cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of octadecyl-bonded alumina and silica for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Chromatographic properties of an octadecyl-bonded alumina (ODA) high-performance liquid chromatographic stationary phase are described and compared with those of commonly used octadecylsilica (ODS) stationary phases. Under reversed-phase conditions, selectivity of the ODA phase is shown to be similar to that of ODS, resulting in similar elution orders for most compound mixtures. The higher stability of the ODA material to alkaline solvents and the absence of acidic silanol sites on its surface allow a more efficient separation of organic bases with simpler mobile phases than is generally possible with ODS. Comparison of the correlation of the capacity factors of 31 organic compounds on the ODA and ODS stationary phases indicates a higher degree of hydrogen-bonding solute-stationary phase interactions on ODA than on ODS. Multiple-ring aromatic compounds are more strongly adsorbed on the ODA stationary phase than on ODS. Differences in the retention behavior of benzylamine on the ODA and ODS stationary phases with increasing percentages of methanol in the mobile phase are reported. These are interpreted in terms of the differences in solute-stationary phase interactions on the two phases resulting from the chemical properties of their silica and alumina backbones.
Risk Factors Associated with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Infection or Colonization in 145 Matched Case Patients and Control Patients

Risk factors and mortality associated with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) infection or colonization were examined at a tertiary care hospital by comparing 145 patients who had VREF isolates (cases) to 145 patients with vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium (VSEF) isolates (controls). The number of deaths per 100 person-days of hospitalization after diagnosis did not differ significantly between VREF patients (1.2) and VSEF patients (0.8). Multivariate analyses found that the duration of hospitalization ( > or = 7 days), intrahospital transfer between floors, use of antimicrobials (i.e., vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins), and duration of vancomycin use ( > or = 7 days) was independently associated with VREF infection or colonization. This study, which has a large sample size, confirms some earlier observations regarding risks for VREF infection or colonization and identifies factors that may be potentially exploited to develop interventional strategies for the control of this emerging nosocomial problem.
Twisting Free: Being to an Extent Sensible

I would like to celebrate this beautiful setting, which has been set into the work of one of England's foremost painters, set beautifully, I would want to say. I would like in deed to celebrate it by setting what I shall say within the orbit of a word used by Plato to refer to the beautiful, one to which Heidegger has paid special attention, the word τo exφαveστατov, in German, das Hervorscheinendste, in English, the most radiant, that which most shines forth.1 I would like also to offer most sincere thanks to David Krell for arranging this colloquium in this lovely setting; also for many other things, not the least being the phrase that I have borrowed from him and used as the first of the two titles for this lecture, a debt on which I have now, however inadequately, to try to make good.
Secretory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Expression Requires both a PU.1 and a Novel Composite NF-κB/PU.1/ GA-binding Protein Binding Site

The human secretory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (secretory IL-1Ra) gene is controlled through three lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive promoter elements, one of which was identified as an NF-κB binding site. Sequence analysis of the secretory IL-1Ra promoter identified a potential PU.1 binding site located between positions −80 and −90 on the complementary strand overlapping the NF-κB site. Gel shift analysis using this potential binding site with nuclear extracts from RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrated the formation of three complexes, one LPS-inducible and two constitutive. The inducible factor was identified as NF-κB, and the constitutive factors were identified as PU.1 and GA-binding protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of the −93 to −79 promoter region demonstrated that mutation of either the NF-κB 5′-half site or the PU.1/GA-binding protein half-site alone did not significantly decrease LPS responsiveness. However, a mutation that disrupted the binding of all three factors resulted in a 50% decrease in LPS responsiveness. A second PU.1 binding site centered at −230 was identified by gel shift and supershift assays. Mutation of the core GGAA region resulted in a 50% decrease in LPS-responsive promoter activity. Mutation of both the distal and proximal LPS response elements led to an almost complete loss of responsiveness. These data therefore suggest that the regulation of IL-1Ra gene expression is a complex event involving the interactions of three different transcription factors with a single cis-acting element and that the two PU.1 binding sites are the major response elements for LPS-induced IL-1Ra gene expression.
Chronic Medical Conditions as Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster

Objective To determine the degree to which chronic conditions might contribute to the unexplained burden of herpes zoster.
The Sugarmill: The Socioeconomic Complex of Sugar in Cuba, 1760–1860

This extraordinary work deserves to be called monumental for its scrupulous and exhaustive analysis of the development of the sugar industry in Cuba, for the imposing originality of its approach, and for the unsentimental but no less passionate vision of history it embodies. The product of twenty years of historical research combined with ten years of economic and technical work in the industry, The Sugarmill is a landmark in post-revolutionary Cuban scholarship.
Real-time multi-spectral color acquisition and display using commodity hardware components

