cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth performance and immune response of channel catfish (Ictalurus puctatus) fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol–acetic acid

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gossypol levels on growth performance, body composition, hematology, immune response and resistance of channel catfish to Edwadsiella ictaluri challenge. A purified basal diet supplemented with 0, 300, 600, 900, 1200 and 1500 mg of gossypol from gossypol–acetic acid was fed to juvenile channel catfish in quadruplicate aquaria to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Final weight gain was inversely related to the concentration of dietary gossypol. Fish fed diets without and with 1500-mg gossypol/kg had significantly highest and lowest weight gain, respectively. Feed intake and feed efficiency were a reflection of weight gain. Survival was not affected by dietary levels of gossypol. Whole body moisture increased whereas lipid decreased with increasing dietary gossypol concentrations. Body protein significantly decreased in fish fed with 1500-mg gossypol diet, but did not differ among fish fed with other diets. Body ash did not differ in fish fed diets containing 0–900-mg gossypol/kg but was significantly higher in fish fed higher levels of dietary gossypol. Gossypol concentration in liver was linearly related (R 2 =0.991) to dietary levels of gossypol. Ratio of (+) to () gossypol isomers in liver of fish fed with different diets was relatively constant. Red blood cell (RBC) count of fish fed with the two highest levels of dietary gossypol (1200 and 1500 mg) was significantly lower than those of fish fed with control diet. Hemoglobin significantly decreased in fish fed with 900 mg or higher gossypol diets. Hematocrit was significantly affected at each incremental level of dietary gossypol of 600 mg/kg or higher. Serum protein did not differ for fish fed with the three lowest dietary levels of gossypol but was significantly reduced at 900 mg or higher gossypol. Macrophage chemotaxis ratio was similar for groups fed diets containing gossypol but was significantly higher than that of fish fed with the control diet. Serum lysozyme activity significantly increased at dietary gossypol levels of 900 mg or
Kinetics and statistical distributions of single-molecule conformational dynamics.

We developed a coarse-grained yet microscopic detailed model to study the statistical fluctuations of single-molecule protein conformational dynamics of adenylate kinase. We explored the underlying conformational energy landscape and found that the system has two basins of attractions, open and closed conformations connected by two separate pathways. The kinetics is found to be nonexponential, consistent with single-molecule conformational dynamics experiments. Furthermore, we found that the statistical distribution of the kinetic times for the conformational transition has a long power law tail, reflecting the exponential density of state of the underlying landscape. We also studied the joint distribution of the two pathways and found memory effects.
Enhancing Student Interest in the Psychology of Aging: An Interview with Susan Krauss Whitbourne

Karen L. Fingerman is an assistant professor of Human Development and Family Studies at Pennsylvania State University. Her research examines positive and negative emotions in lifelong relationships, including mother-daughter ties, grandparent-grandchild relationships, and friendships. She recently received the Springer Award for Early Career Achievement in Research on Adult Development and Aging from Division 20 of the American Psychological Association. She teaches courses in life span development, adult development, and social gerontology. Susan Krauss Whitbourne is a professor of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst; Coordinator of the Office of National Scholarship Advisement in Commonwealth College; the faculty adviser to the Psi Chi Chapter; and Coordinator of the Honors Program in Psychology. She conducts research on identity in adulthood and old age and its relation to physical functioning. A former president of Division 20 of the American Psychological Association, she is curren...
COMPTON SCATTERING BY BOUND ELECTRONS.

Abstract : The deviation in the Compton effect due to the finite binding energy of the atomic electrons was experimentally determined for K-shell electrons of tantalum, gold, and uranium. The differential cross section for scattering of 662 keV photons by K-shell electrons was obtained by measurements of the scattered photons in coincidence with the accompanying K X-ray and compared with the Klein-Nishina cross section for scattering by free electrons. The behavior of the ratio of the two cross section ratios was determined for scattering angles varying from 20 degrees to 70 degrees. The results indicate that the cross section ratio approaches zero as the photon scattering angle decreases to zero, and becomes >1 for scattering angles greater than 40 degrees for Ta and 50 degrees for Au. (Author)
Cell membrane as a model for the design of ion-active nanostructured supramolecular systems.

The synthesis and polymerization of six AB3 tapered self-assembling methacrylate monomers (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 17a, and 17b) based on first generation alkyl substituted benzyl ether monodendrons (i.e., minidendrons) containing oligooxyethylene units at their focal point and the polymerizable group on their periphery are described. The corresponding polymers (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 18a, and 18b) self-assemble and subsequently self-organize in supramolecular networks that form a 2-D hexagonal lattice. This network consists of a continuous phase based on a paraffin barrier material perforated in a hexagonal array by ion-active channels constructed from the oligooxyethylenic units protected by the aromatic groups of the taper. Complexation of the oligooxyethylene channels of 6a−d with LiCF3SO3 salt enhances the thermal stability of their hexagonal columnar (φh) liquid crystalline phase. The enhancement of the thermal stability of the φh phase of both monomers and polymers up to 86 °C is also achieved by shifting the pla...
Lysosomotropic behavior of adrenergic antagonists in interactions with human neutrophils.

