cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise Retirement Planning Predicts Employee Health Improvements

Are poor physical and financial health driven by the same underlying psychological factors? We found that the decision to contribute to a 401(k) retirement plan predicted whether an individual acted to correct poor physical-health indicators revealed during an employer-sponsored health examination. Using this examination as a quasi-exogenous shock to employees' personal-health knowledge, we examined which employees were more likely to improve their health, controlling for differences in initial health, demographics, job type, and income. We found that existing retirement-contribution patterns and future health improvements were highly correlated. Employees who saved for the future by contributing to a 401(k) showed improvements in their abnormal blood-test results and health behaviors approximately 27% more often than noncontributors did. These findings are consistent with an underlying individual time-discounting trait that is both difficult to change and domain interdependent, and that predicts long-term individual behaviors in multiple dimensions.
Drug discovery in the next decade: innovation needed ASAP

Pharmaceutical companies must find a better way to increase their output of truly new drugs for the benefit of patients and for their business survival. Here, I highlight a general perspective from within pharmaceutical research as it pertains to research advances in chemistry, biology, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology that, if well integrated, stands to put the industry on a productive path. In addition, I provide a complementary perspective on the corporate culture aspect of innovation. I also introduce a new concept, termed 'innovation ASAP' (iASAP; asking powerful questions, seeking the outliers, accepting defeat and populating astutely) and provide support for it using examples of several successful drugs.
Enzymatic strategies for the characterization of nucleic acids by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a powerful technique used for the identification and characterization of DNA polymorphisms. Continual improvement in instrument design assures high mass measurement accuracy, sensitivity, and resolving power. This work describes an eclectic array of enzymatic strategies we have invoked in order to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms by ESI-MS, although other applications may be envisioned. One strategy combines the use of two enzymes, exonuclease III and lambda exonuclease, to provide a ladder of single-stranded DNA fragments for straightforward sequence identification by mass spectrometry. A second strategy combines restriction enzymes to screen for polymorphisms present within specific amplicons. Finally, we describe the use of stable-isotope-labeled nucleotides for the determination of length and base composition of a PCR product.
Social Integration and Pulmonary Function in the Elderly

Objective: This study sought to determine whether social integration, defined as number of social roles, is associated with better pulmonary function in the elderly and which roles are associated with greatest benefit. It also examined pathways that connect social integration to better lung health. Methods: High functioning men (n 518) and women (n 629) ages 70–79 were recruited as part of the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging, and data were collected on social roles as well as pulmonary function as assessed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Multiple regressions predicting PEFR from the number of social roles controlled for age, sex, race, education, weight, and height. Physiological, behavioral, social, and psychological factors were tested as mediators of the association between the number of social roles and PEFR. Results: More social roles were associated with better PEFR. Analysis of specific roles indicated that marriage was the strongest positive correlate of PEFR. However, greater numbers of roles were also associated with better PEFR independent of marriage. Being a relative or friend were each also individually associated with better PEFR. Even so, greater numbers of social roles were associated with better PEFR independent of relative and friend. The data were consistent with greater happiness, not smoking, and more physical activity acting as pathways linking the number of roles to PEFR. Conclusions: Number of social roles is an important correlate of healthy lung function in the elderly. This association may be driven by healthier behaviors and greater feelings of well-being.
Location of Self: Opening the Door to Dialogue on Intersectionality in the Therapy Process.

This article describes the evolution and current practice of a model of location of self, a process in which the therapist self-discloses her or his social locations and invites a conversation about how the intersection of the identities held by the therapist and family may be beneficial and/or limiting. It invites thoughtfulness and dialogue in recognizing and addressing explicit and implicit ways that experience, with its associated privilege or subjugation in the world, can operate in the therapy room. It signifies that the therapist is open to exploring how these issues influence clients' lives outside of therapy as well. The conceptual foundations for location of self, along with its clinical development, are discussed, including the social justice perspective in which it is firmly embedded. Clinical benefits and challenges in its use are also noted.
New supramolecular organization for a glycoluril: chiral hydrogen-bonded ribbons

A series of substituted glycoluril molecules exhibits a substantial twist of the fused five-membered rings and assembles exclusively chiral hydrogen-bonded ribbons in the solid-state.
Effects of pain intensity on goal schemas and goal pursuit: a daily diary study.

