cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fidgetin-Like 2: A Microtubule-Based Regulator of Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process driven largely by the migration of a variety of distinct cell types from the wound margin into the wound zone. In this study, we identify the previously uncharacterized microtubule-severing enzyme, Fidgetin-like 2 (FL2), as a fundamental regulator of cell migration that can be targeted in vivo using nanoparticle-encapsulated small interfering RNA (siRNA) to promote wound closure and regeneration. In vitro, depletion of FL2 from mammalian tissue culture cells results in a more than twofold increase in the rate of cell movement, in part due to a significant increase in directional motility. Immunofluorescence analyses indicate that FL2 normally localizes to the cell edge, importantly to the leading edge of polarized cells, where it regulates the organization and dynamics of the microtubule cytoskeleton. To clinically translate these findings, we utilized a nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery platform to locally deplete FL2 in both murine full-thickness excisional and burn wounds. Topical application of FL2 siRNA nanoparticles to either wound type results in a significant enhancement in the rate and quality of wound closure both clinically and histologically relative to controls. Taken together, these results identify FL2 as a promising therapeutic target to promote the regeneration and repair of cutaneous wounds.
MOUSETRAP: ultra-high-speed transition-signaling asynchronous pipelines

A new asynchronous pipeline design is introduced for high-speed applications. The pipeline uses simple transparent latches in its datapath, and small latch controllers consisting of only a single gate per pipeline stage. This simple stage structure is combined with an efficient transition-signaling protocol between stages. Initial pre-layout HSPICE simulations of a 10-stage FIFO on a 16-bit wide datapath indicate throughput of 3.51 GigaHertz in 0.25 /spl mu/ CMOS, using a conservative process. This performance is competitive even with that of wave pipelines, without the accompanying problems of complex timing and much design effort. Additionally, the new pipeline gracefully and robustly adapts to variable-speed environments. The stage implementations are extended to fork and join structures, to handle more complex system architectures.
The Asynchronous Learning Environment (ALN) as a gender-neutral communication environment

Women are under-represented in technology-intensive fields. Arguments abound on the question are there true gender differences. Some see the Internet as the great equalizer. Some studies have shown the gender gap to be narrowing in certain online activities. Distance education often uses discussion forum postings as one of the common learning activities. This research reports on a study with doctoral level students in both a technology intensive class and a more people-oriented class. The directionality of forum discussion postings were examined from both a within gender perspective and a cross gender perspective. The findings did show that the postings in this Asynchronous Learning Environment (ALN) were gender-neutral. In addition, two different configurations were examined: a free-form posting and a structured posting. These configurations were examined from a gender perspective and no difference was found. Lastly, the nature of the program of study was examined in regards to level of interactivity related to gender. Again, there were no significant differences found. This research did demonstrate that an ALN can be perceived as a gender-neutral environment.
PARP1-mediated necrosis is dependent on parallel JNK and Ca2+/calpain pathways

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a nuclear enzyme that can trigger caspase-independent necrosis. Two main mechanisms for this have been proposed: one involving RIP1 and JNK kinases and mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), the other involving calpain-mediated activation of Bax and mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). However, whether these two mechanisms represent distinct pathways for PARP1-induced necrosis, or whether they are simply different components of the same pathway has yet to be tested. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were treated with either N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or β-Lapachone, resulting in PARP1-dependent necrosis. This was associated with increases in calpain activity, JNK activation and AIF translocation. JNK inhibition significantly reduced MNNG- and β-Lapachone-induced JNK activation, AIF translocation, and necrosis, but not calpain activation. In contrast, inhibition of calpain either by Ca(2+) chelation or knockdown attenuated necrosis, but did not affect JNK activation or AIF translocation. To our surprise, genetic and/or pharmacological inhibition of RIP1, AIF, Bax and the MPT pore failed to abrogate MNNG- and β-Lapachone-induced necrosis. In conclusion, although JNK and calpain both contribute to PARP1-induced necrosis, they do so via parallel mechanisms.
Spatial-variability-based algorithms for scaling-up spatial data and uncertainties

