cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multilingual Entity, Relation, Event and Human Value Extraction

This paper demonstrates a state-of-the-art end-to-end multilingual (English, Russian, and Ukrainian) knowledge extraction system that can perform entity discovery and linking, relation extraction, event extraction, and coreference. It extracts and aggregates knowledge elements across multiple languages and documents as well as provides visualizations of the results along three dimensions: temporal (as displayed in an event timeline), spatial (as displayed in an event heatmap), and relational (as displayed in entity-relation networks). For our system to further support users’ analyses of causal sequences of events in complex situations, we also integrate a wide range of human moral value measures, independently derived from region-based survey, into the event heatmap. This system is publicly available as a docker container and a live demo.
On representation of an integer as the sum of three squares and ternary quadratic forms with the discriminants p2, 16p2

Let s(n) be the number of representations of n as the sum of three squares. We prove a remarkable new identity for s(p2n)−ps(n) with p being an odd prime. This identity makes nontrivial use of ternary quadratic forms with discriminants p2, 16p2. These forms are related by Watsonʼs transformations. To prove this identity we employ the Siegel–Weil and the Smith–Minkowski product formulas.
CFD Jet Mixing Model Validation Against Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Microgravity Experiment

The Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) experiments are a series of small scale two-phase fluids physics experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in 2017. A goal of these experiments is to study various fundamental fluid flow, heat and mass transport, and phase change phenomena that control storage tank pressurization and pressure control in microgravity. In this paper, results of a state-of-the-art two-phase CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) storage tank model are presented and validated against jet mixing data provided by microgravity ZBOT experiments. Jet-ullage interaction was studied in the experiment for different jet speeds representing different flow regimes, and tank fill levels. Effects of various physical parameters, such as, jet angle, gravitational acceleration and surface tension value were investigated. Computational parameters, such as turbulence and surface tension models and interface capturing scheme, affecting jet-ullage interaction were also studied. Computational results were compared to experimental results for model validation.
On the Conceptualization of Criminal Capital

Objectives:The first objective of this study is to provide a conceptualization of criminal capital. The second objective is to present an illustrative analysis of dimensionality and concurrent vali...
Sexual Orientation Complexity and Psychosocial/Health Outcomes.

Individuals whose sexual attraction or behavior varies from others’ expectations based on their sexual identity were initially described as exhibiting sexual orientation discordance. This conceptua...
Moon Phases and Telephone Counseling Calls

Analysis of telephone calls made to a college counseling service showed this measure of emotional disturbance was not related to lunar cycles.
Arsenic exposure in drinking water reduces Lgr5 and secretory cell marker gene expression in mouse intestines.

Abstract Arsenic is a global health concern that causes toxicity through ingestion of contaminated water and food. In vitro studies suggest that arsenic reduces stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, this study determined if arsenic disrupted intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation, thereby altering the number, location, and/or function of intestinal epithelial cells. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0 or 100 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) through drinking water for 5 weeks. Duodenal sections were collected to assess changes in morphology, proliferation, and cell types. qPCR analysis revealed a 40% reduction in Lgr5 transcripts, an ISC marker, in the arsenic-exposed mice, although there were no changes in the protein expression of Olfm4. Secretory cell-specific transcript markers of Paneth (Defa1), Goblet (Tff3), and secretory transit amplifying (Math1) cells were reduced by 51%, 44%, and 30% respectively, in the arsenic-exposed mice, indicating significant impacts on the Wnt-dependent differentiation pathway. Further, protein levels of phosphorylated β-catenin were reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice, which increased the expression of Wnt-dependent transcripts CD44 and c-myc. PCA analysis, followed by MANOVA and regression analyses, revealed significant changes and correlations between Lgr5 and the transit amplifying (TA) cell markers Math1 and Hes1, which are in the secretory cell pathway. Similar comparisons between Math1 and Defa1 show that terminal differentiation into Paneth cells is also reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice. The data suggests that ISCs are not lost following arsenic exposure, but rather, specific Wnt-dependent progenitor cell formation and terminal differentiation in the small intestine is reduced.
An Ontology-based Knowledgebase for User Profile and Garment Features in Apparel Recommender Systems

This research proposes the development of an ontology-based knowledgebase for Apparel recommender systems. User and garment attribute definitions and expert style rules will be extracted from expert literature and the most important accuracy-driving user and garment features will be parsed from it. The features will then be used to define the classes and slots of the knowledgebase with constraints defined by the style rules from the experts. This knowledgebase will be made publicly available for modification and reuse in future apparel recommender systems design.
Student preference for course approach to pedagogically different methodologies in anatomy and physiology.

