cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of repeated amphetamine administration on antisaccades in schizophrenia spectrum personality

Repeated amphetamine administration is used to examine the responsivity of cerebral dopaminergic systems. Schizophrenia spectrum personality (SSP) provides a unique opportunity to study the pathophysiology of schizophrenia because of shared neurobiology without the confounding factors of acute psychosis and psychotropic exposure. Previously we noted that on repeated amphetamine administration, dyskinesia and SSP symptoms were less likely to worsen in SSP than in healthy volunteers. In the current study, we report the effects of repeated amphetamine on antisaccade task performance. Eleven SSP and seven healthy subjects were given placebo once and amphetamine (30 mg) twice, in randomized double-blind fashion at least 1 week apart. Antisaccade eye measurements (error rate and latency) were recorded over 30 trials in each direction. Analysis of error rate showed no significant main effects of the drug. There was a significant group by field by drug interaction effect on the antisaccade latency. The SSP group showed a significant reduction in antisaccade latency for right field targets whereas no significant effects were noted in healthy control subjects. Findings from this preliminary study suggest SSP may be more receptive to the beneficial effects of repeated amphetamine on cognition than healthy controls.
On-Line Transformations of High Resolution Spectra

A new technique has been drvised for transforming the pulse height distribution obtained from a lithium drifted germanium crystal used as a gamma-ray spectrometer into an energy, peak area vector. The computer operations required are simple enough to be performed by an on-line computer in about five seconds. The vector is generated from the raw pulse height distributed by the subtraction of a smoothed version of the raw vector. In order to remove the statistically insignificant portions of the differences, all values less than twice the square root of the original element of the data are set equal to zero. The only remanent of the Compton contribution to the raw data is a small peak at the Compton edge. The resulting vector may be plotted directly or further transformed to sum the area under each peak providing a convenient graphic or tabular means of presenting the gamma-ray energy and relative intensity information.
Anthropology and Politics: Revolutions in the Sacred Grove

Anthropology and Politics: Revolutions in the Sacred Grove. ERNEST GELLNER. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1995. xvi. 260 pp., preface, acknowledgments, index.
Multicentered integrated QM:QM methods for weakly bound clusters: An efficient and accurate 2-body:many-body treatment of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions

Abstract An efficient integrated QM:QM technique for the description of weakly bound clusters is presented. The computational technique described here takes advantage of the recently developed multicentered (MC) integrated QM:QM methods and reliably describes hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions by treating all 2-body interactions with a high-level QM method and the many-body interactions with a low-level QM method. Even for small clusters of He, Ne, HF, and water, the MC QM:QM methods are typically 1–3 orders of magnitude faster than the high-level method while introducing an error of less than 1% in the interaction energy.
Changes in Left Ventricular Volume, Mass, and Function During the Development and Regression of Supraventricular Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Disparity Between Recovery of Systolic Versus Diastolic Function

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia causes a dilated cardiomyopathy in man. Terminating this tachycardia appears to result in symptomatic improvement; however, its effects on left ventricular (LV) volume, mass, and function have not been fully examined. Accordingly, hemodynamic studies using simultaneous echocardiography and catheterization were performed in three groups of pigs: 1) those subjected to rapid left atrial pacing (240 beats/min) for 3 weeks (SVT, n = 8), 2) those subjected to supraventricular tachycardia for 3 weeks followed by termination of pacing and a 4-week recovery period (PSVT, n = 9), and 3) sham-operated controls (CTR, n = 10). Systolic pump function was assessed using fractional shortening (FS), peak ejection rate [peak (-)dD/dt], and maximum rate of pressure development [peak (+)dP/dt]. Diastolic function was assessed using the time constant of isovolumic pressure decline (tau), peak early diastolic filling rate [peak (+)dD/dt], the chamber stiffness constant (Kc), and the myocardial stiffness constant (Km). Supraventricular tachycardia caused LV dilation (end-diastolic dimension [EDD] increased from 3.5 +/- 0.4 cm in CTR to 4.9 +/- 0.5 cm in SVT, p less than 0.05) but no change in LV mass (LV weight-to-body weight ratio [LV/BW]) was 2.58 +/- 0.3 g/kg in CTR and 2.66 +/- 0.4 g/kg in SVT), all indexes of systolic function became abnormal (FS fell from 30 +/- 4% in CTR to 13 +/- 5% in SVT, p less than 0.05), and the indexes of relaxation and filling were slowed (tau increased from 36 +/- 3 msec in CTR to 51 +/- 13 msec in SVT, p less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in Kc or Km. After terminating the supraventricular tachycardia, LV volume fell but remained greater than that in CTR (EDD was 4.2 +/- 0.4 cm in PSVT, p less than 0.05 versus CTR) and substantial LV hypertrophy developed (LV/BW was 3.48 +/- 0.5 g/kg in PSVT, p less than 0.05 versus CTR). Systolic function returned to normal (FS was 31 +/- 5% in PSVT) but diastolic function remained abnormal. In PSVT, tau remained prolonged (49 +/- 12 msec, p less than 0.05 versus CTR), Kc increased from 3.7 +/- 1.0 in CTR to 7.4 +/- 1.2 (p less than 0.05), and Km increased from 4.4 +/- 1.5 in CTR to 13.9 +/- 9.7 (p less than 0.05). Thus, the improvement in systolic function that occurs after the termination of supraventricular tachycardia is associated with the development of LV hypertrophy and persistent diastolic dysfunction.
Stapes fixation and proximal symphalangism

