cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harnessing technology to advance the next-generation mobile user-experience

The mobile-handset market continues to be a dynamic and growing one, enabled by technology advances that include increased bandwidth, greater processing performance, increased power efficiency, and improved display technologies to deliver compelling user experiences. We envision a world in five years where mobile devices will offer new high-performance services and features, support always-on/always-aware connectivity, and deliver battery life that will provide days of active-use experience. These “smart mobile companion” devices of the future will be intelligent autonomous systems with a multitude of incorporated sensors and display options, all designed to make our lives easier and more productive.
Germ-Line Mutational Analysis of the TSC2 Gene in 90 Tuberous-Sclerosis Patients

Summary Ninety patients with tuberous-sclerosis complex (TSC) were tested for subtle mutations in the TSC2 gene, by means of single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA) of genomic DNA. Patients included 56 sporadic cases and 34 familial probands. For all patients, SSCA was performed for each of the 41 exons of the TSC2 gene. We identified 32 SSCA changes, 22 disease-causing mutations, and 10 polymorphic variants. Interestingly, we detected mutations at a much higher frequency in the sporadic cases (32%) than in the multiplex families (9%). Among the eight families for which linkage to the TSC2 region had been determined, only one mutation was found. Mutations were distributed equally across the gene; they included 5 deletions, 3 insertions, 10 missense mutations, 2 nonsense mutations, and 2 tandem duplications. We did not detect an increase in mutations either in the GTPase-activating protein (GAP)–related domains of TSC2 or in the activating domains that have been identified in rat tuberin. We did not detect any mutations in the exons (25 and 31) that are spliced out in the isoforms. There was no evidence for correspondence between variability of phenotype and type of mutation (missense versus early termination). Diagnostic testing will be difficult because of the genetic heterogeneity of TSC (which has at least two causative genes: TSC1 and TSC2), the large size of the TSC2 gene, and the variety of mutations. More than half of the mutations that we identified (missense, small in-frame deletion, and tandem duplication) are not amenable to the mutation-detection methods, such as protein-truncation testing, that are commonly employed for genes that encode proteins with tumor-suppressor function.
Polymers in concrete: a vision for the 21st century

Abstract Polymers in concrete have received considerable attention over the past 25 years. Polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC) was the first concrete polymer composite to receive widespread publicity. PIC has excellent strength and durability properties, but it has few commercial applications. Polymer concrete (PC) became well known in the 1970s and is used for repair, thin overlays for floors and bridges, and for precast components. Polymer-modified concrete (PMC) has been used primarily for repair and overlays. Several limitations have slowed the use of concrete polymer materials. However, there are many current and future uses for these materials that will effectively use their unique properties. Improved, automated repair methods, improvements in materials, replacements for metals, structural applications, and architectural components will prove to be popular uses of concrete-polymer materials.
Globalization and the stability of world order

Globalization brings dangers that result from the failure of governments to effectively govern markets, says Professor John Ikenberry of the University of Pennsylvania. The struggle between governments on the one hand and markets on the other defines the new reality, and governments will need to find new ways to cooperate and build regional and global institutions to manage this struggle. If the benefits of globalized markets are to be realized and sustained, new social bargains between industrial and developing countries will be needed and new international institutional mechanisms will have to be devised.
HEART-RATE VARIABILITY IN BRAIN-DAMAGED ADULTS

Abstract To test whether or not the characteristics of the adult heart-rate reflect the condition of the central nervous system (as they seem to do in the fetus), ten patients with neurological deficits of acute onset were studied. No patients had received drugs and none was hypoxic. The findings indicate that the normal cyclic changes in heart-rate are reduced in the presence of severe brain damage. Variability de creases rapidly if intracranial pressure rises, and the rate of return of variability reflects the subsequent state of neuronal function, even when intracranial pressure has been restored to normal. In this limited setting, then, it appears that heart-rate variability may reflect the functional state of the central nervous system.
Chemistry and distribution pattern of recent basaltic rocks in Iceland

Abstract A survey of Recent basaltic rocks in Iceland is presented. The basalts are classified into three groups: tholeiites, transitional alkali basalts and alkali olivine basalts. The basalts can be divided into petrological regions where the composition of lavas seem to have been fairly constant throughout postglacial and possibly late-Pleistocene time. The tholeiites delineate the crest region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as it transects Iceland, and the mildly alkali olivine basalts and the transitional alkali basalts characterize the flank volcanic zones. Tholeiitic and alkalic diffrentiated rocks appear to have a distribution in accordance with the basalt distribution pattern. There is some correlation between the chemistry of the zones and the crustal structure of Iceland. Areal discharge of volcanic rocks varies consistently between the petrological regions being highest in the tholeiite regions. The total output of volcanic rocks along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Iceland area reaches maximum in middle Iceland.
Exploring the Relationship Between Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Sleep Quality in Cancer Survivors

