cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Examination of a Culturally Sensitive University Career Center: Outreach, Services, and Evaluation.

The demographic composition in the United States has changed considerably in the past few decades. The size of racial/ethnic minority populations is expected to continue to grow substantially into the next millennium due to high immigration rates and birth rates within these groups. In particular, the growth rate among Hispanics and Asian Americans is expected to be considerable. At the same time, the projected increase of European Americans is small in comparison to other groups. By the year 2050, the demographic composition is expected to shift from a predominantly White American society to one in which the total number of racial/ethnic minorities actually out number European Americans (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992). This marks a significant change in the look of our society: one that points to diversification and difference. These changing demographics are being mirrored on university and college campuses, as the number of racial and ethnic minority student enrollment has been on the rise. Since the Civil Rights movement in the 1960's, there has been a greater awareness of the experiences of people of color in our society. In addition, the Civil Rights movement led to the proliferation of other movements from oppressed groups in our society, namely, women and sexual orientation minorities. Overall, these have led to an increased awareness of contextual factors which affect certain individuals in our society. On university campuses, this has been reflected in part by the formation of special interest groups (i.e., Gay,
Sphingolipids and cell function.

Abstract In this short article, Leslie Ballou draws together the various strands of evidence that suggest that sphingolipids function as a unique class of second messenger molecules, capable of modulating a wide variety of cellular processes.
Interactivity in the Context of Designed Experiences

AbstractInteractivity is something researchers study, new technology commercials promote, and designers create. It’s not something people do. People use the internet, watch TV, shop, explore, learn, send and receive email, look things up… The word interactivity and its derivatives are used to represent so many different meanings that the word muddles rather than clarifies the speaker’s intent. The construct is worth salvaging carefully so future research more clearly defines the interaction parameters of interest and specifies what aspect(s) of interactivity are being examined. This article offers a conceptualization of interactivity and suggests domains for operationalizations intended to be useful for researchers and designers.
Historic Cases: Spearin v. United States

When I agreed to write a regular column based upon historic cases, I did not give much thought as to how I would define a historic case. But in this first column I should state my criteria for choosing a particular case or, as we will see on occasion, a pair of cases as historic. A case can become historic because of the judicial stature of the judge who wrote the opinion. Another factor is the reputation of the court that handed down the opinion as a “leading jurisdiction” to which other courts look for guidance. A historic case may change existing law or move it in a new direction. Sometimes such a case clarifies an unclear law. A historic opinion can provide a careful articulation of its holding as well as a coherent rationale for the legal rule announced. Both are needed to guide the bench and bar in future cases as well as guide those who must perform in accordance with the law. A historic case may give its name to a particular legal rule. The rule becomes known by the case name. But at times the case name may have been forgotten as later cases may take on the mantle of the rule and are cited more often. If so, we may be hard put to remember the name of the fountainhead case, though this does not necessarily diminish the classification of the earlier case as historic. That many cases that have followed the rule articulated by the earlier case may make the case historic. A case can be historic because it has been enshrined in the textbooks. A construction law case, for example, can be considered historic when it is known by construction lawyers and generates continued critique and appraisal. My first historic case, Spearin v. United States, fits many of the criteria for the classifying of the case as historic. It set forth a rule that became established and followed. The opinion was written by a famous judge and the case was decided by the highest court in the land. The name of the case became identified with the legal doctrine it generated. We hear many references to the Spearin doctrine. Constant appraisal and study is demonstrated by the frequent conferences and workshops devoted to it. Finally, it has been reproduced in the leading Construction Law texts Sweet and Schneier 2009 , and is one known by the construction bar and others involved in construction. Now let us look at the case. Spearin v. United States was decided in 1918. The opinion was written for a unanimous United States Supreme Court by Mr. Justice Louis Brandeis. Mr. Justice Brandeis was an important and well-known Supreme Court judge. I am certain that his authorship gave the case more significance than it would have had were it written by an ordinary judge. That it was decided by the highest court in the land adds to its stature. A case decided by the United States Supreme Court is a rarity in construction law. Of course, the Court may venture into construction disputes now and then, such as in cases involving affirmative action in awarding public contracts Adarand
Confirmational, provisional, and/or regional assignment of 15 enzyme loci onto Chinese hamster autosomes 1, 2, and 7

PEG-mediated fusion between mouse Cl1d cells and primary Chinese hamster spleen cells produced interspecific hybrids which slowly and nonrandomly segregated Chinese hamster chromosomes. Cytogenetic and isozyme analysis (31 loci) of HAT and BrdU selected hybrid clones and subclones and of members of a hybrid clone panel retaining different combinations of Chinese hamster chromosomes enabled provisional assignment of the following enzyme loci on Chinese hamster chromosomes: thymidine kinase, galactokinase, and acid phosphatase-1 to chromosome 7; galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase to chromosome 2; and adenosine kinase, esterase D, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase, nucleoside phosphorylase, peptidases B and S, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) 2 to chromosome 1. Assignments of PGM1, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and enolase 1 to chromosome 2 were confirmed, and a chromosome 2 deletion (q23-q33) enabled the provisional assignment of PGM1 to that region. The assignments provide markers for the study of the genetic consequences of chromosomal rearrangements in Chinese hamster cell lines and support the concept of conservation of mammalian autosomal linkage groups.
Chronic Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis following injury with a retained intraocular foreign body.

