cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
House Prices and Vacancies after Hurricane Katrina: Empirical Analysis of the Search & Matching Model

I analyze Hurricane Katrina as a natural experiment that shocks housing demand by reducing the stock supply of housing and raising net migration. With empirical data from 57 metropolitan areas, I measure the impact of Katrina on housing price, new residential investment and net migration, and produce a difference-in-differences estimated elasticity of flow supply. I develop a structural dynamic search and matching model of the housing market that produces coincidental steady state equilibrium vacancies and prices. The structural model’s simulated response to Hurricane Katrina successfully predicts the empirical qualitative response of prices and the empirical quantitative response of new residential investment.
Multiple Model Method for Aircraft Conflict Detection and Resolution in Intent and Weather Uncertainty

This paper presents a novel multiple model (MM) method for aircraft conflict detection and resolution (CDR) in intent and weather uncertainty for the next generation air transportation system. It is based on probabilistic MM aircraft trajectory prediction. Conflict detection is performed through the use of predicted probability of conflict (PC). An improved algorithm for estimating PC is proposed and compared with a commonly used method. Conflict resolution (CR) is formulated as a stochastic model predictive control (MPC) problem subject to a constraint on the predicted PC to guarantee safety of the optimized CR trajectories. The cost function to be minimized is tailored to the CR problem and includes the cost of performing evasive maneuvers as well as the average cost incurred by extra travel distance to the destination due to the maneuvers. An efficient algorithm for finding the optimal path (maneuver sequence), with respect to the maneuver cost, is proposed and extended to an overall CDR optimization algorithm for the total cost, in order to produce optimized conflict-free CR trajectories. The proposed search algorithm is essentially a generalization of an optimal list Viterbi algorithm (for unconstrained minimization through a trellis) to the constrained case of our MPC-based CDR problem. The capability and computational efficiency of the proposed MM-CDR method (including PC prediction, optimal search, and overall CDR) are evaluated via comprehensive simulation of a large variety of unmanned aerial vehicle “sense-and-avoid” encounter scenarios, and are compared with existing methods in the literature.
Human Continuity through Crises in Aviation

Highly-trained employees are essential to airports and aviation organizations. It is very important for managers as well as peers to recognize post traumatic stress reactions or symptoms that employees may display when they have attended to a natural or manmade disaster. This research project has identified and documented that many organizations practice the first-response activities associated with a traumatic event, but engage in little or no training for the recovery phase of the event/incident, which may last a long period of time. The research has identified many strategies which should edify and augment a mental health recovery plan (MHRP) so that an employees’ natural resiliency is enhanced, or those that are unable to return to normal function can be identified and receive the necessary mental health attention. The entire research project was funded by the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) as part of the National Academies.
Editorial on "Complications after esophagectomy are associated with extremes of body mass index".

There is overwhelming evidence that obesity has become a public health epidemic, with more than one third of American adults classified as obese (1). While many have demonstrated that obesity is a risk factor for a variety of disease processes, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, and cardiovascular disease, there is increasing awareness that obesity may play a role in complications following surgery (2-4).
Visual area V4 encodes history dependent attentional effort and single-trial perceptual detection

ABSTRACT Intense attentional effort improves performance. Neurons in visual area V4 exhibit changes in spike rates that are correlated with effort, selective attention and absolute reward expectation. How neuronal spikes in V4 encode attentional states and perceptual performance with reference to other task relevant motivational and decision signals is poorly understood. We recorded neuronal spikes from monkey visual area V4, and isolated attentional effort from reward expectancy and motor decisions in a visual orientation detection task using a statistical approach based on generalized linear models. We found that V4 spike responses exhibit hysteresis with reward changes. Single trial spiking activity encodes a combination of temporally overlapping sensory and cognitive signals. Neuronal spikes integrate contextual history of attentional effort on a longer time scale, and task related perceptual detection in a shorter timescale within a single trial. Notably, immediate reward expectation and behavioral choice probability are poor predictors of V4 spikes throughout the trial. Further, detection of task relevant perceptual signal is decoded from single trial population spikes with high accuracy. These results provide a detailed representation of perceptual and cognitive signals in V4 that are crucial for performance.
A scalable environmental thermal energy harvester based on solid/liquid phase-change materials