When using remote sensing and geographic information systems, accurately scaling- up spatial data of a variable and their uncertainties from a finer to a coarser spatial resolution is widely required in mapping and managing natural resources and ecological and environmental systems. In this study, four up-scaling methods were derived based on simple and ordinary cokriging estimators and a sequential Gaussian cosimulation algorithm for points and blocks. Taking spatial variability of variables into account in the up-scaling process made it possible to simultaneously and accurately obtain estimates and estimation variances of larger blocks from sample and image data of smaller supports. With the aid of Thematic Mapper imagery, these methods were compared in a case study where overall vegetation and tree covers were scaled up from a spatial resolution of 30/spl times/30 m/sup 2/ to 90/spl times/90 m/sup 2/ with a stratification method at 90/spl times/90 m/sup 2/. The results showed that the methods Point simple coKriging/spl I.bar/Point co-Simulation scaling UP (PsK/spl I.bar/PSUP) and PsK/spl I.bar/Block co-Simulation (PsK/spl I.bar/BS) led to smaller errors and better reproduced spatial distribution and variability of the variables than the other methods. Choosing PsK/spl I.bar/PSUP or PsK/spl I.bar/BS depends on the users' emphasis on accuracy of estimates and variances, computational time, etc. The methods can be applied to multiple continuous variables that have any distribution. It is also expected that the general idea behind the methods can be expanded to scaling-up spatial data for categorical variables.
Discrimination of offspring by indirect recognition in an egg-feeding dendrobatid frog, Oophaga pumilio

Offspring discrimination, the differential treatment of offspring and unrelated young, functions in numerous animal taxa to ensure that vital and costly parental care behaviours are appropriately directed. Discrimination can be facilitated either by direct (phenotypic) recognition of offspring or by indirect (nonphenotypic) recognition of offspring location. Offspring discrimination and recognition mechanisms have not been identified in an amphibian. In the strawberry poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, a dendrobatid frog with obligatory maternal provisioning behaviour, I tested whether mothers discriminate between offspring and unrelated young, whether they use direct or indirect recognition cues, and whether prior parental investment plays a contextual role in the differential treatment of young. Mother frogs utilized tadpole-rearing cups attached to tree trunks in wet tropical forest. After manipulating the identity, location and/or age of tadpoles in cups, I determined whether maternal provisioning behaviour was maintained by measuring tadpole growth and development. Mothers provisioned young regardless of tadpole identity, but were sensitive to location and did not provision tadpoles that were moved 2 cm to an adjacent cup. When given a choice between related and unrelated tadpoles in originally chosen or adjacent cups, mothers discriminated by location, but not by relatedness. Maternal provisioning behaviour persisted when a tadpole provisioned for 10 days was replaced with either an age-matched or newly hatched unrelated tadpole, so direct offspring recognition does not appear to be dependent on prior parental investment. Together, these results provide strong evidence that mother O. pumilio use indirect recognition cues to discriminate between offspring and unrelated offspring.
The Fuzzy Logic of Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Cardiac hypertrophy is defined as an abnormal increase in heart muscle mass and is functionally, mechanistically, and histologically distinguished from normal embryonic and postnatal myocardial growth by characteristic changes in cardiac myocyte shape and volume.1 Reactive hypertrophy, that is, hypertrophy that occurs in response to an extrinsic increase in cardiac work,2 is distinguished from genetic familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations3 in which the stimulus for hypertrophy is intrinsic to the cardiomyocyte. In the prototypical reactive hypertrophic response to pressure overload, decreased wall stress (estimated as the ratio of ventricular radius to wall thickness; Figure 1) resulting from “compensatory” cardiac hypertrophy provides mechanical advantages that help normalize ejection performance in the face of increased workload as originally described by Grossman et al4 (Figure 1). These mechanical benefits accrue whether the stimulus for hypertrophy is intermittent, as with exercise training that produces “physiological hypertrophy,” or sustained, as with hypertension or aortic stenosis that produce “pathological hypertrophy.” With sustained hemodynamic overload, however, progressive systolic dysfunction ultimately occurs that leads to heart failure (Figure 1). The realization that prolonged, continuous hemodynamic stress will ultimately lead to hypertrophy decompensation, together with accumulating information that the hypertrophied myocardium is transcriptionally and biochemically distinct from normal myocardium,5 lead Katz to derive the concept of a “cardiomyopathy of pressure overload,”6 which is a specific contextual application of the notion of pathological hypertrophy. Figure 1. Stimulus-specific hypertrophic responses of the heart and how they affect wall stress (c), which, at equal pressures, is proportional to the ratio of internal ventricular radius at end diastole (r) and ventricular wall thickness (h). Whether it is compensatory or decompensated, hypertrophy is associated with alterations in cardiac geometry (size and shape) collectively referred to as “ventricular remodeling.7 Importantly, although they are related to each other, cardiac architecture …
Modeling heat dissipation in an SOI device finite element analysis at semiconductor die level

As the semiconductor market continues to drive toward increased power in smaller area, the industry will face new challenges in terms of materials and process integrations. These new challenges include power metallurgies, GaN, and a host of other materials. With increasing complexity and increased wafer costs, multiple iterations of experimental silicon are becoming more costly and more time consuming. As a result, the ability to simulate and predict material and geometry responses becomes all the more valuable. Finite element analysis (FEA) is often used for package level simulations, but has gone largely unused at wafer and die level. FEA offers numerous opportunities to explore the effects of temperature, stress, and strain and to evaluate possible solutions. This paper examines use of FEA to evaluate heat dissipation in a buried N+ resistor in an SOI technology and the factors impacting temperature. “DC” and transient simulations varying current, buried oxide thickness, contact materials, contact areas and substrate thickness, provide information on how heat is dissipated in an SOI power structure without requiring costly and time consuming silicon fabrication.
High creatinine 6 months after renal transplant.

