cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Herpesvirus Macromolecular Synthesis I. Cascade Regulation of the Synthesis of Three Groups of Viral Proteins

Based on evidence that 50% of herpes simplex 1 DNA is transcribed in HEp-2 cells in the absence of protein synthesis we examined the order and rates of synthesis of viral polypeptides in infected cells after reversal of cycloheximide- or puromycin-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis. These experiments showed that viral polypeptides formed three sequentially synthesized, coordinately regulated groups designated alpha, beta, and gamma. Specifically: (i) The alpha group, containing one minor structural and several nonstructural polypeptides, was synthesized at highest rates from 3 to 4 h postinfection in untreated cells and at diminishing rates thereafter. The beta group, also containing minor structural and nonstructural polypeptides, was synthesized at highest rates from 5 to 7 h and at decreasing rates thereafter. The gamma group containing major structural polypeptides was synthesized at increasing rates until at least 12 h postinfection. (ii) The synthesis of alpha polypeptides did not require prior infected cell protein synthesis. In contrast, the synthesis of beta polypeptides required both prior alpha polypeptide synthesis as well as new RNA synthesis, since the addition of actinomycin D immediately after removal of cycloheximide precluded beta polypeptide synthesis. The function supplied by the alpha polypeptides was stable since interruption of protein synthesis after alpha polypeptide synthesis began and before beta polypeptides were made did not prevent the immediate synthesis of beta polypeptides once the drug was withdrawn. The requirement of gamma polypeptide synthesis for prior synthesis of beta polypeptides seemed to be similar to that of beta polypeptides for prior synthesis of the alpha group. (iii) The rates of synthesis of alpha polypeptides were highest immediately after removal of cycloheximide and declined thereafter concomitant with the initiation of beta polypeptide synthesis; this decline in alpha polypeptide synthesis was less rapid in the presence of actinomycin D which prevented the appearance of beta and gamma polypeptides. The decrease in rates of synthesis of beta polypeptides normally occurring after 7 h postinfection was also less rapid in the presence of actinomycin D than in its absence, whereas ongoing synthesis of gamma polypeptides at this time was rapidly reduced by actinomycin D. (iv) Inhibitors of DNA synthesis (cytosine arabinoside or hydroxyurea) did not prevent the synthesis of alpha, beta, or gamma polypeptides, but did reduce the amounts of gamma polypeptides made.
Potentiometric and Spectrophotometric Changes in Plants Produced by Infra-Red and Ultraviolet Irradiation.

Potentiometric changes. — Various types of electrodes, to be described later, were used in the work to be reported. In general, however, electrodes of thin tinfoil were used and were attached to the leaves or stems of plants by means of acid-free kaolin ground in a mortar with a little water and glycerine after the method of Sen.1 In investigating potentiometric changes in leaves, both before and after irradiation, one electrode was fastened near the base of the leaf and the other one was placed at or near the tip of the leaf. Leads were then carried to a Leeds and Northrup potentiometer, using a high sensitivity galvanometer.Various spectral filters, such as Corning Glass Company filters of special make (G 554 FF, G 24, G 34 R, G 584, G 586 A, G 586 AW, G 392, G 984 B, G 985 B, G 986 A) and transmitting only infrared, red, blue and ultraviolet rays, and so forth, respectively, were employed.Infra-red (heat) energy, as such, could be removed from the sources of illumination (such as the quartz-mercury arc...
The Effect of Client Lies on Auditor Memory Resistance and False Memory Acceptance

SUMMARY: In this study, I examine the conditions that moderate auditor resistance toward and susceptibility to believing client-provided lies. In particular, I predict that auditors who cannot directly refute incorrect management explanations with their own evidence-related memories are susceptible to the misinformation effect. This effect describes a phenomenon where an individual recalls false memories, based on client lies, instead of his/her own real memories. I use a laboratory experiment involving professional auditors who must compile industry-related evidence to corroborate an invalid management explanation. As expected, I find that auditors with better-developed evidence memories provide lower evaluations of management credibility and explanation sufficiency when presented with a blatantly incorrect explanation. When subsequently prompted to access the related information, auditors with poorly developed evidence memories give responses that are consistent with management-provided false memories i...
Combining the M1 and M2 Classroom: an Effective Method for Vertical and Horizontal Integration of Core Competencies