The syndrome of stapes fixation and proximal symphalangism has been described in a 7-year-old female. Her mother had similar bony alterations but was not deaf.
The Character of Temptation: Towards a More Plausible Kantian Moral Psychology

Kant maintained that dutiful action can have the fullest measure of moral worth even if chosen in the face of powerful inclinations to act immorally, and indeed that opposing inclinations only highlight the worth of the action. I argue that this conclusion rests on an implausibly mechanistic account of desires, and that many desires are constituted by tendencies to see certain features of one’s circumstances as reasons to perform one or another action. I try to show that inclinations to violate moral requirements sometimes manifest a morally objectionable half-heartedness in one’s commitment to those very requirements, and - by extension - to the values that undergird these requirements.
Stabilization and hydrometallurgical treatment of flyash from a municipal incinerator

Flyash from municipal solid-waste (MSW) incinerators is frequently classified as a characteristic hazardous waste due to lead and cadmium content. Two alternate processing schemes for the treatment of flyash obtained from the MSW incinerator in Tuscaloosa, AL have been investigated; one involves stabilization of the flyash with portland cement, and the other involves the recovery and recycling of metal values by leaching and subsequent precipitation. Results indicate that flyash can be successfully stabilized in a 1:1 mixture of flyash and portland cement which meets environmental requirements. It has also been demonstrated that extraction of the metal content from flyash, specifically lead, cadmium and zinc, can be accomplished quickly and efficiently by leaching in hydrochloric acid solutions. Preliminary experiments on the subsequent recovery or precipitation of metallic lead and cadmium from these leaching solutions by cementation with zinc dust appear to be promising. Various means were used for characterization of the as-received material and several leaching residues including X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that at least some of the lead in the flyash is present in the form of PbSO4, with smaller amounts of PbCl2.
Toxicity of the Norflurazon to the Aquatic Macrophyte Vallisneria americana (Michx.)

Vallisneria americana (Michx.) (common name tapegrass) is a submersed, vascular aquatic plant that reproduces vegetatively and by seed. The objective of this study was to determine the no-observable-effects concentrations (NOECs) and lowest-observable-effects concentrations (LOECs) for tapegrass exposed to the herbicide norflurazon (0–0.1 mg/L) following a 14-d exposure and a postexposure period. The primary symptom of norflurazon toxicity was bleaching of newly emerged leaf blades at concentrations of 0.04 mg/L and higher after 14 d of exposure. Leaf greenness effect levels were 0.04 mg/L (NOEC) and 0.06 mg/L (LOEC). All other endpoints measured resulted in a NOEC greater than 0.1 mg/L following the exposure period. Latent effects were observed 14 d postexposure for new leaf production and fresh weight gains, with a NOEC and LOEC of 0.08 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Total leaf growth was the least sensitive endpoint measured. Following the exposure/postexposure periods, significant effects on vegetative r...
Peer assessments of normative and individual teacher-student support predict social acceptance and engagement among low-achieving children.

This study used hierarchical linear modeling to predict first grade students' peer acceptance, classroom engagement, and sense of school belonging from measures of normative classroom teacher–student support and individual teacher–student support. Participants were 509 (54.4% male) ethnically diverse, first grade children attending one of three Texas School districts (1 urban, 2 small city) who scored below their school district median on a measure of literacy administered at the beginning of first grade. Peer nominations from 5147 classmates were used to assess both normative and individual levels of teacher support. Normative classroom teacher–student support predicted children's peer acceptance and classroom engagement, above the effects of child gender, ethnic minority status, and individual teacher–student support. Results are discussed in terms of implications for teacher preparation and professional development.
Renal hemangioma: Diagnostic aspects and management techniques

Renal hemangiomas are rare lesions that demonstrate a spectrum of clinical, radiographic, and pathologic presentation. Angiographic differentiation from renal cell carcinoma is usually possible, and in such cases conservative management should be attempted. Hemangiomas are in some ways similar to arteriovenous malformations, but lack the rapid and pronounced pre-capillary shunting that characterize the latter. Three cases are presented, two managed surgically with one requiring nephroscopy for diagnosis, and one managed non-operatively. Brush biopsies of lesions with pyelographic characteristics of renal hemangioma should not be attempted without prior angiography.
Anesthetic-induced alteration in expression of myocardial calcium cycling proteins.

