cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specificity of the bilingual advantage for memory: examining cued recall, generalization, and working memory in monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual toddlers

The specificity of the bilingual advantage in memory was examined by testing groups of monolingual, bilingual, and trilingual 24-month-olds on tasks tapping cued recall, memory generalization and working memory. For the cued recall and memory generalization conditions, there was a 24-hour delay between time of encoding and time of retrieval. In addition to the memory tasks, parent-toddler dyads completed a picture-book reading task, in order to observe emotional responsiveness, and a parental report of productive vocabulary. Results indicated no difference between language groups on cued recall, working memory, emotional responsiveness, or productive vocabulary, but a significant difference was found in the memory generalization condition with only the bilingual group outperforming the baseline control group. These results replicate and extend results from past studies (Brito and Barr, 2012; 2014; Brito et al., in press) and suggest a bilingual advantage specific to memory generalization.
Generating Alternatives Using Evolutionary Algorithms for Water Resources and Environmental Management Problems

Contemporary heuristic search procedures [e.g., evolutionary algorithms (EAs)] continue to offer increased capabilities for systematic search for a range of water resources and environmental management problems. These problems are often riddled, however, with numerous unquantifiable issues that are important when making decisions, but escape being incorporated in the system model. The mathematically optimal solution to such an incompletely defined model may be found unrealistic or altogether incorrect for the real problem. Optimization procedures could still be made useful if they can be utilized effectively to generate, in addition to the optimal solution, a small number of different alternatives that are near optimal. Alternatives with maximal differences in the decision variable values are expected to perform differently with respect to the unmodeled issues, providing valuable choices when making decisions. Although successful alternative generation procedures have been reported for mathematical progra...
Indicators of Well-Being Among Children in the United States Child Welfare System

The second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II) is a longitudinal study intended to answer a range of fundamental questions about the functioning, service needs, and service use of children who come in contact with the child welfare system. The study includes 5,873 children ranging in age from birth to 17.5 years old at the time of sampling. The current analysis summarizes the well-being of these children at NSCAW II baseline. Overall, children reported for maltreatment in 2008–2009 were at higher risk for poor health and negative developmental, behavioral/emotional, and cognitive outcomes than children in the general population. Overall, 32.2 % of children from birth to 5 years old had a score indicating developmental problems. Among school-aged children and adolescents, 10.3 % showed some risk of cognitive problems or low academic achievement and 41.6 % exhibited risk of emotional or behavioral problems. Child well-being outcomes differed by age and gender but not by substantiation status or type of maltreatment. Proactively providing needed services at an early age to all children in need in the CWS is urged, because early services may well preempt these children’s need for extensive future developmental, mental health, and educational services.
Protein disulfide crosslinking stabilizes a polyoma large T antigen-host protein complex on the nuclear matrix.

Abstract We have investigated the effects of intermolecular disulfide crosslinking and temperature-dependent insolubilization of nuclear proteins in vitro on the association of the polyoma large T antigen with the nuclear matrix in polyomavirus-infected mouse 3T6 cells. Nuclear matrices, prepared from polyomavirus-infected 3T6 cells by sequential extraction of isolated nuclei with 1% Triton X-100 (Triton wash), DNase I, and 2 M NaCl (high salt extract) at 4 °C, represented 18% of total nuclear protein. Incubation of nuclei with 1 m M sodium tetrathionate (NaTT) to induce disulfide crosslinks or at 37 °C to induce temperature-dependent insolubilization prior to extraction, transferred an additional 9–18% of the nuclear protein from the high salt extract to the nuclear matrix. This additional protein represented primarily an increased recovery of the same nuclear protein subset present in nuclear matrices prepared from untreated nuclei. Major constituents of chromatin including histones, hnRNP core proteins, and 98% of nuclear DNA were removed in the high salt extract following either incubation. Polyoma large T antigen was quantified in subcellular fractions by immunoblotting with rat anti-T ascites. Approximately 60–70% of the T antigen was retained in nuclei isolated in isotonic sucrose buffer at pH 7.2. Most (>95 %) of the T antigen retained in untreated nuclei was extracted by DNase-high salt treatment. Incubation at 37 °C or with NaTT transferred most (>95%) of the T antigen to the nuclear matrix. T antigen solubilized from NaTT-treated matrices with 1% SDS sedimented on sucrose gradients as a large (50-S) complex. These complexes, isolated by immunoprecipitation with anti-T sera, were dissociated by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, and SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that T antigen was crosslinked in stoichiometric amounts to several host proteins: 150, 129, 72, and 70 kDa. These host proteins were not present in anti-T immunoprecipitates of solubilized nuclear matrices prepared from iodoacetamidetreated cells. Our results suggest that the majority of polyomavirus large T antigen in infected cells is localized to a specific subnuclear domain which is distinct from the bulk chromatin and is closely associated with the nuclear matrix.
Soviet in public, Azeri in private: Gender, Islam, and nationality in Soviet and post-Soviet Azerbaijan

