cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolite Profiling by Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry

Untargeted metabolite profiling is a discovery tool for the identification of metabolites associated with the responses of perturbations to biological systems, such as a disease. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART MS) promises to be a powerful analytical technique for high-throughput metabolome analysis of human blood sera. Here, we describe the steps involved in untargeted blood sera metabolic profiling experiments using DART MS with two different sample introduction methods: probe-mode and transmission-mode geometries. Information regarding the optimization of different DART parameters that directly affect metabolite desorption and ionization, which thus influence sensitivity, is included.
Anticonvulsant medications for migraine prevention.

Good evidence supports the use of anticonvulsants as a class with overall reduction in number of headaches per month and overall increase in patients achieving 50 percent reduction of headache frequency. Of the medications within this heterogeneous group, valproic acid and divalproex have the strongest evidence to support their use for this indication.
Positron Emission Tomography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging: New Perspectives in Neuroimaging

The rise of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR or MRI) to a preeminent position among the neuroimaging methods has brought about lively debate among the cognoscenti on the advantages, if any, of this diagnostic modality. For reasons which are rather complex, and not always solely “science motivated,” MRI is being frequently pitted against positron emission tomography (PET). This is indeed an unlikely and, superficially, an unevenly matched confrontation. MRI has already recruited legions of practitioners with experts, or soi-disant experts, multiplying by the day. In contrast, the number of investigators who actually deal with PET represents an exiguous maniple. The MRI systems in operation worldwide are already many more than the pitifully few PET units which are mostly “research” dedicated. Also, relatively few neurologists and neurosurgeons, and even fewer neuroradiologists, could point to clinical applications of PET useful in the everyday practice of medicine. Thus the contraposition MRI-PET must find its justification in different aspects than the relative diagnostic merits.
Massive parallel computing: a solution of today's and tomorrow's device and process simulation problems?

The authors examine approaches to process and device simulation based on parallel architectures and consider the suitability of massively parallel computers for this task. Particular attention is given to three-dimensional device simulation and three-dimensional simulation through Monte Carlo techniques. Preliminary computational experience shows that the large parallelism offered by these machines can be effectively exploited for device and process simulation. >
Aortic Cross-Sectional Area/Height Ratio and Outcomes in Patients With a Trileaflet Aortic Valve and a Dilated Aorta

Background:In patients with a dilated proximal ascending aorta and trileaflet aortic valve, we aimed to assess (1) factors independently associated with increased long-term mortality and (2) the in...
Guaranteeing the Absence of Radial Stresses in a Long Hollow Cylinder by the Inhomogeneity of Material

We propose a method for the determination of the thermomechanical characteristics of a functionally graded material guaranteeing the absence of radial stresses in a long hollow cylinder inhomogeneous along the radius if the mass forces are equal to zero. Under given thermal loads applied to the surfaces, we deduce an exact analytic formula playing the role of the condition of vanishing of radial and circumferential stresses in the cylinder and connecting the coefficients of linear thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, Poisson’s ratio of the material, axial loads, and temperature fields. The numerical analysis of the thermomechanical characteristics of an actually existing two-component material is performed on the basis of the Voigt model of simple mixture.
The Phenology and Spatial Distribution of Cavity-Nesting Hymenoptera and Their Parasitoids in a California Oak-Chaparral Landscape Mosaic

Abstract Spatial resource distribution and phenology are critical factors for the development, emergence, and reproduction of solitary hymenopterans. However, the biotic and abiotic conditions that drive changes in their spatiotemporal distributions remain poorly understood. We surveyed the cavity-nesting hymenopteran community in a region of California oak-chaparral habitat over 3 y. Most taxa had short seasonal activity periods, with >90% of observations occurring within a single month for six of eight taxa studied. Predaceous wasps including Euodynerus foraminatus and Trypoxylon tridentatum were most abundant during the warmer mid-season months, while megachilid bees showed divergent phenologies consistent with temporal niche separation by species. Similarly, while some taxa were abundant and widespread across the study site, most showed relatively restricted spatial distributions. Spatial distributions were only partially explained by the dominant vegetation type; although some taxa showed significant...
Retinal Detachment Repair in a Patient With Active Zika Virus Infection

A patient had successful retinal detachment repair during the active phase of serologically confirmed Zika virus infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case documenting a necessary vitreoretinal surgery in a patient with active Zika disease. As more traveling and domestic patients become infected, data on surgical management during active Zika viremia may prove useful.
Dynamics of Various Phospholipase C-B Complexes

