cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium channel blocker overdose mimicking an acute myocardial infarction

A 42-year-old man presented with shortness of breath, weakness, and diaphoresis, and developed a new left bundle branch block while under evaluation in the Emergency Department. At emergency cardiac catheterization, he was found to have only insignificant coronary disease, and a hyperdynamic ventricle. Despite these findings, he subsequently developed profound bradycardia and hypotension, which were refractory to standard therapies including pressors, calcium, and transvenous pacing. He gradually improved over several days and made a full recovery, after which he admitted to taking multiple calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in an attempt to self-medicate for symptoms he related to his lifelong paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. This is the first report of a CCB overdose mimicking an acute myocardial infarction, and highlights the fact that CCB overdose must be considered in the differential diagnosis of some patients who present with apparent acute myocardial infarction.
A stereotactic approach to deep-seated central nervous system neoplasms using the carbon dioxide laser

This report describes a technique in which deep-seated CNS neoplasms, the volume and shape of which had been determined and stereotactically localized by computer reconstruction of CT data, were vaporized with a carbon dioxide laser attached to a stereotactic frame. The clinical results with 6 patients treated by this technique are presented.
Food, orality, and nostalgia for childhood: gastronomic Slavophilism in mid-nineteenth-century Russian fiction.

A lthough nostalgia was originally a term used to denote a medical pathology (in the seventeenth century, "homesickness" was diagnosed as a dangerous health disorder), it has subsequently become identified with a much less dangerous or pathological condition.1 It now tends to indicate a state of mind characterized by wistful regret or a sense of loss over a time and place now long gone, combined with a sentimental longing to escape back to what is remembered as being a much simpler world.2 That simpler world for which one
The effects of interleukin 1β on the hypothalamic tachykinin, neurokinin A

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that appears to be an integral component of the bidirectional signalling between the immune and central nervous systems. It is produced in the hypothalamus and has been shown to inhibit the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. IL-1β is reported to up-regulate the tachykinin, substance P (SP), in the peripheral nervous system. We have recently observed that members of the hypothalamic tachykinin family including SP, neurokinin A (NKA) and two N-terminal extended forms of NKA (neuropeptides κ and γ), inhibit hypothalamic LHRH and pituitary LH release and stimulate adrenal corticosterone secretion. The similarity in the endocrine effects of the tachykinins and the cytokine prompted us to test the hypothesis that IL-1β may stimulate the hypothalamic tachykinins, which would then mediate the neuroendocrine effects of IL-1β. First, the effects of IL-1β on the in vitro release of NKA-like immunoreactivity (NKA-li) from the hypothalamus was examined. Addition of 10 nM IL-1β significantly increased NKA-li release from the hypothalami of castrated rats, but not from the hypothalami of intact rats. To identify the site of IL-1β action, the effects of intraventricular IL-1β (100 ng) on NKA-li levels in various hypothalamic sites of intact and castrated rats were examined. The results showed that IL-1β increased NKA-li selectively in the median eminence (ME) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) of castrated rats only. The time-course evaluation showed that IL-1β steadily increased NKA-li in the ME-ARC to peak levels at 3 h. Coincident with this selective ME-ARC response to IL-1β, serum LH levels were suppressed. These results demonstrate for the first time a cytokine-tachykinin interaction in the hypothalamus that is modifiable by gonadal steroids and suggest that an increase in cytokines in response to injury and central nervous system inflammatory diseases may up-regulate the hypothalamic tachykinins, which, in turn, may precipitate the neuroendocrine responses.
Portable data acquisition system for measuring energy requirements of soil-engaging implements

Lackas. G.M., Grisso, R.D., Yasin, M. and Bashford, L.L., 1991. Portable data acquisition system tbr measuring energy requirements of soil-engaging implements. Comput. Electron. Agric., 5: 285-296. A portable data acquisition system, using a laptop computer, was developed to monitor performancc of soil-engaging implements during field operation. The vertical and horizontal forces exerto:l by the implement, ground speed and other parameters were measured. A spreadsheet program was used to aid data analysis and storage.
Cuba, the black panther party and the US black movement in the 1960s: Issues of security

