cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurately approximating superscalar processor performance from traces

Trace-driven simulation of superscalar processors is particularly complicated. The dynamic nature of superscalar processors combined with the static nature of traces can lead to large inaccuracies in the results, especially when traces contain only a subset of executed instructions for trace reduction. The main problem in the filtered trace simulation is that the trace does not contain enough information with which one can predict the actual penalty of a cache miss. In this paper, we discuss and evaluate three strategies to quantify the impact of a long latency memory access in a superscalar processor when traces have only L1 cache misses. The strategies are based on models about how a cache miss is treated with respect to other cache misses: (1) isolated cache miss model, (2) independent cache miss model, and (3) pairwise dependent cache miss model. Our experimental results demonstrate that the pairwise dependent cache miss model produces reasonably accurate results (4.8% RMS error) under perfect branch prediction. Our work forms a basis for fast, accurate, and configurable multicore processor simulation using a pre-determined processor core design.
Nonexperts’ Recognition of Structure in Personal Network Data

Network-based interventions are gaining prominence in the treatment of chronic illnesses; however, little is known about what aspects of network structure are easily identified by non-experts when shown network visualizations. This study examines which structural features are recognizable by non-experts. Nineteen non-experts were asked to pile-sort 68 network diagrams. Results were analyzed using multidimensional scaling, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, and PROFIT analysis. Participants tended to sort networks along the dimensions of isolates and size of largest component, suggesting that interventions aimed at helping individuals understand and change their social environments could benefit from incorporating visualizations of social networks.
Inhibitory interconnections control burst pattern and emergent network synchrony in reticular thalamus.

Inhibitory connections between neurons of the thalamic reticular (RE) nucleus are thought to help prevent spike-wave discharge (SWD), characteristic of generalized absence epilepsy, in thalamic and thalamocortical circuits. Indeed, oscillations in thalamic slices resemble SWD when intra-RE inhibition is blocked and are suppressed when intra-RE inhibition is enhanced. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying these network changes, we recorded from RE cells during oscillations in thalamic slices and either blocked intra-RE inhibition with picrotoxin or enhanced it with clonazepam. We found that intra-RE inhibition limits the number and synchrony, but not the duration, of RE cell bursts. We then performed simulations that demonstrate how inhibition can shift network activity into a desynchronized mode simply by vetoing occasional RE cell bursts. In contrast, when intra-RE inhibition is blocked, RE cells burst synchronously, enabling even short RE cell bursts to promote epileptogenesis in two ways: first, by activating GABAB receptors, and second, through the GABAB receptor-independent emergence of network synchrony.
Use of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts to Treat Uncontrollable Intracranial Hypertension in Patients Who Have Cryptococcal Meningitis without Hydrocephalus

Between 1997 and 2000, 4 human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients in our institution had cryptococcal meningitis with uncontrollable intracranial hypertension. All 4 patients were treated with antifungal drugs as well as ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts for intracranial hypertension. Neurological deficits that were unresponsive to pharmacologic treatment were resolved by use of the VP shunt. Uncontrollable elevation of intracranial pressure associated with cryptococcal meningitis can be resolved by use of a VP shunt, even when imaging studies do not reveal hydrocephalus.
A pragmatic value-of-information approach for intruder tracking sensor networks

Sensor networks are distributed systems where nodes embedded in the environment collect readings through their sensors and transmit data to customers. The overall goal of these systems can be stated as maximizing a metric of the sensing quality while limiting the consumption of a set of scarce resources. In this paper we consider an intruder detection and tracking system where the sensing quality is a metric of the pragmatic value of the information provided by the network. This metric depends not only on the quantity and accuracy of information, but also on when and how the customers will use this information. We design a system which adapts its information transmission to the disruptive decisions made by the user, including a consideration for the cost of incorrect decisions.
Autofluorescent Proteins with Excitation in the Optical Window for Intravital Imaging in Mammals

Fluorescent proteins have become valuable tools for biomedical research as protein tags, reporters of gene expression, biosensor components, and cell lineage tracers. However, applications of fluorescent proteins for deep tissue imaging in whole mammals have been constrained by the opacity of tissues to excitation light below 600 nm, because of absorbance by hemoglobin. Fluorescent proteins that excite efficiently in the "optical window" above 600 nm are therefore highly desirable. We report here the evolution of far-red fluorescent proteins with peak excitation at 600 nm or above. The brightest one of these, Neptune, performs well in imaging deep tissues in living mice. The crystal structure of Neptune reveals a novel mechanism for red-shifting involving the acquisition of a new hydrogen bond with the acylimine region of the chromophore.
Preliminary results of four VACM-VMCM DYADS in the upper ocean of the equatorial pacific