Phospholipase C-β (PLCβ) is activated by G protein signals from different hormones and neurotransmitters on the plasma membrane, to mediate increases in intracellular calcium. Surprisingly, we find that PLCβ also localizes to the cytoplasm where it plays an important role in RNA-induced gene silencing by interacting with the component 3 promoter of the RNA-induced silencing complex (C3PO) as well as one of the key components of the RNA-induced silencing machinery, Argonaute 2 (Ago2). We also find that PLCβ distributes between its two binding partners, Gαq and C3PO/Ago2, to promote calcium signaling or RNA-induced silencing. For example, Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation, FLIM and FCS we find that the interaction of PLCβ with Ago2 and C3PO change with neuronal differentiation. We propose that the ability of PLCβ to shuttle between its two binding partners to carry out these two different functions plays a key role in the normal physiological processes of cells.
Book Review: Inside the Castle: Law and Family in 20th Century America, by Joanna L. Grossman and Lawrence M. Friedman

Inside the Castle: Law and Family in 20th Century America, by Joanna L. Grossman and Lawrence M. Friedman, is an entertaining and occasionally frustrating history. In the book’s introduction, the authors offer two big ideas. Their first idea promotes the instrumental explanation of law, and the second idea is the rise in the last part of the twentieth century of what the authors call “individualized marriage.” Both these ideas have been long promoted by Lawrence M. Friedman, one of the nation’s foremost legal historians, and in many respects, the evidence adduced by the authors confirms both big ideas. Grossman and Friedman are persuasive that the law has followed culture in the many varieties of marriage-like relationships. Inside the Castle alights on issues large and small, discussing cases, statutes, and other material from a large number of states. It provides a wide-ranging synthesis of the dramatic changes in family law during the past century. Though the authors’ case that their two big ideas are proven by the historical events they record is occasionally weak, they nonetheless take the reader on an enlightening journey.
Near death by milk of magnesia

We report a case of hypermagnesemia associated with the use of milk of magnesia in a male patient with end-stage renal disease. After experiencing nausea and vomiting, he developed severe bradycardia and then asystole. Resuscitation efforts were successful; however, he developed atrial fibrillation with severe widening of the QRS and diffuse ST elevation, hypothermia, hypotension and apnoea requiring intubation. Initial diagnoses included ST-elevation myocardial infarction, cardiogenic and/or septic shock and hyperkalaemia. However, serum magnesium was later found to be >4.1 mmol/L (equivalent to >10 mg/dL). He underwent haemodialysis (HD) to remove serum magnesium with remarkable overall improvement. Severe hypermagnesemia can manifest with severe bradycardia and asystole, shock, hypothermia and respiratory failure and can mimic acute coronary syndromes complicated with cardiogenic shock or septic shock. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this life-threatening condition in patients with significant renal dysfunction. Timely treatment with HD is highly effective and lifesaving.
Gawain-Poet: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight , to Forget or not to Forget

In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, there is a concern with forgetting chivalric honor, the shameful consequences of which cannot be forgiven but only mitigated through future commendable conduct, a difference between transgressions against honor and faith. By choosing, in the face of mortal danger and the lack of the memorial symbol of the image of Mary, to accept the girdle and renege on his promise to his host, Gawain is a similar figure to others in the so-called penitential romances, such as Sir Isumbras, as well as Boethius’ Consolation of Philosophy, who, due to pride or other sins, suffer from self-forgetfulness.
A Career That Spans the Life of a Social Psychologist

This chapter provides an overview of Morton Deutsch’s career in doing social psychology as well as important influences on the development of his career. In so doing, he described the origins of modern experiential social psychology and organizational psychology.
Ceratothripoides brunneus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Recorded from Florida

Summary The African thrips Ceratothripoides brunneus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is reported for the first time from North America, collected from flowers of Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The affinity of C. brunneus for solanaceous plants in other regions of the world suggests that future detection in Florida commercial tomato, pepper, and eggplant production areas is possible. A literature summary of geographic distribution and biology and a morphological description of adults are provided.
Inferior Olivary TMEM16B Mediates Cerebellar Motor Learning

Ca2+-activated ion channels shape membrane excitability and Ca2+ dynamics in response to cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation. Compared to the Ca2+-activated K+ channels, known as BK and SK channels, the physiological importance of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) in neurons has been largely overlooked. Here we report that CaCCs coexist with BK and SK channels in inferior olivary (IO) neurons that send climbing fibers to innervate cerebellar Purkinje cells for the control of motor learning and timing. Ca2+ influx through the dendritic high-threshold voltage-gated Ca2+ channels activates CaCCs, which contribute to membrane repolarization of IO neurons. Loss of TMEM16B expression resulted in the absence of CaCCs in IO neurons, leading to markedly diminished action potential firing of IO neurons in TMEM16B knockout mice. Moreover, these mutant mice exhibited severe cerebellar motor learning deficits. Our findings thus advance the understanding of the neurophysiology of CaCCs and the ionic basis of IO neuron excitability.
Effects of aging and Parkinson’s disease on motor unit remodeling: influence of resistance exercise training