Chronic Staphylococcus hominis endophthalmitis following injury with a retained intraocular foreign body
Shelf‐lives and factors affecting the stability of morphine sulphate and meperidine (pethidine) hydrochloride in plastic syringes for use in patient‐controlled analgesic devices

Published reports regarding the stability of morphine are at variance, especially in syringes used in patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) devices. In addition to the effects of container type and vehicle, reasons for this variation include the effect of excipients temperature and light during storage. Furthermore, the literature varies regarding the mechanisms of decomposition for morphine. To our knowledge, the stability of meperidine (pethidine) stored in plastic syringes has not been reported. The purposes of this study were to investigate the stability of morphine sulphate (1 and 5 mg/ml) and meperidine hydrochloride (5 and 10 mg/ml) in plastic syringes for use in PCA devices for a duration of 12 weeks, and evaluate the influence of light (240 foot-candles), temperature (-20, 4 and 23 degrees C), diluent (5% dextrose or normal saline), and drug concentration on the stability of these narcotic analgesics. Samples were taken bi-weekly for solutions protected from light and weekly for solutions exposed to light. Morphine sulphate and meperidine hydrochloride concentrations were quantified using independent, stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic assays. The within-day and between-day coefficients of variation for these assays were < or = 4% over each of the concentration ranges studied. Under the conditions of this study, it is proposed that although decomposition of morphine to its main product, pseudomorphine, can be interpreted using first-order kinetics, consecutive (to form the N-oxide) and parallel mechanisms (to form apomorphine) exist. Morphine solutions were more stable in normal saline than in 5% dextrose. Shelf-life data indicate that morphine is stable for at least 6 weeks when protected from light.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Euclidean gray-scale granulometries: Representation and umbra inducement

A basic filter theory within mathematical morphology involves the binary granulometric theory of G. Matheron. This theory results in a size-distribution analysis that has proved beneficial in the characterization of random-grain image models. Of central importance are the Euclidean granulometries, which admit a particularly elegant representation. The present paper extends the Matheron binary Euclidean granulometric theory to the gray scale. In doing so, it draws on the lattice formulations of openings and abstract granulometric processes. Given these, the concept of gray-scale Euclidean granulometry is defined in terms of a signal scalar multiplication that is compatible with the umbra transform. Once the definition has been extended, the fundamental Matheron representation in terms of unit generators is generalized to the gray scale. Attention is then paid to the inducements of gray-scale-to-binary and binary-to-gray-scale operators that result naturally from the umbra methodology. It is demonstrated that this inducement results in the inducement of Euclidean granulometries in both directions.
Questioning eschatological questions about marketing Apocalypse conditional

States that knowledge drawn from relevant dimensions of reality answers questions about the ultimate end of the world. Marketing technologies are appropriate means for achieving four states that reduce probabilities of an apocalyptic doomsday: population stabilization, health maintenance, conflict resolution and ecosystem renewal. Marketing knowledge can answer eschatological questions by organizing information feedback of market response, co‐operative efforts in trading networks, executing mutually beneficial market exchanges and social learning that diffuses new products and ideas. By imposing penalties and rewards that can direct all market participants towards a sustainable society, marketing technologies have the potential to encourage sustainable development rather than apocalypse.
Trends in Respiratory Diagnoses and Symptoms of Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster: 2005-2010

Abstract Objectives To compare the prevalence of self-reported respiratory diagnoses in World Trade Center-exposed Fire Department of New York City firefighters to the prevalence in demographically similar National Health Interview Survey participants by year; and, 2) to describe the prevalence of World Trade Center-related symptoms up to 9 years post-9/11. Methods We analyzed 45,988 questionnaires completed by 10,999 firefighters from 10/2/2001 to 9/11/2010. For comparison of diagnosis rates, we calculated 95% confidence intervals around yearly firefighter prevalence estimates and generated odds ratios and confidence intervals to compare the odds of diagnoses in firefighters to the National Health Interview Survey prevalence, by smoking status. Results Overall, World Trade Center-exposed firefighters had higher respiratory diagnosis rates than the National Health Interview Survey; Fire Department of New York City rates also varied less by smoking status. In 2009, bronchitis rates in firefighters aged 45–65 were 13.3 in smokers versus 13.1 in never-smokers while in the National Health Interview Survey, bronchitis rates were doubled for smokers: 4.3 vs. 2.1. In serial cross-sectional analyses, the prevalence of most symptoms stabilized by 2005, at ~ 10% for cough to ~ 48% for sinus. Conclusions We found generally higher rates of respiratory diagnoses in World Trade Center-exposed firefighters compared to US males, regardless of smoking status. This underscores the impact of World Trade Center exposure and the need for continued monitoring and treatment of this population.
Model for Interpretation and Correlation of Contact Angle Measurements