Abstract During the 1960s strong ties of mutual support developed between the Black Panther Party and the revolutionary government of Cuba. These relations were also, however, often difficult and problematic. This paper argues that the problem stemmed from factional struggles among Cuba's leadership. One faction, lead by Ernesto “Che” Guevara, urged support for all revolutionary movements, including the Black Panther Party. Another more moderate faction wished to downplay such support as means of avoiding US reprisals. Ultimately this faction prevailed, leaving Cuban support for the Black Panther Party more rhetorical than real. While several members of the Black Panther Party and other African American radicals were granted asylum in Cuba, their political activities were severely restricted. Among this group, then, disillusionment set in as to the revolutionary sincerity of the Cuban regime.
Intrapartum assessment of fetal well-being: any role for a fetal admission test?

Objective: To determine whether the fetal admission test is predictive of intrapartum complications. Methods: We studied the fetal heart rate tracings of women in spontaneous labor at 37-42 weeks' gestation from 1 November 2001 to 31 March 2002. The study population was subdivided based on reactivity defined as ≥ 15 beats/min for ≥ 15 s, reactivity redefined as ≥ 10 beats/min for ≥ 10 s, variability, presence of late and/or variable decelerations, and reassuring fetal admission test; and compared for various labor outcome variables. Student's t test, the χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. Results: A total of 426 women met our inclusion criteria. There were no differences between groups when compared for maternal age, parity, gestational age, birth weight, labor analgesia and length of labor. Irrespective of the definition of reactivity, women with a non-reactive fetal admission test were more likely to be delivered by Cesarean section, to have fetal distress resulting in Cesarean sect...
Psychoneuroimmunology. Implications for oncology

Accumulating evidence indicates that the central nervous system (CNS) may regulate the activity of the immune system. Although the overall significance of the immune system in cancer remains controversial, psychosocial influences on immune function could potentially provide a mechanism to account for some of the reports of an association between psychosocial factors and cancer prognosis.
Predicting the Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin: Implications for Aquifer Susceptibility and Vulnerability

The occurrence and distribution of elevated nitrate concentrations in ground water in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington, were determined by examining existing data from more than 3,000 wells. Models that estimate the probability that a well has an elevated nitrate concentration were constructed by relating the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations to both natural and anthropogenic variables using logistic regression. The variables that best explain the occurrence of elevated nitrate concentrations were well depth, surficial geology, and the percentage of urban and agricultural land within a radius of 3.2 kilometers of the well. From these relations, logistic regression models were developed to assess aquifer susceptibility and ground-water vulnerability. Both models performed well at predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in an independent data set. This approach to assessing aquifer susceptibility and ground-water vulnerability has the advantages of having both model variables and coefficient values determined on the basis of existing water quality information and does not depend on the assignment of variables and weighting factors based on qualitative criteria.
Electroejaculation and semen analysis in the La Plata three‐banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus)

The objectives of this study were to: 1) develop an electroejaculation procedure for collecting semen from the La Plata three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes matacus), and 2) characterize basal reproductive traits, including sperm concentration, motility, morphology, acrosomal status, and viability. Three male armadillos were each electroejaculated on one to five occasions. Fluid containing spermatozoa was recovered during each attempt, and high proportions (>75%) of morphologically normal spermatozoa were seen in all analyzed samples. Two fluorescent stains (FITC-PNA and Hoechst 33258) appeared to be effective for assessing acrosomal status and viability, respectively, in this species. Sperm concentration and motility were usually low, and urine contamination was a persistent problem—possibly due to anesthesia, unique reproductive anatomy, and/or improper probe placement. Poor sperm recovery, urine contamination, and sensitivity of spermatozoa to culture medium must be addressed before electroejaculation can be used routinely in the La Plata three-banded armadillo. Zoo Biol 21:481–487, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Consumer gains from physician immigration to the US: 1966–1971