Measurements from a Savonius rotor and vane vector-averaging current meter (VACM) and dual orthogonal propeller vector-measuring current meter (VMCM) placed 1 m apart beneath a surface-following buoy moored on the Pacific equator for 6-month intervals are described. Experiments at 13, 98, 120 and 160 m depths were completed in light ( \approx 5 m s-1, small (1-2 m) surface wave heights, strong currents (>100 cm s-1) and very large current shears (0.02 s-1). Excellent coherence was found between each VACM-VMCM doublet's data. The most striking feature of these intercomparison tests was that the VACM and VMCM observations were virtually identical, especially below the near-surface layer.
Selection requirements during verb generation: differential recruitment in older and younger adults

Age-related differences in cognitive performance are well documented. These differences are most pronounced during tasks with high demands on cognitive control, and it has been proposed that selective alteration of prefrontal activity is associated with cognitive changes in old age. Here, differences in the neural systems underlying selection requirements for older and younger adults were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A verb generation task was used, and selection requirements were varied with regard to whether each noun could be associated with either few (scissors—cut) or many (ball—bounce, kick, throw…) competing alternatives. The two age groups showed statistically equivalent behavioral performance across the task conditions but marked differences in activation. Across both age groups, high selection demands activated several regions including bilateral frontal, left anterior frontal, left inferior temporal regions, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Between-group comparisons using region-of-interest analyses revealed less activation for senior adults in left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left inferior temporal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate and higher activation in right inferior frontal gyrus compared to young adults. These findings indicate age-related changes in multiple regions contributing to aspects of selection requirements during verb generation.
Concurrent subsystem uncertainty analysis in multidisciplinary design

A modified concurrent subsystem uncertainty analysis (MCSSUA) method for uncertainty analysis in multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is presented in this paper a . Given the probabilistic representations of uncertain parameters and model error estimations, the method quickly evaluates the mean and the variance of a system output so as to improve the computational efficiency of probabilistic optimization such as robust design in the MDO environment. The MCSSUA method is an improved version of the original concurrent subsystem uncertainty analysis (CSSUA) method. The method utilizes the strategy of concurrent subsystem analysis to obtain the mean values of the linking variables via suboptimization. The approximation of a system output is generated at the mean values of input parameters and the mean and variance of the system output are derived. The MCSSUA method is more efficient than the original CSSUA method as the number of design variables in suboptimizations is reduced by half. It is more accurate because no assumption of independence among linking variables is required. A comparison of system uncertainty analysis (SUA) method, the CSSUA method, and the modified CSSUA method is made in the context of highly coupled analyses and multidisciplinary robust design. Two MDO examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed method.
The Grenvilles' Eminence Grise : The Reverend Charles O'Conor and the Latter Days of Anglo-Gallicanism

The nadir of the Tridentine papacy occupied those years which spanned the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773 and the imprisonment of Pius VII by Napoleon from 1809 to 1814. The suspension of the Church's most distinguished organ of Ultramontane sentiment alleviated the further spread of Febronian or Josephist principles throughout the Netherlands and the German and even Italian sections of the Empire. Yet, Pius VI's concern with the Punctuation of Ems or the Synod of Pistoia paled in comparison with the challenge to spiritual and temporal papal authority contained in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and other doctrines and consequences of the French Revolution.
Substrates and epitaxial deposition processes for Group III-nitride thin films and power device heterostructures

The methodologies, results, and status of investigations for the development of solvothermal, vapor-phase transport, and solution techniques for bulk crystal growth of large diameter GaN and AlN crystals are presented. This work is being driven by (1) the anticipated need for the initial homoepitaxy of ever-thicker GaN films having very low densities of both threading dislocations and unintentionally introduced, electronically important impurities for devices operating at high and very high load levels; (2) the desire to move from lateral to vertical device structures; and (3) recent results of near theoretical breakdown behavior and near system-level performance in vertical GaN diodes grown on GaN substrates. The choice of the substrate dictates the technique and process routes for the growth of Group III-nitride-based thin films and material device structures. Organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy is the commercial process route of choice for the growth of Group III-nitride films. A review of the precursor gases used in this technique, their stability in the growth reactor and reactivity with nitrogen-containing gases, and the choice of diluent for the growth of films of different nitrides is also presented.
Caering About the Credit for Prior Transfers

The author discusses Le Caer, in which the Tax Court analyzed and rejected the taxpayers' proposed computations for the credit for tax on prior transfers under section 2013.
An intravaginal contraceptive device for the delivery of an acrosin and hyaluronidase inhibitor

A study was begun to develop a contraceptive delivery system that would free the user from precoital or daily administration and utilize a nonhormonal agent as the active ingredient. Testing of such a system in rabbits has led to the development of a device that will release a controlled level of an acrosin and hyaluronidase inhibitor into the vagina. This toroidal device is composed of a core of tetradecyl sodium sulfate (TDSS) incorporated in polyurethane surrounded by a rate-limiting membrane of polyurethane. Such devices had a sustained in vitro TDSS release rate of ≥ 400 μg/day for over 30 days. These devices had a complete contraceptive effect in 15 rabbits bred weekly for 4 weeks. The contraceptive effect is due to release of the TDSS into the vagina and the subsequent binding of the TDSS to spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract. TDSS has a very low toxicity profile in the rat, dog, and rabbit.
Are there differences in gender, race, and age regarding body dissatisfaction?

