cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testable Realizations for FET Stuck-Open Faults in CMOS Combinational Logic Circuits

In this paper, potential invalidation of stuck-open fault-detecting tests, derived by neglecting circuit delays and charge distribution in CMOS logic circuits, is studied. Several classes of circuits derived from sum of products and product of sums expressions for a given combinational logic function are investigated to determine the testability of FET stuck-open faults by tests which will remain valid in the presence of arbitrary circuit delays. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of tests that will remain valid in the presence of arbitrary circuit delays are derived. Using these conditions, it is shown that all single FET stuck-open faults, in a specific design using a single CMOs complex gate, are detectable by tests that remain valid in the presence of arbitrary circuit delays. For several other realizations, methods to augment them, to insure detectability of all single FET stuck-open faults by tests that will remain valid in the presence of arbitrary circuit delays are proposed. It is observed that in many of the logic circuits investigated it is also possible to avoid test invalidation due to charge distribution.
Relation of ambient temperature and time postfeeding on ruminal, arterial and venous volatile fatty acids, and lactic acid in holstein steers.

Abstract Four fistulated and catheterized (coccygeal artery and jugular vein) Holstein steers consuming a pelleted high concentrate diet were subjected to cool (12.8C and 30% relative humidity) and hot (35C and 25% relative humidity) treatments for 3 weeks. Ruminal fluid, arterial and venous blood samples were collected prior to feeding and up to 7 hours thereafter during the final 2 days of each treatment. Samples were analyzed for volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. The hot environment was associated with decreased feed intake and increased rectal temperature and respiration rate. Ruminal and arterial total volatile fatty acids peaked earlier in the hot environment and declined at a slower rate with time postfeeding. Acetate was the major metabolite responsible for the difference. Increased ruminal lactate occurred earlier in the hot treatment. Venous volatile fatty acid peaks in hot were relatively smaller than in the cool treatment, suggesting a greater volatile acid metabolism and utilization from arterial blood in the hot temperatures. Relationships between eating a meal and blood metabolite are shown by these data. The effect of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid may be different in hot than in cool ambient temperatures.
HORNER REVISITED: HOW SUCCESSFUL MUST ANNE AND JOHN BE BEFORE FEAR OF SUCCESS SETS IN?

This study showed that success in competitive situations is differentially perceived, considering the level of success and sex of successful person by 100 college students.
Federal tax reform and the interjurisdictional mobility impulse

Abstract This paper examines the effect of proposed tax reform on interjurisdictional household mobility. Specifically, it shows how the elimination of state and local tax deductibility and tax rate reductions would affect total tax liability for two groups of otherwise identical taxpayers, located in twenty different jurisdictions, and then discusses the likely mobility responses. The paper concludes that proposed tax reform would widen tax liability gaps between high and low tax jurisdictions, especially for young and wealthy taxpayers. The resulting “mobility impulse” would be substantial, especially between neighboring jurisdictions. Actual mobility would depend, however, on a host of complicating factors that are discussed. Whether or not the mobility impulse translates into actual mobility, tax reform would create problems for high tax jurisdictions.
A Living Laboratory [The Business Scene]

Whether driven by higher energy costs, concern for climate change, or the oil spill in the gulf, the national conversation is no longer a debate regarding whether the smart grid and renewable energy sources should be developed. Rather, the debate has shifted to how and, more importantly, how rapidly they can be implemented. With stimulus dollars available to fund projects and with aggressive renewable energy policy portfolio mandates in place, smart grid projects are being put in place all across the nation. The development of the IIT Smart Grid Education and Workforce Training Center is well timed to fulfill its mandate of engaging utilities, corporations, labor unions, veterans, K-12 students and educators, and universities and community colleges in a collaborative initiative to train the strongest workforce in the world to meet the global challenges in the smart grid, energy independence, clean environment, and sustainable energy.
On Banach algebra elements of thin numerical range

Among the elements of a complex unital Banach algebra the real subspace of hermitian elements deserves special attention. This forms the natural generalization of the set of self-adjoint elements in a C*-algebra and exhibits many of the same properties. Two equivalent definitions may be given: if W ( h ) ⊂ , where W ( h ) denotes the numerical range of h (7), or if ║ e i λ h ║ = 1 for all λ ∈ . In this paper some related subsets are introduced and studied. For δ ≥ 0, an element is said to be a member of if the condition is satisfied. These may be termed the elements of thin numerical range if δ is small.
Overview: Dietary fat and atherosclerosis

Research on the effects of dietary fat on cholesterolemia and coronary risk began with comparisons of the amount and type of fat (saturated vs unsaturated). It then became clear that not all fatty acids had similar cholesterolemic effects and equations were derived which gave different weights to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We now find that the triglyceride structure also plays a role in cholesterolemia as suggested by the studies of Kritchevsky and Tepper in rabbits and McGandy et al. in human subjects.
The long-term impact of employment on mental health service use and costs for persons with severe mental illness.