Abstract An improved formulation relating the contact angle to the surface coverage is presented and verified. The Ohmiet al.data (Particle Sci. Technol.7,229, 1993) for ultracleaning of wafer surfaces are analyzed and correlated mathematically. It is shown that the new formulation represents the Ohmiet al.and Englanderet al.(J. Colloid Interface Sci.179,635, 1996) data satisfactorily. In addition, the present study provides some insight into the mechanism of the variation of the surface coverage and the contact angle.
Contribution of lake trout stocked as fry to an adult population in Lake Superior.

ABSTRACT Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush fry treated with heated water to create thermal marks in their otoliths were stocked at Sve's Reef in Minnesota waters of Lake Superior in 1994, 1995, and 1996. These fish began to reach maturity in 2000, and were vulnerable to annual assessment gill nets set at several locations along the Minnesota shoreline. Captured fish also included fin-clipped lake trout stocked as yearlings, and naturally reproduced (wild) lake trout. Otoliths from 3106 undipped lake trout were aged and examined for thermal marks from 2000 to 2007, of which 1152 were from the target year classes (1994–1996). Thermal marks were found in otoliths from 64 fish, or 5.6% of those in the target year classes, demonstrating that stocked fry contributed to the adult lake trout population in Minnesota waters. Although numbers of recaptured fish were too low to demonstrate statistically significant differences, higher recapture rates of marked fish at Sve's Reef in fall and spawning assessments suggest...
Improving COPD interventions

Two case studies show treatment options to help heavy smokers with COPD, writes Darush Attar-Zadeh
Factors predicting prolonged length of stay after carotid endarterectomy.

Abstract Background: Over the last several years, implementation of critical pathways in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy has decreased postoperative length of stay significantly. Discharge the day after surgery has become commonplace in many centers, including our own. Unfortunately, managed care may interpret this refinement as a standard of care and limit reimbursement or even disallow admissions extending beyond 1 day. We therefore examined our carotid registry to identify risk factors associated with postoperative length of stay exceeding 1 day. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy at our academic center from May 1996 through April 1999. Combined procedures and patients undergoing subsequent noncarotid-related procedures on those admissions were excluded. The charts were inspected for atherosclerosis risk factors, including sex and age, specific attending surgeon, side of the surgery, use of intravenous vasoactive drugs, actual preoperative blood pressure, and presence of neurologic symptoms or postoperative complications. Multiple regression analysis was performed on all collected variables. Statistical significance was inferred for P less than.05. Results: A total of 188 patients met the study criteria and had complete, retrievable medical records. A mean postoperative length of stay of 1.65 ± 0.08 days and a mean total length of stay of 2.17 ± 0.14 days were observed. Fifty-seven percent of patients went home the day after surgery. There was a 1.6% stroke-mortality rate. Significant predictors of a prolonged stay, listed in order of decreasing importance on the basis of their calculated contribution to prolonging the postoperative length of stay, are as follows ( P value; β coefficient): postoperative complications ( 79 years (.008; 0.547), diabetes mellitus (.011; 0.407), female sex (.007; 0.398), and intravenous vasodilator requirement (.035; 0.382). Other atherosclerosis risk factors, prior neurologic symptoms, the postoperative use of vasopressors, and reoperative surgery did not contribute to extended length of stay. Conclusions: Discharge on the first postoperative day is feasible in many, but not all, patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Our data help define subsets of patients at risk for prolonged postoperative stay. Targeting these subsets for preoperative medical and social interventions may allow safe early discharge more frequently. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:550-4.)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing syndrome manifesting during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To report a case of adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing syndrome (CS) diagnosed and treated surgically during the third trimester of pregnancy and resulting in delivery of a healthy baby boy. METHODS We present a detailed case report, and we review and evaluate the English-language literature on CS during pregnancy. RESULTS During pregnancy, the occurrence of CS is a rare event. The diagnosis of CS during pregnancy is difficult to establish because of the normal physiologic hypercortisolemia of pregnancy. In our patient, laboratory testing revealed a random serum cortisol level of 56.5 microg/dL, a suppressed plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone level (<5 pg/mL), and a substantially elevated 24-hour urinary cortisol (1,708 microg). Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen disclosed a 3.5-cm left adrenal mass. Laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was successfully performed during the early third trimester, and a healthy baby was born at 36 weeks of gestation by means of a cesarean delivery. CONCLUSION The occurrence of CS during pregnancy is rare; however, when it does occur, adrenal tumors are more common than pituitary tumors. Caution should be used during interpretation of laboratory tests to evaluate for CS during pregnancy because of the normal increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function during pregnancy. The current case demonstrates the safety and utility of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging for localization of a tumor during pregnancy, as well as the safe use of laparoscopic surgical treatment of CS during the early third trimester.
Malagasy sluicing and its consequences for the identity requirement on ellipsis

