cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of the post chemotherapy subcentimeter residual mass: the case for observation

With the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, testis cancer has now become a highly curable disease. For patients presenting with good risk disease, the primary goal for physicians is to decrease the treatment-related morbidity without compromising cure. For low-volume ( 5 cm) stages II and III disease, initial treatment is typically systemic chemotherapy. Following the systemic chemotherapy, patients achieving a partial radiographic response (PR) generally undergo post chemotherapy (PC) surgery as 50–60% harbor either teratoma or active cancer. Thus, patients achieving a PR require dual therapy: chemotherapy plus surgery. The controversy arises as to the optimal treatment for patients achieving a complete radiographic response (CR) to systemic chemotherapy: observation or surgery. The argument for either approach relates to the interpretation of data on the ability of chemotherapy as monotherapy to cure patients with metastatic disease. As teratoma is chemorefractory, and residual microscopic teratoma may be present PC in complete responders, some institutions have adopted the policy for PC surgery in all patients including CRs. The rationale is twofold: (1) all patients with metastatic disease require dual therapy: chemotherapy to eradicate active germ cell tumor and surgery to eradicate microscopic teratoma as (2) unresected microscopic teratoma has an unpredictable biologic behavior and may ultimately have a deleterious eVect on outcome. Proponents of observation in those achieving a CR to chemotherapy argue that (1) PC microscopic teratoma may be by and large biologically benign, (2) the small relapse rates of those observed does not justify surgery in all patients achieving a CR and (3) patients that do relapse remain curable. This paper will address the incidence of microscopic teratoma in complete responders to chemotherapy, and attempt to deWne the biologic behavior of PC microscopic teratoma.
Characterization of alkali-metal sols in diethyl ether. Visible extinction and surface-enhanced Raman spectra

Abstract Colloidal suspensions of Na, K, Rb, and Cs have been prepared in diethyl ether. The visible extinction spectra of each are compared with results of theoretical Mie-scattering spectra, calculated using a variety of optical constant data sets. Comparison of the experimental extinction spectra to the theoretical spectra demonstrates that fresh sols of Na, K and Rb contain small metal particles with diameters suitable for surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectroscopic studies. Fresh Cs colloids, reported for the first time, show signs of particle aggregation in long strings. Raman spectra of Na, K and Rb colloids are presented in the region between 150 and 700 cm −1 . We find that Na colloids display two broad SER features at 290 and 530 cm −1 , K colloids display two SER features at 220 and 480 cm −1 , and Rb colloids display one band at 215 cm −1 . The lower-frequency bands for Na and K sols and the 215 cm −1 band of Rb sols may be due to lattice modes of amorphous alkali-metal hydroxides on the metal surfaces. The two higher-frequency bands at 480 and 530 cm −1 remain unassigned.
A graphical operations interface for modular surface systems

This paper presents the design and implementation of algorithms for a new graphical operations interface system specifically adapted to operating modular reconfigurable articulated surface systems. Geometric models of heterogeneous robot modules may be connected and disconnected in this interface via drag-and-drop interaction. The resulting assemblies may further be kinematically operated through onscreen direct manipulation. The system maintains a reduced coordinate kinematic model for stability, accuracy, and performance. Key algorithms are presented to evolve this model as the user changes the assembled module topology. Though the presented algorithms are generic, application examples are given primarily for a simulation of NASA/JPL's reconfigurable TriATHLETE system for Lunar exploration. A second application example with a modular robot from the research literature is also included as a demonstration.
Cryogenic Testing Of A Beryllium Mirror

This paper describes the vacuum cryogenic test program conducted on a 32-inch by 34-inch elliptical, flat, beryllium mirror over a temperature range of 300°K to 150°K. It discusses the arrangement of optical test equipment for in-situ measurements of mirror optical quality, describes the thermal environmental control and data system, and covers the test setup and operational activity. The optical measurements were made using a scat-ter plate interferometer in conjunction with a 36-inch diameter parabolic mirror and appropriate transfer optics arranged to work over a 65-foot optical path length. The main-tenance of optical alignment and the real-time adjustments of the interferometer were carried out remotely under the test environment using a TV display of the test interferogram.
Ureteral perigraft fistula

Ureteral injury following aortic surgery occurs in less than 1% of all cases. Ureteral-arterial fistulae rarely occur in the current literature and only in case reports. This case involves a suspected ureteral aortic graft fistula presenting with acute hematuria with distant history of redo aortic bifemoral graft for aortoenteric fistula. Cystoscopy with retrograde pyelogram was performed and demonstrated what appeared to be a fistula between the left ureter and the aortic graft with a proximal hydroureter and hydronephrosis. After a detailed review of the films, we diagnosed a more benign ureteral perigraft fistula. Multidisciplinary management including urology and vascular surgery suggested conservative management. However, the patient later required more definitive therapy for his illness. This case demonstrates a ureteral perigraft fistula and displays how it appears radiographically. Here we present our experience with this new radiological diagnosis.
A comparison of the criterion validity of popular measures of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder via the use of expert ratings.

