cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Aspects of Asymptotic Matching in the Restricted Three-Body Problem

References 1 Polak, A. and Kalivretenos, C. A., "Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separations at High Reynolds Numbers," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 6, No. 8, Aug. 1969, pp. 954-955. 2 Kutateladze, S. S. and Leontev, A. I., Turbulent Boundary-Layers in Compressible Gases, translated by D. B. Spalding, Academic Press, New York, 1964. 3 Lewis, J. E., "Compressible Boundary-Layer and Its Low-Speed Equivalent," AIAA Journal, Vol. 6, No. 6, June 1968, pp. 1185-1187. 4 Coles, D., "The Turbulent Boundary-Layer in Compressible Fluid," The Physics of Fluids, Vol. 7, No. 9, Sept. 1964, pp. 1403-1423. 5 Polak, A., "The Prediction of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Separation Influenced by Blowing," NOLTR 71-125, July 1971, N#val Ordnance Lab. Under the above assumptions, the method of asymptotic matching" can be applied to the restricted three-body problem in order to obtain an asymptotic approximation to the solution r(t, ju) which, in the case of first-order matching, has been shown to be uniformly valid to 0(//) during one moon passage; i.e., over a time interval [t0, tl + 0(/z)] ; cf. Refs. 4 and 5. In the method of asymptotic matching in the restricted threebody problem one first expands the solution r(t, ju) of Eq. (1) relative to the Earth in an asymptotic series (called the outer expansion)
Determination of strange quark suppression in hadronic vacuum

We have analysed experimental data on (i)e+e− annihilation to hadrons, (ii) leptoproduction, (iii) hadron-hadron interactions, and (iv) heavy particle decays to determineSU(3) symmetry violation, i.e. the suppression factor (λ) for strange quark-antiquark pairs relative to\(u\bar u\) and\(d\bar d\) pairs in the hadronic vacuum. Inclusive particle ratios, i.e.K/π ratios at largex and ratios between the inclusive production rates of relevant resonances, yield similar values for λ, the weighted mean being =0.29±0.02. No significant energy dependence of λ is observed. We also find that the average net electric charge measurements for lepton produced quark jets are consistent with the above value of λ.
Improving the Quality of a Newborn Screening Program at an Academic Medical Center

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program To describe a program to improve compliance rates for completion of mandatory newborn screening at a large academic medical center. Proposed Change A comprehensive newborn screening program, including elements for metabolic, hearing, and critical congenital heart disease, was implemented. Program improvement efforts focused on a transition from a decentralized process to a centralized process focused on a designated team of testers under the leadership of a newborn screening coordinator (NSC). Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Implementation of this program coincided with commencement of a new computerized data entry system at the state level. All members of the screening team were trained on the various screening processes they were to perform. Consistent operating procedures were developed to ensure standardization of the screening process for all infants. Nursing staff and pediatricians were educated on the changes to the screening process. Compliance reports from the state are monitored by the NSC and the patient service manager. The NSC reports to the Well Newborn Nursery Committee, the Perinatal Committee, and the Obstetrics Operations Committee as to the hurdles, progress, and outcomes from the screening program. The program is ongoing with regular assessment and evaluation of processes and outcomes, which drives quality improvement. Implications for Nursing Practice Nurses must understand their state mandated roles in the newborn screening process. A NSC remains current regarding the laws that govern the process and educates nurses as changes occur. A designated team of testers can provide standardized and knowledgeable education to parents. The described newborn screening program improves compliance with state newborn screening requirements.
Radiosurgery as Salvage Therapy for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Background and Aims: 40–50% of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) suffer treatment failure after methotrexate (MTX)-based chemotherapy. While whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been reported as an effective salvage modality in this context, the combination of MTX and WBRT causes synergistic neurotoxic effects. Here we investigated the use of radiosurgery as an alternate salvage modality. Methods: We reviewed the records of immunocompetent adults with pathology-confirmed PCNSL who underwent radiosurgery as salvage therapy at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1993 and 2007. Thirteen salvage radiosurgeries were performed in 7 PCNSL patients. Results: Lesion size ranged from 0.2 to 3.1 (median 0.31) cm3. Doses were prescribed to the periphery of the lesion and normalized to the 90% isodose line (12–16, median 15 Gy). Follow-up ranged from 18 to 103 (median 29) months. According to the Macdonald criteria, complete radiographic response was observed in 11/13 lesions, stable disease in 1 lesion and disease progression in another lesion. 3/7 patients required multiple radiosurgeries for relapse outside the initial radiosurgery volume. Focal FLAIR signal abnormalities outside the irradiated volume were seen in all cases, though only 2/7 patients developed the type of diffuse leukoencephalopathy that is associated with MTX + WBRT therapy. Conclusion: This series suggests that radiosurgery is an effective and well-tolerated salvage therapy for patients with small recurrent PCNSL lesions.
Holy Boldness: Women Preachers' Autobiographies and the Sanctified Self