Abstract Autonomic neurohormones affect the secretory activity of neutrophils by modulating release of lysosomal enzymes in response to immunologie stimuli. Autonomic agents are also weak bases which might modify cell function by accumulating in the acidic interior of the lysosome, in addition to their receptor-mediated activity. We examined the association of the beta-adrenergic antagonist [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol with human neutrophils and lysosome and membrane fractions derived from neutrophils, and the subcellular distribution of the photoaffinity-labeled beta-adrenergic ligand [ 3 H]azidobenzylcarazolol after incubation with intact cells. Isolated neutrophil lysosomes accumulated significantly more [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol than isolated membrane preparations. Decreasing the transmembrane pH gradient markedly reduced [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol accumulation by intact cells or lysosomes but not by membranes. Since [ 3 H]dihydroalprenolol accumulated by intact cells remained rapidly exchangeable, the photoaffinity ligand [ 3 H]azidobenzylcarazolol was used to assess ligand distribution after association with whole cells. After cell disruption, 18.5 ± 1.3% of this ligand appeared in the lysosome fraction as compared to 2.2 ± 0.6% in the membrane fraction. The secretagogue phorbol myristate acetate caused release of the ligand as well as lysosomal enzymes from cells. These findings suggest that there is significant pH-dependent lysosomal accumulation of beta-antagonists. This lysosomotropic interaction may be important both as it affects the sequestration and redistribution of the drugs, and as it might in some circumstances affect host defense functions of the neutrophil.
Confirmation and clarification of primary personality factors.

In connection with a study bridging rating, questionnaire, and objective test factors, confirmation was sought with respect to the twelve personality factors previously found for young adult men. Variables were chosen to clarify and discriminate the nature of related factors. Ratings of and by 373 students were obtained, and the present study describes the separate factorization for the 133 men among them. Factorization yielded eleven factors, of which, on “blind” rotation for simple structure, 9 or 10 proved to be identical with those of the previous study. A new factorM is described.
Approaching Optimal Performance By Lattice-Reduction Aided Soft Detectors

Lattice reduction (LR) technique has been introduced into the process of linear equalization to improve the performance. It has been shown that LR-aided hard detectors collect full diversity with low complexity for many transmission systems. However, though LR-aided linear equalizers collect the same diversity as that collected by the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector, there still exists a performance gap between LR-aided and ML equalizers. To fill this gap, one may use soft detectors. In this paper, we give two LR-aided soft detectors with different candidates generation methods. We compare the performance and complexity of our algorithms with the existing alternatives and show that our methods can achieve near-optimal performance. The performance-complexity tradeoff of our proposed algorithms is also studied. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Landsat Large-Area Estimates for Land Cover

A methodology for using ground-gathered and Landsat MSS data to obtain natural resources information over large areas was developed by the USDA, Statistical Reporting Service (SRS) and NASA! NSTL, Earth Resources Laboratory. The SRS's remote-sensing techniques for improving crop area estimates were expanded and modified to obtain land-cover data. These techniques employ statistical relationships ships between field-level ground data and corresponding Landsat pixels to determine classification accuracy and variances for acreage estimates. State-level and land-cover surveys were conducted in Kansas, Missouri, and Arkansas. During the Missouri project, all costs for person-hours, materials, and computer time were tracked for the various analysis steps. Classified Landsat data stored on computer tapes and area estimates with known precision are two products obtained from these surveys.
A remark on Zilber’s pseudoexponentiation

When studying the model theory ofthe first observation is that the integers can be defined asSince ∂exp is subject to all of Godel's phenomena, this is often also the last observation. After Wilkie proved that ℝexp is model complete, one could ask the same question for ∂exp, but the answer is negative.Proposition 1.1. ∂expis not model completeProof. If ∂exp is model complete, then every definable set is a projection of a closed set. Since ∂ is locally compact, every definable set is Fσ. The same is true for the complement, so every definable set is also Gδ. But, since ℤ is definable, ℚ is definable and a standard corollary of the Baire Category Theorem tells us that ℚ is not Gδ.Still, there are several interesting open questions about ∂exp.• Is ℝ definable in ∂exp?• (quasiminimality) Is every definable set countable or co-countable? (Note that this is true in the structure (∂, ℤ, +, ·) where we add a predicate for ℤ).• (Mycielski) Is there an automorphism of ∂exp other than the identity and complex conjugation?1A positive answer to the first question would tell us that ∂exp is essentially second order arithmetic, while a positive answer to the second would say that integers are really the only obstruction to a reasonable theory of definable sets.A fascinating, novel approach to ∂exp is provided by Zilber's [6] pseudoexponentiation. Let L be the language {+, · E, 0, 1}.
Micromechanics modeling of electro-viscoelastic–plastic response of metal core piezoelectric fiber polymer composites