Objective: Stable employment promotes recovery for persons with severe mental illness by enhancing income and quality of life, but its impact on mental health costs has been unclear. This study examined service cost over ten years among participants in a co-occurring disorders study. Methods: Latent-class growth analysis of competitive employment identified trajectory groups. The authors calculated annual costs of outpatient services and institutional stays for 187 participants and examined group differences in ten-year utilization and cost. Results: A steady-work group (N=51) included individuals whose work hours increased rapidly and then stabilized to average 5,060 hours per person over ten years. A late-work group (N=57) and a no-work group (N=79) did not differ significantly in utilization or cost outcomes, so they were combined into a minimumwork group (N=136). More education, a bipolar disorder diagnosis (versus schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder), work in the past year, and lower scores on the expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale predicted membership in the steady-work group. These variables were controlled for in the outcomes analysis. Use of outpatient services for the steadywork group declined at a significantly greater rate than it did for the minimum-work group, while institutional (hospital, jail, or prison) stays declined for both groups without a significant difference. The average cost per participant for outpatient services and institutional stays for the minimum-work group exceeded that of the steady-work group by $166,350 over ten years. Conclusions: Highly significant reductions in service use were associated with steady employment. Given supported employment’s well-established contributions to recovery, evidence of long-term reductions in the cost of mental health services should lead policy makers and insurers to promote wider implementation. (Psychiatric Services 60: 1024–1031, 2009)
Media, Sexuality and Identity: Thoughts on the Role Text, Audience and Production Play in Cultural Discourse

The intersection of media, sexuality and identity produces a rich academic debate, spanning policy, politics, effects, and sexual representation. As a result, scholars employ numerous theoretical and methodological perspectives when asking questions about how media may inform sexuality and identity. Arthurs (2004) observes that media are primary public forums for the regulation of sexuality across fictional and factual genres, and address concerns such as sexual morality in public and private spheres (e.g., Brown 2002; Jaker et al. 1992), changing patterns of family life (e.g., Coontz 1992; Kundanis 2003), and the limits of sexual representation in a deregulated media market (e.g., Becker 2004; Gross 1994; Kim et al. 2007). While scholars in many academic disciplines agree this topic is important, fragmentation and disciplinary narrowing of the study of sexuality and media has often prohibited engaging in academic dialogue about the importance of studying mediated sexualities as meaningful components of individual and collective identity formation. The purpose of this special issue of Sexuality & Culture is for scholars to engage the topic of media and sexuality, with particular focus on the role media play in identity discourses of sex and sexuality. In his seminal work on encoding and decoding, Hall (1980) explains how linear models of media are flawed by the assumption that mediated messages end at passive audience reception. Instead, he argues that mediated ‘‘discourse must then be translated—transformed again—into social practice if the circuit is to be both completed and effective. If no ‘meaning’ is taken, there can be no ‘consumption’ ... the event must become a ‘story’ before it can become a communicative event’’ (pp. 166–167, emphasis original). Hall’s emphasis on communication turned critical scholarship toward interrogating media as a process of text, audience and production. In essence, media is created through a
A systematic review of the efficacy and general safety of antibodies to NGF in the treatment of OA of the hip or knee

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-NGF antibody treatment in hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA), a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken utilizing the criteria described by the Cochrane collaboration. Both published and unpublished trials were identified for tanezumab, fulranumab and fasinumab in hip and knee OA; sponsors were contacted to provide and confirm data. Study quality was assessed by Jadad criteria; efficacy and safety data were extracted independently by two individuals and meta-analyses were performed using Revman 5.2. 13 randomized, controlled trials were identified: 10 of tanezumab, two of fulranumab and one with fasinumab. All agents demonstrated superiority in efficacy compared to placebo. The highest doses in the phase II studies of tanezumab had a standardized effect size for WOMAC pain of 0.73 (CI, 0.51, 0.95). Subsequent phase III studies of tanezumab and phase II studies of fulranumab and fasinumab reported standardized effect sizes for WOMAC pain of -0.15-0.5, with no clear distinction among dose levels. Tanezumab compared to NSAIDs and opioids showed greater efficacy with a standardized effect size for WOMAC pain of 0.23 (CI 0.17-0.29). WOMAC function and PGA results were similar to WOMAC pain. Safety, determined by odds ratios of withdrawals from studies due to adverse events (AEs), was better at the lower doses than higher doses and similar among all agents. These results demonstrate that antibodies to NGF provide efficacy in OA and that general safety at the lower doses appears similar to placebo. Additional data on both efficacy and safety of these antibodies are needed to define the optimal dose to maximize benefit to risk.
Distance Education and Technology: What are the Choices for Higher Education?