Abstract This paper presents the design and analysis of a scalable energy harvesting system that uses a solid/liquid phase change material (PCM), namely pentadecane (C15H32), to harvest environmental thermal energy associated with relatively low temperature and small temperature variation. The basic idea is to utilize the volume expansion of the PCM in the phase transition process to do work and generate electricity, which may be particularly suitable for powering sensors and small-scale devices that are designed to carry out long-term missions in an environment that undergoes regular, cyclic temperature variation in space or time. In this paper, we first present the fabrication and testing of a small-scale prototype in the form of a tube system, as well as the development of a thermo-mechanical model that couples the thermodynamics of the involved PCM and fluid materials with the elastic deformation of the structure. Using both the prototype and the model, we show that achieving high performance requires maintaining a high pressure inside the system, which complicates structural design and leads to incomplete melting of PCM. Towards mitigating this critical issue, we propose the idea of using a hydraulic accumulator to regulate the internal pressure. To examine this approach, we add a piston-type hydraulic accumulator to the prototype, and modify the thermo-mechanical model accordingly. We show that the hydraulic accumulator leads to a onefold increase in both thermal efficiency and specific energy output. In particular, the thermal efficiency obtained by the prototype is comparable with state-of-the-art thermoelectric generators when operating between 1 and 20°C. Using the thermo-mechanical model, we also present a parametric study that shows the dependence of the system’s performance on a few key design parameters.
Irreversible Electroporation Combined with Checkpoint Blockade and TLR7 Stimulation Induces Antitumor Immunity in a Murine Pancreatic Cancer Model.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal ablation technique that is used clinically in selected patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, but most patients develop recurrent distant metastatic disease. We hypothesize that IRE can induce an in situ vaccination effect by releasing tumor neoantigens in an inflammatory context. Using an immunocompetent mouse model, we demonstrated that IRE alone produced complete regression of subcutaneous tumors in approximately 20% to 30% of mice. IRE was not effective in immunodeficient mice. Mice with complete response to IRE demonstrated prophylactic immunity and remained tumor free when rechallenged with secondary tumors on the contralateral flank. CD8+ T cells from IRE-responsive mice were reactive against peptides representing model-inherent alloantigens and conferred protection against tumor challenge when adoptively transferred into immunocompromised, tumor-naive mice. Combining IRE with intratumoral Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7) agonist (1V270) and systemic anti-programmed death-1 receptor (PD)-1 checkpoint blockade resulted in improved treatment responses. This combination also resulted in elimination of untreated concomitant distant tumors (abscopal effects), an effect not seen with IRE alone. These results suggest that the systemic antitumor immune response triggered by IRE can be enhanced by stimulating the innate immune system with a TLR7 agonist and the adaptive immune system with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade simultaneously. Combinatorial approaches such as this may help overcome the immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer microenvironment.
Assessing Pregnancy, Gestational Complications, and Co-morbidities in Women With Congenital Heart Defects (Data from ICD-9-CM Codes in 3 US Surveillance Sites)

Improved treatment of congenital heart defects (CHDs) has resulted in women with CHDs living to childbearing age. However, no US population-based systems exist to estimate pregnancy frequency or complications among women with CHDs. Cases were identified in multiple data sources from 3 surveillance sites: Emory University (EU) whose catchment area included 5 metropolitan Atlanta counties; Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MA) whose catchment area was statewide; and New York State Department of Health (NY) whose catchment area included 11 counties. Cases were categorized into one of 5 mutually exclusive CHD severity groups collapsed to severe versus not severe; specific ICD-9-CM codes were used to capture pregnancy, gestational complications, and nongestational co-morbidities in women, age 11 to 50 years, with a CHD-related ICD-9-CM code. Pregnancy, CHD severity, demographics, gestational complications, co-morbidities, and insurance status were evaluated. ICD-9-CM codes identified 26,655 women with CHDs, of whom 5,672 (21.3%, range: 12.8% in NY to 22.5% in MA) had codes indicating a pregnancy. Over 3 years, age-adjusted proportion pregnancy rates among women with severe CHDs ranged from 10.0% to 24.6%, and 14.2% to 21.7% for women with nonsevere CHDs. Pregnant women with CHDs of any severity, compared with nonpregnant women with CHDs, reported more noncardiovascular co-morbidities. Insurance type varied by site and pregnancy status. These US population-based, multisite estimates of pregnancy among women with CHD indicate a substantial number of women with CHDs may be experiencing pregnancy and complications. In conclusion, given the growing adult population with CHDs, reproductive health of women with CHD is an important public health issue.
Masculinity, Money, and the Postponement of Parenthood in Nigeria

In southeastern Nigeria, several interconnected processes of social change are combining to delay parenthood. Most of the demographic and social sciences literature examining the postponement of parenthood has paid primary attention to women. To address this gap, this article foregrounds the changing social landscape of masculinity as a significant context within which to situate these demographic changes. At the core of Nigerian men's perceptions, decisions, and behaviors with regard to delaying fatherhood is a fundamental contradiction, one that seems to be common in many settings-at least many African settings-of contemporary demographic transition. The contradiction is that while the postponement of parenthood seems to be associated historically with positive social and economic indicators, when Nigerian men articulate their rationales for delaying fatherhood (and marriage) they commonly describe feelings of uncertainty connected to a sense of struggle and deprivation. This article connects men's anxieties about-and delays embarking on-marriage and parenthood to their experiences of economic uncertainty, and specifically to the perceived need for money as the foundation for successful reproduction.
Research, Practice, and the Making of Architecture

The old dichotomy of research vs. practice continues to play out in the constructed division between academia and the profession. Unlike other disciplines with licensure, in which the ultimate goal...
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Dementias