Aging muscle atrophy is in part a neurodegenerative process revealed by denervation/reinnervation events leading to motor unit remodeling (i.e., myofiber type grouping). However, this process and its physiological relevance are poorly understood, as is the wide-ranging heterogeneity among aging humans. Here, we attempted to address 1) the relation between myofiber type grouping and molecular regulators of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability; 2) the impact of motor unit remodeling on recruitment during submaximal contractions; 3) the prevalence and impact of motor unit remodeling in Parkinson's disease (PD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease; and 4) the influence of resistance exercise training (RT) on regulators of motor unit remodeling. We compared type I myofiber grouping, molecular regulators of NMJ stability, and the relative motor unit activation (MUA) requirement during a submaximal sit-to-stand task among untrained but otherwise healthy young (YA; 26 yr, n = 27) and older (OA; 66 yr, n = 91) adults and OA with PD (PD; 67 yr, n = 19). We tested the effects of RT on these outcomes in OA and PD. PD displayed more motor unit remodeling, alterations in NMJ stability regulation, and a higher relative MUA requirement than OA, suggesting PD-specific effects. The molecular and physiological outcomes tracked with the severity of type I myofiber grouping. Together these findings suggest that age-related motor unit remodeling, manifested by type I myofiber grouping, 1) reduces MUA efficiency to meet submaximal contraction demand, 2) is associated with disruptions in NMJ stability, 3) is further impacted by PD, and 4) may be improved by RT in severe cases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Because the physiological consequences of varying amounts of myofiber type grouping are unknown, the current study aims to characterize the molecular and physiological correlates of motor unit remodeling. Furthermore, because exercise training has demonstrated neuromuscular benefits in aged humans and improved innervation status and neuromuscular junction integrity in animals, we provide an exploratory analysis of the effects of high-intensity resistance training on markers of neuromuscular degeneration in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and age-matched older adults.
CRISPR/CAS9 ablation of individual miRNAs from a miRNA family reveals their individual efficacies for regulating cardiac differentiation.

Abstract Although it is well understood that genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and epigenetic miscues can cause congenital birth defects, many defects are still labeled idiopathic, meaning their origin is not yet understood. microRNAs are quickly entering the causal fray of developmental defects. miRNAs use a 7–8 base-pair seed sequence to target a corresponding sequence on one or multiple mRNAs resulting in rapid down-regulation of translation. miRNAs can also control protein ‘amounts’ in cells. As a result if miRNAs are over or under expressed during development protein homeostasis can be compromised resulting in defects in the development of organ systems. Here, we show that during differentiation of embryonic stem cells, individual miRNAs that reside in the miRNA17 family (composed of 14 miRNAs) do not share the same function even though they have the same seed sequence. The advent of CRISPR/CAS9 technology has not only yielded a true observation of individual miRNA function, it has also reconnected advanced molecular biology approaches to classical cell biology approaches such as gene rescue. We show that miRNA106a and to a lesser extent miR17 and 93 target the cardiac suppressor gene Fog2, which specifically suppress Gata-4 and Coup-TF2. However, when each miRNA is knocked out, we find that their targeting efficacies for Fog2 differ resulting in varying degrees of cardiac differentiation.
Let’s Get “AWARE” of Preventing Violence through Good Mental Health Promotion

In February 2018, the United States experienced yet another devastating mass shooting, this time at a high school in Florida with a total of 17 people left dead. Once again, many politicians who are opposed to stricter gun control shifted the blame to “mental illness” despite themselves having records of seeking cuts to programs that promote good mental health and/or opposing parity between physical and mental health coverage in health insurance.... It is notable that there are evidence-based practices that can be used in schools to promote good mental health and greatly reduce the likelihood of violence....
CYTOKERATIN PROFILES OF CANINE ANAL SAC AND HEPATOID GLAND NEOPLASMS

Ten adenocarcinomas of the apocrine gland of the anal sac and 11 hepatoid gland neoplasms were studied to determine the coordinate expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) using commercially available antibodies. Hepatoid gland neoplasms included hepatoid gland adenomas, carcinomas and a single epithelioma. All 10 (100%) adenocarcinomas of the apocrine gland of the anal sac had CK7+/CK14− immunophenotype, whereas all 11 (100%) of hepatoid neoplasms expressed CK7−/CK14+ immunophenotype. Hepatoid gland adenomas, carcinomas, and epithelioma could not be differentiated based on the cytokeratin immunophenotype. Hepatoid gland neoplasms could be differentiated from adenocarcinomas of the apocrine gland of the anal sac by differences in the CK7/CK14 immunophenotypes with a p-value=0.00. The results of this study provide further support for the use of coordinate expression of CK7/CK14 to differentiate apocrine gland adenocarcinomas of the anal sac (CK7+/CK14−) from hepatoid gland neoplasms (CK7...
Importance ratings on patient-reported outcome items for survivorship care: comparison between pediatric cancer survivors, parents, and clinicians.