Objective : The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that anesthesia alone or in combination with high FIO2 alters expression of the myocardial calcium cycling proteins, sarcoplasmic endoreticular calcium adenosine triphosphatase subtype 2a (SERCA2a), and the sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX). Design : Multigroup comparison of protein expression using analysis of variance. Setting : University research laboratory. Subjects : Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits. Interventions : After sedation and the induction of anesthesia, animals underwent either tracheal intubation and ventilation for 5 hours with 1.0% end-tidal halothane in oxygen (HAL-O2, n = 5) or air (HAL-air, n = 5) or time-control recovery while spontaneously breathing oxygen (TC-O2, n = 5) or air (TC-air, n = 5) for 5 hours. Halothane dose was based on pilot data from 2 rabbits. Animals were then sacrificed, and the hearts were removed for Western blot analysis. Data were normalized to those from a group of rabbits immediately sacrificed (n = 5) without any prior treatment. Measurements and Main Results : In comparison to their respective time controls, SERCA2a was decreased 23 % in both HAL-air and HAL-O2 groups, whereas NCX was increased 34% and 122%, respectively. Expression was distinctly different between HAL-air and HAL-O2 for both SERCA2a (p = 0.009) and NCX (p Conclusion : Halothane alters the expression of myocardial calcium cycling proteins, and this effect is potentiated by high FIO2. These data offer the broad conclusion that perioperative interventions may influence the study of myocardial molecular remodeling and suggest the possibility of anesthetic-induced myocardial molecular remodeling.
Restoring redox balance enhances contractility in heart trabeculae from type 2 diabetic rats exposed to high glucose

Hearts from type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects are chronically subjected to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, both thought to contribute to oxidizing conditions and contractile dysfunction. How redox alterations and contractility interrelate, ultimately diminishing T2DM heart function, remains poorly understood. Herein we tested whether the fatty acid palmitate (Palm), in addition to its energetic contribution, rescues function by improving redox [glutathione (GSH), NAD(P)H, less oxidative stress] in T2DM rat heart trabeculae subjected to high glucose. Using cardiac trabeculae from Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, we assessed the impact of low glucose (EG) and high glucose (HG), in absence or presence of Palm or insulin, on force development, energetics, and redox responses. We found that in EG ZDF and lean trabeculae displayed similar contractile work, yield of contractile work (Ycw), representing the ratio of force time integral over rate of O2 consumption. Conversely, HG had a negative impact on Ycw, whereas Palm, but not insulin, completely prevented contractile loss. This effect was associated with higher GSH, less oxidative stress, and augmented matrix GSH/thioredoxin (Trx) in ZDF mitochondria. Restoration of myocardial redox with GSH ethyl ester also rescued ZDF contractile function in HG, independently from Palm. These results support the idea that maintained redox balance, via increased GSH and Trx antioxidant activities to resist oxidative stress, is an essential protective response of the diabetic heart to keep contractile function.
Deriving and comparing the distribution for the number of false positives in single step methods to control k-FWER

Abstract In a multiple testing setting, the investigator is faced with choosing a method for controlling the Type I error rate. In this manuscript, we derive and compare the exact distribution for the number of false positives under a commonly used distribution. The results from this work can be extended to derive the distribution of other error control quantities, while the conclusions from our simulations can be used to power future studies.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of antimony-based mid-infrared interband cascade photodetectors

Abstract The molecular beam epitaxial growth and optimization of antimony-based interband cascade photodetectors, on both GaSb and GaAs substrates, are presented. Material characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, are used to evaluate the epitaxial material quality. This work has led to the demonstration of mid-infrared photodetectors operational up to a record-high 450 K, and a dark current density as low as 1.10×10−7 A/cm2 at 150 K. The results also suggest that further improved material quality and device performance can be expected via optimization of growth parameters.
Turbulence in superfluid helium: Steady homogeneous counterflow

The fully developed turbulent state of a superfluid is considered in the simple limit of homogeneous counterflow. The vortex tangle is described in statistical terms which focus on the distribution of line length with respect to the local self-induced velocity ${v}_{l}$ of the line. The equation for the motion of a line element is found to contain driving terms arising from the interaction of the normal fluid with the line element, and randomizing terms arising from its self-induced motion. A geometrical argument indicates that a random tangle has a characteristic distance over which all local derivatives randomize. A dynamical argument suggests that line-line crossings lead to a characteristic randomization distance equal to the typical interline spacing $\ensuremath{\delta}$, and to a characteristic randomization time of order $\frac{\ensuremath{\delta}}{〈{v}_{l}〉}$. Setting the geometric randomization distance equal to $\ensuremath{\delta}$ then allows one to model the effect of the self-induced motion as a kind of random walk. The resulting complicated differential equation predicts steady-state properties in good agreement with those observed experimentally. It is also found that the well-known Vinen equation follows as an accurate consequence of the theory. The physical interpretation of this equation, however, turns out to be different from that which was originally proposed.
Lymphoid Enhancer-binding Factor-1 (LEF1) Interacts with the DNA-binding Domain of the Vitamin D Receptor