The growing interest in the study of narcissism has resulted in the development of a number of assessment instruments that manifest only modest to moderate convergence. The present studies adjudicate among these measures with regard to criterion validity. In the 1st study, we compared multiple narcissism measures to expert consensus ratings of the personality traits associated with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD; Study 1; N 98 community participants receiving psychological/psychiatric treatment) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) using 5-factor model traits as well as the traits associated with the pathological trait model according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Study 2 (N 274 undergraduates), we tested the criterion validity of an even larger set of narcissism instruments by examining their relations with measures of general and pathological personality, as well as psychopathology, and compared the resultant correlations to the correlations expected by experts for measures of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Across studies, the grandiose dimensions from the FiveFactor Narcissism Inventory (FFNI; Glover, Miller, Lynam, Crego, & Widiger, 2012) and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Raskin & Terry, 1988) provided the strongest match to expert ratings of DSM–IV–TR NPD and grandiose narcissism, whereas the vulnerable dimensions of the FFNI and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (Pincus et al., 2009), as well as the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (Hendin & Cheek, 1997), provided the best match to expert ratings of vulnerable narcissism. These results should help guide researchers toward the selection of narcissism instruments that are most well suited to capturing different aspects of narcissism.
Present and future of lung cancer vaccines

New approaches are needed to improve the current treatment of lung cancer. Inducing an immune response against lung tumour cells with vaccines represents an attractive therapy. However, lung tumours had not been considered good targets for vaccine therapy and, therefore, immune approaches have not been studied extensively in this setting. Current experimental strategies for antitumour vaccines include the generation of active immune responses against specific tumour antigens. Understanding the mechanisms of antitumour immunity and identifying relevant tumour-specific antigens will probably improve therapeutic strategies and provide avenues for the future of lung cancer therapy. There have been a number of preclinical immunotherapy trials suggesting activity, and a smaller number of human clinical trials using various vaccines in lung cancer. Initial data from these trials have shown preliminary evidence of induction of immune responses and suggest clinical activity. This paper reviews some of the most imp...
Simulation of lung alveolar epithelial wound healing in vitro

The mechanisms that enable and regulate alveolar type II (AT II) epithelial cell wound healing in vitro and in vivo remain largely unknown and need further elucidation. We used an in silico AT II cell-mimetic analogue to explore and better understand plausible wound healing mechanisms for two conditions: cyst repair in three-dimensional cultures and monolayer wound healing. Starting with the analogue that validated for key features of AT II cystogenesis in vitro, we devised an additional cell rearrangement action enabling cyst repair. Monolayer repair was enabled by providing ‘cells’ a control mechanism to switch automatically to a repair mode in the presence of a distress signal. In cyst wound simulations, the revised analogue closed wounds by adhering to essentially the same axioms available for alveolar-like cystogenesis. In silico cell proliferation was not needed. The analogue recovered within a few simulation cycles but required a longer recovery time for larger or multiple wounds. In simulated monolayer wound repair, diffusive factor-mediated ‘cell’ migration led to repair patterns comparable to those of in vitro cultures exposed to different growth factors. Simulations predicted directional cell locomotion to be critical for successful in vitro wound repair. We anticipate that with further use and refinement, the methods used will develop as a rigorous, extensible means of unravelling mechanisms of lung alveolar repair and regeneration.
An improved algorithm for sinewave parameter estimation

A sinewave can be completely characterized by its four parameters: amplitude, DC offset, frequency, and phase. The authors document an improved algorithm for estimating the four parameters from a digitized data record. This new algorithm is noniterative and utilizes a linear technique which improves the accuracy of parameter estimates over existing nonlinear methods. This algorithm performs reliably even when the input sinewave is corrupted by various levels of noise distortion similiar to those presented in the output of typical waveform digitizers. Results of simulations verify that the proposed method shows consistent improvement over a broad range of both linear and nonlinear distortion levels. >
Traffic complexity of intersecting flows of aircraft under variations of pilot preferences in maneuver choice

This paper studies the traffic complexity of two intersecting flows of aircraft when the pilot maneuver preferences vary. The traffic complexity is indicated by the amount of airspace required for the conflict-free crossing of the two flows. To simplify the analysis, we use the models of instantaneous lateral and longitudinal position changes to approximate the heading-change and speed-change maneuvers of the aircraft, respectively. The pilot preferences, expressed as preferred heading or speed changes, are reflected by different penalty functions of position displacements that the pilots attempt to minimize during conflict resolution. Under the same pilot preferences, the aircraft flow stability is preserved using a decentralized conflict-resolution scheme. However, when the pilot preferences are allowed to vary so that individual aircraft have more control freedom in conflict resolution, the traffic complex is shown to increase significantly in the sense that the intersecting flows require a much larger fraction of airspace to ensure conflict-free and stable flows of aircraft.
Interpretation of the velocity measurement ballistocardiogram

