36.0 °C) for all stocks was calculated at a salinity of 4.0, while the highest 3-day LD50 (40.1–44.0 °C) was calculated at a salinity of 20.0.
Hybrid machine learning-enabled adaptive welding speed control

Abstract Industrial robots have become more diverse and common for automating manufacturing processes, such as welding. Existing robotic control, however, is incapable of adaptively adjusting its operation in response to a dynamic welding environment, whereas a skilled human welder can. Sophisticated and adaptive robotic control relies on the effective and efficient processing of perception data, characterization and prediction of highly dynamic systems, and real-time adaptative robotic reactions. This research presents a preliminary study on developing appropriate Machine Learning (ML) techniques for real-time welding quality prediction and adaptive welding speed adjustment for GTAW welding at a constant current. In order to collect the data needed to train the hybrid ML models, two cameras are applied to monitor the welding process, with one camera (available in practical robotic welding) recording the top-side weld pool dynamics and a second camera (unavailable in practical robotic welding, but applicable for training purpose) recording the back-side bead formation. Given these two data sets, correlations can be discovered through a convolutional neural network (CNN) that is good at image characterization. With the CNN, top-side weld pool images can be analyzed to predict the back-side bead width during active welding control. Furthermore, the monitoring process has been applied to multiple experimental trials with varying speeds. This allowed the effect of welding speed on bead width to be modeled through a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Through the trained MLP, a computationally efficient gradient descent algorithm has been developed to adjust the travel speed accordingly to achieve an optimal bead width with full material penetration. Because of the nature of gradient descent, the robot would change faster when the quality is further away and then fine-tune the speed when it was close to the goal. Experimental studies have shown promising results on real-time bead width prediction and adaptive speed adjustment to realize ideal bead width.
The Period of Transition

Towards the end of the fifteenth century the Latin-speaking world of scholars was pretty well acquainted with much of the best of the Greek and Arabic heritage, but was as yet unable to go beyond its level. If somebody like Avicenna or Omar Khayyam,1 scientists from the eleventh and twelfth centuries, had reappeared in the Nuremberg or Venice of the time of Columbus, he would not have found much in the way of novelty except perhaps the admirable way of printing with movable type, the despicable way of spreading destruction and death with gun powder, or some other technical inventions, but new to them would have been the spirit of restless progress, not only among merchants, but also among craftsmen and men of learning, an atmosphere of fresh ideas on discovery and invention, on achieving more than their fathers, in sharp contrast to the more tradition-bound intellectual climate of the Orient.
Power control and localization of wireless body area networks using semidefinite programming

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising solution for Healthcare applications. However, how to mitigate the interference between WBANs is still challenging. In this paper, we propose a new method to mitigate the interference between WBANs using geometric programming (GP), which is a special optimization that can be transformed to convex optimization. To make sure that all receivers in WBANs can receive the signals sent from their pairwise transmitters, we require that the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) for each WBAN must be more than a given threshold. Then we can optimize the overall transmission power to save energy. We also propose to use convex optimization to solve location problem of WBANs based on their received signal strength indicators (RSSI). We set three WBANs to be anchor nodes with known locations, calculate the approximate distance between the transmitters, and then solve the convex problem to get the location for all other WBANs. The effectiveness of the proposed methods has been demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Petrotectonics of lawsonite eclogite exhumation: Insights from the Sivrihisar massif, Turkey

[1] The Sivrihisar massif of the Tavsanli Zone of Turkey is 1 of less than 10 known lawsonite eclogite localities worldwide. Rocks of the Sivrihisar massif consist of eclogite and blueschist in contact with metasedimentary host rocks and record decreasing maximum pressure conditions across three WNW-ESE striking belts from 16–24 kbar in the northern Halilbagi belt to 14–16 kbar in the Karacaoren belt and 8–10 kbar in the Kertek belt. Where present, sodic-amphibole, phengite, chlorite, and quartz define a pervasive S0/S1 foliation; garnet, omphacite, and lawsonite define stretching lineations and kinematic indicators. D1 and D2 structures are similar in the Halilbagi and Karacaoren belts but differ to those in the Kertek belt. D3 structures are uniform across the massif including fibrous calcite that occurs parallel to F3 fold axes. Shear sense indicators from field observations and asymmetric type-I cross girdle of quartz c axes obtained from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) show top to the south thrusting throughout much of the massif. D1 and D2 structures are interpreted to have formed during exhumation by extrusion along a ∼5°C/km gradient. The Halilbagi and Karacaoren belts were juxtaposed possibly as deep as 45 km within the subduction channel and exhumed by the arrival of the Anatolide microcontinent at approximately 70 Ma. Homogeneity of F3 axes and calcite fibers across the massif suggests that assembly occurred at blueschist conditions before exhumation through the aragonite-calcite transition (∼350°C) above 8 kbar.
Questions About Early Enteral Feeding Study