Abstract A micromechanics model was developed to predict the effective time-dependent and non-linear multiphysics responses of metal core piezoelectric fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. The present model is established on the basis of variational asymptotic method and implemented using finite element method. In light of the time-dependent and non-linear characteristics of composites, an incremental procedure in conjunction with an instantaneous electromechanical matrix of composites was established. The proposed model can be readily used to simulate the effects of multiphysics loadings on the behavior of metal core piezoelectric fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tubo-ovarian Abscess

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is common infection among reproductive-aged women. The presentation ranges from acute severe illness to a more indolent and mild clinical picture. Attention has turned to subclinical PID as an important entity. The majority of the public health impact from PID comes from its attributable long-term sequelae, including tubal-factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) represents a severe form of PID. Vigilance is required when caring for women who have PID to detect the presence of a TOA given the serious nature of the infection and the potential need for procedural intervention.
Changing State Fiscal Capacity and Tax Effort in an Era of Devolving Government, 1981-2003

The American system of fiscal federalism requires that state and local governments finance the bulk of their budgets from own-source revenues, not transfers. This article analyzes state total taxable resources from 1981 to 2003 to evaluate how state fiscal capacity has changed in that time and how it has been affected by national recessions, to examine the extent to which fiscal capacity differs among states and whether capacity has converged, and to consider whether states have responded to service demands by changing tax effort and whether tax effort has converged in the face of interstate competition and other harmonizing forces. Because the capacity measure employed here can be compared across years, something impossible with major alternative indices, the analysis provides insights important to the analysis of fiscal federalism and of the implications of revenue devolution not previously possible.
Respiratory and Cardiac Events Observed and Recorded During and Following a “Near Miss” for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Episode

Documented observations of a 5-week-old infant during a "near miss" for a Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) episode by a physician were carried out during an in-hospital physiological recording of respiratory and cardiac activity. This "near miss" event occurred during quiet sleep and was characterized by a prolonged apneic attack with marked bradycardia, cyanosis and limpness which required immediate vigorous resuscitative efforts by a physician and trained nurse. Parental descriptions of similar events parallel these documented sudden unexpected changes in cardiorespiratory parameters. Objective polygraphic data were obtained immediately following the episode and at later ages during 24 and 48 hour continuous recordings of respiration, heart rate, sleep/wake and behavioral activity. The data show that numerous apneic episodes occurred following the "near miss" event, many accompanied by marked bradycardia. The moderately severe hypoxemia noted during these sleep-related apneas indicate that immediate intervention is required to prevent significant hypoxia and central depression in such infants.
Does Maternal Intrapartum Antibiotic Treatment Prolong the Incubation Time Required for Blood Cultures to Become Positive for Infants with Early-Onset Sepsis?

Background We hypothesized that maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment delays the growth of the organism in the blood culture obtained during the work-up for infants with suspected early-onset sepsis (EOS). Methods Single center, retrospective review of infants with blood culture–proven EOS over 13.5 years period. EOS was defined by isolation of a pathogen from blood culture obtained within 72 hours of birth and antibiotic treatment for � 5d ays. Results Among 81 infants with positive blood cultures, 38 were deemed to have EOS and 43 were deemed contaminants. The organisms grown were as follows: Escherichia coli in 17 infants, Group B streptococcus in 10 infants, and others in 11 infants. Overall, 17 infants with EOS did not receive intrapartum antibiotics and had blood cultures drawnforbeingsymptomaticafterbirth.Theother21infantswhoreceivedintrapartum antibiotics had blood culture drawn primarily for maternal chorioamnionitis. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) incubation time to blood culture positivity was not differentin infants whoreceived intrapartumantibiotics compared withinfants who did not (19.6 hours, IQR 16–28 hours vs. 19.5 hours, IQR 17.2–21.6 hours,p ¼ 0.7489). Conclusion Maternal intrapartum antibiotic treatment did not delay the time to blood culture positivity in infants with EOS.
Generating New Knowledge in Cardiac Interventions

Cardiac interventions are among the most quantitatively studied therapies. It is important for all involved with cardiac interventions to understand how information generated from observations made during patient care is transformed into data suitable for analysis, to appreciate at a high level what constitutes appropriate analyses of those data, to effectively evaluate inferences drawn from those analyses, and to apply new knowledge to better care for individual patients.
A thermal preference scale for personalized comfort profile identification via participatory sensing

