cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Modal Parameters Extracted Using MIMO, SIMO, and Impact Hammer Tests on a Three-Bladed Wind Turbine

As part of a project to predict full-field dynamic strain of rotating structures (e.g. wind turbines or helicopter rotors), a validated numerical model of a structure is required. In this case, a small wind turbine was used. To understand the dynamic characteristics and validate a finite element model of a three-bladed wind turbine, several experimental modal analysis tests were conducted on the turbine attached to a 500-lb steel block. The test structure consisted of three 2.3-m blades mounted to a hub that was attached to the block using a shaft and a lathe chuck. In three separate tests, the structure was excited using a single shaker, multiple shakers, and an impact hammer; the responses of the structure to the excitations were measured using 12 triaxial accelerometers. The results reveal several very closely spaced modes present within the turbine in the test configuration. The natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained by using three different methods were compared to demonstrate the differences (e.g. strengths and weaknesses) between each excitation technique. The paper reports the results obtained and lessons learned during the experimental modal tests of the wind turbine.
Chapter 17 – Applications of mass spectrometry in oncology

Publisher Summary Mass spectrometric techniques have been used successfully in all aspects of cancer medicine and research. These include environmental carcinogenesis, cancer biochemistry and molecular biology, immunology, all stages of chemotherapy from identification of natural products through all phases of the arduous drug development process, and increasingly, medical oncology. A novel technique, laser capture microdissection (LCM), is developed to obtain very small populations of well-defined normal epithelial and adjacent tumor cells for subsequent lysing. In contrast to the ∼50,000 LCM-procured cells needed for 2D-PAGE analysis, the surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) process requires only 25–100 cells to obtain a usable protein profile. The technique is also applicable to subsequent imaging analysis. Several techniques are developed for quantification using stable isotope dilution. There are special considerations for the global addition of stable isotope labels before or after protein digestion, and the metabolic labeling of proteins in vivo, such as growing cells or even whole animals in which all proteins are labeled biosynthetically. Oncoproteomics is the systematic application of proteomic technologies to oncology research. Diagnostic proteomics concentrates on “differential display” comparisons of protein (peptide) concentrations in plasma or urine in health and disease ensuring the early, rapid, and reliable diagnosis of cancer for timely therapeutic intervention based on identified specific markers, early diagnosis of relapse, and early diagnosis for risk assessment to aid prevention.
Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis and Epilepsies in Children

Autoimmune causes of epilepsy have become an increasingly recognized etiology, especially in treatment refractory cases. Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of new biomarkers that have led to the identification of new syndromes. As the underlying pathophysiology is immune driven, their management and treatment are directed at the modulation of this abnormal immune response against self-antigens. These antibody-specific syndromes show variation between adult and pediatric populations. We focus this review article on those identified autoimmune encephalopathies and epilepsies and clinical differences between them as well as age-related variations that have been reported.
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of double perovskites Sr2RNbO6 (R = Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Tm, and Lu)

A series of double-perovskite oxides, Sr2RNbO6 (R = Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Tm, and Lu) were prepared and their crystal structure and powder diffraction reference patterns were determined using the Rietveld analysis technique. The crystal structure of each of the Sr2RNbO6 phase is reported in this paper. The R = Gd, Ho, and Lu samples were studied using synchrotron radiation, while R = Sm, Dy, Y, and Tm samples were studied using laboratory X-ray diffraction. Members of Sr2RNbO6 are monoclinic with a space group of P21/n and are isostructural with each other. Following the trend of “lanthanide contraction”, from R = Sm to Lu, the lattice parameters “a” of these compounds decreases from 5.84672(10) to 5.78100(3) A, b from 5.93192(13) to 5.80977(3) A, c from 8.3142(2) to 8.18957(5) A, and V decreases from 288.355(11) to 275.057(2) A3. In this double-perovskite series, the R3+ and Nb5+ ions are structurally ordered. The average Nb–O bond length is nearly constant, while the average R–O bond length decreases with the decreasing ionic radius of R3+. Powder diffraction patterns for these compounds have been submitted to the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).
Vulvovaginal Involvement in Pediatric Stevens−Johnson Syndrome: A Case Series

ABSTRACT Background Stevens−Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening spectra of mucocutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Prodromal viral-like symptoms are followed by a characteristic diffuse rash caused by keratinocyte apoptosis and epidermal detachment. Cases Three adolescents were admitted with SJS/TEN and vulvovaginal involvement following initiation of lamictal, bactrim, and phenobarbital. The patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and intravenous steroids. One patient received etanercept. Topical emollients and strict perineal hygiene were initiated. No permanent sequelae were noted following vaginoscopy. Summary and Conclusions Vulvovaginal involvement in SJS/TEN can occur and may result in permanent architectural changes. Basic management includes withdrawal of causative medication, intravenous steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and supportive care. Early initiation of perineal hygiene, vaginal barrier creams, and menstrual suppression should be employed. Vaginoscopy may be used to document full recovery.
Growth Factor-Stimulated Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Phospholipase C