As human life expectancy increases, dementias have become a growing public health issue. Since dementias have many types/subtypes associated with different genetics, molecular mechanisms, neurohistopathology, and clinical courses, accurate diagnosis of dementias is imperative for the implementation of effective pharmacotherapy and for optimizing patient care. Clinical nuclear medicine neuroimaging is increasingly utilized for the evaluation of dementias. Presently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is the most commonly used functional neuroimaging modality to aid the clinical diagnosis of dementias (Ishii, Am J Neuroradiol 35:2030–2038, 2014). Presented in this chapter are original clinical cases with probably normal PET findings or with altered brain metabolism in patterns suggestive of the following neurological conditions: normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementias (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), vascular dementia (VD), mixed dementias, corticobasal degeneration (CBD), dementia secondary to major depression disorder (MDD), brain tumors or vascular malformation, and dementia of unknown type. Since 2012, beta-amyloid PET has become a new clinical neuroimaging modality (Filippi et al., Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 8:268–281, 2018). A negative beta-amyloid PET effectively rules out AD – the most common type of amyloid dementia. A positive beta-amyloid PET depicts significant beta-amyloid deposition in the brain, but is not by itself indicative of AD, nor exclusive of coexisting neurologic disorders other than AD. Moreover, a positive beta-amyloid PET could occur in some elder individuals without cognitive impairment.
Herbicide resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus

Amaranthus tuberculatus is the major weed species in many midwestern US row-crop production fields, and it is among the most problematic weeds in the world in terms of its ability to evolve herbicide resistance. It has now evolved resistance to herbicides spanning seven unique sites of action, with populations and even individual plants often possessing resistance to several herbicides/herbicide groups. Historically, herbicide target-site changes accounted for most of the known resistance mechanisms in this weed; however, over the last few years, non-target-site mechanisms, particularly enhanced herbicide detoxification, have become extremely common in A. tuberculatus. Unravelling the genetics and molecular details of non-target-site resistance mechanisms, understanding the extent to which they confer cross resistance to other herbicides, and understanding how they evolve remain as critical research endeavors. Transcriptomic and genomics approaches are already facilitating such studies, the results of which hopefully will inform better resistance-mitigation strategies. The largely unprecedented level of herbicide resistance in A. tuberculatus is not only a fascinating example of evolution in action, but it is a serious and growing threat to the sustainability of midwestern US cropping systems. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
A nontoxic fungal natural product modulates fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae upstream of FGF-WNT developmental signaling.

BACKGROUND: The regeneration of larvae zebrafish fin emerged as a new model of regeneration in the last decade. In contrast to genetic tools to study fin regeneration, chemical probes to modulate and interrogate regeneration processes are not well developed. RESULTS: We set up a zebrafish larvae fin regeneration assay system and tested activities of natural product compounds and extracts, prepared from various microbes. Colomitide C, a recently isolated product from a fungus obtained from Antarctica, inhibited larvae fin regeneration. Using fluorescent reporter transgenic lines, we show that colomitide C inhibited fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and WNT/s-catenin signaling, which were activated after larvae fin amputation. By using the endothelial cell reporter line and immunofluorescence, we showed that colomitide C did not affect migration of the blood vessel and nerve into the injured larvae fin. Colomitide C did not show any cytotoxic activities when tested against FGF receptor-amplified human cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Colomitide C, a natural product, modulated larvae fin regeneration likely acting upstream of FGF and WNT signaling. Colomitide C may serve as a template for developing new chemical probes to study regeneration and other biological processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Identification of cellulose synthase(s) in higher plants: sequence analysis of processive β-glycosyltransferases with the common motif ’D, D, D35Q(R,Q)XRW‘

More than ten β-glycosyltransferases are now recognized that have limited similarity to the amino acid sequence of cellulose synthase from Acetobacter xylinum. Using hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA), we recently identified two domains and putative catalytic residues in the processive β-glycosyltransferases. In this study, we have found expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from higher plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, and Oryza sativa) that exhibit a limited sequence similarity to the A. xylinum cellulose synthase. These ESTs contain some of the conserved residues identified in the processive β-glycosyltransferases. Complete sequencing of an EST clone (T88271) from A. thaliana led to the identification of all the conserved residues in the derived truncated polypeptide which appears to be part of a putative cellulose synthase. Sequence comparison of proteins with known function and several unidentified proteins have the ‘D, D, D35Q(R,Q)XRW’ motif which is considered a strong predictor for β-glycosyltransferasesthat includes, among other proteins, cellulose and chitin synthases. The first two conserved aspartic acid residues in this motif were analysed by site-directed mutagenesis, and their replacement by another amino acid led to a loss of cellulose synthase activity in A. xylinum, suggesting that they are essential for enzyme activity. A correlation between the second residue (R or Q) in the Q(R,Q)XRW sequence and the synthesis of along glucan chain (polysaccharide) or a short glucan chain(oligosaccharide) suggests that this residue may be involved in the degree of processivity
Microscopic Esophageal Sloughing Is Not Specific to "Sloughing Esophagitis".