Abstract Thermal comfort is the main driving factor in determining heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems' operational settings. Current building management systems (BMS) operate according to conservatively defined and standardized settings. Many dynamic environmental and human related variables affect occupant thermal comfort in buildings, calling for flexibility in HVAC operations by integrating dynamic user preferences. This paper builds on the vision that a participatory sensing based approach could be used for integrating user thermal comfort preferences into the operational logic of HVAC systems on a real time and continuous basis. The paper emphasizes on participatory sensing requirements for improving human data acquisition by proposing a thermal comfort preference scale. Several guiding features, which could potentially improve the users' expressions of thermal comfort preferences, were evaluated. Interface usability evaluation methods, including think aloud usability assessment studies and task execution surveys, were used in order to assess the proposed alternatives. Moreover, a field experiment was conducted to explore the driving factors, which affect users' thermal preference vote, for determining HVAC control parameters. The results showed that the proposed sensation scale outperforms a five-level ASHRAE like scale and the addition of the guiding features helps increase the consistency between users' expectations and their votes. The results of the field study showed that the ambient temperature is the most effective factor on users' votes. Consequently, HVAC set points for temperature could be used as a control parameter for personalized thermal comfort without any need for retrofitting HVAC system components.
Lysosomal Membrane Damage in Soluble Aβ-Mediated Cell Death in Alzheimer's Disease

Our previous studies suggest that a failure to degrade aggregated Abeta1-42 in late endosomes or secondary lysosomes is a mechanism that contributes to intracellular accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrate that cultured primary neurons are able to internalize soluble Abeta1-42 from the culture medium and accumulate inside the endosomal/lysosomal system. The intracellular Abeta1-42 is resistant to protease degradation and stable for at least 48 h within the cultured neurons. Incubation of cultured neurons with a cytotoxic concentration of soluble Abeta1-42 invokes the rapid free radical generation within lysosomes and disruption of lysosomal membrane proton gradient which precedes cell death. The loss of lysosomal membrane impermeability is only specific to the Abeta1-42 isoform since incubation of cells with high concentrations of Abeta1-40 has no effect on lysosomal hydrolase release. To further support the role of lysosomal membrane damage in Abeta-mediated cell death, we demonstrate that photodisruption of acridine orange (AO)-loaded lysosomes with intense blue light induces a relatively rapid synchronous lysosomal membrane damage and neuronal death similar to that observed as a result of Abeta exposure. AO leaks quickly from late endosomes and lysosomes and partially shifts the fluorescence from an orange fluorescence to a diffuse, green cytoplasmic fluorescence. Such AO relocalization is due to an initial disruption of the lysosomal proton gradient, followed by the release of lysosomal hydrolases into the cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of cells with either the antioxidant n-propyl gallate or lysosomotropic amine (methylamine) partially blocks the release of lysosomal contents suggesting that this AO relocalization is due to lysosomal membrane oxidation. Based on these findings, we propose that the cell death mediated by the soluble Abeta may be fundamentally different from the cell loss observed following extracellular Abeta deposition.
A previously undescribed polyhedrosis of the zebra caterpillar, Ceramica picta

Abstract A nuclear-polyhedrosis virus of the zebra caterpillar, Ceramica picta , is described. Diameter of the inclusion body averages 1.86 ± 0.36 μ; viral particles are rodshaped (39.6 ± 7.2 × 312.2 ± 31 mμ) and occur singly and in packets within a double membrane. Analysis of the nucleic acid in lyophilized polyhedra revealed DNA and RNA in amounts of 11.961 and 4.909 μg/mg, respectively. Principal susceptible tissues are nuclei of the tracheal matrix, epidermis, and fat body.
Rock around the (tenure) clock: research strategies for new academic librarians

Purpose – An increasing amount of tenure‐track academic librarians in the USA are expected to conduct original research and publish their results in peer‐reviewed journals. However, librarians who are new not only to librarianship as a profession but also to academia may find it difficult to become acquainted with research while also mastering the day‐to‐day aspects of their job. The purpose of this paper is to examine why early career academic librarians struggle with research and to present some strategies these librarians can use to get started.Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes the form of a literature review.Findings – Librarians often do not research because of factors such as the lack of time and the lack of research skills. Many strategies, such as time management and collaboration, can help them overcome these barriers.Originality/value – Research is an important topic for academic librarians who hold tenure‐track positions. However, they may be unfamiliar with the sort of research tha...
Pyrolysis of inulin, glucose and fructose