Despite recent advances in undergraduate medical education, integration of vertical curricula and simultaneous delivery of competencies remain challenging. To address this educational challenge, we delivered a series of case-based exercises to a combined class of M1 and M2 students to achieve vertical (year-to-year) and horizontal (clinical and basic science) integration. These exercises consisted of a case, concept mapping activity to link basic science content to an underlying symptom, and follow-up discussion. Following the activities, students were asked to complete a survey evaluating the effectiveness of their experience including level of learning, effectiveness of peer teaching, and incorporation of core competencies. Overall, the students described the activity positively (informative and engaging). M1 students reported regularly helping M2 students review the M1 material. Unsurprisingly, the M2 students assisted the M1 students with the M2 material to a greater extent and significantly improved the M1 students’ confidence with that material. The M2 students generally felt successful in peer teaching but reported that it regularly revealed intrinsic knowledge gaps. As important, this activity reportedly addressed competencies in addition to Medical Knowledge, specifically Communication Skills, Practice-Based Learning, and Professionalism. In summary, this learning activity provided opportunities for students to (1) refine clinical reasoning and peer-peer teaching skills, (2) reinforce the basic science content within a clinical context, and (3) integrate several additional key core competencies into the heavily Medical-Knowledge-focused pre-clerkship curriculum. This novel activity facilitated vertical and horizontal integration of several key core competencies in a manner that could be incorporated and assessed in nearly any curricular structure.
SIGecom news

We have had another successful year! Before I forget: join the SIG to keep our membership healthy and be able to participate in the nominating process for our new awards, and remember to use the ACM Author-Izer to drive additional revenue to the SIG.
Uterine rupture in women attempting a vaginal birth following prior cesarean birth.

OBJECTIVE To determine (1) if there are any common features to fetal heart rates (FHR) and uterine activity patterns before uterine rupture, (2) if neonatal outcomes as reflected by cord blood gases are associated with the length of fetal bradycardia, and (3) if there is an increase in maternal and/or neonatal length of stay in women who experience uterine rupture during labor as compared with women following repeat cesarean section. METHODS Maternal and fetal records of 11 women identified by the ICD-9 code as having had a uterine rupture between 1990 and 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS No one common feature in FHR patterns or uterine activity existed before uterine rupture other than bradycardia, although variable and/or late decelerations commonly preceded the bradycardia. Of the neonates, 91% had cord blood pH of <7.0 and 45% had base excess greater than 15 meq/l. Of those fetuses experiencing bradycardia, 55% had placental abruption. Maternal length of stay 5 days or greater occurred in 36% of those with uterine rupture. Seventy-three percent of the neonates required admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Despite acidemia as shown by cord pH, none of the neonates experienced seizures or multiorgan dysfunction. CONCLUSION There is no one specific FHR or uterine activity pattern that indicates the onset of a uterine rupture, although variable and/or late decelerations occur before the onset of an FHR bradycardia. In the present study, neonatal admissions to the NICU were increased and pH values were below 7.0 in 91% when uterine rupture occurred. A decrease or cessation of uterine tone was not observed. Maternal length of stay was slightly increased following uterine rupture.
Estimating E-Race European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Adult Activity in Snap Bean Fields Based on Corn Planting Intensity and Their Activity in Corn in New York Agroecosystems.

European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), is a major pest of processing snap bean because larvae are contaminants in pods. The incidence of O. nubilalis -contaminated beans has become uncommon in New York, possibly because widespread adoption of Bt field corn has suppressed populations. Snap bean fields located where Bt corn has been intensively grown in space and time may be at lower risk for O. nubilalis than fields located where Bt corn is not common. To manage O. nubilalis infestation risk, growers determine insecticide application frequency in snap bean based on pheromone-trapping information in nearby sweet corn fields; adult activity is presumed equivalent in both crops. Our goal was to determine if corn planting intensity and adult activity in sweet corn could be used to estimate O. nubilalis populations in snap bean in New York in 2014-2015. Numbers of O nubilalis adults captured in pheromone-baited traps located in snap bean fields where corn was and was not intensively grown were similar, suggesting that O. nubilalis does not respond to local levels of Bt corn in the landscape. Numbers of Ostrinia nubilalis captured in pheromone-baited traps placed by snap bean fields and proximal sweet corn fields were not related, indicating that snap bean growers should no longer make control decisions based on adult activity in sweet corn. Our results also suggest that the risk of O. nubilalis infestations in snap bean is low (∼80% of the traps caught zero moths) and insecticide applications targeting this pest should be reduced or eliminated.
The ‘secret’ source of ‘female hysteria’: the role that syphilis played in the construction of female sexuality and psychoanalysis in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries:

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the unspoken fear of syphilis played a significant role in the development of beliefs about female sexuality. Many women were afraid of sexual relationships with men because they feared contracting syphilis, which was, at that time, untreatable. Women also feared passing this disease on to their children. Women's sexual aversion, or repression, became a focus for Freud and his colleagues, whose theory of psychosexual development was based on their treatment of women. This article examines the case of Dora, the memoirs of Mabel Dodge Luhan and other sources to argue that the fear of syphilis was a significant factor in upper- and middle-class women's avoidance of heterosexual relationships. The fear of syphilis, in turn, became a significant factor in the psychoanalytic construction of female sexuality. The social suppression of the fear of syphilis has had a profound impact on theories of women's development. The implication for psychiatry is that our models of psychological development occur within a sociocultural milieu and cannot escape suppressed aspects of our culture.
Crossing Over: Girls at the Intersection of Juvenile Justice, Criminal Justice, and Child Welfare