Introductory anatomy and physiology courses are either taught as discipline-specific courses (human anatomy and human physiology) or integrated (combined human anatomy and physiology, A&P I and A&P...
Is Japan Facing a Public Debt Crisis? Debt Financing and the Development of the JGB Market

This article explores the idiosyncratic institutional features of public debt financing in Japan that have enabled the government to finance increasing public debt at low costs. It examines the three key aspects that contributed to the Japanese government bond (JGB) market development: (1) the surplus financial balance of the household sector; (2) the strong tradition of public financing; and (3) home bias, that is, little dependence on external financing. It argues that Japan's financial institutions' capacity to absorb JGBs is reaching the limit and that the Japanese government needs to take bolder measures to reverse the flow of financial intermediation, from the public to the private sector. It also suggests that restoring people's trust in the government's competence and leadership is an essential element for successful fiscal consolidation.
Scout Report Signpost

Abstract The Scout Report Signpost (http://www.signpost.org) serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration that Internet resources can be cataloged, classified, and arranged using existing taxonomies such as the Library of Congress Classification scheme and Library of Congress Subject Headings in concert with the emerging metadata standard known as the Dublin Core. The techniques used to accomplish this, as well as difficulties inherent in such an effort, are discussed. A theoretical framework for cataloging is also detailed. This paper is based on a presentation by Aimee D. Glassel to the ALCTS Cataloging and Classification Section Research Discussion Group at the American Library Association Annual Conference on June 28, 1997. Signpost is funded by the National Science Foundation.
Expert Panel Consensus on Assessment Checklists for a Rheumatology Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Objective While several regional fellowship groups conduct rheumatology objective structured clinical examinations (ROSCEs), none have been validated for use across programs. We aimed to establish agreement among subspecialty experts regarding checklist items for several ROSCE stations. Methods We administered a 1-round survey to assess the importance of 173 assessment checklist items for 11 possible ROSCE stations. We e-mailed the survey to 127 rheumatology educators from across the US. Participants rated each item's importance on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not important to 5 = very important). Consensus for high importance was predefined as a lower bound of the 95% confidence interval ≥4.0. Results Twenty-five individuals (20%) completed the expert panel survey. A total of 133 of the 173 items (77%) met statistical cutoff for consensus to retain. Several items that had population means of ≥4.0 but did not meet the predetermined definition for consensus were rejected. The percentage of retained items for individual stations ranged from 24% to 100%; all items were retained for core elements of patient counseling and radiograph interpretation tasks. Only 24% of items were retained for a rehabilitation medicine station and 60% for a microscope use/synovial fluid analysis station. Conclusion This single-round expert panel survey established consensus on 133 items to assess on 11 proposed ROSCE stations. The method used in this study, which can engage a diverse geographic representation and employs rigorous statistical methods to establish checklist content agreement, can be used in any medical field.
SU-F-BRD-04: Development of a Secondary MU Calculation Tool for An Integrated MR-LINAC

Purpose: To develop a fast secondary MU calculation tool for an integrated MR-Linac, an emerging technology for delivering image-guided on-line adaptive therapy. Methods: A software tool was developed to implement a modified Clarkson integration algorithm for point-dose calculation, considering the dosimtric effect of a magnetic field. A research planning system, considering the presence of a perpendicular 1.5 T magnetic field, was used to extract the beam data (e.g., depth doses and beam profiles) required for the MU calculation in homogeneous phantom of 60×60×40 cm3 for a prototype of MR-Linac integrating a 1.5 T MR scanner with 6MV photon beams. These dosimetric data may be replaced with those to be collected during the commissioning measurement of the MR-Linac. Results: The presence of the magnetic field resulted in noticeable changes including (1) shifts in beam profiles for small fields (< 2×2 cm2), and (2) changes in central-axis doses when one of field edges is < 2 cm away from the central axis. For example, the maximum change in central-axis dose was up to 8% for one of the field borders with a distance away from the central axis of <1 cm. These changes are relevant for the MU calculation particularly for IMRT and VMAT, where most of segments are small. These magnetic field affected beam profiles and depth doses were included in the software tool. The MU calculations from the software tool for selective representative plans were found to agree with those from the research planning system within 10%. Conclusion: The presence of a perpendicular magnetic field results in noticeable changes in beam profiles and depth doses for small fields. These changes are included in the secondary MU calc33u3lation to be used as a redundancy check for an integrated MR-Linac.
Dispersion into Severe Coastal Complex Terrain

Abstract A field study of dispersion using tracer gases from offshore sources into severe coastal complex terrain was conducted in central California. Data were collected on dispersion, surface concentrations trajectories, and stability. An examination of the data has shown that a zone of stagnation extends well offshore causing unusual plume behaviors including evidence of bimodal concentration distributions in the horizontal. A conceptual model based on a Gaussian model is formulated to describe the observed behavior and is compared to actual surface tracer PS concentrations in the coastal terrain.
Retinoic acid up-regulates nuclear retinoic acid receptor-α expression in human neuroblastoma cells