Abstract This paper focuses on the intersection of gender, state socialism, nationality, and religion in the newly independent republic of Azerbaijan. It demonstrates that although Muslim Azeri women have accomplished an impressive level of emancipation, their overall status remains flawed with contradictions and duality. Similar to women of several other countries in the Muslim world confronting colonial domination or semicolonial intrusion, Azeri women's liberation has been held hostage to their assigned responsibility as the primary repositories of tradition, and ethnic and national identity. At the end, the gender dynamics of recent changes and the new search for national identity in the ethnically contested and war-stricken context of post-Soviet Azerbaijan is briefly explored.
The effect of temperature on the gut clearance rate constant of planktonic copepods

Abstract Estimation of ingestion rates from gut contents requires accurate determination of gut clearance rate constants. One of the most important factors affecting gut clearance rate constant is temperature. However, there have been few studies linking these two variables. Employing a combination of shipboard and laboratory experiments, we examined the relationship between gut clearance rate constant and temperature (0–17°C) in the neritic copepod Temora longicornis (Muller). Gut clearance rate constant (K) of T. longicornis was positively related to temperature (T) and the relationship was best described by the equation K = 0.0119 + 0.001904T (r2 = 0.75, n = 14, Q10 = 2.16). We also surveyed the literature on the relationship between K and T for a wide variety of copepods over a large temperature range ( − 1 to 19.5°C) and combined these data with our own observations. A linear model also fitted this set of data well (K = 0.0117 + 0.001794T; r2 = 0.72, n = 44, Q10 = 2.21). We suggest that K may be estimated from the above equations by knowledge of ambient temperature if food conditions are not limiting.
Implications of Rising Prediabetes Prevalence

Given the burden of type 2 diabetes and its complications, much attention has been given to prevention, beginning with identifying at-risk individuals prior to diagnosis. This has led to the designation of “prediabetes,” which is an intermediate form of dysglycemia on a spectrum ranging from normal to overt diabetes. The American Diabetes Association defines prediabetes as a fasting glucose of 100 to <126 mg/dL (impaired fasting glucose [IFG]), a 2-h plasma glucose of 140 to <200 mg/dL after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]), or HbA1c 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) to <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) (1). Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL portends an increased risk of diabetes (2,3), cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women (2), and mortality (4). HbA1c levels 5.5% (37 mmol/mol) to <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes and CVD compared with levels <5.5% (37 mmol/mol) even after adjustment for fasting glucose and key CVD risk factors (3). Because of these associated risks, surveillance of prediabetes allows better prediction of diabetes trends and of the resources that will be required to treat rising diabetes. In the current issue of Diabetes Care , Bullard et al. (5) review secular trends in U.S. prediabetes prevalence using National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2010. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) to <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or fasting glucose 100 to < 126 mg/dL; oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were not used. Participants completed a household interview followed by physical examination at mobile centers. A total of 19,182 participants ages ≥12 years were included in …
Injured Workers' Underreporting in the Health Care Industry: An Analysis Using Quantitative, Qualitative, and Observational Data.

Underreporting of occupational injuries was examined in four health care facilities using quantitative, qualitative, and observational data. Occupational Safety and Health Administration logs accounted for only one-third of the workers’ compensation records; 45 percent of injured workers followed by survey had workers’ compensation claims. Workers reported 63 percent of serious occupational injuries. Underreporting is explained by time pressure and workers’ doubts about eligibility, reputation, income loss, and career prospects. Though aware of underreporting, managers subtly believe in workers’ moral hazard behaviors.
Numerical simulation of the wake of a towed sphere in a weakly stratified fluid

We present some preliminary results from using large-eddy simulation to compute the late wake of a sphere towed at constant speed through a non-stratified and a uniformly stratified fluid. The wake is computed in each case for two values of the Reynolds number: Re = 10 4 , which is comparable to that used in laboratory experiments, and Re = 10 5 . An important aspect of the simulation is the use of an iterative procedure to relax the initial turbulence field so that the normal and shear turbulent stresses are properly correlated and the turbulent production and dissipation are in equilibrium. For the lower Reynolds number our results compare well with existing laboratory experimental results. For the higher Reynolds number we find that even though the turbulence is more developed and the wake contains finer structure, most of the similarity properties of the wake are unchanged compared with those observed at the lower Reynolds number
Matrix Metalloproteinases and their Tissue Inhibitors as Prognostic Indicators for Diagnostic and Surgical Recurrence in Crohn's Disease

