cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upper crustal shortening and forward modeling of the Himalayan thrust belt along the Budhi-Gandaki River, central Nepal

A balanced cross-section along the Budhi-Gandaki River in central Nepal between the Main Central thrust, including displacement on that fault, and the Main Frontal thrust reveals a minimum total shortening of 400 km. Minimum displacement on major orogen-scale structures include 116 km on the Main Central thrust, 110 km on the Ramgarh thrust, 95 km on the Trishuli thrust, and 56 km in the Lesser Himalayan duplex. The balanced cross-section was also incrementally forward modeled assuming a generally forward-breaking sequence of thrusting, where early faults and hanging-wall structures are passively carried from the hinterland toward the foreland. The approximate correspondence of the forward modeled result to observe present day geometries suggest that the section interpretation is viable and admissible. In the balanced cross-section, the Trishuli thrust is the roof thrust for the Lesser Himalayan duplex. The forward model and reconstruction emphasize that the Lesser Himalayan duplex grew by incorporating rock from the footwall and transferring it to the hanging wall along the Main Himalayan thrust. As the duplex developed, the Lesser Himalayan ramp migrated southward. The movement of Lesser Himalayan thrust sheets over the ramp pushed the Lesser Himalayan rock and the overburdens of the Greater and Tibetan Himalayan rock toward the erosional surface. This vertical structural movement caused by footwall collapse and duplexing, in combination with erosion, exhumed the Lesser Himalaya.
Antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil on human colon cancer cell lines: Antagonism by levamisole

Background. The addition of levamisole (Lev) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer has been shown to improve 5-year survival in patients. The mechanism of action of Lev remains unknown. Because we showed little in vitro immunological effect of Lev, we asked whether Lev, alone or in combination with 5-FU, had antitumor activity in vitro Methods. Proliferation of COLO-205 and HT-29 colon cancer cells incubated for 2 to 3 days in Lev and 5-FU was measured in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium colorimetric assays. Cell cycle analysis was performed by treating tumor cells for 6, 24, and 48 h with Lev and 5-FU, staining cells with propidium iodide, and measuring DNA content by flow cytometry. Results. The addition of Lev to 5-FU did not reduce proliferation below that of 5-FU alone. The inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) for 5-FU was 3.2 x 10−6 M for COLO-205 and 1.3 x 10−5 M for HT-29. An IC50 was not reached for Lev, even at millimolar doses. DNA analysis of cells treated for 48 h revealed significant S-phase accumulation of both HT-29 (from 17% in control cells to 36% in treated cells) and COLO-205 (from 35% in control cells to 59% in treated cells) cell lines at micromolar 5-FU concentrations. In contrast, Lev alone did not affect cell cycle distribution for either cell line. The addition of Lev to 5-FU not only did not augment, but inhibited, the effects of 5-FU. Conclusions. Levamisole has no direct cytotoxic effect and no additive or synergistic cytotoxic effect when combined with 5-FU on two colon cancer cell lines. Either the observed clinical effects of Lev treatment occur through an as yet unknown mechanism, require longer treatment periods in vitro to become evident, or the results of clinical trials showing its effectiveness should be carefully reexamined.
Dielectric and metallic nanosuspensions with tunable optical nonlinearities

We provide a brief report on our recent work on dielectric and metallic colloidal nanosuspensions with negative polarizability where we observed robust propagation of self-trapped light over a long distance. Our results open up new opportunities in developing soft-matter systems with tunable optical nonlinearities.
The relevance of standard estimates of rates of return to schooling for education policy: A critical assessment

Abstract This paper examines the accuracy and usefulness of estimated rates of return to schooling based on the standard human capital model of Becker and Mincer. Regarding accuracy, it investigates whether failure to account for differences in ability and school quality lead to significant biases. Estimates using Ghanaian data confirm this possibility. Even when accurate, estimated rates of return to additional years of schooling may have limited policy implications; more useful for governments are rates of return to investments in school quality. The paper uses data on cognitive skills to estimate rates of return to three types of school quality improvements.
Water chemistry of high elevation Colorado wilderness lakes

High elevation alpine and subalpine Rocky Mountain lakes in Colorado and southeastern Wyoming were examined to determine regional variability in water chemistry and their sensitivity to atmospheric deposition. Acid neutralizing capacity, pH, conductivity and concentrations of major anions and cations were compared. Regional differences in water chemistry are evident. The south-eastern most lakes have significantly higher pH, conductivity, ANC, and sums of acid and base concentrations than lakes in the other regions of the state. In contrast the north-western most lakes are significantly more dilute than those from other regions. Despite these two regional differences, most regions are similar in having a wide range of variability in potential sensitivity of their lakes to acidification and nitrogen export. Many wilderness areas in western and eastern regions contains lakes that are extremely sensitive and other lakes not susceptible to deposition. Overall, 70% of the Colorado lakes are sensitive to acidification and 15% are extremely sensitive to acidification. All of the regions had lakes that are classified as susceptible or sensitive to acidification, with 12 of the 17 areas having all of their sampled lakes susceptible or sensitive. Generally NO concentration in surface waters decreased from mid-season to late season; yet a large number of the lakes export NO late in the season, suggesting nitrogen saturation. The results confirm the sensitivity of high elevation wilderness aquatic ecosystems in all regions of Colorado to acidification and nitrogen deposition.
Alkali metal doping and energy level shift in organic semiconductors