Objectives "Sloughing esophagitis" (SE) is characterized by a 2-toned squamous epithelium with superficial necrotic keratinocytes overlying viable epithelium. We compared histologic and clinical findings to determine how cases clinically diagnosed as SE differed from cases with histologic sloughing but a different clinical diagnosis. In addition, we compared cases with inflammatory and noninflammatory histology. Methods We searched departmental archives for esophageal biopsies with histologic sloughing features. We compared clinical and histologic findings for cases with and without clinical confirmation of SE and with and without histologic inflammation. Results We identified 52 patients, of whom 10 (19%) had clinically diagnosed SE, 18 (35%) had another diagnosis, and 24 (46%) had an unclear diagnosis. Endoscopic sloughing tended to be reported more often in cases with SE (P = .07). Histologic features did not discriminate between SE and other etiologies. Esophagitis resolved in 18 of 31 patients with follow-up, with no difference between sloughing and nonsloughing cases (P = .26). There were no clinical differences based on inflammatory and noninflammatory histology. Conclusions SE has a classic microscopic appearance, but its findings are not specific, although endoscopic sloughing helps correlate histologic and clinical findings. In cases with histologic sloughing, pathologists should raise a broad differential diagnosis.
Identification of a novel genetic marker for risk of degenerative rotator cuff disease surgery in the UK Biobank

BACKGROUND While evidence indicates that familial predisposition influences the risk of developing degenerative rotator cuff disease (RCD), knowledge of specific genetic markers is limited. We conducted a genome-wide association study of RCD surgery using the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort of 500,000 people (40 to 69 years of age at enrollment) with genotype data. METHODS Cases with surgery for degenerative RCD were identified using linked hospital records. The cases were defined as an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code of M75.1 determined by a trauma/orthopaedic specialist and surgery consistent with RCD treatment. Cases were excluded if a diagnosis of traumatic injury had been made during the same hospital visit. For each case, up to 5 controls matched by age, sex, and follow-up time were chosen from the UK Biobank. Analyses were limited to European-ancestry individuals who were not third-degree or closer relations. We used logistic regression to test for genetic association of 674,405 typed and >10 million imputed markers, after adjusting for age, sex, population principal components, and follow-up. RESULTS We identified 2,917 RCD surgery cases and 14,158 matched controls. We observed 1 genome-wide significant signal (p < 5 × 10-8) for a novel locus tagged by rs2237352 in the CREB5 gene on chromosome 7 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11 to 1.24). The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2237352 was imputed with a high degree of confidence (info score = 0.9847) and is common, with a minor allele frequency of 47%. After expanding the control sample to include additional unmatched non-cases, rs2237352 and another SNP in the CREB5 gene, rs12700903, were genome-wide significant. We did not detect genome-wide significant signals at loci associated with RCD in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel association between a variant in the CREB5 gene and RCD surgery. Validation of this finding in studies with imaging data to confirm diagnoses will be an important next step. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identification of genetic RCD susceptibility markers can guide understanding of biological processes in rotator cuff degeneration and help inform disease risk in the clinical setting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A New Approach to Digital Reader Privacy; State Regulations and Their Protection of Digital Book Data

The literary world is evolving. The thought of traveling to bookstores and libraries to get our hands on the newest novels seems like a distant memory as the Internet continues to transform the way individuals act, think, and even read. Recent developments in digitized books and electronic reading devices (“e-readers”) have instantly made these formats one of the dominant ways in which society reads and purchases books today. Amazon.com, for instance, reported in 2011 that it had sold more digital books than either hardback or paperback books—a trend that has strengthened over time. When the comic book company DC Entertainment granted the exclusive rights to some of its digital content to Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble started pulling DC’s graphic novels off its shelves, stating that the company “won’t stock physical books in [Barnes & Noble] stores unless [it is] offered the content in all formats.” Accompanying this transition are even reports that the introduction of e-readers has resulted in an increase in the overall readership habits of Americans. This revolutionary new means of literary enjoyment, however, sparks a considerable amount of privacy concerns. Currently, service providers and e-readers have the ability to store their users’ reading habits with precise detail, knowing not only what books a reader has purchased but also what books a reader has browsed, what pages a reader has viewed, and even the amount of time a reader
Equity at the ballot box: Health as a resource for political participation among low-income workers in two United States cities.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify health resources associated with propensity to vote at the local-level among low-wage workers in two U.S. cities. Literature confirms individuals of lower income have a lower propensity of turning out to vote, yet few studies have focused on low-income populations to identify the variation in factors associated with voting within this group. Furthermore, few studies have investigated health and voter turnout at the local-level. In this study, we examine factors related to political participation at the local-level within a low-wage sample, examine mental, physical, behavioral, and social health and their association with voter turnout, and assess if these relationships differ by city. Methods: We use cross-sectional survey data from a sample of 974 low-wage workers in Minneapolis, MN and Raleigh, NC. We computed descriptive statistics and employed a logistic regression to predict their likelihood of local voter turnout, with the key independent variables being health resources, such as self-rated health, body mass index (BMI), mental disability, smoking status, and health insurance status. We employed a logistic regression fully interacted with a city indicator variable to assess if these associations differed by city. Results: In both cities, less than 50 percent of respondents reported voting in the last election for mayor or city council. About three-quarters of the sample reported food or housing insecurity and the majority of respondents reported utilizing some government assistance, such as supplemental nutrition programs. BMI greater than 30 was significantly associated with lower likelihood of voter turnout compared to those of lower BMI status (marginal effect=-0.10, p=0.026). Never smoking or quitting was significantly associated with higher likelihood of voter turnout compared to those who reported being a current smoker (marginal effect=0.10, p=0.002). Those with health insurance were significantly more likely to report voting compared to those without any insurance (marginal effect=0.10, p=0.022). These results did not significantly differ by city. Conclusions: Our research suggests low-wage workers face significant health burdens which may impact their propensity to vote at the local-level, and these associations do not significantly vary by city despite demographic and political differences between two jurisdictions.
Abstract 2844: The role of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) formation and growth