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and sleep disturbance are identified as top psychosocial concerns in cancer survivorship, yet few studies have explored the association between these two factors. Using data from a study of 67 cancer survivors, hierarchical logistic regression models examined the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, FCR, and sleep disturbance. More than half of survivors reported poor sleep quality; those with some college education and those with higher levels of FCR were at greater risk for poor sleep. These findings provide formative data for oncology social workers to implement interventions that target FCR as a strategy for improving sleep.
The leaching of chromium from cement-based waste form via a predominantly biological mechanism

Abstract An evaluation of the leaching of chromium from 100% cement waste forms was carried out in this study using a refined biofilm formation method. Approximately 50% of the total chromium was leached from the experimental sample (exposed to bacterial broth of pH∼2.00) within the first 24 h of evaluation. No chromium was detected in the effluent of the control sample (exposed to sterile medium chemically acidified to give pH comparable to that of bacterial broth) within the same period. An increase in the duration of the first stage of the process from 24 h to 3 days did not result in the release of chromium from the control. Comparative evaluation for the leaching of calcium gave results that contrasted sharply with those obtained for chromium. Similar levels of calcium were leached from both control and experimental samples within the first 24 h of evaluation. Evaluations carried out at elevated levels of chromium in the waste form did not result in any change in trend for both calcium and chromium. A predominant biological mechanism involving active mobilization of chromium from the matrix is suggested for the difference in leaching of chromium from control and experimental waste forms.
Fabrication and characterization of field effect reconfigurable nanofluidic ionic diodes: Towards digitally-programmed manipulation of biomolecules

Analogous to a solid-state semiconductor diode for regulating the flow of electrons/holes to one preferential direction, nanofluidic diodes are being developed to achieve the rectified ionic transport. Such rectification effect is of great importance due to its relevance to biological ion channels. Moreover, ionic diodes, together with ionic transistors represent the key building blocks for ionic circuits, mimicking voltage-gated ion channels in a variety of biological systems. Several nanofluidic platforms based on nanopores and nanochannels were reported to produce ionic current rectification. Nevertheless, it has not been possible to change the predefined rectifying properties obtained by these approaches once the devices are made. We here report a field effect reconfigurable ionic diode (FERD) by asymmetrically modulating the cation/anion ratios along the nanochannel. A key feature of our device 1is that it allows the post-fabrication reconfiguration of the diode functions, such as the forward/reverse directions as well as the rectification degrees. These results may lead to the creation of reconfigurable ionic circuits, an ionic counterpart of the electronic field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
High-resolution gene expression atlases for adult and developing mouse brain and spinal cord

Knowledge of the structure, genetics, circuits, and physiological properties of the mammalian brain in both normal and pathological states is ever increasing as research labs worldwide probe the various aspects of brain function. Until recently, however, comprehensive cataloging of gene expression across the central nervous system has been lacking. The Allen Institute for Brain Science, as part of its mission to propel neuroscience research, has completed several large gene-mapping projects in mouse, nonhuman primate, and human brain, producing informative online public resources and tools. Here we present the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, covering ~20,000 genes throughout the adult mouse brain; the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas, detailing expression of approximately 2,000 important developmental genes across seven embryonic and postnatal stages of brain growth; and the Allen Spinal Cord Atlas, revealing expression for ~20,000 genes in the adult and neonatal mouse spinal cords. Integrated data-mining tools, including reference atlases, informatics analyses, and 3-D viewers, are described. For these massive-scale projects, high-throughput industrial techniques were developed to standardize and reliably repeat experimental goals. To verify consistency and accuracy, a detailed analysis of the 1,000 most viewed genes for the adult mouse brain (according to website page views) was performed by comparing our data with peer-reviewed literature and other databases. We show that our data are highly consistent with independent sources and provide a comprehensive compendium of information and tools used by thousands of researchers each month. All data and tools are freely available via the Allen Brain Atlas portal ( www.brain-map.org ).
Temporal profiles and 2-dimensional oxy-, deoxy-, and total-hemoglobin somatosensory maps in rat versus mouse cortex

Abstract Background: Mechanisms of neurovascular coupling—the relationship between neuronal chemoelectrical activity and compensatory metabolic and hemodynamic changes—appear to be preserved across species from rats to humans despite differences in scale. However, previous work suggests that the highly cellular dense mouse somatosensory cortex has different functional hemodynamic changes compared to other species. Methods: We developed novel hardware and software for 2-dimensional optical spectroscopy (2DOS). Optical changes at four simultaneously recorded wavelengths were measured in both rat and mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) evoked by forepaw stimulation to create four spectral maps. The spectral maps were converted to maps of deoxy-, oxy-, and total-hemoglobin (HbR, HbO, and HbT) concentration changes using the modified Beer–Lambert law and phantom HbR and HbO absorption spectra. Results: Functional hemodynamics were different in mouse versus rat neocortex. On average, hemodynamics were as expected in rat primary somatosensory cortex (S1): the fractional change in the log of HbT concentration increased monophasically 2 s after stimulus, whereas HbO changes mirrored HbR changes, with HbO showing a small initial dip at 0.5 s followed by a large increase 3.0 s post stimulus. In contrast, mouse S1 showed a novel type of stimulus-evoked hemodynamic response, with prolonged, concurrent, monophasic increases in HbR and HbT and a parallel decrease in HbO that all peaked 3.5–4.5 s post stimulus onset. For rats, at any given time point, the average size and shape of HbO and HbR forepaw maps were the same, whereas surface veins distorted the shape of the HbT map. For mice, HbO, HbR, and HbT forepaw maps were generally the same size and shape at any post-stimulus time point. Conclusions: 2DOS using image splitting optics is feasible across species for brain mapping and quantifying the map topography of cortical hemodynamics. These results suggest that during physiologic stimulation, different species and/or cortical architecture may give rise to different hemodynamic changes during neurovascular coupling.
Corrosion/Precipitation in Non-Isothermal Lead Alloy Coolant Systems