We have investigated Cs and Na doping in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq) using photoemission spectroscopy. We observed valence and core level spectra changes at different doping levels, and found that the doping induces an energy level shift that can be seen in two different stages. The first stage is predominantly due to the Fermi level moving in the energy gap as a result of the doping of electrons from the alkaline metal to the organic, and the second stage is characterized by a significant modification of organic energy levels, such as the introduction of a new gap state, new core level components and a change of binding energies. Furthermore, we observed that the energy level shift in the first stage depends in a semi-logarithmic fashion on the doping concentration, whose slope cannot be explained by the conventional model used in inorganic semiconductors. These results indicate that the molecular nature and strong correlation must be considered for doping in organic semiconductors.
Rectifying airborne scanner measurements using neural networks

Popularized by the images from weather satellites and other Earth observing satellites, remote sensing from space has already become a household term. Airborne remote sensing, however, still holds its important place in the development of the remote sensing technology and in many applications. Prototype, proof-of-concept instruments are flown on aircraft before their improved versions are deployed on space shuttles or satellites. Airborne remote sensing is also more practical for regional applications. Since an aircraft flies in the Earth's atmosphere, factors contributing to geometric distortion are less systematic and more random. Substantial amount of effort is usually required to rectify the measurements. In this study, a scanner model is developed to generate simulated aircraft measurements. A backpropagation network and other variations are used to map the measurement space to the physical space. For measurements conducted over extensive area, techniques of anchoring the training data is developed such that geometric rectification can be performed in segments. Advantages of the neural network methods over the traditional method, and the need of constrained optimization are discussed.
A modeling study of the effect of gravity on airflow distribution and particle deposition in the lung

Inhalation of particles generated as a result of thermal degradation from fire or smoke, as may occur on spacecraft, is of major health concern to space-faring countries. Knowledge of lung airflow and particle transport under different gravity environments is required to addresses this concern by providing information on particle deposition. Gravity affects deposition of particles in the lung in two ways. First, the airflow distribution among airways is changed in different gravity environments. Second, particle losses by sedimentation are enhanced with increasing gravity. In this study, a model of airflow distribution in the lung that accounts for the influence of gravity was used for a mathematical description of particle deposition in the human lung to calculate lobar, regional, and local deposition of particles in different gravity environments. The lung geometry used in the mathematical model contained five lobes that allowed the assessment of lobar ventilation distribution and variation of particle deposition. At zero gravity, it was predicted that all lobes of the lung expanded and contracted uniformly, independent of body position. Increased gravity in the upright position increased the expansion of the upper lobes and decreased expansion of the lower lobes. Despite a slight increase in predicted deposition of ultrafine particles in the upper lobes with decreasing gravity, deposition of ultrafine particles was generally predicted to be unaffected by gravity. Increased gravity increased predicted deposition of fine and coarse particles in the tracheobronchial region, but that led to a reduction or even elimination of deposition in the alveolar region for coarse particles. The results from this study show that existing mathematical models of particle deposition at 1 G can be extended to different gravity environments by simply correcting for a gravity constant. Controlled studies in astronauts on future space missions are needed to validate these predictions.
One electron oxidation and p-type delayed fluorescence of an aromatic amine studied by pulse radiolysis

Both nanosecond and microsecond pulse radiolysis techniques have been used to investigate the formation of the cation and triplet state of NNN'N' tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) in the radiolysis of organic liquids. In benzene solutions the triplet state of TMPD is mainly formed by energy transfer from the singlet and triplet excited states of benzene. The decay of the triplet TMPD is first order and is accompanied by delayed fluorescence. In cyclohexane and 3-methyl-pentane solutions a mixture of the triplet state and cation of TMPD are formed. The cation is formed by electron transfer from TMPD to the solvent cation, while neutralization of the TMPD cation leads to the triplet state. A significantyield of TMPD cation is formed in ethanol and isopropanol solutions. It is suggested that the cation is derived by electron transfer from TMPD to an oxidizing solvent radical (G ≈ 1·0). The rate of electron transfer is k = (4·5±0·5) x 109 l mol-1s-1 in ethanol and (5·5±1·5) x 109 l mol-1s-1 in isopropanol. In the absence of TMPD the oxidizing radical disappears by first-order kinetics with k = (1·7±0·5) × 107 s−1 in ethanol and k = (3·5±0·5) x 107 l mol-1s-1 in isopropanol.
Heavy quark diffusion and lattice correlators

We study charmonia correlators at finite temperature. We analyze to what extent heavy quarkonia correlators are sensitive to the effect of heavy quark transport.
Reflex urethral instability.

