cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The complete cDNA sequence of bovine coagulation factor V.

Abstract Lack of availability of a primary structure for bovine factor V has hindered detailed analysis of a vast majority of structure-function correlations on this molecule. To determine the primary structure of bovine factor V, we used liver mRNA as a template for the synthesis of three cDNA libraries. The sequences of seven overlapping cDNA clones infer two bovine factor V variants. Variant 1 results in a 6910-basepair (bp) cDNA including 103 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence, 6633 bp of coding sequence and 171 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence with a putative polyadenylation site. Variant 2 differs only in the size of the coding sequence (6618 bp). The open reading frame translates to factor V consisting of 2211 (or 2206) amino acids including a 28-amino acid signal peptide. Comparison of the amino acid sequences with human factor Va reveals 84% identity for the heavy and 86% for the light chains. In contrast, the B domain (connecting region) exhibits only 59% identity relative to the human molecule. The bovine B domain contains two repeats of a 14-amino acid structure that is contained only once in the human sequence. Bovine factor V lacks one of the nine amino acid repeats and one of the 17 amino acid repeats present in the human B domain. Factor V has little homology to the factor VIII molecule in the B domain. The 17-amino acid repeat missing in bovine factor V allows identification of an 18-amino acid sequence that is homologous to the B domain of human factor VIII. These 18 amino acids may either constitute the unique vestige of a divergent evolution between the B domains of factors V and VIII or reveal the convergent evolution toward a critical epitope involved in the activation of both procofactors.
Ab initio study of the torsional motion in tolane

Abstract Accurate prediction of the torsional barrier height in tolane is achieved by systematically extrapolating to the Dunning complete basis set limit at the MP2 level with a spin-component-scaled correction. The zero-point energy correction is calculated at the B98/cc-pVDZ level based on a benchmark test using the experimental data for benzene. The final calculated barrier height is 202 cm −1 , in agreement with the observed value. The correct barrier height enables the vibrational energy levels and other spectroscopic properties to be determined accurately through numerical integration of the torsional Schrodinger equation. This study provides a nearly complete computational solution to the torsional problem in tolane and may aid the exploration of torsional motions in similar molecules.
Diffuse, monoenergetic, and broadband aurora: The global precipitation budget

[1] We have developed an auroral precipitation model which separately categorizes the discrete aurora and both the electron and ion diffuse aurora. The discrete aurora includes acceleration by two distinct physical mechanisms, namely, quasi-static electric fields, producing monoenergetic peaks, and dispersive Alfven waves, producing broadband electron acceleration. The new model is not merely finer in magnetic latitude (MLAT) and magnetic local time (MLT) resolution than previous models but is parameterized by solar wind driving instead of Kp and is based on functional fits to the solar wind coupling function which best predicts auroral power. Each of the four auroral types in each MLAT and MLT bin is separately fitted, a departure from the traditional compilation of a handful of discrete models, each assigned to represent a Kp (or other activity index) range. The variation of any of these four types of aurora at any local time can be predicted on the basis of the specific solar wind history of an epoch. This approach permits perhaps the first comprehensive comparison of the hemispheric contribution of each type of aurora. It turns out that the diffuse aurora is surprisingly dominant, constituting 84% of the energy flux into the ionosphere during conditions of low solar wind driving (63% electrons, 21% ions). The diffuse aurora is far from quiescent, tripling in power dissipation from our low to high solar wind–driving conditions. Even under the latter condition, the diffuse aurora contains 71% of the hemispheric energy flux (57% electrons, 14% ions). The monoenergetic aurora contributes more energy flux (10% quiet, 15% active) than does broadband acceleration signatures (6% quiet, 13% active). However, the broadband aurora rises fastest with activity, increasing by a factor of 8.0 from low to high driving. Moreover, this most dynamic auroral type contributes very high number fluxes, even exceeding monoenergetic aurora under active conditions (28% of hemispheric precipitation versus 21%). Thus, dynamic ionospheric heating and ion outflow is likely heavily affected by the wave aurora. Although energy flux peaks on the nightside, number flux peaks on the dayside. The cusp, as previously reported, is much better defined by ions than electrons. Hence, the ion number flux peak is confined, corresponding to the cusp, while the region with high electron number flux is broad (a cleft, corresponding to the boundary layers, including the closed low-latitude boundary layer).
Spectroscopic Investigation of Alkylcarbonic Acid Formation and Dissociation in CO2-Expanded Alcohols

We show a technique to measure alkylcarbonic acid (ACA) formation and dissociation constants in CO2-expanded methanol, ethanol, and benzyl alcohol at 25 °C. In these systems, CO2 reacts with alcoho...
Displacement of Acetone from η-(C 5 R 5 )(CO)Fe(AC)(COMe)+ by Thioethers. Application of the Quantitative Analysis of Ligand Effects (QALE)