Ultrasonography showed a large fluid collection compressing the transplanted kidney. What is the diagnosis?
Structural Change in Natural Graphite heat-treated with Boron Carbide

Structural change in natural graphite power heat-treated with boron carbide power under a pressure of 19.6 MPa was investigated as functions of heat-treatment temperature from 1400 to 2300°C and content of boron carbide from 0 to 50 wt%.Above 2000°C, d (002) and d (110) remarkably changed, (006) peak remarkably broad-ened and the lattice strain (ec) increased with increasing temperature and with increasing boron carbide content.Raman band at 1360 cm-1 also appeared.From these experimental results, it was concluded that the three dimensional ordered structure of graphite began to change into a disorderedstate above 2000°C when boron carbide coexisted with. The disordering was found to be caused by boron atom diffusion into substitutional or interstitial position in graphite structure.The amount of substitution-ally diffused boron was estimated to be about 1-2 atom% at 2000-2300°C and this diffusion was thought to induce the decrease of d (002) and increase of d (110). Interstitial diffusion of boron began to start after substitution when boron existed in excess of the solubility limit. Interstitial insertion of boron was thought to induce the increase of d (002) but had no effect on d (110).
Direct Adsorption Isotherms of AEAs and Fly Ash: α-Olefin Sulfonate and Combination Admixtures

The direct adsorption isotherm test provides a direct measurement of the air entraining admixtures (AEAs) adsorption by fly ash in concrete. This method was developed and tested using a popular Vin...
Rapid annealing of sequentially plated Pd-Au composite membranes using high pressure hydrogen

Abstract In this work, the time-consuming process of annealing Pd-Au alloy composite membranes, fabricated by sequential electroless plating, has been revisited. Composite Pd-Au/YSZ membranes approximately 5 µm thick with compositions ranging from 8 wt% to 10 wt% Au were fabricated by the bi-layer fabrication technique. Using these membranes, we investigated the effect of changing the pressure of the annealing gas (H 2 ) on annealing time at temperatures between 450 °C and 550 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the progress of annealing, where it was observed that a ~10 wt% Au membrane could be annealed in 9 h at 550 °C and 3 MPa H 2 whereas it took 120 h to anneal a similar membrane at 550 °C and 0.1 MPa H 2 . Another ~10 wt% Au membrane was annealed in less than 2 days at 450 °C and 3 MPa H 2 . Complete annealing was confirmed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) with multiple spot scans throughout the thickness of the membrane indicating a uniform Au composition. Additionally, it was found that the apparent activation energy for hydrogen permeation ( E act ) could be used as an in situ parameter to judge the extent of annealing. In this technique, apparent E act decreases as the membrane anneals, reaching a minimum value which is characteristic of its Au composition. Additional annealing time does not further change the apparent E act for a membrane with a homogeneous Au distribution.
Diverse and Critical Perspectives on Cognitive Development Theory

This chapter synthesizes foundational theories of cognitive development and then presents diverse and critical perspectives to examine how power and privilege influence cognitive development.
In a Certain Sense Dr. William Osler Has Been My Best Mentor

Tadashi Takeuchi is a Professor Emeritus of the Tokyo Women's Hospital University, one of the founders of the Japan Pancreas Society and first Editor-in-Chief of its official journal. His research contributed enormously to the understanding of the role of gastrointestinal hormones in pancreatic physiology as well as disease. In this interview, Professor Takeuchi discusses the importance of mentorship during career development.
Engaging undergraduates in copyright and fair use fundamentals

Undergraduate students have a limited knowledge of copyright basics. In order to fill this knowledge gap, I seek to engage undergraduates by providing them with an understanding of the ethics around copyright law, of their rights over their own contributions to their scholarly communities, of the availability of Creative Commons-licensed materials, and of how to exercise their fair use rights. Basic knowledge of these concepts is not only an integral part of understanding and engaging with information, but it also has the potential to motivate informed attitudes and behaviors around copyright. With this in mind, I designed an undergraduate class on copyright and fair use fundamentals that can be incorporated into any introductory college or university library instruction course or can be treated as a stand-alone session.
Food Protection in Jails and Prisons