Summary— Eleven patients with incontinence and large post-voiding residual urine volumes have been studied with a urodynamic technique. Results indicate that reflex urethral relaxation was responsible for urinary incontinence. A probably relationship of this syndrome to bladder overdistension is suggested by ancillary evidence.
Maltose‐binding protein interacts simultaneously and asymmetrically with both subunits of the Tar chemoreceptor

Summary The Tar chemotactic signal transducer of Escherichia coli mediates attractant responses to L-aspartate and to maltose. Aspartate binds across the subunit interface of the periplasmic receptor domain of a Tar homodimer. Maltose, in contrast, first binds to the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MBP), which in its ligand-stabilized closed form then interacts with Tar. Intragenic complementation was used to determine the MBP-binding site on the Tar dimer. Mutations causing certain substitutions at residues Tyr-143, Asn-145, Gly-147, Tyr-149, and Phe-150 of Tar lead to severe defects in maltose chemotaxis, as do certain mutations affecting residues Arg-73, Met-76, Asp-77, and Ser-83. These two sets of mutations defined two complementation groups when the defective proteins were co-expressed at equal levels from compatible plasmids. We conclude that MBP contacts both subunits of the Tar dimer simultaneously and asymmetrically. Mutations affecting Met-75 could not be complemented, suggesting that this residue is important for association of MBP with each subunit of the Tar dimer. When the residues involved in interaction with MBP were mapped onto the crystal structure of the Tar periplasmic domain, they localized to a groove at the membrane-distal apex of the domain and also extended onto one shoulder of the apical region.
Bioluminescence in the Monterey submarine Canyon: image analysis of video recordings from a midwater submersible

Video images of bioluminescence were recorded in situ during a 1985 study of the midwater environment of the Monterey Canyon, using a single-person, untethered submersible. Gelatinous organisms were responsible for the most brilliant bioluminescent displays, often exhibiting elaborate kinetics in response to mechanical stimulation. Images of bioluminescent displays recorded from identified organisms are shown and display patterns are described. All bioluminescence emission spectra from captured specimens were blue, with peak emissions between 460 and 494 nm. Image-analysis of recordings of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence revealed source densities between 43 and 175 m-3 and intensities between 2.5 and 37.3 μW sr-1 m-3. The predominant display type at all depths studied (between 100 and 560 m) was luminous secretions. Despite high intensities of mechanically stimulated bioluminescence, no spontaneous light production was recorded in the absence of mechanical stimulation.
Activation of a meiotic checkpoint during Drosophila oogenesis regulates the translation of Gurken through Chk2/Mnk.

Abstract Background: During Drosophila oogenesis, unrepaired double-strand DNA breaks activate a mei-41 -dependent meiotic checkpoint, which couples the progression through meiosis to specific developmental processes. This checkpoint affects the accumulation of Gurken protein, a transforming growth factor α-like signaling molecule, as well as the morphology of the oocyte nucleus. However, the components of this checkpoint in flies have not been completely elucidated. Results: We show that a mutation in the Drosophila Chk2 homolog (DmChk2/Mnk) suppresses the defects in the translation of gurken mRNA and also the defects in oocyte nuclear morphology. We also found that DmChk2 is phosphorylated in a mei-41 -dependent pathway. Analysis of the meiotic cell cycle progression shows that the Drosophila Chk2 homolog is not required during early meiotic prophase, as has been observed for Chk2 in C. elegans . We demonstrate that the activation of the meiotic checkpoint affects Dwee1 localization and is associated with DmChk2 -dependent posttranslational modification of Dwee1. We suggest that Dwee1 has a role in the meiotic checkpoint that regulates the meiotic cell cycle, but not the translation of gurken mRNA. In addition, we found that p53 and mus304 , the Drosophila ATR-IP homolog, are not required for the patterning defects caused by the meiotic DNA repair mutations. Conclusions: DmChk2 is a transducer of the meiotic checkpoint in flies that is activated by unrepaired double-strand DNA breaks. Activation of DmChk2 in this specific checkpoint affects a cell cycle regulator as well as mRNA translation.
Parental Savings in a Children's Account Program for College Education

This article presents sociodemographic characteristics and outreach activities that were associated with parents making early personal deposits in a children's college savings account program designed for lower income families. A sample of 235 parents who joined the savings program was examined, comparing those who had made early deposits into the accounts and those who had not. Parents' level of education and their having attended a program orientation were strongly associated with making deposits in the accounts. Implications for practice, programs, and policies to help lower income families save for their children's college education are discussed.
Intravital Microscopic Analysis of Vascular Perfusion and Macromolecule Extravasation after Photodynamic Vascular Targeting Therapy