The Education Network of Maine (ENM), the distance education arm of the University of Maine System, connects 10 Centers and more than 100 sites around the state of Maine with an interactive television system that broadcasts to homes, offices, and the 100 plus sites. In addition to delivering courses over an interactive television system, the ENM has begun to offer courses asynchronously using the World Wide Web, videotapes, and other delivery modes, increasing access to higher education for Maine citizens. Ongoing evaluations reveal that students were satisfied with the logistics of courses offered, with the professors, and with the technology. An area of weakness in one of the courses studied here was the lack of connection students in the various locations felt to each other.
Static-fatigue life of a TZP/alumina composite

Abstract Stepped-temperature stress-rupture tests were used to assess the static-fatigue life of a TZP/alumina ceramic between 800°C and 1200°C. These tests were carried out with and without a 100h treatment at 1000°C in air. Stress rupture performance of the as-received material was superior between 800°C and 1000°C, while both the as-received and heat-treated materials had essentially the same performance at 1100°C and beyond. Fractographic analysis was used to elucidate failure mechanisms. This analysis revealed that slow crack growth was the primary failure mechanism at 1100°C and higher.
The jail research agenda for the 1990s

At times it almost seems like jails were discovered in the 1980s. A few "classical" works were written prior to 1980 (see, e.g., Goldfarb, 1975; Mattick, 1974; Mattick and Aikman, 1969; Wayson et al., 1977), but much more work began to appear after the publication of the book by Moynahan and Stewart (1980). Since the beginning of this decade several events has taken place that have brought jails to the attention of scholars and the general public.
The Functional Significance of Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Review

Deficits in a wide array of functional outcome areas (eg, social functioning, social skills, independent living skills, etc) are marked in schizophrenia. Consequently, much recent research has attempted to identify factors that may contribute to functional outcome; social cognition is one such domain. The purpose of this article is to review research examining the relationship between social cognition and functional outcome. Comprehensive searches of PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PUBMED were conducted to identify relevant published manuscripts to include in the current review. It is concluded that the relationship between social cognition and functional outcome depends on the specific domains of each construct examined; however, it can generally be concluded that there are clear and consistent relationships between aspects of functional outcome and social cognition. These findings are discussed in light of treatment implications for schizophrenia.
Metabolism of the diiodotyrosyl moiety of specifically labeled thyroxines.

The biological half-life and the urinary and fecal recovery of 5 radiothyroxines were compared in thyroidectomized rats maintained on thyroxine replacement: L-(3′,5′-125I) thyroxine, L.-(3,5-131I) thyroxine, D,L-(β-14C) thyroxine, D,L-(α,β-3H) thyroxine and D,L-(tyrosyl- 14C) thyroxine. The biological half-lives of these radiothyroxines were found to be 17.2,19.6, 30.8, 30.0 and 28.5 hr in the order listed above. The markedly shorter biological half-lives of L-(3′,5′- 131I) thyroxine and L-(3,5-131I) thyroxine than those of the other radiothyroxines suggest a different metabolic fate of the iodine atoms from the tyrosyl moiety. When L-(3′,5′-131I) thyroxineand L-(3,5-131I) thyroxine were injected together into the same animals, the biological half-lives were 17.2 and 18.0 hr, respectively, a difference not statistically significant. After equilibration of the radiothyroxines, similar urinary recoveries were observed for 131I and 125I. Both 131I and 125I were recovered only as inorganic iodide from the uri...
Optimization of a real-time adaptive self-tuning filter implemented on a Texas Instruments TMS320C30 floating point DSP

A real-time adaptive self-tuning digital filter has been implemented for audio-band using the TMS320C30. An 81-tap finite impulse response (FIR) filter was utilized. Attempts to optimize the filter performance produced a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of 13 dB a misadjustment noise reduction by a factor of 50% from u=0.01 to u=0.001 while yielding adaptation speed degradation by a factor of 8. >
Endothelin receptor antagonism in pulmonary arterial hypertension--a role for selective ET(A) inhibition?