Introduction: MBMs are a deadly complication of melanoma. We previously showed that OXPHOS is increased in MBMs, but the roles of OXPHOS in MBM formation and growth are unknown. Methods: To determine if OXPHOS predicts formation of MBMs, RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) was performed on primary melanomas from patients (pts) diagnosed with MBM (P_MBM; n=19) and from pts diagnosed with metastases (mets) solely to non-CNS sites within 3-18 months of initial diagnosis (P_ECM; n=16), as well as pts who did not develop any mets within 5 years (P_NoMet; n=19). To functionally test the role of OXPHOS in brain and lung met formation and maintenance, brain-tropic YUMM5.2-Br3 cells were treated in vitro with the direct OXPHOS inhibitor IACS-010759 (100 nM) or vehicle control for 12 hours, and then injected into the left ventricle (intracardiac; ICa) in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were randomized to in vivo treatment with vehicle or IACS-010759 (7.5 mg/kg daily) for 14 days. Mice were euthanized and ex vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was performed to evaluate the extent of brain and lung mets. We also evaluated A375P and G361 human melanoma cell lines stably transfected with shRNAs targeting the OXPHOS mediator PGC1α (shPGC1α) or scrambled control (shScr). Cells were injected ICa, intracranially (ICr) or subcutaneously (SQ) in CD-1 nude mice. Lung and brain tissues were harvested for histological analysis of mets once mice became moribund. SQ tumors were measured twice weekly to assess tumor growth. Mice with ICr injection were monitored for survival and euthanized once moribund. Results: Pathway analysis of the primary tumors from pts demonstrated elevated KEGG OXPHOS gene set expression in P_MBM and P_ECM groups compared to P_NoMet (FDR q-val= 0.048 and Conclusions: OXPHOS was associated with increased risk of mets in pts, but not specifically MBMs. In mice, OXPHOS inhibition did not prevent MBM formation, but reduced the growth of established MBMs. Thus, OXPHOS is critical to MBM maintenance. Citation Format: Grant M. Fischer, Renato A. Guerrieri, Qianghua Hu, Fernando C. Carapeto, Aron Y. Joon, Vashisht Y. Gopal, Barbara Knighton, Wanleng Deng, Lauren E. Haydu, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Alexander J. Lazar, Michael T. Tetzlaff, Michael A. Davies. The role of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) formation and growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2844.
Development and Initial Validation of a Scale Assessing Suicide-Specific Rumination: The Suicide Rumination Scale:

Suicide-specific rumination, a repetitive mental fixation on one's suicidal thoughts and intentions, may influence the transition from suicidal thoughts to behaviors. Research on suicide-specific rumination has been hindered by the lack of an independent measurement tool. This article presents the development and validation of a self-report measure of suicide-specific rumination across several samples with lifetime suicidal ideation (Sample 1: N = 494 students; Sample 2: N = 219 community members; Sample 3: N = 128 adults at high risk for suicide). The Suicide Rumination Scale (SRS) item pool was reduced from a pool of 41 items to 8 items that are highly discriminant and of varying levels of difficulty. The SRS demonstrated measurement invariance, convergent validity, and nonredundancy with related measures. Importantly, the SRS differentiated suicide attempters from ideators, suggesting its potential clinical relevance. Overall, these findings suggest that the SRS is a valid and incrementally useful measure of suicide-specific rumination.
Evaluating Noncooperative Detect-and-Avoid Well Clear Definitions with Alerting Performance and Surveillance Requirement

A detect-and-avoid system serves as a critical component for unmanned aircraft systems to remain “well clear” from and avoid collisions with other aircraft to operate in the National Airspace Syste...
Le désir de normalité. Quelle qualité de vie pour les personnes porteuses de handicap cognitif sévère