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine any differences that may exist among demographic variables such as gender, age, and race in regard to internalization of society and media messages leading to body dissatisfaction that may lead to disordered eating behaviors such as preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint. A total of 324 participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire for women, the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-Revised-Male-Version for men, and Rotter’s Internal-External (I-E) Locus of Control Scale. The results of this study found, as predicted, that Caucasians reported higher internalization, higher body dissatisfaction, and higher preoccupation with weight, dieting, and eating restraint than African Americans. This study showed no differences regarding men’s and women’s internalization or body dissatisfaction but did revea...
Site-Selective Oxidation of Vitamin B12 Using 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid

Reaction of vitamin B12 (B12) with excess 2-iodoxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxypyridine leads to selective oxidation of the 5′-hydroxyl group of the ribose tail of B12 in a 30% isolated yield. The acid derivative was purified in one step by HPLC chroma­tography and characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 2D (HSQC and HMBC) NMR. The new carboxylic acid derivative is perfectly suited to make stable amide-based B12 bioconjugates.
Nanomechanics of phospholipid bilayer failure under strip biaxial stretching using molecular dynamics

The current study presents a nanoscale in silico investigation of strain rate dependency of membrane (phospholipid bilayer) failure when placed under strip biaxial tension with two planar areas. The nanoscale simulations were conducted in the context of a multiscale modelling framework in which the macroscale damage (pore volume fraction) progression is delineated into pore nucleation (number density of pores), pore growth (size of pores), and pore coalescence (inverse of nearest neighbor distance) mechanisms. As such, the number density, area fraction, and nearest neighbor distances were quantified in association with the stress–strain behavior. Deformations of a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayer were performed using molecular dynamics to simulate mechanoporation of a neuronal cell membrane due to injury, which in turn can result in long-term detrimental effects that could ultimately lead to cell death. Structures with 72 and 144 phospholipids were subjected to strip biaxial tensile deformations at multiple strain rates. Formation of a water bridge through the phospholipid bilayer was the metric to indicate structural failure. Both the larger and smaller bilayers had similar behavior regarding pore nucleation and the strain rate effect on pore growth post water penetration. The applied strain rates, planar area, and cross-sectional area had no effect on the von Mises strains at which pores greater than 0.1 nm2 were detected (0.509 ± 7.8%) or the von Mises strain at failure (e failure = 0.68 ± 4.8%). Additionally, changes in bilayer planar and cross-sectional areas did not affect the stress response. However, as the strain rate increased from 2.0 × 108 s−1 to 1.0 × 109 s−1, the yield stress increased from 26.5 MPa to 66.7 MPa and the yield strain increased from 0.056 to 0.226.
ANALYSIS ON DATA OF HBV INFECTION FROM 2005 TO 2007

Objective To grasp the circumstances of HBV infection in the practitioners and managing medical certificates in Jining city.Methods Analyzed on the data of practitioners'physical check-up.Results Total number of check up people was 24 933,the HBsAg positive rate was 1.50% and it was below the countrywide average level.There were 34 persons whose HBsAg positivetite was lower than 1:128.Conclusion We should strengthen the sanitation surveillance and the practitioners are given the jobs after getting the medical certificates.
Time limit of normothermic ischemia in canine heart transplantation from non-heart-beating donors

Objectives To study the time limit of normothermic ischemia of non heart beating donors(NHBDs) hearts from hypoxic cardiac arrest and without donors pretreatment which could transplant successfully. Methods Thirty adult dogs were divided into control group,normothermic ischemia 16 min group and normothermic ischemia 18 min group(n=10 for each group,including 5 for donors and 5 for recipients,respectively). In control group, cardiac arrest was induced by HTK solution(0℃,500 ml) perfusion,canine heart was storied for 2 h with HTK solution at 4℃;in 16 min group, normothermic ischemia 16 min in situ after hypoxic cardiac arrest,canine hearts was perfused and storied for 2 h with HTK solution at 4℃;in 18 min group, normothermic ischemia 18 min in situ after hypoxic cardiac arrest,canine hearts was perfused and storied at 4℃ for 2 h with HTK solution. Then orthotopical transplantation was performed. Hemodynamic changes,enzyme activities,and heart weight were examined. Results Control group and normothermic ischemia 16 min group could wean from cardiopulmonary bypass successfully;In normothermic ischemia 18 min group,only 2/5 could wean from cardiopulmonary bypass,LVEDP ascends and -dp/dtmax descends obviously,there are statistical variance(P0.05) compared with control group,enzyme,heart weight and ultrastructure get worse compared with other two groups. Conclusions NHBDs heart of normothermic ischemia 16 min in situ after hypoxic cardiac arrest could transplante successfully.
Issues in the measurement of cognitive and metacognitive regulatory processes used during hypermedia learning