To compare importance ratings of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) items from the viewpoints of childhood cancer survivors, parents, and clinicians for further developing short-forms to use in survivorship care. 101 cancer survivors, 101 their parents, and 36 clinicians were recruited from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. Participants were asked to select eight items that they deemed useful for clinical decision making from each of the four Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric item banks. These item banks were pain interference (20 items), fatigue (23 items), psychological stress (19 items), and positive affect (37 items). Compared to survivors, clinicians rated more items across four domains that were statistically different than did parents (23 vs. 13 items). Clinicians rated five items in pain interference domain (ORs 2.33–6.01; p’s < 0.05) and three items in fatigue domain (ORs 2.22–3.80; p’s < .05) as more important but rated three items in psychological stress domain (ORs 0.14–0.42; p’s < .05) and six items in positive affect domain (ORs 0.17–0.35; p’s < .05) as less important than did survivors. In contrast, parents rated seven items in positive affect domain (ORs 0.25–0.47; p’s < .05) as less important than did survivors. Survivors, parents, and clinicians viewed importance of PRO items for survivorship care differently. These perspectives should be used to assist the development of PROs tools.
Dark Intentions or Persuasion?: UX Designers' Activation of Stakeholder and User Values

Formalized frameworks that reference ethics and values have received increasing attention in the HCI community. These methods emphasize the importance of values in relation to design but provide little guidance to reveal the values that are present or have impact on designers' decision making. In this work-inprogress, we identify the values considered by student UX designers when conducting an authentic design task, allowing for interrogation of the possible intentions that underlie their decision making. Our exploratory analysis revealed that participants had sensitivity towards user values, but often contradicted these values through dark, often tacit, intentions to persuade users, thereby achieving stakeholder goals. We provide provocations for future research on the role of ethics and values in practice and design education.
Application of Multilayer Analyzers to 15–150 Å Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Chemical and Valence Band Analysis

Methods and instruments have been developed for efficient spectroscopic analysis in the 15 to 150 A ultrasoft X-ray region using specially designed Langmuir—Blodgett type multilayer analyzers with a flow proportional counter detection system. Simple adaptations of the basic Philips vacuum spectrograph are employed with a high-intensity, demountable, ultrasoft X-ray source to excite fluorescence in the lighter elements for chemical and valence band analysis.
Efficient derivative-free Kalman filters for online learning.

The extended Kalman filter(EKF) is considered one of the most ef- fective methods for both nonlinear state estimation and parameter estimation(e.g., learning the weights of a neural network). Recently, a number of derivative free alternatives to the EKF for state estimation have been proposed. These include the Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF) (1, 2), the Central Difference Filter(CDF) (3) and the closely related Divided Difference Filter(DDF) (4). These filters consistently outperform the EKF for state estimation, at an equal computational complexity of . Extension of the UKF to parameter estimation was presented by Wan and van der Merwe in (5, 6). In this paper, we further develop these techniques for parameter estimation and neural network training. The extension of the CDF and DDF filters to parameter estimation, and their relation to UKF parameter estimation is presented. Most significantly, this paper introduces efficient square-root forms of the different filters. This enables an implementation for parameter esti- mation (equivalent to the EKF), and has the added benefit of improved numerical stability and guaranteed positive semi-definiteness of the Kalman filter covariances.
Rapid Microstructure Assessment in Rolled Steel Products using Laser-Ultrasonics

Metallography is probably the preferred metallurgists’ method to characterize microstructures. Unfortunately, metallographic techniques are time-consuming and destructive. For these reasons, quite often, only a few micrographs are used to characterize large specimens and uniformity is assumed. This assumption may lead, in some cases, to inaccurate interpretations of mechanical properties in terms of microstructures. A nondestructive tool is therefore required to rapidly characterize microstructures.
Racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among older adults--a cross-sectional study.

Background Atrial fibrillation affects 4% to 8% of individuals over 60 years of age based on studies of predominantly white populations, whether this is true among nonwhite individuals is not clear. This study was undertaken to define racial/ethnic differences in atrial fibrillation prevalence among a large community cohort.
Problems of Decatheterization in Long-term Spinal Cord Injury Patients

AbstractThere were 50 men with a mean age of 43.5 years subjected to urodynamic analysis and decatheterization. Of these 50 patients 41 had had indwelling catheters from 1 to 29 years, with a mean of 7.3 years, and 9 had had suprapubic catheters from 1 to 14 years, with a mean of 9.8 years. Previous attempts at decatheterization in about 70 per cent of these patients had failed owing to severe autonomic dysreflexia and fear of progressive upper tract damage. Of the 50 patients 15 (30 per cent) had had vesicoureteral reflux and 16 (32 per cent) had been treated repeatedly for bladder and kidney stones. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia was detected in 58 per cent of the patients. All patients with suprapubic tubes had a contractile bladder, compared to only 33 per cent of the patients with indwelling catheters. After transurethral sphincterotomy all patients were decatheterized, which resulted in marked general improvement, amelioration of autonomic dysreflexia and easy control of urinary tract infection in 8...
Estrogens and Depression in Women