Linguistic material cannot be freely deleted in a sentence; rather, elided material must be recoverable via some kind of parallelism with an antecedent. This paper uses sluicing (IP ellipsis) in Malagasy to argue that this parallelism requirement is a semantic restriction and not a syntactic one. An elided constituent must be semantically parallel to its antecedent but need not have parallel syntactic structure (Merchant, 2001). In Malagasy, wh-questions are pseudoclefts. Given that antecedent clauses are not pseudoclefts, sluicing is ruled out if syntactic parallelism is necessary. Sluicing is correctly allowed if there is only a semantic parallelism requirement. The paper considers an alternative that would avoid this conclusion: Malagasy wh-questions are clefts and the construction under investigation is pseudosluicing (Merchant, 1998), which is not subject to a linguistic parallelism requirement. This alternative is shown to be untenable.
Survival and cytokinesis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of chitin

Most fungal cell walls are constructed with significant amounts of chitin, a linear polysaccharide that contributes mechanical resistance to the structure. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, chitin is synthesized by three different isozymes, each of which has a separate cellular function. In this yeast, the most important role of chitin is in cytokinesis, when a thin primary septum is synthesized by chitin synthase II to separate mother and daughter cells. If no primary septum can be formed, an irregular remedial septum is synthesized, a process that relies on chitin synthase III. It was found that, with osmotic stabilization, S. cerevisiae tolerates a loss of all chitin synthase activities. Chitin-deficient mutants display a cytokinesis defect which leads to the formation of cell chains with incompletely separated cytoplasms. In these mutants septa are formed rarely. The few septa found are bulky structures which contain inclusions of cytoplasm. Nuclear division proceeds under these conditions, demonstrating that there is no cell cycle arrest triggered by a failure to form a septum between mother and daughter cell. A genetic suppressor arises quickly in chitin-deficient mutants, giving rise to the synthesis of chitin-free remedial septa. The suppressed chitin-free mutants grow well without osmotic stabilization and display hyper-resistance against the chitin-synthase inhibitor polyoxin D.
An adaptive document management system for shared multimedia data

Presents a methodology for managing information resources by permitting aggregations of mixed-media documents to be interactively defined, shared, and managed using relational database management technology in concert with an extended object-oriented data model. This hybrid approach, based on a polymorphic object model (POM), allows the definition and instantiation of new types of compound documents without requiring modifications to be made to the underlying database schema. Existing documents and results from database queries are dynamically organized into individually meaningful categories as objects using a predicate-based mechanism. Furthermore, the authors have developed a prototype document management system based on the POM. Analysis indicates that gains in flexibility are traded for slightly increased amounts of meta-data management overhead and document retrieval latencies when compared to conventional DBMS technology. >
Modeling of Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of ZrB2-SiC Ceramics after High Temperature Oxidation

The effects of oxidation on heat transfer and mechanical behavior of ZrB2-SiC ceramics at high temperature are modeled using a micromechanics based finite element model. The model recognizes that when exposed to high temperature in air ZrB2-SiC oxidizes into ZrO2, SiO2, and SiC-depleted ZrB2 layer. A steady-state heat transfer analysis was conducted at first and that is followed by a thermal stress analysis. A “global-local modeling” technique is used combining finite element with infinite element for thermal stress analysis. A theoretical formulation is developed for calculating the thermal conductivity of liquid phase SiO2. All other temperature dependent thermal and mechanical properties were obtained from published literature. Thermal stress concentrations occur near the pore due to the geometric discontinuity and material properties mismatch between the ceramic matrix and the new products. The predicted results indicate the development of thermal stresses in the SiO2 and ZrO2 layers and high residual stresses in the SiC-depleted ZrB2 layer.
Antibody-Induced Oligomerization and Activation of an Engineered Reporter Enzyme