The displacement of acetone (AC) from η-(C5R5)(CO)Fe(AC)(COMe)+ (R = H, Me) by thioethers {SMe2, SMeEt, SEt2, S(n-Bu2), SMe(t-Bu), S(i-Pr)2,S(t-Bu)2, SPh2, SMe(p-XC6H4) (X = H, Me, MeO, Cl), and SEtPh} at −41 °C was studied using square-wave voltammetry. Rate constants were extracted from the square-wave voltammograms using computer simulation methods and were found to be sensitive to the stereoelectronic properties of the nucleophiles. The Cp (C5H5) complex is more reactive toward the smaller thioethers than the Cp* (C5Me5) complex, but there is an inversion of reactivity for the large thioethers. The rate constants were analyzed in terms of the electronic parameters (χ and Ear) and one of the steric parameters θ, ER, or Ωs. The best correlation is found using χ, θ, and Ear. Of the two families of complexes, the rates of reaction of the Cp* complex with the thioethers are less dependent on the stereoelectronic properties of the nucleophiles. This leads to a model of the transition states for the Cp* comp...
Ranking and new database architectures

Database platform support for efficient ranking can have positive performance implications for a number of rank-aware applications, including data exploration, social network analysis, and keyword search. This talk highlights two pieces of work where ranking appears in the research area of database architectures for new hardware. First, we highlight the Bw-tree, a new high-performance B+-tree supporting sorted key-sequential access. The Bw-tree is re-architected to run efficiently on new hardware: its in-memory operations are completely latch-free, removing blocking behavior while also improving multi-core cache behavior, while its storage layer implements a novel log-structured flash storage layer for that exploits fast sequential writes and mitigates adverse performance impact of random writes. Second, we highlight a new classification technique for identifying âAIJcoldâAI (infrequently accessed) data in main-memory database systems. Using a log of sampled record accesses, our technique estimates record access frequencies using exponential smoothing. This classification approach is very efficient: it is able to accurately identify hot and cold records among 1M records in sub-second time from a log of 1B record accesses on a workstation class machine.
CDA: A Cloud Dependability Analysis Framework for Characterizing System Dependability in Cloud Computing Infrastructures

Cloud computing has become increasingly popular by obviating the need for users to own and maintain complex computing infrastructure. However, due to their inherent complexity and large scale, production cloud computing systems are prone to various runtime problems caused by hardware and software failures. Dependability assurance is crucial for building sustainable cloud computing services. Although many techniques have been proposed to analyze and enhance reliability of distributed systems, there is little work on understanding the dependability of cloud computing environments. As virtualization has been an enabling technology for the cloud, it is imperative to investigate the impact of virtualization on the cloud dependability, which is the focus of this work. In this paper, we present a cloud dependability analysis (CDA) framework with mechanisms to characterize failure behavior in cloud computing infrastructures. We design the failure-metric DAGs (directed a cyclic graph) to analyze the correlation of various performance metrics with failure events in virtualized and non-virtualized systems. We study multiple types of failures. By comparing the generated DAGs in the two environments, we gain insight into the impact of virtualization on the cloud dependability. This paper is the first attempt to study this crucial issue. In addition, we exploit the identified metrics for failure detection. Experimental results from an on-campus cloud computing test bed show that our approach can achieve high detection accuracy while using a small number of performance metrics.
Blood-borne indicators of breast cancer and their use in experimental, medical oncologic, and prevention studies

Development of useful blood-borne indicators in the presence of breast cancer is critical to a broad range of scientific and therapeutic concerns, including those of the experimental biologist, medical oncologist, and epidemiologist.‘,* Although their application in breast cancer has lagged behind that of tissue markers, serum markers may provide the most feasible approach to clinical problems such as early detection and monitoring response to therapy. As basic experimental methodology becomes more sophisticated and as new classes of biologically directed drugs become available for clinical trials there are more and more possibilities for studies to identify specific markers intimately associated in a molecular fasion with dysregulated growth and metastasis of the disease. Use of these markers could supplement the well-developed existing assays which utilize antibodies directed toward surface glycoproteins released by breast tumour cells. Such markers may improve clinical monitoring of patients for early signs of treatment failure or recurrence. These markers may also permit the development of assays suitable for population-based studies to detect genetic risk of breast cancer and of better tests for early detection of high risk pre-invasive disease or early invasive disease. The latter is particularly important for young women with inherited predisposing mutations. For such high risk women, mammography is less sensitive, optimal screening intervals have not been determined, and some mutations may confer enhanced susceptibility to radiation-induced genotoxic events.
Morality or equality? Ideological framing in news coverage of gay marriage legitimization

This content analytic study investigated the approaches of two mainstream newspapers—The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune—to cover the gay marriage issue. The study used the Massachusetts leg...
Influence of Freezing Egg Yolk Plasma on the Properties of Low‐Density Lipoproteins