The focus of this paper is on the broad extension of multi-spectral color to both scientist and consumer by creating camera/projector arrays composed of commodity hardware. In contrast to expensive, high-maintainance systems which rely on the physical registration of device spaces, we rely on the virtual alignment of viewing spaces in software where real-time alignment is achieved using the processing capacity of the graphical processing units of consumer PC video cards. Specifically, this paper focuses on the inclusion of real-time, composite pattern, structured light illumination (SLI) as a means of recording the 3D shape of objects, which will then be used for the registration of single-color images taken from multiple view points simultaneously. As such, the described system is able to achieve a cost per unit that scales linearly with the number of color primaries.
The Cellular Bromodomain Protein Brd4 has Multiple Functions in E2-Mediated Papillomavirus Transcription Activation

The cellular bromodomain protein Brd4 functions in multiple processes of the papillomavirus life cycle, including viral replication, genome maintenance, and gene transcription through its interaction with the viral protein, E2. However, the mechanisms by which E2 and Brd4 activate viral transcription are still not completely understood. In this study, we show that recruitment of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb), a functional interaction partner of Brd4 in transcription activation, is important for E2's transcription activation activity. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses demonstrate that P-TEFb is recruited to the actual papillomavirus episomes. We also show that E2's interaction with cellular chromatin through Brd4 correlates with its papillomavirus transcription activation function since JQ1(+), a bromodomain inhibitor that efficiently dissociates E2-Brd4 complexes from chromatin, potently reduces papillomavirus transcription. Our study identifies a specific function of Brd4 in papillomavirus gene transcription and highlights the potential use of bromodomain inhibitors as a method to disrupt the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle.
A performance environment perspective of knowledge management

Knowledge management is a topic that has gained increasing attention since the mid-1990s. A knowledge management strategy involves consciously helping people share and put knowledge into action. However, before an organization can undertake a knowledge management initiative, it needs to first understand what knowledge should be managed and to what performance ends. In this paper, we describe a framework that provides a holistic view of the performance environment surrounding organizational knowledge work. We illustrate the efficacy of this framework to knowledge management using two organizational case studies. Then, based on the framework and insights drawn from our case studies, we present a series of steps - a checklist for action - that may assist organizations and practitioners as they undertake knowledge management initiatives. We conclude our paper with a discussion of implications for practice and future research directions.
Blind One-microphone Speech Separation: A Spectral Learning Approach

We present an algorithm to perform blind, one-microphone speech separation. Our algorithm separates mixtures of speech without modeling individual speakers. Instead, we formulate the problem of speech separation as a problem in segmenting the spectrogram of the signal into two or more disjoint sets. We build feature sets for our segmenter using classical cues from speech psychophysics. We then combine these features into parameterized affinity matrices. We also take advantage of the fact that we can generate training examples for segmentation by artificially superposing separately-recorded signals. Thus the parameters of the affinity matrices can be tuned using recent work on learning spectral clustering [1]. This yields an adaptive, speech-specific segmentation algorithm that can successfully separate one-microphone speech mixtures.
48-year-old man with cough and leg swelling.

A 48-year-old man with no remarkable medical history was sent to the emergency department from a local urgent care facility because of cough, dyspnea, mild chest discomfort, lower extremity edema, and a blood pressure (BP) of 210/150 mm Hg. He had no fever, constitutional symptoms, blurry vision, headaches, back pain, weakness, palpitations, or tremors and no personal or family history of hypertension. He did not use alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs.
Learning Global Social Conditions: A Broader View for Social Work Students

AbstractToday, students are increasingly interested in global issues. To meet this need, social work education must find models to incorporate international content into social work curriculum. This article presents a pedagogical experience to familiarize social work students with comparative social welfare from a global perspective. In a graduate seminar, students utilized data from the United Nations and the World Bank to examine social conditions in different parts of the world in order to gain a broader view of global social conditions. The result was a compilation of profiles highlighting the social conditions of developing countries across different regions of the globe. Furthermore, based on students’ feedback, the benefits of doing such comparative study and the implications for internationalizing social work curriculum are discussed.
Electrophysiologic characteristics of anger-triggered arrhythmias.