A kinetic model was developed to investigate the corrosion and precipitation in non-isothermal lead alloy coolant systems. By considering a turbulent core region and a laminar sub-layer, analytical solutions of the mass transfer equations in both regions were obtained. The analytical expressions of both the local corrosion/ precipitation rate and the bulk concentration were obtained from the present kinetic model. Numerical models were also developed for simulating the corrosion and precipitation in non-isothermal Lead alloy pipe/loop systems and the results were compared with the analytical solutions. By applying this model to a test loop named "DELTA" set up at the Los Alamos National Laboratory the present study illustrates systematically dependence of the corrosion/precipitation rate and bulk concentration on the axial temperature profile and other hydraulic factors. The results were compared with the available experimental data.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
High-frequency and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR): a new spectroscopic tool for bioinorganic chemistry.

This minireview describes high-frequency and high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) spectroscopy in the context of its application to bioinorganic chemistry, specifically to metalloproteins and model compounds. HFEPR is defined as frequencies above ~100 GHz (i.e., above W-band) and a resonant field reaching 25 T and above. The ability of HFEPR to provide high-resolution determination of g values of S = 1/2 is shown; however, the main aim of the minireview is to demonstrate how HFEPR can extract spin Hamiltonian parameters [zero-field splitting (zfs) and g values] for species with S > 1/2 with an accuracy and precision unrivalled by other physical methods. Background theory on the nature of zfs in S = 1, 3/2, 2, and 5/2 systems is presented, along with selected examples of HFEPR spectroscopy of each that are relevant to bioinorganic chemistry. The minireview also provides some suggestions of specific systems in bioinorganic chemistry where HFEPR could be rewardingly applied, in the hope of inspiring workers in this area.
Water relations and gas exchange of northern red oak seedlings planted in a central Missouri clearcut and shelterwood

Abstract Water relations and gas exchange of northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) seedlings planted either in clearcut or shelterwood areas were studied for two growing seasons. Conventional 2-year-old, bareroot nursery stock was compared with containerized seedlings whose roots had been inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch and treated with indolebutyric acid. One-half of the seedlings were clipped just above the root collar. During both years, seedlings planted in a clearcut maintained significantly higher predawn and midday leaf water potentials compared with seedlings planted in a shelterwood, despite the development of greater leaf area in the clearcut-planted seedlings. This was associated with restricted root system development in the shelterwood and to greater availability of soil moisture in the clearcut. Similarly, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were greater in the clearcut because of reduced water stress and higher light levels. The advantage to seedlings in the clearcut was diminished by the second year, a result that was attributable to greater competition for light and water from herbaceous vegetation. During the first year, containerized seedlings maintained higher water potentials and stomatal conductance, and lower liquid flow resistance from soil to leaf than bare-root seedlings, but had comparable photosynthesis and transpiration rates. By the second year, only predawn leaf water potential and conductance were higher in containerized seedlings. These differences were attributed to greater root length and better root-shoot balance of containerized seedlings. Clipping of seedling shoot before planting appeared to have little effect on measured physiological processes. It was concluded that during the first two growing seasons following planting, the clearcut appeared to offer a better environment for northern red oak seedling establishment and growth than did the shelterwood. However, by the end of the second growing season competition from herbaceous vegetation was evident in the physiological performance of clearcut-planted seedlings.
Base- and acid-catalysed cyclization of diketones over ZSM-5

Abstract The acid-catalysed cyclization of acetonylacetone at 350°C over a 300:1 silicon/aluminum HZSM-5 yielded > 97% 2,5-dimethylfuran. In contrast, the calcined, excess sodium-containing, basic form of this same catalyst produced an entirely different cyclization product, 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, in greater than 89% yield under identical reaction conditions. This base-catalysed cyclization reaction can be used diagnostically to determine the presence of basic sites in zeolitic catalysts.
Twitching motility and biofilm formation are associated with tonB1 in Xylella fastidiosa