SUMMARY When yolk plasma was frozen for 24 hr between −20 and −25°C, the thawed mass had a pasty consistency. After freezing and thawing plasma, only 15% of the total lipoproteins were soluble in 10% NaCl. The two lipoproteins fractions, FLPL1, and FLPL2, isolated from the salt-soluble material had chemical and physical properties similar to those for native plasma lipoproteins LPL1, and LPL3. With papin treatment, heated FLPL2, was degraded to the extent that all of the nitrogenous constituents were soluble in TCA solution. The influence of freezing LPL2 solutions at various pH values on the physical properties of the thawed solutions was examined.
Vaccine-elicited SIV and HIV envelope-specific IgA and IgG memory B cells in rhesus macaque peripheral blood correlate with functional antibody responses and reduced viremia

An effective HIV vaccine requires strong systemic and mucosal, cellular and humoral immunity. Numerous non-human primate studies have investigated memory T cells, but not memory B cells. Humoral immunologic memory is mediated by long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and differentiation of memory B cells into short-lived plasma blasts following re-exposure to immunizing antigen. Here we studied memory B cells in vaccinated rhesus macaques. PBMC were stimulated polyclonally using CD40 Ligand, IL-21 and CpG to induce B cell proliferation and differentiation into antibody secreting cells (ASCs). Flow cytometry was used for phenotyping and evaluating proliferation by CFSE dilution. B cell responses were quantified by ELISPOT. Methodology was established using PBMC of vaccinated elite-controller macaques that exhibited strong, multi-functional antibody activities. Subsequently, memory B cells elicited by two replicating Ad-recombinant prime/envelope boost regimens were retrospectively evaluated pre- and post-SIV and SHIV challenges. The vaccine regimens induced SIV and HIV Env-specific IgG and IgA memory B cells. Prior to challenge, IgA memory B cells were more numerous than IgG memory B cells, reflecting the mucosal priming immunizations. Pre- and post-challenge memory B cells were correlated with functional antibody responses including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition (ADCVI) and transcytosis inhibition. Post-challenge, Env-specific IgG and IgA memory B cells were correlated with reduced chronic viremia. We conclude that functional antibody responses elicited by our prime/boost regimen were effectively incorporated into the memory B cell pool where they contributed to control of viremia following re-exposure to the immunizing antigen.
The ultrastructure of group Ia afferent fiber synapses in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat

Ia synapses in laminae VI and IX of the cat's spinal cord were examined in the electron microscope following iontophoretic injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into single, identified, Ia afferent fibers from gastrocnemius muscles. Ia boutons contacting motoneuron dendrites in lamina IX contained spherical synaptic vesicles and generally contacted only one postsynaptic profile. The Ia boutons were often postsynaptic to smaller P-type axonal terminals. Consequently Ia boutons may be classified as S-boutons with axo-axonic contacts.
Activation of the Maize Anthocyanin Gene a2 Is Mediated by an Element Conserved in Many Anthocyanin Promoters

Two transcription factors, C1 (a Myb-domain protein) and B (a basic-helix-loop-helix protein), mediate transcriptional activation of the anthocyanin-biosynthetic genes of maize (Zea mays). To begin to assess the mechanism of activation, the sequences required for C1- and B-mediated induction have been determined for the a2 promoter, which encodes an anthocyanin-biosynthetic enzyme. Analysis of a series of 7- to 13-base-pair substitutions revealed two regions crucial for activation. One region, centered at -99, contained a C1-binding site that abolished C1 binding. The other crucial region was adjacent, centered at -91. C1 binding was not detected at this site, and mutation of this site did not prevent C1 binding at -99. An oligonucleotide dimer containing these two crucial elements was sufficient for C1 and B activation of a heterologous promoter. These data suggest that activation of the anthocyanin genes involves C1 and another factor binding at closely adjacent sites. Mutating a previously postulated anthocyanin consensus sequence within a2 did not significantly reduce activation by C1 and B. However, sequence comparisons of the crucial a2 regions with sequences important for C1- and B-mediated activation in two other anthocyanin promoters led to a revised consensus element shared by these promoters.
Induction of COX-2 by acrolein in rat lung epithelial cells

Acrolein is a highly reactive alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde, and a product of lipid peroxidation reactions. Acrolein is also an environmental pollutant and a key component of cigarette smoke, and has been implicated in multiple respiratory diseases. Lung tissue is a primary target for acrolein toxicity in smokers and may lead to chronic lung inflammation and lung cancer. Chronic inflammation, associated with expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins, are predisposing factors for malignancy. In this study, we investigated the induction of COX-2 by acrolein in rat lung epithelial cells and its related signaling cascade. Induction of COX-2 by acrolein was significant at 6 h post-treatment and was dependent upon NFκB activation. The activation of NFκB by acrolein was induced as a result of degradation of IκBα over the time of treatment. In addition, the upstream signaling cascade involved Raf-1/ERK activation by acrolein in the COX-2 induction and was inhibited by GW5074 (a Ras/Raf-1/ERK inhibitor), thereby providing evidence for the role of this cascade in this process. The results of these studies offer an explanation for the mechanism of COX-2 induction by acrolein in rat lung epithelial cells.
What Every Teacher Should Know about Epilepsy.