Ligand-independent actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are required for normal post-morphogenic hair cycles; however, the molecular mechanisms by which the VDR exerts these actions are not clear. Previous studies demonstrated impaired regulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in primary keratinocytes lacking the VDR. To identify the key effector of canonical Wnt signaling that interacts with the VDR, GST pulldown studies were performed. A novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1) that is independent of β-catenin was identified. This interaction is dependent upon sequences within the N-terminal region of the VDR, a domain required for VDR-DNA interactions and normal hair cycling in mice. Mutation of specific residues within the N-terminal region of the VDR not only abrogated interactions between the VDR and LEF1 but also impaired the ability of the VDR to enhance Wnt signaling in vdr−/− primary keratinocytes. Thus, this study demonstrates a novel interaction between the VDR and LEF1 that is mediated by the DNA-binding domain of the VDR and that is required for normal canonical Wnt signaling in keratinocytes.
Vesicle-to-cytosol transport of disulfide-linked cargo mediated by an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide.

The effect of linker stability on the intracellular localization and apoptotic activity of cytochrome c (Cyt c) conjugated to an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), model amphipathic peptide (MAP), was tested in HeLa cells. While conjugates linked with a stable thioether cross-linkage were only found in the vesicular compartment, a portion of the conjugate linked with a reducible disulfide bond was also detected in the cytosol. The apoptotic function of the reducible and non-reducible Cyt c-MAP conjugates was also evaluated quantitatively using the caspase 3 and annexin V/propidium iodide detection assays in the presence of a proteasome inhibitor used to inhibit cytosolic Cyt c degradation. Analysis for early phase apoptosis revealed that linker stability was important for biological activity. Only the reducible disulfide-linked Cyt c-MAP conjugate, and not free Cyt c or thioether-linked Cyt c-MAP, initiated apoptosis in proteasome-inhibited cells which correlated with the cytosolic localization p...
Morphology of PC/SAN blends: effect of reactive compatibilization, SAN concentration, processing, and viscosity ratio

This article examines the effects of dispersed phase concentration, processing apparatus, viscosity ratio, and interfacial compatibilization using an SAN–amine compatibilizer on the morphology of blends of bisphenol A–polycarbonate (PC) with styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers. For uncompatibilized blends, the dispersed phase particle size increased significantly with SAN concentration, and was found to exhibit a minimum at a viscosity ratio of approximately 0.35 for a fixed concentration of 30% SAN in the blend. Although the morphology of uncompatibilized PC/SAN blends mixed in a Brabender mixer, single- and twin-screw extruders were quite similar, the twin-screw extruder produced significantly finer morphologies in blends containing SAN–amine. The average particle size for blends compatibilized with the SAN–amine polymer was approximately half that of uncompatibilized blends and was relatively independent of viscosity ratio and dispersed phase composition. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 71–82, 1999
The role of family socioeconomic resources in the black-white test score gap among young children

Abstract This paper reviews evidence on the family origins of racial differences in young children’s test scores and considers how much of the gap is due to differences in the economic and demographic conditions in which black and white children grow up. Our review of the literature finds that the estimated size of the gaps varies considerably across studies. However, a surprisingly consistent result is that a collection of measures related to family socioeconomic resources appears to account for a little less than half a standard deviation of the black–white test score gap, regardless of the assessments used or the populations studied. We discuss the policy implications of these findings and suggest avenues for future research.
Using electrophoretic mobility and bead modeling to characterize the charge and secondary structure of peptides.

Using a modeling methodology developed in our laboratory previously, the free solution electrophoretic mobilities of several peptides are examined to see what they can tell us about: (i) the pKas of specific side groups, and (ii) possible secondary structure. Modeling is first applied to mobility versus pH data of several small peptides (Messana, I. et al., J. Chromatogr. B 1997, 699, 149) where the only adjustable parameter associated with the charge state of the peptide is the pKa of the C-terminal. In addition to examining this parameter, the question of possible secondary structure is addressed. For two of the peptides considered, GGNA and GGQA, it is possible to account for the observed mobilities using “random” models with little restriction on the allowed range of Phi–Psi angles. For GGRA and RPPGF, “compact” models (possibly involving an I-turn) must be used to match modeling mobilities with experiment. Finally, three more complicated peptides ranging in size from 15 to 20 amino acids are also examined and characterized (Sitaram, B. R. et al., J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 857, 263). Here also, we find evidence of I-turns or some other “compact” structure in two of the three peptides examined.
Analytical comparison between Nixon-Logvinenko's and Jung-Brown's theories of slow neurofilament transport in axons.