A mutation in the Xylella fastidiosa tonB1 gene resulted in loss of twitching motility and in significantly less biofilm formation as compared with a wild type. The altered motility and biofilm phenotypes were restored by complementation with a functional copy of the gene. The mutation affected virulence as measured by Pierce's disease symptoms on grapevines. The role of TonB1 in twitching and biofilm formation appears to be independent of the characteristic iron-uptake function of this protein. This is the first report demonstrating a functional role for a tonB homolog in X. fastidiosa.
CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF 4′-THIO-β-D-ARABINOFURANOSYLCYTOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AND TRIPHOSPHATE

N4-Acetyl-1-(2, 3-di-O-acetyl-4-thio-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (2) was synthesized in three steps from 1-(4-thio-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine (1). The reaction of this partially blocked 4′-thio-ara-C derivative 2 with 2-chloro-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one gave the 5′-phosphitylate derivative 3, which on reaction with pyrophosphate gave the 5′-nucleosidylcyclotriphosphite 4. Product 4 was then oxidized with iodine/pyridine/water and deblocked with concentrated ammonium hydroxide to provide the desired 4′-thio-ara-C-5′-triphosphate 5. This triphosphate 5 was converted to 4′-thio-ara-C -5′-monophosphate 6 by treatment with snake venom phosphodiesterase I. The details of the synthesis, purification, and characterization of both nucleotides are described.
Basis for the permeability barrier abnormality in lamellar ichthyosis

The basis for the permeability barrier abnormality in lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is not known. LI is caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the enzyme, transglutaminase 1 (TGI), which is responsible for assembly of the cornified envelope (CE). TG1 also has been suggested recently to catalyze the covalent attachment of omega-hydroxyceramides (omega-OHCer) to the CE, forming the corneocyte-lipid envelope (CLE). We first assessed the barrier function and the permeability pathway of the water-soluble tracer, colloidal lanthanum, across the stratum corneum (SC) in patients with LI with absent (n = 4) or low (n = 2) TG1 activity/protein. Increased movement of tracer through the SC correlated with increased transcutaneous water loss, and tracer remained restricted to the SC interstices. Enhanced extracellular permeability, in turn, was explicable by truncation and fragmentation of extracellular lamellar membrane arrays. The resultant clefts in the SC interstices represent the likely pathway for increased water permeability. Moreover, tracer movement remained restricted to the interstices, despite the demonstration of increased corneocyte fragility associated with widespread variations in CE structure. Regardless of variability in CE structure, however, CLE structure and bound omega-OHCer content were normal. The normal CLE in LI may explain both the restriction of tracer to the SC interstices, as well as the presence of foreshortened membrane arrays with near-normal interlamellar dimensions. Finally, the demonstration of a normal CLE in LI also raises questions about the putative role of TG1 in forming the CLE. These results demonstrate: (1) the extracellular nature of increased permeability in LI; (2) discontinuities in extracellular membrane structures that account for the enhanced permeability in LI; (3) that these membrane abnormalities are both associated with and explained by abnormalities in the subjacent CE scaffold; and (4) an intact CLE is present in LI, despite abnormalities in the CE, which may restrict water movement to the SC interstices in LI.
Element exchange method for topology optimization

This paper presents a stochastic direct search method for topology optimization of continuum structures. In a systematic approach requiring repeated evaluations of the objective function, the element exchange method (EEM) eliminates the less influential solid elements by switching them into void elements and converts the more influential void elements into solid resulting in an optimal 0-1 topol- ogy as the solution converges. For compliance minimization problems, the element strain energy is used as the principal criterion for element exchange operation. A wider explo- ration of the design space is assured with the use of random shuffle while a checkerboard control scheme is used for detection and elimination of checkerboard regions. Through the solution of multiple two- and three-dimensional topol- ogy optimization problems, the general characteristics of EEM are presented. Moreover, the solution accuracy and efficiency of EEM are compared with those based on existing topology optimization methods.
Botulism in a Tidal Estuary in New Jersey

Clostridium botulinum, type Cβ was identified as the causative organism in an epornitic which occurred on a tidal estuary in New Jersey. Approximately 1,000 individuals of twelve species representing five families of birds were intoxicated. Muskrats and killifish were also affected. Seven species previously unreported as affected by botulinus intoxication were recorded. The role of the food web in the epizootiology of botulinus intoxication and the intraspecific relationship between the killifish and Least Terns in the continuance of the outbreak is discussed.
Introduction to the special section on the economic dimensions of advertising media audiences

(2006). Introduction to the Special Section on the Economic Dimensions of Advertising Media Audiences. Journal of Advertising: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 99-99.
Smooth: a combined continuous-discrete network simulation language

SMOOTH is a packaged network simulation language written in FORTRAN. It is based on the GASP TV and GERT IIIZ simulation languages and is capable of representing and analyzing models which include ...
Substitution behavior of Mn, Cr, and Zr in ternary and quaternary alloys of TiAl