Background: Recurrence of disease after surgically induced remission constitutes a major and largely unpredictable problem in Crohn's disease (CD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) are involved in the (etio)pathogenesis of CD and may thereby also affect postsurgical outcome. We studied the predictive value of 1) allelic composition at MMP, TIMP, and TNF-α single nucleotide polymorphism loci, and 2) MMP and TIMP intestinal protein levels relative to important clinical variables for recurrence of CD after resection of diseased bowel. Methods: From 87 CD patients with a full medical record, surgically resected tissue was homogenized and analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype and MMP-TIMP protein levels. The prognostic value of these parameters was determined using the uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. Results: The T allele at TIMP-1 SNP +372 T/C was found to be associated with an increased risk for surgical recurrence. Higher levels of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-9 in noninflamed CD tissue, but not in inflamed tissue, and negative smoking status independently protected against diagnostic and/or surgical recurrence. Conclusions: The TIMP-1 SNP +372 T allele with an increased risk of recurrence is in line with our previous results demonstrating increased CD susceptibility and low TIMP-1 protein expression associated with this allele. High TIMP and MMP-9 levels in noninflamed tissue are predictive of a favorable disease recurrence in CD. The contribution of MMP-9 and TIMPs to disease recurrence appears not to be mediated by smoking status, since no correlation with this parameter could be demonstrated. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008)
Patterns of seasonal occurrence, distribution, and site fidelity of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in southern New Jersey, U.S.A.

Coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) form a mosaic of resident and seasonal migratory populations along the United States Atlantic seaboard. Seasonal, poorly known migrants (identified as a separate stock) move as far north as New Jersey. During 2003—2005, 73 boat-based photo-identification surveys were conducted in southern New Jersey to discern seasonal occurrence, distribution, and patterns of movement and site fidelity. Neonates, young-of-year, and adults occurred in the study area from late May through late September, corresponding to water temperatures of 14.0-16.3°C. Of 205 individuals identified, 44% (n = 90) were sighted multiple times within or among years, including 10% (n = 20) of individuals identified in all 3 yr. Almost half (47%) of the multiple sightings were observed along a core area encompassed by the southern part of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve. In contrast to stocks studied in southern coastal areas of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, estuaries were used significantly less than open-beach habitat, which is consistent with the relative prey abundance in these habitats. Research at additional sites will help confirm whether bottlenose dolphins at the northern end of their migratory range exhibit local site fidelity and habitat preferences similar to those found in this study.
A real-time algorithm for fair interprocess synchronization

The implementation of nondeterministic pairwise synchronous communication among a set of asynchronous processes is modeled as a binary interaction problem. An algorithm for this problem, which satisfies a strong fairness property that guarantees freedom from process starvation, is described. The message and time complexities are independent of the total number of processes in the system. The ways in which the algorithm may be extended to cope with fail-stop process failures are discussed. >
Foaming of low-density polyethylene in a dynamic decompression and cooling process

Effects of the properties of polymers and blowing liquids on the macrostructure and microstructure of foamed products in a dynamic decompression and cooling (DDC) process have been investigated. When the homogeneous solutions, prepared by the heating and mixing of the mixtures of low-density polyethylenes (LDPE) and chlorinated hydrocarbons under nitrogen (N 2 ), go through a rapid pressure quench above the boiling point of the liquids, bubbles nucleate out through liquid/gas phase separation and grow through diffusion and expansion of the gaseous phases. Foam cell stabilization is improved by polymers exhibiting higher extensional hardening and blowing liquids possessing higher latent heat of evaporation. Resultant LDPE foams have mixed cell structures: in the skin parts, more cells are closed, but more cells are open in the core parts. In the polymer matrix, micromorphologies of granules, fibers, and fiber networks, with oriented lamellae, are observed. The formation of these complex structures is described in terms of phase and deformation behaviors of the solutions.
Implementation of neural network controller for unknown systems

With both neural network theory and custom VLSI technology becoming more advanced, it is now possible to implement adaptive-type control strategies using VLSI-based neural networks. The reported work addresses three issues: developing a general control system structure for control of unknown systems; developing the neural network paradigm for the controller, a multilayer feedforward network which is trained using a variant of the backpropagation algorithm; and the VLSI implementation of the neural network paradigm using basic analog VLSI building blocks. Simulations that support the proposed VLSI layout are presented. >
Computing hereditary convex structures

Color red and blue the n vertices of a convex polytope P in R3. Can we compute the convex hull of each color class in o(n log n)? What if we have k > 2 colors? What if the colors are random? Consider an arbitrary query halfspace and call the vertices of P inside it blue: can the convex hull of the blue points be computed in time linear in their number? More generally, can we quickly compute the blue hull without looking at the whole polytope? This paper considers several instances of hereditary computation and provides new results for them. In particular, we resolve an eight-year old open problem by showing how to split a convex polytope in linear expected time.
Oil Can Make A Difference: Collaborating With NGOs In Azerbaijan