Abstract 1. 1. A portable electromagnetic ballistocardiograph was used to study three groups of individuals: normal persons, patients confined to a hospital and convalescing from noncardiac disease, and patients with obvious cardiac disease. 2. 2. The records were analyzed by four methods: (a) presence of so-called early M or late M pattern, (b) JK:IJ ratio, (c) H-K time interval and its variation, (d) Brown, Hoffman, and de Lalla criteria. 3. 3. Precise determination of the limits of the early and late M patterns could not be made. 4. 4. Observations that the JK:IJ ratio is materially increased by use of the electromagnetic machine are confirmed. 5. 5. The JK:IJ ratio and the H-K interval and its variation failed to distinguish the three groups. Within the cardiac group those with hypertensive and luetic heart disease had a higher JK:IJ ratio, but some of these individuals had normal ratios. 6. 6. Records with some degree of variation (1, 2, 3, or 4) were found in 66 per cent of the individuals with frank cardiac disease, in 55 per cent of the patients convalescing from noncardiac disease, and in 14 per cent of the normal persons. Grade 4 ballistocardiograms were found in 31 per cent, 18 per cent, and 0.9 per cent of these three groups, respectively. These results emphasize that abnormality of the ballistocardiogram was not necessarily associated with cardiac disease. 7. 7. It is emphasized that 34 per cent of the individuals with frank heart disease had normal ballistocardiograms.
Implications to Exploration of Porosity Relationships and Paragenetic Sequences, Jurassic Navajo (Nugget) Sandstone, Utah and Southwestern Wyoming: ABSTRACT

We have studied in outcrop and in the subsurface the reservoir characteristics and diagenesis of the Early Jurassic, eolian, Navajo (Nugget) Sandstone in Utah and southwestern Wyoming. Principal topics include: texture, framework constituents, intergranular and intragranular cements, matrix, directional porosity, porosity types, and hydraulic conductivity. Present characteristics of the sandstone are related to variations in dune and interdune environments, fluctuating ground-water chemistry, and postdepositional environments. Diagenesis, in which an open-system diagenetic model is considered, superimposes and is influenced by these variations and events. The sandstone was deposited principally in dune and interdune settings. Surface and/or near-surface cementation, mostly by grain overgrowth and calcite from ground-water solutions, consolidated the sediment. Thereafter, the succession was uplifted, eroded, and buried by Middle Jurassic formations. During the Late Jurassic through Eocene, the sandstone was affected by compressional folding and thrust faulting in central and northern Utah and southwestern Wyoming. During the Tertiary, extensional deformation occurred. Petrographic criteria in thin sections indicate that secondary leached porosity generally is common to dominant in surface, near-surface, and possibly in deep subsurface sequences. Variations in porosity and volume of cements with depth exist and are correlative in all areas studied. Porosity changes with depth, as well as the volume of cements, are the result of downward-decreasing surface leaching of intergranular and intragranular cements, creation of secondary porosity, effects of initial stratification types, and facies changes. Compaction of the sandstone due to mechanical rearrangement of detrital grains and intergranular pressure solution played little or no role in modification of porosity or hydraulic conductivity. Likely, they account for not more than 5% of the porosity reduction. Greatest porosity reduction (16%) was by cementation. Present mean total porosity is 19%, ranging from 3 to 35%. End_of_Article - Last_Page 952------------
Age and ethnicity affect the risk and outcome of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

In patients with proteinuria, African-American (AA) ethnicity is reported to be a risk factor for focal segmental glomerulosclereosis (FSGS) and its progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We reviewed our single-center experience to determine the probability of FSGS and its progression to ESRD based on ethnicity and age at presentation in children with proteinuria with or without nephrotic syndrome. Proteinuria without systemic disease or acute glomerulonephritis was the presenting feature in 17% (236/1,403) of children in the renal patient database of Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine. Histopathological diagnoses were established in 107 of 236 patients (45%). FSGS was identified in 65 patients, accounting for 28% of all patients with proteinuria and 61% of patients who underwent renal biopsy. FSGS was more prevalent in AA (45%) than in non-AA patients (22%) (P=0.001), and AA patients with FSGS were older at presentation (12.7±4.4 years) than non-AA patients (5.6±4.6 years) (P<0.001). Among patients who underwent renal biopsy, increasing age at presentation increased the probability of having FSGS in AA but not non-AA patients (P=0.04). Five-year actuarial renal survival of FSGS was worse in AA (8%) than in non-AA patients (31%) (P=0.01). These data suggest an increased risk and worse outcome of FSGS in AA compared with non-AA children.
Multi-Hundred Gigahertz Photodetector Development Using LT GaAs

We report on the development of a new, integrable photoconductive-type detector based on low-temperature-grown GaAs. The detector has a response time of 1.2 ps and a 3-dB bandwidth of 375 GHz. The responsivity is 0.1 A/W. This is the fastest photodetector reported to date. We discuss the unique properties of this device, including its performance as functions of both light intensity and bias voltage.
Distribution patterns of over-represented k-mers in non-coding yeast DNA.