Explains the different types of seizures and their symptoms; describes treatments; and discusses social, academic, and communication issues and what the teacher can do
Different types of El Niño affect global temperature differently

The El Nino–Southern Oscillation is known to influence global surface temperatures, with El Nino conditions leading to warmer temperatures and La Nina conditions leading to colder temperatures. However, a new study by Banholzer and Donner shows that some types of El Nino do not have this effect, a finding that could explain recent decade-scale slowdowns in global warming.
Use of a CCD imager for simultaneous DSC-chemiluminescence and multiple sample polymer degradation studies

Abstract Digital electronic imaging using charge coupled devices (CCD) has become popular due to its mass adoption in the personal computer and photographic applications. The CCD sensors are moderate in resolution, extremely sensitive, offer wide dynamic range, and compared with photo-multipliers, capable of withstanding exposure to bright light without damage. These characteristics made CCD detectors ideal for chemiluminescence (CL) studies for polymer oxidative degradation. We will present the use of a CCD imager with a DSC for simultaneous oxidative induction time (OIT) and CL studies. In addition, since these CCD imagers are inherently area imagers, making them easily adapted for multiple sample studies.
Dust Destruction in a Non-radiative Shock in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant

We present 24 {mu}m and 70 {mu}m images of a non-radiative shock in the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The post-shock region is resolved in these images. The ratio of the 70 {mu}m to the 24 {mu}m flux rises from about 14 at a distance 0.'1 behind the shock front to about 22 in a zone 0.'75 further downstream, as grains are destroyed in the hot plasma. Models of dust emission and destruction using post-shock electron temperatures between 0.15 keV and 0.30 keV and post-shock densities, n{sub H}{approx} 2.0 cm{sup -3}, predict flux ratios that match the observations. Non-thermal sputtering (i.e., sputtering due to bulk motion of the grains relative to the gas) contributes significantly to the dust destruction under these shock conditions. From the model calculations, we infer that about 35% by mass of the grains are destroyed over a 0.14 pc region behind the shock front.
SUSHI, not just a tasty lunch anymore: The development of the NISO Committee SU's SUSHI standard

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the development of the Standardized Usage Statistics Harvesting Initiative (SUSHI) standard, and its applications and impact on libraries.Design/methodology/approach – The information is based on a questionnaire survey conducted by the author. Inquiries were sent to members of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) Committee SU responsible for producing the SUSHI standard.Findings – Four out of six members responded to the survey including Ted Fons from Innovative, Oliver Pesch from Ebsco, and Ted Koppel from Ex Libris. One member responded but did not want to be quoted.Originality/value – Provides information on the development of a library aid.
Probing structural adaptivity at PPI interfaces with small molecules

There is strong interest in developing small molecules that modulate protein-protein interactions (PPI), since such compounds could serve as drug leads or as probes of protein function. Fragment-based ligand discovery has been a particularly useful approach for modulating PPI. Fragments are typically <250 Da compounds that bind to proteins with weak affinity but high ligand efficiency. Here, we review a method for fragment- based ligand discovery using covalent disulfide trapping (Tethering). Tethering uses a native or engineered cysteine residue to select thiol-containing fragments that bind to the protein near the tethering cysteine. Taking advantage of the site-directed nature of Tethering, one can investigate the 'druggability' of particular binding sites on a protein surface; furthermore, Tethering has been used to find new binding sites and to stabilize allosteric conformations. We review the principles of Tethering and discuss two examples where disulfide trapping has expanded our understanding of PPI. For the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL2), Tethering identified a binding site adjacent to the IL2/IL2- receptor and a new site allosterically coupled to this PPI. For the kinase PDK1, Tethering identified ligands that activated or inhibited enzymatic activity by bind-ing to a single allosteric site. These examples provide a context for successful fragment-discovery projects, in which complementary technologies work together to identify starting points for chemical biology and drug discovery.
The range of egg capsule morphology within the phasmatodea and its relevance to the taxonomy of the order