Both within and across service systems, a girl’s pathway into a service system clearly affects the framing of her “problem” and what “type” of juvenile she is. Captured almost 25 years ago in a Florida report entitled “Mad, Bad, Sad, Can’t Add?” (Friedman and Kutash 1986), the focus on systems of care for children’s mental health has grown into a national movement with evidence-based practices and theories of change (e.g., Hodges et al. 2008; Stroul and Blau 2008). A coordinated approach across service systems is not yet widespread for youth engaged in juvenile justice and child welfare systems, although several templates for serving such youth do exist (see Cocozza et al. 2008; Kamradt et al. 2008; McCarthy et al. 2008). Weithorn (2005) eloquently describes how a single child could be viewed quite differently, both in terms of etiology and appropriate responses, depending whether she was first “identified” by the health care system, mental health system, child welfare system, juvenile justice system, or educational system.
Defining a Learning Theory Linked to Instructional Theory

Klaus Breuer and I met in the fall of 1974. I was a new assistant professor at Florida State University and Klaus was a graduate student from Aachen visiting American universities that were doing research investigating the link between computers and human learning.l
Implementation of diagnostic pauses in the ambulatory setting

Background Diagnostic errors result in preventable morbidity and mortality. The outpatient setting may be at increased risk, where time constraints, the indolent nature of outpatient complaints and single decision-maker practice models predominate. Methods We developed a self-administered diagnostic pause to address diagnostic error. Clinicians (physicians and nurse practitioners) in an academic primary care setting received the tool if they were seeing urgent care patients who had previously been seen in the past two weeks in urgent care. We used pre–post-intervention surveys, focus groups and chart audits 6 months after the urgent care visit to assess the impact of the intervention on participant perceptions and actions. Results We piloted diagnostic pauses in two phases (3 months and 6 months, respectively); 9 physicians participated in the first phase, and 16 physicians and 2 nurse practitioners in the second phase. Subjects received 135 alerts for diagnostic pauses and responded to 82 (61% response). Thirteen per cent of alerts resulted in clinicians reporting new actions as a result of the diagnostic pauses. Thirteen per cent of cases at a 6-month chart audit resulted in diagnostic discrepancies, defined as differences in diagnosis from the initial working diagnosis. Focus groups reported that the diagnostic pauses were brief and fairly well integrated into the overall workflow for evaluation but would have benefited as a real-time application for patients at higher risk for diagnostic error. Conclusion This pilot represents the first known examination of diagnostic pauses in the outpatient setting, and this work potentially paves the way for more broad-based systems and/or electronic interventions to address diagnostic error.
Cancer screening recommendations: an international comparison of high income countries

Recommendations regarding cancer screening vary from country to country, and may also vary within countries depending on the organization making the recommendations. The goal of this study was to summarize the cancer screening recommendations from the 21 countries with the highest per capita spending on healthcare. Cancer screening guidelines were identified for each country based on a review of the medical literature, internet searches, and contact with key informants in most countries. The highest level recommendation was identified for each country, in the order of national recommendation, cancer society recommendation, or medical specialty society recommendation. Breast cancer screening recommendations were generally consistent across countries, most commonly recommending mammography biennially from ages 50 to 69 or 70 years. In the USA, specialty societies generally offered more intensive screening recommendations. All countries also recommend cervical cancer screening, although there is some heterogeneity regarding the test (cytology or HPV or both) and the age of initiation and screening interval. Most countries recommend colorectal cancer screening using fecal immunochemical (FIT) testing, while only seven countries recommend general or selective screening for prostate cancer, and a similar number explicitly recommend against screening for prostate cancer. Screening for lung and skin cancer is only recommended by a few countries. Greater per capita healthcare expenditures are not associated with greater screening intensity, with the possible exception of prostate cancer. Guidelines for cancer screening differ between countries, with areas of commonality but also clear differences. Recommendations have important commonalities for well-established cancer screening programs such as breast and cervical cancer, with greater variation between countries regarding prostate, colorectal, lung, and skin cancer screening. Ideally, recommendations should be made by a professionally diverse, independent panel of experts that make evidence-based recommendations regarding screening based on the benefits, harms, and available resources in that country’s context.
In Situ X-Ray Studies of Crystallization Kinetics and Ordering in Functional Organic and Hybrid Materials