Polypeptide growth factors are a diverse group of hormone-like molecules that elicit dramatic alterations in cellular structure, metabolism, gene expression, and proliferation (Roberts and Sporn, 1989). Receptor proteins differentially expressed on the surface of diverse cell types bind growth factors with high affinity and specificity (reviewed in Carpenter, 1987; Yarden and Ullrich, 1988). The growth factor receptors mediate the pleiotropic effects of growth factors on cellular functions; however, the molecular mechanisms of growth factor-stimulated mitogenic signaling are incompletely defined.
Lrg1 Regulates β (1,3)-Glucan Masking in Candida albicans through the Cek1 MAP Kinase Pathway

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is among the most prevalent opportunistic human fungal pathogens. The ability to mask the immunogenic polysaccharide β (1,3)-glucan from immune detection via a layer of mannosylated proteins is a key virulence factor of C. albicans. We previously reported that hyperactivation of the Cek1 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway promotes β (1,3)-glucan exposure. In this communication, we report a novel upstream regulator of Cek1 activation and characterize the impact of Cek1 activity on fungal virulence. Lrg1 encodes a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that has been suggested to inhibit the GTPase Rho1. We found that disruption of LRG1 causes Cek1 hyperactivation and β (1,3)-glucan unmasking. However, when GTPase activation was measured for a panel of GTPases, the lrg1ΔΔ mutant exhibited increased activation of Cdc42 and Ras1 but not Rho1 or Rac1. Unmasking and Cek1 activation in the lrg1ΔΔ mutant can be blocked by inhibition of the Ste11 MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), indicating that the lrg1ΔΔ mutant acts through the canonical Cek1 MAP kinase cascade. In order to determine how Cek1 hyperactivation specifically impacts virulence, a doxycycline-repressible hyperactive STE11ΔN467 allele was expressed in C. albicans. In the absence of doxycycline, this allele overexpressed STE11ΔN467, which induced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) from murine macrophages. This in vitro phenotype correlates with decreased colonization and virulence in a mouse model of systemic infection. The mechanism by which Ste11ΔN467 causes unmasking was explored with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. Overexpression of Ste11ΔN467 caused upregulation of the Cph1 transcription factor and of a group of cell wall-modifying proteins which are predicted to impact cell wall architecture. IMPORTANCECandida albicans is an important source of systemic infections in humans. The ability to mask the immunogenic cell wall polymer β (1,3)-glucan from host immune surveillance contributes to fungal virulence. We previously reported that the hyperactivation of the Cek1 MAP kinase cascade promotes cell wall unmasking, thus increasing strain immunogenicity. In this study, we identified a novel regulator of the Cek1 pathway called Lrg1. Lrg1 is a predicted GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that represses Cek1 activity by downregulating the GTPase Cdc42 and its downstream MAPKKK, Ste11. Upregulation of Cek1 activity diminished fungal virulence in the mouse model of infection, and this correlates with increased cytokine responses from macrophages. We also analyzed the transcriptional profile determined during β (1,3)-glucan exposure driven by Cek1 hyperactivation. Our report provides a model where Cek1 hyperactivation causes β (1,3)-glucan exposure by upregulation of cell wall proteins and leads to more robust immune detection in vivo, promoting more effective clearance.
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA: I. THE RELATION OF ERYTHROCYTE ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TO ACTIVITY OF THE DISEASE. II. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND LEUKOPENIA

1. Observations of 11 patients with acquired hemolytic anemia are reported. 2. In contrast to patients with congenital hemolytic jaundice, all patients in this group exhibited evidence of sensitization of their erythrocytes by an antibody-like agent. In all patients studied there was abnormal destruction of transfused cells in vivo. 3. The sensitizing agent was found to be adsorbed on the erythrocytes when it could not be demonstrated in the serum. A rough method of assay of the amount adsorbed was devised by making serial dilutions of the anti-globulin serum. With this technic a fairly consistent correlation was found between the amount of antibody on the cell and activity of the disease. 4. Splenectomy when successful appears to exert a curative effect by sharply reducing the amount of antibody substance on the cell. Patients who had not responded to splenectomy in the past showed evidence of saturation of their cells with adsorbed antibody. The erythrocytes of patients who had responded to splenectomy and were in remission when studied showed distinctly less antibody on the cell by the same technique. 5. Two patients were observed to enter spontaneous remission after a long period of activity. The onset of remission in both was associated with a decrease in the amount of adsorbed immune body. However, one patient has shown evidence of return of antibody production without immediate recurrence of the hemolytic anemia. This inconsistency is not explained. 6. The tendency toward spherocytosis as measured by increased osmotic fragility may or may not be present in acquired hemolytic anemia. Prior to splenectomy the most marked increase in hypotonic fragility was observed in the patient with the most active disease. Continued activity of the disease following splenectomy was productive of the most extreme increases in spherocytosis. This suggests that the spherocytic cells are removed from the circulation by the spleen. 7. Agglutination of red cells when the amount of adsorbed antibody reaches a critical level, together with such other phenomenon as stasis, spherocytosis, increased mechanical fragility and possibly phagocytosis probably explain the increased cell destruction. 8. The occurrence of definite and sustained leukopenia with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in several patients with hemolytic disease due to an immune body agent raises questions as to the etiology of classic thrombocytopenic purpura and of splenic neutropenia. Patients have been observed who seem to represent transition forms between acquired hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. Abnormal immune mechanisms could account for both excessive destruction of platelets and deficient formation.
Attitudes toward Working Mothers and Work-Oriented Fathers in the U.S.:

While there is a wealth of research on gender ideology, most research focuses on attitudes toward women and women’s roles. This study aims to address the gap in our understanding of attitudes towar...
Choosing TCP Variants for Cloud Tenants – A Measurement based Approach

Cloud computing has become the de-facto paradigm for fulfilling the computing needs of a myriad of applications like streaming, e-commerce, data analytics, etc. While a significant amount of work exists on how cloud providers can improve the networking performance of their cloud platforms, very little has been done to explore how a cloud tenant can achieve the best performance for their applications. In this paper, we study how the choice of the TCP variant impacts the performance achieved by tenant applications. We present a generic measurementbased approach to identify the best TCP variant for any given application in a given cloud environment. Our approach is comprised of first measuring several performance metrics including throughput, latency, and loss in the given cloud platform for several TCP variants, and then identifying the best TCP variant based on three things: observations from the measurements, nature of the traffic of the given application, and application requirements such as high throughput or low latency. We study the effectiveness of our approach by implementing it in two large public clouds, Amazon’s AWS and Google’s GCP, and present our observations from several case studies using three common cloud applications, namely streaming, distributed input-output, and sort, and four common TCP variants, namely Cubic, New Reno, BBR, and DCTCP. From our observations, we found that just by changing the TCP variant that an application uses, the average throughput can be increased by up to 13.7% and the round trip time can be decreased by up to 5 times.
Management of bladder tumors in pregnancy: A case of tumor prolapse and avulsion during labor

Pregnancy presents unique obstacles to diagnosis and management of urologic disease. We present a case of a primigravid female with clot retention requiring evacuation in the operating room due to the avulsion of a bladder mass which prolapsed during labor. Tumor pathology demonstrated a low-grade spindle cell lesion positive for progesterone receptor (PR) and high mobility group A2 (HMGA2), suggestive of deep angiomyxoma versus a benign fibroepithelial polyp or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Numerical study of R134a liquid-vapor flow in a vertical header for phase separation with low inlet quality

Abstract The separation circuitry has been proven in the past to improve the performance of microchannel condensers. In the vertical second header of the condenser, liquid separates from vapor mainly due to gravity. However, separation is usually not perfect, expressed through the separation efficiency. This study presents the phase separation result in the second header calculated by the Euler-Euler method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Simulations are conducted for two-phase refrigerant R134a flow in the second header with 21 microchannel tubes in the 1st pass. The inlet mass flux to the second header (through the microchannels of the 1st pass) in the simulation is 166 kg m − 2 s − 1, 207 kg m − 2 s − 1, and 311 kg m − 2 s − 1. The inlet quality is 0.13 to 0.21. The results agree well with the experimental results with flow visualization and the results of a simpler 1-D numerical model. Results show that the liquid separation efficiency decreases as the vapor separation efficiency increases, following a linear trend in the experimental range. The void fraction result shows liquid mainly flows in the half of the header without microchannel tube intrusions. The velocity profile in the header is presented and reverse flow is identified on the exit planes of the inlet section connecting to the 2nd-upper pass and the 2nd-lower pass. The pressure profile in the header is also revealed and it indicates that the 1-D pressure assumption may still apply to two-phase flow in a header.
Medication Adherence Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Purpose The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Medications are integral to the management and control of CVD; however, suboptimal adherence impacts health outcomes. This systematic review aims to critically examine interventions targeted at improving medication adherence among persons with CVD in LMICs. Methods In this systematic review, we searched online databases PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for studies that evaluated a medication adherence intervention for CVD, reported adherence as an outcome measure, were conducted in LMICs and reported the strategy or tool used to measure adherence. We included articles published in English, available in full text, peer-reviewed, and published between 2010 and 2020. Results We included 45 articles in this review. The majority of the studies implemented counseling and educational interventions led by nurses, pharmacists, or community health workers. Many of the studies delivered medication-taking reminders in the form of phone calls, text messages, short message services (SMS), and in-phone calendars. Multi-component interventions were more effective than unifocal interventions. Interventions involving technology, such as mobile phone calls, electronic pillboxes, and interactive phone SMS reminders, were more effective than generic reminders. The outcomes reported in the studies varied based on the complexity and combination of strategies. When interventions were implemented at both the patient level, such as reminders, and at the provider level, such as team-based care, the effect on medication adherence was larger. Conclusion In LMICs, medication adherence interventions among persons with CVD included a combination of patient education, reminders, fixed-dose combination therapy and team-based care approach were generally more effective than singular interventions. Among patients who had CVD, the medication adherence interventions were found to be moderately effective. Future studies focusing on improving medication adherence in LMICs should consider non-physician-led interventions and appropriately adapt the interventions to the local context.
A THREE DIMENSIONAL VEHICLE-MAN MODEL FOR COLLISION AND HIGH ACCELERATION STUDIES.