ABSTRACTBackground: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) develops from an abnormal interaction between the endothelium and smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary arteries and is characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting from vascular remodeling, vasoconstriction, and cellular proliferation. A rapidly progressive disease with limited therapeutic options, PAH may progress to right ventricular failure and death. Endothelin (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has vascular remodeling properties that contribute to the acceleration of the disease. ET-1 predominantly binds to two receptors, endothelin-A (ETA) and endothelin-B (ETB) receptors. ETA receptors are found on smooth muscle cells only and, when activated, induce vasoconstriction and cellular proliferation. ETB receptors on smooth muscle cells, when activated, cause vasoconstriction, whereas those on endothelial cells produce vasodilation and clear circulating ET-1. Therefore, a clinically important question arises as...
Tomographic imaging with lateral frequency modulation projections using a single-element detector

A lateral tomographic imaging technique that forms object projections with a single photodetector is demonstrated. A spatially-varying modulation applied to the illumination beam encodes object projections in the photodiode signal spectrum.
ToppGene Suite for gene list enrichment analysis and candidate gene prioritization

ToppGene Suite (http://toppgene.cchmc.org; this web site is free and open to all users and does not require a login to access) is a one-stop portal for (i) gene list functional enrichment, (ii) candidate gene prioritization using either functional annotations or network analysis and (iii) identification and prioritization of novel disease candidate genes in the interactome. Functional annotation-based disease candidate gene prioritization uses a fuzzy-based similarity measure to compute the similarity between any two genes based on semantic annotations. The similarity scores from individual features are combined into an overall score using statistical meta-analysis. A P-value of each annotation of a test gene is derived by random sampling of the whole genome. The protein-protein interaction network (PPIN)-based disease candidate gene prioritization uses social and Web networks analysis algorithms (extended versions of the PageRank and HITS algorithms, and the K-Step Markov method). We demonstrate the utility of ToppGene Suite using 20 recently reported GWAS-based gene-disease associations (including novel disease genes) representing five diseases. ToppGene ranked 19 of 20 (95%) candidate genes within the top 20%, while ToppNet ranked 12 of 16 (75%) candidate genes among the top 20%.
Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones

1 . The idea that humans produce pheromones has excited the imagination of scientists and the public, leading to widespread claims for their existence, which, however, has remained unproven. Here we investigate whether humans produce compounds that regulate a specific neuroendocrine mechanism in other people without being consciously detected as odours (thereby fulfilling the classic definition of a pheromone). We found that odourless compounds from the armpits of women in the late follicular phase of their menstrual cycles accelerated the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone of recipient women and shortened their menstrual cycles. Axillary (underarm) compounds from the same donors which were collected later in the menstrual cycle (at ovulation) had the opposite effect: they delayed the luteinizing-hormone surge of the recipients and lengthened their menstrual cycles. By showing in a fully controlled experiment that the timing of ovulation can be manipulated, this study provides definitive evidence of human pheromones. The existence of human pheromones was first suggested by the demonstration that women living together can develop synchro- nized menstrual cycles under specific conditions 2-5 . In rats, a similar process of ovarian synchrony occurs and is mediated by the exchange of two different pheromones 6-7 . One, produced before ovulation, shortens the ovarian cycle; the second, produced at ovulation, lengthens the cycle. These two opposing pheromones were predicted by a coupled-oscillator model of ovarian synchrony and shown by computer simulation to be sufficient for producing not only synchrony, but also the other observed effects of ovarian asynchrony and cycle stabilization 7,8 . By applying this model to humans, we demonstrate the existence of human pheromones and identify a potential pheromonal mechanism for menstrual syn- chrony, as well as for other forms of social regulation of ovulation. We found that the recipients had shorter cycles when receiving axillary compounds produced by donors in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle ( 2 1:7 6 0:9 days) and longer cycles when receiving ovulatory compounds (˛1:4 6 0:5 days), which represent significantly different opposite effects (Fig. 1). The response was manifest within the first cycle, rather than requiring three cycles of exposure as suggested previously 2,7 , and the sequence of compound presentation had no effect. The two types of axillary compounds had effects that were significantly different from each other and from the baseline cycle. The carrier had no effect on cycle lengths of the control recipients. In five of the cycles, women had mid-cycle nasal congestion, which could have prevented their exposure to pheromones; including these cycles in the analysis made the results slightly less robust (follicular compounds: 2 1:4 6 0:9 days; ovu- latory compounds: ˛1:4 6 0:5 days; ANOVA: follicular versus ovulatory compounds F﷿1; 18 fio 4 :32, P # 0:05; cycle 1 versus
Effect of protein C gene mutation on coagulation and inflammation in hemorrhagic shock.