In recent years substantial attention has been given to environmental health and food protection in jails and prisons in the United States. As a result several commissions and task forces, as well as the courts, have studied conditions in the correctional setting which are hazardous to the health and well-being of inmates. This report, based on an investigation of 100 selected jails and prisons, summarizes findings on foodservice operations and their role in penal and correctional institutions.
Nanoelectronic Mixed-Signal System Design [Book Reviews]

The book covers the entire spectrum of modern integrated circuit (IC) technologies from the design and simulation point of view, starting at the schematic level and progressing through to actual physical design. There are many senior- and graduate level textbooks centered on traditional digital very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design. The topic is robust, mature, and has been taught for decades. In parallel, there is a much smaller population of texts focused on analog IC design with an emphasis on designing specific modules, such as amplifiers, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, receivers, transmitters, filters, and other esoteric topics. Absent from the latter category of textbooks are the discussions of system-centered analog design geared toward integration into an SoC. The intersection of these two design disciplines is commonly known as mixed-signal or analog/mixed-signal (AMS) design, a topic that has received very little attention. There are only a handful of books on the subject, usually at very advanced levels; most are collections of loosely connected chapters or papers. This dearth of information is at odds with the fact that all IC design these days is AMS by virtue of the design methodologies developed and the systems themselves: pure digital systems, even though still tremendously useful for computation, do not reflect daily usage of commodity electronics dictated by our connected society. This book covers the entire spectrum of modern IC technologies from the design and simulation point of view, starting at the schematic level and progressing through to actual physical design, including postlayout simulation and design optimization, always with a systems emphasis. The audience for this massive and authoritative treatise includes those interested in AMS IC design, particularly at the nano level, and the book also addresses the needs of everyone in that scope: college seniors, master’s and Ph.D. students as well as practicing engineers, designers, and computer-aided design developers. It can be used both as a text and reference book at the same time, since it covers an immense amount of state-of-the-art material.
Nonlinear Transient Analysis of Light Water Reactor Steam Generators Using an Implicit Eulerian Method

We present a new computational method developed for fluid flows, in which both compressibility and thermal expansion effects are important. Application of the method in transient thermal-hydraulic ...
Evaluation of the influence of wording changes and course type on motivation instrument functioning in chemistry

Increased understanding of the importance of the affective domain in chemistry education research has led to the development and adaptation of instruments to measure chemistry-specific affective traits, including motivation. Many of these instruments are adapted from other fields by using the word ‘chemistry’ in place of other disciplines or more general ‘science’ wording. Psychometric evidence is then provided for the functioning of the new adapted instrument. When an instrument is adapted from general language to specific (e.g. replacing ‘science’ with ‘chemistry’), an opportunity exists to compare the functioning of the original instrument in the same context as the adapted instrument. This information is important for understanding which types of modifications may have small or large impacts on instrument functioning and in which contexts these modifications may have more or less influence. In this study, data were collected from the online administration of scales from two science motivation instruments in chemistry courses for science majors and for non-science majors. Participants in each course were randomly assigned to view either the science version or chemistry version of the items. Response patterns indicated that students respond differently to different wordings of the items, with generally more favorable response to the science wording of items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the internal structure of each instrument, however acceptable data-model fit was not obtained under any administration conditions. Additionally, no discernable pattern could be detected regarding the conditions showing better data-model fit. These results suggest that even seemingly small changes to item wording and administration context can affect instrument functioning, especially if the change in wording affects the construct measured by the instrument. This research further supports the need to provide psychometric evidence of instrument functioning each time an instrument is used and before any comparisons are made of responses to different versions of the instrument.
Readmission After Epilepsy Discharge in a Nationally Representative Sample (S4.008)

Objective: To determine the 30-day readmission rate after epilepsy-related discharge in a nationally representative sample, as well as patient, hospitalization, and hospital characteristics associated with readmission. Background: Hospital readmissions are central to evaluations of health care quality and outcomes. The extent to which patient, clinical, treatment, and hospital factors drive readmissions has not been extensively studied for epilepsy—among the most common chronic neurological conditions. Design/Methods: Retrospective review with 30-day readmission as the primary outcome. Index admissions for epilepsy were sampled from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Admissions were excluded if the patient was less than 18 years old, died, if the admission was elective or if it occurred in December (due to insufficient follow-up). Results: 115,146 admissions met all inclusion criteria, of which 11,883 patients (10.3%) were readmitted within 30 days. Medical comorbidity (Elixhauser score >4 compared to 1: OR, 2.82; 95% CI: 2.46–3.23), length of stay (>7 days compared to 1–2 days: OR, 1.52; 95% CI:1.37–1.69), and primary payer (Medicare: OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.3–1.63 and Medicaid: OR, 1.47; 95% CI: 1.31–1.64 compared to private insurance) independently predicted readmission. Importantly, adverse events during the index admission (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.15–1.47), including medication (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12–1.44) and medical or surgical events (OR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06–1.67) were significantly associated with readmission within 30 days. The most common reason (20.8%) for readmission was epilepsy or convulsion. Conclusions: Patients hospitalized with epilepsy are frequently readmitted. While readmitted patients are more likely to have multiple medical comorbidities, adverse events are associated with readmission. The most common reason for readmission is seizure. This suggests that a significant portion of readmissions are related to modifiable risk factors. Understanding preventable drivers of readmission in this population presents an opportunity to improve patient care. Study Supported by: L.J. Blank was supported by a grant from the American Epilepsy Society and the Epilepsy Foundation, the Mirowski Family Foundation, as well as the Neurologic Clinical Epidemiology Training Grant T32-NS-061779. Disclosure: Dr. Blank has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thibault has nothing to disclose. Dr. Crispo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wright Willis has nothing to disclose.
Acculturation and breast-feeding intention and practice in Hispanic women on the US-Mexico border