In-Situ and time-resolved X-ray scattering and diffraction is dedicated to yielding the change of structural information as the materials are processed or grown in a controlled environment. In this chapter, we introduce the use of in situ and time-resolved X-ray techniques to understand molecular packing, crystal orientation, and phase transformation during the synthesis and processing of functional organic semiconductors, organic nanowires, and hybrid perovskite materials.
Hospital Cost Drivers: An Evaluation of 1998-2001 State-Level Data

Objective To evaluate the determinants of increased hospital inpatient expenditure growth since 1998. Data sources and methods Multivariate regression analyses were estimated for 1998-2001 utilizing state-level information from nationally representative population sources, US government agencies, and aggregate expenditures estimated from a nationally representative large health insurance plan (LHIP). Results During 1998-2001, LHIP inpatient expenditures per member increased by an average of 5.9% annually, twice the 2.9% annual rate of inflation. Overall level of economic activity, price-level variation, hospital technology, hospital market, and healthcare labor force are the most important drivers of recent trends in inpatient expenditures. Inpatient costs were responsive to hospital market characteristics. Each 1% increase in for-profit and medical system (chain ownership) hospital percentage was associated with approximately a 2% increase in inpatient expenditures. Each 1% increase in network (shared purchasing or other arrangement, but not ownership) hospital percentage was associated with a 1% decrease in inpatient expenditures. Each 1% increase in the gap between registered nurse demand and supply led to a 0.5% to 1% increase in hospital inpatient expenditures per capita. Conclusions Many characteristics contribute to inpatient expenditure growth, such as local area wages and incomes per capita, and physician market characteristics, but are not directly influenced by hospital market policies. Hospital technology and market structure are the 2 factors that are most directly amenable to healthcare policy intervention. Hospital occupancy and case-mix severity also have substantial effects on inpatient expenditure growth. With the nurse supply shortage projected to increase by 40% between 2000 and 2005, upward pressures on inpatient costs will remain.
The technology of dialyzer reuse

Dialyzer reuse has become an integral part of chronic hemodialysis in the United States of America because it has large economic benefits which allow the use of expensive, biocompatible membranes, and the delivery of adequate dialysis therapy in the face of continued inflation of costs and fixed reimbursement. The conflict between patient safety and provider economic benefit has been resolved by the development of recommended practice guidelines by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. When followed carefully, disinfection of dialyzers for multiple reuse by the same patient is relatively safe and effective in eliminating infection, pyrogen reactions, and other potential complications associated with germicide use. However, despite all precautions, there appears to be consequences of certain germicides, such as formaldehyde, that are difficult to eliminate, such as anti-N antibody. The development of heat or heat and 1.5% citric acid would appear to eliminate all these problems, and offers a safe, effective, and cost saving method for reuse of polysulfone dialyzers. Allegations of increased mortality with certain germicides, reuse techniques, and treatment settings, as well as the contribution of reuse to inadequate dialysis remain unproven and require further investigation.
Osmotic and Turgor Relations in Selected Chaparral Shrub Species

Internal water relations were studied in three chaparral shrub species in southern California. Osmotic changes were detected in leaf tissue both throughout the course of the summer drought season, and additionally throughout the course of a single day. The diurnal osmotic adjustments were comparable to the adjustments over the season. These adjustments are viewed as adaptive mechanisms promoting turgor maintenance and turgor-related processes such as growth and stomatal opening during periods of diurnal and seasonal water stress.
Experimental Study of Joint Linearity