The psychology of goal-directed action and its vicissitudes has recently come to occupy a central place in our understanding of human adaption and its failures (Austin & Vancouver, 1996; Bandura, 1986; Emmons, 1999; Karoly, 1999; Little, Samela-Aro & Phillips, 2007). From the perspective of both basic and applied research, attention has increasingly focused upon the top-down and bottom-up cognitive control operations that normally modulate ongoing behavior, decision-making, and future-directed thought, but with particular emphasis on the potentially debilitating influence of uncontrollable stress, challenge, novelty, and situational transition on the systemic unfolding of self-regulatory processes (Kross & Mischel, 2010). Clinical experience and an array of research findings suggest that chronic pain is among the most powerful and insidious disruptors of self-regulated action and day-to-day emotional well-being (DeWitte, Van Lankveld & Crombez, 2011; Karoly & Ruehlman, 2007); and empirical efforts to identify the mechanisms by which persistent pain consumes cognitive resources and undermines the process of goal pursuit have shown a healthy growth rate (Affeck, Tennen, Urrows, Higgins, Abeles, Hall, et al., 1998; Crombez, Eccleston, Van Damme, Vlaeyen & Karoly, 2012; Karoly & Ruehlman, 1996). With the advent of ecologically sensitive modes of data collection, such as those involving daily electronic diaries, and the emergence of hierarchical linear modeling, the analysis of human goal trajectories along with their psychosocial antecedents and consequences can be explored in greater depth than previously possible with cross-sectional procedures (cf., Bolger, Davis & Rafaeli, 2003; Conner, Tennen, Fleeson & Barrett, 2009; Curran & Bauer 2011). Thus, the present research focused on the within-day dynamics of pain as it relates to a small set of key motivational dimensions: goal type (work and lifestyle), schematic goal cognition, and daily goal pursuit.
Clinical evaluation of enzyme immunoassay in rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex infections.

AIMS: To evaluate the performance of antigen detection by IDEIA (NovoNordisk Ltd) in the rapid diagnosis of potentially serious herpes simplex (HSV) infections. METHODS: Nine hundred and twelve specimens from a variety of clinical sites, including ocular, mucocutaneous, respiratory and genital material, urines and necropsy tissue, were compared by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and conventional culture for the presence of HSV. RESULTS: The EIA performed to a high level of sensitivity and specificity using a variety of specimen types. Some problems were encountered using cervical swabs from pregnant women and necropsy brain tissue. Analysis of clinical and contact history data of most patients giving discrepant results supported the evidence of recent HSV infection obtained by EIA. The mean culture time was 2.4 days (range one to eight days). CONCLUSIONS: The HSV EIA test performed to a high level of sensitivity (93.7%) and specificity (96.6%) when compared with culture using a variety of clinical material. These results assumed cell culture was 100% sensitive and specific. The actual performance of the EIA test is probably much higher. This approach to rapid HSV diagnosis should be used more widely, particularly in potentially serious cases.
Seeing the Other Side of the Coin: (Re)Constructing the Normative Flipside to Marx’s Sociology.

This paper argues that, Marx’s insistences notwithstanding, there is an ethical core to Marx’s critique of capitalism. I attempt to establish this claim through presenting salient points of Marx’s critique. From this basis, I move on to discuss Marx’s conception of human nature and the way in which it is typically frustrated under pre-communist societies. This frustration is the basis for a moral preference for communism. After pausing briefly to consider the possible criticism that this moral preference is mere ideology, I conclude with the normative heart of the matter. This is addressed by underscoring principal similarities between Marx’s work and Aristotle’s ethical project, insofar as each comprehends an intuitive description of the good life and an analysis of the prerequisites for obtaining it. A grasp of this similarity opens the door to understanding the normative flip side of Marx’s intellectual project.
Rheology and setting of high volume fly ash mixtures

While high volume fly ash (HVFA) concretes can be designed and produced to meet 28-d strength requirements and often even exceed the durability performance of conventional concretes, a persistent problem is the potentially long delay in setting time that produces concurrently long delays in finishing the concrete in the field. Previous isothermal calorimetry studies on two different powder additions, namely calcium hydroxide and a rapid set cement, have shown that these powders can mitigate excessive retardation of the hydration reactions. In this paper, rheological measurements and conventional Vicat setting time studies are conducted to verify that these powder additions do indeed reduce setting times in paste systems based on both ASTM Class C and ASTM Class F fly ashes. The reductions depend on the class of fly ash and suggest that trial mixtures would be a necessity to apply these technologies to each specific fly ash/cement/admixture combination being employed in the field. Potentially, for such screening studies, the rheological measurement of yield stress may provide a faster indication of setting (and finishability) than conventional Vicat needle penetration measurements on pastes.
Adhuc in corpore constituto

In my Studies in Matthew (1930, pp. 452 ff.) the reader will find a brief statement of my conviction that the long debated Papias-testimony prefixed by a medieval prologue-writer to the Gospel of John was originally meant for the Revelation . Arguments and references there given need not be repeated here because the present note is concerned only with the final clause of the fragment; but since this is obscure it may be advisable to print it in full side by side with the conjectured original.
Can a shared virtual heritage help rebuild a sense of place? a case study in virtual heritage and urban renewal in Tucson, Arizona