OBJECTIVES To explore the extent to which acculturation indicators predict both breast-feeding history and intentions among Mexican-American mothers having their first births, and among those having subsequent births. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey in a hospital post-partum unit. METHODS 3,036 Hispanic women were interviewed post-partum in their hospital room. A survey was administered in English or Spanish, and included questions about prenatal care, diet, work exposures, contraceptive use, and breast-feeding history and intentions. For the purposes of this study, acculturation was measured using a series of indicators including language spoken at home, language ability, country of birth, and country in which last schooling was received. RESULTS Previous breast-feeding was significantly associated with educational attainment, speaking both English and Spanish at home, having had prenatal care during the previous pregnancy, and with both country variables (country of birth and country where finished school). Women with less education, women who were single, and women who did not receive any prenatal care were less likely to intend to breast-feed than were women with a college education, women with a partner, and women who received any prenatal care. Women born in Mexico (for multiparous women), or having finished school in Mexico (for primiparous women), were more likely to intend to breast-feed. CONCLUSIONS Acculturation is associated with breast-feeding history and intention to breast-feed. Acculturation is a complex construct and traditional measures of acculturation based on language preference may not be as useful on the US-Mexico border. It is recommended that further study be conducted to determine what factors prevent women from breast-feeding, even though they intend to do so, especially in multi-cultural communities like those around the US-Mexico border.
The Role of Play and Make-Believe in Children's Cognitive Development: Implications for Social Class Differences and Education

cognitive development of the child. Several early and contemporary theories of the role of play and make-believe are discussed. Studies which have examined the antecedents of social class differences in the young child's play are explored and their implications for later development and education are analyzed. As is common in many aspects of child development, the area of play and make-believe provides more theories than it does data. While empirical studies are scarce, a common bond of many relevant theories is the implicit assumption that the child's play is significantly more important to development than it appears, serving some unseen biological, psychological, or social functions. Some early theories1 perceived of play as serving no function other than to dissipate the child's surplus energy (Schiller, 1887; Spencer, 1873) or, conversely, to help the child relax and replenish his/her energy (Lazarus, 1883; Patrick, 1916); other early theories (Groos, 1901; Hall, 1906; Lange, 1901) assumed play to serve more meaningful functions yet disregarded, almost entirely, the content and developmental sequences of play. Moreover, little effort was made to explain individual differences in play behavior and, predictably, there was no systematic research to dispute opposing theories. Some contemporary theories, while still lacking a firm empirical base, attempt to analyze the content of the growing child's play and relate it to more fundamental aspects of the individual's overall development. For example, play has been suggested as influencing the child's selfdevelopment (Frank, 1968; Minuchin, 1971; White, 1959), control of
Talent Management and Development: Perspectives From Emerging Market Economies:

The ProblemThis issue of Advances addresses an important and so far largely unexplored area of practice and research: Talent management and development (TMD) in emerging market economies. Given the...
Biological insights from multi-omic analysis of 31 genomic risk loci for adult hearing difficulty

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), one of the most common medical conditions, is strongly heritable, yet its genetic causes remain largely unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from multiple hearing-related traits in the UK Biobank (n = up to 323,978) and identified 31 genome-wide significant risk loci for self-reported hearing difficulty (p < 5e-8), of which 30 have not been reported previously in the peer-reviewed literature at genome-wide significance. We investigated the regulatory and cell specific expression for these loci by generating mRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq from cells in the mouse cochlea. Risk-associated genes were most strongly enriched for expression in cochlear epithelial cells, as well as for genes related to sensory perception and known Mendelian deafness genes, supporting their relevance to auditory function. Regions of the human genome homologous to open chromatin in sensory epithelial cells from the mouse were strongly enriched for heritable risk for hearing difficulty, even after adjusting for baseline effects of evolutionary conservation and cell-type non-specific regulatory regions. Epigenomic and statistical fine-mapping most strongly supported 50 putative risk genes. Of these, at least 39 were expressed robustly in mouse cochlea and 16 were enriched specifically in sensory hair cells. These results reveal new risk loci and risk genes for hearing difficulty and suggest an important role for altered gene regulation in the cochlear sensory epithelium.
An Attribute-Based Distributed Data Sharing Scheme