Introduction Trauma patients are at high risk of complications and death from coagulopathy and inflammatory organ failure. Recent evidence implicates protein C (PC) as a key mediator of this process. We hypothesized that a mutation in the PC gene would ameliorate the inflammatory and coagulopathic response to hemorrhagic shock (HS) and resuscitation. Methods FHH wild type and PC mutant rats underwent controlled hemorrhage for 120 min with 70% of blood volume removed. Rats were resuscitated with Ringers lactate (2x shed blood volume) and shed blood. Animals were sacrificed 4 h post-HS. Controls were untreated naive rats. Results AST and NFkB lung protein levels were elevated similarly in both WT and mutants compared with naive rats. Plasma fibrinogen levels decreased significantly with progression of HS compared with baseline (BL) levels and returned towards normal 4 h after resuscitation. PC activity was similar in both groups at BL (0.5 ± 0.08 versus 0.6 ± 0.14; P = 0.14) and decreased from BL by 53% ± 24% in WT (P =0.08), by 67% ± 11% in mutants (P = 0.03) at sacrifice, and was not different between groups (P = 0.29). Conclusions Our model of HS and resuscitation produced a hypocoaguable, hyperinflammatory state with increased levels of NFkB and decreased levels of fibrinogen and PC levels. The mutated PC did not appear to alter these responses in our model of HS and resuscitation.
Load-Sensitive Routing with Directional Antennas

We present a load-sensitive routing (LSR) protocol for static wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas. This protocol uses the aggregate queue size of all nodes in a path as the load metric for choosing routes. We compare the performance of the load metric with the commonly used hop count metric using directional antennas under different traffic conditions and in different topologies. Data delivery-ratio, end-to-end delay, and throughput are used as the performance metrics to compare the two routing metrics. The load metric performs better than the hop count metric from low to medium traffic rates. At high traffic rates, the performance of both metrics degrade considerably. LSR improves the delivery ratio up to 12%, reduces the end-to-end delay by 250%, and increases the throughput up to 28%.
Computation of a quadrupole magnet for the APS storage ring

The storage ring of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will include 400 quadrupole magnets for focusing the beam. A prototype quadrupole has been designed, constructed, and measured. The two- and three-dimensional field computations performed for this design are described. >
Statistical pattern analysis of ultrasonic signals for fatigue damage detection in mechanical structures

This paper addresses online monitoring of fatigue damage in polycrystalline alloy structures based on statistical pattern analysis of ultrasonic sensor signals. The real-time data-driven method for fatigue damage monitoring is based on the concepts derived from statistical mechanics, symbolic dynamics and statistical pattern identification. The underlying concept is detection and identification of small changes in statistical patterns of ultrasonic data streams due to gradual evolution of anomalies (i.e., deviations from the nominal behavior) in material structures. The statistical patterns in terms of the escort distributions from statistical mechanics are derived from symbol sequences that, in turn, are generated from ultrasonic sensors installed on the structures under stress cycles. The resulting information of evolving fatigue damage would provide early warnings of forthcoming failures, possibly, due to widespread crack propagation. The damage monitoring method has been validated by laboratory experimentation in real time on a computer-controlled fatigue damage testing apparatus which is equipped with a variety of measuring instruments including an optical travelling microscope and an ultrasonic flaw detector.
Conventional Microscopy vs. Computer Imagery in Chiropractic Education.

Purpose As human tissue pathology slides become increasingly difficult to obtain, other methods of teaching microscopy in educational laboratories must be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our students' satisfaction with newly implemented computer imagery based laboratory instruction and to obtain input from their perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of computerized vs. traditional microscope laboratories. Methods This undertaking involved the creation of a new computer laboratory. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7(th)ed, was chosen as the required text which gave students access to the Robbins Pathology website, including complete content of text, Interactive Case Study Companion, and Virtual Microscope. Students had experience with traditional microscopes in their histology and microbiology laboratory courses. Student satisfaction with computer based learning was assessed using a 28 question survey which was administered to three successive trimesters of pathology students (n=193) using the computer survey website Zoomerang. Answers were given on a scale of 1-5 and statistically analyzed using weighted averages. Results The survey data indicated that students were satisfied with computer based learning activities during pathology laboratory instruction. The most favorable aspect to computer imagery was 24-7 availability (weighted avg. 4.16), followed by clarification offered by accompanying text and captions (weighted avg. 4.08). Conclusion Although advantages and disadvantages exist in using conventional microscopy and computer imagery, current pathology teaching environments warrant investigation of replacing traditional microscope exercises with computer applications. Chiropractic students supported the adoption of computer-assisted instruction in pathology laboratories.
Reflection and scattering by a single groove in integrated optics

The reflection and scattering properties of guided optical waves at a single groove discontinuity are studied in this paper. The groove is on the surface of an optical thin-film waveguide commonly used in integrated optics. Both the fundamental TE 0 and TM 0 modes are considered. The problem is treated by a boundary perturbation technique. The power reflection coefficient, the radiation patterns, and the power of waves scattered into the free space and the substrate are found. Numerical results from an example are given to illustrate the effect of the geometric shape of the groove.
Warranty design under buyer and seller risk aversion