The basic elements of a mathematical analysis of a three-dimensional vehicle (cockpit)-- occupant simulation model are presented. The model employs Hanavan's finite segment human body model and possesses 31 degrees of freedom. The dynamical analysis is based upon Lagrange's form of d'Alembert's principle, which systematically provides for an efficient computer-oriented derivation of the governing dynamical equations of motion. The model possesses a broad range of application. An elementary study of a front-end collision is presented as an illustrative example.
Preparation, characterization, and functions of rabbit lymph node populations. III. Antigen-induced uptake of thymidine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP: inhibition of thymidine uptake by cholera toxin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

Abstract Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed lymph node cell (LNC) populations were incubated with various amounts of KLH and the cellular incorporation of tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) or tritiated N6, O2′ dibutyryl cyclic AMP ([3H]DbcAMP) was determined. T LNC responded more vigorously than did complement receptor lymphocytes (CRL), i.e., B cells, at all KLH concentrations, during all time intervals examined, and in the presence or absence of normal rabbit serum (NRS). The depletion of adherent cells from KLH-primed LNC resulted in no significant decrease in KLH-induced incorporation of either [3H]TdR or [3H]DbcAMP in any of the LNC populations. Thus it appeared that variation among LNC populations in the incidence of macrophages did not account for the marked variation in their responses. Cultures containing equal numbers of T and CRL were induced to incorporate more [3H]TdR or [3H]DbcAMP than either population cultured separately or the sum of their individual responses. It was concluded that KLH-induced incorporation of these substances into primed, isolated LNC, was primarily manifested in the T-cell population. The synergism seen in cultures containing mixtures of T and CRL suggested that B cells are induced to incorporate [3H]TdR or [3H]DbcAMP in the presence of antigen and T-cell product(s). KLH-induced incorporation of [3H]TdR into KLH-primed LNC was inhibited by cholera enterotoxin (CT) and DbcAMP as previously reported. However, CT or DbcAMP inhibited this incorporation into T LNC to a greater extent than into CRL or unfractionated LNC.
Ligand-induced changes in the conformational stability and flexibility of glutamate dehydrogenase and their role in catalysis and regulation.

Bovine glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is allosterically regulated and requires substrate-induced subunit interactions for maximum catalytic activity. Steady-state and presteady-state kinetics indicate that the rate-limiting step depends on the nature of the substrate and are likely associated with conformational fluctuations necessary for optimal hydride transfer. Deuterated glutamate shows a steady-state isotope effect but no effect on the presteady-state burst rate, demonstrating that conformational effects are rate limiting for hydride transfer while product release is overall rate limiting for glutamate. Guanidine hydrochloride unfolding, heat inactivation, and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrate the effects of alternative substrates, glutamate and norvaline, on conformational stability. Glutamate has little effect on overall stability, whereas norvaline markedly stabilizes the protein. Limited proteolysis demonstrates that glutamate had a variety of effects on local flexibility, whereas norvaline significantly decreased conformational fluctuations that allow protease cleavage. Dynamic light scattering suggests that norvaline stabilizes all interfaces in the hexamer, whereas glutamate had little effect on trimer–trimer interactions. The substrate glutamate exhibits negative cooperativity and complex allosteric regulation but has only minor effects on global GDH stability, while promoting certain local conformational fluctuations. In contrast, the substrate norvaline does not show negative cooperativity or allow allosteric regulation. Instead, norvaline significantly stabilizes the enzyme and markedly slows or prevents local conformational fluctuations that are likely to be important for cooperative effects and to determine the overall rate of hydride transfer. This suggests that homotropic allosteric regulation by the enzymatic substrate involves changes in both global stability and local flexibility of the protein.
PRIORIDADES PARA EL PROGRESO EN LA EVALUACIÓN Y MONITOREO DE LA CALIDAD DE LA ATENCIÓN