Patients rely on their public health records shared among medical institutions to receive the appropriate treatment they require. They must completely trust that these institutions will secure their records, protect their privacy, and efficiently share them when requested by other institutions. Unfortunately, medical institutions cannot fully be trusted for several reasons. First, patient records are stored on the servers of the medical institutions which could result in security issues and also a single point of failure. Second, centralized storage may also result in privacy concerns if records are incorrectly shared or leaked. Third, institutions may purposely delay sharing patient records for competitive reasons. To address these issues, we propose an attribute-based distributed data sharing scheme for patients to control how their records are shared. The distributed file sharing can effectively prevent the single point of failure and ensure data availability upon its request. Moreover, patients are also given the capability of selectively sharing their records for privacy protection. Our analysis shows that while ensuring attribute-based sharing of medical records, the proposed scheme can also work with the peer-to-peer distributed network storage such as InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to improve efficient data retrieval.
The spatial allocation of attention in an interactive environment

Inattentional blindness methods allow for an unobtrusive measure of the spatial distribution of attention; because subjects do not expect the critical object, they have no reason to devote attention to task-irrelevant regions in anticipation of it. We used inattentional blindness to examine the spatial allocation of attention in an interactive game in which subjects navigated through a dynamic environment and avoided hazards. Subjects were most likely to notice unexpected objects in the areas with the greatest risk of contact with a hazard, and less likely to notice equally proximal objects in inaccessible areas of the display or areas in which hazards no longer posed a threat. These results suggest that both the content of the environment and how a subject can interact with it influence the spatial allocation of attention.
Social Work Is a Human Rights Profession

As defined by the International Federation of Social Workers, social work is a human rights profession. This is explicitly stated in the professional codes of ethics in many nations. However, the most recent version of the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers continues to exclude any mention of human rights, fitting in with the history of U.S. exceptionalism on this subject. Social workers around the world have a long history of working for the achievement of human rights, including an explicit grounding of practice in human rights principles: human dignity, nondiscrimination, participation, transparency, and accountability. Utilizing these principles, U.S. social workers can move from the deficit model of the needs-based approach to competently contextualizing individual issues in their larger human rights framework. In this way, social work can address larger social problems and make way for the concurrent achievement of human rights. This article explains these principles and provides a case example of how to apply them in practice.
Mathematical Models and Bifurcation Theory in Biology

The mathematical description of any physical process begins with a repeatable experiment. A mathematical theory is then sought which duplicates the experimental results. Usually physical laws or principles are applied to the experimental system to obtain the form and structure of the mathematical model. In many applications, the parameters in the mathematical model are not precisely known, and must also be obtained from the experiment.
Evolving ethical issues with advances in uterus transplantation

While uterus transplantation was once considered only a theoretical possibility for patients with uterine factor infertility, researchers have now developed methods of transplantation that have led to successful pregnancies with multiple children born to date. Because of the unique and significant nature of this type of research, it has been undertaken with collaboration not only with scientists and physicians but also with bioethicists, who paved the initial path for research of uterus transplantation to take place. As the science of uterus transplantation continues to advance, so too must the public dialogue among obstetrician/gynecologists, transplant surgeons, bioethicists, and other key stakeholders in defining the continued direction of research in addition to planning for the clinical implementation of uterus transplantation as a therapeutic option. Given the rapid advances in this field, the time has come to revisit the fundamental questions raised at the inception of uterus transplantation and, looking forward, determine the future of this approach given emerging data on the procedure's impact on individuals, families, and society.
Hedgehog produced by the Drosophila wing imaginal disc induces distinct expression responses in three target tissues

Hedgehog (Hh) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein that has essential roles in animal development and homeostasis. We investigated Hh signaling in the region of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc that produces Hh and is near the tracheal air sac primordium (ASP) and myoblasts. Hh distributes in concentration gradients in the wing disc anterior compartment, ASP, and myoblasts and activates different sets of genes in each tissue. Some transcriptional targets of Hh signal transduction are common to the disc, ASP, and myoblasts, whereas others are tissue-specific. Signaling in the three tissues is cytoneme-mediated and cytoneme-dependent. We conclude that a single source of Hh in the wing disc regulates cell type-specific responses in three discreet target tissues.
α,α,4‐Tri­chloro‐α‐phenyl‐o‐tolyl di­chloro­phosphinate