Our objective is to produce a protein biosensor (or molecular switch) that is specifically activated in solution by a monoclonal antibody. Many effector-dependent enzymes have evolved in nature, but the introduction of a novel regulatory mechanism into a normally unregulated enzyme poses a difficult design problem. We used site-saturation mutagenesis and screening to generate effector-activated variants of the reporter enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUS). The specific activity of the purified epitope-tagged GUS variant was increased by up to ∼500-fold by the addition of an equimolar concentration of a monoclonal antibody. This molecular switch is modular in design, so it can easily be re-engineered for the detection of other peptide-specific antibodies. Such antibody-activated reporters could someday enable point-of-care serological assays for the rapid detection of infectious diseases.
A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing

Prior studies of criminal sanctioning have focused almost exclusively on individual-level predictors of sentencing outcomes. However, in recent years, scholars have begun to include social context in their research. Building off of this work—and heeding calls for testing the racial and ethnic minority threat perspective within a multilevel framework and for separating prison and jail sentences as distinct outcomes—this paper examines different dimensions of minority threat and explores whether they exert differential effects on prison versus jail sentences. The findings provide support for the racial threat perspective, and less support for the ethnic threat perspective. They also underscore the importance of testing for non-linear threat effects and for separating jail and prison sentences as distinct outcomes. We discuss the findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy.
DNA polymerase arrest by adducted trivalent chromium

Carcinogenic chromium (Cr6+) enters cells via the sulfate transport system and undergoes intracellular reduction to trivalent chromium, which strongly adducts to DNA. In this study, the effect of adducted trivalent chromium on in vitro DNA synthesis was analyzed with a polymerase-arrest assay in which prematurely terminated replication products were separated on a DNA sequencing gel. A synthetic DNA replication template was treated with increasing concentrations of chromium(III) chloride. The two lowest chromium doses used resulted in biologically relevant adduct levels (6 and 21 adducts per 1,000 DNA nucleotides) comparable with those measured in nuclear matrix DNA from cells treated with a 50% cytotoxic dose of sodium chromate in vivo. In vitro replication of the chromium-treated template DNA using the Sequenase version 2.0 T7 DNA polymerase (United States Biochemical Corp., Cleveland, OH) resulted in dose-dependent polymerase arrest beginning at the lowest adduct levels analyzed. The pattern of polymerase arrest remained consistent as chromium adduct levels increased, with the most intense arrest sites occurring 1 base upstream of guanine residues on the template strand. Replication by the DNA polymerase I large (Klenow) fragment as well as by unmodified T7 DNA polymerase also resulted in similar chromium-induced polymerase arrest. Interstrand crosslinking between complementary strands was detected in template DNA containing 62, 111, and 223 chromium adducts per 1,000 DNA nucleotides but not in template containing 6 or 21 adducts per 1,000 DNA nucleotides, in which arrest nevertheless did occur. Low-level, dose-dependent interstrand cross-linking between primer and template DNA, however, was detectable even at the lowest chromium dose analyzed. Since only 9% of chromium adducts resulted in polymerase arrest in this system, we hypothesized that arrest occurred when the enzyme encountered chromium-mediated interstrand DNA-DNA cross-links between either the template and a separate DNA molecule or the template and its complementary strand in the same molecule. These results suggest that the obstruction of DNA replication by chromium-mediated DNA-DNA cross-links is a potential mechanism of chromium-induced genotoxicity in vivo. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Active-Error Feedback and Its Application to a Specific Driver Circuit

A short discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of active-error feedback in amplifier design is given. Such feedback can yield all the advantages of ordinary negative feedback without gain reduction and is particularly suitable for use in reducing the distortion of individual amplifier stages. Active-error feedback is applied to a cathode follower by amplifying the difference between its input and output voltages, then adding the amplified error to the output. The resulting driver has very low output impedance and low distortion and is especially useful for driving the grid of an output tube far positive. A direct-coupled version of the circuit using ordinary miniature tubes had an output impedance of 5.6 ohms and could supply several hundred milliamperes of positive current. The theory of the circuit agrees with experiment, and the distortion of the driver when driving an output tube grid to the diode line is found to be far less than that of an ordinary cathode-follower driver.
Pulsed-source and swept-source spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with reduced motion artifacts

Significant motion artifacts may arise in conventional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography due to sample or probe motion during the exposure time of a CCD array. We show, for the first time to our knowledge, that the motion artifacts can be greatly reduced by short illumination of individual CCD pixels and that this can be accomplished by use of two distinct classes of light sources: broadband pulsed sources and cw wavelength-swept sources. We experimentally demonstrate the benefit of these techniques in terms of the reduction of signal fading due to an axially moving sample and fiber-optic catheter at a high rotational speed.
An optimal planning technique for an intelligent robot's part assembly in partially unstructured environments