Retinoic acid (RA) nuclear receptors (RARs) are thought to mediate the cellular and molecular effects of RA on a wide variety of tissues. In most cell types, RAR alpha expression remains relatively constant following exposure to RA, while that of RAR beta is rapidly induced. In this study, we show that in human neuroblastoma, a cell type exceptionally sensitive to RA-induced differentiation, RAR alpha as well as RAR beta is markedly up-regulated by RA treatment. This effect was consistent in all 5 neuroblastoma cell lines tested and was reflected in a 2- to 5-fold increase in receptor mRNA levels as assessed by Northern-blot analysis. Using LA-N-5 human neuroblastoma cells, we found that receptor up-regulation occurred in a time- and dose-dependent fashion with increases in both RAR alpha and beta mRNA detectable 1-2 hr after the addition of RA. These inductions were not abrogated by cycloheximide, indicating that protein synthesis was not required for the RA responses. Nuclear run-off experiments combined with Northern-blot analysis of RAR alpha stability directly demonstrated that the up-regulation of RAR alpha mRNA levels reflected an increased rate of transcription without changes in message half-life. These findings, showing direct activation by RA of RAR alpha gene transcription in human neuroblastoma cells, suggest differences in the overall regulation of this receptor from that found in most other RA-inducible tissue.
SPHINCTERIC EVENTS DURING PENILE VIBRATORY EJACULATION AND ELECTROEJACULATION IN MEN WITH SPINAL CORD INJURIES

Purpose: We investigate internal and external sphincter responses during penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation in men with spinal cord injury.Materials and Methods: Ejaculation induction with simultaneous recording of external and internal sphincter pressures was performed in 9 spinal cord injured men. Of the patients with upper motor neuron lesions 3 underwent penile vibratory stimulation and 3 underwent electroejaculation. In 3 men who did not respond to PVS, including 1 with upper motor neuron and 2 with lower motor neuron lesions, penile vibratory stimulation and subsequent electroejaculation were performed.Results: In successful penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation upper motor neuron cases external sphincter pressure first reached a peak (average 180 cm. H2O) and subsequently decrease followed in 3 to 10 seconds by a peak in internal sphincter pressure (average 178 cm. H2O), which exceeded external sphincter pressure and ejaculation occurred. During electroejaculation, th...
Effect of carbon chain length of fatty acids on ketogenesis in the ruminant.

Abstract Even-carbon fatty acids with chain lengths from 2 to 18 were administered to goats in various metabolic states. There was a rapid ketonemia of decreasing magnitude after administering the C 4 through C 10 acids, suggesting direct absorption from the rumen, with ketone body formation in the rumen wall or liver. In fed animals, the C 12 through C 18 acids had no effect on blood ketones or glucose. In fasted and phlorizinized animals exhibiting hypoglycemia, C 8 caused increases both in blood ketones and in blood glucose, while C 16 had no effect on ketones, but did increase glucose. Results suggest enough early absorption in the rumen of the long-chain acids to stimulate existing gluconeogenesis, but major absorption in the lower tract, probably as triglycerides, without resultant ketogenesis.
A function–structure model for NGF‐activated TRK

Mechanisms regulating transit of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) from inactive to active states are incompletely described, but require autophosphorylation of tyrosine(s) within a kinase domain ‘activation loop’. Here, we employ functional biological assays with mutated TRK receptors to assess a ‘switch’ model for RTK activation. In this model: (i) ligand binding stimulates activation loop tyrosine phosphorylation; (ii) these phosphotyrosines form specific charge pairs with nearby basic residues; and (iii) the charge pairs stabilize a functionally active conformation in which the activation loop is restrained from blocking access to the kinase catalytic core. Our findings both support this model and identify residues that form specific charge pairs with each of the three TRK activation loop phosphotyrosines.
Remodeling of the insect nervous system

Our nervous systems and behavior are shaped by hormonally driven developmental changes that continue beyond the embryonic period. Key insights into this process have emerged from studies of the insect nervous system. During insect metamorphosis, the nervous system is remodeled through postembryonic neurogenesis, programmed cell death and the modification of persistent neurons. These changes are regulated to a large degree by gene cascades that are triggered by steroid hormones, the ecdysteroids. Current studies are attempting to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating these dramatic examples of developmental plasticity.
Migrating to Ipv6 — The role of basic coordination