Abstract The fractional lattice site occupation of Mn, Cr and Zr in TiAl alloys was determined using the ALCHEMI (atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis) method in transmission electron microscopy. The alloys were (in atomic per cent) 49.5Ti–49.5Al–1Mn, 48Ti–50Al–2Mn, 48ti–47.5Al–5Mn, 48Ti–49Al–3Cr, and 49Ti–49Al–1Zr–1Cr. The Mn substitutes randomly in the TiAl lattice and the Cr favors slightly the Al sites. In the quaternary alloy, Cr favors slightly Al sites and Zr occupies exclusively Ti sites.
Agency Theory, Reasoning and Culture at Enron: In Search of a Solution

Applying evidence from recently available public information on Enron, I defined Enron’s culture as one rooted in agency theory by asserting that Enron’s members were predominantly agency-reasoning individuals. I then identified conditions present at Enron’s collapse: a strong agency culture with collectively non-compliant norms, a munificent rare-failure environment, and new hires with little business ethics training. Turning to four possible antidotes (selection, objectivist integrity, integrity capacity, and stewardship reasoning) to an agency culture under these conditions, I argued that the currently available ethics literature would have made little difference toward averting Enron’s collapse if any of the recommendations from the relevant ethics literature had been implemented. I conclude by identifying new directions for business ethics literature in order to make it more implementable under the conditions identified at Enron. Essentially, we need a way to clearly determine (1) the difference between connivance and commitment, (2) what is meant by balance with regard to the multiple dimensions of ethics and legal theories, and (3) the proper balance between agency and stewardship reasoning.
THE SUPPRESSION OF OUABAIN TOXICITY BY OXYTOCIN AND RESERPINE.

Abstract The toxic cardiac effects of ouabain in rats were found to be antagonized by synthetic oxytocin. This antagonism was dose related, and maximal protection occurred with 5 U per kilogram body weight. Pretreatment of animals with reserpine 24 hours prior to ouabain also produced a marked degree of protection against ouabain toxicity. A combination of these two treatments suggested, but did not prove, a summation of effects.
Two dimensional object recognition using multiresolution models

Abstract A multiresolution, model-based matching technique is described for coarse-to-fine object recognition. Each two-dimensional object is modeled as a directed acyclic graph. Each node in the graph stores a boundary segment of the object model at a selected level of spatial resolution. The root node of the graph contains the coarsest resolution representation of the boundary of the object, leaf nodes contain sections of the boundary at the highest resolution, and intermediate nodes contain features at intermediate levels of resolution. Arcs are directed from boundary segments at one level of resolution to spatially related boundary segments at finer levels of resolution. A generalized Hough transform is used to match the model nodes with regions in the corresponding level of resolution in a given input image pyramid. First, the root node of the model graph is matched with the coarsest level of the input image pyramid and an ordered list of hypothesized positions and orientations for the object is generated. These hypotheses limit the area in which the search for subobjects (children nodes) must be conducted. If the subobjects of a hypothesis are not found, the next best hypothesis for the position and orientation of the object at the coarsest level is tried. Advantages of this approach include the use of multiresolution descriptions to model different parts of an object at different scales, the ability to detect partially occluded objects, the ability to dynamically control the coarse-to-fine matching process, and the increase in recognition speed over conventional single resolution recognition algorithms.
ANTIHYPERON ENHANCEMENT THROUGH BARYON JUNCTION LOOPS

Midrapidity antihyperon $(\overline{Y})$ production in nuclear collisions is studied using a new hadronic string mechanism. This mechanism of baryon junction-antijunction $(J\overline{J})$ loops is an extension of the baryon junction exchange mechanism recently proposed to explain valence baryon number transport. These loops are shown to enhance the $\overline{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, $\overline{\ensuremath{\Xi}}$, and $\overline{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ as well as lead to long range rapidity correlations. Comparisons are made with recent observations of $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Y\overline{Y}X$ at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), and predictions are made for upcoming experiments.
South Asian women and change: Education, romantic love and migration

Rex L. Jones and Shirley Kurz Jones. The Himalayan Woman. Palo Alto: Mayfield Publishing Co., 1976. xii + 155 pp. Photographs, map, figure, tables, glossaries, bibliography, and index. $3.95, paper. Manisha Roy. Bengali Women. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1975. xvii + 206 pp. Photographs, charts, references, index. $9.95. Status of Women in India: A Synopsis of the Report of the National Committee on the Status of Women (1971 ‐ 74). New Delhi: The Indian Council of Social Science Research, Allied Publishers Private Limited, 1975. vi + 188 pp. Tables, charts, map, appendix. Rs. 10.
Maps for electron clouds

The electron cloud effect has been studied by means of detailed simulation codes that typically track the particles' evolution under the influence of the corresponding electromagnetic forces and fields. In this paper we show that, for the RHIC case, the electron cloud can be treated from an abstract point of view as a bunch to bunch evolution using simple maps. Secondly, we show how this treatment yields a useful conclusion, which is otherwise difficult to obtain: for a fixed number of bunches and total beam current in RHIC, it is possible to determine the best way to distribute the bunch pattern around the ring to minimize the electron cloud formation. This application is an example of how maps become a useful tool for exploring the electron cloud evolution in parameter space.
An examination of gaussian plume dispersion parameters for rough terrain