Abstract This paper develops analytical solutions describing slow neurofilament (NF) transport in axons. The obtained solutions are based on two theories of NF transport: Nixon–Logvinenko’s theory that postulates that most NFs are incorporated into a stationary cross-linked network and only a small pool is slowly transported and Jung–Brown’s theory that postulates a single dynamic pool of NFs that are transported according to the stop-and-go hypothesis. The simplest two-kinetic state version of the model developed by Jung and Brown was compared with the theory developed by Nixon and Logvinenko. The model for Nixon–Logvinenko’s theory included stationary, pausing, and running NF populations while the model used for Jung–Brown’s theory only included pausing and running NF populations. Distributions of NF concentrations resulting from Nixon–Logvinenko’s and Jung-Brown’s theories were compared. In previous publications, Brown and colleagues successfully incorporated slowing of NF transport into their model by assuming that some kinetic constants depend on the distance from the axon hillock. In this paper we defined the average rate of NF transport as the rate of motion of the center of mass of radiolabeled NFs. We have shown that for this definition, if all kinetic rates are assumed constant, Jung–Brown’s theory predicts a constant average rate of NF transport. We also demonstrated that Nixon–Logvinenko’s theory predicts slowing of NF transport even if all kinetic rates are assumed constant, and the obtained slowing agrees well with published experimental data.
Tourist Carrying Capacity Measures: Crowding Syndrome in the Caribbean

Abstract International tourism is increasing at an unprecedented rate. Understanding the variety of national and local impacts of this increase is of importance to a growing number of governments. Butler's resort cycle model (1974, 1980,; 1991) provides for several long-term possibilities as to the relationship between crowding and growth. McElroy, de Albuquerque, and Dioguardi (1993) focus on one of those possibilities. Specifically, using their penetration ratio, they predict that as tourist crowding continues for a group of Caribbean islands, the appeal of these islands decreases in the eyes of potential tourists and that, as time increases, the growth rate of the affected islands, actually decreases. Our article indicates that such a simple, straight-line relationship between increased crowding and a decrease in the rate of change may not be inevitable; indeed, diseconomies of scale may be avoided. The use of a curvilinear regression function reveals how both positive and negative scale economies exis...
Very low frequency breakdown strengths of electrical insulation materials at cryogenic temperatures

For long cables or equipment with large capacitance it is not always possible to conduct high voltage withstand tests at 60 Hz due to limitations in charging currents of the power supply. Very low frequency (typically at a frequency of 0.1 Hz) has been used for conventional cables as a way of getting around the charging current limitation. For superconducting grid applications the same issues apply. However there is very little data at cryogenic temperatures on how materials perform at low frequency compared to 60 Hz and whether higher voltages should be applied when performing a high voltage acceptability test. Various materials including G10 (fiberglass reinforced plastic or FRP), kapton (commonly used polyimide), polycarbonate, and polyetherimide, and in liquid nitrogen alone have been tested using a step method for frequencies of 60 Hz, 0.1 Hz, and dc. The dwell time at each step was chosen so that the voltage stress time would be the same in both the 60 Hz and 0.1 Hz tests. The data indicated that, while there is a small frequency dependence for liquid nitrogen, there are significant differences for the solid materials studied.
Optical computing techniques for image/video compression

The advantage of optics is its capability of providing highly parallel operations in a three-dimensional space. In this paper, we propose optical architectures to execute various image compression techniques. We optically implement the following compression techniques: transform coding, vector quantization, video coding. We show many generally used transform coding methods, for example, the cosine transform, can be implemented by a simple optical system. The transform coding can be carried out in constant time. Most of this paper is concerned with an innovative optical system for vector quantization using holographic associative matching. Limitations of conventional vector quantization schemes are caused by a large number of sequential searches through a large vector space. Holographic associative matching provided by multiple exposure holograms can offer advantageous techniques for vector-quantization-based compression schemes. Photorefractive crystals, which provide high-density recording in real time, are used as our holographic media. The reconstruction alphabet can be dynamically constructed through training or stored in the photorefractive crystal in advance. Encoding a new vector can be carried out by holographic associative matching in constant time. An extension to interframe coding using optical block matching methods is also discussed. >
"Why do they hate me so much?" A history of welfare and its abandonment in the United States.

Acceptance of the need for government-sponsored welfare programs has declined radically in the past 15 years. The history of welfare initiatives is traced, from their inception as a buffer to inherent inequities of a capitalist economy to their recent demonizing as corruptive influences on recipients of benefits. The political shifts that have permitted this change, along with its effects on the lives of poor people, particularly women, are discussed.
Discounted cost infinite time horizon cumulant control

Cumulants are gaining in popularity for use in stochastic control and game theory. They also have been effective in application to building and vibration control problems. Much of the work has been done for the finite time horizon case. In this paper, cost cumulants will be used on a discounted cost function. The control will be concerned with the first two cumulants, the mean and variance. The approach will initially be done for a nonlinear system with non-quadratic costs and sufficient conditions are determined. With the sufficient conditions in place, attention will be turned to the linear quadratic special case. A coupled Riccati equation will be seen to give an optimal cumulant control law.
Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Soy Protein Extracts Using Activated Carbon