Purpose Photodynamic therapy (PDT), involving the combination of a photosensitizer and light, is being evaluated as a vascular disrupting therapy and drug delivery enhancement modality based on its effects on vascular perfusion and barrier function. Since tumor vasculature is the common route for the delivery of both blood and therapeutic agents, it is important to compare the effects of PDT on blood perfusion and substance transport.
Associations between BMI, energy intake, energy expenditure, VDR genotype and colon and rectal cancers (United States)

Components of energy balance are important elements associated with colorectal cancer risk. In this study we examine the association between VDR genotypes, BMI, physical activity, and energy intake and risk of colorectal cancer. Data from a population-based case–control study of colon (1174 cases and 1174 controls) and rectal (785 cases and 1000 controls) cancer was used to evaluate the associations. The Bsm1, polyA, and Fok1 VDR polymorphisms were evaluated. For colon cancer, those who are obese were at greater risk of colon cancer if they had the SS or BB (OR=3.50; 95 CI=1.75–7.03; p interaction 0.03) or ff (OR=2.62; 95 CI=1.15–5.99; p interaction 0.12/) VDR genotypes. On the other hand, those who were least physically active were at greater risk of colon cancer if they had theff VDR genotype (OR=3.46; 95 CI=1.58–7.58; p interaction 0.05. The association between energy intake and colon cancer appears to be driven more by energy intake than Bsm1 or polyA VDR genotypes, although there was a significant interaction between the Fok1 VDR polymorphism and energy intake and risk of both colon and rectal cancer (p interaction 0.01 for colon and 0.04 for rectal). These data suggest a relationship between VDR genotype and factors related to energy balance in modifying colorectal cancer risk.
Methods for enhancing visualization of subsurface tissue structures in real time

Methods and prototype instrumentation suitable for near surface imaging in tissues are presented. These methods are designed to address two main applications: a) vein imaging to assist cannulation and venipuncture of near surface veins; b) noncontact biometric identification using distinguishing traits in the human hand.
LSD-25 and Accommodative Convergence Ratios

Introduction Experimentation in both human volunteers and laboratory animals with the psychotomimetic drugs, particularly d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), in recent years has revealed that in addition to the more prominent and well-described mental changes there are also decided effects on the autonomic nervous system, as manifested most frequently by mydriasis, increased blood pressure, tachycardia, pilo-erection, hyperthermia, and hyperglycemia. 1,2 It is generally believed that these peripheral autonomic effects are the result of the central action of LSD-25. Some investigators 3 have postulated that the parasympathetic centers are activated by a serotonin system and that the action of LSD-25 is through antagonism to the normal action of serotonin. Others 4 have have felt that LSD-25 causes direct stimulation of mesencephalic and diencephalic sympathetic centers. The mechanism of this central action of LSD-25 on the autonomic system, whether by sympathetic stimulation or by parasympathetic inhibition, has yet to be clarified. Although LSD-25
Genetic Characterization of the Nucleotide Excision Repair System of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is universally used to recognize and remove many types of DNA damage. In eubacteria, the NER system typically consists of UvrA, UvrB, UvrC, the UvrD helicase, DNA polymerase I, and ligase. In addition, when DNA damage blocks transcription, transcription-repair coupling factor (TRCF), the product of the mfd gene, recruits the Uvr complex to repair the damage. Previous work using selected mutants and assays have indicated that pathogenic Neisseria spp. carry a functional NER system. In order to comprehensively examine the role of NER in Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA recombination and repair processes, the predicted NER genes (uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, uvrD, and mfd) were each disrupted by a transposon insertion, and the uvrB and uvrD mutants were complemented with a copy of each gene in an ectopic locus. Each uvr mutant strain was highly sensitive to UV irradiation and also showed sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide killing, confirming that all of the NER genes in N. gonorrhoeae are functional. The effect of RecA expression on UV survival was minor in uvr mutants but much larger in the mfd mutant. All of the NER mutants demonstrated wild-type levels of pilin antigenic variation and DNA transformation. However, the uvrD mutant exhibited higher frequencies of PilC-mediated pilus phase variation and spontaneous mutation, a finding consistent with a role for UvrD in mismatch repair. We conclude that NER functions are conserved in N. gonorrhoeae and are important for the DNA repair capabilities of this strict human pathogen.
Promoting skilled problem‐solving behavior among beginning physics students

Beginning physics students were constrained to analyze mechanics problems according to a hierarchical scheme that integrated concepts, principles, and procedures. After five 1-hour sessions students increased their reliance on the use of principles in categorizing problems according to similarity of solution and in writing qualitative explanations of physical situations. In contrast, no consistent shift toward these expert-like competencies was observed using control treatments in which subjects spent the same amount of time solving problems using traditional approaches. In addition, when successful at performing the qualitative analyses, novices showed significant improvements in problem-solving performance in comparison to novices who directed their own problem-solving activities. The implications of this research are discussed in terms of instructional strategies aimed at promoting a deeper understanding of physics.
A case for evaluating sensor network protocols concurrently