This paper examines the impact of the 1965 liberalization of immigration restrictions on the market for physician services in the United State. Estimates of the effect of physician migration on consumer surplus and physician earnings are calculated for the period beginning in 1966 and ending in 1971. A conservative estimate is that the dollar value of the benefits to consumers from unrestricted migration over the six-year period had reached 2.9 billion dollars (in 1967 dollars) by 1971. Measured as a percentage of total expenditures on physician services, the gain to consumers ranges from near 1% in 1966 to over 12% by 1971. A conservative estimate is that physician earnings would have been 11% higher by 1971 had there been no change in migration restirctions in 1965. As an empirical contribution to the debate over physician migration, the estimates presented in this paper give a rough idea of the magnitude of the dollar values involved when migration restrictions are liberalized during a period of rapid ...
Use of high-gradient magnetic fields for the capture of ferritin

The imposition of a high-intensity, high-gradient magnetic field on a column packed with ferromagnetic spheres has allowed capture of the protein ferritin from an aqueous-based buffer solution. The ability of the system to capture ferritin was dependent upon the magnititude of the charge of the molecule, with significant capture occurring only at or near the isoelectric point
Ultraviolet difference spectral studies in the gamma radiolysis of DNA and model compounds. I. Aqueous solutions of DNA bases.

SummaryUltraviolet difference spectra of gamma-irradiated, air-saturated aqueous solutions of DNA bases vs. unirradiated solutions of the same bases are shown to be a very sensitive supplemental tool with which to investigate the yields, postirradiation kinetics, and general nature of DNA base radiation products. Irradiated pyrimidines yield difference spectra which are approximately negative mirror-images of the base absorption spectra in the near-UV, indicating loss of ring conjugation. Difference spectra of irradiated purines yield a more complex pattern containing a positive long-wavelength peak, interpreted as radiation-induced extension of conjugation of the π electron system beyond that of the unirradiated purine. On the basis of the spectroscopic evidence from these studies, 8-hydroxyguanine appears to be the dominant UV-absorbing radiation product in air-saturated guanine solutions with a G-value of 0·3 molec (100 eV)−1. Difference spectral studies provide isosbestic points which can be used in t...
On the dynamics of hemispherical phase growth in nonuniform concentration fields

Abstract Theoretical calculations on the dynamics of asymptotic bubble growth in an initially nonuniform concentration field are performed. A significant simplification is achieved by noting that the Jakob number for mass transfer is usually small so that the convective transport can be neglected in comparison with the diffusive transport. Numerical solutions are obtained for the growth rate of a hemispherical bubble on a surface with linear and exponential initial concentration fields of the supersaturated gas in the diffusion boundary layers and also for the cases involving concentration fields resulting from the constant interfacial concentration and the constant mass flux experiments.
Normal lysosomal enzyme levels in hypertrophied and failing dog hearts.

Abstract The activity levels of three lysosomal acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease, and cathepsin, were determined in whole homogenates of right and left ventricular myocardium from normal and chronically stressed dog hearts. Stressed hearts were from four dogs with right ventricular hypertrophy and congestive failure induced by progressive constriction of the main pulmonary artery and from four dogs with acquired right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pulmonary hypertension resulting from infestation with heartworms ( Dirofilaria immitis ). Control hearts were from four unoperated and four sham operated normal dogs. No significant differences were found that could be related to myocardial stress.
Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing cells regulate depressor region of rat ventrolateral medulla.

Intraparenchymal injection of the saporin conjugate [Sar9, Met (O2)11] substance P-saporin (SSP-SAP) into the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) destroys neurokinin-1 receptor-immunoreactivity (NK1R-ir) n...
On the validity of SVZ-motivated heavy quark potentials

Abstract Heavy quark potentials have recently been proposed which in the nonrelativistic limit are equivalent to the operator product expansion, including the gluon condensate term of SVZ. We show that the inherent flavor dependence of these potentials cannot easily be hidden and that phenomenologically poor results are obtained.
Psychological Climate, Stress, and Research Integrity among Research Counselor Educators: A Preliminary Study.