The need for a larger Internet address space was acknowledged early on, and a solution (IPv6) standardized years ago. Its adoption has, however, been anything but easy and still faces significant challenges. The situation begs the questions of “why has it been so difficult?” and “what could have been (or still be) done to facilitate this migration?” There has been significant recent interest in those questions, and the paper builds on a line of work based on technology adoption models to explore them. The results confirm the impact of several known factors, but also provide new insight. In particular, they highlight the destabilizing effect of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) offering competing alternatives (to IPv6), and demonstrate the benefits of even minimum coordination among them in offering IPv6 as an option. The findings afford additional visibility into what affects technology transition in large systems with complex dependencies such as the Internet.
LQG Vibration Control of Aircraft Panel Using Automated State Weighting Procedure

Optimal control theory has long been plagued by its inability to optimize the state and control weighting matrices specified in the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) cost function. Although this control is optimal for a given set of user-defined state and control weighting matrices, the performance of the controller varies widely based on the selection of these weights. Engineers have been left with the task of choosing appropriate weighting sequences by iterating each weight until the controller performs to their satisfaction. This procedure gets increasingly more frustrating and time consuming as the size of the controller increases. The work in this paper outlines an effective strategy which reduces the engineer’s effort in finding these weights. It is shown that the introduction of an additional performance index along with the repeated perturbation of an initial guess quickly leads to a controller with excellent performance. Comparison of this automated method with a controller exhaustively designed using a standard selection method reveals a closed loop system response which has more energy reduction and more maximum amplitude reduction, all in a fraction of the time it takes to guess and check the weights. The controller will be applied to the model of an aircraft panel in an effort to reduce vibrations caused by wind. The goal is to achieve a reduction in cabin noise by controlling the vibration of such panels. The system identification procedure uses a modification of the SOCIT toolbox to achieve extremely accurate frequency domain system models. The model obtained using this method will then be used in the design and simulation of both the trial-and-error state weighted controller and the automated state weighted controller.© 2005 ASME
Diseases determined by major genes.

Abstract Tharae rise of genetic epidemiology, its development from inspection of data to analysis of major loci, applications to recurrence risks, and the countercurrent of ideological opposition are described.
MULTIPLE ISOTOPE EFFECTS AS A PROBE OF PROTON AND HYDRIDE TRANSFER IN THE 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE REACTION

Primary solvent deuterium, primary substrate deuterium, multiple solvent deuterium/substrate deuterium, and multiple solvent deuterium/13C isotope effects on V/K6PG have been measured for the Candida utilis and sheep liver 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (6PGDH). Proton inventory data suggest the presence of a significant medium effect in a step preceding hydride transfer and the presence of a kinetic solvent deuterium isotope effect on hydride transfer. Multiple isotope effect data confirm the presence of multiple solvent deuterium sensitive steps, likely including a conformational change preceding hydride transfer, hydride transfer, and decarboxylation.
Leukocyte redistribution and eicosanoid changes during the autoperfused working heart-lung preparation.

We studied the role of leukocyte redistribution and eicosanoid changes in the early stages of instituting 16 rabbit autoperfused working heart-lung preparations (A WHLP). Physiological changes occurring during the transition from the intact animal to the A WHLP may determine the survival and viability of the organ blocks for transplantation. White blood cell (WBC) count decreased from 5160/μL to 1430/μL (P <. 01) at 60 min of autoperfusion. Differential WBC counts performed in ten of these A WHLP revealed a 63% decrease in lymphocyte count and an 88% decrease in the granulocyte count at 60 min. Thus, the predominant leukocyte remaining in the circulation was the lymphocyte. Blood samples were collected from the intact animal and from the A WHLP for assay of the stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2). Transition from the in situ heart-lung block to the in vitro A WHLP stage caused significant changes in these metabolites. The PGI, metabolite 6-ketoprostaglandin F1, (6KPGF1a) in...
Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Surface Morphology and Growth Kinetics in Thaumatin Crystallization

Surface morphology and growth kinetics of thaumatin crystals in the supersaturation range σ = 0−1.65 were investigated using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). At σ < 0.7 growth steps were produced both by screw dislocations and two-dimensional nuclei. At higher supersaturations growth proceeded exclusively by two-dimensional nucleation. Adsorption of three-dimensional clusters on the surfaces of growing crystals that resulted in the formation of multilayer stacks which then grew tangentially was observed. Strong directional kinetic anisotropy in the tangential step growth rates in different directions was also seen. From the supersaturation dependence of tangential step rates, the kinetic coefficient of the steps β〈011〉 was determined to be 2 × 10-4 cm/s. The supersaturation dependence of the rate of two-dimensional nucleation was measured, and this yielded the supersaturation dependence of the normal growth rate. From these data the surface free energy of the step edge was calculated to be α ≈ 0.4 e...
Further Results on Predictor-Based Control of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Electromechanical delay (EMD) and uncertain nonlinear muscle dynamics can cause destabilizing effects and performance loss during closed-loop control of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Linear control methods for NMES often perform poorly due to these technical challenges. A new predictor-based closed-loop controller called proportional integral derivative controller with delay compensation (PID-DC) is presented in this paper. The PID-DC controller was designed to compensate for EMDs during NMES. Further, the robust controller can be implemented despite uncertainties or in the absence of model knowledge of the nonlinear musculoskeletal dynamics. Lyapunov stability analysis was used to synthesize the new controller. The effectiveness of the new controller was validated and compared with two recently developed nonlinear NMES controllers, through a series of closed-loop control experiments on four able-bodied human subjects. Experimental results depict statistically significant improved performance with PID-DC. The new controller is shown to be robust to variations in an estimated EMD value.
T3-activation of the rat growth hormone gene is inhibited by a zinc finger/homeodomain protein.

