cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
O sertão nao virou mar : Images of Violence and the Position of the Spectator in Contemporary Brazilian Cinema

Let us imagine the following real scene: we are inside the latest modern cinema, in a well-to-do Rio de Janeiro neighborhood. On the screen, they are showing a recent film by Jose Padilha, Elite Squad (2007), winner of the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival in 2008. This film, a work of fiction, narrates in the first person the daily vicissitudes of Captain Nascimento, a member of BOPE, the special squad of Rio’s military police with responsibility for tackling the city’s narcotics trade. The protagonist is played by Wagner Moura, a much loved actor in Brazil, and the film portrays the difficulties of his job. Although the film presents a fictional narrative, its proximity to reality is undeniable,1 since similar events occur every day in Rio de Janeiro, even just a few meters away from this same cinema. Indeed, the film has a quasi-documentary origin: the detailed facts about BOPE and its operations are taken from the book Elite da tropa, which was written by sociologist Luiz Eduardo Soares and two former captains of the special force.2 As the story unfolds, the film takes the point of view of captain Nascimento, revealing in explicit detail the cruelty with which this military body operates in heart of the city, as well as the cruelty of the drug traffickers. The violence resulting from the confrontations between these two groups invades the screen.
Energy-Constrained Coordination of Multi-Robot Teams

This paper discusses the problem of making multiple robots coordinate their movements subject to energy constraints imposed by their available battery levels. This problem is instantiated in the context of energy-aware rendezvous, whereby a collection of mobile robots must decide where and when to meet, with the objective of doing so in the least amount of time, given varying available initial battery levels. As the movements of the individual robots directly affect their energy consumption, the robots must coordinate their movements in such a way that they do not run out of energy prior to the completion of the task. This problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the constraints themselves result from a lower-level optimal control problem that ensures that all of the robots have nonnegative battery levels when they meet. The energy-constrained coordination problem is solved in a distributed manner and is implemented on a team of differential-drive mobile robots.
ATGC database and ATGC-COGs: an updated resource for micro- and macro-evolutionary studies of prokaryotic genomes and protein family annotation

The Alignable Tight Genomic Clusters (ATGCs) database is a collection of closely related bacterial and archaeal genomes that provides several tools to aid research into evolutionary processes in the microbial world. Each ATGC is a taxonomy-independent cluster of 2 or more completely sequenced genomes that meet the objective criteria of a high degree of local gene order (synteny) and a small number of synonymous substitutions in the protein-coding genes. As such, each ATGC is suited for analysis of microevolutionary variations within a cohesive group of organisms (e.g. species), whereas the entire collection of ATGCs is useful for macroevolutionary studies. The ATGC database includes many forms of pre-computed data, in particular ATGC-COGs (Clusters of Orthologous Genes), multiple sequence alignments, a set of 'index' orthologs representing the most well-conserved members of each ATGC-COG, the phylogenetic tree of the organisms within each ATGC, etc. Although the ATGC database contains several million proteins from thousands of genomes organized into hundreds of clusters (roughly a 4-fold increase since the last version of the ATGC database), it is now built with completely automated methods and will be regularly updated following new releases of the NCBI RefSeq database. The ATGC database is hosted jointly at the University of Iowa at dmk-brain.ecn.uiowa.edu/ATGC/ and the NCBI at ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/kristensen/ATGC/atgc_home.html.
Naturally Occurring Fc-Dependent Antibody From HIV-Seronegative Individuals Promotes HIV-Induced IFN-α Production

A majority of adults without HIV infection and with a low risk of HIV-exposure have plasma IgG antibodies that enhance the rate and magnitude of HIV-induced interferon alpha (IFN-α) production. Fc-dependent IgG-HIV complexes induce IFN-α rapidly and in high titers in response to HIV concentrations that are too low to otherwise stimulate an effective IFN-α response. IFN-α promoting antibody (IPA) counters HIV-specific inhibition of IFN-α production, and compensates for the inherent delay in IFN-α production common to HIV infection and other viruses. Naturally occurring IPA has the potential to initiate a potent IFN-α response early in the course of HIV mucosal invasion in time to terminate infection prior to the creation of a pool of persistently infected cells. The current study adds IPA as a mediator of an Fc-dependent antiviral state capable of preventing HIV infection.
Managing Endovascular Inventory