Publisher Summary Although the role of estrogen in the treatment of hot flushes has been consistently documented, the relationship between perimenopause-related changes in estrogen and depression remains to be established. In contrast, a considerable literature documents the widespread and important neuroregulatory effects of estrogen in animals, suggesting a neurobiologic basis for several recent reports of the salutary effects of estrogen on mood. This chapter reviews the effects of estrogen on the central nervous system (CNS) and mood; the relationship between perimenopause/postmenopause and depression; and the clinical evaluation and management of depression during the perimenopause. The majority of women do not develop depression during the menopausal transition, and the perimenopause is not uniformly associated with changes in a woman's mood. Epidemiologic studies examining gender and age-related differences in the 6-month to 1-year prevalence of major depression report no increased prevalence of major depression in women at midlife. Nonetheless, although the postmenopause is not associated with an increased risk for developing depression in women, depressive symptoms are observed more frequently in perimenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women in several longitudinal, community-based studies as well as in women attending gynecology clinics. The timing of appearance of the depressions observed suggest an endocrine mechanism related to the perimenopause in the pathophysiology of perimenopausal depression.
OpenStack Network Acceleration Scheme for Datacenter Intelligent Applications

Cloud virtualization and multi-tenant networking provide Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers a new and innovative way to offer on-demand services to their customers, such as easy provisioning of new applications and better resource efficiency and scalability. However, existing data-intensive intelligent applications require more powerful processors, higher bandwidth and lower-latency networking service. In order to boost the performance of computing and networking services, as well as reduce the overhead of software virtualization, we propose a new data center network design based on OpenStack. Specifically, we map the OpenStack networking services to the hardware switch and utilize hardware-accelerated L2 switch and L3 routing to solve the software limitations, as well as achieve software-like scalability and flexibility. We design our prototype system via the Arista Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) switch and provide an automatic script which abstracts the service layer that decouples OpenStack from the physical network infrastructure, thereby providing vendor-independence. We have evaluated the performance improvement in terms of bandwidth, delay, and system resource utilization using various tools and under various Quality-of-Service (QoS) constraints. Our solution demonstrates improved cloud scaling and network efficiency via only one touch point to control all vendors' devices in the data center.
Coming-Out Experiences of a Gay Male Volleyball Player

A small but growing body of research has investigated the experience of gay male athletes “coming out” in sport, a historically homophobic environment. In this exploratory case study, the experienc...
The Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uniporter Complex (MCUC) of Trypanosoma brucei Is a Hetero-oligomer That Contains Novel Subunits Essential for Ca 2+ Uptake.

ABSTRACT The mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) is a highly selective channel that conducts calcium ions across the organelle inner membrane. We previously characterized Trypanosoma brucei’s MCU (TbMCU) as an essential component of the MCUC required for parasite viability and infectivity. In this study, we characterize its paralog T. brucei MCUb (TbMCUb) and report the identification of two novel components of the complex that we named TbMCUc and TbMCUd. These new MCUC proteins are unique and conserved only in trypanosomatids. In situ tagging and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that they colocalize with TbMCU and TbMCUb to the mitochondria of T. brucei. Blue Native PAGE and immunodetection analyses indicated that the MCUC proteins exist in a large protein complex with a molecular weight of approximately 380 kDa. RNA interference (RNAi) or overexpression of the TbMCUc and TbMCUd genes significantly reduced or enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in T. brucei, respectively, without affecting the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that they are essential components of the MCUC of this parasite. The specific interactions of TbMCU with TbMCUb, TbMCUc, or TbMCUd were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) assays. Furthermore, combining mutagenesis analysis with MYTH assays revealed that transmembrane helices (TMHs) were determinant of the interactions between TbMCUC subunits. In summary, our study has identified two novel essential components of the MCUC of T. brucei and defined their direct physical interactions with the other subunits that result in a hetero-oligomeric MCUC. IMPORTANCETrypanosoma brucei causes human African trypanosomiasis and nagana in animals. The finding of a mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) conserved in this parasite was essential for the discovery of the gene encoding the pore subunit. Mitochondrial Ca2+ transport mediated by the MUC complex is critical in Trypanosoma brucei for shaping the dynamics of cytosolic Ca2+ increases, for the bioenergetics of the cells, and for viability and infectivity. We found that one component of the complex (MCUb) does not act as a dominant negative effector of the channel as in vertebrate cells and that the TbMCUC possesses two unique subunits (MCUc and MCUd) present only in trypanosomatids and required for Ca2+ transport. The study of the interactions between these four subunits (MCU, MCUb, MCUc, and MCUd) by a variety of techniques that include coimmunoprecipitation, split-ubiquitin membrane-based yeast two-hybrid assays, and site-directed mutagenesis suggests that they interact through their transmembrane helices to form hetero-oligomers.
Value-thinking and location-thinking: Two ways students visualize points and think about graphs