This study reports the findings from a 2006-2007 research project of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Azerbaijan. There is reason to believe that the changes in Azerbaijan's economy because of oil in the Caspian Sea will spur added growth of NGOs and be a catalyst for an expanded civil society, if only because of the international attention that such development brings. As an integral part of the development of a civil society, NGOs serve a special mediating role between the government and the population and they can be important forces for change. They can fill service and program gaps and meet local needs when government is unwilling or unable to do so. Using principles for the development of civil societies, the NGOs in Azerbaijan are slowly making progress. Current practices were documented through interviews conducted by the author, literature reviews, correspondence and record review. There are serious concerns that international businesses must be aware of when doing business in Azerbaijan and forming mutually beneficial partnerships with NGOs.
Pairs of Vp1 Cysteine Residues Essential for Simian Virus 40 Infection

Transient disulfide bonding occurs during the intracellular folding and pentamerization of simian virus 40 (SV40) major capsid protein Vp1 (P. P. Li, A. Nakanishi, S. W. Clark, and H. Kasamatsu, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:1353-1358, 2002). We investigated the requirement for Vp1 cysteine pairs during SV40 infection. Our analysis identified three Vp1 double-cysteine mutant combinations that abolished viability as assayed by plaque formation. Mutating the Cys49-Cys87 pair or the Cys87-Cys254 pair led to ineffective nuclear localization and diminished accumulation of the mutant Vp1s, and the defect extended in a dominant-negative manner to the wild-type minor capsid proteins Vp2/3 and an affinity-tagged recombinant Vp1 expressed in the same cells. Mutating the Cys87-Cys207 pair preserved the nuclear localization and normal accumulation of the capsid proteins but diminished the production of virus-like particles. Our results are consistent with a role for Cys49, Cys87, and Cys254 in the folding and cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking of Vp1 and with a role for Cys87 and Cys207 in the assembly of infectious particles. These findings suggest that transient disulfide bond formation between certain Vp1 cysteine residues functions at two stages of SV40 infection: during Vp1 folding and oligomerization in the cytoplasm and during virion assembly in the nucleus.
Endoscopic arytenoid repositioning for unilateral arytenoid fixation

Objectives: To describe a new endoscopic technique for medialization of the laterally fixed arytenoid. The surgical technique, endoscopic arytenoid repositioning, is described, and the results of a series of cases are discussed. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Eight patients underwent the procedure. Six patients were available for long-term follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative voice ratings were compared to evaluate the success of the procedure. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 64 months (mean follow-up, 31.5 mo). Results: Long-term follow-up in six cases revealed that 67% (4 of 6) patients had normal or near-normal postoperative voices and one patient experienced moderate improvement. The mean preoperative voice score was 4.24, and the mean postoperative voice score was 1.83 (range, 1-5). The difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusions: Endoscopic arytenoid repositioning is a newly described procedure with a very specific indication: a unilateral, laterally fixed arytenoid complex resulting in a severely dysphonic voice. Though technically demanding, this procedure provides a promising option for medialization of the posterior glottis in a scarred larynx.
Treatment dissemination and evidence-based practice: Strengthening intervention through clinician-researcher collaboration

Youth clinical practice and research have rich traditions and share important goals. Linking the two traditions could capitalize on their complementary strengths. The thoughtful review by Herschell, McNeil, and McNeil (this issue) highlights several efforts at linkage; these could help launch a new generation of collaborative work. In this work, several aims will require attention: (a) building consensus on how to identify empirically supported treatments, (b) matching these treatments with empirically sound assessment and diagnosis in practice, (c) expanding the concept of evidence-based practice to encompass an assessment-intervention dialectic, (d) ongoing testing of the impact of evidence-based care on practice outcomes, and (e) rethinking the model that guides intervention development, by focusing on what is needed for eventual deployment.
A simple generalization of the CDMA reverse link pole capacity formula

A formula that computes the maximum number of users supported per base station in a cellular radio network is generalized to consider the frequency reuse number and arbitrary processing gains. The generalization quantifies a cost associated with in-cell interference by accounting for the lack of interference from the desired user on the total interference and by considering the impact of the frequency reuse number on the out-of-cell interference. This interference cost results in an increase in the received Eb/Io relative to FDMA which should be weighted against a reduction in the Eb/Io requirement resulting from using CDMA.
Comparison of a feedback linearization controller and sliding mode controllers for a permanent magnet stepper motor

The permanent magnet stepper motor (PMSM) is considered for use in high-accuracy positioning system upon effect of parametric uncertainties, external disturbances and a control saturation. The traditional sliding mode control, the method of system center, and the dynamic sliding manifolds were applied to the high accuracy position controller design for a PMSM. The "boundary layer" approach was employed to eliminate the control chattering. The performances of the system with the designed sliding mode controllers and the system with a feedback linearization controller were compared on the basis of the computer simulation. The sliding mode controller demonstrated the higher robustness to parametric variations and external disturbances than the feedback linearization controller.
Quantitative assay for acute intestinal inflammation based on myeloperoxidase activity: Assessment of inflammation in rat and hamster models