Soy protein extracts were subjected to activated carbon and ion exchange process treatments to remove phenolic compounds that have been reported as being responsible for adverse color and flavor characteristics of soy protein products. Minimum equilibrium contact time, adsorption rate, and adsorption isotherm data were established for syringic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids. HPLC data confirmed that both activated carbon and ion exchange processes effectively removed phenolic compounds from soy protein isolates and improved their flavor and color. Activated carbon treatment re- sulted in soy protein isolates with superior overall odor and flavor, but no improvement in bitter and astringent flavor descriptions. Both activated carbon and ion exchange treated laboratory soy protein isolates exhibited lower color intensity values than those for conventional laboratory isolate, but higher than those of commercial soy protein isolates. Ion exchange processing was more effective than activated carbon for improving the color of soy protein isolates.
Adsorption and reaction on thin metal overlayers

These studies have addressed the adsorption of CO on very thin (submonolayer to multilayer) deposits of Cu, Ni, Pd, and Fe on single crystals of Ru and W, The kinetics of the methanation, ethane hydrogenolysis, and cyclohexane dehydrogenation reactions have also been measured over these model bimetallic catalysts. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) spectra of CO at submonolayer coverages reveal new desorption features which have significantly perturbed peak maxima from those observed on the bulk metals, indicating the unique character of these monolayer metallic films. This behavior has been correlated with LEED, ARUPS, work function, and kinetic measurements.
Structurable Algebras and Groups of Type E6 and E7

Abstract It is well known that every group of type F 4 is the automorphism group of an exceptional Jordan algebra, and that up to isogeny all groups of type 1 E 6 with trivial Tits algebras arise as the isometry groups of norm forms of such Jordan algebras. We describe a similar relationship between groups of type E 6 and groups of type E 7 and use it to give explicit descriptions of the homogeneous projective varieties associated to groups of type E 7 with trivial Tits algebras.
Thin-film recording media on flexible substrates for tape applications

Co-based alloys were investigated as candidates for sputtered thin-film magnetic tape media. Magnetic media on polymeric substrates having acceptable magnetic properties were obtained by applying NiAl/CrMn underlayers prior to CoCrPt deposition with a nonmagnetic CoCrTa intermediate layer. Typical sputtered tape media deposited on traditional polymeric substrates at room temperature revealed sideband modulation noise and large intergranular exchange coupling. A substantial improvement in surface roughness by utilizing smooth polymeric substrates eliminated this modulation noise and accounted for the signal dependent broad-band noise power. This suggests that transition noise is a dominant component of medium noise in sputtered tape media. Additionally, substrate bias is shown to be effective in producing grain decoupling that is necessary for good signal-to-noise ratio.
A Method for Measuring the Adhesion Strength of Marine Mussels

Marine mussels produce a byssal adhesive assembly for attachment to surfaces in the marine environment. The byssus is characterized by an array of adhesive plaques, each attached to threads that are anchored inside the animal. Here we describe a rapid method for determining detachment force, area, and overall adhesion of mussel plaques. Adhesion forces for mussels attached to glass, aluminum, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Silastic® T2 are reported. This method may aid in the development of new adhesive materials and antifouling surfaces.
Semi-global intrinsic kinetics for char combustion modeling†

This paper addresses the form of simple rate laws used to describe intrinsic char oxidation within practical combustion and gasification codes. The modern literature is surveyed for near-atmospheric kinetic studies that report global reaction order and/or activation energy. The resulting data set together with mechanistic insights drawn from fundamental surface studies are used to assess various semi-global kinetic models. There is strong evidence in the accumulated data for high reaction order (0.6–1) below 900 K, much weaker but significant evidence for low order above 1200 K, and some suggestion of transition toward another high-order regime at temperatures above about 1600 K. Neither global power-law kinetics nor semi-global Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics can describe this temperature-dependent behavior. A three-step semi-global mechanism is proposed whose simple rate law describes the major trends in reaction order, activation energy, and CO/CO2 ratio from 600 to 2000 K. The three-step model includes reaction between gaseous oxygen and surface complex, C(O), which is key to describing the high reaction orders widely reported in the low temperature Zone I regime.
Text-To-Speech for Languages without an Orthography