Abstract Since the transcription factor Zfhep is expressed in somatotropes and binds the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene T3-response element (TRE), we investigated whether Zfhep regulates the response of this gene to T3. In cotransfection experiments, Zfhep did not regulate the native rGH promoter in the absence of T3. However, Zfhep repressed T3-mediated activation significantly in either GH3 or JEG-3 cells. Up to 70% repression was mediated through the rGH TRE in a heterologous promoter (thymidine kinase), but was not observed with the idealized DR4 or chicken lysozyme F2 TREs. Zfhep apparently does not repress T3-mediated activation simply by competition for binding to DNA since the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of Zfhep (which is sufficient for DNA-binding) is not sufficient for repression and since cotransfection of excess thyroid hormone receptor (TR) did not prevent repression by Zfhep. These data indicate that the rGH TRE is a composite element that can integrate Zfhep and T3 regulation.
Arachidonic acid prevents hyperglycemia-associated yolk sac damage and embryopathy.

Light microscopic, electron microscopic, and morphometric studies were performed on rat conceptuses cultured between day 10 and day 12 in normal, hyperglycemic, arachidonic acid-supplemented normal, and arachidonic acid-supplemented hyperglycemic rat serum. The results were compared with those of 12-day-old conceptuses grown in utero. No major differences were observed between in vivo and in vitro control conceptuses. Arachidonic acid supplementation of control culture medium resulted in an improvement of conceptus development. Addition of 20 μg/ml of arachidonic acid to an otherwise teratogenic hyperglycemic serum medium (950 mg/dl of D -glucose) prevented the malformations induced by hyperglycemic conditions: open neural tube, advanced neuropil formation in the neuroepithelium, significant reduction of rough endoplasmic reticulum, decreased size and number of lipid droplets, and increased number of lysosome-like structures in the visceral endodermal yolk sac cells.
Acquired Extracardiac Causes of Pulmonary Ischemia

Pulmonary vascular ischemia may be associated with acquired extracardiac lesions such as primary pulmonary hypertension, multiple peripheral and/or main pulmonary artery saddle emboli, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, diffuse replacement of the liver and obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Sixty-seven proved cases have been studied, and the occurrence of pulmonary vascular changes on plain roentgenograms of the chest reviewed. Typical roentgenographic examples are presented. The recognition of pulmonary vascular ischemia was found to be important as it frequently indicated a very serious complication to one of the above disease entities. Right ventricular angiography was often required to help differentiate these lesions and to help identify those patients who were candidates for surgery.
A Three-dimensional Model of Human Organic Anion Transporter 1 AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS REQUIRED FOR SUBSTRATE TRANSPORT

Organic anion transporters (OATs) play a critical role in the handling of endogenous and exogenous organic anions by excretory and barrier tissues. Little is known about the OAT three-dimensional structure or substrate/protein interactions involved in transport. In this investigation, a theoretical three-dimensional model was generated for human OAT1 (hOAT1) based on fold recognition to the crystal structure of the glycerol 3-phosphate transporter (GlpT) from Escherichia coli. GlpT and hOAT1 share several sequence motifs as major facilitator superfamily members. The structural hOAT1 model shows that helices 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 surround an electronegative putative active site (∼830A3). The site opens to the cytoplasm and is surrounded by three residues not previously examined for function (Tyr230 (domain 5) and Lys431 and Phe438 (domain 10)). Effects of these residues on p-aminohippurate (PAH) and cidofovir transport were assessed by point mutations in a Xenopus oocyte expression system. Membrane protein expression was severely limited for the Y230A mutant. For the K431A and F438A mutants, [3H]PAH uptake was less than 30% of wild-type hOAT1 uptake after protein expression correction. Reduced Vmax values for the F438A mutant confirmed lower protein expression. In addition, the F438A mutant exhibited an increased affinity for cidofovir but was not significantly different for PAH. Differences in handling of PAH and cidofovir were also observed for the Y230F mutant. Little uptake was determined for cidofovir, whereas PAH uptake was similar to wild-type hOAT1. Therefore, the hOAT1 structural model has identified two new residues, Tyr230 and Phe438, which are important for substrate/protein interactions.
Rifampicin limitation of DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-damaged bacteria: evidence for postirradiation replication synchrony.