An assay was devised to quantitate acute intestinal inflammation based on the assessment of myeloperoxidase activity. Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme found in neutrophils and, in much smaller quantities, in monocytes and macrophages. Myeloperoxidase was solubilized with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and myeloperoxidase activity was measured with a dianisidine-H2O2 assay. In neutrophil suspensions, myeloperoxidase activity was directly related to cell number down to as few as 500 cells. Myeloperoxidase activity was assayed in two animal models of inflammation: acetic acid-induced colitis in rats and Clostridium difficile enterotoxin-induced enteritis in hamsters. In both models, the activity of myeloperoxidase solubilized from the inflamed tissue was directly proportional to the number of neutrophils seen in histologic sections. Histologic evaluation of neutrophil accumulation was performed by counting the number of neutrophils in a histologic section 0.18 mm long and 5 micron thick. In both animal models, myeloperoxidase activity was linearly related to neutrophil number from 400 and 4000 cells/mm. Myeloperoxidase activity from chronically inflamed colon, in which both neutrophils and histiocytes were present, was directly related to neutrophil content. Histiocytes did not contribute significantly to myeloperoxidase activity. The determination of myeloperoxidase activity in the intestine is a simple biochemical assay that can be used to quantitate inflammation.
A Low Jitter CMOS PLL Clock Synthesizer with 20-400 MHz Locking Range

This paper describes the design of a CMOS PLL clock synthesizer targeting biomedical applications in the 20-400 MHz range. Based on integer-N architecture, the synthesizer produces a 400-mV LVDS output signal swing on a 1.2 V common mode level under 50-Omega load. Fabricated in a 0.35-mum N-well CMOS process technology, the PLL achieves a period jitter of 6.5-psrms and 38-pspp at 216 MHz with a phase noise of -120 dBc/Hz at frequency offsets above 10 KHz. The phase noise response has a peak of -115 dBc/Hz at the loop bandwidth.
The anatomical basis for modulatory convergence in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta

The release of neuromodulators by widely projecting neurons often allows sensory systems to alter how they process information based on the physiological state of an animal. Neuromodulators alter network function by changing the biophysical properties of individual neurons and the synaptic efficacy with which individual neurons communicate. However, most, if not all, sensory networks receive multiple neuromodulatory inputs, and the mechanisms by which sensory networks integrate multiple modulatory inputs are not well understood. Here we characterized the relative glomerular distribution of two extrinsic neuromodulators associated with distinct physiological states, serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), in the antennal lobe (AL) of the moth Manduca sexta. By using immunocytochemistry and mass dye fills, we characterized the innervation patterns of both 5-HT- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive processes relative to each other, to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), to projection neurons (PNs), and to several subsets of local interneurons (LNs). 5-HT immunoreactivity had nearly complete overlap with PNs and LNs, yet no overlap with ORNs, suggesting that 5-HT may modulate PNs and LNs directly but not ORNs. TH immunoreactivity overlapped with PNs, LNs, and ORNs, suggesting that dopamine has the potential to modulate all three cell types. Furthermore, the branching density of each neuromodulator differed, with 5-HT exhibiting denser arborizations and TH-ir processes being sparser. Our results suggest that 5-HT and DA extrinsic neurons target partially overlapping glomerular regions, yet DA extends further into the region occupied by ORNs.
Basic Experiment into Soil-Structure Interaction

Investigation of collapse condition of very flexible tubes, surrounded by thin layer of sand and subjected to external static pressures; study of hollow sand cylinder and cylindrical tube, in composite sand tube system; results demonstrated strengthening effects of soil around buried structure; application of principle in design of culverts and pipe line casings that pass under highways or under earth embankments.
The local group: The ultimate deep field

Author(s): Boylan-Kolchin, M; Weisz, DR; Bullock, JS; Cooper, MC | Abstract: Near-field cosmology - using detailed observations of the Local Group and its environs to study wide-ranging questions in galaxy formation and dark matter physics - has become a mature and rich field over the past decade. There are lingering concerns, however, that the relatively small size of the present-day Local Group (~2Mpc diameter) imposes insurmountable samplevariance uncertainties, limiting its broader utility.We consider the region spanned by the Local Group's progenitors at earlier times and show that it reaches 3 arcmin ≈ 7 comoving Mpc in linear size (a volume of ≈350 Mpc3) at z = 7. This size at early cosmic epochs is large enough to be representative in terms of the matter density and counts of dark matter haloes with Mvir(z = 7) ≲ 2 × 109M⊙. The Local Group's stellar fossil record traces the cosmic evolution of galaxies with 103 ≲ M*(z = 0)/M⊙ ≲ 109 (reaching M1500 g -9 at z ~ 7) over a region that is comparable to or larger than the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field (HUDF) for the entire history of the Universe. In the JWST era, resolved stellar populations will probe regions larger than the HUDF and any deep JWST fields, further enhancing the value of near-field cosmology.
Abstract 3535: CD36 Impacts Stroke Injury In Hyperlipidemia Through MCP-1/CCR2 Axis.