An efficient algorithm for generating an optimal plan for part-bringing tasks, using robotic manipulators, is introduced. The task of transporting a micro-part in a partially unstructured environment, that includes obstacles whose locations are not initially known, is introduced with the optimal plan formulated on the basis of the observed environmental conditions. Fuzzy set theory, well-suited to the management of uncertainty, is introduced to address the uncertainty associated with the part-bringing procedure. A part-bringing algorithm for generating the optimal plan related to a part assembly, despite existing obstacles, is presented. It is shown that the machine organizer using a sensor system can intelligently determine an optimal plan, based on explicit performance criteria, to overcome environmental uncertainty. The algorithm utilizes knowledge processing functions such as machine reasoning, planning, memory, and decision-making. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed algorithm is applicable not only to a wide range of robotic tasks including pick and place operations and maneuvering mobile based robots around obstacles, but also to the control of unmanned aircraft.
Riparian Vegetation Assemblages and Associated Landscape Factors Across an Urbanizing Metropolitan Area

Abstract: While diverse, native riparian vegetation provides important functions, it remains unclear to what extent these assemblages can persist in urban areas, and under what conditions. We characterized forested riparian vegetation communities across an urbanizing metropolitan area and examined their relationships with surrounding land cover. We hypothesized that native and hydrophilic species assemblages would correlate with forest cover in the landscape. For each of 30 sites in the Portland-Vancouver metro area, we recorded vegetation at 1-cm intervals along 3 transects using the line-intercept method. Land cover was characterized at 2 scales: within 500 m of each site and across the entire watershed. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate relationships between species composition and land cover patterns. A classification tree was created to determine landscape predictors of riparian community type. Results indicated a strong relationship between watershed land cover and vegetation diversity and...
Plunging Into Endless Difficulties: Medicaid and Coercion in National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius

Of the four discrete questions before the Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, the Medicaid expansion held the greatest potential for destabilization from both a statutory and a constitutional perspective. As authors of an amicus brief supporting the Medicaid expansion, and scholars with expertise in health law who have been cited by the Court, we show in this article why NFIB is likely to fulfill that promise. For the first time in its history, the Court held federal legislation based upon the spending power to be unconstitutionally coercive. Chief Justice Roberts’ plurality (joined for future voting purposes by the joint dissent) decided that the Medicaid expansion created by the ACA was a “new” program to which Congress could not attach the penalty of losing all Medicaid funding for refusing to participate. NFIB signals the Roberts Court’s interest in continuing the Federalism Revolution. The Court relied on, seemingly modified, and strengthened at least two existing elements of the test for conditional spending articulated in South Dakota v. Dole. Clear notice and germaneness now appear to be folded into the newly fashioned yet undefined coercion doctrine, which relied on quantitative as well as qualitative analysis to determine that the Medicaid expansion was unconstitutionally coercive. The Court is now actively enforcing the Tenth Amendment to protect states from federal spending legislation.NFIB raises many questions regarding implementation of the Medicaid expansion as well as the ACA. The dockets will experience the reverberations of these open questions, as well as the Court’s invitation to explore the coercion doctrine. Thanks to their success before the Court, states are no longer plaintiffs claiming coercion, powerless with a “gun to the head.” The Court’s decision grants them the option to expand Medicaid or not, leaving them with the difficult political choice upon which the lives of some of our most fragile, disenfranchised citizens will rely. We are plunged into Justice Cardozo’s “endless difficulties.”
Editor's Choice Article: A survey of approaches and trends in person re-identification

Person re-identification is a fundamental task in automated video surveillance and has been an area of intense research in the past few years. Given an image/video of a person taken from one camera, re-identification is the process of identifying the person from images/videos taken from a different camera. Re-identification is indispensable in establishing consistent labeling across multiple cameras or even within the same camera to re-establish disconnected or lost tracks. Apart from surveillance it has applications in robotics, multimedia and forensics. Person re-identification is a difficult problem because of the visual ambiguity and spatiotemporal uncertainty in a person's appearance across different cameras. These difficulties are often compounded by low resolution images or poor quality video feeds with large amounts of unrelated information in them that does not aid re-identification. The spatial or temporal conditions to constrain the problem are hard to capture. However, the problem has received significant attention from the computer vision research community due to its wide applicability and utility. In this paper, we explore the problem of person re-identification and discuss the current solutions. Open issues and challenges of the problem are highlighted with a discussion on potential directions for further research.
Three Dimensional Time Domain Modelling of Lightning

The Thin-Wire Time Domain (TWTD) Code and the Waterloo Analysis and Design (WATAND) Code were combined into a new three-dimensional (3-D) time domain computer code. Based on the new computer code a 3-D time domain model of lightning was proposed. The lightning model was verified during the 1985 lightning season by measurements conducted at the CN Tower in Toronto. Using the new model, it is possible for the first time to correct the lightning current for the presence of towers and to predict the current distribution along a lightning channel.
AARC clinical practice guideline: transcutaneous monitoring of carbon dioxide and oxygen: 2012.