This paper discusses the following priorities: redefining and widening the scope of assessment, redefining assessment methods, redesigning and evaluating quality assurance systems, promoting consumer participation, professionalizing quality assurance, and creating a supportive culture. The article proposes empirical assessment of quality assurance methods as the highest priority. It concludes with the idea that seeking quality is the ethical dimension of professional life. Therefore, all reasonable efforts towards monitoring quality will be successful. Without this, the cleverest monitoring systems will fact.
Intracellular Ca2+ requirement for activation of the Na+/H+ exchanger in vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract The role for intracellular Ca2+ in modulating activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger was studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Na+/H+ exchange was activated by four distinct stimuli: 1) phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 2) thrombin, 3) cell shrinkage, and 4) intracellular acid loading. [Ca2+]i was independently varied between 40 and 200 nM by varying the bathing Ca2+ from 10 nM to 5.0 mM. Thrombin-induced intracellular Ca2+ transients were blocked with bis(2-amino-5-methylphenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (MAPTAM). In the absence of stimulators of Na+/H+ exchange, varying [Ca2+]i above or below the basal level of 140 nM did not activate Na+/H+ exchange spontaneously. However, varying [Ca2+]i did affect stimulus-induced activation of Na+/H+ exchange. Activation of the exchanger by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was blunted by reduced intracellular Ca2+ (half-maximal activity at 50-90 nM [Ca2+]i), consistent with a Ca2+ requirement for protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme). Activation of the exchanger by thrombin in protein kinase C-depleted cells was also sensitive to reduced intracellular Ca2+ (half-maximal activity at 90-140 nM [Ca2+]i) and was increased 40% by raising [Ca2+]i to 200 nM. Activation of the exchanger by cell shrinkage or intracellular acid loads was not significantly affected over the range of [Ca2+]i tested. Thus, altered [Ca2+]i does not itself affect Na+/H+ exchange activity in vascular smooth muscle but instead modulates activation of the transporter by particular stimuli.
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of a family of Bessel function integrals

Abstract This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor due to editorial error and by no fault of the author. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy .
SimulSort: Multivariate Data Exploration through an Enhanced Sorting Technique

Sorting is one of the well-understood and widely-used interaction techniques. Sorting has been adopted in many software applications and supports various cognitive tasks. However, when used in analyzing multi-attribute data in a table, sorting appears to be limited. When a table is sorted by a column, it rearranges the whole table, so the insights gained through the previous sorting arrangements of another column are often difficult to retain. Thus, this study proposed an alternative interaction technique, called "SimulSort." By sorting all of the columns simultaneously, SimulSort helps users see an overview of the data at a glance. Additional interaction techniques, such as highlighting and zooming, were also employed to alleviate the drawbacks of SimulSort. A within-subject controlled study with 15 participants was conducted to compare SimulSort and the typical sorting feature. The results showed typical sorting and SimulSort work with comparable efficiency and effectiveness for most of the tasks. Sorting more effectively supports understanding correlation and reading corresponding values, and SimulSort shows the potential to more effectively support tasks that need multi-attribute analyses. The implications of the results and planned future work are discussed as well.
Novel tools and resources for evidence-based practice in psychology

Given the vast proliferation of scientific research in the behavioral and social sciences, there is a growing need for psychologists to be able to access the most current, clinically relevant research quickly and efficiently and integrate this information into patient care. In response to a similar need within the field of medicine, evidence-based medicine took hold in the early 1990s to provide both a framework and set of skills for translating research into practice. Since then, this method has been adopted by every major health care profession including psychology, and is now widely known as evidence-based practice (EBP). In this article, the authors present a general overview of the skills required for EBP along with an introduction to some of the tools and resources that have been developed in other health care professions to support EBP. Using a case example, we illustrate how these tools and resources can be applied in psychological settings.
Responsiveness to 2-deoxy-d-glucose and insulin in rats with rostral zona incerta lesions.

Abstract Lesions of the rostral zona incerta (ZI) impaired or abolished the feeding response to a broad range of doses of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) (50 to 900 mg/kg), including some that were clearly subthreshold in controls as well as others that induced severe side effects. Most lesioned rats did not increase food intake after any dose of 2DG. Experimental animals that did respond to 2DG consistently are less than controls at all doses. There was no evidence of a lateral shift in the dose-response curve for these rats. In contrast, ZI lesions had little effect on the feeding response to a broad range of doses of insulin (0.5 to 7 units); the dose-response curve of lesioned subjects was essentially parallel to that of controls. A correlational analysis indicated that the relatively minor effects of ZI lesions on the feeding response to insulin but not the devastating impairment of the response to 2DG may be related to the transient debilitating effects that ZI lesions had on postsurgical ad lib intake and body weight.
Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project

The heterogeneity in the healthy human immune system, and the immunological changes that portend various diseases, have been only partially described. Their comprehensive elucidation has been termed the 'Human Immunology Project'. The accurate measurement of variations in the human immune system requires precise and standardized assays to distinguish true biological changes from technical artefacts. Thus, to be successful, the Human Immunology Project will require standardized assays for immunophenotyping humans in health and disease. A major tool in this effort is flow cytometry, which remains highly variable with regard to sample handling, reagents, instrument setup and data analysis. In this Review, we outline the current state of standardization of flow cytometry assays and summarize the steps that are required to enable the Human Immunology Project.
Magnetic Core/Shell Fe3O4/Au and Fe3O4/Au/Ag Nanoparticles with Tunable Plasmonic Properties