Rifampicin (150 μg/ml), an antibiotic which blocks initiation of RNA synthesis, limits postirradiation DNA replication in ultraviolet-exposed (200 ergs/mm2) Escherichia coli strain Brthy trp cultures after DNA increases of 50 % and 100 %. Chloramphenicol (160 μg/ml) which blocks protein synthesis does not limit DNA replication after such increases. The data show that RNA synthesis which is independent of protein synthesis that can be blocked by chloramphenicol is necessary for continuation of DNA replication in ultraviolet-damaged bacteria. Rifampicin prevents reinitiation of DNA replication when added during the postirradiation restoration period and before 13 min of incubation. Capacity of the ultraviolet-exposed culture for the initial 50 % increase in DNA in the presence of rifampicin is attained in less than 3 min (from 13 min to 16 min of postirradiation incubation). These findings join other evidence in supporting postirradiation replication synchrony of the bacterial chromosomes.
λ(n)-convex functions

Abstract The goal of this research is to characterize the λ( n )-convex functions in terms of determinants and divided differences. The results of this paper do not appear in any published mathematical literature.
Counting acyclic digraphs by sources and sinks

Abstract We count labeled acyclic digraphs according to the number sources, sinks, and edges.
Role of excitatory amino acid transmission in the genesis of seizures elicited from the deep prepiriform cortex.

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that bilateral motor seizures can be elicited from a discrete site within the deep prepiriform cortex (DPC) after a single, unilateral microinjection of picomole amounts of bicuculline, carbachol or kainic acid. The present work shows that 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (2-APH), a specific antagonist of receptors activated byn-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA), when microinjected into DPC reduces the incidence of clonic seizures elicited by bicuculline, carbachol or kainic acid microinjected into the same site. In addition, NMDA, aspartate and glutamate unilaterally microinjected into DPC produces bilateral motor seizures comparable to those elicited by bicuculline, carbachol or kainic acid. These data suggest that activation of excitatory amino acid receptors is both necessary and sufficient for evoking seizures from DPC.
Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Horses

Equine urinary tract infection (UTI) most commonly occurs as a sequela to structural or functional inhibition of normal urine flow. Although it is an infrequent diagnosis in equids, the incidence of UTI in human beings is high and has inspired great investigative effort. The resultant findings with potentially broad application as well as current equine studies are reviewed here. Recent developments in the understanding of host-agent interactions and renal defense mechanisms, emerging antimicrobial resistance, and novel therapeutic alternatives to prophylactic antibiotic use are emphasized.
Evolution of Darwinian drift

The evolution of drift with time at a plane normal to the passage of a body from far right to far left is investigated. It is shown that the measurable part of the drift volume as a function of time is uniquely determined, and that the indeterminacy of Darwin's drift integral simply does not matter to the physical world, in which there is a Darwin theorem stating that the drift mass is equal to the added mass. The method for determining the shape of the drift surface is also given.
Attributing Tropical Cyclogenesis to Equatorial Waves in the Western North Pacific

The direct influences of equatorial waves on the genesis of tropical cyclones are evaluated. Tropical cyclogenesis is attributed to an equatorial wave when the filtered rainfall anomaly exceeds a threshold value at the genesis location. For an attribution threshold of 3 mm/day, 51% of warm season western North Pacific tropical cyclones are attributed to tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances, 29% to equatorial Rossby waves, 26% to mixed Rossby-Gravity waves, 23% to Kelvin waves, 13% to the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), and 19% are not attributed to any equatorial wave. The fraction of tropical cyclones attributed to TD-type disturbances is consistent with previous findings. Past studies have also demonstrated that the MJO significantly modulates tropical cyclogenesis, but fewer storms are attributed to the MJO than any other wave type. This disparity arises from the difference between attribution and modulation. The MJO produces broad regions of favorable conditions for cyclogenesis, but the MJO alone might not determine when and where a storm will develop within these regions. Tropical cyclones contribute less than 17% of the power in any portion of the equatorial wave spectrum because tropical cyclones are relatively uncommon equatorward of 15deg latitude. In regions where they are active, however, tropical cyclones can contribute more than 20% of the warm season rainfall and up to 50% of the total variance. Tropical cyclone-related anomalies can significantly contaminate wave-filtered precipitation at the location of genesis. To mitigate this effect, the tropical cyclone-related rainfall anomalies were removed before filtering in this study.
Threshold concentration monitoring based on pattern recognition analysis of differential near-infrared spectra