Motivation: Over-represented k-mers in genomic DNA regions are often of particular biological interest. For example, over-represented k-mers in co-regulated families of genes are associated with the DNA binding sites of transcription factors. To measure over-representation, we introduce a statistical background model based on singlemismatches, and apply it to the pooled 500 bp ORF Upstream Regions (USRs) of yeast. More importantly, we investigate the context and spatial distribution of overrepresented k-mers in yeast USRs. Results: Single and double-stranded spatial distributions of most over-represented k-mers are highly non-random, and predominantly cluster into a small number of classes that are robust with respect to over-representation measures. Specifically, we show that the three most common distribution patterns can be related to DNA structure, function, and evolution and correspond to: (a) homologous ORF clusters associated with sharply localized distributions; (b) regulatory elements associated with a symmetric broad hill-shaped distribution in the 50‐200 bp USR; and (c) runs of As, Ts, and ATs associated with a broad hill-shaped distribution also in the 50‐200 bp USR, with extreme structural properties. Analysis of over-representation, homology, localization, and DNA structure are essential components of a general datamining approach to finding biologically important k-mers in raw genomic DNA and understanding the ‘lexicon’ of regulatory regions.
Gaze durations during speech reflect word selection and phonological encoding.

Abstract Speakers produced the sentence frame The A and the B are above the C to describe three pictured objects while their eye movements were monitored. Object B or C varied in codability (the number of alternative names for it) and in the frequency of its dominant name. Codability is known to affect speed of word selection, and word frequency, speed to retrieve a word's pronunciation (phonological encoding). Speakers gazed longer at lower codability and lower frequency objects before naming them. However, the codability and frequency of B and C did not affect when speakers began naming A, even when utterances were perfectly fluent. The results indicate that speakers began “The A…” once they had a name prepared for A, before selecting names for B and C. Similar gaze patterns during less constrained scene description tasks in other studies suggest that speakers often incrementally select and phonologically encode nouns in fluent utterances.
Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and the response to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in children and adolescents with isolated growth hormone deficiency

Serum concentrations of LH and FSH were measured in 95 patients (62 males and 33 females) with presumed isolated GH deficiency [chronological age range, 5-17 yr; bone age (BA) range, 2-15.5 yr] before and after the iv administration of 100 micrograms LRF. The results were compared to those of patients of similar skeletal maturity, derived from a population of 136 children (79 males and 57 females) with constitutional short stature. Mean serum LH concentrations were similar in the GH-deficient and control patients of either sex within the age ranges studied. Mean basal FSH concentrations in males with GH deficiency were similar to the controls between BA 2 to less than 10 yr and more than 12 to 15.5 yr. The mean peak, peak minus basal, and integrated responses of LH concentrations after the iv administration of LRF were not significantly different in patients with GH deficiency from the responses in normal short children of similar ages. After LRF administration, GH-deficient males of BA between 2 and less than 10 yr had diminished FSH responses. The mean peak concentration was 1.9 +/- 0.2 ng/ml in GH-deficient males (n = 34) and 2.8 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (less than 0.05) in control males (n = 45). GH-deficient males of BA between 10-12 yr had slightly elevated mean peak and total integrated FSH concentrations; in GH-deficient patients (n = 15), these values were 2.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml and 2.1 +/- 0.2 ng X min ml-1, respectively; and in controls (n = 18), they were 1.8 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (P less than 0.05) and 1.5 +/- 0.2 ng X min ml-1 (P less than 0.05). In the BA range from 4-8 yr, the mean peak response to LRF was diminished in GH-deficient females (n = 24; 4.0 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) compared to that in control females (n = 18; 6.0 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). In the BA range from more than 8 to 13 yr, the corresponding mean peak FSH concentration in GH-deficient females (n = 9) was 3.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; in control females (n = 39), it was 4.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). This study fails to confirm previous reports that LRF-evoked LH release is diminished in patients with isolated GH deficiency compared to that in normal short children of similar skeletal maturity. Small differences in group mean FSH concentrations were noted, but these findings are of limited clinical importance because an extensive degree of overlap of individual FSH concentrations was found in all comparisons between GH-deficient patients and normal children.
Agonistic Signals and Hierarchy Changes of Antelope Squirrels