Joints in finite element models (FEMs) are often either ignored or simplified using linear assumptions. When experimental modal analysis is performed to validate the accuracy of FEMs, the experiments are usually performed at low excitation energies to minimize excitation of nonlinear properties within a structure. When finite element models are calibrated to low excitation level modal tests, they may not be suited for predicting high excitation level environments. This study was conducted to determine, for a particular set of hardware, how results from a low excitation level modal test compare to results for a high excitation level modal test. A set of simplified hardware, in which cones are connected through a threaded joint, was developed for this study and was subjected to random excitations as well as controlled-force step-sine testing to investigate the effects of joint linearity across different excitation levels. The goal of this work is to obtain a point of reference for how much error would be associated with a FEM, calibrated to low excitation level modal data, if the FEM was used to predict responses at a higher excitation level. Using this information, it can be determined if a linear FEM is appropriate for predicting responses or if nonlinearities need to be incorporated into the model.
Simulation-based ongoing professional practice evaluation in psychiatry: a novel tool for performance assessment.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Ongoing professional practice evaluation (OPPE) activities consist of a quantitative, competency-based evaluation of clinical performance. Hospitals must design assessments that measure clinical competencies, are scalable, and minimize impact on the clinician's daily routines. A psychiatry department at a large academic medical center designed and implemented an interactive Web-based psychiatric simulation focusing on violence risk assessment as a tool for a departmentwide OPPE. Methods Of 412 invited clinicians in a large psychiatry department, 410 completed an online simulation in April–May 2012. Participants received scheduled e-mail reminders with instructions describing how to access the simulation. Using the Computer Simulation Assessment Tool, participants viewed an introductory video and were then asked to conduct a risk assessment, acting as a clinician in the encounter by selecting actions from a series of drop-down menus. Each action was paired with a corresponding video segment of a clinical encounter with a standardized patient. Participants were scored on the basis of their actions within the simulation (Measure 1) and by their responses to the open-ended questions in which they were asked to integrate the information from the simulation in a summative manner (Measure 2). Results Of the 410 clinicians, 381 (92.9%) passed Measure 1, 359 (87.6%) passed Measure 2, and 5 (1.2%) failed both measures. Seventy-five (18.3%) participants were referred for focused professional practice evaluation (FPPE) after failing either Measure 1, Measure 2, or both. Conclusions Overall, Web-based simulation and e-mail engagement tools were a scalable and efficient way to assess a large number of clinicians in OPPE and to identify those who required FPPE.
Misbehavior Detection using Machine Learning in Vehicular Communication Networks

Vehicular networks are susceptible to variety of attacks such as denial of service (DoS) attack, sybil attack and false alert generation attack. Different cryptographic methods have been proposed to protect vehicular networks from these kind of attacks. However, cryptographic methods have been found to be less effective to protect from insider attacks which are generated within the vehicular network system. Misbehavior detection system is found to be more effective to detect and prevent insider attacks. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based misbehavior detection system which is trained using datasets generated through extensive simulation based on realistic vehicular network environment. The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms previous methods in terms of accurately identifying various misbehavior.
A Tax Lesson for Election Law

This short article analyzes the complicated role that tax law plays in regulating campaign finance, using a request from the Price for Congress Committee as a case study. The Price Committee asked the Federal Election Commission for an Advisory Opinion approving transfer of its remaining campaign funds to a section 501(c)(4) social welfare organization. The piece first describes applicable campaign finance law and the FEC proceedings that ended in a deadlock. It next considers the advantages of transferring remaining campaign funds to a section 501(c)(4) organizations instead of a section 501(c)(3) charity. It cautions, however, that a transfer to a section 501(c)(4) could result in adverse tax consequences to the former candidate under section 527. This analysis exposes uncertainties in both federal election and tax law. Now that the Federal Election Commission lacks a quorum, however, tax regulation of campaign finance has particular importance.
Metronidazole/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanofibrous webs as fast-dissolving oral drug delivery system.

Abstract In this study, Metronidazole/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) inclusion complex nanofibrous webs were produced via electrospinning for the purpose of fast-dissolving oral drug delivery. The Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD inclusion complex aqueous solutions having two different molar ratio of Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD (1/1 and 1/2) were prepared by using very high concentration of HP-β-CyD (200%, w/v) in order to achieve polymer-free electrospinning of Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD nanofibers (NF). Metronidazole was totally encapsulated and preserved without any loss during the electrospinning process in which both systems yielded Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD NF having the same initial molar ratio of 1/1 and 1/2. The electrospinning of both Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD (1/1 and 1/2) aqueous solutions yielded uniform and bead-less fiber morphology having ~190 nm average fiber diameter. Both Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD NF (1/1 and 1/2) samples were in the form of nanofibrous webs with free-standing and flexible character. The structural and thermal characterizations of Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD NF (1/1 and 1/2) proved that Metronidazole was in the inclusion complex state with HP-β-CyD in these nanofibrous webs. Metronidazole is an antibiotic which is poorly water-soluble drug, but the phase solubility and dissolution tests revealed that the water-solubility of Metronidazole was significantly enhanced by HP-β-CyD inclusion complexation. In addition, Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD (1/1 and 1/2) nanofibrous webs have shown very fast-dissolving behavior when placed in water or contacted to artificial saliva suggesting that such Metronidazole/HP-β-CyD nanofibrous webs can be suitable for fast-dissolving oral drug delivery.
Quantitative measure of memory loss in complex spatiotemporal systems