Core/shell structured Fe3O4/Au and Fe3O4/Au/Ag nanoparticles are synthesized by depositing Au and Ag on the Fe3O4 nanoparticle surface in aqueous solution at room temperature. The control on shell thickness allows the tuning of plasmonic properties of the core/shell structure to be either red-shifted (to 560 nm) or blue-shifted (to 501 nm). Such magneto-optical nanoparticles should have great potentials for nanoparticle-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Mixing in the Main Thermocline

Abstract A series of profiles of velocity microstructure along 152°E in the western North Pacific Ocean were collected in May–June 1982. Large, averaged turbulent dissipation rates, ϵ, found in the main thermocline (400 to 1000 m) were determined by a combination of large independent estimates of ϵ and a greater rate of occurrence of turbulent events in the main thermocline than elsewhere. Concurrently we find that averaged values of ϵ exhibit a positive dependence on the buoyancy frequency, N, and that form ϵ = aNγ is best fit by γ = 1 when only the data below 400 m are considered. Of the more than 5000 m of data collected below 1000 m depth, 12% showed measurable turbulence and dominated the depth averages. A deep ocean estimate of an upper bound to the eddy coefficient for vertical diffusion, Kρ, is 10−4 m2 s−1 and not significantly different from the value estimated by Munk. The inferred dependence of the mass flux with depth indicates the relative significance of vertical mixing in the main thermocli...
Spatial distribution and sampling procedures for Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in staked tomato

Phytophagous thrips were sampled in commercial tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum L., fields in western North Carolina during a 3-yr period from 1990 to 1992. Tomato flowers were collected to sample thrips and evaluate 3 different sampling units (2, 5, and 10 flowers) for their relative net precision. Flower thrips, Frankliniella tritici (Fitch), and western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), were the dominant species collected, accounting for 96% of all specimens. Relative net precision values indicated that a 10-flower unit was more precise and cost-efficient than either the 2- or 5-flower unit. Frequency data collected from the 10-flower unit were described by the negative binomial distribution. Both F. occidentalis and F. tritici exhibited an aggregated distribution in tomato fields. Taylor power law provided a better fit to the data than Iwao patchiness regression. Slopes and intercepts of Taylor power law did not differ among thrips species or total thrips. A fixed-precision-level sequential sampling plan was developed using the parameters of Taylor power law generated from total number of thrips in a 10-flower sampling unit. The resulting sampling plan was tested with sequential sampling bootstrap simulations ( n = 500) using 11 independent data sets for the validation. Bootstrap simulation over a range of densities demonstrated that actual Do values at Do = 0.30 averaged <0.26 in every case.
Pernicious anemia with associated glossodynia

Glossitis and glossodynia are commonly seen by the dental practitioner. The awareness that these symptoms in conjunction with other oral signs indicate pernicious anemia is important for the clinician. Correct diagnosis can be made, and neurological complications avoided. Two case reports are presented and typical oral and systemic features of pernicious anemia are discussed.
Optimal Use of Mixed Task and Data Parallelism for Pipelined Computations

This paper addresses optimal mapping of parallel programs composed of a chain of data parallel tasks onto the processors of a parallel system. The input to the programs is a stream of data sets, each of which is processed in order by the chain of tasks. This computation structure, also referred to as a data parallel pipeline, is common in several application domains, including digital signal processing, image processing, and computer vision. The parameters of the performance for such stream processing are latency (the time to process an individual data set) and throughput (the aggregate rate at which data sets are processed). These two criteria are distinct since multiple data sets can be pipelined or processed in parallel. The central contribution of this research is a new algorithm to determine a processor mapping for a chain of tasks that optimizes latency in the presence of a throughput constraint. We also discuss how this algorithm can be applied to solve the converse problem of optimizing throughput with a latency constraint. The problem formulation uses a general and realistic model of intertask communication and addresses the entire problem of mapping, which includes clustering tasks into modules, assigning of processors to modules, and possible replicating of modules. The main algorithms are based on dynamic programming and their execution time complexity is polynomial in the number of processors and tasks. The entire framework is implemented as an automatic mapping tool in the Fx parallelizing compiler for a dialect of High Performance Fortran.
Probing Structure and Dynamics of Externalized Transmembrane Alpha Helices of S21 Pinholin Protein using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The last step of the bacteriophage infection cycle is cell death through lysis, the breakdown of the cell membrane. The mechanism of lysis uses two proteins, a small membrane protein called the holin and a muralytic enzyme called endolysin. The holin protein of this study is the S21 pinholin, a small hole forming membrane protein comprised of two transmembrane α-helical domains, TMD1 and TMD2. Only TMD2 is required for membrane hole formation, whereas TMD1 acts as the active inhibitory domain of TMD2. Therefore, in the mechanism of hole formation TMD1 must be externalized from the cell membrane. Although the function of TMD2 is well characterized there is a lack of information regarding TMD1. It is currently believed that TMD1 serves no functionality once externalized from the membrane. However, there is substantial literary evidence suggesting otherwise. It is hypothesized that the externalized TMD1s interact with each other using the glycine zipper α-helical packing motif to inhibit any TMD1s from looping over to close off or block the holin hole once formed. These interactions between TMD1s could also stabilize the pinhole formation and conformational changes of TMD2 inside the membrane.This study will be the first time solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) will be used to make the S21 pinholin protein. The holin proteins will be site-specifically spin labeled with MTSL and the purity will be confirmed using MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. Next will be to determine the degree to which TMD1 is externalized through lipid system incorporation and EPR power saturation techniques. This is followed by confirmation of TMD1 α-helical structure retention post externalization. Finally, externalized TMD1 interactions will be probed using DEER and ESEEM EPR techniques to measure distances between neighboring TMD1s.
Electroconvulsive shock stimulates polyphosphoinositide degradation and inositol trisphosphate accumulation in rat cerebrum: lithium pretreatment does not potentiate these changes.