(2003). Holy Boldness: Women Preachers' Autobiographies and the Sanctified Self. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 130-131.
Aliens with Guns: Equal Protection, Federal Power, and the Second Amendment

The nexus between guns and alienage presents a window through which to assess the competing constitutional values embodied in the Equal Protection Clause, the federal foreign-affairs power, and the Second Amendment. This Article analyzes the application of equal-protection norms and the federal foreign-affairs power on federal and state statutes that restrict the ability of non-citizens to bear arms. Professor Gulasekaram argues that courts should evaluate alienage restrictions at both the state and federal level under a unified analytic framework that would attempt to reconcile both personhood norms, such as equality, and gate-keeping norms vindicated by reliance on federal-power doctrines. As a result, the power of the federal government to legislate with regard to non-citizens would be reduced while concurrently allowing greater flexibility for states and localities.
Severe idiopathic hypercalcemia of infancy.

A syndrome occurring in infants and characterized clinically by anorexia, vomiting, constipation, hypotonia, hypertension, characteristic facies, and severe mental-motor retardation, and by the laboratory findings of hypercalcemia, azotemia and impaired renal function has recently been described by British and Swiss workers. The disease apparently occurs in two forms, referred to as mild and severe. The literature concerning the severe form has been reviewed and an additional case reported. Hypersensitivity to vitamin D with excessive calcium absorption has been demonstrated in the mild form of this syndrome and has also been proposed as the metabolic abnormality responsible for the pathologic features of the severe form of the disease.
An appraisal of povidone-iodine and wound healing.

Infection is one of the most frequent complications of wound healing despite the use of antibiotics and modern sterile technique; it accounts for considerable patient morbidity, discomfort, and prolonged hospitalization, and it must be avoided to permit proper healing. For this purpose, topical antiseptics have been employed for several years. Among these povidone-iodine formulations (polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine; PVP-I; e.g., Betadine preparations), which consist of a water-soluble complex of elemental iodine and a synthetic polymer, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and have not been reported to develop bacterial resistance. Because some reports have suggested that PVP-I may interfere with wound healing, a critical review of studies concerning PVP-I and wound healing was undertaken, with emphasis placed on in vivo models that replicate, as closely as possible, human wound healing. Four forms of PVP-I were evaluated: PVP-I solution, PVP-I skin cleanser/surgical scrub, PVP-I ointment, and PVP-I cream. PVP-I solutions had virtually no deleterious effect on wound healing: application of 10% PVP-I solution to rat, guinea pig, rabbit, or pig wounds did not reduce wound tensile strength or delay re-epithelialization. In three human studies, no significant difference in healing was observed for 1%, 5% or 10% PVP-I solution except for a slight delay during the first 24 hours after the application of 5% PVP-I solution in one study; healing was normal by 72 hours. PVP-I skin cleansers/surgical scrubs contain ammonium nonoxynol-4-sulphate and lauramide DEA which, like all detergents, can cause tissue damage and delay healing. This was substantiated by a guinea pig study in which the detergent component but no the antiseptic produced these effects. In human trials, no damage occurred if cleansing of the wound with PVP-I skin cleansers/surgical scrubs was followed by saline irrigation. These results are consistent with recommendations for promptly rinsing the wound with water to remove the detergent if detergent-containing PVP-I preparations are used for wound care. PVP-I ointment (10%) delayed wound closure inn rats during the fourth through tenth days post-treatment; however, during the next two weeks, healing was accelerated, and by day 24, healing was equal to the controls. No delays occurred when pigs or rabbits were tested. In human wounds, no delays occurred in healing, even when gel-type occlusive dressings were added to the wounds; in fact, bandage-wearing time was shortened in those patients treated with PVP-I ointment. PVP-I cream (5%) was also studied in humans; the cream formulation appeared to decrease healing time. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that povidone-iodine preparations do not have a deleterious effect on wound healing.
The Effect of Privately Provided Police Services on Crime

Research demonstrates that police reduce crime. The implication of this research for investment in a particular form of extra police services, those provided by private institutions, has not been rigorously examined. We capitalize on the discontinuity in police force size at the geographic boundary of a private university police department to estimate the effect of the extra police services on crime. Extra police provided by the university generate approximately 45-60 percent fewer crimes in the surrounding neighborhood. These effects appear to be similar to other estimates in the literature.
Productivity and profitability differences between pseudorabies-infected and pseudorabies-noninfected farrow-to-finish swine herds