This paper provides a framework in which warranty policies for non-repairable items can be evaluated according to risk preferences of both buyers and sellers. In particular, a warranty price schedule is established such that sellers are indifferent among the policies. Given this schedule, a buyer's response is expressed by selecting the price-warranty combination that minimizes disutility. Within this framework, a warranty can be viewed as an instrumet of risk management that can induce more sales and greater profitability. For given utility functions, analytical results for the development of a price schedule are developed. Numerical results illustrate the substitution effects between warranty terms, prices, and risk parameters.
A scientometric review of emerging trends and new developments in recommendation systems

Recommendation systems have drawn an increasingly broad range of interest since early 1990s. Recently, a search with the query of "recommendation systems" on Google Scholar found over 32,000 documents. As the volume of the literature grows rapidly, thus, a systematic review of the diverse research field and its current challenges becomes essential. This study surveys the literature of recommendation systems between 1992 and 2014. The overall structure of its intellectual landscape is illustrated in terms of thematic concentrations of co-cited references and emerging trends of bursting keywords and citations to references. Our review is based on two sets of bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science. The core dataset, obtained through a topic search, contains 2573 original research and review articles. The expanded dataset, consisting of 12,916 articles and reviews, was collected by citation expansion. We identified intellectual landscapes, landmark articles and bursting keywords of the domain in core and broader perspectives. We found that a number of landmark studies in 1980s and 1990s and techniques such as LDA, pLSI, and matrix factorization have tremendously influenced the development of the recommendation systems research. Furthermore, our study reveals that the field of recommendation systems is still evolving and developing. Thematic trends in recommendation systems research reflect the development of a wide variety of information systems such as the World Wide Web and social media. Finally, collaborative filtering has been a dominant research concept of the field. Recent emerging topics focus on enhancing the effectiveness of recommendation systems by addressing diverse challenges.
Adult BMI Change and Risk of Colon Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

Purpose. We recently reported an association of adult BMI change with colon cancer risk. Here, we sought to further explore this association with respect to postmenopausal HRT use in a larger study population. Methods. We included 1,457 postmenopausal women participating in an ongoing population-based case-control study of colon cancer. Results. We confirmed a previously reported association of adulthood weight gain and increased risk of colon cancer: compared to those with 10 kg/m2) BMI changes since their 20s had OR estimates of 1.54 (95% CI = 1.09–2.19) and 1.45 (95% CI = 0.90–2.33), respectively (P for trend = 0.05). Stratified analyses showed that this association was limited to HRT nonusers: ORs were 1.77 (95% CI = 1.02–3.05) and 2.21 (95% CI = 1.09–4.45), respectively (P for trend = 0.03), for BMI changes occurring between the 20s decade and time of recruitment among non-users. Similar associations were observed for BMI changes since the 30s decade. There was no association among HRT users. Conclusion. Our results suggest early adulthood weight gain increases colon cancer risk in postmenopausal women who do not use HRT.
Enhanced C-17 O-level QAR data processing and reporting

C-17 avionics built-in test (BIT) improvement is critical to mission readiness and capability. Enhanced C-17 Globemaster III propulsion data reporting using personal computer relational database (RDB) software contributes to improved avionics BIT, and introduces many other base-level advantages for the maintenance technician; a corresponding benefit is the transformation of raw recorded aircraft data into useful maintenance information.
Demand Response planning in day-ahead market for improving power system flexibility with high wind penetration levels

Increasing penetration levels of wind energy have brought new and challenging problems to power system operation and control, often manifested as a dramatic increase in the magnitude and speed of system ramping requirements. Wind energy will also be more susceptible for curtailments during night and early morning hours to avoid situations of excess generation levels. Demand Response (DR) participation is an important and attractive solution expected to mitigate the consequences of integrating future wind energy. In this context, this paper highlights the significance of integrating DR programs in the day-ahead markets and proposes new modified schemes suitable for mitigating the consequences of integration wind energy. DR programs under investigation includes; Load Shifting Program (LSP), Demand Bidding Program (DBP), and Dynamic Pricing Programs (DPPs). The Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problem is used to represent the day-ahead wholesale market and to determine optimal energy dispatch of thermal generation units and available DR resources. The effects of DR participants are demonstrated using the IEEE - Reliability Tests System (RTS) scheduled over 24-hour period. The results show that effective participation of DR programs in wholesale markets will provide valuable resources for mitigating the difficulties of integrating current and future wind power generations.
ON THE PARAMETRIZATION OF THE AFOCAL STABLE DISTRIBUTIONS