The rationale for the development of digital models of cultural features (virtual heritage) should by now, to the attendees of this fourth annual session on virtual heritage at the VSMM conference, need no further explanation. From the previous sessions we can all, hopefully, agree upon the benefits of well designed, and well developed virtual heritage projects, the work of D. Sanders (2000) and many others is proving the suitability of virtual heritage modeling in research and public interpretive settings. How then, with the practice of virtual heritage modeling becoming more common, can we best utilize our efforts? What is the best way to make share our work with an increasingly interested public? This paper examines a virtual heritage project in Tucson, Arizona to examine some of these issues. I posit that virtual heritage can play a crucial role in building a sense of community place.
Central amygdala ERK signaling pathway is critical to incubation of cocaine craving

Using a rat model of craving and relapse, we have previously found time-dependent increases in cue-induced cocaine seeking over the first months of withdrawal from cocaine, suggesting that drug craving incubates over time. Here, we explored the role of the amygdala extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in this incubation. Cocaine seeking induced by exposure to cocaine cues was substantially higher after 30 withdrawal days than after 1 withdrawal day. Exposure to these cues increased ERK phosphorylation in the central, but not the basolateral, amygdala after 30 d, but not 1 d, of withdrawal. After 30 d of withdrawal from cocaine, inhibition of central, but not basolateral, amygdala ERK phosphorylation decreased cocaine seeking. After 1 d of withdrawal, stimulation of central amygdala ERK phosphorylation increased cocaine seeking. Results suggest that the incubation of cocaine craving is mediated by time-dependent increases in the responsiveness of the central amygdala ERK pathway to cocaine cues.
Low Resting Heart Rate as an Unequivocal Risk Factor for Both the Perpetration of and Exposure to Violence

Low resting heart rate (RHR) has for some time been suspected to be a risk factor for crime and violence. One prior meta-analysis of 40 studies with a combined sample of 5868 individuals documented an association between low RHR and high antisocial and aggressive behavior in child and adolescent samples. But questions remain. Is low RHR also a robust risk factor for adult violence? Does it prospectively predict violence? And what about less serious offenses such as traffic violations? Language: en
Role of New Diagnosis, Social Isolation, and Depression in Older Adults’ Smoking Cessation

Purpose of the Study: Though older adults smoke at a lower rate than younger adults, cessation can be difficult, especially after years of smoking. This paper examined the influence of a diagnosis of chronic illness, social isolation, and depression on smoking cessation among the most recent cohort of older smokers who were representative of U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Design and Methods: We used data from the 20 11 (T1) and 2012 (T2) interview waves of the U.S. National Health and Aging Trends Study. Multivariate regression models examined correlates of T1 smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker; n = 6,680) and predictors of T2 smoking status among T1 smokers (quit smoking vs. continued smoking; n = 412). Results: At T1, 8.8%, 44.7%, and 46.5% of the sample, respecti vely, were current, former, and never smokers. Current smokers had lower socioeconomic status, were more socially isolated, and had higher depressive symptoms than never smokers. At T2, 88.9% of T1 smokers continued smoking and 11.1% no longer smoked. The odds of smoking cessation increased with a new diagnosis of chronic illness since T1 and decreased with a higher number of cigarettes smoked at T1. Social isolation at T1 increased the odds of smoking cessation, but depressive symptoms at T1 were not a significant factor. Implications: Heavy-smoking older adults may require extended pharmac hotherapy and counseling. As newly diagnosed health problems can be a trigger for smoking cessation, health care providers can motivate and help older adults quit (or reduce) smoking as an integral part of their practices.
A new specimen of Eutretauranosuchus (Crocodyliformes; Goniopholididae) from Dry Mesa, Colorado

ABSTRACT A nearly complete skull of Eutretauranosuchus delfsi was uncovered at the upper Jurassic Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in western Colorado. It permits an expanded description of the taxon. Like the holotype, from Canyon City, Colorado, the Dry Mesa specimen probably represents a subadult, based on faint parallel lincations in the frontal, incomplete ossification in the otic region, incomplete sculpturing of the dermal bone, and an incompletely fused occipital condyle. The Dry Mesa specimen is compared with the type specimen, crocodyliformes Amphicotylus, photographs of the type specimen, and other related crocodyliformes described in the literature. A phylogenetic analysis lends support to a close relationship between Eutretauranosuchus, Calsoyasuchus, and Sunosuchus.
Effect of Propeller on Engine Cooling System Drag and Performance

The pressure recovery of incoming cooling air and the drag associated with engine cooling of a typical general aviation twin-engine aircraft was Investigated experimentally. The semispan model was mounted vertically in the 40 x 80-Foot Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center. The propeller was driven by an electric motor to provide thrust with low vibration levels for the cold-now configuration. It was found that the propeller slip-stream reduces the frontal air spillage around the blunt nacelle shape. Consequently, this slip-stream effect promotes flow reattachment at the rear section of the engine nacelle and improves inlet pressure recovery. These effects are most pronounced at high angles of attack; that is, climb condition. For the cruise condition those improvements were more moderate.
Quantitative Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Correlations during Germination of Spores of Bacillus Species