Resume Dans ce texte, l’auteur s’interroge sur les relations entre la maniere de definir ce qu’est une vie bonne et le concept de normalite. Ancrant sa reflexion philosophique dans son experience personnelle, celle d’une fille de parents juifs ayant survecu a l’Holocauste, puis celle de mere d’une enfant atteinte d’un handicap cognitif severe, elle montre que les relations entre la normalite et la vie bonne sont complexes. Etre identifie comme normal semble en effet constituer une condition de la vie bonne, comme en atteste le desir de normalite qui habite la plupart d’entre nous. Pourtant, l’experience du handicap revele qu’une vie heureuse est possible en marge des normes dominantes, et conduit a repenser a la fois la normalite et la vie bonne. L’auteur invite ainsi a ressaisir la normalite a partir des processus de construction des normes, de maniere a favoriser la constitution de normes alternatives. Quant a l’idee de vie bonne, elle souligne qu’elle doit etre pensee au pluriel et que, pour des etres relationnels, elle ne saurait se resumer a l’idee d’une vie rationnelle, raisonnable ou performante, et repose bien davantage sur la capacite a etre et a nouer des relations.
Protein-carbohydrate interaction , : VI. Isolation of concanavalin a by specific adsorption on cross-linked dextran gels

1. 1.|A new method is described for the isolation and purification of concanavalin A based on its specific adsorption on cross-linked dextran gels and subsequent displacement with d-glucose. 2. 2.|The yield of concanavalin A by this method is approx. 2.0–2.4 g/100 g jack bean meal. The chromatographic recovery is of the order of 94%. 3. 3.|Concanavalin A obtained by this procedure is approx. 98% precipitable with dextran NRRL B-1355-S. 4. 4.|(NH4)2SO4 fractionation of a saline extract of jack bean meal showed the maximum localization of concanavalin A activity to be in the fraction precipitated between 0.50 and 0.60 saturation of (NH4)2SO4. 5. 5.|The nature and specificity of binding of concanavalin A to cross-linked dextran gels have been shown to be generally similar to that of concanavalin A-polysaccharide interaction by demonstrating the reversal of the binding and subsequent elution of the protein from Sephadex G-50 with the same low molecular weight carbohydrates which inhibit concanavalin A-polysaccharide interaction.
Ageism in Mental Health and Health Care: A Critical Review

Discussions of aging and mental health widely assume that ageism among mental health providers is an important factor limiting access to mental health services for older adults. Given the widespread citation of ageism as a problem, we critically review the history of the ageism construct, and evidence for its existence in both mental health and medical professionals. There is surprisingly little empirical evidence for age bias among mental health providers. Considerable evidence does suggest differential medical treatment for older adults in such diverse areas as physician–patient interaction, use of screening procedures, and treatment of varied medical problems, although it is unclear whether age bias accounts for these differences. We suggest that innovations in delivery of psychological services, such as collaborative medical/psychological care in primary care settings, may ultimately prove more useful in improving access to mental health services than efforts to combat ageism.
Long-path photometry in clinical analysis

Abstract The diphenylcarbazide method for determining chromium in biological material was reinvestigated and scaled down to require only 0.2 ml (or 0.2 g) of sample. The samples are digested at 300 °C within 1 hr by a mixture of concentrated sulfuric, nitric, and perchloric acids in a volume ratio 75:15:10. Chromium is oxidized to dichromate with permanganate and the excess of the latter is destroyed by azide. The color reagent is added and the absorbance is measured in a 20-cm long-path microcell requiring less than 0.3 ml of solution. Results on serum pools shown a standard deviation of about ±1.1 ng of Cr/ml of serum for contents in the range of 25 ng/ml. The results compare very favorable with those obtained by flameless atomic absorption. The determinations can be made by using a simple, dedicated photometer consisting of the long-path cell with a green LED attached to one window and a phototransistor to the other and needing only very simple circuits and low battery power.
Radio Observations of HD 193793

Radio observations of the Wolf-Rayet star HD 193793 are presented. Most of the observations were made during a large outburst in the infrared. The radio observations are consistent with the suggestion that a circumstellar dust shell recently formed.
The Social Skill Preferences of Tax Professionals in CPA Firms: A FIRO-B Analysis

The social interaction preferences of tax professionals working in U.S. accounting firms are analyzed and compared with other public accounting firm personnel. Social skill preferences are analyzed using the FIRO-B methodology which has been widely validated and applied to accounting professionals. Considering the high cost of turnover and the nominal cost of using the FIRO-B instrument, it makes sense for businesses and educational institutions to use FIRO-B analysis as an aid in counseling, training, and assisting individuals entering the accounting profession. The findings of this study indicate that tax professionals have significantly higher social interaction preferences than other accounting professionals employed in public accounting. This makes sense in light of the demands put on tax accountants to work with a wide range of other professionals within, and external to, the firm.
Limb congestion enhances the synchronization of sympathetic outflow with muscle contraction