Background Anger can precipitate ventricular arrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). Determining electrophysiologic characteristics of anger-triggered arrhythmias may help elucidate the mechanisms that link emotion and arrhythmia. Objectives We sought to compare the morphology and initiation pattern between ventricular arrhythmias that are triggered by anger and those that are not. Methods At the time of shock, patients with ICDs recorded levels of defined mood states preceding the shock in a diary. Stored intracardiac electrograms (EGMs) were retrieved and analyzed in relation to corresponding mood states. The EGMs from 56 appropriate shocks in 24 patients (18 male, mean age 66 years, 74% with coronary artery disease) were reviewed and analyzed for morphology, mechanism of initiation (sudden onset vs. premature ventricular contraction [PVC]), pause dependence, and other characteristics. Results Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was more common in anger-triggered events, occurring in three (37.5%) of eight anger-triggered events compared with five (10.4%) of 48 of non-anger-triggered events (P Conclusion Ventricular arrhythmias occurring in the setting of anger are more likely pause dependent and polymorphic. This suggests that in predisposed populations anger may create an arrhythmogenic substrate susceptible to more disorganized rhythms, a possible mechanism linking emotion and sudden death.
Body weight as essential data in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

The application of advances in scientific knowledge to the clinical care of patients is a concept that is obvious in theory but often difficult in practice. Scientific advances are usually viewed in terms of high technology, such as drugs derived from recombinant DNA technology or computerized-imaging technology, for which the availability ofcomplex technologies often precedes the full understanding of their effective use. However. inexpensive and simple observations can also make important contributions that should not be overlooked either in science or in patient care even in this era of high technology. Carefully crafted epidemiological or clinical studies can provide the clinician with the tools to use information from a single patient as scientific data, permitting a more sophisticated analysis of that patient’s disease or response to therapy. Recent papers published in Tin’ .-linerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition suggest that the use of a simple and readily available index. patient weight, can give clinicians great insight into the clinical course oftheir patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Power and ground network topology optimization for cell based VLSIs

A new power and ground network design problem for cell-based VLSIs is discussed. In contrast to the conventional method, the network topology is optimized, or wiring resource consumption subject to electromigration and voltage drop constraints is minimized. The proposed method has been implemented. Using several examples, the validity of the problem formulation and the solution method was confirmed. Experimental results showed that brute power bus enhancement was meaningless and smart power and ground topologies significantly reduced the consumption of wiring resources. >
Evaluating the Contourhook—help or hindrance?

A new Contourhook terminal device was introduced to the Central Development Unit (CDU) in Australia through the therapist attending the exhibit at the ISPO World Congress, London, September, 1983. Ten upper limb amputees, who were experienced prosthetic users were selected for the evaluation. The patients were asked to attend the CDU to perform selected activities; 7 activities were designed to simulate hand prehension and 17 were bimanual activities of daily living. The activities were performed using the conventional split hook terminal device. The same activities were repeated using the Contourhook terminal device. Performances and patients' comments were recorded. In general the Contourhook was found to compare unfavourably with conventional terminal devices, aspects of the brochure were misleading and all patients preferred their previously worn terminal device.
Cerebral fat embolism syndrome following revision of right total hip arthroplasty.

A 74-year-old man underwent an uncomplicated right total hip arthroplasty revision. Postoperatively, the patient had no focal neurological deficits. Twelve hours later, his mental status declined and he was subsequently intubated. He had roving eyes, decerebrate posturing and minor grimacing to noxious stimuli. He never developed a petechial rash. EEG was unremarkable for seizure activity, transoesophageal echocardiography was negative for cardioembolic sources or interatrial septal defects, and neck CT angiography demonstrated no vascular abnormalities. Head CT was unremarkable and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of the brain showed multiple …
Direct and correlated responses to selection for larval ethanol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

Ethanol is an important larval resource and toxin for natural Drosophila melanogaster populations, and ethanol tolerance is genetically variable within and among populations. If ethanol-tolerant genotypes have relatively low fitness in the absence of ethanol, as suggested by the results of an earlier study, genetic variation for ethanol tolerance could be maintained by variation in ethanol levels among breeding sites. I selected for ethanol tolerance in large laboratory populations by maintaining flies on ethanol-supplemented media. After 90 generations, the populations were compared with control populations in egg-to-adult survival and development rate on ethanol-supplemented and unsupplemented food. When compared on ethanol-supplemented food, the ethanol-selected populations had higher survival and faster development than the control populations, but on unsupplemented food, the populations did not differ in either trait. These results give no evidence for a ‘trade-off’ between the ability to survive and develop rapidly in the presence of ethanol and the ability to do so in its absence. The effect of physiological induction of ethanol tolerance by exposing eggs to ethanol was also investigated; exposing eggs to ethanol strongly increased subsequent larval survival on ethanol-supplemented food, but did not affect survival on regular food, and slowed development on both ethanol-supplemented and regular food, partly by delaying egg hatch.
Full-length novel MHC class I allele discovery by next-generation sequencing: two platforms are better than one.