Bacteria of Bacillus species sporulate upon starvation, and the resultant dormant spores germinate when the environment appears likely to allow the resumption of vegetative growth. Normally, the rates of germination of individual spores in populations are very heterogeneous, and the current work has investigated whether spore-to-spore communication enhances the synchronicity of germination. In order to do this work, time-lapse optical images of thousands of individual spores were captured during germination, and an image analysis algorithm was developed to do the following: (i) measure the positions and germination rates of many thousands of individual spores and (ii) compute pairwise correlations of their germination. This analysis showed that an individual spore's germination rate was dependent on its distance from other spores, especially at short distances. Thus, spores that were within a few micrometers exhibited an increased synchronicity in germination, suggesting that there is a mechanism for short-range communication between such spores during germination. However, two molecules known to be germinants that are released during germination, l-alanine and the 1:1 chelate of Ca2+ and dipicolinic acid, did not mediate spore-to-spore communication during germination.
Habitat Associations of the Eastern Hognose Snake at the Northern Edge of Its Geographic Distribution: Should a Remnant Population Guide Restoration?

Abstract Heterodon platirhinos (Eastern Hognose Snake [EHS]) is a species of conservation concern in the northeastern United States. As an initial step toward potential restoration, we examined habitat associations of a peripheral population of EHS in New Hampshire. At the landscape scale, transmitter-equipped snakes were found most often in developed lands, followed by, in order of frequency, mixed forest, Pinus strobus/P. resinosa (Eastern White/ Red Pine) stands, and 7 other cover types. Within individual home ranges, snakes selected Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock) stands most often, followed by, in order of frequency, White/Red Pine stands, mixed forest, Fagus grandifolia/Quercus spp. (American Beech/ oak) stands, and 6 other cover types. Compared to random locations, microhabitat features at snake activity sites included higher ground-surface temperatures, closer proximity to wetlands, less canopy closure, and more abundant shrubs, ground debris, and rock cover. When combined with a previous study...
Inflammatory myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease): neuroradiologic findings.

Controversy has surrounded the rare clinicopathologic en­ tity of inflammatory myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (IMDS) since the seminal description of Schilder in 1912 [1]. Since that time several distinct myelinoclastic and dysmyelinating conditions have been grouped under this eponym. To this newly described demyelinating disease, the author planted the seeds of an enduring controversy by including two addi­ tional cases (1913, 1924) [2, 3] that, in retrospect, were shown to be examples of a leukodystrophy and , possibly, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, respectively. As a result, the evolving eponym "Schilder's" has come to represent a much wider spectrum of disease than the original 1912 de­ scription, including examples of adrenoleukodystrophy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transitional sclerosis, and juvenile multiple sclerosis. In the context of recent advances in biochemistry, neuroimaging, and electrophysiology, it has been possible to more systematically separate related disor­ ders of white matter. This diagnostic reappraisal has allowed the emergence of a rare IMDS that remains faithful to Schild­ er's original 1912 description. We present only the third fully documented case. The temporal profile spans the entire spectrum of clinical forms of IMDS previously defined by Lhermitte [4]. Because of the rapid and dramatic fluctuations in the patient's functional status, it has been possible to obtain sequential CT and comparative MR scans that graph­ ically document the interplay of cavitary and diffuse white­ matter lesions. This has allowed cliniconeuroradiologic assessment of this rare but distinctive inflammatory myelino­ clastic condition, rigorously defined by biochemical, patho­ logic, and electrophysiologic criteria.
We Don't Need No Stinkin' VAT

Johnson argues that a VAT will increase the harm that taxes do by shifting the tax burden from high-income earners to low-income earners and will require a whole new and complicated administrative apparatus in Washington and every business. A cash flow consumption tax entails less added administration and allows easier adjustment to progressive tax rates. Johnson argues that the case for any consumption tax is weak, because taxpayers either do not save more when tax on capital goes down or they save less. He says that to increase revenue, Congress must repair the income tax base — for instance, with Shelf Project proposals.
Effects of male targeted harvest regime on sexual segregation in mountain lion