A threshold concentration monitoring procedure based on near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy is described for use in continuous process monitoring applications. The method is based on collecting an off-line reference sample and obtaining a near-IR spectrum and corresponding reference concentration at the start of the monitoring period. Subsequently, spectra are collected continuously and ratios are taken with respect to the reference spectrum. The resulting spectra in absorbance units are differential spectra whose effective analyte concentration (termed the differential concentration) is the difference in concentration relative to the concentration in the reference sample. By knowing the reference concentration and a user-specified threshold, a critical concentration can be defined that specifies the threshold in terms of differential concentrations. Determining whether the analyte concentration is within specification can then be addressed as a pattern classification problem and a qualitative classification model can be used to discriminate differential spectra that reflect the two possible states: within or outside of specification. A simulated biological process is used to test the methodology in which a dynamic system of glucose, lactate, urea, and triacetin in the mM range in phosphate buffer is monitored continuously to detect occurrences when the glucose concentration drops below a threshold of 3.0 mM. With the use of three sets of prediction data, one of which was collected 2.5 years after the calibration data, the monitoring algorithm is implemented with 100% successful detections and no false detections.
Modeling the behavior of real asset prices

Recently there has been much research treating housing and other real assets as financial claims, primarily in order to value their derivative assets, such as mortgages and mortgage-backed securities. Real asset prices are then typically modeled as a lognormal process, in the same manner that has traditionally been applied to firm value. The service flow or implicit value of a house is thus considered, in analogy with stock dividends, to be a fixed proportion of the fluctuating house price. We consider the appropriateness of this formulation and draw some distinctions between real assets, such as a house, and investment enterprises, such as a firm. We then propose an alternative method of formulating the service flow and the price of real assets which seems more appropriate to the economic characteristic of such assets.
Case of moyamoya disease in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Background: Moyamoya disease is an occlusion of the terminal portion of internal carotid arteries and proximal portion of middle and anterior cerebral arteries of unknown origin. Moyamoya syndrome is associated with meningitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, head trauma, head irradiation, brain tumor, von Recklinghausen’s disease, tuberous sclerosis, Marfan syndrome, sickle cell anemia, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and oral contraceptive use. To our knowledge, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a cause of moyamoya syndrome has not been reported in an adult population. Objective: We report a case of moyamoya syndrome in a patient with AIDS and without other conditions associated with occlusion of the circle of Willis and formation of collateral network at the base of the brain and basal ganglia. Methods: We present a case report. Results: A 29-year-old woman with an 8-year history of AIDS on multiple antiretroviral medications presented with recurrent tingling of the left extremities which 1 month later progressed to mild hemiparesis and dysarthria. During the next few months the patient developed progressive cognitive decline and on-and-off fluctuations in the degree of hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple small subcortical infarct’s in both parietal lobes. Magnetic resonance angiography showed occlusion of middle cerebral arteries distal internal carotid arteries, with prominent collateral network. Cerebral angiography confirmed moyamoya pattern. Lumbar puncture showed: white blood cell count 1, red blood cell count 418, protein 56, glucose 53, negative bacterial and acid-fast bacilli smear and culture, negative VDRL test, India ink, cryptococcal antigen, cytology and negative polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. Electroencephalography showed diffuse background slowing. Conclusions: We hypothesize that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) caused central nervous system vasculitis, which eventually led to formation of moyamoya pattern. No other definite causes of central nervous system vasculitis were found in our patient. Cerebrovascular disorders should be considered in patients with HIV/AIDS with focal neurologic deficit. Moyamoya syndrome as a cause of stroke should be considered in patients with HIV/AIDS, especially as survival improves.
A novel approach to improving the mechanical properties in recycled Vulcanized natural rubber and its mechanism

Vulcanized rubbers have three-dimensional chemical networks, and as a result they do not melt or dissolve. The presence of these networks creates a tremendous problem at the end of a product's life (i.e., recycling). Recently, R. J. Farris et al. have rediscovered a technique coined “high-pressure high-temperature sintering” (HPHTS) that fuses/sinters 100% vulcanized rubber powder into a solid mass recovering approximately 35−40% of the original mechanical properties. A method of enhancing the mechanical properties of sintered natural rubber powder by incorporating various organic compounds will be discussed in this paper. Additives of different chemical structures such as dienophiles (maleic acid and maleic anhydride), dipolarophiles (phthalimide), and organic acids (benzoic acid, salicyclic acid, and others) are employed. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) are used to investigate the mechanisms of sintering and the underlying facto...
Effect of hyperthermia on TRAIL‐induced apoptotic death in human colon cancer cells: Development of a novel strategy for regional therapy