Deep sequencing has revolutionized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I analysis of nonhuman primates by enabling high-throughput, economical, and comprehensive genotyping. Full-length MHC class I cDNA sequences, which are required to generate reagents such as MHC–peptide tetramers, cannot be directly obtained by short read deep sequencing. We combined data from two next-generation sequencing platforms to discover novel full-length MHC class I mRNA/cDNA transcripts in Chinese rhesus macaques. We first genotyped macaques by Roche/454 pyrosequencing using a 530-bp amplicon spanning the densely polymorphic exons 2 through 4 of the MHC class I loci that encode the peptide-binding region. We then mapped short paired-end 250 bp Illumina sequence reads spanning the full-length transcript to each 530-bp amplicon at high stringency and used paired-end information to reconstruct full-length allele sequences. We characterized 65 full-length sequences from six Chinese rhesus macaques. Overall, approximately 70 % of the alleles distinguished in these six animals contained new sequence information, including 29 novel transcripts. The flexibility of this approach should make full-length MHC class I allele genotyping accessible for any nonhuman primate population of interest. We are currently optimizing this method for full-length characterization of other highly polymorphic, duplicated loci such as the MHC class II DRB and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors. We anticipate that this method will facilitate rapid expansion and near completion of sequence libraries of polymorphic loci, such as MHC class I, within a few years.
Comparison of Pendry's superlens with computational image reconstruction

A comparison of two methods of subwavelength imaging is undertaken. Pendry's superlens is compared with a computational image reconstruction technique. In both cases, limitations of materials impose limits on resolution. Both systems have similar limits, suggesting that resolution restrictions on Pendry's superlens apply generally to various forms of subwavelength imaging. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2913–2914, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24791
The Changing Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis: An Update from Population-Based Active Surveillance in 2 Large Metropolitan Areas, 1992–2000

To examine trends in the incidence and epidemiology of cryptococcosis, active, population-based surveillance was conducted during 1992-2000 in 2 areas of the United States (the Atlanta, Georgia, and Houston, Texas, metropolitan areas; combined population, 7.4 million). A total of 1491 incident cases were detected, of which 1322 (89%) occurred in HIV-infected persons. The annual incidence of cryptococcosis per 1000 persons with AIDS decreased significantly during the study period, from 66 in 1992 to 7 in 2000 in the Atlanta area, and from 24 in 1993 to 2 in 1994 in the Houston area. Poisson regression analysis revealed that African American persons with AIDS were more likely than white persons with AIDS to develop disease. Less than one-third of all HIV-infected persons with cryptococcosis were receiving antiretroviral therapy before diagnosis. Our findings suggest that HIV-infected persons who continue to develop cryptococcosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the United States are those with limited access to health care. More efforts are needed to expand the availability of HAART and routine HIV care services to these persons.
Multi-product pricing for electric power

Abstract This paper describes methods for determining the prices for a discrete set of interrelated products offered by a single supplier. Each product has a fixed marginal rate per unit, the demand for each product depends upon the price levels of all the products and the supplier's cost function depends upon the demands for all the products. For specific demand function forms, methods are described for determining the prices that maximize a weighted sum of net revenue and consumer surplus.
Paleozoic Oil and Gas Potential of Arabian Basin: ABSTRACT

The central and northwestern region of the greater Arabian basin contains more than 5,000 m (16,400 ft) of oil- and gas-prospective clastic and carbonate Paleozoic sediments. The Hail-Rutbah arch divides the region into two Paleozoic basins, the western Tabuk basin on the west and the Widyan basin on the east. The Tabuk basin is filled with Cambrian to Devonian sediments, whereas the Widyan basin contains sediments ranging in age from Cambrian through Late Permian. A north-south-trending Precambrian platform separates these basins from the eastern sector of the greater Arabian basin. The Cambrian-Ordovician Saq Sandstone, composed of fluvial and marginal-marine sandstones and minor shales, overlies Precambrian basement. The Ordovician-Silurian Tabuk Formation consists of cyclically deposited marine and marginally marine clastic sediments. Three shale members, the Hanadir, Ra'an, and Quasaiba, are separated by siltstones and sandstones that pinch out basinward where shale becomes dominant. These shale members are covered by regressive sandstones of the Sharawra Member. Uplift and erosion followed deposition of the Sharawra. Unconformably overlying the Tabuk Formation is the coarse and pebbly continental sandstone of the Tawil Member of the Devonian Jauf Formation. Alternating marine and nonmarine conditions followed deposition of the Tawil Member, producing interbedded carbonates and clastics. A major regional uplift accompanied by erosion followed deposition of the Jauf Formation. The uplift affected the entire central and northwestern basin region and it is believed the Hail-Rutbah arch came into being at this time, creating the two basins. No post-Devonian Paleozoic deposition is recorded in the rocks of the western Tabuk basin; however, thick Carboniferous-Upper Permian sediments occur in the Widyan basin. The Carboniferous to middle Permian Berwath Formation was deposited in the center of the Widyan basin and was covered by the Unayzah Formation, which transgressed the area and overlapped older rocks and paleohighs. The middle to Upper Permian is represented by carbonates of the Khuff Formation, laid down by the transgressive sea. Precambrian structural features significantly influenced structural trends and sedimentary deposition during the Paleozoic. Major stratigraphic breaks or unconformities are believed associated with the Caledonian and Hercynian orogenies. The most significant factor relating to the oil and gas prospectiveness of the Tabuk and Widyan basins is the presence of thick alternating source and reservoir sections. The facies vary laterally, with sandstone grading to shale basinward. The facies changes combined with several unconformities and structural folding and faulting enhance the hydrocarbon potential of the two basins. Also, known shows and recoveries of oil and gas from the Paleozoic section in the eastern Arabian basin further support the possibility of the presence of commercial quantities of hydrocarbons in these basins. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1199------------
Alcohol and Dating Risk Factors for Sexual Assault Among College Women