Researchers typically evaluate and compare protocols on the testbeds by running them one at a time. This methodology ignores the variation in link qualities and wireless environment across these experiments. These variations can introduce significant noise in the results. Evaluating two protocols concurrently, however, suffers from inter-protocol interactions. These interactions can perturb performance even under very light load, especially timing and timing sensitive protocols. We argue that the benefits of running protocols concurrently greatly outweigh the disadvantages. Protocols rarely run in isolation in real networks, and so considering such interactions is valuable. Although the wireless environment is still uncontrolled, concurrent evaluations make comparisons fair and more statistically sound. Through experiments on two testbeds, we make the case for evaluating and comparing low data-rate sensor network protocols by running them concurrently.
Varenicline efficacy and safety among methadone maintained smokers: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

Aims To test the efficacy and safety of varenicline as an aid to smoking cessation in methadone-maintained smokers. Design Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with random assignment to 12 weeks of varenicline 1 mg twice daily (n = 57) or matched placebo (n = 55), with in-person and telephone counseling. Setting Urban methadone programs in the Bronx, New York City, New York, USA. Participants Methadone maintenance patients, smoking ≥5 cigarettes/day, interested in quitting, stable in methadone treatment, without current Axis I psychiatric disorders, suicidal ideation or recent suicide attempts. Measurements Seven-day point prevalence abstinence verified by expired carbon monoxide (CO) < 8 parts per million at week 12 (primary outcome); carbon monoxide (CO)-verified abstinence, cigarettes/day, incident Axis I psychiatric illness, suicidal ideation or serious adverse events (SAEs) at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12 or 24 (secondary outcomes). Findings Baseline demographic, smoking and clinical factors were similar between groups. Retention at 24 weeks was 90%. Subjects receiving varenicline were more likely than those receiving placebo to achieve abstinence (10.5 versus 0%, P = 0.03; effect size 10.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.4–19.3%) and to reduce smoking (median five versus two cigarettes/day, P < 0.001) at 12 weeks. These effects were not maintained after drug treatment ceased. Incident psychiatric illness (OR= 0.84, 95% CI = 0.16, 4.4) and suicidality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.2, 3.9] were not different between groups. There were no psychiatric or cardiac SAEs. Conclusions Varenicline can aid short-term smoking abstinence in methadone-maintained smokers.
Modeling of tension stiffening in reinforced cement composites: Part II. Simulations versus experimental results

This is the second part of a two-part paper involving a numerical model for simulations of tensile behaviour of reinforced cement-based composites. The model simulates the tensile stress strain response of a brittle matrix composite, tension stiffening effect of cracked matrix, and crack spacing evolution in tension members. The paper presents the simulations of four independent experimental results obtained from literature: steel reinforced concrete, concrete reinforced with steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), alkali resistant (AR) glass textile reinforced concrete and AR glass fabric reinforced cement pastes. The first and third experiments had complete input information for the simulations, and the predicted responses compare quite well to the experimental results. The second and last experiments did not have complete input data but, the properties can be estimated from other sources or by means of back calculations. The predicted responses reasonably agreed with the experimental results.
Compliant, Heterogeneously Integrated GaAs Micro‐VCSELs towards Wearable and Implantable Integrated Optoelectronics Platforms

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) represent a ubiquitous light source with unique performance characteristics that excel for edge-emitting lasers or light-emitting diodes. VCSELs are available, however, mostly on growth wafers in rigid, planar formats over restricted areas, thereby frustrating their use for applications that benefit greatly from unconventional design options including large-scale, programmable assemblies on unusual substrates, hybrid integration with dissimilar materials and devices, or mechanically compliant constructions. Here, materials design and fabrication strategies are presented to overcome these limitations of conventional VCSELs and create new application opportunities that are unavailable with existing technologies. Specialized epitaxial design and fabrication processes, together with printing-based integration methods, enable defect-free release of ultrathin, microscale VCSELs and their device-level implementation on non-native substrates in a scalable, cost-effective fashion. Demonstrations of large-scale, addressable arrays of VCSELs on plastics for flexible near-infrared laser displays, and heterogeneous assemblies with silicon-based electronics to form integrated optoelectronic sensors, illustrate unique capabilities.
Hydrozirconierung: Organische Synthesen mit einem neuen Übergangsmetall‐Reagens

Die „Hydrozirconierung” ist in jungster Zeit als ein Verfahren zur Funktionalisierung von Alkenen, Alkinen sowie 1,3-Dienen uber Organozirconium(IV)-Zwischenstufen entwickelt worden. Diese Zwischenprodukte setzen sich mit einer Vielfalt elektrophiler Reaktionspartner in hohen Ausbeuten zu organischen Produkten um. Mechanismen fur die Reaktionsablaufe werden diskutiert.
Autosomal dominant microcephaly with mental retardation.