In this quantitative study, 187 counselor educators at research institutions reported engaging in responsible conduct of research (RCR), with a few individuals reporting deviations from ethical behavior. Tenure-seeking faculty members indicated a greater likelihood of deviating from acceptable research practices than did tenured faculty members. The psychological meaningfulness of one's department and research ethics training positively related to engagement in RCR, explaining 18% of the variance. Implications for training of research ethics are discussed, along with suggestions for environmental needs within counseling departments to potentially increase psychological meaningfulness for faculty members.
Assessment of energy conservation using solar energy in Kansas

Tables of measured and calculated data which indicate the amount of fossil energy that could be conserved by using solar and wind energy in Kansas are presented. Data include solar energy received; estimated energy consumption; energy available daily from direct use of solar energy for an average home; minimum potential daily and annual energy savings using solar energy for space heating, space cooling, and water heating; energy consumption in pumping irrigation water; possible energy conservation in pumping irrigation water using wind or solar energy; estimated energy conservation using solar energy for space heating; estimated energy conservation using windmills for water pumping; estimated energy conservation using biomass for electricity generation or space heating; and the potential contribution of solar energy to the total energy demand in the U.S. (WHK)
Distributed proactive defense based on cloud computing

Traditional centralized proactive defense architecture is easy to be attacked, and high traffic, poor scalability, especially when the network scale is large, its efficiency has been greatly decreased. Distributed proactive defense architecture based on cloud computing is proposed, which combines the advantages of cloud computing and the concept of collaboration. The architecture was described in detail. Meanwhile, distributed intrusion detection on GEP-BP in cloud computing is implemented.
Stimulated Raman-scattering threshold behavior of binary mixture micrometer-sized droplets

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) from binary liquid mixture micrometer-sized droplets irradiated by nanosecond laser pulses exhibits previously unreported features. SRS emission at wavelength shifts corresponding to combination frequencies of the individual component Stokes shifts are observed in droplets but not in bulk mixtures. Furthermore, droplet SRS thresholds are determined by component refractive indices and concentrations, in contrast to bulk thresholds, for which self-focusing likely plays a dominant role.
Magnetic resonance angiography minimizes need for arteriography after inadequate carotid duplex ultrasound scanning.

Abstract Purpose We prospectively evaluated whether magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) enabled definition of cerebrovascular anatomy after indeterminate or inadequate results at duplex ultrasound scanning to facilitate patient selection for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and for technical planning. Methods After implementation of a protocol in October 1998 to minimize use of cerebral arteriography, MRA (arch/cervical two-dimensional and cranial three-dimensional time of flight technique) was performed in 138 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease and inconclusive duplex scans obtained by an ICAVL-approved laboratory. The ability of MRA to define anatomic features unresolved at duplex scanning was compared between categories of duplex scan inadequacies. Operative outcome was compared between patients requiring MRA before CEA (n = 66) and a concurrent cohort undergoing CEA on the basis of duplex scan results only (n = 69). Results Incomplete imaging of the carotid bifurcation, because of high bifurcation, long (>3 cm) internal carotid artery (ICA) plaque, or calcific shadows, was the most common reason for inadequate duplex scans (n = 74, 53%), followed by borderline severe ICA disease (23.17%), suspected extracervical disease (supra-aortic trunk, vertebral, or intracranial, 22, 16%), ICA near- occlusion (12.9%), and diffuse recurrent stenosis (7.5%). MRA enabled resolution of duplex scan inadequacies in 95% of patients with disease confined to the carotid bifurcation, and 90% of all patients, but was least accurate for delineation of extracervical lesions (77%) and near-occlusions (75%). In 5 of 8 patients (6%) arteriography was performed to determine operability of ICA near-occlusion or extracervical lesions. Combined stroke and death rates after CEA were not statistically different ( P = .3) between patients requiring MRA (3 of 66, 4.6%) and the concurrent group in whom MRA was performed solely on the basis of duplex results (1 of 69, 1.5%). However, intraoperative technical adjustments (anatomy that precluded shunt use, extended endarterectomy length, ICA shortening due to tortuosity) were planned in 71% of patients (12 of 17) with MRA-defined anatomy, but only 36% of patients (4 of 11) with long CEA on the basis of duplex results only ( P = .08). Conclusion MRA replaces the need for cerebral arteriography in most patients after inadequate carotid duplex scanning. Delineation of cerebrovascular anatomy at MRA assists in determination of CEA candidacy and operative planning.
HOW LIQUIDS SPREAD ON SOLIDS