Abstract Male targeted harvest regimes of carnivores are now widely accepted to result in increased sexually selected infanticide (SSI). Male targeted harvest regimes of males should therefore result in increased sexually segregated habitat use in infanticidal carnivores. We tested the effects of low and high levels of male hunting mortality and associated SSI on sexually segregated habitat use in mountain lions. The “no effect of hunting” hypothesis predicts that no sexual segregation would occur or that all female mountain lions would segregate from males because of sexual dimorphism. The “hunting effect” hypothesis predicts that females with kittens would segregate from younger immigrant males in the heavily hunted population during summer when kittens are vulnerable to SSI. We rejected the “no effect” hypothesis and accepted the “hunting effect” hypothesis for mountain lions. Females with kittens avoided immigrant males in the heavily hunted population during summer—others did not. This sexual segregation corresponded with females with kittens selecting for food-poor, high elevations in the heavily hunted population but not in the lightly hunted population. Avoidance of males and selection for high elevations resulted in prey switching by females with kittens from abundant primary prey in lower elevations to rare, sensitive and threatened secondary prey at higher elevations. It appears that remedial sport hunting of mountain lions to reduce predation on declining prey actually caused sexual segregation and increased predation on declining prey. We suggest that excess mortality of male carnivores could result in unanticipated cascade effects including sexual segregation and prey switching to declining prey.
The Microeconomics of College Choice, Careers, and Wages: Measuring the Impact of Higher Education

Understanding the economic payoff to human investments is very important from the standpoint both of individuals and of society. Correctly estimating these impacts necessitates having a well-developed idea of the microeconomic determinants of human behavior. Without this, empirical analyses of such topics as career choice, college choice, or wage determination will be flawed. We begin with a discussion of why these choice models are important - using examples of similar attempts that do not capture sufficient information - and illustrate their usefulness in a variety of contexts. We also describe the results of our attempts to examine college choice using microeconomic models.
Electrosensitization assists cell ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric field in 3D cultures

Previous studies reported a delayed increase of sensitivity to electroporation (termed “electrosensitization”) in mammalian cells that had been subjected to electroporation. Electrosensitization facilitated membrane permeabilization and reduced survival in cell suspensions when the electric pulse treatments were split in fractions. The present study was aimed to visualize the effect of sensitization and establish its utility for cell ablation. We used KLN 205 squamous carcinoma cells embedded in an agarose gel and cell spheroids in Matrigel. A local ablation was created by a train of 200 to 600 of 300-ns pulses (50 Hz, 300–600 V) delivered by a two-needle probe with 1-mm inter-electrode distance. In order to facilitate ablation by engaging electrosensitization, the train was split in two identical fractions applied with a 2- to 480-s interval. At 400–600 V (2.9–4.3 kV/cm), the split-dose treatments increased the ablation volume and cell death up to 2–3-fold compared to single-train treatments. Under the conditions tested, the maximum enhancement of ablation was achieved when two fractions were separated by 100 s. The results suggest that engaging electrosensitization may assist in vivo cancer ablation by reducing the voltage or number of pulses required, or by enabling larger inter-electrode distances without losing the ablation efficiency.
Income Inequality and American State Politics

The rapidly expanding research literature in comparative state politics typically measures its dependent and independent variables with references to means, averages, and per capitas for each state. (For example, environmental inputs may be expressed as per capita personal income, percent of population living in urban places, median school year completed by the population over 25, etc.; political characteristics may be expressed as average voter turnout levels, percent of the total vote cast for the winning party, etc.; policy outputs are often expressed as per capita expenditures for education, average monthly payments for old age assistance, per capita tax revenues, etc.) With measures such as these, the comparative state politics research has systematically explored many of the linkages between environmental inputs, political system characteristics, and public policy outcomes.Perhaps the most serious reservation regarding this research is its failure to examine distributive and redistributive aspects of state politics. Both dependent and independent variables are generally expressed as levels or amounts or averages for whole states; these can be neatly arranged for comparative analysis both longitudinally and cross-sectionally. But what about the distribution of wealth within a state? Or the distribution of public monies among high and low income groups, rural and urban populations, or other divisions within a state's population. The linkages between the distribution of resources within states, the distribution of influence within state political systems, and public policies reflecting distributional decisions, remain largely untested.
Conceptualizing privacy

I often lead discussions and give presentations where I need to get the audience in the mindset to start thinking about privacy in a way to which they could personally relate, understand others' privacy expectations, and discover for themselves that privacy is about more than just technical security controls for personally identifiable information (PII). Below are an approach and an exercise I took my audience through in a few presentations last year; they both have been well received and I think others might find them useful.
Harnwegsinfekt und vesikorenaler Reflux — Einführung

Es ist kaum zu glauben, das nur ungefahr 30 Jahre vergangen sind, seitdem wir die Pathologie des vesikorenalen Refluxes ernstlich diskutieren. Wir brauchen nur an einen unserer grosen Lehrer zu denken, Peter Bischoff, der uns seit vielen Jahren mahnte und bewies, das der vesikoureterale Reflux nicht ein normales Durchgangsstadium in der Entwicklung des Kindes ist, sondern eine zerstorende Wirkung auf die sich entwickelnde Niere hat. Wir befassen uns mit der Frage des vesikoureteralen Refluxes seit 1954 und haben die Indikation zur operativen Behandlung sehr weit gestellt. Aber wie immer, schwingt das Pendel hin und her. Es ist nicht allzu lange her, seit wir alle sagten: Jeder Reflux ist schadlich. Es kam nicht darauf an, ob das Kind Krankheitssymptome hatte oder asymptomatisch war. Als Chirurgen haben wir den Reflux korrigiert. Die Padiater, die konservativen Kollegen von uns, hatten uns schon damals gesagt, das nicht jeder Reflux operiert werden mus. Heute wissen wir, das ungefahr 30% der Kinder mit Reflux konservativ behandelt werden konnen, solange der Krankheitsverlauf genau kontrolliert wird.
Nutritional indexes of clients in a maternity and infant care project. I. The target population.