An electronic literature search for articles published between January 1990 and September 2011 was conducted by using the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library databases. The update of this clinical practice guideline is the result of reviewing a total of 124 articles: 3 randomized controlled trials, 103 prospective trials, 1 retrospective study, 3 case studies, 11 review articles, 2 surveys and 1 consensus paper on transcutaneous monitoring (TCM) for PtcO2 and PtcCO2. The following recommendations are made following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria: (1) Although PtcCO2 has a good correlation with PaCO2 and is a reliable method to evaluate plasma CO2 levels, it is recommended that arterial blood gas values be compared to transcutaneous readings taken at the time of arterial sampling, in order to verify the transcutaneous values, and periodically as dictated by the patient9s clinical condition. (2) It is suggested that PtcCO2 may be used in clinical settings where monitoring the adequacy of ventilation is indicated. (3) It is suggested that PtcO2 and PtcCO2 may be used in determining the adequacy of tissue perfusion and monitoring of reperfusion. (4) It is suggested that TCM should be avoided in the presence of increased thickness or edema of the skin and/or subcutaneous tissue where the sensor is applied. (5) It is recommended that sites used for a TCM be changed as often as necessary and that they be alternated and observed to avoid thermal injury. Manufacturer recommendations should be followed.
The Case for Educational Federalism: Protecting Educational Policy from the National Government's Diseconomies of Scale

In a federal system, which level of government — federal, state, or local — should pursue educational innovations? This article defends the presumption that, the higher the level of government pressing the educational innovation, the stronger the presumption that the innovation should be modest. The argument for this presumption rests on the premises, defended in the article, that (1) there are few scale economies in K-12 education that cannot be realized by subnational governments and (2) national governments suffer from diseconomies of scale that make them less responsive to parental networks most capable of insuring educational services are well-monitored for the welfare of children. In light of these two principles, national intervention in educational policy-making should be reserved for two goals – first, provision of genuinely national public goods the benefits of which plainly cross state borders (for example, educational assistance for indigent households and provision of skills related to national defense) and, second, national supervision of subnational political processes to insure democratically accountable representation of ethno-cultural and other minorities in educational policy-making.
Behavior of the solvatochromic probes Reichardt’s dye, pyrene, dansylamide, Nile Red and 1-pyrenecarbaldehyde within the room-temperature ionic liquid bmimPF6

Recently discovered room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) show tremendous promise to replace volatile organic compounds (VOC). Investigation of these RTILs as solvents is in very early stages. Before the full potential of these RTILs are realized, much more information about them as solvent systems must be obtained. The dipolarity of one such RTIL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmimPF6) is investigated using both absorbance (Reichardt’s betaine dye) and fluorescence (pyrene, dansylamide, Nile Red, and 1-pyrenecarbaldehyde) solvatochromic probes. Results indicate that, in the case of pyrene and 1-pyrenecarbaldehyde the bmimPF6 microenvironment immediately surrounding the probe is similar to the microenvironment sensed in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide. Dansylamide in bmimPF6 sensed a microenvironment similar to that in acetonitrile. However, calculated ET(30) values indicate the polarity of bmimPF6 sensed by Reichardt’s betaine dye to be similar to ethanol. Nile Red showed that the polarity of the solvent in the immediate vicinity of the probe is similar to neat water and 90 wt% glycerol in water (a solvent with viscosity similar to bmimPF6). The microenvironment sensed by a probe is dependent upon several factors besides polarity such as viscosity, polarizability, the ability to form hydrogen-bonds, etc. In light of this, the apparent discrepancies in the polarity of bmimPF6 indicated in this study do not seem so vast.
Brinkley-Fest of Mitosis

"Mitosis: Spindle Assembly and Function," a conference in honor of Dr. Bill R. Brinkley, brought together many researchers to discuss progress in the field and celebrate the many contributions that Dr. Brinkley has made.
Intra-annual Loggerhead and Green Turtle Spatial Nesting Patterns

We analyzed a 15-year (1989-2003) dataset of spatial nesting locations for Loggerhead and Green Turtles along a 40.5-km stretch of beach encompassing the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge along the Atlantic coast of Florida. To assess whether there are differences in spatial distribution influenced by temporal site-selection cues, we divided each season into quartiles and analyzed the autocorrelative patterns of the nest distributions within each time frame. Fundamen- tally, intraspecific differences in nest spatial patterns from the beginning to the end of the nesting season were minor. Though the temporal grain of the analyses may not be able to discern affects of fine-scale fluctuations (e.g., high- and low-tide events), these results suggest that environmental variables that change over the nesting season (e.g., ocean temperatures, daylength, and existing human activities) are not signifi- cantly influencing where these sea turtles place their nests.
Isolation of Synaptosomes from Archived Brain Tissues