The reaction of 5-chloro-2-hydroxy­benzo­phenone with phospho­rus pentachloride yielded the title compound, C13H8Cl5O2P. This compound can then be decomposed into a 2,5-di­chloro­benzo­phenone by heating. There are two mol­ecules of the title compound in the asymmetric unit.
One-pot chemoenzymatic reactions in water enabled by micellar encapsulation

The use of micellar conditions to enable one-pot reactions involving both transition metal and enzymatic catalysts is reported. Representative enzymatic transformations under micellar conditions are unaffected by the presence of non-ionic surfactants, including designer surfactants such as TPGS-750-M. Furthermore, the presence of enzymes has a negligible effect on transition metal catalysis under micellar conditions in water. Finally, three one-pot chemoenzymatic reactions in water are reported in which the micelle-forming surfactant TPGS-750-M is a crucial factor for reaction efficiency.
Autonomous Warehouse-Scale Computers

Modern Warehouse-Scale Computers (WSCs), composed of many generations of servers and a myriad of domain specific accelerators, are becoming increasingly heterogeneous. Meanwhile, WSC workloads are also becoming incredibly diverse with different communication patterns, latency requirements, and service level objectives (SLOs). Insufficient understanding of the interactions between workload characteristics and the underlying machine architecture leads to resource over-provisioning, thereby significantly impacting the utilization of WSCs.We present Autonomous Warehouse-Scale Computers, a new WSC design that leverages machine learning techniques and automation to improve job scheduling, resource management, and hardware-software co-optimization to address the increasing heterogeneity in WSC hardware and workloads. Our new design introduces two new layers in the WSC stack, namely: (a) a Software-Defined Server (SDS) Abstraction Layer which redefines the hardware-software boundary and provides greater control of the hardware to higher layers of the software stack through stable abstractions; and (b) a WSC Efficiency Layer which regularly monitors the resource usage of workloads on different hardware types, autonomously quantifies the performance sensitivity of workloads to key system configurations, and continuously improves scheduling decisions and hardware resource QoS policies to maximize cluster level performance. Our new WSC design has been successfully deployed across all WSCs at Google for several years now. The new WSC design improves throughput of workloads (by 7-10%, on average), increases utilization of hardware resources (up to 2x), and reduces performance variance for critical workloads (up to 25%).
Discovery of a tight correlation between pulse lag/luminosity and jet-break times: a connection between gamma-ray burst and afterglow properties

A correlation is presented between the pulse lag and the jet-break time for seven BATSE gamma-ray bursts with known redshifts. This is, to our best knowledge, the first known direct tight correlation between a property of the gamma-ray burst phase (the pulse lag) and the afterglow phase (the jet-break time). As pulse lag and luminosity have been found to be correlated this also represents a correlation between peak luminosity and jet-break time. Observed timescales (variability or spectral lags) as well as peak luminosity naturally have a strong dependence on the Lorentz factor of the outflow and so we propose that much of the variety among GRBs has a purely kinematic origin (the speed or direction of the outflow). We explore a model in which the variation among GRBs is due to a variation in jet-opening angles, and find that the narrowest jets have the fastest outflows. We also explore models in which the jets have similar morphology and size, and the variation among bursts is caused by variation in viewing angle and/or due to a velocity profile. The relations between luminosity, variability, spectral lag and jet-break time can be qualitatively understood from models in which the Lorentz factor decreases as a function of angle from the jet axis. One expects to see high luminosities, short pulse lags and high variability as well as an early jet-break time for bursts viewed on axis, while higher viewing inclinations will yield lower luminosities, longer pulse lags, smoother bursts and later jet-break times.
Systematic improvements in lentiviral transduction of primary human natural killer cells undergoing ex vivo expansion.

Transduction of primary human natural killer (NK) cells with lentiviral vectors has historically been challenging. We sought to evaluate multiple parameters to optimize lentiviral transduction of human peripheral blood NK cells being expanded to large numbers using a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant protocol that utilizes irradiated lymphoblastoid (LCL) feeder cells. Although prestimulation of NK cells with interleukin (IL)-2 for 2 or more days facilitated transduction with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped lentivirus, there was a subsequent impairment in the capacity of transduced NK cells to proliferate when stimulated with LCL feeder cells. In contrast, incubation of human NK cells with LCL feeder cells plus IL-2 before transduction in the presence of the TBK1 inhibitor BX795 resulted in efficient lentiviral integration (mean of 23% transgene+ NK cells) and successful subsequent proliferation of the transduced cells. Investigation of multiple internal promoter sequences within the same lentiviral vector revealed differences in percentage and level of transgene expression per NK cell. Bicistronic lentiviral vectors encoding both GFP and proteins suitable for the isolation of transduced cells with magnetic beads led to efficient transgene expression in NK cells. The optimized approaches described herein provide a template for protocols that generate large numbers of fully functional and highly purified lentivirus-transduced NK cells for clinical trials.
Testing for Return Predictability with Co-Moving Predictors of Unknown Form