A theory of the wetting of solids by liquids is put forward. The theory accounts for capillary pressure gradient, gravitational potential gradient, surface tension gradient, disjoining pressure gradient driving forces of flow in thick thin-films and of surface diffusion in thin thin-films. Disjoining pressure stems from the way intermolecular forces aggregate in submicroscopically thin films. For thick thin-films of slowly varying thickness the lubrication approximation to velocity distributions is appropriate. With this approximation the spontaneous, unsteady, two-dimensional spreading of liquid is shown to be governed by a nonlinear convective-diffusion equation for the evolution of the film thickness profile. The predictions of the theory agree with Marmur and Lelah's (1980, 1981) observations of water drops spreading on glass and with Bascom, Cottington and Singleterry's (1964) and Ludviksson and Lightfoot's (1971) observations of oils spreading on high energy surfaces. The theory is used to analyze D...
Conformational comparison between α-lactalbumin and lysozyme

Comparisons of the conformation behavior between LA and LZ (especially BLA and HEL) are described, which have contributed to the development and understanding of the molten globule folding intermediate of protein. BLA (and other LAs) is clearly a very good model protein for fundamental studies of molten globule protein conformation and the mechanism of protein unfolding/folding in vitro. Our work for about 20 years, on the conformational characterizations of proteins in the LA-LZ family, primarily based on macroscopic observations, led to three important findings: 1) equilibrium intermediate of unfolding/folding of LA is in the molten globule state, as assumed later for many proteins; 2) kinetic (transient) folding intermediates of BLA and HEL are the same as the equilibrium intermediate of BLA, and they include the framework remaining in the N state; and 3) the bound Ca2+, which is the main factor explaining the apparent difference in the conformational behavior between BLA and HEL, is found in some LZs. The conformational characterization of two Ca(2+)-binding LZs (ELZ and PLZ) by CD, calorimetry, X-ray, and NMR structural analysis is shown in detail and the mechanism of molecular evolution is discussed for the LA-LZ family. However, first concept of the molten globule has gradually changed with the definition of the collapsed form, the N-like or the U-like molten globule and so on, based on the results of measurements at residual resolutions including X-ray, NMR, and isotope exchange of some proteins. Our recent data on such microscopic measurements of LAs in the molten globule state are therefore compared with those of various proteins by other researchers. The roles of the disulfide bonds to stabilize the molten globule state are also discussed with our conformational research results on disulfide-reduced BLA. It is hoped that the multidimensional-NMR can be used for the 3D structural analysis of proteins in the LA-LZ family in the U, I, and N states in the solutions, and that our conformational work on the proteins done in vitro can be applied to understand the conformational events of proteins in vivo.
Phospholipase B Is Activated in Response to Sterol Removal and Stimulates Acrosome Exocytosis in Murine Sperm

Despite a strict requirement for sterol removal for sperm to undergo acrosome exocytosis (AE), the mechanisms by which changes in membrane sterols are transduced into changes in sperm fertilization competence are poorly understood. We have previously shown in live murine sperm that the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome (APM) contains several types of microdomains known as membrane rafts. When characterizing the membrane raft-associated proteomes, we identified phospholipase B (PLB), a calcium-independent enzyme exhibiting multiple activities. Here, we show that sperm surface PLB is activated in response to sterol removal. Both biochemical activity assays and immunoblots of subcellular fractions of sperm incubated with the sterol acceptor 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-OHCD) confirmed the release of an active PLB fragment. Specific protease inhibitors prevented PLB activation, revealing a mechanistic requirement for proteolytic cleavage. Competitive inhibitors of PLB reduced the ability of sperm both to undergo AE and to fertilize oocytes in vitro, suggesting an important role in fertilization. This was reinforced by our finding that incubation either with protein concentrate released from 2-OHCD-treated sperm or with recombinant PLB peptide corresponding to the catalytic domain was able to induce AE in the absence of other stimuli. Together, these results lead us to propose a novel mechanism by which sterol removal promotes membrane fusogenicity and AE, helping confer fertilization competence. Importantly, this mechanism provides a basis for the newly emerging model of AE in which membrane fusions occur during capacitation/transit through the cumulus, prior to any physical contact between the sperm and the oocyte's zona pellucida.
Starch properties of malted barley in relation to real degree of fermentation