Synapses in the central nervous system serve as communication points between neurons and are critical regulators of neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, the latter refers to a process of experience dependent changes in synaptic connectivity, where neurons undergo extensive sculpting and rewiring. Research on understanding the changes at the level of the synapse holds great promise into understanding the biological basis of many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders in which brain wiring goes awry. One such approach to understand the changes occurring at the synapse is by isolating synaptosomes. Here, we describe the isolation of synaptosomes from archived human brain tissue using subcellular fractionation, which when combined to high-throughput “omics”-based approaches could yield vital clues into understanding the underlying bases of neurodegeneration.
Detection of chromosome 11q13 breakpoints by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. A useful ancillary method for the diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.

We assessed cytologic specimens from 11 mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) and 32 other B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) for 11q13 breakpoints using a 2-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that uses an 11q13 probe centered on the CCND 1 gene and a centromeric chromosome 11 probe (CEP11). The number of nuclei in 200 cells were counted, and results were expressed as an 11q13/ CEP11 ratio. All MCLs showed a high percentage of interphase nuclei with 3 or more 11q13 signals (mean, 74.8%; range 57%-90%). In contrast, in other B-cell NHLs the mean percentage of cells with 3 or more 11q13 signals was 9.2%. All MCLs had an elevated I 1q13/CEP1 I ratio (mean, 1.38). The mean ratio for other B-cell NHLs was 0. 99. Two non-MCL cases, I large B-cell and 1 B-cell unclassified NHL, had high 11q13/CEP11 ratios of 1.15 and 1.30, respectively. Conventional cytogenetic analysis performed on the former case revealed a t(5;11)(q31;q13). Interphase FISH analysis using 11q13 and CEP11 probes is a convenient ancillary method for assisting in the diagnosis of MCL. This commercially available assay is simple to use on cytology or imprint specimens, and results can be obtained within 24 hours.
Relationships Among Nightly Sleep Quality, Daily Stress, and Daily Affect

Objectives. We explored the prospective, microlevel relationship between nightly sleep quality (SQ) and the subsequent day's stress on positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) as well as the moderating relationships between nightly SQ, subsequent stress, and subsequent PA on NA. We investigated whether age moderated these relationships. Method. We collected 56 days of sleep, stress, and affect data using daily diary questionnaires (N = 552). We used multilevel modeling to assess relationships at the between- and within-person levels. Results. Daily increases in SQ and decreases in stress interacted to predict higher daily PA and lower daily NA. Better SQ in older adults enhanced the benefits of PA on the stress-NA relationship more during times of low stress, whereas better sleep in younger adults enhanced the benefits of PA more during times of high stress. Between-person effects were stronger predictors of well-being outcomes than within-person variability. Discussion. The combination of good SQ and higher PA buffered the impact of stress on NA. The moderating impact of age suggests that sleep and stress play different roles across adulthood. Targeting intervention and prevention strategies to improve SQ and enhance PA could disrupt the detrimental relationship between daily stress and NA.
A Study of Effective Utilization of Social Workers in a Hospital Setting

The shortage of trained graduate caseWith the traditional method of assigning workers to man social work openings has professional staff in a hospital that of giv been an acute problem for a long time and ing each worker total social service respon remains a matter of constant concern, sibility in a particular clinic or service, a Serious as it is, the situation is compounded professionally trained caseworker performs by increasing demands for trained workers a variety of services which may or may not and their continuing departure from the require his full skills. Such utilization of field. The result is an almost fixed number staff is not economical. Underutilization
The Ph.D. Degree and Mathematical Research

(1936). The Ph.D. Degree and Mathematical Research. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 199-215.
Physician Willingness to Refer Older Depressed Patients for Psychotherapy

Objective:Psychotherapy for late-life depression is an efficacious treatment option for older primary care patients who do not wish to take or do not respond to antidepressant medication. However, rates of physician referral to psychotherapy to treat late-life depression tend to be low. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward psychotherapy for late-life depression and to identify predictors of physician willingness to refer older patients to psychotherapy.Methods:Two hundred and five physicians identified from PPO directories of general internists in California and North Carolina completed a brief mailed survey about how they would treat a hypothetical older depressed patient and specific attitudes and practices regarding their own treatment of late-life depression.Results:Only 27 percent of physicians said they would refer a depressed older patient to psychotherapy. In a regression analysis, female gender, the belief that psychotherapy is effective for older adults, and physician use of ...