Abstract Within the order Phasmatodea there is a basic egg capsule morphology which defines the order. This shows extensive variation in detailed form. Some of this is aberration, which can be recognised and excluded from taxonomic considerations. Much is adaptation to egg‐laying techniques and egg survival. Nevertheless the range of egg capsule form both externally and internally is a valuable aid to the classification at sub‐ordinal level and below of this group of insects. In particular this confirms the Timematodea as members of the order, confirms the distinct status of Phylliidae and shows some so far undivided groups such as Necrosciidae to be taxonomically very diverse. A new tribe Extatosomatini is proposed for Extatosoma Gray on the basis of both egg and adult morphology. A survey of internal micropylar plate types within the order is given.
Complication Probability as Assessed from Dose-Volume Histograms

Optimization of a treatment plan for radiation therapy will produce a plan with the highest probability for tumor control without exceeding an acceptable complication rate. To achieve this goal it is necessary to have a means to estimate probabilities of local control and normal tissue complication. In general, good treatment plans deliver a high uniform dose to the target volume and lower doses to the surrounding normal tissues. The tolerance dose values available for various normal tissues are usually assumed to apply to partial or full volumes of the tissue which have been uniformly irradiated. These values are the best guidelines for estimating complication probabilities in tissues that receive a uniform dose to a fraction of the tissue and no dose to the remainder. Dose-volume histograms are one means of evaluating the uniformity of the irradiation on the tissues. Frequently the normal tissues are not uniformly irradiated as is demonstrated by dose-volume histograms for different treatment plans. A recursive algorithm which uses these tolerance dose data has been written and can be applied to arbitrary dose-volume histograms to estimate the complication probability.
The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children and Misdiagnosis of PTSD in A Youth with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Brief Report

Many factors in a child’s experience with cancer can contribute to posttraumatic stress. However, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), first identified in child cancer survivors in 1985, was not broadly recognized in the literature for more than a decade. While under-diagnosis is no longer the concern it once was, care must also be taken to avoid over-diagnosis. This case report documents a case in which a young man erroneously carried a PTSD diagnosis several years after completing treatment for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Potential pitfalls in diagnosis and the importance of confirmatory clinical interviewing are reviewed.
Interference of Be 8 * Levels and Final-State Coulomb Interactions

Recent precision measurements of the interfering levels in ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ at 16.6 and 16.9 MeV are in good agreement with a simple two-level formula with interference when it is properly corrected for the effects of final-state Coulomb interactions. The widths used in the formula are $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(16.6)=90$ keV and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(16.9)=70$ keV. It is not necessary to assume that the $T=1$ components of the ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ wave functions are excited in the reactions ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}(d,\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Be}}^{8*}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}({\mathrm{Li}}^{6},\ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{Be}}^{8*}$. Using the latter reaction, it is shown that the background is too small to have an appreciable effect on the spectral shape for the two levels.
Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of nitroaromatic compounds for standoff detection applications

Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRRS) has been used to examine a variety of different isomers of nitroaromatic molecules. Due to the large cross section enhancements possible, UVRRS has the potential to be a sensitive means for detecting trace quantities of explosives at standoff distances. Since it probes both the electronic and vibrational states of the molecules, it can also be a selective means for differentiating between similar molecules. Resonance Raman spectra will be discussed, along with the different trends that are observed, for the different positional isomers of dinitrobenzene. In addition, spectra for the common explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene will be presented.
Imaging Transgene Expression with Radionuclide Imaging Technologies

A variety of imaging technologies are being investigated as tools for studying gene expression in living subjects. Noninvasive, repetitive and quantitative imaging of gene expression will help both to facilitate human gene therapy trials and to allow for the study of animal models of molecular and cellular therapy. Radionuclide approaches using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are the most mature of the current imaging technologies and offer many advantages for imaging gene expression compared to optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based approaches. These advantages include relatively high sensitivity, full quantitative capability (for PET), and the ability to extend small animal assays directly into clinical human applications. We describe a PET scanner (microPET) designed specifically for studies of small animals. We review "marker/reporter gene" imaging approaches using the herpes simplex type 1 virus thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) and the dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) genes. We describe and contrast several radiolabeled probes that can be used with the HSV1-tk reporter gene both for SPECT and for PET imaging. We also describe the advantages/disadvantages of each of the assays developed and discuss future animal and human applications.
Brain weight changes resulting from enriched rearing conditions: a diallel analysis.