The goal of this paper is to present four key assumptions regarding the measurement of cognitive and metacognitive regulatory processes used during learning with hypermedia. First, we assume it is possible to detect, trace, model, and foster SRL processes during learning with hypermedia. Second, understanding the complex nature of the regulatory processes during learning with hypermedia is critical in determining why certain processes are used throughout a learning task. Third, it is assumed that the use of SRL processes can dynamically change over time and that they are cyclical in nature (influenced by internal and external conditions and feedback mechanisms). Fourth, capturing, identifying, and classifying SRL processes used during learning with hypermedia is a rather challenging task.
Raw shellfish consumption in California: the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey.

We used the 1992 California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to study the prevalence of raw shellfish consumption in California and the demographic and behavioral characteristics of raw shellfish consumers. We used the logistic regression analysis of the weighted survey data with PC SAS and SUDAAN to adjust for the effects of age and gender. Twenty-three percent of the respondents in the survey reported that they ate raw shellfish; one third of these reported eating raw shellfish once a month. Higher prevalences of raw shellfish consumption were reported by men, persons 18–49 years old, those with income above $25,000 and education beyond high school than by women, individuals older than 49 years, and those with an income of $25,000 or less per year and 12 or fewer years of school. A higher percentage of persons with liver disease, stomach surgery, and a history of chronic alcohol drinking reported consumption of raw shellfish than did individuals without liver disease, previous stomach surgery, or a history of alcohol abuse. After adjustment for gender and age, those who reported acute (P
Assessment of Perioperative Variables That Predict the Need for Surgical Drains Following Robotic Partial Nephrectomy Utilizing Quantitative Drain Creatinine Analysis

Abstract Objective: To utilize body fluid creatinine analysis to determine which patients will require a surgical drain following robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty consecutive RAPN performed by a single surgeon were reviewed. Postoperative day (POD) 1 drain creatinine was compared to serum creatinine to calculate the drain to serum creatinine ratio (D/S ratio). Elevated D/S ratio was defined as any value >1.2. Results: From February 2008 to April 2015, 140 patients underwent RAPN and had a drain placed (124 had D/S ratio available on POD 1). In the 103 patients with a D/S ratio of 1.2, the mean tumor size was 3.0 and 3.9 cm (P = .001) and mean RENAL score was 7.6 and 8.1 (P = .270), respectively. Collecting system entry occurred in 68.2% of patients with a D/S ratio of 1.2. Mean drain time was 2.4 and 4.2 days (P = .001), hospital stay was 2.7 and 3.3 days (P = .036) for t...
Clinical applications of liquid biopsies in gastrointestinal oncology.

“Liquid biopsies” are blood based assays used to detect and analyze circulating tumor products, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating messenger RNA (mRNA), circulating microRNA (miRNA), circulating exosomes, and tumor educated platelets (TEP). For patients with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, blood based biopsies may offer several advantages. First, tumor tissue samples are often challenging to procure, and when obtainable, are often insufficient for genomic profiling. Second, blood based assays offer a real-time overview of the entire tumor burden, and allow anatomically unbiased genomic profiling. Third, given the convenience and relative safety of liquid biopsies, this technology may facilitate identification of genomic alterations that confer sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapeutics. This review will assess the clinical applications of circulating tumor products for patients with GI tumors.
Utility of testing sperm DNA fragmentation: an all-in-one diagnostic tool to address a multi-pronged clinical problem.

In a comprehensive clinical overview, Agarwal et al. (1) nicely put in perspective (I) various laboratory techniques used for testing sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), a commonly encountered aberration in the sub-fertile/infertile male, (II) underscore the importance of careful assessment of this parameter in the context of several clinical scenarios of reproductive failure, and (III) recommend the utility of these techniques in identifying the underlying cause with emphasis on its particular relevance to clinical varicoceles in men.
Framing a new reality: documenting genocide in District 9