Real degree of fermentation (RDF) is an important measure of brewhouse performance in the production of beer. In this work, the relationship of RDF with malted barley starch properties was investigated. Starches were isolated from 25 malted barley samples and analyzed for molecular size distribution (by HPSEC), AP structural features (by high-performance size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering and RI detectors), and thermal properties (by DSC). Cluster analysis, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, bivariate correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in establishing correlations. RDF, AM, and AP content were 74.0–80.1%, 25.2–34.4%, and 65.6–74.9%, respectively. Starch gelatinization enthalpy was 6.4–8.1 J/g, and onset gelatinization temperature was 58.5–64.38C. AP and AM content had a positive and negative impact on RDF, respectively. The effect of thermal properties (starch gelatinization and AM-lipid complex melting) on RDF was not clear. Starch properties explained up to 86% of RDF variance to indicate that other malted barley constituents and/or properties also contribute to cultivar variations in RDF. Received: November 10, 2011 Revised: January 9, 2012 Accepted: January 14, 2012
Lessons learned from the examination of tubes pulled from Electricité de France steam generators

Abstract The laboratory examination of about 200 pulled tubes exhibiting secondary side cracking provides extensive data on the following: • corrosion location, orientation, surface extension, length, depth, density, morphology etc; • tube metallurgical and chemical characteristics; • deposits and oxides composition; • leak rate of the cracks; • burst pressure of the degraded segment; • mechanical properties of segments with or without cracking. The evaluation of the database permits the following: • characterization of degradation; • a better understanding of the phenomena; • validation of the non-destructive examination techniques; • setting alternative plugging criteria; • verification that the plugging criteria are conservative and overly reasonable. Pulled tube examinations are a very convenient way of gathering this essential information to gain more knowledge about the corrosion process. Nowadays, they are implemented in many countries experiencing corrosion of the steam generator bundles in pressurized water reactors. Each year, Electricite de France performs about 15 pulled tube examinations in the hot laboratory located in the nuclear power plant in Chinon.
Labor Supply at the Extensive and Intensive Margins: The EITC, Welfare, and Hours Worked

Some previous studies have emphasized differences between labor-supply responses on the extensive margin (participation) and intensive margin (hours worked) (e.g., James J. Heckman, 1993; Jean Kimmel and Thomas J. Kniesner, 1998). Recent tax and welfare policy changes provide a potentially more convincing way of identifying these responses than is available in other nonexperimental data. The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) changes during the 1990– 1996 period sharply altered the budget sets of single mothers over a short period of time. These changes in incentives are likely to be unrelated to differences across individuals in the desire to work and thus are likely to be exogenous to labor-supply decisions. This lack of exogeneity is harder to claim for wage differences across people, which are the main alternative source of identifying variation. In addition to preference heterogeneity, wages are driven by supply and demand factors that one must account for to obtain valid estimates using wage variation. The EITC unequivocally encourages single parents to work at least some hours during a year because it shifts out the budget set at all positive hours points. This first prediction is clearly confirmed by the data. In addition, theory implies that the EITC will decrease hours worked among those already working because most recipients are on the plateau or phase-out portions of the credit schedule. For these recipients, the EITC reduces or does not affect the after-tax wage while at the same time discouraging work through the income effect of the credit payment. However, recent hours-worked patterns for EITC-eligible individuals do not appear to fit this second prediction. Hours and weeks worked by likely recipient groups have not fallen. This paper analyzes this puzzling finding, building on earlier work by Nada Eissa and Jeffrey Liebman (1996) and Meyer and Dan T. Rosenbaum (1999). This study shows that nearly all of the laborsupply adjustment of single mothers occurs at the extensive margin, not the intensive margin. This finding raises the issue of what model features are needed to explain both participation and hours but leaves the answer to be provided in future work. This finding also suggests that the large literature simulating alternative policies for low-wage workers such as the EITC may be misleading because nearly all work has used models that imply similar responses on participation and hours margins.
Using Web Surveys in Summative Evaluations: A Case Study at the Monterey Bay Aquarium