Housemice from 6 inbred lines and their F1 crosses were reared in standard or enriched laboratory cages. A genetic analysis of brain and body weights indicated a significant directional dominance effect toward larger brain in F1 crosses among enriched animals only, even when adjustments for body weight were made. The proportion of additive genetic variance was greater in standard caged animals than in enriched animals. Maternal effects played a small but significant role in influencing brain weights apart from those indirectly caused by body weight effects. The use of laboratory reared animals for genetic studies is questioned when environmental influences are known to have a strong effect on the character being studied, and the results are to be used to make inferences concerning the adaptive significance of the character.
TUNABLE DYE LIDAR TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS

A tunable-wavelength lidar system has been constructed for remote probing of various species in the lower and upper atmosphere, The system consists of a flashlamp-pumped dye laser, a 16-inch Schmidt receiver, and a high-speed data-handling system, The laser is capable of delivering 0.5-J pulses with a linewidth of 0.02 A at a rate of 0.25 Hz, Pulse rates up to 1 Hz have been achieved with a somewhat larger linewidth. A survey of atmospheric constituents suitable for probing by resonant scattering has revealed that at the current level of technology only the alkaline species Na, Li, and K, and the alkaline-like ion Ca+ present reasonable prospects of successful detection, With foreseeable increases in sensitivity, measurement of other species will be possible, Potential applications of other scattering processes are under investigation, Altitude profiles of the naturally occurring sodium layer obtained during trial runs of the system show short-term variations, and the characteristic sharp fall in density on the top side of the layer.© (1972) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rotation of a Tangle of Quantized Vortex Lines in He II

The densities of vortex lines in He II due to rotation and axial counterflow do not simply add. With slow rotation, the critical counterflow velocity is greatly reduced. At high counterflow velocities, rotation adds fewer lines than expected, suggesting that the vortex tangle is polarized by rotation. Two critical velocities are found, the smaller of which agrees quantitatively with an explanation by Glaberson, Johnson, and Ostermeier of an instability found by Cheng, Cromar, and Donnelly.
The Nd and Sr isotopic evolution of Proterozoic seawater

Nd and Sr isotopic measurements from a variety of marine chemical precipitates provide insight into processes controlling the chemistry of seawater during the Proterozoic. Nd isotope measurements on banded iron formations and phosphorites, and Sr isotope measurements on carbonates indicate that during both the Early and Late Proterozoic, hydrothermal input to the oceans was a significant fraction of the total input to ocean chemistry. Isotopic data from Early Proterozoic clastic sediments show systematic differences from coeval chemical sediments. These differences become less marked toward the end of the Proterozoic. This implies a higher hydrothermal water to river water flux ratio during the Early Proterozoic. The significant changes in seawater isotopic composition during the Proterozoic reflect the transition from mantle dominated Archean oceans to a typically modern system. Isotopic and mass balance constraints from banded iron formations indicate that oxidation of hydrothermal Fe2+ in seawater could have been an important control on the redox state of Proterozoic ocean-atmosphere system. The present isotopic balances of carbon and sulfur could have been decoupled as a result.
Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Infusion on the Human Conduction System

His bundle electrograms were performed in 21 patients with organic heart disease. Recordings were made at various rates utilizing right atrial pacing. A mixture containing 50 g of glucose, 10 mEq of potassium and 20 units of insulin was given intravenously over 10 minutes to 10 subjects. The P-A, A-H, H-Q and H-S intervals were determined before and immediately after the glucose-insulin-potassium infusion. A significant prolongation in the A-H interval occurred with negligible effects on the P-A, H-Q and H-S intervals. At the atrial pacing rate of 100/min, the average A-H interval increased from the control value of 140 msec to 151 msec after the infusion (P < 0.05); at the pacing rate of 140/min, the A-H interval increased from 145 to 165 msec (P < 0.05). The identical study was performed in three additional patients who received an infusion of 50 g of glucose and 20 units of insulin. No significant change was observed in the conduction system. In eight patients a solution of 2.6 mEq of potassium in 65 cc of 5 percent glucose and water was infused over an 8 minute period. A significant prolongation of the A-H interval was observed. At the atrial pacing rate of 100/min, the average A-H interval increased from the control value of 122 to 133 msec after the glucose and potassium infusion (P < 0.05), whereas at the pacing rate of 140/min, the A-H interval increased from 165 to 188 msec (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the potassium in a glucose-potassium-insulin infusion may cause impaired conduction through the atrioventricular node.
Outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy for large uteri.

Objective: To determine the incidence of perioperative complications associated with laparoscopic hysterectomies per- formed for very large uteri on an outpatient basis. Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive women who underwent total laparoscopic (TLH) or supracervical lap- aroscopic (LSH) hysterectomy with uterine weight R 500 grams. Clinical, demographic, and surgical characteristics were ascertained. Deviation from a normal intraoperative/perioperative course and readmission rate were assessed. Complications were graded by Dindo morbidity scale. Surgical characteristics and complications were compared between TLH and LSH groups using Chi2 tests for categorical and unpaired t tests for continuous variables. Logistic regressions were performed to identify specific risk factors. Results: TLH and LSH were performed in 113 (25.3%) and 333 (74.7%) cases, respectively, with no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. Median uterine weight was 786 gm (range: 500-4500). Mean operative time was 27 min- utes longer in the TLH group: 186.5 6 58.6 vs. 159.6 6 53.8 minutes for LSH (P , 0.0001). Life threatening complications (Dindo'sgrade IVmorbidity)occurred in0.7%.Surgicalintervention requiringgeneralanesthesia (IIIB) occurredin 0.45%of cases. Visceral injury was limited to 6 (1.3%) cases of cystotomy. The rate of vascular injury was 0.22%. Conversion to lap- arotomyoccurred in3.4%ofcases.92.8%ofpatients weredischargedonpost-operativedayzero,with1.1%readmissionrate. There was no association between perioperative morbidity and patient/surgical characteristics. Conclusion: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a viable option for women with very large uteri. Same day discharge of clinically stable patients can be safely implemented. Journal of MinimallyInvasive Gynecology(2012) 19, 689-6942012 AAGL. All rights reserved.
Adenosine mediates a slow hyperpolarizing synaptic potential in autonomic neurones.