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of students’ thinking about aspects of graphs in the context of evaluating statements about real-valued functions from Calculus. We conducted clinical interviews in which undergraduate students evaluated mathematical statements using graphs to explain their reasoning. From our data analysis, we found two ways students think about graphs, value-thinking and location-thinking. These two ways of thinking were rooted in students’ attention to different attributes of points on graphs we provided: either the values represented by the points or the locations of the points in space. In this paper, we report our classification of students’ thinking about aspects of graphs in terms of value-thinking and location-thinking. Our findings indicate that students’ thinking about aspects of graphs accounts for key differences in their understandings of mathematical statements. We discuss some implications of our findings for instruction and curriculum development in Calculus and beyond.
Adaptive Memory: The Mnemonic Power of Survival-Based Generation.

Four experiments investigated the mnemonic effects of generating survival situations. People were given target words and asked to generate survival situations involving that stimulus (e.g., DOOR: "I'm in a house that's on fire, and I can escape through the door"). No constraints were placed on the generation process, other than that it must be survival-related and refer to the target stimulus. Following a series of these generation trials people were given a surprise retention test for the target words. Across four experiments the survival generation task produced significantly better retention than several deep processing controls including: (a) a pleasantness-rating task, (b) an autobiographical retrieval task, and (c) a task that required people to generate unusual uses for the target items. These results demonstrate the power of survival processing in a new way and provide diagnostic information about the proximate mechanisms that may underlie survival processing advantages. They also extend the generality of survival processing beyond the standard relevance-rating procedure that has been used in virtually all prior research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
International Entrepreneurship (IE) in the Age of Political Turbulence

Technological changes, especially the emergence of digital platforms and ecosystems, and the emergence of supportive institutions have promoted international entrepreneurship (IE) activities and re...
On characterization and properties of replete Wallman spaces

The subset of lattice regular zero-one valued measures on an algebra generated by a lattice (a Wallman-type space) which integrates all lattice continuous functions on an arbitrary setX is introduced and some properties of it are presented.
Wind-induced instabilities and monitoring of wind turbine

This paper presents real-time monitoring data and analysis results of the non-stationary vibrations of an operational wind turbine. The advanced time-frequency spectrum analysis reveals varied non-stationary vibrations with timevarying frequencies, which are correlated with certain system natural modes characterized by finite element analysis. Under the effects of strong wind load, the wind turbine system exhibits certain resonances due to blade passing excitations. The system also exhibits certain instabilities due to the coupling of the tower bending modes and blade flapwise mode with blade passing excitations under the variation of wind speed. An analytical model is used to elaborate the non-stationary and instability phenomena observed in experimental results. The properties of the nonlinear instabilities are evaluated by using Lyapunov exponent estimation.
Quantum kinetic theory of spin polarization of massive quarks in perturbative QCD: Leading log

We present the quantum kinetic equation for the spin polarization of massive quarks in leading-log order of perturbative QCD, which describes time evolution of the spin density matrix in momentum space of a massive quark interacting with a background QCD plasma. We find that the time evolution operator of the spin density matrix or the quantum kinetic collision terms are universally of order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{2}\mathrm{log}(1/{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ in terms of the QCD coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}={g}^{2}/(4\ensuremath{\pi})$. Our quantum kinetic equation is valid for an arbitrary quark mass $m\ensuremath{\gg}{m}_{D}\ensuremath{\sim}gT$, where ${m}_{D}$ is the Debye mass, and can be used to study relaxation dynamics of spin polarization of massive quarks in the perturbative QCD regime.
Thrombophilia and their detection

Abstract Thrombophilia is defined as an abnormality of the coagulation or fibrinolytic system that results in a hypercoagulable state and increases the risk of an individual for thrombotic event where intravascular thrombus formation may be arterial or venous. The predisposition to form such blood clot may arise from genetic or acquired factor. Established genetic factors associated with thrombophilia include factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene mutation, protein C or S deficiency, and antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency. Less common or rare genetic defects are also associated with thrombophilia including hyperhomocysteinemia, dysfibrinogenemia, elevated factor VIII, factor IX, and XI, and elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp [a]). Acquired causes of thrombophilia are more common that inherited causes. Trauma, surgery, immobilization, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, use of oral contraceptive, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia are all acquired causes of thrombophilia. Lupus anticoagulant (lupus antibody; LA) and anticardiolipin antibodies are commonly encountered in patients who are at higher risk of thrombotic events. Various diagnostic tests for detection of thrombophilia are also discussed.
Flight photon counting EMCCDs for the WFIRST coronagraph (Conference Presentation)