ABSTRACTIn his 2009 film District 9, Neill Blomkamp employs a handheld camera to create the effect of an embedded documentary film, which ostensibly is devoted to an objective treatment of the escalating tensions between a stranded alien race – known only (and derogatorily) as the ‘Prawns’ – and the increasingly agitated citizens of Johannesburg. Mobilizing the self-critical perspective afforded him by this mise en abyme, Blomkamp demonstrates the extent to which the presumption of objectivity allows the documentary filmmaker to frame the new reality to which a reluctant populace gradually accustoms itself. As depicted in the embedded documentary, the new reality is that human–Prawn relations have been damaged beyond repair. As such, the proposed relocation of the Prawns, which initially may have been utterly unthinkable to most residents of Johannesburg, rounds into view as the best and most reasonable option for all involved. According to Blomkamp, that is, the anonymous documentarians not only report t...
Taking Adaptive Management Seriously: A Case Study of the Endangered Species Act

Two emerging themes of regulatory reform have been building over the past decade to challenge settled practices in natural resources law and policy. One is eco-pragmatism, which fuses ecosystem-level conceptions of natural resource problems with pragmatic approaches to their resolution. Eco-pragmatism demands hard regulatory positions where they are most suitable and balancing approaches where they work best, often striving for an amalgam of many such instruments working together. A companion theme is adaptive management, which calls for more experimentalism in regulatory implementation. Under adaptive management, regulators use models of natural resource systems to develop performance measurements and initial policy choices, but they build into the regulatory implementation framework a process for continuous monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment of decisions and practices. These two themes often go hand-in-hand under the umbrella of
A Mechanism-Based Approach to Physical Therapist Management of Pain

Pain reduction is a primary goal of physical therapy for patients who present with acute or persistent pain conditions. The purpose of this review is to describe a mechanism-based approach to physical therapy pain management. It is increasingly clear that patients need to be evaluated for changes in peripheral tissues and nociceptors, neuropathic pain signs and symptoms, reduced central inhibition and enhanced central excitability, psychosocial factors, and alterations of the movement system. In this Perspective, 5 categories of pain mechanisms (nociceptive, central, neuropathic, psychosocial, and movement system) are defined, and principles on how to evaluate signs and symptoms for each mechanism are provided. In addition, the underlying mechanisms targeted by common physical therapist treatments and how they affect each of the 5 categories are described. Several different mechanisms can simultaneously contribute to a patient's pain; alternatively, 1 or 2 primary mechanisms may cause a patient's pain. Further, within a single pain mechanism, there are likely many possible subgroups. For example, reduced central inhibition does not necessarily correlate with enhanced central excitability. To individualize care, common physical therapist interventions, such as education, exercise, manual therapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, can be used to target specific pain mechanisms. Although the evidence elucidating these pain mechanisms will continue to evolve, the approach outlined here provides a conceptual framework for applying new knowledge as advances are made.
Correction to: Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in Ischemic Heart Disease

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in the abbreviations and body of the text. The Authors had correctly pointed out these errors at the proof stage but were regretfully not implemented at the production level.
Safe Routes to School (SRTS)

Abstract Safe Routes to School (SRTS) programmes consist of a suite of coordinated efforts designed to create safe, convenient and fun opportunities for children to bicycle and walk to and from their schools. SRTS programmes target individual school-based communities with activities that fall under the 6 Es of evaluation, engineering, encouragement, education, enforcement and equity. Since SRTS was conceived in Denmark in the 1970s, it has proliferated across the globe with various levels of formalization through government programmes. Evidence shows that in the US context at least, SRTS programs result in increased rates of active school travel and reduced incidence of traffic-related injuries for the school trip. Challenges remain in understanding what activities and under what conditions SRTS are most successful, as well as how to make SRTS funding easily available to communities in need of the programme, especially for low-income communities and developing countries.
Sound retrieval with intuitive verbal expressions

A sound retrieval method described in this paper enables users to easily obtain their desired sound. A sound representation experiment was conducted to study how people represent the sounds. Almost all representations were made with verbal descriptions that could be classified into "description of sound itself", "description of sounding situation" and "description of sound impression". The retrieval method, which adopts three keyword types, onomatopoeia, sound source, and adjective, was proposed based on the experimental results. The sound retrieval system's efficiency was discussed based on the subjective evaluation. Users can select a convenient retrieval method and adapt it to their idea of retrieval.
For-Profit Managed Care in the USA

It must be assumed that the cost of health care is potentially infinite, since everyone would like to live forever. No country pays for immortality and some compromises are inevitable.
Constructing a Canon of Law-Related Poetry: Reviewing David Kader & Michael Stanford, Eds., 'Poetry of the Law: From Chaucer to the Present' (2010)