Thanks to Hall's documentation of a situation he described as a 'Comedy of errors' in the earlier literature on stable distributions, there is now general agreement as to the parametrization of these distributions when standardized as to location and scale. However, two subtly different parametrizations of location and scale remain current in the afocal stable cases, defined as those with characteristic exponent a = 1 and skewness parameter /? + 0. The more widely used parametrization, adopted by Hall and two recent monographs, lacks the linearity property that is ordinarily expected of location and scale parameters. This note shows that the alternative parametrization has this linearity property, and compares the implications of the two parametrizations for properties of stable distributions. A third recent monograph seeks to avoid these issues by denying that the afocal stable distributions are stable at all, but it is shown that they are, in fact, integral members of the stable family. Peter Hall, writing in this Bulletin [4], described as a 'Comedy of errors' the repeated confusion that had arisen over the sign of the skewness parameter P in the stable probability distributions. 'Scarcely an Authority,' he wrote, 'has escaped this nemesis.' Hall admitted that he himself had erred in some of his own earlier writing on the subject. Most authors now agree with Hall that the standard stable distribution, SaP(x), is most usefully parametrized in terms of the log characteristic function
Elucidating the general principles of cell adhesion with a coarse-grained simulation model

Cell adhesion plays an indispensable role in coordinating physiological functions in multicellular organisms. During this process, specific types of cell adhesion molecules interact with each other from the opposite sides of neighboring cells. Following this trans-interaction, many cell adhesion molecules further aggregate into clusters through cis interactions. Beyond the molecule level, adhesion can be affected by multiple cellular factors due to the complexity of membrane microenvironments, including its interplay with cell signaling. However, despite tremendous advances in experimental developments, little is understood about the general principles of cell adhesion and its functional impacts. Here a mesoscopic simulation method is developed to tackle this problem. We illustrated that specific spatial patterns of membrane protein clustering are originated from different geometrical arrangements of their binding interfaces, while the size of clusters is closely regulated by molecular flexibility. Different scenarios of cooperation between trans and cis interactions of cell adhesion molecules were further tested. Additionally, impacts of membrane environments on cell adhesion were evaluated, such as the presence of a cytoskeletal meshwork, the membrane tension and the size effect of different membrane proteins on cell surfaces. Finally, by simultaneously simulating adhesion and oligomerization of signaling receptors, we found that the interplay between these two systems can be either positive or negative, closely depending on the spatial and temporal patterns of their molecular interactions. Therefore, our computational model pave the way for understanding the molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion and its biological functions in regulating cell signaling pathways.
Methods for Rearing the Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Artificial Diet

The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), was recently introduced to the United States and has the potential to destroy many urban and forest trees. A successful artificial diet and rearing protocol are urgently needed, because research with this wood-boring beetle can be conducted only in the confined areas of quarantines. We compared larval growth and adult parameters using three artificial diets, one developed in China for A. glabripennis and two developed for other members of the Lamiini. The only difference in performance of larvae and adults reared on the three diet types was that nondiapausing larvae reared on Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier) diet needed less time to pupate than nondiapausing larvae on A. glabripennis diet. We further evaluated substituting the phloem–cambium of sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall, with sawdust or cellulose. Males grew fastest on diets with sawdust or phloem–cambium and remained as pupae for the shortest period of time on A. glabripennis diet. Females grew faster on diets with cellulose than sawdust and lived longest on A. glabripennis diet. The published A. glabripennis artificial diet, modified by increasing the water content from 50.0 to 64.6% (wt:wt) and substituting the phloem–cambium component with cellulose, was the optimal diet tested. A rearing protocol used to maintain our colony is included.
Image Processing of Computerized Tomographic Scans

The growth and development of computerized axial tomography and its rapid acceptance by the medical community has had no parallel since the discovery and development of what Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen described as his “new kind of rays” (Roentgen, 1895) in the 19th Century. Enthusiasm for CT scanning is easy to understand. For the first time we can see images of the brain itself (or of other parts of the body).
A retrospective characterization of African- and European American asthmatic children in a pediatric critical care unit.

Objective To determine if African American and European American children with asthma admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) had different characteristics, we conducted a retrospective chart review of asthma admissions to the region’s only pediatric ICU. Patients and Methods A chart review was performed on 125 patients with asthma admitted to the pediatric critical care unit at Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital. Descriptive statistics, clinical characteristics, and disparities in care were compared using either Fisher’s exact tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results Most of the children reported previous admissions to a pediatric ICU (63%) or a hospital (82%) for asthma. Despite this, only 48% of the children were taking inhaled corticosteroids before admission. Only 28% of the children reported being followed by an asthma specialist, but, of these, 97% were taking corticosteroids. There were no racial/ethnic disparities in medication use, treatment, or outcomes. Conclusion We found no racial/ethnic disparities in inpatient/outpatient medication usage, treatment, or outcomes between African American and European American children in our cohort. Recurrent admissions to the ICU among children with severe asthma are common, and inhaled corticosteroids usage is relatively low. Asthmatic children with ICU admissions should be followed and treated aggressively by an asthma specialist.
Virilizing Stromal Thecosis of the Ovary Associated with Multiple Corpora Atretica