Agonistic signals were studied in antelope squirrels ( Ammospermophilus leucurus ) as part of a general study of the organizational system of this species. Visual and tactile signals are described and catalogued using a numerical system indicating relative strength and weakness of both aggressive and submissive signals. The functioning of these signals is indicated by a description of the changes in relationships over a 5 month period of three males in the population, including a description of a single fight which resulted in a dominance change.
Response of Improved Resistant Sorghum Hybrids to Natural and Artificial Greenbug Populations12

Agronomically improved greenbug resistant sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench), hybrids infested with fewer greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were damaged less and produced higher yields than a genetically comparable green bug susceptible hybrid under natural insect infestations at Lubbock, Tex. Yields of resistant hybrids were not significantly increased by insecticide treatment under natural green bug infestations. When large green bug populations were artificially created by excluding predators and parasites with screen cages, yields of resistant hybrids were reduced. Indications are that green bug-resistant hybrids with resistance incorporated from one parent should be sufficient to prevent yield loss by natural green bug population levels.
The Relation of Empathy and Defending in Bullying: A Meta-Analytic Investigation

Abstract. This meta-analysis synthesized results about the association between empathy and defending in bullying. A total of 20 studies were included, with 22 effect sizes from 6 studies that separated findings by the defender's gender, and 31 effect sizes from 18 studies that provided effects for the total sample were included in the analysis. The weighted average correlation was 0.31 for gender-separated studies and 0.33 for studies that included total samples without separating by gender. Moderator analyses indicated that the effects differed because of measurement variables (e.g., number of items in the measure, whether the measure was used previously) for the gender-separated studies, although the total sample studies' moderator analyses were not significant. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Flow cytometric analysis of signaling and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem cells

The analysis of protein phosphorylation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provides a powerful tool for studying the cell signaling activities that mediate HSC fate decisions, such as self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. The first part of this chapter describes a method of intracellular staining for phosphorylated proteins in conjunction with membrane staining for multiple hematopoietic cell-surface markers, and subsequent flow cytometric analysis of protein phosphorylation levels [indicated by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of specific fluorochromed phospho-antibodies] in primitive hematopoietic cells. The second part describes a method for assessing the frequency of apoptosis in HSCs using extracellular staining with recombinant Annexin V and 7-Amino-Actinomycin (7-AAD). Both parts involve an initial magnetic enrichment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow. Because of the intracellular detection required for the HSC signaling assay, this assay also includes cell fixation and permeabilization. Gating strategies for assessing MFI and the frequency of Annexin V(+) apoptotic cells in a complex population are also described along with representative examples.
Blood flow and steroid and nutrient uptake of the gravid uterus and fetus of sows.

Uterine and umbilical blood samples and blood flow (BF) measurements were obtained from one uterine horn and a single fetus of sows at d 70, 90 and 110 of gestation. Concentrations of O2 in blood and of estrogen (E), progesterone (P), glucose, alpha-amino nitrogen (N) and urea N in plasma were determined. Fetal weights were .267 +/- .018, .633 +/- .019 and 1.208 +/- .073 kg on d 70, 90 and 110, respectively. Uterine and umbilical BF remained constant with day of gestation, averaging 1.51 +/- .06 and .31 +/- .02 liters/min. Uptake of P by a uterine horn and fetus remained constant, but secretion of E by a uterine horn and uptake of E by a fetus increased (P less than .05) with stage of gestation. Uterine and fetal uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N did not change and uptake of O2, glucose and alpha-amino N per kg fetus decreased (P less than .01) as gestation advanced. Secretion of urea N from the uterus was observed, with a concentration gradient from the fetal to the uterine circulations. Uterine and fetal respiratory quotients for glucose were .79 and .38, respectively. Thus, although glucose potentially served as a major energy source, a large portion of the energy requirements of the fetal pig were met by catabolism of other substrates. The decrease in umbilical BF and uptake of nutrients per kg fetus with day of gestation suggested that porcine fetal metabolism declined as pregnancy advanced.
Molecular Basis Behind Inability of Mitochondrial Holocytochrome c Synthase to Mature Bacterial Cytochromes: DEFINING A CRITICAL ROLE FOR CYTOCHROME c α HELIX-1.

Mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase (HCCS) is required for cytochrome c (cyt c) maturation and therefore respiration. HCCS efficiently attaches heme via two thioethers to CXXCH of mitochondrial but not bacterial cyt c even though they are functionally conserved. This inability is due to residues in the bacterial cyt c N terminus, but the molecular basis is unknown. Human cyts c with deletions of single residues in α helix-1, which mimic bacterial cyt c, are poorly matured by human HCCS. Focusing on ΔM13 cyt c, we co-purified this variant with HCCS, demonstrating that HCCS recognizes the bacterial-like cytochrome. Although an HCCS-WT cyt c complex contains two covalent links, HCCS-ΔM13 cyt c contains only one thioether attachment. Using multiple approaches, we show that the single attachment is to the second thiol of C15SQC18H, indicating that α helix-1 is required for positioning the first cysteine for covalent attachment, whereas the histidine of CXXCH positions the second cysteine. Modeling of the N-terminal structure suggested that the serine residue (of CSQCH) would be anchored where the first cysteine should be in ΔM13 cyt c. An engineered cyt c with a CQCH motif in the ΔM13 background is matured at higher levels (2–3-fold), providing further evidence for α helix-1 positioning the first cysteine. Bacterial cyt c biogenesis pathways (Systems I and II) appear to recognize simply the CXXCH motif, not requiring α helix-1. Results here explain mechanistically how HCCS (System III) requires an extended region adjacent to CXXCH for maturation.
MCMC perspectives on simulated likelihood estimation