Complex endovascular procedures require the availability of a robust endovascular inventory that needs to be maintained and updated while minimizing cost and waist. The endovascular coordinator plays an essential role in the process and has the primary responsibility for maintaining the inventory up to date, re-ordering used or expired devices, contacting manufacturing companies, and bringing novel developments to the attention of physicians. One cannot emphasize enough the importance of the coordinator who needs to be familiar with specific indications and characteristics of a wide range of balloons, catheters, stents, and stent-grafts. A physician should serve as liaison for group practices and communicate constantly with the coordinator to assure that the inventory is properly renewed by eliminating devices that are not being utilized, and by bringing to the practice novel developments that may be of benefit to patients. In order to minimize cost, a policy of consignment is ideal whenever possible. Color coding of devices by price has helped ancillary staff to avoid costly devices. This chapter outlines important aspects of managing endovascular inventory for complex endovascular procedures.
Abstract 14396: Characterizing Pulse Deficits in Atrial Fibrillation Using Simple ECG Features

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation can cause pulse deficits, or absence of a pulse wave following ventricular depolarization. We sought to characterize pulse deficits based on ECG features and corre...
Secondary teachers’ experiences with students with disabilities: examining the global landscape

This study contributes to the international conversation about the education for students with disabilities at the secondary level by providing some international data about secondary teachers’ tra...
Uncertainty and Quality of Life in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-sectional Study.

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore relationships among health status, uncertainty, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Design The study was a Web-based quantitative study using a predictive correlational design, with nonprobability, convenience sampling. Sample Adults (n = 196) with SLE living in 31 U.S. states and Puerto Rico participated in the study. Methods Online data were collected from three regional and one national lupus organization. A correlational design determined relationships among uncertainty, health status, and HRQOL. Regression analysis was completed to identify variations in HRQOL. Demographics were described. Results As predicted, inverse relationships occurred between HRQOL and uncertainty, and between mental health and uncertainty. Mental health correlated positively with HRQOL. Physical health correlated with lower HRQOL and higher uncertainty level. Health status plus uncertainty predicted variation in HRQOL. Conclusions Findings support use of Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory for exploring factors related to HRQOL in adults with SLE and for designing theory-based interventions such as support groups and coping strategies. Clinical relevance Decreasing uncertainty through education, social support, improvement in health status, and health literacy can positively impact HRQOL in adults with SLE.
Moving during Adolescence and Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Social Support.

Sociological research has demonstrated a link between moving during adolescence and depressive symptoms. In addition, research has documented an inverse association between social support and depressive symptoms. One of the consequences of moving during adolescence is the disruption of social support systems. This suggests that social support may play an important role in the link between moving in adolescence and depressive symptoms, but few studies have explored this possibility. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and using structural equation models to address measurement error and test mediation, this study finds indirect effects of moving in adolescence on depressive symptoms via certain domains of social support—social support from parents and other adults. Results indicate that the role of social support from teachers and other adults in the link between moving and depressive symptoms merits further investigation.
Sentence recognition in noise: The interplay between talker intelligibility, familiarity, and linguistic complexity

Foreign-accented speech recognition is typically tested with linguistically simple sentences, which offer a limited window into speech processing. In this study, participants transcribed simple (i.e. mono-clausal, canonical declarative syntax) and complex (i.e. multi-clausal, non-canonical syntax, and/or passive voice) sentences in noise at two signal-to-noise ratios. The sentences were spoken by three talkers: one native, one high and one low intelligibility L2 English speaker. Unsurprisingly, recognition accuracy dropped with decreasing intelligibility and signal-to-noise ratio. Interestingly, accuracy dropped with increasing linguistic complexity only for the native and high intelligibility talkers. For the low intelligibility talker, sentence complexity did not affect recognition accuracy. This pattern of findings was present in mixed and blocked experimental designs, indicating no effect of familiarity with the talker. We argue that listeners employ qualitatively different speech processing strategies for low versus high intelligibility talkers, and suggest that this difference may be driven by the talker’s realization of prosodic structure. While native and high intelligibility talkers effectively encode the contrast between complex and simple sentences, low intelligibility talkers may not convey sufficient prosodic information, resulting in the recognition of both sentence types as non-hierarchically organized word sequences. [Work supported by Knowles Hearing Center, NIH grants R01-DC012289 and R01-DC005794.]
Impacts of pH and Intermolecular Interactions on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Chemical Enhancements

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface sensitive technique that reveals information regarding molecular adsorption driving forces at nanoparticles surfaces. While the plasmonic properties of SERS substrates provide the largest signal enhancements, chemical enhancement mechanisms are more sensitive to molecular adsorption and intermolecular interactions. Herein, gold coated silver nanoparticles that are stabilized inside microporous silica membranes are used for monitoring short-range chemical enhancement effects. First, the silica membrane provides plasmonic stability while also facilitating kinetic measurements so that impacts of molecular protonation, molecule–molecule interactions, molecule–silica interactions, and molecule–Au interactions can be identified. To do this, the vibrational frequencies of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) are monitored as a function of time and pH. Applying Fick’s second law to time-dependent responses reveals that molecular flux decreases with increasing pH. SE...
Calculation of the Lij transport coefficients for NaCl-MgCl2-H2O at 25°C