A 3-year-old girl, her mother, and maternal uncle had microcephaly and mental retardation. Their facial appearance is characterized by deep-set eyes, short philtrums, and a ,%beaked” nose. The mother and uncle live in an adult foster care facility because of mental retardation. The 3-year-old girl has a developmental quotient of 55. Mother has normal phenylalanine level and the child’s chromosomes are normal. This appears to be a first report of a autosomal dominant form of microcephaly associated with mild to moderate mental retardation in contrast to absent or mild mental retardation described in earlier reports.
Legal challenges for substance abuse treatment during disasters.

Certain groups with preexisting mental and behavioral health conditions, such as substance use disorders, may be especially vulnerable during and shortly after disasters. Researchers have found that substance abuse treatment programs and the individuals they serve experienced major disruptions after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and after Hurricane Katrina. This column considers legal challenges that may arise when a rapid influx of licensed providers is needed for substance abuse treatment during disasters and reviews specific legal issues that disasters may raise for opioid treatment programs. Opportunities to mitigate legal challenges and facilitate substance abuse treatment during disasters are discussed. (Psychiatric Services 63:7–9, 2012)
Aminopeptidase activities as prospective urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer.

Purpose Proteases have been implicated in cancer progression and invasiveness. We have investigated the activities, as opposed to simple protein levels, of selected aminopeptidases in urine specimens to serve as potential novel biomarkers for urothelial cancer. Experimental design The unique urinary proteomes of males and females were profiled to establish the presence of a gender-independent set of aminopeptidases. Samples were also collected from patients with urothelial cancer and matched controls. A SOP for urine processing was developed taking into account hydration variation. Five specific aminopeptidase activity assays, using fluorophoric substrates, were optimized for evaluation of marker potential. Results Nineteen exopeptidases and 21 other proteases were identified in urine and the top-five most abundant aminopeptidases, identical in both genders, selected for functional studies. Depending on the enzyme, activities were consistently lower (p ≤ 0.05), higher or unchanged in the cancer samples as compared to controls. Two selected aminopeptidase activities used as a binary classifier resulted in a ROC curve with an AUC = 0.898. Conclusion and clinical relevance We have developed functional assays that characterize aminopeptidase activities in urine specimens with adequate technical and intraindividual reproducibility. With further testing, it could yield a reliable biomarker test for bladder cancer detection or prognostication.
Recent Advances in Marine Radio Communication

It will be seen that the development and use of vacuum tube apparatus by commercial and government stations has not only doubled the range of marine communications, but at the same time has made it possible to carry on a more extensive service with a far smaller number of corresponding stations on shore. Due to the much sharper waves emitted by vacuum tube transmitters, a greater number of channels have been opened for marine communications, which has resulted in the development of multiplex stations where marine activities are concentrated. Discontinuance of the use of spark apparatus at coast stations. and to a large extent on shipboard, has almost totally eliminated the interference formerly caused by spark stations.
Benzyl isothiocyanate in onion (Allium cepa L.) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)- A re-examination

Abstract Modern chemical and physico-chemical techniques have been applied to the analysis of benzyl isothiocyanate and glucosinolate in onion (Allium cepa L.) and mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). No such compounds could be detected above the limits of the analytical methods used and earlier claims for the presence of these compounds in these foods must be regarded as tentative.
Patterns of failure following treatment for medulloblastoma: is it necessary to treat the entire posterior fossa?

Abstract Purpose: Craniospinal radiation (CSRT) followed by a boost to the entire posterior fossa (PF) is standard postoperative therapy for patients with medulloblastoma. A large proportion of recurrences after treatment are local, with approximately 50–70% of recurrences occurring in the PF. It is unclear, however, whether these failures are occurring in the original tumor bed or outside the tumor bed, but still within the PF. With improved diagnostic imaging, better definition of tumor volumes, and the use of three-dimensional conformal therapy (3D CRT), we may be able to restrict the boost volume to the tumor bed plus a margin without compromising local control. This retrospective study analyzes the patterns of failure within the PF in a series of patients treated with radiation therapy (RT). Methods: From July 1986 through February 1996, 114 patients >18 months and Results: The median age of the 27 patients who relapsed was 8.6 years. Three patients were Conclusions: Leptomeningeal failure is a common component of failure and occurs in the leptomeninges of the PF, as well as the spine. Isolated tumor bed failure is a rarely observed event and occurred in only 2 of 27 failures described here. Similarly, parenchymal (nonleptomeningeal) failures in the PF but outside of the tumor bed were rare: 4 patients recurred in this manner, only 1 of whom was an isolated event without other sites of recurrence. Our data suggest that, when the entire PF is treated, very few failures develop in isolation in the PF outside the tumor bed. Further studies will be necessary to determine if RT to the tumor bed alone will suffice as opposed to a boost to the entire PF. The former approach, using 3D CRT, may minimize ototoxicity and other morbidity associated with full PF irradiation.
Selected Sports Bras: Comparisons of Comfort and Support:

This study compared seven sports bras on quantitative and subjective measures of support and comfort for small, medium, and large breasted women during exercise. Fifty-nine subjects representing A, B, C, and D cup sizes were filmed while jogging on a treadmill at 6 mph in each bra style and in the nude condition. The average vertical displacement of the breast relative to the body was calculated for each condition. Subsequently, subjects completed questionnaires after engaging in vigorous exercise in each bra to assess subjectively comfort and support for each of the seven sports bras. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA's and subsequent pairwise comparisons indicated significant differences by bra style in subjective mean comfort scores and a significant interaction between subjects' cup sizes and subjective mean support scores. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients among vertical displacement values, subjective measures of support, and subjective measures of comfort indicated that bras that effect...
Cultural Artifacts: Using "Sylvia and Aki" for Opening up Authoring Spaces.