Productivity and economic effects of pseudorabies were estimated for a mean-size, farrow-to-finish swine enterprise. A Delphi technique was used to elicit productivity effects from an expert panel. Enterprise budgets for pseudorabies-infected and noninfected herds were constructed by use of these productivity estimates, as well as by use of economic data from secondary sources. Data examined to determine effects on productivity included preweaning, nursery, and growing/finishing pig mortality; breeding hog mortality; feed conversion; labor; and veterinary services and medication expenses. Results indicated that profitability was lowered in infected herds by approximately $6/cwt of swine produced.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IRON SOLUBILIZING SUBSTANCES (PHYTOSIDEROPHORES)RELEASED BY OATS AND CORN : IRON EFFICIENT AND IRON-INEFFICIENT PLANTS

Release of phytosiderophores from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in response to Fe-deficiency stress prompted further testing of other graminaceous (grass) species for phytosiderophore release and results have prompted characterization of these plants into a Strategy II designation. This classification denotes an enhanced release of phytosiderophore in response to Fe-deficiency stress with a concomitant uptake of Fe by the plant. The objective of this study was to determine if Fe-inefficient and Fe-efficient corn (Zea mays L.) differ in their release of ‘Fe solubilizing substances’ in response to Fe-deficiency stress. We have not identified the specific structure of these substances but refer to them as ‘phytosiderophores’ to further characterize their behavior. By our indirect method, there was no measurable release of Fe solubilizing substances (phytosiderophores) from either the Fe-efficient WF9 or the Fe-inefficient ys1 corn despite WF9 being greener and apparently more Fe efficient than ys1. Fe-efficient Coker 227 oats (Avena byzantina C. Koch.) has been found to release a phytosiderophore whereas the Fe-inefficient TAM 0-312 does not. Iron-stressed Coker 227 oats released Fe solubilizing substances when grown in the same solution with WF9 corn which resulted in greening and Fe uptake by WF9 corn. Iron efficiency in these two graminaceous species appears to be controlled by different mechanisms.
A comparison of the pulmonary, renal and hepatic extractions of PGI2 and PGE2 - PGI2 a potential circulating hormone

Abstract Prostaglandin (PG) I2 and PGE2 were infused into the aortic arch, femoral vein, renal artery and portal vein in anesthetized dogs over a dose range to produce a steady decrease in systemic blood pressure after 10 mins infusion. Parallel log dose-response relationships were observed with both PGI2 and PGE2. PGE2 was a more potent depressor than PGI2 when infused into the aortic arch. The doses to reduce blood pressure by 5 mm Hg were used to calculate the extraction of the compounds by the lungs, kidney and liver. The pulmonary extraction of PGE2 was 96 ± 2% and was essentially complete following combined pulmonary and renal or pulmonary and hepatic extraction. In contrast, there was no significant pulmonary extraction of PGI2. Combined renal and pulmonary extraction was 43 ± 11% and combined hepatic and pulmonary extraction 87 ± 5%. These results indicate a marked difference in the organ metabolising capacity for PGE2 and PGI2. Since PGI2 has been shown to be produced both in the kidney and stomach it is possible that PGI2 produced endogenously could pass into the circulation and exert systemic pharmacological effects.
Making mathematical reasoning fun: tool-assisted, collaborative techniques

Is it possible to excite students about learning the mathematical principles that underly high-quality software? Can we teach them to apply these principles using modern software tools? Can this be accomplished without displacing existing content? In each case, the answer is a resounding yes --- but it takes the right set of pedagogical principles, teaching tools, and classroom exercises. This hands-on laboratory will introduce a set of principles, tools, and exercises that have proven to work. By adopting one content module at a time, educators will better prepare students to reason rigorously about the software they develop and maintain.
A Membrane-proximal Tetracysteine Motif Contributes to Assembly of CD3δϵ and CD3γϵ Dimers with the T Cell Receptor

Assembly of the T cell receptor (TCR) with its dimeric signaling modules, CD3deltaepsilon, CD3gammaepsilon, and zetazeta, is organized by transmembrane (TM) interactions. Each of the three assembly steps requires formation of a three-helix interface involving one particular basic TCR TM residue and two acidic TM residues of the respective signaling dimer. The extracellular domains of CD3deltaepsilon and CD3gammaepsilon contribute to assembly, but TCR interaction sites on CD3 dimers have not been defined. The structures of the extracellular domains of CD3deltaepsilon and CD3gammaepsilon demonstrated parallel beta-strands ending at the first cysteine in the CXXCXEXXX motif present in the stalk segment of each CD3 chain. Mutation of the membrane-proximal cysteines impaired assembly of either CD3 dimer with TCR, and little complex was isolated when all four membrane-proximal cysteines were mutated to alanine. These mutations had, however, no discernable effect on CD3deltaepsilon or CD3gammaepsilon dimerization. CD3deltaepsilon assembled with a TCRalpha mutant that lacked both immunoglobulin domains, but shortening of the TCRalpha connecting peptide reduced assembly, consistent with membrane-proximal TCRalpha-CD3deltaepsilon interactions. Chelation of divalent cations did not affect assembly, indicating that coordination of a cation by the tetracysteine motif was not required. The membrane-proximal cysteines were within close proximity but only formed covalent CD3 dimers when one cysteine was mutated. The four cysteines may thus form two intrachain disulfide bonds integral to the secondary structure of CD3 stalk regions. The three-chain interaction theme first established for the TM domains thus extends into the membrane-proximal domains of TCRalpha-CD3deltaepsilon and TCRbeta-CD3gammaepsilon.
Simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium using quantum dots as fluorescence labels.