A photon counting camera based on a modified Teledyne-e2v CCD201-20 electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) is being developed for the NASA WFIRST coronagraph, an exoplanet imaging technology development of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, CA). The coronagraph is designed to demonstrate technologies required to directly image planets around nearby stars, and to characterize their spectra. The planets are exceedingly faint, providing signals similar to the detector dark current, and require the use of photon counting detectors. Red sensitivity (600-980nm) is preferred to capture spectral features of interest. EMCCDs are baselined both as science and wavefront sensors in the coronagraph in order to simplify the system architecture. We are engaged in a technology development program with Teledyne-e2v to ruggedize the sensors for use in space. The modified detectors minimize the required number of charge transfers and the exposure of signal charge to trap defects in order to extend their lifetime in space. In this paper we will summarize our progress, program status, and plans for flight development.
Crisis en la eurozona

Resena de la obra de: LAPAVITSAS, Costas et al. (2013) Crisis en la eurozona. Madrid, Ed. Capitan Swing Libros, 311 pp.
Vancomycin Powder Use in Fractures at High Risk of Surgical Site Infection.

Objectives To determine if the use of intrawound vancomycin powder reduces surgical-site infection after open reduction and internal fixation of bicondylar tibial plateau, tibial pilon, and calcaneus fractures. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Level I trauma center. Patients All fractures operatively treated from January 2011 to February 2015 were reviewed; 583 high-risk fractures were included, of which 35 received topical vancomycin powder. A previously published prospectively collected cohort of 235 similar high-risk fractures treated at our center from 2007 through 2010 served as a second comparison group. Intervention Topical vancomycin powder at wound closure. Main outcome measurements Deep surgical-site infection. Analyses used both univariate comparison of all patients and 1:2 matching analysis using both nearest neighbor and propensity-based matching. Results Compared with a control group of fractures treated during the same time period without vancomycin powder, the infection rate with vancomycin powder was significantly lower [0% (0/35) vs. 10.6% (58/548), P = 0.04]. Compared with our previously published historical infection rate of 13% for these injuries, vancomycin powder was also associated with significantly decreased deep surgical-site infection (0% vs. 13%, P = 0.02). These results agreed with the matched analyses, which also showed lower infection in the vancomycin powder group (0% vs. 11%-16%, P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Vancomycin powder may play a role in lowering surgical-site infection rates after fracture fixation. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to validate our findings. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Knowledge-Based QRS Detection Performed by a Cascade of Moving Average Filters

The detection of QRS complexes is a crucial step since all the subsequent processing of the ECG signal is very sensitive to the accuracy of this detection. This study presents an accurate and computationally efficient approach to heartbeat detection based on preprocessing and enhancement of the QRS complexes by means of cascades of moving averages. Several derivative QRS-enhancing moving averages filters were defined which were characterized by different shapes of the impulsive response. In the initialization phase of the algorithm, the best filter for each record was selected by maximizing a specifically defined signal quality index. Detection of the QRS complex was based on a decision logic and a set of adaptive thresholds. The MIT-BIH, QTDB and EU ST-T databases were considered for performance evaluation and comparison with the output of some publicly available QRS Pan-Tompkins detectors, obtaining results comparable to the best reported in the literature (F1=99.84% and 98.46% on MIT-BIH channel 1 and 2 respectively).
The association of sleep disturbances with burning mouth syndrome: An overlooked relationship-A qualitative systematic review.

OBJECTIVES To review the relevant literature to assess whether patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are more prone to have sleep disturbances than general population. METHODS The literature search for relevant articles was from July 2020 to March 2021. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, and Scopus was conducted to search for relevant studies. The quality of studies was assessed in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines and using the software SUMARI-The System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. Confidence in the findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach. RESULTS A total of 1064 studies were initially identified from the search; six studies, two cross-sectional and four case-control, met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this systematic review. Sleep disturbances were a required outcome measured in selected studies evaluating symptoms of BMS. For studies that were included in the final analyses, BMS was found to relate to several dimensions of sleep including sleep disturbance and duration (n = 6), sleep affecting daytime function (n = 4), sleep quality (n = 6), sleep efficiency (n = 4), and ability to fall asleep (n = 4). Consistent evidence of moderate confidence found that BMS was associated with greater sleep disturbance, reduced sleep quality, increased time taken to fall asleep, reduced sleep efficiency, and poor daytime function, whereas evidence of low confidence was found regarding the association of BMS with reduced sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Although the presented studies could not establish a direct causal relationship between BMS and sleep disturbances, it supports the evidence that sleep disturbance is associated with symptoms of BMS. Management strategies to improve sleep may be considered in future research for managing BMS patients.
Targeted Delivery of Electrical Shocks and Epinephrine, Guided by Ventricular Fibrillation Amplitude Spectral Area, Reduces Electrical and Adrenergic Myocardial Burden, Improving Survival in Swine.