Virilism can be associated with a variety of ovarian lesions, including stromal hyperplasia. Focal luteinization, a thickened tunica albuginea, and multiple cystic follicles are histologic features that have been associated with stromal hyperplasia in virilized women. This report describes the case of a 57-year-old woman who presented with a four-year history of virilization. The testosterone level was 13.8 nmol/L (3,980 ng/L). At laparotomy, the ovaries were found to be enlarged, each measuring 4 cm in maximum dimension. Salient histologic findings included diffuse stromal hyperplasia interspersed with a marked increase in the number of corpora atretica. Focal luteinization, including in some corpora atretica, was seen. Electron microscopic study demonstrated cells with increased smooth endoplasmic reticulin and mitochondria with tubular cristae as well as other features consistent with theca cells; Reinke crystals were not seen. The testosterone level normalized after removal of the ovaries, and the signs of virilism gradually abated. These results are compatible with an abnormal stimulation of the ovaries as evidenced by an increased though abortive follicular development, stromal hyperplasia, and focal luteinization.
Language, Literacy, and Culture: Aha! Moments in Personal and Sociopolitical Understanding

This chapter focuses on the intersections among language, literacy, and culture, and what these intersections have meant for me personally, and what they can mean for students who have been marginalized, neglected, or made invisible by traditional understandings of the role of education.
Body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders. Obsessions or delusions

At this time, the question posed by this article's title--body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: obsessions or delusions?--is probably best answered "both." Both disorders appear to be characterized by obsessional and delusional thinking. In addition, it is likely that their nondelusional and delusional variants constitute a single disorder encompassing a spectrum of insight, with the entire spectrum characterized by obsessional thinking. This view represents a considerable departure from DSM-III-R, in which the psychotic disorders were encapsulated in a separate section of the manual and considered different disorders from their nonpsychotic variants. The one exception was the mood disorders, which were acknowledged to have psychotic variants that were classified in the manual's "nonpsychotic" section. In DSM-IV, on the basis of emerging empirical evidence about the dimensional nature of the psychotic/nonpsychotic boundary, the dichotomy between delusional and nondelusional disorders is less clear. The double coding allowed for BDD acknowledges that BDD and its delusional disorder variant may constitute a single disorder; that allowed for OCD acknowledges that OCD may be delusional. With regard to eating disorders, however, DSM-IV is surprisingly silent, perhaps because delusional preoccupations are less common than in BDD. These issues also may apply to other disorders. Like BDD, hypochondriasis is classified as a somatoform disorder, with its delusional variant a type of delusional disorder, somatic type. Do the delusional and nondelusional variants of hypochondriasis constitute the same disorder? Do other types of somatic delusional disorder, such as parasitosis and olfactory reference syndrome (the belief that one emits a foul body odor) have nondelusional variants? It is likely that a number of disorders span a spectrum from delusional to nondelusional thinking, with unlimited shades of gray in between. Future research may indicate that obsessional disorders such as BDD, anorexia, OCD, and hypochondriasis, as well as other disorders such as major depression, should have qualifiers or subtypes--for example, "with good insight," "with poor insight," and "with delusional (or psychotic) thinking"--with an implied continuum of insight embraced by a single disorder. Such an approach, which scatters psychosis throughout the nomenclature, ultimately may be shown to be a more valid and clinically useful classification approach. Answers to these questions will not only improve our classification system but also may have important treatment implications. For example, the preliminary finding that delusional BDD responds preferentially to SRIs but not to neuroleptic agents contradicts conventional wisdom about the treatment of psychosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Localized LQG optimal control for large-scale systems

This paper poses and solves the localized linear quadratic Gaussian (LLQG) optimal control problem. In particular, we show that for large-scale localizable systems, that is to say systems for which the closed loop effect of each disturbance can be contained to within a local neighborhood despite communication delays between sub-controllers, the synthesis and implementation of a LLQG optimal controller can be performed in a scalable way. We combine our prior results on the state-feedback version of this problem with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to formulate a synthesis algorithm that can be solved in a distributed fashion, with each subsystem solving a problem of constant dimension independent of the global problem size. The result is a controller synthesis and implementation scheme that can scale to systems of arbitrary dimension, subject to certain conditions on the communication, actuation and sensing schemes holding. Simulations show that for some systems, the LLQG optimal controller can achieve transient performance similar to that of a centralized H2 optimal controller. We also demonstrate our algorithm on a system with about 104 states composed of heterogeneous and dynamically coupled subsystems - here the distributed and centralized optimal controllers cannot be computed.