Abstract Diffusion coefficients of the system NaCl-MgCl2-H2O have been measured at 25°C over the accessible concentration ranges of both solutes. From these data the phenomenological coefficients, (Lij)o for the solvent-fixed frame of reference have been calculated. Results demonstrate the validity of the Onsager Reciprocal Relations for the mixtures of different valence types.
Integrated Full-Hemisphere Space-to-Frequency Mapping Antenna With CRLH Stripline Feed Network

A planar 2-D antenna array capable of mapping a full-hemisphere space to frequencies around 6 GHz is presented. It was designed using composite right-/left-handed transmission lines for the series feed network as well as for the radiating elements, thus achieving size reduction and beam steering control simplification compared to other approaches. Stripline fabrication technology is utilized to eliminate the undesired feed network radiation. A via-less unit cell reduces sensitivity to via misplacement. The result is an antenna that can be used for radar or imaging applications with the appropriate transmit/receive circuitry. Validation is provided by pattern measurements and successful detection of reflective targets.
Open architecture time-of-flight imaging leveraging highly efficient large area modulators

Modern time-of-flight (TOF) cameras have improved to the point that with their current level of performance they are already being highly sought after in industrial, scientific, and commercial settings. Despite recent advances, TOF cameras still suffer from relatively low depth resolution, poor outdoor performance, low lateral resolution and a high cost of development. To date the most ubiquitous TOF systems have been on chip solutions such as photon mixing devices (PMD). Currently these devices only operate in the visible band and face significant challenges in improving illumination power, and modulation frequency. Here we propose a new approach to TOF imaging using an open architecture (OA) design where the demodulation and signal collection elements of the system have been operationally and spatially isolated. The design relies heavily on a novel stepped quantum well (SQW) large area modulator. The SQW is placed in the beam path between the collection optics and the imager (camera sensor). An open architecture approach allows for a modular TOF system where the imager can be freely chosen to match any application specific needs. Decoupling of the imager and demodulation stage of the system allows for a significantly higher modulation frequency and lateral resolution than what can be found in standard PMD devices. Additionally, the development cost of such a TOF system is significantly reduced. By analyzing the energy expenditure per bit, we show that our approach is fundamentally very efficient. We compute the energy per bit of our current short wavelength IR OA-TOF system to be 28 nJ up to 4 meters with a depth uncertainty below 1 percent of the imaging distance. We also show that a currently in development near IR version of the OA-TOF system can yield energy per bit values below 2 nJ, which is 10 times lower than the Kinect 2.
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2019 Report Chapter 8: Indicators and Monitoring

The Indicators and Monitoring chapter of the first New York City Panel on Climate Change Report began with the paradigm: What cannot be measured cannot be managed (Rosenzweig et al., 2010). This statement is as valid today as it was then.The NPCC1 (2010) Indicators and Monitoring chapter addressed the need for assembling a suite of indicators to monitor climate change and adaptation in order to inform climate change decision making. It outlined criteria for selection of indicators (policy relevance, analytic soundness, measurability), defined categories of indicators (physical climate change; risk exposure, vulnerability, and impacts; adaptation; new research), and provided examples of specific indicators. Table 8.1 is a summary table of indicator development contribution from the NPCC1 I&M chapter (Jacob et al., 2011). The chapter explored the institutional requirements for indicator data availability, continuity, archiving, and public accessibility.
Connie L. Scarborough. Viewing Disability in Medieval Spanish Texts: Disgraced or Graced. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. 229 pp., hardcover. $130,00.

Viewing Disability in Medieval Spanish Texts: Disgraced or Graced is a pioneering and detailed examination from the approach of disability studies of medieval Spanish representation of disability. ...
Understanding Socio-Technical Issues Affecting the Current Microgravity Research Marketplace

For decades, the International Space Station (ISS) has operated as a bastion of international cooperation and a unique testbed for microgravity research. Beyond enabling insights into human physiology in space, the ISS has served as a microgravity platform for numerous science experiments. In recent years, private industry has also been affiliating with NASA and international partners to offer transportation, logistics management, and payload demands. The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS), which manages the ISS U.S. National Laboratory, has developed a diverse portfolio of private, public, international, and outreach projects. As the costs of flying projects to the ISS decrease, the barriers limiting non-traditional partners from accessing the ISS as a platform also decrease. However, the ISS in its current form cannot be sustained forever. As NASA looks towards commercialization of the low Earth orbit (LEO) space and the development of a cislunar station, concrete plans for shifting the public-private relationship of the ISS are unclear. With the consistent need to continue microgravity research - from governments and private industry - understanding the socio-technical and policy issues that affect the marketplace for future microgravity platforms is essential to maintaining an accessible and sustainable space economy. How will the U.S. and other governments design public-private partnerships to pursue economic and social goals in the LEO microgravity ecosystem? What governance structures will influence who is eligible to operate platforms for activities including tourism, research, manufacturing and outreach? How will international collaboration occur in the future LEO microgravity ecosystem? This paper presents a review of the current microgravity research ecosystem with a focus on potential future marketplace dynamics.
The mitophagy receptor Bcl-2–like protein 13 stimulates adipogenesis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis in mice