Hyperlipidemia increases ischemic injury. The exacerbation is associated with elevated expression of CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, in peripheral monocytes/macrophages as well as ischemic brai...
Performance Evaluation of 32 LEED Hospitals on Operation Costs

Abstract Growth in healthcare needs challenges providers to reduce operational costs and is expected to increase construction and renovation of healthcare facilities. Meanwhile, concerns regarding the environmental impacts of hospitals have made the healthcare sector one of the most prominent settings for the green building movement. Despite these environmental concerns, the number of studies that document the benefits of sustainable healthcare facilities is limited. In this study, the authors used national cost report data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and developed a benchmarking tool for comparing the operation and maintenance costs of healthcare facilities with their peers. The authors then used longitudinal data and compared the annual operation and maintenance cost of 32 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) hospitals to the median cost of non-LEED facilities of comparable type, ownership, and location. Analysis failed to provide any evidence that achieving more LEED credits or LEED certiﬁcation in general lowers operation and maintenance costs of healthcare facilities.
Surgical Disorders of the Spleen

For children with many conditions, splenectomy can cure the disease or effectively control the associated clinical symptoms. However, the risks associated with splenectomy such as overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis are not trivial, and there is increasing recognition of other risks of splenectomy, such as thrombosis or vascular derangements. For select conditions, a partial splenectomy may effectively remove enough spleen to gain the desired clinical outcome while minimizing these risks. These are technically demanding operations that are nevertheless usually effective and well-tolerated.
Long-wavelength Cloud Rolls Over the Arctic Ice

Cloud bands observed over the Arctic sea ice are interpreted in terms of long-wavelength gravity-wave modes trapped between the ground and a vertically-thin over-reflecting layer in the mid-troposphere. The over-reflecting layer is neutrally-stratified and lies between the counter-streaming upper troposphere and lower troposphere in a strong high-pressure system. The Arctic cloud bands appear to share many features with the long-wavelength roll waves observed in more temperate latitudes.
Development of Mayonnaise with Substitution of Oil or Egg Yolk by the Addition of Chia (Salvia Hispânica L.) Mucilage.

Chia mucilage is formed by the hydration of chia seeds and presents characteristics that potentiate its application as substitute of fat in several foods. In this study, mayonnaises were prepared with different levels of freeze‐dried chia mucilage instead of oil or egg yolk. The substitution of oil in mayonnaise promoted increased stability and texture parameters, and the mayonnaise substituted by egg yolk presented similar stability and texture parameters as the control mayonnaise. The substitution of oil in mayonnaise was about 50% with 45% oil substitution, whereas for the mayonnaise with 35% of egg yolk replacement it was about 0.94%. Sensorially, an inverse relation was found, the mayonnaises with substitution of the egg yolk that presented a smaller reduction of the lipid content, presented better sensory acceptance than the mayonnaise with substitution of the oil. Therefore, the results indicated that chia mucilage has potential to substitute part of the amount of oil in the mayonnaise formulation. As for the use of the mucilage in the substitution of the egg yolk, it is not possible to promote a significant reduction in the lipid content nor maintain emulsion stability. Chia mucilage presents high emulsifying hability and water‐holding capacity that potentiabilize its use as a substitute for fat in various foods. Mayonnaises developed with up to 45% oil substitution by chia mucilage, presented a reduction in the lipid content by about 50%, an increasing stability and a good sensorial acceptance.
Abstract 14424: mTORcise: Replicating Exercise Induced Remodeling of the Heart by targeted deletion of Tuberin.

Introduction: When stressed, the heart remodels metabolically and structurally. Metabolically, the heart increases its reliance on carbohydrates for energy provision, while structurally, it hypertrophies. Whether both processes occur independently, or if they are interrelated is not known. In the heart, the activation of the mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is closely tied to glucose metabolism and cellular growth, and is therefore a potential link between these two types of remodeling. Objective: We examined whether long-term, sustained mTORC1 activation results in metabolic and structural remodeling in the heart, with a focus on the time course of these events. Methods: We developed a mouse model of inducible, cardiac-specific deficiency of tuberin (TSC2), a key inhibitor of mTORC1. TSC2 gene recombination was induced between 5-7 weeks of age, and echocardiograms were performed at 4, 10 and 20 weeks after induction. Genomic DNA, total RNA and proteins were extracted from freeze-clamped hearts for PCR, real-time PCR and immunoblotting respectively. Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) levels were measured by spectrophotometric enzymatic analysis. Histologic analysis using H/E and Masson’s Trichrome stains were used to determine cardiomyocyte area and interstitial fibrosis. Results: Immunoblotting of protein markers confirmed TSC2 knockout (KO) and activation of mTORC1 downstream targets as early as two weeks after induction. G6P was increased 4 weeks after induction, before any structural changes were detected. Serial echocardiograms revealed concentric remodeling 10 weeks after induction, which persisted at 20 weeks. Furthermore, the systolic function in the conditional KO animals was greater than the controls 20 weeks after induction. Cardiomyocytes hypertrophied at 20 weeks, without any evidence of increase in fibrosis. Conclusions: Inducible, sustained mTORC1 activation by TSC2 KO in the heart triggers physiologic remodeling, characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, concentric remodeling and improved systolic function. This phenotype is similar to the one induced by strength-training. Lastly, we show that metabolic remodeling precedes this type of structural remodeling.
Locality discriminative canonical correlation analysis for kinship verification