Law and poetry make a potent, if surprising, pair. Poetry thrives on simultaneity and open-endedness, while legal writing aspires to resolve issues decisively, whether it advocates or adjudges. The law and literature movement has traditionally focused either on law as literature, applying literary theory and techniques to legal texts such as judicial opinions and legislation, or law in literature, i.e., law as portrayed in literary and artistic works. Poetry and poetics have garnered relatively little attention under either approach. While some scholars blame that omission on a supposed dearth of law-related poetry, the poems collected in Kader and Stanford's "Poetry of the law: From Chaucer to the Present" (2010) belie that claim. This essay considers the place of poetry in legal studies and advocates incorporating it into both the dialogue and the curriculum of the law and literature movement. It identifies themes that emerge from the juxtaposition of the poems in the anthology, examines the relationship of fixed-verse forms to law in the poems, and draws attention to those voices that are underrepresented in the collection and the movement. It relies primarily on the process of close reading several of the hundred poems included in "Poetry of the Law" and, in so doing, it practices law in literature while it models precisely the type of critical approach that would serve those participating in the study of law as literature. It prescribes a canon of law-related poetry and illustrates how the inclusion of poems and techniques of poetic interpretation stand to benefit students, lawyers, and theorists alike.
EEG Topography in Patients with Aggressive Violent Behavior

Although animal studies show that the tendency to fight is heritable, the aggressive violent behavior with which this book is concerned is not that with which the ethologist deals. Nonhuman aggressive behaviors are considered to be characteristic of an entire species, People also have a “nature” that determines their potential for perceiving and responding to stimuli. But, the behavior of the human animal, especially, is importantly determined by experience with the environment. This environmental influence may be of less moment among persons who have suffered a noxious biological accident. Candidates for the role of such chance noxious events that have been associated with aggression and violence have included the presence of an extra Y-chromosome and brain damage, among others. This chapter reviews some issues of violence in relation to mental disorders, neurological abnormalities, epilepsy, and the EEG.
Addition of a hospital bedside sitter during intracranial stereotactic EEG monitoring improves safety and seizure responses in an adult epilepsy monitoring unit.

Abstract Expert consensus statements recommend continuous observation for patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG), but this practice is neither universal nor specific regarding the type of observation. We compared outcomes for patients who underwent intracranial stereotactic EEG (SEEG) before and after the adoption of continuous monitoring by a staff bedside sitter. We retrospectively studied 26 consecutive adult patients who underwent SEEG placement at our center over a three-year period. Thirteen patients were monitored with usual protocol (no-sitter group), and 13 patients had a full-time hospital-employed sitter at bedside (sitter group). We analyzed nursing responses for all electroclinical seizures and characterized seizure-related adverse events. More seizures went unrecognized without a sitter (33.3% versus 15.0% of all seizures; p = 0.03). Two unrecognized focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures occurred only in the no-sitter group. Nursing response was significantly faster in the sitter group in relation to both electrographic seizure onset (12.0 s, p = 0.04) and clinical seizure onset (13.5 s, p = 0.02). Two patients in the no-sitter group pulled their electrodes out periictally while none did so in the sitter group. The addition of a full-time staff bedside sitter improved nursing response times and lowered the rate of unrecognized seizures in patients with SEEG monitoring. Sitters also helped to eliminate inadvertent major electrode displacement.
Distinct subcellular changes in proteasome activity and linkage-specific protein polyubiquitination in the amygdala during the consolidation and reconsolidation of a fear memory.

Abstract Numerous studies have supported a critical role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes. The protein targets and functional role of ubiquitin-proteasome activity can vary widely across cellular compartments, however, it is unknown how UPS activity changes within the nuclear, cytoplasmic, and synaptic regions in response to learning or memory retrieval. Additionally, while previous studies have focused on degradation-specific protein polyubiquitination, it is unknown how learning alters other polyubiquitin tags that are not targeted by the proteasome. Using cellular fractionation protocols in combination with linkage-specific polyubiquitin antibodies, we examined subcellular changes in ubiquitin-proteasome activity in the amygdala during memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Following memory acquisition, overall protein ubiquitination and proteasome activity simultaneously increased in the nucleus and decreased in the synaptic and cytoplasmic regions. The nuclear increases were associated with upregulation of degradation-specific (K48) and degradation-independent (K63, M1) polyubiquitin tags, suggesting multiple functions for ubiquitin signaling within this region. Interestingly, retrieval induced a very different pattern of ubiquitin-proteasome activity in the amygdala, consisting of increases in overall protein ubiquitination and proteasome activity and K48-, K63-, and M1-polyubiquitin tags in the synaptic, but not nuclear or cytoplasmic regions. Collectively, learning and memory retrieval dynamically and differentially alter degradation-dependent and degradation-independent ubiquitin-proteasome activity across different cellular compartments, suggesting that the UPS may serve unique functions during memory consolidation and reconsolidation.
Pediatric High Grade Glioma Resources From the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) and Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA)