In this study, we explored the use of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescence labels in immunoassays for simultaneous detection of two species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157∶H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium. QDs with different sizes can be excited with a single wavelength of light, resulting in different emission peaks that can be measured simultaneously. Highly fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots with different emission wavelengths (525 nm and 705 nm) were conjugated to anti-E. coli O157 and anti-Salmonella antibodies, respectively. Target bacteria were separated from samples by using specific antibody coated magnetic beads. The bead–cell complexes reacted with QD–antibody conjugates to form bead–cell–QD complexes. Fluorescent microscopic images of QD labeled E. coli and Salmonella cells demonstrated that QD–antibody conjugates could evenly and completely attach to the surface of bacterial cells, indicating that the conjugated QD molecules still retain their effective fluorescence, while the conjugated antibody molecules remain active and are able to recognize their specific target bacteria in a complex mixture. The intensities of fluorescence emission peaks at 525 nm and 705 nm of the final complexes were measured for quantitative detection of E. coli O157∶H7 and S. Typhimurium simultaneously. The fluorescence intensity (FI) as a function of cell number (N) was found for Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. The regression models can be expressed as: FI = 60.6log N − 250.9 with R2 = 0.97 for S. Typhimurium, and FI = 77.8log N − 245.2 with R2 = 0.91 for E. coli O157∶H7 in the range of cell numbers from 104 to 107 cfu ml−1. The detection limit of this method was 104 cfu ml−1. The detection could be completed within 2 hours. The principle of this method could be extended to detect multiple species of bacteria (3–4 species) simultaneously, depending on the availability of each type of QD–antibody conjugates with a unique emission peak and the antibody coated magnetic beads specific to each species of bacteria.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Microbes that Make Biofuels and Work within Fuel Cells

To date there is no “Swiss Army knife” biofuel microorganism that does it all, in part because science has yet to exhaust all the biomass conversion potential of the microbes about which it knows, and it recognizes that there are a great many microorganisms that could play a role in biofuels about which it knows nothing. Nonetheless, the microorganisms that science does know something about will often provide a baseline for comparisons, and knowing searchable binomial names and the biological families from which these more often studied microbes come will likely serve sci-tech librarians well in keeping their patrons better informed. We therefore inventoried the titles and keywords of the 50 most-cited and the 250 most-recent articles under the topic “Biofuels” in the Web of Science, looking for the searchable binomial names and biological classifications of microbes that make them. Although some microbes work synergistically with others and make multiple fuels, we found fungi, archaea, bacteria, and micr...
Visualizing Complicated Quantum Mechanical Behavior from Simple 2d Potentials Using Webtop

The ability to simulate several aspects of two-dimensional quantum mechanics is discussed, in conjunction with an ongoing visualization project, WebTOP, that has been of recognizable importance to physics education since its inception in the late 1990s. In the past, the WebTOP project has been primarily used as a means of visualizing optics and wave phenomena and, now, the development of certain interactive quantum mechanical demonstrations has the potential to strengthen its power as an educational tool for the physics community. The added functionality for propagating wave packets forward in time for a given 2D potential gives rise to the ability to investigate interesting quantum behaviors. Fractional revivals of states in the 2D infinite square well can be clearly seen as well as the time delay of scattered wave packets for certain step potentials. Aspects of squeezed and coherent states of the 2D harmonic oscillator potential can also be explored, among other observable phenomena.
Factors affecting dry deposition of SO2 on forests and grasslands

Deposition velocities for SO2 over forests and grasslands are derived through a mass conservation approach utilizing established empirical relations descriptive of the atmospheric transport of a gaseous contaminant above and within a vegetational canopy. Of particular interest are situations where surface resistance to uptake is relatively small and does not overwhelm atmospheric transport in the determination of deposition. To this end, emphasis is placed on cases assuming the vegetation surface is a perfect sink or has resistance approximating minimum stomatal resistance. This study indicates that deposition velocity, νg, is relatively insensitive to canopy height, shape, roughness length, and extinction coefficients, but νg is relatively sensitive to atmospheric stability, zero-plane displacement, surface resistance, leaf area index, and friction velocity. It follows that the latter parameters should be reported to allow for meaningful comparisons between νg's determined under various experimental conditions. Using reasonable parameter choices, predictions by this method agree well with previous observations, yielding νg in the neighborhood of 1 cm s−1 over grass (or other low-set vegetation) and a value of 2 to 3 times as great over a forest. Only if a forest canopy could be considered a perfect sink would νg's approaching 10 cm s−1 be expected.
Size-selectivity and anomalous subdiffusion of nanoparticles through carbon nanofiber-based membranes.