Abstract Two key parameters in the Gaussian plume model for estimating downwind concentrations of airborne pollutants are the coefficients of lateral and vertical dispersion, σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ), respectively. Values of σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ) generally used were originally derived from data gathered over relatively smooth terrain. Theoretical attempts have been made to correct σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ) values for roughness. The results of experiments at two sites in Germany were compared to these theoretical methods. It was found that, in general, higher values of σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ) were found in the field than were predicted. Use of these experimentally-determined σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ) values results in predictions of lower long-range concentrations of airborne material, but larger maximum concentration values located closer to the source may be predicted, when compared to predictions using the theoretical methods. The use of all of the values of σ y ( x ) and σ z ( x ) presented herein for estimating air pollutant impact is discussed.
A New Form of Male Sterility in Nicotiana tabacum L.

MALE sterility in tobacco has been reported previously by Clayton1 in advanced back-cross generations of two interspecific crosses between Nicotiana debneyi and N. megalosiphon as female parents, and N. tabacum as pollen parent. He suggested that the cause may be incompatibility between the cytoplasmic constituents of the former and the nuclear constituents of the latter.
Northeast Modern Language Association Meeting, 1979

Advisory Council and the Board of Directors ratified the ACTFL/MLA (American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages/Modern Language Association) "Resolutions on Language in American Education." The following individuals were elected to the Board of Directors: Walter Chatfield (Iowa State); Elvira Garcia (Nebraska-Omaha); Suzanne Jebe (Minnesota Department of Education); David Oliver (Chicago Board of Education). Marty Knorre (University of Cincinnati) was elected Central States Conference Delegate to the National Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations (NFMLTA), publisher of The Modern LanguageJournal. The 1980 Central States Conference meeting will be held at the Marc Plaza Hotel in Milwaukee (10-12 April). Program Chairwoman Ortrun Gilbert (Middle Tennessee State University) has announced the theme: "New Frontiers in Foreign Language Teaching."
In vitro Rearing of Southern Pine Beetle Larvae on Tissue-Cultured Loblolly Pine Callus

Southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, was reared aseptically from egg to adult using in vitro cultured masses (callus) of pine cells taken from loblolly pine. Callus on 3% nutrient agar was the best of the systems tried for producing aseptic beetles in 35–55 days in the complete absence of mycangial fungi. Adult production increased from 14–26% of hatched larvae when β-sitosterol was added to the culture medium.
Using Ecological Models in Research on Health Disparities

Ecological models of human interaction can be used to study complex community problems that affect health disparities. These models allow researchers to study the components of a problem and understand how the problem can be ameliorated with nursing interventions. This article describes four research studies in which ecological models were used to either understand a phenomenon or design and test an intervention. The methods used were ethnography, descriptive/correlational, and quasi-experimental. All subjects were low-income women and children, largely of Hispanic ethnicity, residing in South Texas. The ecological models were derived from Bronfenbrenner's ecology of human development theory, epidemiology, Rubin's theory of developmental tasks of pregnancy, and Barnard's model of mother–child interaction. Heuristic models that represent reality allow researchers to divide a complex problem, such as health disparities, into manageable components. The influence of families, neighborhoods, and communities can be considered without losing sight of individuals.
Nuclear medium modification of nucleons via a Bethe ansatz model

The modification of the internal structure of nucleons inside the nucleus is investigated within the context of a constituent quark model, in which quarks interact forming bound clusters that act as nucleons. The elastic form factor, the momentum distribution, the correlation function, and the Coulomb sum rule are calculated. The contribution to these structure functions arising from nucleon degrees of freedom is identified by means of an impulse approximation, in which the quark structure of nucleons is assumed to be unaffected by other nucleons, and the dynamics of nucleons is given by an effective theory, extracted from our quark model. The effect of the modification of the nucleon is found to be noticeable on the elastic form factor at large momentum transfer, and on the Coulomb sum rule. A cluster approximation is also used to study the extent to which these effects are due to exchange of quarks.
40Ar-39Ar dating of inclusions from IAB iron meteorites