Metabolic programming of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could influence the function of progenitor osteoblasts or adipocytes and hence determine skeletal phenotypes. Adipocytes predominantly utilize oxidative phosphorylation, whereas osteoblasts use glycolysis to meet ATP demand. Here, we compared progenitor differentiation from the marrow of two inbred mouse strains, C3H/HeJ (C3H) and C57BL6J (B6). These strains differ in both skeletal mass and bone marrow adiposity. We hypothesized that genetic regulation of metabolic programs controls skeletal stem cell fate. Our experiments identified Bcl-2–like protein 13 (Bcl2l13), a mitochondrial mitophagy receptor, as being critical for adipogenic differentiation. We also found that Bcl2l13 is differentially expressed in the two mouse strains, with C3H adipocyte progenitor differentiation being accompanied by a >2-fold increase in Bcl2l13 levels relative to B6 marrow adipocytes. Bcl2l13 expression also increased during adipogenic differentiation in mouse ear mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs) and the murine preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1. The higher Bcl2l13 expression correlated with increased mitochondrial fusion and biogenesis. Importantly, Bcl2l13 knockdown significantly impaired adipocyte differentiation in both 3T3-L1 cells and eMSCs. Mechanistically, Bcl2l13 knockdown reprogrammed cells to rely more on glycolysis to meet ATP demand in the face of impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Bcl2l13 knockdown in eMSCs increased mitophagy. Moreover, Bcl2l13 prevented apoptosis during adipogenesis. Our findings indicate that the mitochondrial receptor Bcl2l13 promotes adipogenesis by increasing oxidative phosphorylation, suppressing apoptosis, and providing mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy. We conclude that genetic programming of metabolism may be important for lineage determination and cell function within the bone marrow.
Manganese oxidation as the origin of the anomalous capacity of Mn-containing Li-excess cathode materials

The lithium-excess manganese oxides are a candidate cathode material for the next generation of Li-ion batteries because of their ability to reversibly intercalate more Li than traditional cathode materials. Although reversible oxidation of lattice oxygen has been proposed as the origin of this anomalous excess capacity, questions about the underlying electrochemical reaction mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we critically analyse the O2−/O− oxygen redox hypothesis and explore alternative explanations for the origin of the anomalous capacity, including the formation of peroxide ions or trapped oxygen molecules and the oxidation of Mn. First-principles calculations motivated by the Li–Mn–O phase diagram show that the electrochemical behaviour of the Li-excess manganese oxides is thermodynamically consistent with the oxidation of Mn from the +4 oxidation state to the +7 oxidation state and the concomitant migration of Mn from octahedral sites to tetrahedral sites. It is shown that the Mn oxidation hypothesis can explain the poorly understood electrochemical behaviour of Li-excess materials, including the activation step, the voltage hysteresis and voltage fade. Reversible anion redox is widely accepted as the origin for the extra capacity of Li-excess cathode materials. Here, the authors analyse the literature and theorize that the oxidation of Mn beyond the +4 state could be responsible for the extra capacity of Li-excess Mn oxides.
Diminished self-concept and social exclusion: Disparagement humor from the target’s perspective

Two experiments (Total N = 393) demonstrated that disparagement humor can trigger a social identity threat for members of the targeted group resulting in perceptions of a diminished possible self a...
The Gradient Perfusion Model Part 3: An extraordinary case of decompression sickness.

Introduction Decompression sickness (DCS) has been associated with unusual circumstances such as breath-hold diving, shallow depths, and short bottom times. We report a case of DCS with an extraordinary cause and course. Materials and Methods A 72-year-old healthy Hispanic female was referred to our 24/7 Hyperbaric Medicine Unit for emergency hyperbaric oxygen recompression treatment (HBO2 RCT) after developing lower-extremity paralysis following a hyperbaric air exposure in a homemade hyperbaric chamber. Results After an uneventful exposure to hyperbaric air at a maximum 72-foot depth (3.2 ATA, 32.3 psig), the patient had the delayed onset of abdominal pain and paraplegia after eating a meal. After HBO2 RCT in accordance with our management algorithm, the patient had a full recovery. Conclusions This patient's presentation and course corresponded to what we label as "disordered decompression" and conformed to our Gradient Perfusion Model. With a finite blood volume and the need to perfuse two "intermediate" tissues simultaneously, we postulate that a "steal" syndrome arose to cause the abdominal and paralysis symptoms.
Srinivasa Ramanujan and signal-processing problems