Speech synthesis models are typically built from a corpus of speech that has accurate transcriptions. However, many of the languages of the world do not have a standardized writing system. This paper is an initial attempt at building synthetic voices for such languages. It may seem useless to develop a text-to-speech system when there is no text available. But we will discuss some well defined use cases where we need these models. We will present our method to build synthetic voices from only speech data. We will present experimental results and oracle studies that show that we can automatically devise an artificial writing system for these languages, and build synthetic voices that are understandable and usable. TITLE AND ABSTRACT IN MARATHI अरपती नसला भाषासाठी वाणी सषण विनमत वााया काषापासन वाणी सलषणाची सगणकय ितप बनवयासाठ या काषाची अचक लखत ितलपी उपलध असावी लागत. जगातील अनक भाषा मा मानाकत अरपती वापरत नाहीत. तत काम ह अशा भाषासाठ सलषत अावाज बनवयाचा एक पहला यास अाह. मळात अरपतीच नसताना या भाषया लखत पाठ ाच वाणी सलषण करयाच त ह यथ वाट शकत. पण तत लखात अाही या सलषण णालच काही मख उपयाग सचवीत अाहात. कवळ विनमत वााचा काष वापन सलषत अावाज बनवयाची अामची पत या लखात अापण पा. अाही कलल याग व वषण अस दशवतात क अापण एखाद अरपती अापाअाप शाध शकता, जचा वापर कन कलल वाणी सलषण सगम व वापरयाजाग असत.
An exploration of collegiate outdoor recreation professionals' personality traits and job task affect

The present study investigated the Big Five personality traits of 94 collegiate outdoor recreation (COR) professionals employed within a campus recreation setting and examined those in relation to ...
Effects of Employment Gaps on the Career of M.B.A.'s: More Damaging for Men Than for Women?

This study investigated the impact of employment gaps on two dimensions of managerial careers: income and satisfaction. As was hypothesized, the results from a survey of M.B.A. degree holders revea...
AN ONLINE FAULT DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE FRAMEWORK FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS

Abstract In this article we propose an online fault detection and avoidance framework for distributed multi-agent systems. The main premise of our work follows the recent notions in autonomic and recovery oriented computing - not all faults can be determined and removed at the time of system design and testing. Thus some level of intelligence must be embedded into each agent's controller to ensure higher degree of system dependability. We assume that faults will eventually translate into a time-out condition in one or more agents. The proposed paradigm is illustrated for the case of unknown deadlock conditions in manufacturing applications.
The Modified Petrie Block Task

The frequency distribution of scores and response patterns reported in this article are similar to those obtained in Petrie's original study and further support the efficacy of the Penn-Stafford sh...
Witnesses to History

AbstractPrevious notions about gender and sex are being challenged throughout all levels of society. Difficult questions of sexual power are publically entwined with equally sensitive questions of sexual morality. Museums have a role to play in informing the public about new developments in this area, providing high-quality research-based information, correcting widespread misinformation, and helping to counter prejudices.
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: mutations in different proteins result in similar disease.

The neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL) are the most common group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases in children, with an incidence as high as one in 12,500 live births. The main features of this disease are failure of psychomotor development, impaired vision, seizures, and premature death. Many biochemical and physiological studies have been initiated to determine the cellular defect underlying the disease, although only a few traits have been truly associated with the disorders. One of the paradox’s of the NCL-diseases is the characteristic accumulation of autofluorescent hydrophobic material in the lysosomes of neurons and other cell types. However, the accumulation of this lysosomal storage material, which no doubt contributes to the neurologic disease, does not apparently lead to disease outside the CNS, and how these cellular alterations relate to the neurodegeneration in NCLs is unknown. Mutations have been identified in six distinct genes/proteins, namely CLN1, which encodes PPT1, a protein thiolesterase; CLN2, which encodes TPP1, a serine protease; and CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN8, which encode novel transmembrane proteins. Mutation in any one of these CLN-proteins results in a distinct type of NCL-disease. However, there are many shared similarities in the pathology of these diseases. The most obvious connection between PPT1, TPP1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN8 is their subcellular localization. To date, three of the four proteins whose subcellular localization has been confirmed, namely PPT1, TPP1, and CLN3, reside in the lysosome. We review the function of the CLN-proteins and discuss the possibility that a disruption in a common biological process leads to an NCL-disease.
Trends In News Media Coverage Of Mental Illness In The United States: 1995–2014

The United States is engaged in ongoing dialogue around mental illness. To assess trends in this national discourse, we studied the volume and content of a random sample of 400 news stories about mental illness from the period 1995–2014. Compared to news stories in the first decade of the study period, those in the second decade were more likely to mention mass shootings by people with mental illnesses. The most frequently mentioned topic across the study period was violence (55 percent overall) divided into categories of interpersonal violence or self-directed (suicide) violence, followed by stories about any type of treatment for mental illness (47 percent). Fewer news stories, only 14 percent, described successful treatment for or recovery from mental illness. The news media’s continued emphasis on interpersonal violence is highly disproportionate to actual rates of violence among those with mental illnesses. Research suggests that this focus may exacerbate social stigma and decrease support for public...
Classic Spotlight: Cellular Sites of Peptidoglycan Synthesis Revealed

The views expressed in this Editorial do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM. The peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus of bacteria is a giant cell-shaped molecule that forms a fine meshed enclosure around the cytoplasmic membrane (CM). It consists of glycan strands that are cross-
Camera Constructs: Photography, Architecture and the Modern City: Andrew Higgott and Timothy Wray (eds)

(2013). Camera Constructs: Photography, Architecture and the Modern City: Andrew Higgott and Timothy Wray (eds) Photography and Culture: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 375-378.
The Oil Crisis