Background: Pediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) remains a fatal disease. Increased access to richly annotated biospecimens and patient derived tumor models will accelerate pHGG research and support translation of research discoveries. This work describes the pediatric high grade glioma set of the Children9s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) from the first release (October 2018) of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA). Methods: pHGG tumors with associated clinical data and imaging were prospectively collected through the CBTTC and analyzed as the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA) with processed genomic data deposited into PedcBioPortal for broad access and visualization. Matched tumor was cultured to create high grade glioma cell lines analyzed by targeted and WGS and RNA-seq. A tissue microarray (TMA) of primary pHGG tumors was also created. Results: The pHGG set included 87 collection events (73 patients, 60% at diagnosis, median age of 9 yrs, 55% female, 46% hemispheric). Analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations of known glioma genes were of expected distribution (36% H3.3, 47% TP53, 24% ATRX and 7% BRAF V600E variants). A pHGG TMA (n=77), includes 36 (53%) patient tumors with matched sequencing. At least one established glioma cell line was generated from 23 patients (32%). Unique reagents include those derived from a H3.3 G34R glioma and from tumors with mismatch repair deficiency. Conclusion: The CBTTC and PBTA have created an openly available integrated resource of over 2,000 tumors, including a rich set of pHGG primary tumors, corresponding cell lines and archival fixed tissue to advance translational research for pHGG.
Continuity of Treatment: Toilet Training in Multiple Community Settings:

This study investigates the toilet training of four severely handicapped autistic children who regularly participated in a number of diverse community settings. In the context of a multiple baseline design, the children were first provided a systematic toilet training program in only some of the environments. In a subsequent “continuity” condition, the same toilet training program was systematically and simultaneously implemented within all of the children's environments. Results showed no consistent trends towards acquisition when training was provided in only some of the settings, even when the program was in progress for over two years. However, the continuity approach which coordinated all of the children's daily activities produced immediate and steady gains in successful toileting. This success was evident with children who had long histories of unsuccessful training attempts as well as with a child who had no previous exposure to toilet-training programs of any kind, These data are discussed in ter...
Optimizing Handover Parameters by Q-Learning for Heterogeneous Radio-Optical Networks

Existing literature studying the access point (AP)-user association problem of heterogeneous radio-optical networks either investigates quasi-static network selection or only considers vertical handover (VHO) dwell time from optical to radio. The quasi-static assumption can result in outdated decisions for highly mobile scenarios. Solely focusing on the optical to radio handover ignores the importance of dwell time for VHO from radio to optical. In this paper, we propose a flexible and holistic framework, that runs a self-optimizing algorithm at the centralized coordinator (CC). This CC resides in the LTE eNodeB and controls the handover parameters of all the visible light communication (VLC) APs under the coverage of the LTE eNodeB. Based on Q-learning approach, the algorithm optimizes the time-to-trigger ( $TTT$ ) values for VHO between LTE and VLC. Case studies are performed to validate the considerable gain in terms of average throughput by optimizing $TTT$ s. We evaluate the impact of learning parameters on the optimal throughput and convergence speed through trace-driven simulations. The simulation results reveal that the Q-learning based algorithm improves the average throughput of mobile device by 25% when compared to the fixed $TTT$ scheme. Furthermore, this algorithm is capable of self-optimizing handover parameters in an online manner.
A Novel Technique for the Diagnosis and Management of Middle Ear Myoclonus

A novel technique for the diagnosis and management of middle ear myoclonus is described. A patient with middle ear myoclonus underwent a trans-canal microscopic middle ear exploration with injection of botulinum toxin into the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles. Postoperatively, the patient noted complete resolution of symptoms. This is the first report of the use of botulinum toxin directly applied to the middle ear musculature via a trans-canal approach for the management of middle ear myoclonus. This approach is both a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool that allows for temporary muscle paralysis prior to offering definitive surgical management. Laryngoscope, 131:E248-E249, 2021.
Exponential Sums over Finite Fields

This is an expository paper on algebraic aspects of exponential sums over finite fields. This is a new direction. Various examples, results and open problems are presented along the way, with particular emphasis on Gauss periods, Kloosterman sums and one variable exponential sums. One main tool is the applications of various p-adic methods. For this reason, the author has also included a brief exposition of certain p-adic estimates of exponential sums. The material is based on the lectures given at the 2020 online number theory summer school held at Xiamen University. Notes were taken by Shaoshi Chen and Ruichen Xu.
An Open Letter from Heaven to Justice Samuel Alito

An open letter that reflects on the sentiments and advice of Judge A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr. to Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito is presented. Concerns were raised on Alito's previous judgments on biased trials and his disregard for civil rights. Higginbotham asked Alito to be fair and prevent racial discrimination. He suggests Alito to speak out more decisively on important political and equality issues in the same manner of his predecessor, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.
A Review of “Disability and Christian Theology: Embodied Limits and Constructive Possibilities”