Abstract Using an in vivo model, we explored the acute effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and lithium on rat cerebral polyphosphoinositides and inositol phosphates. ECS was shown to increase the [3H]inositol trisphosphate ([3H]IP3) by 75%, decrease the endogenous mass of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by 23%, and enhance [3H]myo-inositol labeling into the polyphosphoinositides. In contrast, lithium pretreatment 20–24 h prior to ECS appeared to attenuate the ECS-induced [3H]IP3 increase and the decrease in mass of PIP2; [3H]inositol monophosphate ([3H]IP1) levels demonstrated no differences between the lithium ECS and lithium-alone groups. These results indicate that ECS stimulates the inositol lipid cycle in brain possibly due to neurotransmitter release. Moreover, the effects of lithium suggest other possible sites of action of this cation on inositol lipid metabolism in addition to an inhibition of inositol-1-phosphatase.
Reflection of radio waves by sporadic-E layers

A full-wave analysis of the reflection coefficient is developed and applied to electron-density profiles of midlatitude sporadic-E layers observed by rocket-borne probes. It is shown that partial reflection from the large electron-density gradients at the upper and lower boundaries of sporadic-E layers does not account for the partial transparency observed by ionosondes.
Additional solutions to the Dirac equation with Yukawa potential

The Dirac equation is shown to have extra solutions when the dimensionless coupling constantγ2 exceeds 3/4. The physical ambiguities of these solutions are clarified by the incorporation of Regge’s treatment of angular momentum.
Pediatric depression: is there evidence to improve evidence-based treatments?

Although there have been advances in our ability to treat child and adolescent depression, use of evidence-based treatments still results in many patients with residual symptoms. Advances in our understanding of cognitive, emotional, and ecological aspects of early-onset depression have the potential to lead to improvements in the assessment and treatment of depression. A search for endophenotypes, i.e., traits that are related to depression, mediate the familial transmission of depression, and are genetically determined, may help in understanding etiology and in personalizing treatment. However, advances in treatment may also come from the identification of biomarkers, i.e., modifiable neurocognitive, physiological, or biochemical indices that are correlated with, or mediate, treatment outcome. More effective treatments may emerge from being able to personalize interventions to the patient’s cognitive, emotional, and developmental profile.
Glucose and glycerol uptake by isolated zooxanthellae fromCassiopea xamachana: Transport mechanisms and regulation by host homogenate fractions

We investigated the mechanisms by which glycerol and glucose enter freshly isolated zooxanthellae (FIZ),Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal, of the mangrove jellyfish,Cassiopea xamachana Bigelow, and the specific sites of host factor interaction. Glucose entry into FIZ is accomplished by a Na+-dependent symport system driven by an electrochemical gradient generated via a Na+-K+ ATPase. Inhibition of glucose uptake by a low molecular weight fraction of host homogenates [mol. wt<2 kilodaltons (kD)] occurs through the interaction of a putative host factor with the carrier protein and not the ATPase. Glycerol entry is apparently accomplished by simple or facilitated diffusion and is not affected by host homogenate fractions.
Marching Against the Dictator: Chernobyl Path in Belarus

The protest campaign Chernobyl Path is held annually in Belarus to commemorate victims of the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, raise public awareness of environmental issues, and call for democratization in the post-communist state. The size of this protest event, however, has declined since the mid-1990s. This Profile argues that protest tactics and state countermoves account for a low level of citizen participation in the protest event. The empirical analysis focuses on the protest campaign held in the capital city of Minsk in spring 2013. The present analysis examines tactics deployed by regime opponents and state authorities during this protest campaign. The study illustrates how civic activists in an authoritarian regime seek to put environmental issues on the public agenda.
Stay away from me

This study attempts to identify the potential determinants of advertising avoidance in the context of personalized advertising media, including unsolicited commercial e-mail, postal direct mail, te...
A Reconfigurable Mostly-Digital Delta-Sigma ADC With a Worst-Case FOM of 160 dB