Silicate and troilite from IAB iron meteorites were dated by the 40Ar-39Ar technique. Silicate from four IAB meteorites gave well-defined apparent-age plateaus which accounted for 71–99% of the released 39Ar. At low temperatures, only Copiapo showed appreciable loss of 40Ar, while Mundrabilla and Woodbine released excess 40Ar. The plateau ages are: 4.50 Byr for Copiapo, 4.57 Byr for Mundrabilla, 4.57 Byr for Woodbine, 4.54 Byr for unetched Pitts, and 4.57 Byr for etched Pitts; the 1σ error in each case is ± 0.03 Byr. A poorly-defined age plateau for Landes gives an age of 4.48 Byr, while the total K-Ar age (4.55 Byr) is significantly higher. The average (40Ar/36Ar)trapped ratio for all silicate samples is 0.4 ± 0.4. Simple and undisturbed K-Ar systems are rare for meteorites, yet it appears to be a common feature for IAB silicates. In addition, plateau ages of IAB silicates are as old or older than the mean age of unshocked chondrites (4.47 Byr). Troilite samples yielded complex patterns which were evaluated via 40Ar/36Ar vs 39Ar/36Ar plots. Data for Pitts troilite are consistent with silicate and troilite retaining Ar at about the same time initially, but then 4.25 Byr ago nearly all the Ar in troilite was redistributed. The 700–1000°C points for Mundrabilla troilite define a line which gives an age of 6.2 Byr and (40Ar/36Ar)trapped = 42. This line may be an artifact, perhaps produced by homogenization of Ar and K. Approximate estimates of cosmic-ray exposure ages are 240 Myr for Landes, 130 Myr for Copiapo, 190 Myr for Woodbine, 170 Myr for Mundrabilla troilite, and 60 Myr for Pitts troilite. The I-Xe study of these same samples revealed a good correlation between well-defined I-Xe ages of silicates and Ni contents of metal (Niemeyer, 1979). The poorer resolution of the 40Ar-39Ar technique hampers a similar evaluation; nevertheless, plateau ages of the silicates suggest a systematic trend with Ni contents.
Long-Term Survival and Use of Antihypertensive Medications in Older Persons

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether older persons with hypertension who use specific calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors have a different risk of mortality than those using β-blockers. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study continuing from 1988 through 1992. SETTING: Three communities of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. PARTICIPANTS: Hypertensive participants aged s 71 years (n = 906) who had no evidence of congestive heart failure and who were using either /3-blockers (n = 515), verapamil (n = 77), diltiazem (n = 92), nifedipine (n = 74), or ACE inhibitors (n = 148). Nifedipine was of the short acting variety. MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Age, gender, smoking, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, intake of digoxin and diuretics, physical disability, self-perceived health, and comorbid conditions were examined as confounders. RESULTS: During 3538 person-years of follow-up, 188 participants died (53 deaths per 1000 person-years). Compared with j3-blockers, after adjusting for age, gender, comorbid conditions and other health-related factors, the relative risks (95% confidence interval) for mortality associated with use of verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine, and ACE inhibitors were 0.8 (0.4-1.4), 1.3 (0.8-2.1), 1.7 (1.1–2.7), and 0.9 (0.6-1.4), respectively. The results were unchanged after excluding participants with other potential contraindications to /3-blockers and after stratifying on coronary heart disease and use of diuretics. Higher doses of nifedipine were associated with higher mortality. CONCLUSION: Compared with /3-blockers, use of short acting nifedipine was associated with decreased survival in older hypertensive persons. However, selective factors influencing the use of specific drugs in higher risk patients could not be completely discounted, and final conclusions will depend on clinical trials.
Colloidal Particle Morphology and Film Formation; the Role of Bio-Active Components on Stimuli-Responsive Behavior

Colloidal dispersions stabilized by biologically active dispersing agents such as phospholipids have become of significant interest due to the ability of manipulating polymer morphologies through tailoring synthetic and surface properties. As a result, unique particle morphologies ranging from hollow, cocklebur, and tubular shapes can be obtained. This review outlines recent advances in this field and discusses the role of bioactive phospholipids on generation these morphologies as well as film formation processes. Various possibilities and opportunities resulting from stimuli-responsive film formation and stratification processes stimulated by solution ionic strength, pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature are discussed. The control stratification and mobility during and after coalescence are the key factors in developing lipid rafts. Stimuli-responsive behaviors of colloidal films, if accurately controlled, offer a number of opportunities in their utilization for medical, sensing, and other devices.
Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Control for a Roll to Roll nano/micro-manufacturing system

Recent advances in micro/nano-scale manufacturing have transitioned from batch modes of fabrication on rigid substrates to continuous modes of fabrication on flexible substrates. The majority of these continuous systems utilize a Roll to Roll (R2R) system approach. To maximize the effectiveness of the R2R system it is important to maintain high precision motion and tension control. For micro/nano-manufacturing the continuous substrate is often processed using both stepping motions and continuous scanning motions. In this work, a Norm Optimal Iterative Learning Controller (NOILC) is utilized to simultaneously improve the position tracking precision, as well as the web tension regulation. The approach is demonstrated on an experimental testbed for both continuous and stepping trajectories with greatly improved performance compared to H2 optimal feedback.
The Effect of Water Vapor on Cr Depletion in Advanced Recuperator Alloys

Durable alloy foils are needed for gas turbine recuperators operating at 650°–700°C. It has been established that water vapor in the exhaust gas causes more rapid consumption of Cr in austenitic stainless steels leading to a reduction in operating lifetime of these thin-walled components. Laboratory testing at 650°–800°C of commercial and model alloys is being used to develop a better understanding of the long-term rate of Cr consumption in these environments. Results are presented for commercial alloys 709, 120 and 625. After 10,000h exposures at 650° and 700°C in humid air, grain boundary Cr depletion was observed near the surface of all these materials. In the Fe-base alloys, 709 and 120, this depletion led to localized Fe-rich nodule formation. This information then can be used to develop low-cost alternatives to currently available candidate materials.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Immune complexes and antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticentromere antibodies in scleroderma*