In this insightful book on disability, Deborah Creamer suggests that we “know all limits” (p. 18). This directive offers the reader, disabled or not, a challenge to address one of the realities of ...
Teaching the Millennial Generation in the Religious and Theological Studies Classroom

This essay provides an overview of the distinctive challenges presented to teaching and learning in religious and theological studies by the conditions and characteristics of “millennial” students. While the emerging literature on this generation is far from consistent, it is still instructive and important to engage, as students that are immersed in technology and social networking have different facilities and difficulties that educators would do well to carefully address and critically employ. Teachers in theological and religious studies are distinctly positioned to grapple with such conditions, particularly around the practices of identity formation, media literacy, and embodiment. Attention to the development of such practices engages key issues for both the millennial students and the religious and theological studies teacher: virtual reality, spiritual identity, globalization and violence, critical consumption and ethical creativity, focused and contemplative thinking, and intercultural and interpersonal respect.
Molecular cloning, transcriptional characterization, and sequencing of cDNA encoding the H-protein of the mitochondrial glycine decarboxylase complex in peas

The glycine decarboxylase multienzyme complex is located in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes a key reaction of the photorespiratory C-2 cycle of C3 plants. The cDNA encoding the smallest subunit, the 13,900-dalton H-protein, of the glycine decarboxylase complex from pea (Pisum sativum) leaves was cloned, identified, characterized, and sequenced. The 678-nucleotide sequence contained a 495-nucleotide open reading frame capable of encoding the 165-amino-acid H-protein precursor. The N terminus of this protein contains a 34-amino-acid sequence which does not appear in the mature protein. This presequence resembles the amphiphilic helices observed with mitochondrial leader sequences in yeast. The 131-amino-acid mature protein from peas shares substantial homology with the enzyme isolated from chicken liver. The abundance of the H-protein mRNA was about 5-fold greater in light-grown pea seedlings compared to dark-grown seedlings. The amount of H-protein transcript increased within 4 h after the plants were transferred to white light and continued to increase up to 24 h. The time course for the accumulation of the H-protein mRNA was similar to that for the mRNA of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.
THE FIRST YEAR OF THE MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY1

\W HEN I tried at the Columbia meeting of the Modern Language Association last year to tell something of what the Investigating Committee had in mind, we had before us innumerable possibilities both for failure and success. At present, since the Committee has definitely committed itself to certain lines of endeavor, the possibilities of both success and failure have narrowed for the Study, as they do for an individual, who, by the mere adoption of a course, limits his freedom. The undertaking can no longer be kept, as it might have been, entirely within the bounds of gathering opinions and collecting statistics. The Committee can not, as might have been possible, spend its time tranquilly drawing up, out of its own wisdom, four-year courses of study for secondary schools, in the optimistic hope that they will be of value some day to large numbers when the curriculum is put on a more satisfactory basis. And so we might continue to enumerate other turns that the Committee's activities could
Friendly Society Discipline and Charity in Late‐Victorian and Edwardian England

In 1889, Dr. William Robinson proposed a seemingly radical plan to his fellow members in the Stanhope Agricultural Oddfellows Lodge, a Durham County friendly society of which he was the medical off...
Chapter 1 Real-World Kinetics via Simulations

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the use of chemical kinetics simulator (CKS) to teach students the way to think about kinetic processes, to develop and evaluate reaction mechanisms, and to build familiarity with typical reaction mechanisms beyond the basic simple cases. The chapter focuses on two examples in materials and biomimetic chemistry. The study of chemical kinetics phenomena remains very much a core activity in chemistry-related fields, whether in catalysis, synthesis scale-up, pharmacology, biochemistry, and materials processing or polymerization, to highlight just a few areas. The two simulation exercises discussed in the chapter are intended as illustrative introductions to the thought processes that can be used to develop and evaluate reaction mechanisms. Other chemical systems can be substituted according to the interests of the instructor and the class. When presented in the future with a practical situation, where the kinetics of an unknown reaction system must be characterized, the students will be able to draw on such an exercise for guidance on the way the problem can be addressed.
Quantifying the quality of a systems approach

Determining a systems design, analysis or approach to be of high or low quality remains a subjective assessment. Our field requires the ability to objectively grade the quality of a systems approach in advance of implementation and then correlate that assessment with outcomes.
Research Challenges for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

This chapter discusses the state of the art and the major research challenges in architectures, algorithms, and protocols, for wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). These are networks of wirelessly interconnected smart devices designed and deployed to retrieve video and audio streams, still images, and scalar sensor data. First, applications and key factors influencing the design of WMSNs are discussed. Then, the existing solutions at the application, transport, network, link, and physical layers of the communication protocol stack are investigated. Finally, fundamental open research issues are discussed and future research trends in this area are outlined.