Metric learning has been widely used in face and kinship verification and a number of such algorithms have been proposed over the past decade. However, human face kinship datasets hold small similarity within the same sample group and obvious difference between groups, most existing methods based on single metric learning model fail to well extract features which are capable of verifying kinship relation. We apply different models for parents and children and introduce Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) into kinship verification which focus on multi-modal identification which can maximize the correlation between different modal data and reduces the uncertainty of the data samples, so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the ability of recognition. Based on the advantages of CCA, we use the method of local discriminative CCA which introduces the class information of samples, and takes into account the correlation between samples influence on classification. Finally, fusion the feature extracted from parents model and the feature extracted from children model by parallel is used to complete the recognition of kinship. Experiments results demonstrate that our method is superior to some state-of-the-art methods in terms of both verification rate and computational efficiency.
Tiling the Plane with Congruent Pentagons

The importance of recreational mathematics and the involvement of amateur mathematicians has been dramatically demonstrated recently in connection with the prob/ lem of tiling the plane with congruent pentagons. The problem is to describe completely all pentagons whose congruent images will tile the plane (without overlaps or gaps). The problem was thought to have been solved by R. B. Kershner, who announced his results in 1968 [18], [191. In July, 1975, Kershner's article was the main topic of Martin Gardner's column, "Mathematical Games" in Scientific American. Inspired by the challenge of the problem, at least two readers attempted their own tilings of pentagons and each discovered pentagons missing from Kershner's list. New interest in the problem has been aroused and both amateur and professional mathematicians are presently working on its solution.
Assessment of multiple constructs of social integration for older adults living in nursing homes.

A variety of terms and measures have been used in the literature to denote being socially integrated, and many studies of older adults focus on only social networks or social support and often only...
Pediatric Integrative Medicine in Residency Program: Relationship between Lifestyle Behaviors and Burnout and Wellbeing Measures in First-Year Residents.

It is widely recognized that burnout is prevalent in medical culture and begins early in training. Studies show pediatricians and pediatric trainees experience burnout rates comparable to other specialties. Newly developed Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies in professionalism and personal development recognize the unacceptably high resident burnout rates and present an important opportunity for programs to improve residents experience throughout training. These competencies encourage healthy lifestyle practices and cultivation of self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, mindfulness, and compassion—a paradigm shift from traditional medical training underpinned by a culture of unrealistic endurance and self-sacrifice. To date, few successful and sustainable programs in resident burnout prevention and wellness promotion have been described. The University of Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine Pediatric Integrative Medicine in Residency (PIMR) curriculum, developed in 2011, was designed in part to help pediatric programs meet new resident wellbeing requirements. The purpose of this paper is to detail levels of lifestyle behaviors, burnout, and wellbeing for the PIMR program’s first-year residents (N = 203), and to examine the impact of lifestyle behaviors on burnout and wellbeing. The potential of the PIMR to provide interventions addressing gaps in lifestyle behaviors with recognized association to burnout is discussed.
On the data acquisition, image reconstruction, cone beam artifacts, and their suppression in axial MDCT and CBCT - A review.