American societal norms frequently link alcohol, dating, and sexuality. This cross-sectional study examined the role of alcohol and dating risk factors for sexual assault among a representative sample of female students at a large urban university. Over half of the 1,160 women had experienced some form of sexual assault. Ninety-five percent of these assaults were committed by someone the woman knew and almost half of these assaults involved alcohol consumption by either the man, the woman, or both. Discriminant function analyses indicated that dating, sexual, and misperception experiences and alcohol consumption during these experiences predicted assault group status. Furthermore, alcohol consumption during consensual sex and sexual misperceptions were positively related to alcohol consumption during the sexual assault. The predictors of assault group status were similar for African American and Caucasian women. Theoretical implications are discussed and suggestions are made for combining alcohol and sexu...
Political Visual Attention

Emotions are fundamental to political attentions. Memories and sensations remind people of what they want and how they feel. Observations of politically engaged individuals can provide valuable information about affect and political attentions. The ability of an investigator to anticipate attentions toward political content is facilitated by better understanding of the environmental consequences of ordinary human qualities. Calculations of human perceptual capabilities signal responses to certain elements of political environments. Depending on the nature of the environment, the preciseness of perceptual data and also depending on an investigation’s objectivity, bio-physical data ought to reveal much about individual political goals. At the very least the directionality of expected political preferences ought to signal something introspective by what people are paying attention to. Perception implies causation. Causation implies meaning which implies context. The causes of certain behaviors are the combined influences of contextual information which are directly related to specific sensations.
Personal Sovereignty and Normative Power Skepticism

In "The Correspondence of Contract and Promise," I claim that contract scholars have mistakenly presumed that they can assess the correspondence between contract and promise without first providing a theory of self-imposed moral responsibility that explains and justifies the promise principle. To illustrate the dependence of correspondence accounts of contract law on a theory of self-imposed moral responsibility, I demonstrate how a "personal sovereignty" account of individual autonomy explains how and why, contrary to existing correspondence theories, promissory responsibility corresponds to the rights and duties recognized by contract. Personal sovereignty recognizes the fundamental right of individuals not only to choose their system of ends but also to choose how to pursue those ends. According to this account of promising, individuals have the normative power to undertake self-imposed moral responsibilities (i.e., moral obligations) because such a power enhances personal sovereignty. Although I find this an intuitive understanding of the logic of moral justification, some philosophers have doubted that morality can simply "give moral effect" to attempts to create moral responsibility. In Part I of this companion piece, I explain the skeptical argument that has been leveled against theories of promissory obligation that posit a normative power to make a promise. In Part II, I argue that it has no force against the personal sovereignty account I offer.
Investigation of Femur Response to Longitudinal Impact

Longitudinal impact tests were conducted on the knees of four seated embalmed cadavers using an impact pendulum. Impact force and femur strain histories were recorded, and peak force at fracture was determined. The results show that femur stiffness (average = 3.29 MN) for impacts is nearly the same as for static loads. Peak fracture loads varied from 8731-11570 N, all above the fracture criterion proposed by King, Fan and Vargovick. Strain histories and fracture patterns suggest that bending effects play a major role in determining the response of embalmed cadaver femurs to longitudinal impact.
Reduction of Nitrates and Nitrites by Representatives of the Brucella Group