The Ramanujan sum cq(n) has been used by mathematicians to derive many important infinite series expansions for arithmetic-functions in number theory. Interestingly, this sum has many properties wh...
Relaxing the Proportionality Assumption in Latent Basis Models for Nonlinear Growth

Change over time is frequently nonlinear, which can present unique statistical challenges. Generally, different approaches for nonlinear growth engage in a tradeoff between interpretable parameters...
Clinical management of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women

Menopause is characterized by permanent cessation of menstrual periods and is clinically diagnosed after 12 months of complete amenorrhea. It occurs at a median age of 51 years alongside the physio...
Graduate Occupational Therapy Students: Communication and Research Preferences from Three University Libraries

Library liaisons from three universities distributed an anonymous survey to graduate occupational therapy students to gauge preferred methods of communication when conducting research. This article...
Identifying the Thermal Parameters and Controlling the Temperature of a High-Altitude Balloon Payload

This paper describes the lumped-parameter modeling, identification, and control of the payload temperature inside a high-altitude balloon gondola. Experimental methods for identifying the lumped thermal resistance and thermal capacitance at the launch-altitude and at high-altitude are described. Utilizing the identified values, both a pressureindependent model and a pressure-dependent model are formulated. With knowledge of the thermal resistance, a bang-off control system is sized to keep the payload temperature above a prescribed limit. Both of the closed-loop models are validated with recorded flight data.
Black Hair Everywhere

On Scandal, Kerry Washington starred as Olivia Pope. She is a political “fixer” who-in the early seasons of the show-happened to be having an affair with the President of the United States...
A Mechanistic Study of the Multiple Roles of Oleic Acid in the Oil-Phase Synthesis of Pt Nanocrystals

Oleic acid (OAc) is commonly used as a surfactant and/or solvent for the oil-phase synthesis of metal nanocrystals but its explicit roles are yet to be resolved. Here, we report a systematic study of this problem by focusing on a synthesis that simply involves heating of Pt(acac)2 in OAc for the generation of Pt nanocrystals. When heated at 80 °C, the ligand exchange between Pt(acac)2 and OAc leads to the formation of a PtII -oleate complex that serves as the actual precursor to Pt atoms. Upon increasing the temperature to 120 °C, the decarbonylation of OAc produces CO, which can act as a reducing agent for the generation of Pt atoms and thus formation of nuclei. Afterwards, several catalytic reactions can take place on the surface of the Pt nuclei to produce more CO, which also serves as a capping agent for the formation of Pt nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets. The emergence of Pt nanocrystals further promotes the autocatalytic surface reduction of PtII precursor to enable the continuation of growth. This work not only elucidates the critical roles of OAc at different stages in a synthesis of Pt nanocrystals, but also represents a pivotal step forward toward the rational synthesis of metal nanocrystals.
Design of microwave broadband CMOS transmitter and receiver circuits for MIR and ECEI plasma diagnostics.

To efficiently determine the plasma electron density fluctuations using the MIR diagnostic technique, a 55–75 GHz 65 nm-CMOS transmitter has been developed where four separate intermediate frequency (IF) signals are up-converted, amplified, and then combined to generate an 8-tone RF output; a broadband 90 nm-CMOS receiver has also been constructed, which consists of an RF-low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, and IF amplifier. The circuits and their corresponding modules will soon be deployed on the DIII-D and NSTX-U fusion devices. A 110–140 GHz 65 nm-CMOS receiver has also been designed, which is suitable for measuring the deep-core temperature fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak using the electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic system. In addition to the RF-LNA/balun, mixer, and IF amplifier, an LO balun/tripler and driving amplifier are now included in this highly integrated circuit chip. By adopting the microwave and millimeter-wave system-on-chip concept in the front-end system design, this paper demonstrates that compact transmitter and receiver modules can be easily built, which, in turn, facilitates array implementation and maintenance.
Semiarid grasslands and extreme precipitation events: do experimental results scale to the landscape?