Considerable evidence has accumulated suggesting that purines, adenosine and ATP function as neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous systems1–4. Burnstock2 has proposed that purinergic receptors be classified into two types, P1 and P2, having adenosine and ATP, respectively, as agonist prototypes. Recent data suggest that ATP may mediate a synaptic potential in guinea pig vas deferons5,6, but no such evidence exists for adenosine. The presence of a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve supply to the urinary bladder has been postulated7,8 and termed purinergic1,2, as these nerves have been shown to release ATP7. Furthermore, atropine-resistant contractions of bladder smooth muscle are thought to be mediated by ATP, while in situ experiments9,10 in vesical parasympathetic ganglia have suggested that a purinergic modulatory mechanism may control urinary bladder function. We now report the presence of a slow hyperpolarizing synaptic potential (slow-h.s.p.) in neurones of cat vesical parasympathetic ganglia, produced by stimulating the preganglionic nerves, and provide evidence that the slow-h.s.p. is mediated by adenosine.
Parent Perspectives of Health Related Quality of Life in Adolescents With Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Underlying Urological Disorders: An Assessment Using the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50

Purpose: Little is known about health related quality of life in adolescents with chronic kidney disease due to urological anomalies. We assessed generic health related quality of life in this population using a validated parent proxy instrument.Materials and Methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort study the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50, a generic health related quality of life parent proxy instrument, was administered to 92 parents of adolescents 10 to 18 years old with chronic kidney disease. Mean summary measure and scale scores in adolescents with urological anomalies were compared to scores in those with other causes of kidney disease and in a representative American population sample.Results: The cohort included 35 adolescents with an underlying diagnosis of congenital urological anomaly and 57 with another cause of kidney disease. There were no significant differences in mean scale or summary measure scores between the 2 diagnostic groups. When compared to a representative popu...
Design of monomers for nonshrinking polymerizations, and synthesis of some N, S‐analogs of spiroorthocarbonates

The design of spiroorthocarbonate monomers (SOCs) and related structures is discussed with the aim of maximizing monomer polymerizability in the absence of undesirable byproducts. The successful syntheses of N,S-analogs of aryl- and alkaryl-SOCs are reported; these are monomers of structure where P and Q are O and OC(CH3)2−, mp 156–158°C; and P and Q are OCH2 and OCH2, mp 148–150°C. As is indicated by infrared spectra, the polymerization of both monomers is initiated by boron trifluoride etherate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An adaptive scheme for optimal target detection in variable clutter environment

An adaptive scheme for detection of ground targets in a variable clutter environment by an airborne radar is presented. The scheme consists of three basic units - an adaptive decorrelator, a clutter pattern classifier and a constant false alarm rate detector. It is shown that this results in a significant improvement in detection performance by optimizing the signal to interference ratio.
Significant primordial star formation at redshifts z ≈ 3–4

Four recent anomalous results obtained during observation of high-redshift galaxies can be resolved at a stroke if a simple modification is made to the current models of galaxy formation. The modification is the assumption that 10–30% of the stars in many galaxies at redshifts of z = 3 to z = 4 are ‘primordial’. That is, they have not been enriched by metals — which to cosmologists means anything heavier than helium. Previously it had been assumed that micromixing of the heavier elements would have been extensive at the giga-year timescales implicit at these relatively low redshifts. Four recent observational results that have challenged our understanding of high-redshift galaxies are resolved simultaneously if it is taken that 10-30 per cent of the stars in many galaxies at z ≍ 3-4 are mainly primordial — unenriched by elements heavier than helium. Four recent observational results have challenged our understanding of high-redshift galaxies, as they require the presence of far more ultraviolet photons than should be emitted by normal stellar populations. First, there is significant ultraviolet emission1 from Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at wavelengths shorter than 912 A. Second, there is strong Lyman α emission2 from extended ‘blobs’ with little or no associated apparent ionizing continuum. Third, there is a population of galaxies with unusually strong Lyman α emission lines3. And fourth, there is a strong He ii (1,640 A) emission line4 in a composite of LBGs. The proposed explanations for the first three observations are internally inconsistent, and the fourth puzzle has remained hitherto unexplained. Here we show that all four problems are resolved simultaneously if 10–30 per cent of the stars in many galaxies at z ≈ 3–4 are mainly primordial—unenriched by elements heavier than helium (‘metals’). Most models of hierarchical galaxy formation assume efficient intragalactic metal mixing, and therefore do not predict5,6,7,8,9 metal-free star formation at redshifts significantly below z ≈ 5. Our results imply that micromixing of metals within galaxies is inefficient on an approximately gigayear timescale, a conclusion that can be verified with higher-resolution simulations, and future observations of the He ii emission line.
Inference Based on Simple Rank Step Score Statistics for the Location Model