Nutritionists in a Detroit maternity and infant care project saw 198 pregnant women and their infants in one year. The population of this retrospective study is described.
Trash or Treasure? Re-conceptualizing My Ruins as a Tool for Re-imagining the Nature of Science Teacher Education

The process of becoming a science teacher and teacher educator is inherently embedded in the ruins of American culture. Through a feminist post-structural lens, I re-examine the ways structures and discourse implicitly and explicitly shape my work and subjectivity as a becoming-science teacher educator. Utilizing a traditional American garage sale as an overarching metaphor I engage three items for sale: (a) The Scientific Method as Almighty, (b) Tradition or Standardization, and (c) Strategic Efforts to De-gender STEM. Each item demonstrates the complicated conversations of science teacher preparation; yet, further constitutes normative perceptions of what it means to know, do, and teach science. This chapter provides three points of entry for science teacher educator preparation: (1) shift from notions of identity to onto-epistemological becoming; (2) use critical autobiographical inquiry; and (3) examine the scientism of education. Through my excavation, I reconcile the treasure I seek is found in the rummage.
Iron and Steel: Early History of Iron and Steel

Native Iron The only sources of iron available to early humans were meteoric iron and native (telluric) iron. Both were scarce. Most meteorites are nonmetallic; only about 6% are iron, and these contain about 7 to 15% nickel. In 1808, William Thomson sectioned and etched a meteorite, noting the remarkable patterns. Although he published his findings in 1808, they attracted little interest. Also in 1808, an Austrian, Alois von Widmannstatten, also etched a meteorite and observed the structure that is now known by his name. In 1820, he and Carl von Schreibers published a book on meteorites, which contained a print from a heavily etched meteorite (Figure 2.1). Native iron is even scarcer, being limited to small particles in western Greenland. Archeological finds of iron with considerable amounts of nickel suggest that they were made from meteorites. The first production of iron dates back to at least 2000 bc in India and Sri Lanka. By 1200 bc , production of iron was widespread in China and the Near East. The most common iron ores are hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). Smelting of iron involved heating iron ore (oxides of iron) with charcoal. The reaction of iron oxide with carbon produced carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The air was supplied by either a natural draft or some means of blowing. Early furnaces were of various types. An open-pit furnace is shown in Figure 2.2. The carbon content of iron produced in pit furnaces was usually low because of the low temperatures achieved and resulted in semisolid sponge.
Tau Phosphorylation-Much More than a Biomarker.

Lasagna-Reeves et al. (2016) demonstrate that preventing the kinase Nuak1 from phosphorylating the microtubule-associated protein tau reduces the level of potentially pathogenic tau species in brain, a novel therapeutic strategy that could help counteract Alzheimer's disease and several other neurological disorders.
Pregnancy Toxemia of Ewes, Does, and Beef Cows

Pregnancy toxemia commonly affects pregnant ewes and does during late gestation. This metabolic disease is thought to result from disruption of the dam's glucose homeostatic mechanism in response to increased nutritional demands of the rapidly developing fetal placental unit. Commercial production systems are comprised of a variety of nutritional, metabolic, genetic, physiologic, environmental, economic, health, and management factors that singularly or as a group influence the clinical expression of pregnancy toxemia. Recognizing the role management plays in controlling these inputs is crucial to pregnancy toxemia prevention and treatment programs.
Alt-News and Post-Truths in the "Fake News" Era

Fact checking must be done as a public good, but it's pointless to direct the results at those who can't change their mind and won't change the subject. Our focus should be on developing a set of online tools to facilitate the fact-checking process and make it easily accessible to those who wish their truth straight up.
Is It True? Helping Students Assess Information Credibility