Abstract The pyrolytic behavior of inulin, a (2 → 1)-linked fructofuranan, is described. Parallel investigations of the pyrolysis of glucose and of fructose were conducted to supplement the inulin results and to aid comparison with previous results from glucans. Effects of neutral and basic additives are emphasized. As with glucans, the addition of such additives (especially basic) increases the yields of the one-, two-, and three-carbon products (as well as of hexosaccharinolactones), while generally decreasing the yields of anhydro sugar and furan derivatives. The former products include glycoaldehyde, acetol, dihydroxyacetone, acetic acid, formic acid, and lactic acid. Mechanistic speculations are made regarding the origins of these compounds, as well as of furan derivatives and saccharinic acid lactones. Parallels with alkaline degradation are considered.
B-cell directed antibodies and delayed hyperacute rejection: a case report.

Transplantation in the presence of a conventional positive lymphocytotoxic crossmatch has been contraindicated for a number of years [3, lo]. With modification of this assay so that cytotoxicity to the T or B cell can be determined, a number of groups have been undertaking renal transplantation in the presence of presensitization to the B cell, with conflicting results [4, 8, 91. Delayed hyperacute rejection in the presence of such a B-cell directed alloantibody forms the basis of this article.
Evaluation of an intracellular pharmacokinetic in vitro infection model as a tool to assess tuberculosis therapy

In vitro intracellular infection models have been used to evaluate drug therapy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis; however, they do not simulate human pharmacokinetics. This study demonstrates the intracellular and extracellular killing activity of antimycobacterial drugs in a pharmacokinetic intracellular in vitro model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin, rifampicin and isoniazid were controlled in the central chamber; drug passively diffused into the cell culture inserts and then into the macrophages. In the pharmacokinetic model, the rates of killing observed were faster than other in vitro methods and allowed for a higher initial inoculum to be utilised. The pharmacokinetic model more closely mimics in vivo conditions than other in vitro systems and is a new instrument for evaluating the activity of antimycobacterial agents.
Assuring research integrity in the wake of Wakefield

Not just a bad apple, but a defective barrel? In a grove of trees in the grounds of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, DC, is a statue in memory of Albert Einstein. On it are engraved three of his sayings. One reads: “The right to search for truth implies also a duty; one must not conceal any part of what one has recognised to be true.” Science is our best way of knowing. When work presented as science is shown to be corrupt, it not only discredits that work and its authors, but it also discredits science. The series of linked articles by Brian Deer illustrate many of the ways that science can be corrupted.1 2 3 Above all, Deer shows that the conventional biomedical research mechanisms intended to assure research integrity completely failed⇓. Unfortunately, we have been here before. Investigators involved with the 1932 US Public Health Service Tuskegee Syphilis Study deceitfully enrolled subjects with latent syphilis and denied them available treatment for 40 years in order to study the natural course of the disease.4 As part of a 1963 study to determine the body’s ability to reject foreign cells, patients at the Brooklyn Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital were injected with live cancer cells without their knowledge and without oversight from the institution’s research committee.5 From 1944 to 1974, the US government conducted several radiation experiments, some of which involved the use of …
Desktop security in an academic environment...: how to herd cats successfully

This paper describes a successful methodology for achieving more secure computing in an Academic Environment where getting the disparate client populations to accept any desktop computer standards can often seem like herding (or training) cats. In a highly distributed, highly decentralized computing environment such as the George Washington University, it is exceedingly difficult to ensure compliance with desktop security measures. This is true whether they are the requisite and almost constant patches or the use of properly configured and updated antivirus and firewall software. Through the use of volume purchasing power, quality service delivery, University wide collaboration and targeted incentives (both tangible and intangible) GWU has moved from knowing very little about the patch and virus/firewall state of its 6000+ desktop computers to being able to remediate vulnerabilities across the enterprise and determine the status of that remediation in realtime.
Modern Tenets for Repair of Bilateral Cleft Lip

The understanding of the bilateral cleft lip and associated nasal deformity has evolved over the last 30 years to a point where there now exists general agreement regarding the goals, principles, and strategies for operative repair. This article presents modern tenets for repair of bilateral cleft lip and describes a logical approach to correction of the different possible subtypes.
What alpine peasants have in common: Observations on communal tenure in a Swiss village