In this report, we examined if the synchronization of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) with muscle contraction is enhanced by limb congestion. To explore this relationship, we applied signal-averaging techniques to the MSNA signal obtained during short bouts of forearm contraction (2-s contraction/3-s rest cycle) at 40% maximal voluntary contraction for 5 min. We performed this analysis before and after forearm venous congestion; an intervention that augments the autonomic response to sustained static muscle contractions via a local effect on muscle afferents. There was an increased percentage of the MSNA noted during second 2 of the 5-s contraction/rest cycles. The percentage of total MSNA seen during this particular second increased from minute 1 to 5 of contraction and was increased further by limb congestion (control minute 1 = 25.6 +/- 2.0%, minute 5 = 32.8 +/- 2.2%; limb congestion minute 1 = 29.3 +/- 2.1%, minute 5 = 37.8 +/- 3.9%; exercise main effect <0.005; limb congestion main effect P = 0.054). These changes in the distribution of signal-averaged MSNA were seen despite the fact that the mean number of sympathetic discharges did not increase over baseline. We conclude that synchronization of contraction and MSNA is seen during short repetitive bouts of handgrip. The sensitizing effect of contraction time and limb congestion are apparently due to feedback from muscle afferents within the exercising muscle.
Spectroscopic Properties Obtained from Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT)

This article summarizes basic aspects of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and its applications in inorganic chemistry. Sections titled TD-DFT and Spectroscopic Properties outline some of the theoretical formalism and explain how excitation energies can be obtained from TD-DFT linear response theory. Common approximations in density functional theory (DFT) exchange-correlation (XC) potentials that might have adverse effects on the accuracy of computed results are explained. Sections titled Benchmark Data and Some Case Studies discuss a number of case studies, with emphasis on TD-DFT excitation spectra computations in coordination chemistry. Computations of spectra and other properties of metals clusters are also discussed. Apart from excitation spectra, this section also describes TD-DFT computations of Raman intensities (including resonance Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectra (SERS)), magnetic circular dichroism, optical rotatory dispersion (CD and ORD), and concludes with some comments on relativistic effects. Keywords: quantum theory; density functional theory (DFT); time-dependent DFT; response theory; excitation spectra; polarizability; circular dichroism; magnetic circular dichroism; optical rotation; Raman spectra; metal clusters; metal complexes
The Role of Necroptosis in Burn Injury Progression in a Rat Comb Burn Model.

Objectives Progression of cell death after burn injury may occur by one of three mechanisms: passive necrosis, apoptosis, and programmed necroptosis that requires the receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIP-3). The hypothesis was that RIP-3 is present in normal and burned skin; that necroptosis plays a role in burn injury progression; and that treatment with necrostatin-1, an inhibitor of necroptosis, would reduce burn progression. Methods Skin specimens from rats were examined for the presence of RIP-3. Using a 150-g brass comb preheated to 100°C, we created two comb burns (one on each side) consisting of four rectangular burns, separated by three unburned interspaces, on both sides of the backs of anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (240 to 300 g). The interspaces represent the ischemic zones surrounding the central necrotic core. Left untreated, these areas undergo necrosis. In the first experiment, 10 rats each were randomized to 1.65 mg/kg necrostatin-1 or control given by intraperitoneal injection 1 hour after injury. In the second experiment, 10 rats each were randomized to two intravenous injections of 1.65 mg/kg necrostatin-1 or its vehicle at 1 and 4 hours after injury. The primary outcome was the percentage of interspaces undergoing necrosis within 7 days of injury. Binary data were compared with chi-square or Fishers’ exact tests. Results All normal and burned skin specimens from rats stained positive for RIP-3. In the first experiment, nearly all unburned interspaces in both the experimental and the control rats underwent necrosis (47 of 48, 97.9% vs. 48 of 48, 100%; p = not significant [NS]). Similarly, in the second experiment, there was no difference in the percentage of unburned interspaces undergoing necrosis within 7 days of injury in rats treated with two doses of necrostatin-1 or the control vehicle (46 of 48, 95.8% vs. 48 of 48, 100%; p = NS). There were no wound infections noted in rats injected with necrostatin-1. Conclusions The skin of rats contains RIP-3 necessary for necroptosis. Injection of rats with either a single intraperitoneal dose or two intravenous doses of necrostatin-1 failed to reduce burn injury progression in a rat comb burn model. This may be due to inactivity of necrostatin-1 or the lack of a role of necroptosis in burn injury progression in the rat comb burn model.
Numerical Simulations of a Wingtip Vortex in the Near Field