The frequency and magnitude of deluges (extremely large rain events) are increasing globally as the atmosphere warms. Small-scale experiments suggest that semiarid grasslands are particularly sensitive to both the timing and size of deluge events. However, the assumption that plot-scale results can be extrapolated across landscapes with variable soil textures, plant communities, and grazing regimes has seldom been tested, despite being key to forecasting regional consequences of precipitation extremes. We used precipitation data from an extensive rain gauge network to identify natural deluges (mean size = 60 ± 31 mm, 1984-2012) that occurred across a ˜60-km2 heterogeneous native shortgrass steppe landscape in Colorado. We then related spatial variation in deluge precipitation to postdeluge responses in canopy greenness (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) via satellite imagery. Consistent with results from experiments, this semiarid grassland was most sensitive to mid-growing-season deluges, and postdeluge canopy greenness usually increased linearly (67% of the time) with increasing deluge size. This suggests that aboveground productivity in these semiarid systems will likely increase, rather than asymptote, with forecasted increases in deluge size. Importantly, differences in grazing regime did not significantly alter deluge responses, indicating that these patterns are robust to this widespread management practice.
Analysis of Virtual Versus In-Person Prospective Peer Review Workflow in a Multisite Academic Radiation Oncology Department

Abstract Purpose In radiation oncology, peer review is a process where subjective treatment planning decisions are assessed by those independent of the prescribing physician. Before March 2020, all peer review sessions occurred in person; however due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the peer-review workflow was transitioned from in-person to virtual. We sought to assess any differences between virtual versus in-person prospective peer review. Methods and Materials Patients scheduled to receive nonemergent nonprocedural radiation therapy (RT) were presented daily at prospective peer-review before the start of RT administration. Planning software was used, with critical evaluation of several variables including treatment intent, contour definition, treatment target coverage, and risk to critical structures. A deviation was defined as any suggested plan revision. Results In the study, 274 treatment plans evaluated in-person in 2017 to 2018 were compared with 195 plans evaluated virtually in 2021. There were significant differences in palliative intent (36% vs 22%; P = .002), but not in total time between simulation and the start of treatment (9.2 vs 10.0 days; P = .10). Overall deviations (8.0% in-person vs 2.6% virtual; P = .015) were significantly reduced in virtual peer review. Conclusions Prospective daily peer review of radiation oncology treatment plans can be performed virtually with similar timeliness of patient care compared with in-person peer review. A decrease in deviation rate in the virtual peer review setting will need to be further investigated to determine whether virtual workflow can be considered a standard of care.
Endocrine control of growth

Abstract This chapter describes the regulation of growth by multiple different hormones with a focus on the growth hormone – IGF-1 axis. The endocrine system is regulated by a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and peripheral target tissues. Growth hormone, IGF-1 and several other hormones travel through the circulation to the growth plate to regulate linear growth. Common illnesses, malnutrition, hormone deficiencies and genetic defects can impact linear growth. Assessment of linear growth and potential therapies for children with growth disorders are discussed.
Investigation of the Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite Beams

Previous work at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) involved fabrication and testing of composite beams with embedded, pre-strained shape memory alloy (SMA) ribbons. That study also provided comparison of experimental results with numerical predictions from a research code making use of a new thermoelastic model for shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) structures. The previous work showed qualitative validation of the numerical model. However, deficiencies in the experimental-numerical correlation were noted and hypotheses for the discrepancies were given for further investigation. The goal of this work is to refine the experimental measurement and numerical modeling approaches in order to better understand the discrepancies, improve the correlation between prediction and measurement, and provide rigorous quantitative validation of the numerical model. Thermal buckling, post-buckling, and random responses to thermal and inertial (base acceleration) loads are studied. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured results, thereby quantitatively validating the numerical tool.
A Generalized Forecasting Compensatory Control Strategy and Its Applications in Vibration Control

A generalized Forecasting Compensatory Control (GFCC) strategy is developed using the receding forecasting horizon approach and a simplified i-step ahead forecasting model. The characteristics and robustness of this GFCC algorithm are presented and analyzed. This algorithm has been successfully applied to the vibration control of an experimental beam subjected to impulse as well as random excitations. Both simulation and experimental results show the new GFCC strategy very effective.
PROPERTIES OF A DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID LIGASE MUTANT OF ESCHERICHIA COLI: X- RAY SENSITIVITY.

A deoxyribonucleic acid ligase-deficient mutant is X-ray sensitive relative to the parent strain, suggesting that deoxyribonucleic acid ligase functions in repair of X-ray-induced, single-strand scissions.
Reform Unionism: The National Labor Union