A simulation is presented here that serves the dual functions of generating a nanoporous membrane replica and executing the Brownian motion of nanoparticles through the virtual membrane. Specifically, the concentration profile of a dilute solution of fluorescent particles in a stochastic and SiO2-coated carbon nanofiber (oxCNF), nanoporous membrane was simulated. The quality of the simulated profile was determined by comparing the results with experimental concentration profiles. The experimental concentration profiles were collected adjacent to the oxCNF membrane surface from time-lapse fluorescence microscopy images. The simulation proved ideal as an accurate predictor of particle diffusion—the simulated concentration profile merged with the experimental profiles at the inlet/exit surfaces of the oxCNF membrane. In particular, the oxCNF barrier was found to hinder the transport of 50 and 100 nm particles and transmembrane trajectories were indicative of anomalous subdiffusion; the diffusion coefficient was found to be a function of time and space.
A comparison of the genes coding for canonical TRP channels and their M, V and P relatives.

Abstract The mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) protein gene family consists of a diverse group of cation channels that currently contain at least 26 members. The physiologic functions of many remain unknown. They are structurally similar to Drosophila TRP and have a wide tissue distribution. In the present report, we compare the chromosomal locations, the gene, and primary structures of each of these 26 human TRP family members. Based on primary amino acid analyses, these channels comprise four different subfamilies: C- (canonical or classical), V- (or vaniloid receptor related), M- (melastatin related), and P (PKD)-type. The highest homology within each subfamily and between subfamilies exists in the predicted ion channel domains. Belonging to a given subfamily, however, does not determine the activating stimuli. This is exemplified by the V- and M-subfamilies, both of which have members that respond to temperature and osmolarity. TRP genes vary in their intron–exon organization, with the greatest diversity in the P subfamily. Chromosomal organization analyses revealed that two TRP members are found as direct repeats; TRPV3 follows TRPV1 and TRPV6 follows TRPV5. Both of these duplications appear to be recent as TRPV1 and V3 are more similar to each other than to other members of the TRPV subfamily. The same holds true for TRPV5 and V6. The article presents complication of comparisons including exon–intron boundaries, the amino acid sequence alignments, and the chromosomal organization of each of the presently known TRP channels.
A dynamic size-structured population model: does disturbance control size structure of a population of the massive coral Gardineroseris planulata in the Eastern Pacific?

Using a long-term data set of Gardineroseris planulata (Dana) on Uva Island reef, Panama, we developed a simulation model that relates size-specific schedules of growth and partial mortality to predation by Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus) and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related elevation of water temperature. We compared the model predictions to field observations for both the subpopulation of colonies that was used for model development and for the entire population. No statistically significant differences in the size-frequency distributions of the real and modeled coral populations were found for the subpopulation during any of 9 yr or for the entire population during 4 yr. These results suggested that the model relationships were reflecting field conditions. Longer-term (100 yr) simulations were conducted to assess the relative importance of predation and ENSO-related colony losses in determining the size structure of the coral population. Predation by A. planci was of overwhelming importance due to both stronger effects of predation (larger transitions) and the frequency of predation (yearly) compared to ENSO (episodically). Even the least-frequent predation scenario skewed the distribution toward smaller colonies, while simulations where populations were subjected to frequent ENSO events (≥3 yr) still maintained colonies in the largest size class. The model results suggested that sea star predators may not have been in the present abundance on this reef prior to the last 30 yr; with predators present, the model predicts that the distribution would be skewed toward smaller colonies.
Motivations for Becoming an Outfitter in Big Sky Country

Montana is a popular destination for those interested in outdoor recreation activities, including hunting and fishing. Outfitters located throughout the state provide guiding services to hunters and anglers. Empirical research on the outfitting industry in the United States is scant, and little is known about outfitter motivations, including why they entered this occupation. This study took a qualitative approach to data collection and examined outfitter motivations for choosing this line of work. Five main reasons given for becoming an outfitter included love of the outdoors and a desire to help others enjoy it, to engage in a livelihood doing something they enjoy, independence and a desire to operate their own business, to earn extra income and a poor state economy, and the family nature of the business. Findings contribute to a better understanding of what it is like being an outfitter in Montana.
Molecular-dynamics simulations of shock-induced detonations in solids.