A major stumbling block in multivariate discrete data analysis is the problem of evaluating the outcome probabilities that enter the likelihood function. Calculation of these probabilities involves high-dimensional integration, making simulation methods indispensable in both Bayesian and frequentist estimation and model choice. We review several existing probability estimators and then show that a broader perspective on the simulation problem can be afforded by interpreting the outcome probabilities through Bayes’ theorem, leading to the recognition that estimation can alternatively be handled by methods for marginal likelihood computation based on the output of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. These techniques offer stand-alone approaches to simulated likelihood estimation but can also be integrated with traditional estimators. Building on both branches in the literature, we develop new methods for estimating response probabilities and propose an adaptive sampler for producing high-quality draws from multivariate truncated normal distributions. A simulation study illustrates the practical benefits and costs associated with each approach. The methods are employed to estimate the likelihood function of a correlated random effects panel data model of women's labor force participation.
ADHD and Comorbid Coordination Disorder

The cooccurrence of attention deficits and motor incoordination or clumsiness was examined at the University of Goteborg in a population study of 400 seven-year-old children attending mainstream schools in Karlstad, Sweden.
Nitrogen Fixation by Trevoa trinervis (Rhamnaceae) in the Chilean Matorral

Summary Trevoa trinervis (Rhamnaceae) , an important Chilean matorral shrub on disturbed sites, has active nitrogen fixation in coralloid root nodules. The success of Trevoa in dominating disturbed sites cannot be attributed to this fixation ability, however. Soil nitrogen fixation rates of free-living microorganisms under the canopies of dominant matorral shrubs differ significantly, indicating possible allelopathic interactions
A BRIEF HISTORY OF PROPERTY AND DEPRECIATION ACCOUNTING IN MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTING

Generally accepted accounting principles require the exclusion of permanent property and the non-recognition of depreciation in most governmental funds. Although this issue was settled in the early 1930s fervent debate continued as to the merits of this practice from 1895 to around 1925. Several prominent accountants argued for the inclusion of permanent property and the recognition of depreciation in governmental funds during this earlier period.
Acute cor pulmonale due to pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy from renal cell carcinoma

We report the case of a previously healthy man who presented with subacute dyspnoea after a long drive. He developed hypoxic respiratory failure, thought secondary to a massive pulmonary embolism and was treated with tissue plasminogen activator but died in the hospital despite aggressive medical measures. Autopsy revealed pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) from papillary renal cell carcinoma. PTTM is a rare clinicopathological syndrome that clinically results in symptoms of dyspnoea and right heart failure. Pathologically, a localised paraneoplastic process evolves from tumour microemboli in the pulmonary arterioles, resulting in fibrocellular proliferation and narrowing of the vessels, causing subacute right heart failure. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PTTM due to papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Electric dipole moment function of 12C16O

Abstract Vibration–rotation energy states and corresponding wave functions of carbon monoxide molecule 12C16O are generated by numerically solving the radial Schrodinger wave equation using an anharmonic potential function with eight parameters. With these wave functions and the measured line strengths that are available for the first five vibrational levels, 183 dipole moment matrix elements M 0 v′ (m) are evaluated. Finally, the dipole moment coefficients, M0,M1,…,M4, are extracted from the matrix elements.
Intracellular Signals Controlling Ionic and Acid-Base Regulation in Avian Nasal Gland Cells

The elimination of excess salt represents a significant problem for the vast majority of vertebrate species whose kidneys are generally not capable of producing a urine that is more concentrated than the body fluids. Only in mammalian species, with the full development of the loop of Henle and the counter-current multiplier system of the renal tubule, is the kidney routinely able to concentrate the urine sufficiently to handle most excess salt loads. Consequently, wherever nonmammalian species are exposed to the problem of excess salt, extrarenal mechanisms for its elimination have evolved. The tissues concerned are diverse and include the branchial epithelium of teleosts, the rectal gland of elasmobranchs, and various cranial glands (lacrimal, nasal, salivary, and lingual) in reptiles, and nasal glands in birds. Despite this diversity in the tissues utilized, current evidence suggests a certain consistency in overall function and mechanism of action, at least at the cellular level (Shuttleworth 1987). Of these different tissues, the avian salt-secreting nasal gland, in addition to its continued inherent interest for comparative physiologists, has attracted the attention of a variety of physiologists interested in certain unique properties and particular advantages that this tissue present to investigate more general phenomena. For example, together with the shark rectal gland, the avian nasal gland played an important role in elucidating the basic mechanisms of transepithelial chloride secretion (Ernst and Mills 1977).
Is the Mandible Injury Severity Score a Valid Measure of Mandibular Injury Severity