This paper presents a second-generation mostly-digital background-calibrated oversampling ADC based on voltage- controlled ring oscillators (VCROs). Its performance is in line with the best ΔΣ modulator ADCs published to date, but it occupies much less circuit area, is reconfigurable, and consists mainly of digital circuitry. Enhancements relative to the first-generation version include digitally background-calibrated open-loop V / I conversion in the VCRO to increase ADC bandwidth and enable operation from a single low-voltage power supply, quadrature coupled ring oscillators to reduce quantization noise, digital over-range correction to improve dynamic range and enable graceful overload behavior, and various circuit-level improvements. The ADC occupies 0.075 mm2 in a 65 nm CMOS process and operates from a single 0.9-1.2 V supply. Its sample-rate is tunable from 1.3 to 2.4 GHz over which the SNDR spans 70-75 dB, the bandwidth spans 5-37.5 MHz, and the minimum SNDR+ 10log(bandwidth/power dissipation) figure of merit (FOM) is 160 dB.
The ionic strength dependence of so20w of Phage DNA in NH4Ac

Abstract The sedimentation coefficients of T4, T5, T7, and case1 2 T7 DNA are measured in various concentrations of NH4Ac, The buoyancy factor for DNA in NH4Ac is also measured; the changes in so20w reflect only changes in the friction factor. so20w is found to increase for all four DNA's as NH4Ac concentration is raised from 0.07 to 1 M, reach a maximum and decrease slightly in higher salt concentrations up to 3.28 M. The results are compared to corrected sedimentation measurements for T7 DNA in NaCl solutions, and also to viscometric studies. The circular dichroism of DNA in various concentrations of NH4Ac is also measured.
Rapid relaxation of crystallographic anisotropy in SiO2-removed lateral epitaxial overgrown GaN layers

Abstract Conventional LEO GaN layers are generally known to exhibit strain anisotropy arising from the interaction between laterally overgrown GaN and SiO 2 masks. In an attempt to minimize the strain and its effects on crystallography, the oxide mask was etched out prior to coalescence between adjacent GaN wings. A second overgrowth step was subsequently performed to complete the fabrication of SiO 2 -removed LEO layers. No split peak in the ω -rocking curve of (0 0 0 2) plane, indicating a crystallographic tilt, was observed in the SiO 2 -removed LEO layers. A small difference in FWHM values of (0 0 0 2) peak still existed depending on the direction of SiO 2 stripe with respect to the rotation axis for X-ray measurement. This is attributed to a residual anisotropy strain produced at the initial stage of lateral growth. Moreover, the anisotropy strain drastically relaxed as a result of SiO 2 mask removal and the inevitable thermal treatment of floating GaN wings during the second overgrowth.
Kierkegaard on freedom and the scala paradisi

In this essay I wish to outline S0ren Kierkegaard's notion of freedom as it unfolds in his writings and plays a central role in his anthropology and the schema of salvation. One might say that freedom is the central concept in his philosophy of religion, and that it provides one with an ariadne thread with which to wind one's way through the myriads of tunnels and diversions of his works. All his other notions, e.g., anxiety, despair, subjectivity, and faith, are expressions of this notion. There is a question whether 'freedom' is really more than one notion in the melancholy Dane's work, but I shall assume Kierkegaard's own view on the matter that the concept is one but has various forms or levels of meaning, of which some are more adequate than others. The first thing to note about the concept is that it is not a simple concept in any of its phases. In fact, Kierkegaard treats all of his concepts as complex and dialectical, having significance only in opposition to another concept. Good only is understood in relationship to evil as its necessary other, love through indifference, salvation through despair and suffering. Freedom is always seen in tension with necessity, whether it be in the form of facticity, historical necessity, fate,
Biological efficacy of several commercially available peptones for mammalian cells in culture.

Abstract The biological efficacy of several commercially available peptones was evaluated for three continuous mammalian cell lines. Peptic peptone, a peptic digest of beef lung, and Bacto-peptone were found to be most suitable.
Artificial light and nicotine subsensitivity.

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a syndrome marked by recurrent depressions that generally occurinthefallorwinter(Rosenthaletal. 1984). This syndrome reportedly responds to daily treatment with 2-6 hr of bright artificial light (James et al. 1982; Lewy et al. 1982; Rosenthal et al. 1984, 1986; Wehr et al. 1986). A mechanism accounting for the efficacy for this treatment has not been identified. In order to remedy this gap in the literature we have conducted a series of studies (Dilsaver and Majchrzak 1987, 1988a,b). Twenty-four hours of treatment with bright artificial light for 14 consecutive days obliterates the hypothermic response to nicotine (Dilsaver and Majchtzak 1988a). This is an effect characteristic of several antidepressants (Dilsaver and Davidson 1987; Dilsaver and Hariharan 1988). This article presents data indicating that bright artificial light presented during the regular photoperiod also produces subsensitivity to the hypothermic effects of nicotine.