To make progress in understanding the issue of memory loss and history dependence in evolving complex systems, we consider the mixing rate that specifies how fast the future states become independent of the initial condition. We propose a simple measure for assessing the mixing rate that can be directly applied to experimental data observed in any metric space X. For a compact phase space X ⊂ R M , we prove the following statement. If the underlying dynamical system has a unique physical measure and its dynamics is strongly mixing with respect to this measure, then our method provides an upper bound of the mixing rate. We employ our method to analyze memory loss for the system of slowly sheared granular particles with a small inertial number I. The shear is induced by the moving walls as well as by the linear motion of the support surface that ensures approximately linear shear throughout the sample. We show that even if I is kept fixed, the rate of memory loss (considered at the time scale given by the inverse shear rate) depends erratically on the shear rate. Our study suggests a presence of bifurcations at which the rate of memory loss increases with the shear rate while it decreases away from these points. We also find that the memory loss is not a smooth process. Its rate is closely related to frequency of the sudden transitions of the force network. The loss of memory, quantified by observing evolution of force networks, is found to be correlated with the loss of correlation of shear stress measured on the system scale. Thus, we have established a direct link between the evolution of force networks and macroscopic properties of the considered system.
WeCareAdvisor, an Online Platform to Help Family Caregivers Manage Dementia-Related Behavioral Symptoms: an Efficacy Trial in the Time of COVID-19.

Dementia-related behavioral and psychology symptoms (BPSD) are undertreated and have negative consequences. However, families do not have access to disease information, tailored problem-solving and effective management strategies, and with COVID-19, are more socially isolated and distressed. To address this dementia care gap, we describe a Phase III efficacy trial testing an online platform, WeCareAdvisor, and design modifications necessitated by COVID-19. WeCareAdvisor provides caregivers with disease information, daily tips, and a systematic approach for describing behaviors, investigating underlying causes, creating tailored strategies, and evaluating their effectiveness (DICE). The trial will enroll 326 caregivers nationwide, randomly assign them to immediately receive WeCareAdvisor (treatment), or a 3-month waitlist (control) and evaluate short (1- and 3-month) and long-term (6-month) outcomes for caregiver distress with and confidence managing BPSD, and BPSD occurrences. We will also evaluate utilization patterns with different prompting conditions: high-intensity (telephone and email reminders), low-intensity (email reminders), or no reminders to use WeCareAdvisor. COVID-19 necessitated design modifications resulting in greater inclusivity of caregivers from diverse races, ethnicities, and geographic areas. Key modifications include shifting from in-home, in-person interviewing to telephone; adjusting tool functionality from operating on a grant-funded iPad to caregivers' personal internet-capable devices; and expanding recruitment from one metropolitan area to nationwide. Study modifications necessitated by COVID-19 facilitate national outreach, easier tool adoption, and enable more diverse caregivers to participate. This study addresses a critical dementia care need, and design modifications may shorten timeline from efficacy testing to commercialization.
B Cell Receptor-Responsive miR-141 Enhances Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Cycle via FOXO3 Inhibition

Antigen recognition by the B cell receptor (BCR) is a physiological trigger for reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can be recapitulated in vitro by cross-linking of surface immunoglobulins. Previously, we identified a subset of EBV microRNAs (miRNAs) that attenuate BCR signal transduction and subsequently dampen lytic reactivation in B cells. The roles of host miRNAs in the EBV lytic cycle are not completely understood. Here, we profiled the small RNAs in reactivated Burkitt lymphoma cells and identified several miRNAs, such as miR-141, that are induced upon BCR cross-linking. Notably, EBV encodes a viral miRNA, miR-BART9, with sequence homology to miR-141. To better understand the functions of these two miRNAs, we examined their molecular targets and experimentally validated multiple candidates commonly regulated by both miRNAs. Targets included B cell transcription factors and known regulators of EBV immediate-early genes, leading us to hypothesize that these miRNAs modulate kinetics of the lytic cascade in B cells. Through functional assays, we identified roles for miR-141 and EBV miR-BART9 and one specific target, FOXO3, in progression of the lytic cycle. Our data support a model whereby EBV exploits BCR-responsive miR-141 and further mimics activity of this miRNA family via a viral miRNA to promote productive lytic replication.IMPORTANCE EBV is a human pathogen associated with several malignancies. A key aspect of lifelong virus persistence is the ability to switch between latent and lytic replication modes. The mechanisms governing latency, reactivation, and progression of the lytic cycle are only partly understood. This study reveals that specific miRNAs can act to support the EBV lytic phase following BCR-mediated reactivation triggers. Furthermore, this study identifies a role for FOXO3, commonly suppressed by both host and viral miRNAs, in modulating progression of the EBV lytic cycle.
Characterising the long-term clinical outcomes of 1190 hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in New York City: a retrospective case series.