Purpose Developing a valid method for assessing mandibular injury severity could permit standardized comparisons of treatment-specific outcomes between and among various mandibular fracture studies. The study purpose was to assess the validity of the Mandible Injury Severity Score (MISS) developed by Shetty et al (J Oral Maxillofac Surg 65:663, 2007) by measuring the association between the MISS and postoperative complications, operative time, and length of hospital stay (LOS) after operative treatment of isolated mandibular fractures. Materials and Methods The authors designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study and enrolled a sample derived from patients treated for isolated mandibular fractures at Harborview Medical Center (Seattle, WA) by the oral and maxillofacial surgery service from June 2012 through December 2016. The primary predictor variable was the MISS. The primary outcome variable was postoperative complication (yes or no). Secondary outcome variables were operative time and LOS. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression statistics were computed to measure the association between the MISS and postoperative complications. The level of statistical significance was set at a P value less than or equal to .05. Results The study sample was composed of 415 patients with a mean age of 32.7 ± 14.3 years and 80% were men. The average MISS was 13.4 ± 3.5 (range, 6 to 25). The postoperative complication rate was 21%. The average MISS was significantly higher in patients with postoperative complications than in patients without complications (16.3 ± 3.3 vs 12.6 ± 3.1; P Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the MISS may be a valid measurement of mandibular injury severity as evidenced by the positive correlation between the MISS and postoperative complications, duration of operation, and LOS.
Development of countermeasures to effectively improve pedestrian safety in low-income areas

Abstract In recent years, many departments of transportation in the US have invested more resources to enhance pedestrian safety. However, there is still a need to effectively and systematically address pedestrian safety issues in low-income areas. Statistics show that pedestrians are fatally injured at disproportionately higher rates in the nation's poorer neighborhoods. Low-income areas often are sectioned by high-volume/high-speed arterials, which compound the problem. In this study, pedestrian-vehicle crash data in low-income areas were analyzed from two aspects: how demographic factors, road environment, and land use types influence pedestrian crash occurrence (based on frequency data) and how demographic and other factors influence severity in a pedestrian crash (based on severity data). The crash frequency modeling results show that major influential variables for higher pedestrian crash frequency include four demographic factors (proportions of older adults, commuters using public transit or biking, people with low education level, and zero-car ownership), three road environmental factors (densities of traffic signals and bus stops and proportion of higher-speed roads), and three land use factors (densities of discount stores, convenience stores, and fast-food restaurants). The injury severity modeling results show that a dark–not lighted condition is the most influential variable for severe injury pedestrian crashes, and the number of impaired pedestrians and aggressive drivers also greatly increases the probability of severe injury. Based on the analysis results, this paper makes specific recommendations for both engineering countermeasures and pedestrian safety education/outreach plans that resonate with a given area's demographics to effectively improve pedestrian safety in low-income areas.
Adapting Texas Instruments DLP technology to demonstrate a phase spatial light modulator

A prototype of a Phase Spatial Light Modulator (PLM) device has been developed and demonstrated using DLP Micro-ElectroMechanical System (MEMS) based technology. Designed for a visible (405nm to 632nm) laser, this device uses an array of individually-addressable, digitally-controlled PLM micromirrors that can be addressed to multiple discrete vertical positions. The MEMS superstructure process flow used for DMD micromirrors was adapted to enable manufacturing this device on top of an existing DLP technology CMOS device. The prototype has demonstrated good uniformity across the array and the ability to steer light using phase light modulation. A discussion of some initial performance metrics as well as potential applications will be presented.
Flexspander: augmenting expander networks in high-performance systems with optical bandwidth steering

Communication efficiency is one of the deciding factors in determining many of today’s high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Traditionally, HPC systems have been on static network topologies, making them inflexible to the variety of skewed traffic demands that may arise due to the spatial locality inherent in many applications. To handle traffic locality, researchers have proposed integrating optical circuit switches (OCSs) into the network architecture, which reconfigures the network topology to alter and dynamically adapt to the predicted traffic. In this paper, we present a novel reconfigurable network topology called Flexspander. Beyond offering a flexible interconnect, Flexspander also offers full flexibility in terms of construction and can be built with any arbitrary combination of commercial electrical packet switches and OCSs. We evaluate Flexspander performance through extensive simulations with multiple network traces, and our results show improved performance for Flexspander over currently proposed static and reconfigurable topologies in terms of the flow completion time.
Anti-Culture: Art of Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)