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:This session will engage participants in an activity designed to demonstrate how to teach students effective strategies for evaluating the credibility of sources. The outcome of this session will be to provide teachers with the ability to teach their students to identify unreliable sources through an active learning experience.________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT:AÂ George Mason strives to involve undergraduates in research and scholarship. Students use the internet to inform and direct almost every aspect of their lives, both as emerging citizens and as scholars. The proliferation of A¢â¬Afake newsA¢â¬Â and A¢â¬Aalternative factsA¢â¬Â makes it difficult for students to feel confident that they can assess the credibility of the information they find online, no matter how digitally savvy they may be. College students need these skills to be able to evaluate and assess information and to understand the significance of evidence-based arguments.The demonstrated activities, which are applicable to a wide variety of disciplines, are two-fold. One is a civic online reasoning exercise recently piloted in an introductory public health class, based on materials developed by Dr. Sam Wineburg at the Stanford History Education Group.The second task is a small-group evaluation taught in an English composition course. The activity reviews a variety of online sources that are fake news, exaggerated claims, or clickbait headlines. This lesson plan, based on the avalanche of recently published information on web literacy is designed to give students a very A¢â¬Areal-time,A¢â¬Â interactive way to develop these skills.We will then review a A¢â¬Abest practicesA¢â¬Â process for students to use to better enable them to assess the validity of online resources with confidence.Faculty who attend this session will be able to teach a one hour, highly interactive class that helps their students identify unreliable information and A¢â¬Afake news,A¢â¬Â develop a process for finding credible online sources, and improving their overall digital literacy.For more information about the writing and research process for students:AÂ https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/writing-and-researchAÂ
Flash Activity in Two Synchronic Firefly Species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)

Synchronic flashing in fireflies is a precisely timed behavior. This is a potentially useful tool to study sensory processing, the location and circuitry of the flash oscillator, and neuroeffector ...
Comparison of heat flux measurement techniques during the DIII-D metal ring campaign

The heat fluxes expected in the ITER divertor raise concerns about the damage tolerances of tungsten, especially due to thermal transients caused by edge localized modes (ELMs) as well as frequent temperature cycling from high to low extremes. Therefore we are motivated to understand the heat flux conditions that can cause not only enhanced erosion but also bulk thermo-mechanical damage to a tungsten divertor. For the metal ring campaign in DIII-D, tungsten-coated TZM tile inserts were installed making two toroidal arrays of metal tile inserts in the lower divertor. This study examines the deposited heat flux on these rings with embedded thermocouples (TCs) sampling at 10 kHz and compares them to Langmuir probe (LP) and infrared thermography (IRTV) heat flux measurements. We see agreement of the TC, LP, and IRTV data within 20% of the heat flux averaged over the entire discharge, and that all three diagnostics suggest parallel heat flux at the OSP location increases linearly with input heating power. The TC and LP heat flux time traces during the discharge trend together during large changes to the average heat flux. By subtracting the LP measured inter-ELM heat flux from TC data, using a rectangular ELM energy pulse shape, and taking the relative size and duration of each ELM from measurements, we extract the ELM heat fluxes from TC data. This over-estimates the IRTV measured ELM heat fluxes by a factor of 1.9, and could be due to the simplicity of the TC heat flux model and the assumed ELM energy pulse shape. ELM heat fluxes deposited on the inserts are used to model tungsten erosion in this campaign. These TC ELM heat flux estimates are used in addition to IRTV, especially in cases where the IRTV view to the metal ring is obstructed. We observe that some metal inserts were deformed due to exposed leading edges. The thermal conditions on these inserts are investigated with the thermal modeling code ABAQUS using our heat flux measurements when these edges were exposed. We discuss how the thermal cycling on the ends of the inserts caused this deformation.
AI and the Automation of Wisdom

This chapter identifies three challenges to human wisdom posed by ongoing advances in robotics, machine learning, and computer automation. Building upon an account of wisdom as moral or intellectual expertise enriched by the habit of responsible self-regulation in the light of holistic value judgments, I note that in many future labor contexts, machine expertise, or the semblance of it, will appear to be an increasingly expedient and attractive substitute for human expertise and wisdom. Moreover, existing technical, political, and economic conditions may well disrupt the historical pattern in which automation eventually creates new and enriched domains for the cultivation of human expertise and wisdom. I conclude that unless we challenge these conditions and assume responsibility for their effects, we risk wasting the vast positive potential of artificial intelligence and automation, which lies in their only acceptable use: namely, enlisting their power in the full support of our own moral and intellectual perfectibility, in the service of the growth of human wisdom for the benefit of ourselves and those who share our world.
Outcomes of displaced olecranon fractures treated with the Olecranon Sled.

Background Tension-band wiring is largely considered the gold standard for fixation of displaced olecranon fractures despite high rates of hardware complications. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of displaced olecranon fractures treated with the Olecranon Sled. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all displaced olecranon fractures from 2011-2015 treated with the Olecranon Sled. Inclusion was limited to functionally independent patients with Mayo type II fractures and minimum 12-month follow-up. We assessed clinical outcomes including range of motion; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score; and Mayo Elbow Performance Score. Results Twenty-two patients with a mean follow-up period of 31.8 months (range, 12-71 months) were included in the study. All patients indicated satisfactory outcomes. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 95.5 (range, 70-100), and the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 3.1 (range, 0-18.3). The mean total arc of elbow flexion was 145° (range, 134°-158°), and the mean total arc of forearm rotation was 175° (range, 160°-180°). There were no hardware-related complications. The overall complication rate was 4.5% (1 of 22) as significant heterotopic ossification developed in 1 patient, requiring contracture release. Conclusion The Olecranon Sled is a reliable and well-tolerated implant for the treatment of olecranon fractures. This device results in excellent functional outcomes and may obviate hardware removal.
8-Month-Old Boy with Ataxia after Ingestion of Cow's Milk.