Ambassador Wiley expected early Majlis approval of the supplementary oil agreement after its signing in July 1949, but public opinion turned against it, and during the months to January 1951 the contract did not come to a vote, for opposition seemed almost unanimous. The oil issue contributed to the fall of Ali Mansur in June 1950; he was unable to bring the supplementary agreement to a vote. His successor, Razmara, anxious to introduce reforms and strengthen control in the country, left the agreement in the hands of the special Majlis oil committee that Mansur had set up. Razmara beheld the agreement as a child abandoned on his doorstep and refused responsibility. Despite repeated committee requests for documents giving details of the negotiations, the government dragged its feet, and not until late October 1950 — four months after taking office — did Razmara inform the committee of his support for the agreement.1
Simultaneous Reduction of Metal Ions by Multiple Reducing Agents Initiates the Asymmetric Growth of Metallic Nanocrystals

Thermodynamically unfavorable metallic nanocrystals can be prepared only by the growth of the nanocrystals under kinetically controlled experimental conditions. The common technique to drive the growth of metallic nanocrystals under kinetic control is to adjust the rate of the generation of metal atoms to be slower than the rate of deposition of such atoms onto the surface of nanocrystal nuclei, which form in the first step of the nanoparticle synthesis. The kinetically controlled growth leads to the formation of seeds with crystal defects, which are needed for the growth of anisotropic nanocrystals such as silver nanodisks (AgNDs). The simultaneous multiple asymmetric reduction technique (SMART) is introduced here to successfully prepare AgNDs of controllable sizes and on a large scale within a few seconds. The SMART is simply based on the simultaneous reduction of silver ions with a strong reducing agent such as borohydride (redox potential of 1.24 V) and a weak reducing agent such as l-ascorbic acid (r...
Shigley Hauler— A competitive project illustrating basic machine design principles:

Author(s): Farouki, RT; Linke, BS | Abstract: By requiring students to meet demanding functional specifications using limited resources, the competitive Shigley Hauler project offers undergraduate students practical "hands-on" experience in the design, fabrication, and testing of mechanical systems. The project imparts a thorough experiential understanding of the key principles that govern the selection and integration of basic machinery components - gears, shafts, bearings, DC motors, etc. - into a robust and efficient working system. The Shigley Hauler project has been successfully incorporated into the mechanical engineering curriculum at UC Davis for more than a decade, and its pedagogical and motivational value is corroborated by student feedback. The project is run within a 10-week timeframe, and entails only modest costs for the instructor and student teams.
Polymer/ceramic co-continuous nanofiber membranes via room-curable organopolysilazane for improved lithium-ion battery performance

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and ambient temperature-curable organopolysilazane were combined to successfully fabricate PAN/polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) hybrid nanofiber separator using a single-step electrospinning process. The amount of added precursor was varied from 10 to 30% to characterize the effects of various loadings on the mechanical, thermal properties, and electrochemical performance on the hybrid membranes. TEM images reveal that all composite fibers have a thin (~5 nm) ceramic-rich sheath layer surrounding each fiber. In addition, there is also ceramic present inside the fiber with the ceramic forming continuous network within the nanofiber at high concentrations. The interconnected ceramic network within the fiber disrupts the polymers ability to properly crystallize, leading to an increase in amorphous regions with an increase in ceramic inclusion. The presence of the ceramic on the surface of the membrane in addition to the increased amorphous regions leads to excellent ionic conductivity and cycling performance. The 30 wt% PDC sample has an ionic conductivity of 1.05 mS cm−1 compared to 0.29 mS cm−1 of pristine PAN separator. All separators with additional PDC content showed increased initial capacity and capacity retention at 0.2C charging and discharging rate, with the 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 wt% of PAN:PDC showing 89, 90 and 93% capacity retention of graphite/LiCoO2 full cells over 100 cycles, respectively. In rate capability testing, PAN/PDC fibers demonstrated increased capacity retention even at increased charge rates. The results suggest that the increased ionic conductivity and wetting behavior by both the ceramics within the membrane and on the surface of the membrane are more correlated to an increase in capacity retention and rate capability than the porosity.
The use of microcalorimetry to measure thermodynamic parameters of the binding of ligands to insulin.

Flow microcalorimetry was used to measure the free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of interactions between the hormone insulin and small ligand molecules or ions. Measurable amounts of heat were obtained for binding of four phenolic preservative molecules—phenol, meta-cresol, resorcinol, and methylparaben—to both two-zinc and zinc-free insulin and for binding of zinc ions to zinc-free insulin. All of the reactions were spontaneous, but the phenolic binding was driven by enthalpy, while that of zinc was entropy-driven. A combination of van der Waals interactions, hydrophobic effects, and protein conformational changes appeared to be involved in binding of the phenolic ligands. Zinc ions displayed two types of binding to insulin, both involving ion–dipole interactions.