The Cultural Revolution -- its essence being anti-culture -- pushed the ideologically oriented art of the Seventeen Years to the extreme. In the early period, it was produced art on street (mainly by Red Guards), then it was made in ideological temples, expediting the "God-Building Campaign." However, there were artists who created alterative art during this turbulent age which diverted from the mainstream toward de-ideological or underground art.
Blood pressure drives multispectral tuning of inspiration via a linked-loop neural network

The brain network that supports cardiorespiratory coupling remains poorly understood. Using multielectrode arrays, we tested the hypothesis that blood pressure and baroreceptor reflexes “tune” the ...
Survey of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Prehike Conditioning, and On-Trail Injury Prevention Strategies Self-Reported by Long-Distance Hikers on the Appalachian Trail.

Introduction Studies show that 40 to 60% of long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail experience musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries, but these studies are over a decade old. The increasing popularity of hiking and injury prevention advances warrant re-evaluation of injury patterns. We sought to determine the frequency of self-reported MSK injuries in long-distance hikers on the Appalachian Trail and associations with prehike conditioning and on-trail injury prevention strategies. Methods The Appalachian Trail Conservancy surveys registered hikers annually. Our orthopedic team added 10 questions specific to MSK injury, training, and equipment to the 2018 to 2019 electronic, cross-sectional Appalachian Trail Conservancy survey. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 analysis. Correlations were performed for associations between training and gear and MSK injury. Logistic regression assessed the effect of training on MSK injury. Statistical significance was set at P Results Of 1295 respondents (52% response rate), 61% (n=791) reported MSK complaints; 28% (n=363) reported overuse/chronic MSK injuries, and 18% (n=238) reported acute injuries. MSK complaints resulted in 11% (n=147) stopping their hike. Respondents who did not train (13%, n=168) were significantly more likely to report an MSK injury (odds ratio 2.82; 95% CI 1.92–4.24; P Conclusions Prehike training and hiking gear correlate with fewer injuries. Further research is warranted to elucidate whether promoting injury prevention strategies can reduce MSK injuries among long-distance hikers.
Radiolabeling with [11C]HCN for Positron emission tomography.

Abstract Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a versatile synthon for generating carbon‑carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Unlike other one-carbon synthons (i.e., CO, CO2), HCN can function as a nucleophile (as in potassium cyanide, KCN) and an electrophile (as in cyanogen bromide, (CN)Br). The incorporation of the CN motif into organic molecules generates nitriles, hydantoins and (thio)cyanates, which can be converted to carboxylic acids, aldehydes, amides and amines. Such versatile chemistry is particularly attractive in PET radiochemistry where diverse bioactive small molecules incorporating carbon-11 in different positions need to be produced. The first examples of making [11C]HCN for radiolabeling date back to the 1960s. During the ensuing decades, [11C]cyanide labeling was popular for producing biologically important molecules including 11C-labeled α-amino acids, sugars and neurotransmitters. [11C]cyanation is now reemerging in many PET centers due to its versatility for making novel tracers. Here, we summarize the chemistry of [11C]HCN, review the methods to make [11C]HCN past and present, describe methods for labeling different types of molecules with [11C]HCN, and provide an overview of the reactions available to convert nitriles into other functional groups. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges and opportunities in [11C]HCN labeling such as developing more robust methods to produce [11C]HCN and developing rapid and selective methods to convert nitriles into other functional groups in complex molecules.
Economic Analysis for Hourly Dispatching Wind Energy Power Using Battery and Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System

This paper aims to optimize the expenditure of a hybrid energy storage system that includes a battery and supercapacitor (SC) for economical dispatching wind power at one-hour increments for an entire day for a megawatt-scale grid-connected wind turbine system. The frequency management technique is employed to exploit the technical merits of the two-energy storage apparatus and to optimally allocate the power flow between two storages to dispatch a committed pre-determined constant power into the grid. The cost optimization of the HESS is computed based on the time constant of the low pass filter (LPF) through extensive simulations in a MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, and a Contemporary Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) approach is implemented to seek the optimum value of the LPF time constant. Moreover, a state of charge (SOC) control algorithm based on a fuzzy inference system considering both battery and SC SOC is proposed in this study to accurately estimate the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period. This research also demonstrates an economic comparison to investigate the impact of utilizing different kinds of energy storage for hourly dispatching wind power. The simulation results exhibit that the presented HESS is superior to a battery or SC-only operation.
Some Aspects of Diet and Butchering Techniques Among Prehistoric Plains Indians In South Dakota

AbstractFaunal remains from ten South Dakota archaeological sites, ranging temporally from ca. 600 B.C. - A.D. 1600, are identified and analyzed by the method of White (1952). This analysis shows w...