A previously healthy 8-month-old male was referred to the emergency department following 3 days of ataxia, weakness, and sleepiness after ingestion of cow's milk. He presented with mild metabolic acidosis without anion gap and mild ketonuria. Plasma total CO2 concentration was 20 mmol/L (reference interval, 20–30 mmol/L); plasma ammonia, 25 μmol/L (reference interval, 10–50 μmol/L); and plasma glucose, 87 mg/dL (reference interval, 60–115 mg/dL). Family history was unremarkable; both maternal and paternal ethnicity was El Salvadorian without consanguinity. Birth history was also unremarkable with normal developmental milestones. Newborn screening (NBS) collected at 36 h after birth was negative. During his evaluation, plasma amino acids measured by high performance liquid chromatography showed valine, >1000 μmol/L (reference interval, 64–294 μmol/L); leucine, 1153 μmol/L (reference interval, 47–155 μmol/L); isoleucine, 557 μmol/L (reference interval, 31–86 μmol/L); and allo-isoleucine, 146 μmol/L (normal, not detected). The patient has maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).3 MSUD is a disorder of branched-chain amino acid catabolism, caused by a deficiency in the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, which is responsible for the decarboxylation of the branched-chain amino acids …
Nachhaltigkeit und Investment: Psychologische Aspekte von nachhaltigkeitsorientiertem Investitionsverhalten

Das folgende Kapitel behandelt soziales Verhalten am Markt in Bezug auf nachhaltiges Investieren. Das dem Menschen innewohnende Grundbestreben zu sozial verantwortlichem Verhalten wird beleuchtet an den folgenden psychologischen Motiven: Okonomische Nutzenmaximierung, Altruismus, Vertrauen und Reziprozitat, unternehmerisches Innovationsstreben, strategische Fuhrungsvorteile durch sozialen Status, Nutzen durch Transparenz und Informationsaustausch, interne Kontrolluberzeugung, Selbstwertsteigerung durch Identifikation und Selbst-Konsistenz sowie die Verkorperung von sozialen und langfristig-orientierten Werten. Umweltokonomisch gesehen behandelt das Kapitel einerseits den Ausschluss von umweltschadigendem Verhalten durch negatives Screening von naturliche Ressourcen schadigende Marktallokationen, gleichzeitig werden aber auch die positiven Potenziale des Finanzmarktes beschrieben, um Nachhaltigkeit finanzierbar zu machen. Insgesamt liefert das Kapitel Potenziale und Problematiken von Nachhaltigkeit und Investitionen. Losungen zur Klimawandelfinanzierung uber Generationen sowie Implementierung von Nachhaltigkeit werden beschrieben mit dem Ziel, dem okologischen Fairnessmandat fur diese und folgende Generationen gerecht zu werden.
Superior Pedicle Vertical Scar Mammaplasty: Surgical Technique

I first tried the vertical reduction technique to minimize scars but have stayed with it because I saw improved results that hold up over time. It is my preferred method for breast reduction and mastopexy. Vertical scar techniques have not gained popularity in the United States as rapidly as in Europe and South America. The reluctance to abandon the Wise pattern in favor of the vertical reduction has been related to concerns over the safety of the superior pedicle and familiarity, satisfaction, and comfort level with the inferior pedicle and central mound techniques, which enjoy tremendous popularity in the United States. However, over the past few years, there has been greater interest in short-scar breast surgery in the United States with increasing application of the vertical techniques for reduction and mastopexy.
Reputation, gatekeeping, and the politics of post-marketing drug regulation.

Physicians are cautioned that the two obstacles to reforming post-marketing clinical trials are the FDA's reluctance to revisit past approvals and its inability to enforce pharmaceutical companies' commitment to conduct Phase IV trials. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Keratin Fibers and Structures for Nanofiltration

Keratin protein is the main composition of the fiber fraction separated from the feather. These fibers consist of a network of hollow fibrous structures which act as nanofilters. The metal binding capacity of functional groups present in the structure of the protein network is unique for removal of heavy metals from solutions. The fibers are stable at acidic as well as alkaline pH, and have substantial structural integrity. Keratin fibers can be reused several times by conducting loading-elution cycles. Adsorbed heavy metals can be desorbed from the fiber by pH adjustments. The alkaline ultrasonic activation process improves adsorption capacity of keratin protein fibers.