We present an approach to investigating the propagation of shock-induced detonations in three-dimensional energetic crystals based on a model separating intramolecular and intermolecular motions and new algorithms for tracking particles (the monotonic Lagrangian grid algorithm) and for maintaining constraints among particles (the adaptive constraint algorithm). Separating motions on vastly different time scales allows greater computational efficiency and greater flexibility for modeling the chemical processes. The physical model consists of a three-dimensional lattice in which the intermolecular interactions are given by Lennard-Jones potentials and, under the right conditions, the intramolecular bonds may dissociate and release energy. Calculations of detonations propagating through an explosive show the effects of lattice geometry, energy transfer, and delay time for molecular dissociation.
Isolation and properties of the bovine brain protein inhibitor of adenosine 3′:5′‐monophosphate‐dependent protein kinases

While the heat-stable protein inhibitor (PKI) of the CAMP-dependent protein kinase was first described in skeletal muscle [I] from which it was recently isolated in pure form [2] , its greatest concentration occurs in the brain [3] . This is not surprising in view of the very high concentration of protein kinase found in this tissue [4] . It has recently been proposed that CAMP-dependent phosphorylations might be involved in neuronal functions, such as tissue growth, membrane permeability and synaptic transmission (reviewed [S-7] ). Another protein kinease inhibitor has also been described in nervous tissue that can block phosphorylations catalyzed by both cyclic nucleotidedependent and -independent enzymes [8]. It thus appeared desirable to reinvestigate the protein kinase system of the brain. As a first step towards this goal, beef brain protein kinase inhibitor was purified by the procedure established for isolation of the skeletal muscle protein [2] ; some of its properties were also investigated.
Asynchronous spread spectrum communication for a micro-miniature transponder: implementation and test results

While the field of wireless communication has developed dramatically over the past several decades, there are several notable applications of wireless technologies which impose constraints on power-consumption and form-factor that are not compatible with commercial technologies such as 802.11a,b,g or Bluetooth. These applications include implantable devices and remote monitoring devices. Such devices are better suited to transponder technology which is more power-efficient and can sustain data rates acceptable for these applications. Using a well-defined set of functional needs and system restrictions, we have developed an ultra-compact and ultra-low-powered transponder which contains spread spectrum (SS) logic for wireless communications. The transponder chip was designed and built in the Jazz BiCMOS SiGe technology. The device is activated via a pure tone and emits a SS response which is modulated over the carrier with binary phase shift keying (BPSK). The SS signal is a Gold Code generated from two 9-bit m-sequence generators. One of the m-sequences is seeded with a fixed value while the other 9-bit register is pinned out and can be a fixed ID or a bus to transmit data from a microcontroller. The data is received and decoded by a standard PC with a high-speed acquisition board. In order to support multiple devices at various distances, asynchronous decoding is applied. When active, the device draws less than 35 mW of power (@ 3.0V). Assuming a duty cycle of less than 1%, the device can be powered for several days using a very small coin battery. The device has been tested in the laboratory; natural environment testing is underway.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Preparation of Translationally Competent tRNA by Direct Chemical Acylation

Nonsense codon suppression for unnatural amino acid incorporation requires the preparation of a suppressor aminoacyl-tRNA. Chemical acylation strategies are general but inefficient and arduous. A recent report (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15848) showed acylation of RNA mediated by lanthanum(III) using amino acid phosphate esters. The successful implementation of this methodology to full-length suppressor tRNA is described, and it is shown that the derived aminoacyl-tRNA is translationally competent in Xenopus oocytes.
Store Status and Country of Origin as Information Cues: Consumer's Perception of Sweater Price and Quality

Consumers use many information cues to determine the quality of a product. Price, the most obvious cuing device, has been used as an independent variable in many studies dealing with consumer's perception of quality. This study takes a different perspective; store status (high prestige vs. low prestige) and country of origin (domestic vs. imported) are used as the independent variables with price and quality used as the dependent variables. Subjects in this study were asked to assign a price and quality designation to four identical women's sweaters where the information cues, store status and country of origin, were experimentally ma nipulated. The sample consisted of 49 female students at a major midwestern university (Fall 1983). The results of this study indicate that store prestige had a significant influence on consumer's perceptions of price while country of origin was insignificant. Store prestige was significant in explaining consumer's percep tion of quality while country of origin was insignificant. Implications of these findings for domestic manufacturers are discussed.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in Guillain-Barré syndrome

Autonomic dysfunction is a well-known complication of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and may manifest as hemodynamic fluctuations. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is commonly associated with acute hypertension, but is rarely reported to occur in association with GBS. We describe a patient with GBS who developed PRES in the setting of autonomic dysfunction and review the clinical features of all 12 previously reported patients with co-occurrence of GBS and PRES. Almost all cases have occurred in women over the age of 55, raising the possibility of increased sensitivity to dysautonomia in this patient group.
Towards a synthesis of evolutionary modes and mechanisms in homosporous pteridophytes