ABSTRACT This article reports on the use of a post-visit web survey to assess how visitor reactions to the exhibition Sharks: Myth and Mystery at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. The web survey was used to supplement on-site observations and interview data. A total of 598 visitors shared their e-mail addresses with the aquarium so they could participate in the survey, and 61% of successfully delivered e-mails elicited responses yielding 314 completed surveys. Results from the web survey showed that visitors could recall specific aspects of the exhibition four months after their visit, with more than one-third (37%) of visitors able to cite an occurrence in their day-to-day lives that had reminded them of the exhibition. In addition, the majority of visitors (59%) recalled speaking to someone else about the exhibition since their visit. When prompted, many visitors (44%) were also able to recall specific conservation content presented in the exhibition. This case study demonstrates that web surveys can provide t...
The Legalization of the School Psychologists' World.

Abstract Discusses the increasing tendency of legal rules to shape school psychologist's conduct. Court cases, legislation, and empirical studies treating with this issue are analyzed. The article suggests that “the legalization of the school psychologist's world” may afford an opportunity to reshape, in more “non-formal” and collegial ways, relationships with other school professions, students, and parents.
Backwards Markovian models for second-order stochastic processes (Corresp.)

A state-space model of a second-order random process is a representation as a linear combination of a set of state-variables which obey first-order linear differential equations driven by an input process that is both white and uncorrelated with the initial values of the state-variables. Such a representation is often called a Markovian representation. There are applications in which it is useful to consider time running backwards and to obtain corresponding backwards Markovian representations. Except in one very special circumstance, these backwards representations cannot be obtained simply by just reversing the direction of time in a forwards Markovian representation. We show how this problem can be solved, give some examples, and also illustrate how the backwards model can be used to clarify certain least squares smoothing formulas.
Itinerant-5f-electron antiferromagnetism in uranium nitride: A temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission study

A $5f$-like photoemission peak emerges at ${E}_{F}\ensuremath{-}0.78$ eV in normal emission from UN(100) upon cooling below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}\stackrel{\ifmmode\acute\else\textasciiacute\fi{}}{e}\mathrm{el}}=53$ K. This is the first observation of its kind for $f$ electrons. We believe that this peak arises from band states which are folded back into the new antiferromagnetic Brillouin zone owing to the doubling of the unit cell along $〈100〉$. Isoelectronic USb, which has localized $5f$ electrons, does not exhibit such a temperature effect. Our results suggest that UN can be described within the theory of itinerant-$5f$-electron antiferromagnetism.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin enhances the activation of rat encephalitogenic T cells by myelin basic protein.

Abstract It is generally believed that the activation of autoreactive T cells is an essential step in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases; however, autologous antigens are often weak immunogens and their detectable levels in vivo are much lower than required for T-cell activation. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, encephalitogenic T cells specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) react weakly to autologous rat myelin basic protein (RBP) but strongly to guinea pig-derived basic protein, even though both ligands possess the essential epitope (MBP(68–88)). Here we demonstrate that RBP is converted to a strong immunogen in the presence of a small dose of bacterial superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin E (SEE). The enhancing effect of SEE on the rat protein was apparent with all encephalitogenic T-cell lines examined in this study, including those not responding to RBP alone. It depended, moreover, on the simultaneous presence of RBP and SEE; delaying the addition of SEE for 8–12 h greatly decreased the potency of RBP. None of a series of major cytokines was able to replace SEE as an enhancer. Our results indicate that two T ligands, one a bacterial superantigen, can interact to enhance the activation of autoreactive T cells. This observation has implications for the involvement of bacterial and viral infections in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
A hypothesis regarding the molecular mechanism underlying dietary soy-induced effects on seizure propensity.