The Brucella group is generally believed to lack the ability to reduce nitrates. Bergey1 characterizes both Br. abortus and Br. melitensis as being non-reducers. Duncan and Whitby2 record similar findings. Evans,3 Topley and Wilson4 and Lustig and Vernoni5 report that nitrates are occasionally reduced.An investigation was made to determine the factors which influence nitrate reduction and the cause of reported irregularities. A medium of the following composition was used: Peptone 2 gm., beef extract 1 gm.; NaCl 3 gm.; agar 2 gm.; H2O 1000 cc. The reaction was adjusted to pH 6.8. The semisolid consistency favors the growth of the Brucella and accentuates the zone phenomenon, particularly when inoculated with a dilute suspension of cells. The majority of the Brucella grow in limited zones 2 to 6 mm. below the surface. The abortus type20 is usually the deepest, the suis20 are nearest the top and the melitensis20 are intermediate. Upon the addition of 0.2% KNO3 to the medium, a reversal of positions is obser...
Synthesis of NH4(Al, Cr)CO3(OH)2 and the Formation Process of Al2O3-Cr2O3 Solid Solution by Thermal Decomposition of That

Cr-containing compounds with crystal structures similar to AACH (Ammonium Aluminum Carbonate Hydroxide) were synthesized. Synthesized compositions were Al/(Al+Cr) (atomic ratio)=1, 0.5 and 0. These compounds were examined by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Infrared absorption bands in the lattice vibration region shifted to the lower wave number direction and X-ray diffraction peaks shifted to the lower angle direction with increasing Cr content. Al atoms in AACH were considered to be substituted by Cr atoms. The compound with the composition Al/(Al+Cr)=0.5 was considered to be a solid solution of Al and Cr compounds. The Formation process of α-(Al2O3-Cr2O3) solid solutions from Al/(Al+Cr)=0.5 compound was also investigated. The samples heat-treated below 500°C were considered to be γ-(Al2O3-Cr2O3) solid solutions. A part of chromia crystallized as α-Cr2O3 about at 600°C. The γ-(Al2O3-Cr2O3) solid solution remained up to 1100°C and transformed to α-(Al2O3-Cr2O3) solid solution containing about 60mol% Al2O3 above 1100°C. The final α-(Al2O3-Cr2O3) solid solution was formed below 1300°C.
Effect of Posterior Pituitary Lobe Extracts on the Intestine of Man and Animals.

The stimulating action of pituitary extract on the intestine of man has been widely accepted on the basis of clinical observation. However, experimental studies employing different preparations, different physiological methods and different animals have yielded inconstant results.Bell and Hick1 were the first to report a stimulating effect on the intestine of rabbits. McDonald2 and his co-workers failed to produce defecation in cats after repeated doses and recently McIntosh and Owings3 reported relaxation of the intestine of the dog after injection of pituitary preparations.Studies of the effect of pituitary extract on the intestine of man have been made by Pancoast and Hopkins4 who with the X-ray method found no definite evidence of acceleration of a contrast medium through the bowel. On the other hand, Kummel, Jr.,5 with the abdomen of patients open noted that injections of pituitary extracts caused intestinal contractions followed by a period of active peristalsis.The present study was begun on dogs w...
A Brief History of Aviation Psychology

This paper presents an overview of the field of aviation psychology from its pre- World War I beginnings to current problems and opportunities for today's aviation psychologists. This brief survey covers some of the more significant early activities of aviation psychologists in the United States and Europe.
Hypogonadism in Middle-aged and Elderly Men

(1956). Hypogonadism in Middle-aged and Elderly Men. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 324-331.
Foreword, Biomechanics Special Issue

Does biomechanics matter? Moreover, how do the frequently reported positive biomechanical studies results compare with the clinical outcomes? This is a question whose answer appears to change over time. Often at the outset of a new spinal technology with carefully controlled release conditions
Elite controllers and the mechanisms behind spontaneous control of HIV

Elite controlllers (EC) are a unique and rare group of HIV-positive patients who control viral replication to undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral treatment. They tend to maintain stable CD4 count, and do not progress to AIDS. While the mechanisms underlying elite control are currently under intensive investigation, research has revealed that a set of host genetic and acquired factors, as well as specific viral characteristics, contribute to viral containment. One of the central genetic markers consistently associated with control is specific class I HLA molecules, especially HLA-B5701, highlighting the role of potent cytotoxic T cell responses in eliminating HIV-infected cells and restricting the viral reservoir. A significant contribution was also attributed to T helper cells, regulatory T cells and several cell subsets of the innate immune system including natural killer (NK) cells. Studies characterizing viruses from EC found inconsistent results showing both highly mutated viruses with reduced fitness, and virulent, fully replication-competent viruses, leaving open the question of host-mediated control versus intrinsic viral attenuation as the cause for extremely low viral reservoirs in elite controllers. Further understanding of the mechanisms behind spontaneous control of HIV infection is imperative, and might prove important for efforts to develop a prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccine.
Copper demand, supply, and associated energy use to 2050