Background We previously reported that resuscitation delivering electrical shocks guided by real‐time ventricular fibrillation amplitude spectral area (AMSA) enabled return of spontaneous circulati...
The politics of official apologies

Intense interest in past injustice lies at the centre of contemporary world politics. Most scholarly and public attention has focused on truth commissions, trials, lustration, and other related decisions, following political transitions. This book examines the political uses of official apologies in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. It explores why minority groups demand such apologies and why governments do or do not offer them. Nobles argues that apologies can help to alter the terms and meanings of national membership. Minority groups demand apologies in order to focus attention on historical injustices. Similarly, state actors support apologies for ideological and moral reasons, driven by their support of group rights, responsiveness to group demands, and belief that acknowledgment is due. Apologies, as employed by political actors, play an important, if underappreciated, role in bringing certain views about history and moral obligation to bear in public life.
A novel predictive modeling framework: combining association rule discovery with em algorithm

Building predictive models and finding patterns are two fundamental problems in data mining. This thesis focuses on making contributions to these two areas. In recent years, there have been increasing efforts to apply association rule mining to build predictive models, which have resulted in the areas of Associative Classification (AC) and Associative Regression (AR). The first major contribution of this thesis is a novel predictive modeling framework that can be applied to build both AC and AR models. The resulting classification/regression model is called ACEM/AREM. ACEM/AREM derives a set of classification/regression rules by: (i) applying an instance based approach to mine itemsets which form the rules' left hand side, and (ii) developing a probabilistic model which determines, for each mined itemset, the corresponding rule's parameters. The key contributions of ACEM/AREM include the probabilistic model that is able to capture interactions among itemsets and an expectation and maximization (EM) algorithm that is derived to learn rule parameters. The extensive experimental evaluation shows that the EM optimization can improve the predictive performance dramatically. We also show that ACEM/AREM can perform better than some of the state of the art classification/regression models. The second major contribution of this thesis is the development of effective pruning methods that lead to efficient algorithms for two pattern mining problems. The first pattern mining problem is the instance based itemset mining of ACEM/AREM. ACEM/AREM utilizes an Instance-Based Itemset Miner (IBIMiner) algorithm to discover best itemsets for each training instance. IBIMiner incorporates various methods to bound the quality of any future extensions of the itemset under consideration. Our experiments show that these bounds allow IBIMiner to considerably prune the size of the search space. The second pattern mining problem is the extention of association rule mining to the dyadic datasets. These are the datasets where the features are naturally partitioned into two groups of distinct types. Traditional association rule mining methods employ metrics (e.g., confidence) that fail to distinguish the two types of features. We address this problem by proposing a new metric called dual-lift that captures the interaction between features. Based on that, we formulate a constraint pattern mining problem, which is solved by an efficient algorithm that pushes various constraints deeply into the rule mining process. We apply the dual-lift mining formulation to some real world applications and show some interesting results.
Degradation of 14C-labeled lignins and 14C-labeled aromatic acids by Fusarium solani.

Abilities of isolate AF-W1 of Fusarium solani to degrade the side chain and the ring structure of synthetic dehydrogenative polymerizates, aromatic acids, or lignin in sound wood were investigated under several conditions of growth substrate or basal medium and pH. Significant transformations of lignins occurred in 50 days in both unextracted and extracted sound wood substrates with 3% malt as the growth substrate and the pH buffered initially at 4.0 with 2,2-dimethylsuccinate. Degradation of lignin in such woods also occurred under unbuffered pH conditions when a basal medium of either 3% malt or powdered cellulose in deionized water was present. Decomposition of the lignin in these woods did not occur in cultures where d-glucose was present as a growth substrate. F. solani significantly transformed, as measured as evolved 14CO2, both synthetic side chain (β, γ)-14C- and U-ring-14C-labeled lignins in 30 days under liquid culture conditions of only distilled deionized water and no pH adjustment. Degradation of dehydrogenative polymerizates by F. solani was reduced drastically when D2 was the liquid medium. AF-W1 also cleaved the α-14C from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and evolved 14CO2 from the substrate, [3-14C]cinnamic acid. Thus, the fungus cleaved side chain carbon from substrate that originally lacked hydroxyl substitution on the aromatic nucleus. Surprisingly, small amounts of 14C cleaved from aromatic acids by F. solani were incorporated into cell mass. Initial buffering of the culture medium to pH 4.0 or 5.0 with 0.1 M 2,2-dimethylsuccinate significantly increased F. solani degradation of all lignins or aromatic acids. Results indicated that AF-W1 used lignin as a sole carbon source.