Objective To characterise the long-term outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a large New York City medical centre at 3 and 6 months after hospitalisation and describe their healthcare usage, symptoms, morbidity and mortality. Design Retrospective cohort through manual chart review of the electronic medical record. Setting NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, a quaternary care academic medical centre in New York City. Participants The first 1190 consecutive patients with symptoms of COVID-19 who presented to the hospital for care between 1 March and 8 April 2020 and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on reverse transcriptase PCR assay. Main outcome measures Type and frequency of follow-up encounters, self-reported symptoms, morbidity and mortality at 3 and 6 months after presentation, respectively; patient disposition information prior to admission, at discharge, and at 3 and 6 months after hospital presentation. Results Of the 1190 reviewed patients, 929 survived their initial hospitalisation and 261 died. Among survivors, 570 had follow-up encounters (488 at 3 months and 364 at 6 months). An additional 33 patients died in the follow-up period. In the first 3 months after admission, most encounters were telehealth visits (59%). Cardiopulmonary symptoms (35.7% and 28%), especially dyspnoea (22.1% and 15.9%), were the most common reported symptoms at 3-month and 6-month encounters, respectively. Additionally, a large number of patients reported generalised (26.4%) or neuropsychiatric (24.2%) symptoms 6 months after hospitalisation. Patients with severe COVID-19 were more likely to have reduced mobility, reduced independence or a new dialysis requirement in the 6 months after hospitalisation. Conclusions Patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection reported persistent symptoms up to 6 months after diagnosis. These results highlight the long-term morbidity of COVID-19 and its burden on patients and healthcare resources.
Community supported agriculture plus nutrition education improves skills, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors among low-income caregivers but not their children: a randomized controlled trial.

Adults and children in the U.S. consume inadequate quantities of fruit and vegetables (FV), in part, due to poor access among households with lower socioeconomic status. One approach to improving access to FV is community supported agriculture (CSA) in which households purchase a ‘share’ of local farm produce throughout the growing season. This study examined the effects of cost-offset (half-price) CSA plus tailored nutrition education for low-income households with children. The Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK) randomized controlled trial in New York, North Carolina, Vermont, and Washington (2016–2018) assigned caregiver-child dyads (n = 305) into cost-offset CSA plus education intervention or control (delayed intervention) groups. Following one growing season of CSA participation, changes in children’s diet quality, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity; caregivers’ nutrition knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and diet quality; and household food access and security were examined using multiple linear or logistic regression, with adjustment for baseline value within an intent-to-treat (ITT) framework in which missing data were multiply imputed. No significant net effects on children’s dietary intake, BMI, or physical activity were observed. Statistically significant net improvements were observed after one growing season for caregivers’ cooking attitudes, skills, and self-efficacy; FV intake and skin carotenoid levels; and household food security. Changes in attitudes and self-efficacy remained one-year after baseline, but improvements in caregiver diet and household food security did not. The number of weeks that participants picked up a CSA share (but not number of education sessions attended) was associated with improvements in caregiver FV intake and household food security. Cost-offset CSA plus tailored nutrition education for low-income households improved important caregiver and household outcomes within just one season of participation; most notably, both self-reported and objectively measured caregiver FV intake and household food security improved. Households that picked up more shares also reported larger improvements. However, these changes were not maintained after the CSA season ended. These results suggest that cost-offset CSA is a viable approach to improving adult, but not child, FV intake and household food security for low-income families, but the seasonality of most CSAs may limit their potential to improve year-round dietary behavior and food security. ClinicalTrials.gov . NCT02770196 . Registered 5 April 2016. Retrospectively registered.
Entorhinal Cortical Volume is Associated With Verbal and Visuospatial Memory Performance in Primary Brain Tumor Patients.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The entorhinal cortex in the medial temporal lobe is a critical part of the hippocampal memory system, crucial for memory formation and consolidation. Studies show the entorhinal cortex is particularly vulnerable to dose-dependent atrophy. We examined the association between entorhinal cortical volume and longitudinal verbal and visuospatial memory function in a prospective cohort of primary brain tumor patients. MATERIALS/METHODS Primary brain tumor patients (n = 50) undergoing fractionated brain RT were enrolled in a prospective trial and underwent volumetric brain MRI and verbal and visuospatial memory assessments (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test Total/Delayed [HVLT-Total, HVLT-Delayed] and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test Total/Delayed [BVMT-Total, BVMT-Delayed]) at baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-months post-RT. Reliable change indices (RCI-PE) measured change in scores, adjusting for practice effects, and one-sample t-tests evaluated for significance. Left- and right-sided entorhinal cortices were autosegmented; tumor, surgical bed, and edema were censored to avoid confounding. Entorhinal cortical volume was measured, and linear mixed-effects modeling assessed entorhinal cortical volume as a longitudinal predictor of memory scores after controlling for time and subject-specific effects. P-values were corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Among the cohort, median patient age was 50 years, 50% had gliomas, and 52% had left sided tumors. Median number of years of formal education was 15 (range 10-20). HVLT-Total/Delayed and BVMT-Total scores declined from baseline to 12 months post-RT (HVLT-Total RCI = -0.74, P = 0.032; HVLT-Delayed RCI = -1.39, P < 0001; BVMT-Total RCI = -0.64, P = 0.034). Patients with higher education attainment had less change in delayed verbal memory (baseline to 12 months, P = 0.01). Mean doses to right and left entorhinal cortices were not significantly different (P = 0.99). Higher radiation dose to the right entorhinal cortex was significantly associated with volume atrophy (P < 0.0001). Left entorhinal cortical atrophy was associated with worse total and delayed verbal memory performance (HVLT-Total P = 0.002, HVLT-Delayed P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Higher educational attainment was associated with less memory decline among primary brain tumor patients after RT. The right entorhinal cortex displayed significant radiation dose-dependent atrophy. Left entorhinal cortical atrophy predicted worse total and delayed verbal memory performance after RT. Beyond the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex is also a critically important memory structure. HYPOTHESIS Atrophy of the entorhinal cortex is associated with worse visuospatial and verbal memory in the first year after brain radiotherapy.
Research on product identification and positioning technology of machine vision based on Yolo detection framework