Abstract To a set of well-regarded international scenarios (UNEP’s GEO-4), we have added consideration of the demand, supply, and energy implications related to copper production and use over the period 2010–2050. To our knowledge, these are the first comprehensive metal supply and demand scenarios to be developed. We find that copper demand increases by between 275 and 350% by 2050, depending on the scenario. The scenario with the highest prospective demand is not Market First (a “business as usual” vision), but Equitability First, a scenario of transition to a world of more equitable values and institutions. These copper demands exceed projected copper mineral resources by mid-century and thereafter. Energy demand for copper production also demonstrates strong increases, rising to as much as 2.4% of projected 2050 overall global energy demand. We investigate possible policy responses to these results, concluding that improving the efficiency of the copper cycle and encouraging the development of copper-free energy distribution on the demand side, and improving copper recycling rates on the supply side are the most promising of the possible options. Improving energy efficiency in primary copper production would lead to a reduction in the energy demand by 0.5% of projected 2050 overall global energy demand. In addition, encouraging the shift towards renewable technologies is important to minimize the impacts associated with copper production.
Behold, she stands at the door: Reentry, black women and the black church

This paper examines the African American church’s response to the special problems of African American women who reenter the community post-incarceration. The first portion of the paper examines the impact of criminal justice policies on women of color and the attending problems of reentry which resulted. It then surveys the black church’s response to returning citizens, especially women. It concludes by proposing shifts in perspectives and theologies which create barriers to successful reintegration into the community at large, and the church in particular. The intended audience is individuals and faith communities who seek to work effectively with returning women.
Twin pregnancy complicated by esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia, gastric perforation, and hypoplastic left heart structures in one twin: a case report and review of the literature.

The antenatal diagnosis of a combined esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula and duodenal atresia with or without gastric perforation is a rare occurrence. These diagnoses are difficult and can be suspected on ultrasound by nonspecific findings including a small stomach and polyhydramnios. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging adds significant anatomical detail and can aid in the diagnosis of these complicated cases. Upon an extensive literature review, there are no reports documenting these combined findings in a twin pregnancy. Therefore we believe this is the first case report of an antenatal diagnosis of combined pure esophageal and duodenal atresia in a twin gestation. We present a case of a 30-year-old G1P0 white woman at 22-week gestation with a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy discordant for esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia with gastric perforation, hypoplastic left heart structures, and significant early gestation maternal polyhydramnios. In this case, fetal magnetic resonance imaging was able to depict additional findings including area of gastric wall rupture, hiatal hernia, dilation of the distal esophagus, and area of duodenal obstruction and thus facilitated the proper diagnosis. After extensive counseling at our multidisciplinary team meeting, the parents elected to proceed with radiofrequency ablation of the anomalous twin to maximize the survival of the normal co-twin. The procedure was performed successfully with complete cessation of flow in the umbilical artery and complete cardiac standstill in the anomalous twin with no detrimental effects on the healthy co-twin. Prenatal diagnosis of complex anomalies in twin pregnancies constitutes a multitude of ethical, religious, and cultural factors that come into play in the management of these cases. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed valuable information that can assist in management options including possible prenatal intervention. The combination of a cystic structure with peristalsis-like movement above the diaphragm (for example, “the upper thoracic pouch sign”), polyhydramnios, and progressive distention of the stomach and duodenum should increase suspicion for a combined pure esophageal and duodenal atresia.
Classification Systems Relevant to Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair

Endovascular surgery has dramatically evolved in the last 20 years, becoming the first treatment option for most types of aortic pathology. Improvements in endovascular technology with better aortic stent-graft designs and development of lower profile balloons, stents, and stent grafts have allowed total endovascular repair of aneurysms involving side branches including arch, thoracoabdominal, and aortoiliac aneurysms. This chapter describes anatomical and etiological classification systems pertinent to aortic pathology and definitions and classification systems that describe the application of endovascular approaches to treat aortic aneurysms and dissections.
Using perimetric data to estimate ganglion cell loss for detecting progression of glaucoma: a comparison of models.