Approximately 25% of patients with colorectal cancer will develop metastatic disease exclusively or largely confined to the liver, and the vast majority of these cases are not amenable to surgical resection. These unresectable cases of liver metastatic disease can be treated with isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP), which involves a method of complete vascular isolation of the liver to allow treatment of liver tumors with toxic systemic doses of chemotherapeutic agents. To improve the efficacy of IHP, hyperthermia and biological agents have been applied along with the chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated whether hyperthermia in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) enhances mortality in human colorectal carcinoma CX-1 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations of TRAIL (0–200 ng/ml) at various temperatures (40–46°C) for 1 h and further incubated at 37°C in the presence of TRAIL. We observed that hyperthermia at 42–43°C effectively promoted TRAIL-induced apoptosis, as indicated by cell death, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3. In contrast, hyperthermia at 45–46°C suppressed TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We also observed that mild hyperthermia, but not acute hyperthermia, promoted cytochrome c release during treatment with TRAIL. Our data suggest that promotion of cytochrome c release during mild hyperthermia is responsible for the enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 619–630, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
J.O.I.D.E.S. Ocean Drilling on Continental Margin off Florida: ABSTRACT

Most of the Tertiary section was sampled in six core holes drilled along a transect across the continental shelf, slope, and Blake plateau east of Jacksonville, Florida. Water depths at the drill sites ranged from 25 to 1,032 meters and penetrations into the bottom from 120 to 320 meters. Continuous coring was attempted at most of the sites, using a wire-line core barrel. Core recovery averaged 36 per cent overall, with best recovery (46%) in the soft formations of silt and clay and poorest recovery (22%) in hard layers of chert and dolomite. A generalized stratigraphic cross section, drawn from the coring results, reveals that the continental margin is a wedge-shaped constructional feature which becomes thinner seaward. End_of_Article - Last_Page 648------------
Game theory, algorithms, and the Internet

Among the many characteristics of the Internet (huge and growing, available and unstructured, dynamic and chaotic), perhaps the most novel, distinguishing, and intellectually challenging one is that, unlike previous computational artifacts and systems, the Internet is built, operated, and used by a dazzling diversity of economic interests, in various degrees of collaboration and competition with each other. Consequently, it can be argued that the mathematical arsenal necessary for attaining an algorithmic and conceptual understanding of the Internet must include some kind of fusion between mathematical economics (especially game theory and its inverse problem, mechanism design) and algorithmic thinking. In this talk I shall survey recent formalisms and results aiming in this general direction, and discuss the research agenda that appears to be emerging.
A general theory of chemical cytotoxicity based on a molecular model of the living cell, the Bhopalator.

To define the molecular processes underlying toxicological manifestations experimentally measured on the cellular level, it is essential to have available a molecular model of the living cell itself. The Bhopalator is a molecular model of the living cell formulated by integrating the three major branches of biology within a coherent theoretical framework — the Watson-Crick molecular genetics, the conformon theory of enzymic catalysis, and the theory of dissipative structures developed by I. Prigogine. According to this model, the living cell is a self-moving, self-thinking and self-reproducing machine (automaton) that receives information and energy from its environment, processes them according to the genetic programs stored in DNA, and generates output signals to environment in order to realize teleonomically designed functions. The Bhopalator suggests a set of general statements useful in toxicological research, and these statements have been utilized to provide possible answers to several fundamental questions raised by recent experimental findings on chemically-induced cell injury and death.
An Interactive Computer-Based Conferencing System to Accommodate Students' Learning Process:

We describe an integrated computer-based conferencing and mailing system as a tool to encourage students to more actively participate in class discussions. The system is called ICMS (Integrated Conferencing and Mail System). It provides a bulletin board that serves as a communication medium for the students and the instructor. An analysis of why students do not actively engage in class discussions is given. We then proceed to explain how the ICMS system can successfully alleviate this problem. Furthermore, we discuss how the ICMS system can serve as a tool to improve a student's critical thinking and as a guide to self-evaluation. Other unintended but positive consequences of the ICMS system are described. We conclude that the ICMS system can play an effective role in students' learning process.
Functional Outcomes Following Catheter-Based Iliac Vein Stent Placement

Objectives:Although previous reports have demonstrated the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy and iliac vein stent placement for the management of iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT), functional outcomes remain undefined. The purpose of this study was to determine midterm outcomes and functional quality of life among patients treated with iliac vein stenting.Methods:Records of all the patients treated with iliac vein stent placement between March 2004 and March 2011 were examined for primary patency, assisted primary patency, and secondary patency. Midterm functional outcomes were measured quantitatively, including ongoing symptoms and return to work status.Results:Over the study interval, 32 patients (33 limbs) underwent iliac vein stent placement. In all, 72% (n = 23) of these patients were female, with an average age of 43 years. In all, 78% (n = 25) of the patients were diagnosed with acute DVT, 89% of which occurred in the left leg. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was utilized in 92...