The National Labor Union represented the first attempt to organize a national federation of labor in the United States. The germ of the idea for such a national federation of labor had been planted at the beginning of the Civil War, but it was not until 1866 that plans were set in motion to organize such a body. In February of that year William Harding, the president of the Coachmakers' International Union, met with Willam H. Sylvis, president of the Iron Moulders' International Union. A preliminary meeting called by these two leaders led to the convening of a national labor convention in Baltimore on August 20, 1866. From this modest beginning the National Labor Union quickly rose to a prominent position. The Chicago Tribune in 1869 estimated its membership at 800,000, and Sylvis himself put the figure at 600,000. Both estimates are undoubtedly exaggerated, but it is quite apparent that the organization represented a large proportion of the nation's laboring force and perhaps at its peak strength numbered between 200,000 and 400,000. The decline of the union was almost as spectacular as its rise, and by 1872 it was totally defunct.
Use of cell-free systems to determine P-glycoprotein transmembrane topology.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the application of a cell-free expression system combined with cDNA engineering to dissect the detailed topological folding of P-Glycoprotein (Pgp). The methods described in the chapter help to determine the topogenic sequences in Pgp and identify other factors that control the Pgp topology. This method can also be used to determine the topological folding of other simple membrane proteins. There are two well characterized and frequently used cell-free expression systems, rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) and wheat germ extract (WGE), both supplemented with microsomal membranes (RM) from dog pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The use of these systems determines the topology that is based on the belief that most transmembrane proteins in eukaryotic cells acquire their final membrane topologies during or immediately after synthesis on the rough ER.
On Interpolation by Spline Functions and its Minimal Properties

Polynomials are wonderful even after they are cut into pieces, but the cutting must be done with care. One way of doing the cutting leads to the so-called spline functions. These were introduced by the writer in 1944 as a tool for the approximation of functions and were suggested by the work of T. N.E. Greville and other actuarial writers on the subject of osculatory interpolation (for the connections and references see [8], Part B). The other tool used was the law of the flow of heat in a homogeneous wire and with both tools combined extensive ballistic tables were approximated and thereby smoothed (see [8]). For recent largescale physical applications of cubic spline functions see [6]. The spline functions used in [8] had equidistant knots. In 1945 H. B. Curry and the author wrote a paper on spline functions with arbitrarily spaced knots which for no good reason remained unpublished (see the Abstract [2]). For further work on spline functions and related topics see the list of references which claims no completeness.
Multiple levels of detail environment modeling for radio propagation simulation and prediction

Digital elevation models (DEM) or digital terrain elevation models (DTED) are widely used in radio propagation simulation and prediction. The resolution of DEM's is getting higher and higher with the latest resolution of centimeters generated by LIDAR (light detection and ranging). These high resolution DEM's provide more realistic representation of the environments and will enhance the accuracy of propagation modeling results. But they also have some drawbacks. First, the storage of high resolution DEM's will cost large computer disk space and slowdown the I/O process. Second, not all propagation scenarios need high resolution DEM's depending on the frequency and range. Third, the DEM's do not explicitly have the three dimensional (3D) information about topographic structures, such as ridges, which is physically important in diffracted field calculations. For example, 3D ridges are key contributors of diffracted field in certain mountainous regions. But many widely used and DEM-based methods (e.g., knife-edge models) ignore the 3D features. Our previous work has shown that the orientation and interior angle of a ridge can cause 3dB difference in path loss prediction for a single ridge. For two ridges, the difference is almost doubled.
A Single Amino Acid Change in Subunit 6 of the Yeast Mitochondrial ATPase Suppresses a Null Mutation inATP10

In an earlier study, the ATP10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to code for an inner membrane protein required for assembly of the F0 sector of the mitochondrial ATPase complex (Ackerman, S., and Tzagoloff, A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9952–9959). To gain additional insights into the function of Atp10p, we have analyzed a revertant of an atp10 null mutant that displays partial recovery of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and of respiratory competence. The suppressor mutation in the revertant has been mapped to theOLI2 locus in mitochondrial DNA and shown to be a single base change in the C-terminal coding region of the gene. The mutation results in the substitution of a valine for an alanine at residue 249 of subunit 6 of the ATPase. The ability of the subunit 6 mutation to compensate for the absence of Atp10p implies a functional interaction between the two proteins. Such an interaction is consistent with evidence indicating that the C-terminal region with the site of the mutation and the extramembrane domain of Atp10p are both on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Subunit 6 has been purified from the parental wild type strain, from the atp10 null mutant, and from the revertant. The N-terminal sequences of the three proteins indicated that they all start at Ser11, the normal processing site of the subunit 6 precusor. Mass spectral analysis of the wild type and mutants subunit 6 failed to reveal any substantive difference of the wild type and mutant proteins when the mass of the latter was corrected for Ala → Val mutation. These data argue against a role of Atp10p in post-translational modification of subunit 6. Although post-translational modification of another ATPase subunit interacting with subunit 6 cannot be excluded, a more likely function for Atp10p is that it acts as a subunit 6 chaperone during F0 assembly.
Mathematical modeling and computer simulation spin coating of ferrofluid