Classrooms of teachers who participated in Proyecto Bilingue, a cohort-based master’s degree program, used the historical novel, Sylvia and Aki. The research question was: What spaces for authoring were created when using Sylvia and Aki in the figured worlds of bilingual elementary classrooms? The first theme in relation to ways students authored their identities is evoking collective memory. Specifically, proverbios, dichos, consejos, and translanguaging facilitated the authoring of personal and collective histories. The second theme was the authoring of new identities, specifically ethnic, writer, and historian identities. Through prolonged study in an integrated language arts and social studies curriculum, teachers created spaces where their bilingual students valued their own personal experiences and those of subjugated communities.
The Business of Digital Humanities: Capitalism and Enlightenment

Background: The Advanced Research Consortium (ARC) The Advanced Research Consortium (ARC) began in 2005 with the launch of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), the brainchild of Jerome McGann and Bethany Nowviskie. Organized around literary and historical periods, ARC is comprised of the directors of online scholarly communities that peer review digital projects and aggregate metadata for peer reviewed and other collections into an online search portal. The five ARC search portals are NINES, 18thConnect, MESA or medieval, ModNets or modernism, and ReKN or Renaissance (the latter two are forthcoming). In this article, we will discuss partnerships that ARC has established with proprietary data companies and the possible benefits for scholars and libraries from the possibility of collaborating with companies – vendors that serve data to libraries. More important, I will argue that there is a terrible threat hanging over disciplines such as literary studies and that we need to become avid archive entrepreneurs.
EARLY AND LATE CYTOLOGIC EFFECTS OF WHOLE BODY IRRADIATION ON HUMAN MARROW.

1. Serial marrow studies were performed during the first few days in eight men accidentally exposed to a mixed neutron gamma irradiation. They showed the occurrence of a wave of cytologic abnormalities. These were identical with those seen in animal experiments 1-3 days after whole body irradiation. They were considered to be "mitotically connected" (M. C. Abn.) and included the occurrence of chromosomal bridges and chromosomal fragments in mitoses. In interphase cells, the main abnormalities were nuclear fragments ("karyomeres") in the cytoplasm of erythroblasts, myelocytic cells and lymphocytes; bi- and multinucleated cells; and giant cells. The peak of abnormalities in the erythropoietic forms was reached after 2 days; that in the myelopoietic cells 4 days after exposure. On the 4th day, there was a distinct dose-dependent difference in these abnormalities between the high dose group (236-365 rads) and the low dose group (22-68 rads). 2. Some cytologic abnormalities, as seen in increased regeneratory activity of the marrow, were found in marrow smears 3.5 years after the accident, although the peripheral blood counts and mitotic indices of the marrow were within normal range. Their significance is obscure. 3. A careful cytologic evaluation of serially aspirated marrow samples during the first hours and days after whole body exposure proves to be an additional important aid in the assessment of the exposed individual and may well prove to be useful in determining the degree of injury and thus the prognosis.
Community Agency Support of Family Caregiving

Agencies that provided home care services for the elderly were surveyed to identify the services that they provided to support family caregivers. More than one-third of the responding agencies provided various family supports, including referral information, training and support groups, counseling, and hiring of family members as caregivers. Agencies favored expanding concrete and psychosocial services rather than financial supports.
Methanocaldococcus gen. nov.

Me.tha.no.cal.do.coc' cus. M.L. neut. n. methanum methane; L. adj. caldus hot; Gr. n. kokkos a spherical cell; M.L. masc. n. Methanocaldococcus a coccus producing methane at hyperthermophilic growth temperatures. Euryarchaeota / Methanococcales / Methanococcales / Methanocaldococcaceae / Methanocaldococcus Regular to irregular coccus, 1–3 µm in diameter. Cells stain Gram-negative and lyse rapidly in dilute solutions of sodium dodecyl-sulfate. Motile, by means of polar tufts of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Hyperthermophilic (temperature optima: 80–85°C). pH optimum between 5.2 and 7.6. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentration 2–4% (w/v). Obligately methanogenic; H2 serves as the electron donor. Formate, acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Grows autotrophically in mineral medium; complex carbon sources are sometimes stimulatory. Nitrogen sources include ammonium, nitrate, and N2 gas. Sulfur sources include sulfide and S0. Isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and surrounding sediments. The mol% G + C of the DNA is: 31–33. Type species: Methanocaldococcus jannaschii comb. nov. (Methanococcus jannaschii Jones, Leigh, Mayer, Woese and Wolfe 1983a, 260). Keywords: Methanocaldococcus gen. nov.; Methanocaldococcus jannaschii comb. nov.; Methanocaldococcaceae fam. nov.
Estate Planning for Pets