To the Editor.— Osterag et al (Pediatrics 1986;77:275-280) report that early feeding of sick very low birth weight infants does not increase the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the authors failed to address the high likelihood of a false-negative result due to the small sample sizes. With only 17 neonates in each group, the power of the study to detect an increase in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis from .35 to .55 is only 33%. In other words, there is a 67% chance that an increase of this size was missed.
Jet production and high pT phenomena in photon-photon reactions

The status of experimental investigations of high p T phenomena and jet production in photonphoton collisions is reviewed. Taking the challenging questions on hard scattering processes in γγ reactions as a guide, the experimental approach to these questions is summarized. Results from the PETRA experiments CELLO, JADE, PLUTO, and TASSO are presented including preliminary results on the Q2-dependence of jet cross sections. Experimental limitations and background problems are discussed.
Research in Context: Measuring Value Change

Abramson and Inglehart find a significant trend toward postmaterialist values in Western Europe, which they argue is largely driven by the gradual processes of generational replacement. Clarke, Dutt, and Rapkin argue that this trend is a methodological artifact of the wording of Inglehart's four-item measure of materialist/ postmaterialist values. They claim that because this battery does not include a question about unemployment, in periods of high unemployment respondents tend to choose postmaterialist goals. The long-term trend toward postmaterialism in Western Europe, they argue, results from rising levels of unemployment during the past two decades. Abramson and Inglehart point out that increases in inflation have a short-term impact on decreasing postmaterialism, but maintain that the positive relationship between unemployment and postmaterialism is spurious. As this analysis shows, Clarke, Dutt, and Rapkin find a positive relationship between unemployment and postmaterialism by building a model that has little theoretical justification and that is not robust to changes in specification. As this analysis demonstrates, unemployment is actually linked with support for materialist goals, and the trend toward post-materialism is robust in the face of alternative time frames, models, and specifications. The weight of the evidence demonstrates that the long-term trend toward postmaterialism in Western Europe is driven by generational replacement.
Electrically tunable integrated patch antenna with planar filter

An electrically tunable planar hairpin filter integrated with a microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The patch antenna is integrated as a resonator, contributing to a second-order filter. The integration is performed to eliminate 50-ohm transition losses and reduce the overall structure size. The antenna is magnetically coupled to the hairpin resonator and operates at a center frequency of 3.03 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 2.38%. The gain of the patch antenna is 5.41 dBi. Electrical tuning ability is provided via four varactors with a filter response tuning range from 2.77 GHz to 3.19 GHz.
Cocaine and Amphetamines

The stimulant effects of ephedrine, an alkaloid of the shrub, Ephedra vulgaris, were described in China more than 5000 years ago. Local physicians typically used the plant, also known as ma huang, as a herbal remedy for asthmatic wheezing and other pulmonary problems. These disorders are caused by severe constriction of the bronchial tree, and ephedrine simply relaxes bronchial muscle to improve respiration. Although Western medicine relied on intravenous epinephrine (adrenaline) to treat severe asthma, pharmaceutical firms recognized the value of developing an oral medication for bronchial congestion. By 1935, several ephedrine analogues were synthesized, some of which remain in use as nasal decongestants (e.g. pseudoephedrine). The amphetamines were developed as part of this effort. In fact, the first synthetic ephedrine analogue was a mixture of d- and l-amphetamine. Marketed in 1932 as a decongestant, these amphetamine isomers were the active ingredient in the popular Benzedrine inhaler, which quickly became known for its stimulant properties. The addition of a second methyl group created an even more potent amphetamine variant, methamphetamine, sold as Methedrine. After the amphetamines became available in tablet form, they were used to treat both narcolepsy, a condition characterized by sleep attacks, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), an apparent paradoxical effect (see below). Amphetamine tablets also were used as appetite suppressants; d-amphetamine was marketed for this purpose as Dexedrine in 1945, but the anorexiant effect faded rapidly