Machine vision is one of the core technologies for modern enterprises to develop unmanned, automated, and intelligent systems. First, conduct research on image acquisition and data expansion technology, carry out product identification analysis based on deep learning in order to further improve the unmanned and intelligent level of the production site, then perform product positioning based on the YOLO detection framework, and finally complete the application verification of product identification and positioning. Faced with the reality that the real-time requirements of product inspection on the production line are constantly increasing, the YOLO inspection framework is selected, and the model convolution structure and anchor points are added to meet the needs of product identification and positioning on the production line. The software environment and model construction are improved through the selection of light source, camera and lens, and finally the application practice of product identification and positioning is completed. Research and practice reveal that the experimental model can meet the real-time needs of intelligent manufacturing at a detection speed of more than 20 FPS under the premise of ensuring accuracy.
Guidelines for Physicians

The office management of developmental disabilities presents several challenges to the pediatrician. Past experience, knowledge, finances, and the desire to serve these children all may be obstacles to caring for handicapped children in an office setting.
On limits of performance analysis and what can we do about it

A cursory look at the programs of recent CDC or IFAC meetings reveals the fact that the control system community is searching for a new paradigm. It is healthy and invigorating as we search for new domains to conquer. However, we are reminded of the dictum "In time of stress, people revert to the tools they are comfortable with", i.e., it is easy and natural for us to attempt to use the same real variable and differential equation based tools to attack these new problems. The purpose of this note is (i) to bring up some unpleasant and no doubt controversial (to some) facts concerning the limitations on how far we can push these tools with respect to the nature of the new problems we wish to solve, and (ii) to speculate that a softened approach involving computational intelligence such as fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and ordinal optimization has a place in our arsenal of tools. It is the author's belief after years subscribing to the same standard that at least an open minded discussion on these issues in our community is desirable for the benefit of the general readers. After all, one of the professed goals of the society is in solving real world problems. The fundamental limitations described in the paper with respect to the nature of these problems force us to rethink our paradigm.
Fluting Devices in the Folsom Tradition: Patterning In Debitage Formation and Projectile Point Basal Configuration

Replicative experiments in Folsom point manufacture suggest that fluting during the final stages of biface reduction may have been executed via indirect percussion using a grooved anvil and backsto...
Construction of Sportsmanship Attitude Scales

Abstract Alternate form sportsmanship attitude scales were developed using the scale-discrimination technique. The initial set of 152 items were descriptions of ethically critical sportsmanship behavior. The initial item set was successively treated with the equal-appearing interval, summated rating, and scale analysis methods for developing attitude scales. The 42 items selected for the final scale form were divided into separate units in order to have alternate scale forms. The two forms were evaluated for reliability, reproducibility, and empirical validity. A correlation coefficient of .86 was found between scores of Form A and Form B for the single test administration. For Form A the coefficient of reproducibility was found to be .81, and a reproducibility value of .86 was found for Form B. Empirical validity coefficients ranging from —.01 to .43 were found between the test scores and behavior ratings.
Teaching Research Ethics Better: Focus on Excellent Science, Not Bad Scientists

A recent report of the United States' Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues highlights how important it is for the research community to enjoy the "earned confidence" of the public and how creating a "culture of responsibility" can contribute to that confidence. It identifies a major role for "creative, flexible, and innovative" ethics education in creating such a culture. Other recent governmental reports from various nations similarly call for a renewed emphasis on ethics education in the sciences. We discuss why some common approaches to ethics education in the graduate sciences fail to meet the goals envisioned in the reports and we describe an approach, animated by primary attention on excellent science as opposed to bad scientists, that we have employed in our ethics teaching that we think is better suited for inspiring and sustaining responsible, trustworthy science.