Purpose In the clinic, computed tomography (CT) has evolved into an essential modality for diagnostic imaging by multidetector row CT (MDCT) and image guided intervention by cone beam CT (CBCT). Recognizing the increasing importance of axial MDCT/CBCT in clinical and preclinical applications, and the existence of CB artifacts in MDCT/CBCT images, we provide a review of CB artifacts' root causes, rendering mechanisms and morphology, and possible solutions for elimination and/or reduction of the artifacts. Methods By examining the null space in Radon and Fourier domain, the root cause of CB artifacts (i.e., data insufficiency) in axial MDCT/CBCT is analytically investigated, followed by a review of the data sufficiency conditions and the "circle +" source trajectories. The rendering mechanisms and morphology of CB artifacts in axial MDCT/CBCT and their special cases (e.g., half/short scan and full scan with latitudinally displaced detector) are then analyzed, followed by a survey of the potential solutions to suppress the artifacts. The phenomenon of imaged zone indention and its variation over FBP, BPF/DBPF, two-pass and iterative CB reconstruction algorithms and/or schemes are discussed in detail. Results An interdomain examination of the null space provides an insightful understanding of the root cause of CB artifacts in axial MDCT/CBCT. The decomposition of CB artifacts rendering mechanisms facilitates understanding of the artifacts' behavior under different conditions and the potential solutions to suppress them. An inspection of the imaged zone intention phenomenon provides guidance on the design and implementation of CB image reconstruction algorithms and schemes for CB artifacts suppression in axial MDCT/CBCT. Conclusions With increasing importance of axial MDCT/CBCT in clinical and preclinical applications, this review article can update the community with in-depth information and clarification on the latest progress in dealing with CB artifacts and thus increase clinical/preclinical confidence.
Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduces Pain and Improves Function in Patients With Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia: A Long-Term Outcome Study of 50 Cases.

Abstract Background Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SED) is rare genetic condition which leads to skeletal and joint deformities that can predispose patients to degenerative joint disease. There are limited reports on the results of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. The purpose of this study is to review clinical and radiographic outcomes of THA performed in patients with SED at one institution. Methods Among 43,917 patients undergoing primary THA from 1970 to 2015, we identified 50 THAs performed in 29 patients with SED; 21 patients underwent bilateral THA (none simultaneous). There were 16 females and 13 males; mean age, body mass index, and height were 39 years, 28.7 kg/m2, and 145 cm, respectively. All patients were able to ambulate prior to the THA. Mean follow-up was 11 years (range 2-38). Results Mean implant survival for primary THA in SED patients at the 5, 10, and 20-year time points was 96%, 85%, and 55%, respectively. Thirteen patients required revision THA, most commonly for polyethylene wear (n = 6) and aseptic loosening (n = 5), and 4 additional patients underwent nonrevision reoperations. Prior to surgery, 90% of patients had severe or moderate pain, which was reduced to 8% of patients postoperatively (P Conclusion THA provided significant pain reduction and improvement in function, with a majority of patients ambulating independently following the procedure. There was a high incidence of complications following THA in patients with SED, most commonly secondary to polyethylene wear and osteolysis from conventional polyethylene and historical implants. Level of Evidence Level IV, Therapy.
Affection and Abuse: Technology Use in Adolescent Romantic Relationships

Communication technologies benefit romantic relationships in terms of connection, but can also bring potential harm. Positive relational outcomes of adolescent technology use (i.e., increased emoti...
Assessing the Explanatory Power of Social Movement Theories across the Life Course of the Civil Rights Movement

Social movements are constantly evolving. Protest activity waxes and wanes as movements suffer through prolonged periods of frustration, win occasional gains, and turn to new goals and issues. Whil...
“Bleeding Too Much” (In the Words of a Refugee)

In this chapter, we will explore a case involving a refugee with irregular menses who experienced significant trauma before resettling in the United States. In addition to addressing a trauma-informed approach to healthcare, the case explores some of the challenges that new Americans may face during the resettlement process, including access to healthcare, communication, and social support. At the conclusion of the case discussion, learners will be able to recognize the complexity of the process refugees face when leaving their home country, identify health issues that refugees may experience, and develop strategies to overcome barriers to communication in a clinical setting.
What is the Role of Nursing Homes in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign

Recently, there have been several publications advocating for an expansive role for nursing homes (NHs) in the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). The rationale for this effort is the problem of high rates of 30-day readmissions from NHs and a disproportionate percentage of residents with a diagnosis of sepsis in emergency departments. This article provides a brief history of the SSC and the evolution of the definition of sepsis and of the timing of interventions that make up a "sepsis bundle." Screening tools for sepsis that may be used in the NH setting are discussed. It is emphasized that there is no gold standard for the diagnosis of sepsis, and this limits the ability to identify a screening tool with high sensitivity. Three recent publications that discuss the recognition and management of sepsis in the NH are reviewed, although there is very little published information about this problem. Despite the lack of information about sepsis in NHs, several states have developed protocols for identification and management of sepsis in NHs but there are no results of the impact of these efforts on hospitalization or readmission rates or resident outcome. Based on the review of this information, the ability of NH providers and staff to identify residents with possible sepsis is unclear given no effective screening tool and the recent change in the definition of sepsis that focuses on a point late in the continuum from infection to sepsis with organ dysfunction. Also, NH capability to perform, in a timely fashion, interventions recommended in a sepsis bundle such as insertion of an intravenous catheter, performing blood cultures, administering antibiotics, and fluid resuscitation will likely vary considerably. There is a need for more intensive study of sepsis in the NH setting to identify screening tools with better sensitivity and identification of interventions suitable for the NH setting and that have an impact on various outcomes.