Purpose Models relating perimetric sensitivities to ganglion cell numbers have been proposed for combining structural and functional measures from patients with glaucoma. Here we compared seven models for ability to differentiate progressing and stable patients, testing the hypothesis that the model incorporating local spatial scale would have the best performance. Methods The models were compared for the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS) data for the right eyes of 489 patients recently diagnosed with glaucoma. The SITA 24-2 program was utilised for perimetry and Stratus OCT fast scanning protocol for thickness of circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The first analysis defined progression in terms of decline in RNFL thickness. The highest and lowest quintiles (22 subjects per group) were identified for change in thickness of inferior temporal (IT), superior temporal (ST), and global RNFL (μm year−1); a two-way anova was used to look for differences between the models in ability to discriminate the two quintiles. The second analysis defined a ‘progression group’ as those who were flagged by the UKGTS criteria as having progressive loss in perimetric sensitivity, and a ‘no progression’ group as those with rate of change in Mean Deviation (MD) closest to 0 dB year−1 (87 subjects per group). The third analysis characterised variability of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) models for the two groups in the second analysis, using the standard deviation of residuals from linear regression of ganglion cell number over time to compute Coefficient of Variation (CoV). Results The first analysis produced a negative result because the three anovas found no effect of model or interaction of model and group (F6,294 0.08). There was an effect of group only for the anova with the ST sector (F6,294 = 12.2, p < 0.001). The second analysis also produced a negative result, because ROC areas were in the range 0.69–0.72 for all models. The third analysis found that even when variability in MD was low, the CoV was so large that test-retest variation could include 100% loss of ganglion cells. Conclusions Two very different approaches for testing the hypothesis both gave a negative result. For all seven ganglion cell models, rates of ganglion cell loss were highly affected by fluctuations in height of the hill of vision. Methods for reducing effects of between-visit variability are needed in order to assess progression by relating perimetric sensitivities and ganglion cell numbers.
Cardiovascular disease risk profile of NCAA Division III intercollegiate football athletes: a pilot study.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Concerns about the long-term cardiovascular health implications of American football participation have been investigated at the professional and Division I levels, but limited research is available at the less resourced Division III level. Therefore, the objective was to assess the cardiovascular disease risk profile of NCAA Division III intercollegiate football athletes.Methods: Eighty-nine varsity football athletes (age = 19.6 ± 1.7 years, height = 1.81 ± 0.07m, weight = 92.7 ± 16.2kg; n = 21 linemen, n = 68 non-linemen) at a private Division III university volunteered to participate. During a preseason pre-participation physical examination, all participants completed a health history screening form (to assess personal and family history of cardiac related pathologies), and were assessed for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure (BP). Linemen only additionally gave a blood sample for fasting blood glucose and cholesterol analysis, and were assessed for waist and...
Assessing Stream Channel Restoration: The Phased Recovery Framework

Channel reconfiguration is one of the most common and costly stream restoration techniques, though its effectiveness is frequently questioned. Project monitoring often tracks changes in macroinvertebrate communities and other responses for a 5‐year period. However, channel reconfiguration is a documented disturbance to stream ecosystems, suggesting that this form of restoration initiates succession over longer time frames than monitoring typically captures. To address the role of succession in stream ecosystem recovery, we developed the Phased Recovery Framework (PRF) which proposes benchmarks represented by predictable habitat structure and community composition based on project age. The PRF was tested across nine stream restoration projects in western Montana, ranging in age from 1 to 18 years, each paired with an established reference system. We tested for differences in channel form, habitat character, and macroinvertebrate community composition. While restoration established desired channel form, most biotic variables had not recovered to reference condition even for the oldest projects. Across all sites, phases of the PRF were poor predictors of response. However, analyzing responses to reconfiguration independently for sites in watersheds with unimpaired water quality versus those experiencing excessive nutrient enrichment (i.e. impaired sites) indicated that biological variables converged on reference conditions at unimpaired sites, but diverged across impaired reaches. These large‐scale anthropogenic influences may play a stronger role in recovery than do changes to channel form and need to be incorporated into project design and success criteria. Assessment of the PRF suggests that short‐term monitoring is not likely to produce reliable indicators of effectiveness without incorporating locally appropriate change associated with watershed impairment and successional progression.
Spectroscopic database of CO2 line parameters: 4300–7000 cm−1

Abstract A new spectroscopic database for carbon dioxide in the near infrared is presented to support remote sensing of the terrestrial planets (Mars, Venus and the Earth). The compilation contains over 28,500 transitions of 210 bands from 4300 to 7000 cm−1 and involves nine isotopologues: 16O12C16O (626), 16O13C16O (636), 16O12C18O (628), 16O12C17O (627), 16O13C18O (638), 16O13C17O (637), 18O12C18O (828), 17O12C18O (728) and 18O13C18O (838). Calculated line positions, line intensities, Lorentz half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients for self- and air-broadening are taken from our recent measurements and are presented for the Voigt molecular line shape. The database includes line intensities for 108 bands measured using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located on Kitt Peak, Arizona. The available broadening parameters (half-widths and pressure-induced shifts) of 16O12C16O are applied to all isotopologues. Broadening coefficients are computed using empirical expressions that have been fitted to the experimental data. There are limited data for the temperature dependence of widths and so no improvement has been made for those parameters. The line intensities included in the catalog vary from 4×10−30 to 1.29×10−21 cm−1/(molecule cm−2) at 296 K. The total integrated intensity for this spectral interval is 5.9559×10−20 cm−1/(molecule cm−2) at 296 K.