Most pet owners are extremely devoted to their pets, often considering them members of the family. This devotion can carry over into the owner's will or trust, leaving gifts for their pets in such instruments. More recently, courts and legislatures are approaching gifts to pets more favorably and have been increasingly likely to permit such arrangements by applying a variety of techniques and policies. This article discusses a number of techniques currently available and the advisability of utilizing each of them. While the amount of legislation enabling pet owners to care for their pets in the short and long term is increasing, other non-statutory methods remain available to carry out the pet owner's wishes for their "other" loved ones.*Winner of Probate and Property 2001 Excellence in Writing Award-Best Overall Article (probate and trust).
EGFR and beyond: evolution of molecular classification of lung cancer

Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, the world’s most common cancer, has been transformed over the past decade. This transformation has emerged from the molecular analysis of these cancers and the demonstration of the critical role of molecular diagnosis in understanding lung cancer biology, therapy response, and outcome. The demonstration of the critical treatable mutations in the EGFR gene in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas in 2004 and, subsequently, rearrangements of ALK in 2007, has led to professional guidelines from three organizations—College of American Pathologists (CAP), Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), and International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)—for standardization of clinical practice around the world to implement these analyses into routine patient care. Even as EGFR and ALK analysis are becoming routine, newer markers with similar potential are being discovered and implemented into clinical trials. This presentation will address the historical development of EGFR and ALK analysis in lung cancer, as well as newer, emerging targets (such as ROS1, RET, and MET), as we evolve from a purely histologic classification of lung cancer towards a classification strategy that incorporates molecular pathology.
Retailing Evolution or Revolution in Chile

The incipient Chilean supermarket industry faces formidable barriers in attempting to replace the traditional food retailing structure.The author of this article examines the present state of the s...
An Information-Processing Interpretation of Air Traffic Control Stress

The air traffic controller's job is inherently stressful, resulting in a variety of stress-related symptoms and illnesses. Unusually high information-processing demands are placed upon controllers for extended periods of time, so that they often must work close to the limits of their channel capacity. The effort required to process information, maintain continuous concentration, and render timely and reasonable decisions is likely to be very stressful. Although stress-related performance decrements would not be acceptable in the typical air traffic control situation, the effects of stress may manifest themselves in social and family relationships and in physical and mental health. It is possible that laboratory measures of information processing (such as the delayed digit recall subsidiary task) could be used to evaluate reserve capacity and thereby predict the ability to cope with stress. Air traffic controllers with higher channel capacities may be less likely to make errors under conditions of stress a...
Determination of Hydrogen Fluoride in Workplace Air by Ion Chromatography

[Objective] To develop a method for determining hydrogen fluoride in workplace air by ion chromatography.[Methods]Sampling was based on "Sampling Specification for Hazardous Substances in Workplace Air"(GB/T 160.29-2004).3.6 mmol / L Na2CO3 solution was taken as eluent and absorption liquid,SI-524E column and SI-90G guard column were used for ion chromatography(conductivity detector) detection.[Results]The method linear range was from 0.05 mg/L to 2.0 mg/L and the correlation coefficient r=0.9998.The detection limit for hydrogen fluoride was 0.005 mg/L and the recovery was 98%~103%,the precision was 1.2%.This method could effectively measure the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the air.[Conclusion]This method is simple,convenient,with good accuracy and precision,and suitable for determination of multitudinous samples of hydrogen fluoride in workplace air.
Composite epoxy glass-microsphere dielectric for hermetic SMA type RF connectors

The development of a composite epoxy glass-microsphere dielectric for hermetic SMA type R.F. connectors is described. The emphasis is on the selection of a moisture resistant combination of epoxy resin, curing agent, glass microspheres, and silane coupling agent that meets the electrical and physical requirements for an SMA connector up to 26.5 GHz. The material selected for evaluation in prototype connectors has a dielectric constant of 2.06, insertion loss of 1.06 dB/inch @ 26.5 GHz, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 25 ± 2 × 10−6cm/cm/°C. Prototype connectors were fabricated by injecting the uncured dielectric into the connector barrel, then curing the material to form a hermetic seal. The connectors maintained a leak rate ≤1 ×10−7 cc He/sec. before and after exposure to MIL-STD 883, Class B environmental tests. The physical strength of the epoxy dielectric compares favorably with glass-to-metal seals.
Extracellular matrix synthesis and turnover by type II pulmonary epithelial cells.

Both type I and type II pulmonary epithelial cells contact the extracellular matrix (ECM). Type II cell-ECM interactions are bidirectional; they involve matrix-mediated modulation of type II cell d...