Testing for constant expected returns and forecasting future returns necessitate the information beyond a single predictor. We consider the predictive regression model with multiple predictors which are potentially strongly persistent and cointegrated. Instrumental variables based tests for joint predictability are shown to be robust to cointegration among predictors of unknown form. We also study their behavior under general dynamic and cross-sectional correlation in innovations. Empirical applications to two datasets in the U.S. aggregate stock market show that the results substantially widen the choice set of potential predictors for valid inference of return predictability.
Cultural Transmission, Institutional Continuity and the Persistence of the Mousterian

Mousterian or Eurasian Middle Paleolithic material culture represents an extremely successful set of hominin adaptations. Mousterian technologies were used for more than 200,000 years by groups living in diverse habitats through several glacial/interglacial cycles. Yet they also disappeared surprisingly rapidly following the expansion of anatomically modern Homo sapiens into Eurasia. In fact, the same factors that underpinned the apparent success of the Mousterian technologies and culture may have hastened their eventual disappearance. Middle Paleolithic populations, though widespread, were small and fragmented into numerous local demes. Middle Paleolithic foragers fed at a high trophic level, which would have facilitated expansion into empty habitats but also would have kept absolute densities low. These demographic conditions help explain the apparent continuity in Mousterian culture across great expanses of space and time. Small, fragmented populations limit the rates at which innovations appear and spread. Unstable populations also inhibit the development of robust social networks and other cultural institutions that can store latent cultural information. But it is difficult for dispersed, fragmented populations to resist invasion. Any cognitive or cultural characteristics which led to greater continuity in early Homo sapiens populations and cultural institutions would have helped them to disrupt the already fragile social fabrics of Middle Paleolithic populations, and to establish a permanent presence in Eurasia.
A Model of RSDM Implementation

Today's Data Base Management Systems do not provide functionality to extract potentially hidden knowledge in data. This problem gave rise in the 80's to a new research area called Knowledge Discovery in Data Bases (KDD). In spite the great amount of research that has been done in the past 10 years, there is no uniform mathematical model to describe various techniques of KDD. The main goal of this paper is to describe such a model. The Model integrates in an uniform framework various Rough Sets Techniques with standard, non Rough Sets based techniques of KDD. The Model has been already partially implemented in RSDM (Rough Set Data Miner) and we plan to complete the implementation by integrating all the operations in the code of database management systems. Operations that are defined in the paper have successfully been implemented as part of RSDM.
Abstract W MP46: Novel In Vivo Assessment of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Inflammatory Factors: Prospective Analysis of Intra-Aneurysmal Serum Inflammatory Markers in a University Hospital

Background: There are known correlations between intracranial aneurysm size as well as underlying demographic risk factors that lead to aneurysm rupture. The treatment of unruptured aneurysms is predicated on this, however selecting which unruptured aneurysms should be treated can be difficult. It is thought that formation, growth and eventual rupture of aneurysms is due to an underlying inflammatory process, which has been shown in pathological studies to exist within aneurysmal walls. The inflammatory milieu within a live aneurysmal sac and its implications for aneurysmal rupture is not currently known. Objective: To determine the presence of inflammatory markers within unruptured aneurysm sacs. Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data from a database of patients who presented for unruptured aneurysm coil embolization over the span of 25 months to a University Hospital. These patients had blood samples withdrawn from the aneurysm sac immediately prior to coil embolization. This blood was sent for testing, with controls provided by blood sampled from the aneurysm parent vessel. Complement C3 and C4 levels from the aneurysm and parent vessel were then compared using column tables with paired t-test analysis. Results: A total of 8 patients were enrolled. The mean age (± SD) of treated patients was 68 (±15.3) years and 7 (87.5%) were women. 5 aneurysms (62.5%) were in the anterior circulation. Aneurysm size ranged from 5mm to 14mm, mean size 8.9mm (± 3.1mm). 5 patients (62.5%) were white while 7 patients (87.5%) had history of hypertension. C3 and C4 analysis showed a consistent decrease of complement values within the aneurysm as compared to the parent vessel. (For C3, mean of differences [MD] was 9.375, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.56-13.19. For C4, MD was 1.500, 95% CI 0.50-2.50.) Conclusion: There is an observed decrease in complement values within unruptured aneurysms, suggestive of ongoing classic complement pathway activation. This supports the aneurysm inflammation model, which shows complement deposition in aneurysm walls. Our data suggests that this process is ongoing in live unruptured aneurysms and could be possibly targeted in future aneurysm trials. Further investigation is needed.