An ecological approach to the persistence of communal tenure in a Swiss village suggests that such rights are neither historical anachronisms nor aspects of the closed corporate community. The adaptive value of group holdings in alpine pasture, forest, water, and access routes is compared to that of individual rights in arable land, meadows, and buildings within the same community. The nature and exploitation of resources are related to communal acquisition, conservation, and distribution.
A diallel analysis of ear moisture loss rate in maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) growers need hybrids with fast ear moisture loss rate (EMLR) to reduce grain drying cost. A 10-parent diallel experiment with reciprocals (Griffing's Method 3) was conducted for 2 yr to study the genetic nature of EMLR in maize. Field ear moisture was measured with an electronic probe device at 30 and 51 d after midsilk. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to increase precision of treatment comparisons and parameter estimation since F 1 crosses differed in midsilk dates and in growing degree days (GDD) between the first (Moisturel) and the second probe moisture readings (Moisture2). Adjusted plot means were used to compute combining abilities. General combining ability fixed variance component (GCA, V g ) and reciprocal component were significant, whereas specific combining ability fixed variance component (SCA, V s ) was not significant for EMLR. The 2V g /(2V g + V s ) ratio was 0.81, indicating that GCA effects were more important than SCA effects for EMLR. Significant, positive GCA effects for EMLR were detected in L108, L605, and L654 inbred lines and negative GCA effects in Mo17 inbred line. Non-maternal component was significant for EMLR. Moisturel and Moisture2 also were genetically controlled. A relatively low Moisturel, high EMLR, and positive GCA and reciprocal effects for EMLR were important in lowering Moisture2. Specific interaction between nuclear genetic component(s) and non-nuclear genetic factors can be exploited for enhancing EMLR. Inbred lines L668, B73, and H111 had relatively low Moisture2 due to either relatively low Moisturel or high EMLR or both. In general, Louisiana (L) lines had higher Moisturel, Moisturel, and EMLR than B73, H111, and Mo17.
Death Concepts in Suicidal Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relationship between components of death concept (preoccupation with death, death as a pleasant state, and death as final) and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Method The death concepts of 51 suicidal inpatients, 102 nonsuicidal inpatients, 36 emergency room suicidal subjects, and 81 normal controls were compared using Pfeffer's Child Suicide Potential Scale. In addition, the IQ level as well as emotions that potentially influence the death concept were measured. Results Both groups of suicidal adolescents evaluated death as more pleasant than the nonsuicidal groups. All the study groups equally perceived death as a final state. Suicidal inpatients were more preoccupied with death than nonsuicidal inpatients, but surprisingly among all study groups, including normal controls, the emergency room suicidal subjects were the least preoccupied with death. Partialing out depression, anxiety, and aggression specifically augmented the association between preoccupation with death and suicidality. Thus the relationship between death concept and suicidality appears to be a direct one. No correlation was found between suicidality and intelligence level. Conclusions Elements of death concept distinguish suicidal from nonsuicidal as well as between hospitalized versus nonhospitalized suicidal adolescents. Thus the death concept evaluation is potentially valuable in the assessment of adolescents with a high risk for suicide.
Core Crush Problem in the Manufacturing of Composite Sandwich Structures: Mechanisms and Solutions

Manufacturing of composite honeycomb sandwich structures is significantly impacted by poor production yields caused by the core crush problem that occurs during the autoclave curing process. It is a major manufacturing defect that leads to costly part rejects because the defects are nonrepairable. This failure mechanism also constrains aircraft engineers, limiting the design range of core density and core thickness in attempts to mitigate core crush. Recent studies that have led to basic understanding of core crush mechanism are discussed. It was found that the prepreg frictional resistance is the key factor in controlling core crush. Research in the scientific community has mainly focused on resin effects in core crush. However, studies conducted show that core crush can also be significantly reduced by controlling construction of the fiber tow shape and the fabric architecture. Rounder fiber tow or more open fabric produces rougher prepreg surface, which results in a higher prepreg frictional resistance, reducing the effects of core crush. Experimental results indicate that a developed core crush resistant prepreg increases the prepreg frictional resistance and effectively reduces core crush, without changing the resin system.
Reliability and relevance of radiographic measures of metatarsus primus elevatus and arch alignment in individuals with midfoot arthritis and controls.

Background: Low arch alignment and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) have been postulated to increase dorsal compressive stresses in the joints of the medial column of the foot and to contribute to the development of degenerative changes. The primary purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between radiographic measures of arch alignment and MPE and 2) to assess arch alignment and MPE in individuals with midfoot arthritis and in asymptomatic controls. The secondary aim was to examine the reliability of radiographic measures of arch alignment and MPE. Methods: Radiographic measures of arch height and MPE were quantified on 28 individuals with midfoot arthritis and 22 individuals in a control group. Reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The Pearson product moment correlation (r) was used to assess the relationship between arch alignment and MPE. Between-group differences were assessed using a two-sample t test (α = 0.05). Results: Good to excellent rel...
Polarization Loss of a Satellite: Data Collection Sensor Link

Economy of data collection systems consisting of several widely dispersed sensor platforms monitored by satellite can be realized by using an inexpensive linearly polarized antenna on each platform. The polarization loss of such an antenna is calculated.
Data structure visualization with latex and prefuse

We report two ways with which data structures as well as their algorithmic operations can be visualized. The first method uses LaTeX to automatically generate diagrammatic presentation material from extended versions of the Java implementations of well-known ADTs. The second method uses the Prefuse API to explore objects created in running Java programs.
Fine structure of Dirofilaria immitis body-wall musculature.