Abstract A class of estimation procedures that are robust, relatively efficient, and yet computationally simple is proposed for the one- and two-sample location problems. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of determining confidence intervals, a topic that has seen limited exposure in the literature. As a by-product, some interesting point estimates are obtained. A class of score functions that are ordinary step functions is considered for the location model. Point estimates and confidence intervals are obtained by inverting the corresponding rank statistics. Efficiency and robustness properties of the procedures are investigated. Simple computational schemes for the estimates and intervals are provided.
Effects of species of VA-mycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral uptake of sorghum at different temperatures

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants were grown in growth chambers at 20, 25 and 30°C in a low P Typic Argiudoll (3.65 µg P g−1 soil, pH 8.3) inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, and Glomus macrocarpum to determine effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) species on plant growth and mineral nutrient uptake. Sorghum root colonization by VAMF and plant responses to Glomus species were temperature dependent. G. macrocarpum colonized sorghum roots best and enhanced plant growth and mineral uptake considerably more than the other VAMF species, especially at 30°C. G. fasciculatum enhanced shoot growth at 20 and 25°C, and mineral uptake only at 20°C. G. intraradices depressed shoot growth and mineral uptake at 30°C. G. macrocarpum enhanced shoot P, K, and Zn at all temperatures, and Fe at 25 and 30°C above that which could be accounted for by increased biomass. Sorghum plant growth responses to colonization by VAMF species may need to be evaluated at different temperatures to optimize beneficial effects.
“I Want Child Care He's Gonna Be Happy In”: A Case Study of a Father's Child Care Experiences

Research Findings: This in-depth single case study explores the experiences of a single father with finding and maintaining child care for his son. This American middle-income, Caucasian father lives and works in Minnesota. Findings include difficulty locating and maintaining child care, dissatisfaction with child care quality, concerns about paying for care, and using grandparents as a secondary form of care. Practice or Policy: This article contributes to the literature because it is the only case study available about a father's involvement in child care and how single fathers engage with nonparental care.
Determinants of Serotype Specificity in Transcription of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Synthetic Nucleocapsids

Abstract Transcription of the nucleocapsid template of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is serotype specific, since the viral RNA polymerase of the VSV Indiana (Ind) serotype transcribes the Ind nucleocapsid but not the nucleocapsid of the VSV New Jersey (NJ) serotype and, similarly, the NJ RNA polymerase transcribes only the NJ nucleocapsid. We have prepared synthetic nucleocapsid templates from various combinations of purified leader gene RNA and N protein of these two VSV serotypes for analysis of serotype specificity in vitro. In agreement with previous observations, in vitro transcription of synthetic homologous nucleocapsids with the 3′ terminal leader RNA gene of either the (+) or (-) strand sense and the N protein of the same serotype is also serotype specific. We show with chimeric nucleocapsids, where the RNA and N protein are of different serotypes, that both components of the template are important for specificity, although the specifics depend on the serotype from which the RNA polymerase is derived. The Ind RNA polymerase will transcribe only the homologous nucleocapsids where both the RNA and N protein are of the Ind serotype, and not the chimeric nucleocapsids. In contrast, the NJ RNA polymerase is active not only on the homologous synthetic nucleocapsid, but also gives significant levels of transcription as long as one of the nucleocapsid components (N protein or RNA) is of the NJ serotype. The divergent RNA sequence of the distal portion of the leader gene (nt 22 to 50/51) seems to be a major determinant for specificity, since transcription of synthetic nucleocapsids containing just the conserved proximal 1-22 nucleotides is significantly less serotype-restricted. Restriction appears to occur at the level of elongation of the product rather than initiation of RNA synthesis, since synthesis of template-length RNA, but not reiterated small initiation products, is inhibited. In addition, the serotype of the P protein subunit of the RNA polymerase also contributes to the serotype specificity of transcription, since the NJ P protein can bind equally to NJ and Ind nucleocapsids, while Ind P protein binds preferentially to Ind nucleocapsids.