We investigate the accuracy of current state-of-the-art turbulence models and a compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver in computing the formation of a wingtip vortex in the near field. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solvers used in this investigation are the NPARC WIND 5.0 and Wind-US 1.0 codes. The turbulence models explored are the standard Spalart-Allmaras model, the Spalart-Allmaras model with correction for system rotation and streamline curvature, the Menter shear stress transport model, and the Rumsey-Gatski explicit algebraic stress model. Additionally, we study how solution accuracy is affected by using higher-order numerical schemes as opposed to more grid points. Accuracy is assessed by comparing the results of the wingtip-vortex computations with the data of a reliable, thorough experiment. The solutions obtained using a fifth-order-accurate numerical scheme show that the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model with corrections for rotation and streamline curvature predicts the mean flow most accurately. However, we find that within the vortex, none of the turbulence models explored accurately captures the magnitudes of the turbulence quantities or the lag of the Reynolds stress components behind the corresponding strain-rate components.
Work in progress — Future engineering professors' conceptions of learning and teaching engineering

Prior studies indicate a teacher's conceptions of teaching influences teaching practice. Although there is abundant research on teachers' conceptions of teaching and students' conceptions of learning, there is a dearth of information on future engineering professors' conceptions. The development of conceptions of learning and teaching is not well understood either. This work-in-progress paper presents a study exploring future engineering professors' conceptions of learning and teaching engineering. The study also explores what these future professors describe as the reasons for those conceptions. For this study, future engineering professors are defined as doctoral students in engineering programs who intend to pursue teaching careers in higher education. These students' conceptions are explored through semi-structured interviews. Phenomenographic methods are used to identify variations in conceptions of learning and teaching engineering. Understanding these conceptions can help educators and faculty developers facilitate the development of more complex and appropriate conceptions of learning and teaching.
Excitatory amino acid recognition sites coupled with inositol phospholipid metabolism: Developmental changes and interaction with α1-adrenoceptors

Glutamate, aspartate, ibotenate, and quisqualate activate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in hippocampal slices prepared from brains of 6- to 8-day-old rats. The stimulation by glutamate and aspartate progressively declines during postnatal development and is negligible after the 24th day of life. In contrast, the stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by norepinephrine is low in hippocampal slices from newborn animals and increases during development, reaching mature values after the 35th day of life. In adult hippocampal slices, the stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis elicited by norepinephrine is inhibited by glutamate in a concentration-dependent fashion. This inhibition can also be brought about by aspartate, 2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate, and L-phosphoserine, a product of endogenous phosphatidylserine hydrolysis.
(Hydroxyimino)Phosphonoacetic Acids: Synthesis, Stereochemistry and Reactivity

Abstract Individual E/Z isomers of the C-methyl ester 1 of α-(hydroxyimino)phosphonoacetic acid (“troika acid”) were recently prepared as dicyclohexylammonium salts and found to be stable at neutral pH.1 On alkaline demethylation followed by pH adjustment to 6–7, E−1 and Z−1 stereospecifically undergo P-Cαand Cα-Cβ cleavage, respectively.1 Herein we report synthesis of the corresponding P-methyl ester from trimethyl phos-phonoacetate 2. The product was isolated as its bis-DCHA+ salt E-3, with stereochemistry assigned by NMR.2
Wachstum und Epitaxie von d‐Campher auf anorganischen Trägerkristallen

Die Ergebnisse von Wachstumsversuchen mit d-Campherkristallen aus Losungen und aus der Dampfphase werden mitgeteilt und die apparativen Voraussetzungen fur die Durchfuhrung der Aufwachsungsversuche auf anorganischen Tragerkristallen behandelt. Gesetzmasige Aufwachsungen von d-Campher auf (0001)-Graphit, (010)-Gips, (0001)-Arsen, (0001)-Molybdanit, (1011)-Calcit, (001)-Biotit und (001)-Muskovit konnten erzielt werden. Auf Versuche mit negativen Resultaten wird kurz hingewiesen. Die beobachteten Orientierungsgesetze werden auf Grund gittermetrischer Affinitatsrelationen diskutiert. Eine Reihe von Erscheinungen kann mit Hilfe der kinetischen Theorie der Epitaxie gedeutet werden. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf einen neuen Asymmetrieeffekt gerichtet, der bei den Aufwachsungen von d-Campher auf Calcit, Molybdanit und Biotit zum Ausdruck kommt. Es handelt sich dabei um Aufwachsungen, die jeweils zwei spiegelbildlich einander zugeordnete Stellungen zulassen. Die beiden Stellungen der aufgewachsenen d-Campherkristalle werden eindeutig nicht mit derselben Haufigkeit realisiert. Die Deutung dieses Effektes ergibt sich folgerichtig unter Berucksichtigung der Vorstellung einer „asymmetrischen” Adsorption aus der kinetischen Theorie. Oriented deposition of d-camphor on (000l)-graphite, (010)-gypsum, (0001)-arsenic,(0001)-molybdenite, (l011)-calcite, (001)-biotite and (001)-muscovite has been achieved. In the case of calcite, molybdenite and biotite, enantiomorphic adsorption occurs. The observed effects are dicussed with application of the kinetic theory of epitaxy.