Forty-one patients with various forms of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and positive antinuclear antibodies of nucleolar (ten patients), speckled (eleven patients), or centromere pattern (twenty patients) were selected for study of immune complexes by the radioisotope labeled Clq binding and the radioisotope labeled protein A binding methods. The presence of immune complexes was found by the Clq binding assay in sixteen patients (39%) and by a protein A binding assay in eight patients (20%). Overall, 46% of patients (19/41) had immune complexes. A lower incidence of organ involvement and fewer positive results in the screening of serum immune complexes were observed in patients with centromere antibody (35%) than in patients with nucleolar (60%) or speckled pattern (55%). Patients with immune complexes had higher frequencies of kidney, heart, and muscle involvement and digital ulceration than did patients with no detectable immune complexes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Diffuse skin involvement was not related to the presence of immune complexes.
Enol lactone derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase and trypsin-like proteases

Abstract We report on the development of substituted valero enol lactones as powerful inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) by valine mimic enol lactones and trypsin-like enzymes (trypsin, plasmin, urokinase, t-PA, and thrombin) by guanidino-aryl substituted enol lactones.
Computerized lung nodule detection on screening CT scans: performance on juxta-pleural and internal nodules

We are developing a computer-aided detection (CAD) system for lung nodules in thoracic CT volumes. Our CAD system includes an adaptive 3D pre-screening algorithm to segment suspicious objects, and a false-positive (FP) reduction stage to classify the segmented objects as true nodules or normal lung structures. We found that the effectiveness of the FP reduction stage was limited by the different characteristics of the objects in the internal and the juxta-pleural (JP) regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate object characteristics in the internal and JP regions of a lung CT scan, and to develop different FP reduction classifiers for JP and internal objects. Our FP reduction technique utilized shape, grayscale, and gradient features, as well as the scores of a newly-developed neural network trained on the eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix in a volume of interest containing the suspicious object. We designed an algorithm to automatically label the objects as internal or JP. Based on a training set of 75 CT scans containing internal and JP nodules, two FP classifiers were trained separately for objects in the two types of lung regions. The system performance was evaluated on an independent test set of 27 low dose screening scans. An experienced chest radiologist identified 64 solid nodules (mean diameter: 5.3 mm, range: 3.0-12.9 mm) on the test cases, of which 33 were internal and 31 were JP. Our adaptive 3D prescreening algorithm detected 28 internal and 29 JP nodules. At 80% sensitivity, the average number of FPs was 3.9 and 9.7 in the internal and JP regions per scan, respectively. In comparison, a classifier designed to work on both types of nodules had an average of 29.4 FPs per scan at the same sensitivity. Our results indicate that it is more effective to use two different classifiers for JP and internal nodules because of their different characteristics. FPs in the JP region were more difficult to distinguish from true nodules. Further investigation of task-specific FP reduction techniques is needed.
Aging of mipafox-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase proceeds by displacement of both isopropylamine groups to yield a phosphate adduct.

Aging of phosphylated serine esterases, e.g., acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathy target esterase (NTE), renders the inhibited enzymes refractory to reactivation. This process has been considered to require postinhibitory side group loss from the organophosphorus moiety. Recently, however, it has been shown that the catalytic domain of human NTE inhibited by N,N‘-diisopropylphosphorodiamidofluoridate (mipafox, MIP) ages by deprotonation. For mechanistic understanding and biomarker development, it would be important to know the identity of the MIP adduct on target esterases after inhibition and aging occurred. Accordingly, the present study was performed to determine if MIP-inhibited human AChE ages by side group loss or an alternate method, e.g., deprotonation. Diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP), the oxygen analogue of MIP, was used for comparison, because DFP-inhibited AChE is known to age by net loss of an isopropyl group. Kinetics experiments were done with DFP and MIP against AChE to follow t...
An analysis of gardner's theory of multiple intelligence

Gardner suggests that the human organism has seven distinct units of intellectual functioning. He labels these units intelligences, each with its own observable and measurable abilities. The Gardner hypothesis of intelligence is examined within the context of g, and Gardner's Ml Theory is compared to the work of cognitive style theorists. This report concludes that Ml theory did not discover new “intelligences”, but rather, put forth a reframing of what others have defined as cognitive styles.
American education‐the image in the mirror

Solon T. Kimball. Culture and the Educative Process: An Anthropological Perspective. New York: Teachers College Press, 1974. x + 285 pp. $10.00 (cloth). George D. Spindler, ed. Education and Cultural Process: Toward an Anthropology of Education. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. xii + 559 pp. Tables, figures, appendixes and indexes. $6.95 (paper).