An investigation of fluid flow in spin coating a thin film of ferrofluid mixture is reported. The composition of the mixture is determined by the mass concentration of ferromagnetic particles in the ferrofluid. The enrichment of ferromagnetic particle concentration due to evaporation loss of binder fluid affects the material properties of the ferrofluid, resulting in drastic change of flow characteristics. Regarding the inhomogeneous ferrofluid mixture as a continuum, the hydrodynamic equations consist of the continuity and the momentum equations of the ferrofluid. An additional equation of continuity of the concentration of ferromagnetic particles is derived subject to the combined effects of evaporation, diffusion, the centrifugal potential, and the externally applied field. The ferrofluid mixture continues to flow until the ferromagnetic particle concentration reached the saturation concentration, where the fluid becomes effectively rigid, resulting in coating formation. In the absence of applied magnetic field, a computer simulation model for the flow has been established. >
Verification of an analytical method for measuring crystal nucleation rates in glasses from DTA data

A recently proposed analytical (DTA) method for estimating the nucleation rates in glasses has been evaluated by comparing experimental data with numerically computed nucleation rates for a model lithium disilicate glass. The time and temperature dependent nucleation rates were predicted using the model and compared with those values extracted from an analysis of numerically calculated DTA curves. The validity of the numerical approach was demonstrated earlier by a comparison with experimental data. The excellent agreement between the nucleation rates from the model calculations and the computer generated DTA data demonstrates the validity of the proposed analytical DTA method.
The Sealing Properties of Methyl 2-Cyanoacrylate as an Adhesive in Dentistry

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUALE PROPRIETATES IMPERMEABILISATORI DE 2-CYANOACRYLATO METHYLIC USATE COMO AGENTE ADHESIVE IN LE DENTISTERIA.—Le proprietates impermeabilisatori de adhesive 2-cyanoacrylato methylic esseva comparate con illos de varie materiales de cementation que es currentemente usate in le dentisteria. 2-cyanoacrylato methylic, cemento a phosphato de zinc, cemento a oxydo de zinc e eugenol, e cemento Grip esseva usate in cementar applicatos plastic a platte superficies de 36 extrahite dentes human. Per le uso de un dica de cauchu il esseva rendite possibile exponer solo le areas de ligage a un blauastre solution colorante de 0,5 pro cento de eosina durante limitate periodos de tempore e a varie temperaturas. Adhesive 2-cyanoacrylato methylic (monomero Eastman 910) manifestava un capacitate superior de impermeabilisation le qual justificava investigationes additional de iste substantia adhesive. Le resultatos del altere investigationes va esser reportate in tempores veniente.
Survey of octahedral structures AXn and A2Xn

Structures built from octahedral AX 6 groups that share some or all of their X atoms may be classified according to the numbers of octahedra to which the X atoms belong. If v x is the number of X atoms of each AX 6 group in a structure of composition A m X n which are common to xsuch groups (that is, x is the coordination number of X) then hvx — 6 and lL{vx/x) — n/m.The solutions of these equations for any composition AmX^ may be examined systematically. The present survey is restricted to structures in which m = 1 or 2 which can be constructed from regular octahedral AX 6 groups all of which share their X atoms in the same way and have no X-X separations shorter than the edge of an octahedron. A study is made of the types of possible structure, finite, one-, two-, or three-dimensional, and the emphasis is on the topology rather than the geometry of the structures.
A Theory of Open-Source Anarchy

The rise of the importance of non-State actors in global politics challenges existing theories of international relations, and this article presents a new approach to the non-State actor phenomenon by developing a “theory of open-source anarchy.” The article reviews the anarchy problem in the study of international relations and how leading theories explain this problem. This analysis questions whether these leading theories can explain the nature of non-State actor participation in contemporary global affairs. The article then develops a theoretical framework that addresses the non-State actor challenge. The framework argues that the nature of anarchy has shifted from a condition monopolized by States to one in which anarchy has become “open source” and accessible to non-State actors in unprecedented ways. The article explores the relationship between material power and ideas in open-source anarchy to explain the manner in which international relations operate in the early twenty-first century.
Supersymmetry and mass gap in 2 + 1 dimensions: A gauge invariant Hamiltonian analysis

A Hamiltonian formulation of Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theories with $0\ensuremath{\le}\mathcal{N}\ensuremath{\le}4$ supersymmetry in terms of gauge-invariant variables is presented, generalizing earlier work on nonsupersymmetric gauge theories. Special attention is paid to the volume measure of integration (over the gauge orbit space of the fields) which occurs in the inner product for the wave functions and arguments relating it to the renormalization of the Chern-Simons level number and to mass gaps in the spectrum of the Hamiltonians are presented. The expression for the integration measure is consistent with the absence of mass gap for theories with extended supersymmetry (in the absence of additional matter hypermultiplets and/or Chern-Simons couplings), while for the minimally supersymmetric case, there is a mass gap, the scale of which is set by a renormalized level number, in agreement with indications from existing literature. The realization of the supersymmetry algebra and the Hamiltonian in terms of the gauge-invariant variables is also presented.