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the genetics and evolution of homosporous pteridophytes require re-examination of the theories concerning their phylogeny and population biology. Contradictions in homosporous pteridophyte biology include isozymic diploidy despite high chromosome numbers, outcrossing in diploids despite hermaphroditic gametophytes, inbreeding in allopolyploids despite outcrossing in their progenitors, and low genetic identities between congeners despite substantial morphological similarity. These facts are consistent with several testable hypotheses about the history of homosporous species. The isozymic diploidy/chromosomal polyploidy paradox could have resulted either from repeated cycles of allopolyploidy and gene silencing or from high chromosome numbers in pteridophyte ancestors. Genetic load in diploids may drive outcrossing whereas homoeologous chromosomes in allopolyploids may buffer against this load and permit inbreeding. Low congeneric genetic identities may be linked to the antiquity of the lineages, the isolation of species via accumulation of many genetic differences, and may also indicate that there are numerous, unrecognized, cryptic species. Speciation may occur through primary divergence between diploid population (orthospeciation), secondary interactions between species to initiate polyploid species (nothospeciation) and/or tertiary speciation via reciprocal gene silencing in polyploids (metaspeciation). Testing these hypotheses through molecular chromosomal, and populational studies may generate new directions for research on homosporous pteridophytes
A line balancing heuristic case study for existing automated surface mount assembly line setups

Abstract The industry of manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCB) is experiencing rapid technological change that has increased the logistical complexity of process planning. In particular, the task of allocating components to machines in order to balance the assembly line has become nearly impossible for the individual process planner to perform manually. As a result, the placement times for machines on automated PCB assembly lines are often unbalanced. This paper presents an overview of a heuristic based decision tool used by the process planner that will balance the line, while making tradeoffs between the savings incurred from a better balanced line and the associated relocation costs. The input required by this heuristic is a current feasible product group setup and an accurate characterization of each of the assembly machines. A relational database application and spreadsheet were designed and are used to execute each heuristic iteration. An accompanying industrial case study and results are provided.
Temporal sequence learning in winner-take-all networks of spiking neurons demonstrated in a brain-based device

Animal behavior often involves a temporally ordered sequence of actions learned from experience. Here we describe simulations of interconnected networks of spiking neurons that learn to generate patterns of activity in correct temporal order. The simulation consists of large-scale networks of thousands of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that exhibit short-term synaptic plasticity and spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity. The neural architecture within each area is arranged to evoke winner-take-all (WTA) patterns of neural activity that persist for tens of milliseconds. In order to generate and switch between consecutive firing patterns in correct temporal order, a reentrant exchange of signals between these areas was necessary. To demonstrate the capacity of this arrangement, we used the simulation to train a brain-based device responding to visual input by autonomously generating temporal sequences of motor actions.
Incorporating Spatial Dependence in Predictive Vegetation Models: Residual Interpolation Methods*

Abstract Predictive vegetation modeling can be used statistically to relate the distribution of vegetation across a landscape as a function of important environmental variables. Often these models are developed without considering the spatial pattern that is inherent in biogeographical data, resulting from either biotic processes or missing or misspecified environmental variables. Including spatial dependence explicitly in a predictive model can be an efficient way to improve model accuracy with the available data. In this study, model residuals were interpolated and added to model predictions, and the resulting prediction accuracies were assessed. Adding kriged residuals improved model accuracy more often than adding simulated residuals, although some alliances showed no improvement or worse accuracy when residuals were added. In general, the prediction accuracies that were not increased by adding kriged residuals were either rare in the sample or had high nonspatial model accuracy. Regression interpolat...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ASSOCIATIVE REACTIONS OF PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM) AND INFLUENZA VIRUSES : COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS ANIMAL TISSUES AND ADSORBENTS

Tissue particles from a wide variety of animal tissues possess the capacity to combine with PVM. Various adsorbents also combine with the virus. Elution of PVM from combination with either tissue particles or adsorbents can be achieved by appropriately altering the ionic environment. Influenza viruses also are adsorbed on and eluted from adsorbents under similar conditions. Reasons are presented for thinking that combination of PVM with tissue particles results from the action of adsorptive forces between virus and tissue particles.
Rotenoids and chalcones from Mundulea sericea that inhibit phorbol ester-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity

Abstract Two novel rotenoids, (−)-13α-hydroxydeguelin and (−)-13α-hydroxytephrosin, and a new chalcone, munsericin, were isolated from the bark of Mundulea sericea , and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Also obtained were the parent rotenoids, deguelin and tephrosin, and the known chalcone, 4-hydroxy-lonchocarpin. The rotenoids and chalcones exhibited potent inhibitory activity against phorbol ester-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured mouse 308 epidermal cells.
Automated Flight Routing Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming

Airspace capacity reduction due to convective weather impedes air traffic flows and causes traffic congestion. This study presents an algorithm that reroutes flights in the presence of winds, enroute convective weather, and congested airspace based on stochastic dynamic programming. A stochastic disturbance model incorporates into the reroute design process the capacity uncertainty. A trajectory-based airspace demand model is employed for calculating current and future airspace demand. The optimal routes minimize the total expected traveling time, weather incursion, and induced congestion costs. They are compared to weather-avoidance routes calculated using deterministic dynamic programming. The stochastic reroutes have smaller deviation probability than the deterministic counterpart when both reroutes have similar total flight distance. The stochastic rerouting algorithm takes into account all convective weather fields with all severity levels while the deterministic algorithm only accounts for convective weather systems exceeding a specified level of severity. When the stochastic reroutes are compared to the actual flight routes, they have similar total flight time, and both have about 1% of travel time crossing congested enroute sectors on average. The actual flight routes induce slightly less traffic congestion than the stochastic reroutes but intercept more severe convective weather.
Behavioral experimental epilepsy in monkeys. I. Clinical seizure recording apparatus and initial data

Abstract A technique is described for continuously observing and recording the clinical seizure activity of chronic experimental epileptic monkeys. The equipment employed is also directly applicable to human epileptic research. The initial behavioral data on monkeys obtained by this technique are presented.
Muon identification and pion rejection in the 4th concept

We describe a completely new way to reconstruct and identify muons with high efficiency and very high pion rejection in the 4th concept detector. The dual-solenoid magnetic field allows the reconstruction and precision momentum measurement of muons down to a few GeV (just the energy loss in the 10-λint calorimeter and the coil) and the dual-readout calorimeter provides a new, unique and powerful separation of muons from pions. We use test beam data for the calorimeter and calculations for the magnetic fields.
Laser 3He magnetometer for UGS applications

ABSTRACT A miniature absolute magnetometer is being developed by Raytheon Systems Company (RSC) for military applicationsunder the Miniature Unattended Sensor Technology (MUST) program. RSC's advanced magnetometer utilizes a laser tooptically pump and spin polarize 3He in a small glass cell subjected to an applied field of two gauss. The spin polarized 3Henuclei precess about the ambient field at a frequency proportional to the magnitude of the field. Through a process ofrelaxation, the spin polarized 3He becomes depolarized in a time called T2. The precession generates a current in a pickupcoil which is processed for a signal to detect, track and classify the passage of a mobile target. The magnetometer's uniquecharacteristic of low noise at low frequencies makes the sensor well suited for detecting targets at long range.Keywords: magnetometer. helium. laser. optical pumping. paramagnetic, Miniature Unattended Sensor Technology 1. INTRODUCTION This paper describes the development of a miniature laser pumped 3He magnetometer for military applications. Thedevelopment of this sensor is under the Miniature Unattended Sensor Technology (MUST) program which is supported byDr. Edward Carapezza under the DARPA Program (Contract N66001-98-C-8513). Raytheon is presently in the first yearof a 3-year design. development and demonstration of the system. The goal is to demonstrate advanced sensors that provideunattended tactical sensing capability to detect, track, and classify mobile targets. The miniature 3He magnetometer will below power, high performance, affordable and rugged. The magnetometer will operate in environments ranging from openterrain, forest, mountainous. to urban environments. These magnetometers will be capable ofbeing deployed by groundsoldiers. unmanned ground vehicles, or air dropped. The noise level of the miniature 3He magnetometer will be below -60dB relative to 1 nanotesla per root hertz. The magnetometer has its lowest self-noise level at the low signal energyfrequencies, which is necessaiy for detecting targets at long range. Because the device is an absolute total fieldmagnetometer it uses coherent subtraction of the background geomagnetic noise source. The 'He detector is a modificationofthe 1 inch diameter magnetic detector that was developed under a prior Navy contract # N66001-93-C-6000. Theelectronics will consist of miniature Universal Sensor Interface Card (USIC) mixed signal and special electronic chipsdeveloped under the DARPA Autonomous Networked Tactical Sentries (ANTS) program. contract F04701-97-C-0016.The magnetometer will be battery powered and will have capability of normal operation (active mode) or in stand-by sleepmode to conserve power.
Functional verification of a frequency-programmable switch chip with asynchronous clock sections

An integral part of the IBM eServerTM z990 I/O subsystem is the self-timed interface (STI) switch chip. The STI switch is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) designed to provide high I/O connectivity and high bandwidth within the system. The complexity of the functional verification of the STI switch chip is inherent in the implementation of seventeen logical clock domains and the support of six different STI interfaces with programmable frequencies. The logic within these clock domains is connected via asynchronous interfaces. This paper describes the methodology to verify the functionality of the switch chip with various STIs by introducing a combination of verification techniques. This involves random biased stimulus generation, automated result prediction checking, and the use of cycle simulation to stress the logical design. The cycle simulation required new techniques to model equivalent behavior in order to verify the correct integration of nondigital components on the chip. Advanced methods were implemented to ensure correctness of the frequency-dependent design units and functionality across the asynchronous interfaces. A single verification environment was developed, providing the flexibility to seamlessly support the different levels of design abstraction and uncover the design errors at the appropriate level.