Abstract The somatic muscle of Dirofilaria immitis is composed of individual fusiform cells consisting of a myofibrillar and an amyofibrillar portion. The cells are separated by material continuous with the basement membrane and have sarcolemmal, but not sarcoplasmic, connections at both myofibrillar and an amyofibrillar portions. Thick and thin myofilaments make up the bundles of myofibrils. They are inter-laminated obliquely at regular intervals by interfibrillar structures. This arrangement causes the appearance of oblique striation. The interfibrillar structures are penetrated by sarcotubules, and contain fibrous elements, dense bodies often associated with sarcotubular membranes, numerous mitochondria, and single and compound glycogen particles. The present findings basically agree with those recently reported for Ascaris lumbricoides muscle, but differ by the presence of glycogen and mitochondria in the interfibrillar areas, the presence of tight junction between myofibrillar portions of adjacent cells, and the absence of a sarcoplasmic core in the myofibrillar portions.
Why Does Financial Strength Forecast Future Stock Returns? Evidence from Subsequent Demand by Institutional Investors

Measures of a firm’s financial strength forecast stock returns. The relation between financial condition and future returns, however, is consistent with two explanations: (1) changes in investors’ expectations are impounded gradually over time and, (2) riskier firms - with higher discount rates - require greater profitability to generate the same valuation ratios and changes in investors’ expectations are quickly impounded into prices. Using net demand by institutional investors as a proxy for the incorporation of information driven by revisions in sophisticated investors’ expectations, we test whether changes in investors’ expectations are immediately or gradually impounded over time. Consistent with the gradual incorporation of information explanation, financial strength predicts both future returns and future institutional investor demand.
Milk Component Yields versus Concentrations as Selection Criteria to Improve Milk Revenue

Abstract Quadratic milk pricing formulas based on total yield with concentration differentials for fat and protein can be linearized to price milk based on yields of carrier, fat, and protein. Selection responses for a quadratic milk revenue function and an equivalent linear milk revenue function were compared in each case using in the selection indices those traits in the corresponding milk revenue function. Using observed variance and covariance estimates, selection responses for linear milk revenue functions were an average of 11% greater than responses for corresponding quadratic milk revenue functions. However, when variances and co-variances for milk component yields were predicted from those observed for milk yield and component concentrations, differences in selection responses for linear versus quadratic milk revenue functions averaged only 2.7%. Therefore, it was concluded that inconsistencies among variance and covariance estimates for milk component yields and concentrations are sufficient to explain the observed disparities in selection responses for equivalent linear and quadratic milk revenue functions. Higher levels of internal inconsistency among trait parameter estimates were found when using averages of available literature estimates than when using estimates for all traits determined in a single study. The use of linear milk revenue functions is recommended to clarify the transmission of market signals to dairy cattle breeding programs.
Remote sensing image enhancement integrating its local statistical characteristics

Remote sensing is widely used to assess the destruction from natural disasters and to plan relief and recovery operations. How to automatically extract useful features and segment interesting objects from digital images, including remote sensing imagery, becomes a critical task for image understanding. Unfortunately, the data collection of aerial digital images is constrained with bad weather, muzzy atmosphere, and unstable camera or camcorder. As a result, remote sensing imagery is shown as lowcontrast, blurred, and dark from time to time. Here, we introduce a new method integrating image local statistics and image natural characteristics to enhance remote sensing imagery. This method computes the adaptive histogram equalization to each distinct region of the input image and then redistributes the lightness values of the image. The natural characteristic of image is applied to adjust the restoration contrast. The experiments on real data show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Evidence that 3,3',5-triiodothyronine is concentrated in and delivered from the locus coeruleus to its noradrenergic targets via anterograde axonal transport.

Abstract Recent immunohistochemical studies of rat brain triiodothyronine reveal heaviest localization in locus coeruleus perikarya. The cellular distribution is similar to that observed in concomitant studies of tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry: heavy clumps of immunoreactive triiodothyronine are distributed within locus coeruleus cytosol and in cell processes, leaving cell nuclei unstained. At the same time, in locus coeruleus targets, cell nuclei as well as surrounding neuropil are prominently triiodothyronine labeled. These observations, combined with diverse evidence linking thyroid hormone with norepinephrine at many levels of physiological and pathophysiological function, led to the hypothesis that the locus coeruleus binds and accumulates triiodothyronine and delivers the hormone via anterograde axonal transport to postsynaptic locus coeruleus targets, where nuclear triiodothyronine receptors are densely concentrated. Furthermore, the hypothesis predicts that destruction of locus coeruleus nerve terminals would interrupt this neural route of triiodothyronine delivery and prevent or reduce triiodothyronine labeling of nuclear receptors in noradrenergic target cells. To test this formulation, we gave the specific locus coeruleus lesioning agent, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4), to adult male rats and examined their brains three, five and seven days thereafter by triiodothyronine and, in alternate sections, tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. Treatment with DSP-4 resulted in specific and selective reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase and triiodothyronine immunohistochemical labeling in cell nuclei and in nerve cell processes within the neuropil of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex at all time periods examined. The results demonstrate that full occupancy of locus coeruleus target cells by triiodothyronine requires the presence of intact locus coeruleus projections and supports the proposal that, like norepinephrine, triiodothyronine delivery to noradrenergic targets occurs through delivery by locus coeruleus terminals. These findings provide strong support for earlier proposals that triiodothyronine functions as a co-transmitter with norepinephrine in addition to or as part of its genomic role in the cells receiving noradrenergic innervation.
Comparative Ultrastructure and Organization of the Prismatic Region of Two Bivalves and its Possible Relation to the Chemical Mechanism of Boring

The prismatic region of two bivalve molluscs exemplifies, in its structure and organization, one of the types of differentiated calcareous substrates through which boring organisms must penetrate. The oriented inorganic crystals, separated from one another by intercrystalline “spaces”, are structurally organized into well defined prisms. The prisms of each bivalve vary in shape and size and are delineated from one another by electron-lucent, non-calcified regions. The demineralized organic matrix is also structurally organized into prisms, delineated from one another by prism sheaths, and an intra prismatic matrix structurally organized into closely packed sheet-like compartments and subcompartments in which the inorganic crystals are deposited. The non-mineralized intercrystalline “spaces” between the individual inorganic crystals of the same or adjacent rows in a mineralized section are occupied by the walls of the intra prismalic sheet-like compartments. Similarly, the non-calcified electronlucent regions delineating one mineralized prism from the next are occupied by the thick prism sheaths. These portions of the organic matrix which fail to mineralize completely undoubtedly provide ready pathways for the passage of solutes and solvents through these tissues of highly ordered, densely packed, inorganic crystals. Moreover, the framework of the organic matrix, which fails to mineralize in these heavily calcified, molluscan substrates, may provide the primary , not the secondary source of chemical attack during boring, for once the sheaths and compartments surrounding the crystals are broken down or solubilized, the crystals are themselves loosened and freed for mechanical removal by shell-penetrating organisms.
Hydrogen bonding. Part 83. The bis-troponehydrogen cation: preparation, IR, and MO study of a proton bridged dimer of tropone with a covalent three-center OHO bond

Abstract Admixture of equal parts of liquid tropone and solid hydroxytropylium perchlorate gives a quantitative yield of a homogeneous white crystalline material; infrared spectra demonstrate that neither starting material is present in the new substance in its original form. Ab initio molecular orbital treatment supports a formulation as the perchlorate salt of a proton bridged cationic dimer of tropone with a nearly symmetrical three-center OHO bond and a attraction energy of about −30 kcal mol −1 .
Electrophysiologic effects of ethmozin in patients with ventricular tachycardia

Abstract Ten patients with recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) had electrophysiologic studies in the basal state and on chronic oral ethmozin (12.1 ± 0.6 SE mg/kg/day). Ethmozin significantly prolonged the AH interval (basal: 75 ± 8 SE msec; ethmozin: 91 ± 10 msec, p p p p
A family level analysis of tardigrade phylogeny

In the present study a character data set suitable for cladistic analysis at the family level was developed. A data matrix consisting of 50 morphological characters from 15 families of tardigrades was analyzed by maximum parsimony. Kinorhynchs, loriciferans, and gastrotrichs were used as outgroups. The results agree with the currently accepted hypothesis that Eutardigrada and Heterotardigrada are distinct monophyletic groups. Among the eutardigrades, Eohypsibiidae was found to be a sister group to Macrobiotidae+Hypsibiidae, while Milnesiidae was the basal eutardigrade family. The basal heterotardigrade family was found to be Oreellidae. Echiniscoideans grouped with some traditional Arthrotardigrada (Renaudarctidae, Coronarctidae+Batillipedidae) suggesting that the arthrotardigrades are not monophyletic. The 18S rRNA gene sequence of Batillipes mirus Richters, 1909 and Calohypsibius schusteri Nelson & McGlothlin, 1996 were obtained and their addition to a previously published dataset supports the monophyly of Heterotardigrada and of Parachela versus Apochela within the Eutardigrada.