Numerous neurological disorders including fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, autism and Alzheimer’s disease are comorbid with epilepsy. We have observed elevated seizure propensity in mouse models of these disorders dependent on diet. Specifically, soy-based diets exacerbate audiogenic-induced seizures in juvenile mice. We have also found potential associations between the consumption of soy-based infant formula and seizure incidence, epilepsy comorbidity and autism diagnostic scores in autistic children by retrospective analyses of medical record data. In total, these data suggest that consumption of high levels of soy protein during postnatal development may affect neuronal excitability. Herein, we present our theory regarding the molecular mechanism underlying soy-induced effects on seizure propensity. We hypothesize that soy phytoestrogens interfere with metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling through an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism, which results in elevated production of key synaptic proteins and decreased seizure threshold.
Impact of load combinations on structural reliability determined from testing cold-formed steel components

Abstract The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of load combinations on the method used to assess the structural reliability of cold-formed steel components determined by testing. Chapter F of the AISI Specification (AISI-S100-07) provides a means to determined the resistance, ϕ or (safety, Ω ) factor of cold-formed steel components by direct testing. The procedure uses the standard (United States) Load and Resistance Factor Design format, but simplifies the load side to a single load combination and single dead-to-live load ratio. The impact of this assumption on the resulting component reliability is the focus of this work. To complete the work the bias factors and variances for all loading conditions are established. In addition, a range of practical load ratios, for all loads, is assumed. Parametric studies are performed to explore load case and load ratio dependency for use in the determination of the resistance factor, ϕ ; specifically, the pre-factor term C ϕ and the load variance term V Q . The parametric studies are simplified into a table that provides load case dependent C ϕ and V Q factors. Design examples demonstrating the impact of current methods and the load combination dependent solution are provided.
MicroRNAs suggest a new mechanism for altered brain gene expression in schizophrenia.

Neuropharmacologic and genetic association studies implicate dysregulation of NMDA receptor function in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (1). In this issue of PNAS Kocerha et al. (2) suggest a novel molecular mechanism whereby a microRNA (miRNA) regulates signaling downstream from the NMDA receptor at the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIγ subunit (CaMKIIγ). They found that acute treatment of mice with the potent NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine resulted in down-regulation of miR-219 in mouse prefrontal cortex. Mice in which the expression of the critical NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor was reduced by 95% (3) also showed a similar down-regulation of miR-219. Treatment with the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol or clozapine attenuated the hyperactivity and stereotypies caused by dizocilpine and prevented the reduction in miR-219 in the prefrontal cortex. A search of miRNA target databases revealed that the mRNA encoding CaMKIIγ was a possible target for miR-219 (several hundred putative mRNA targets were predicted by sequence complementarity). Treating neuronal-like cultured cells with a modified antisense construct to miR-219 to inactivate it increased the expression of CaMKIIγ levels. Conversely, overexpressing miR-219 in cultured cortical neurons caused a robust reduction in CaMKIIγ levels. Infusing the mouse brain with the antisense construct to miR-219 both attenuated the locomotor and stereotypic behaviors caused by dizocilpine and increased the expression of CaMKIIγ in the prefrontal cortex. Kocerha et al. concluded that miR-219 plays an integral role in the behavioral manifestations associated with NMDA receptor hypofunction and thus might be relevant to the “locomotor deficits in acute schizophrenia.”
Targeting of membrane proteins to the regulated secretory pathway in anterior pituitary endocrine cells.

Unlike the neuroendocrine cell lines widely used to study trafficking of soluble and membrane proteins to secretory granules, the endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary are highly specialized for the production of mature secretory granules. Therefore, we investigated the trafficking of three membrane proteins in primary anterior pituitary endocrine cells. Peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an integral membrane protein essential to the production of many bioactive peptides, is cleaved and enters the regulated secretory pathway even when expressed at levels 40-fold higher than endogenous levels. Myc-TMD/CD, a membrane protein lacking the lumenal, catalytic domains of PAM, is still stored in granules. Secretory granules are not the default pathway for all membrane proteins, because Tac accumulates on the surface of pituitary endocrine cells. Overexpression of PAM is accompanied by a diminution in its endoproteolytic cleavage and in its BaCl2-stimulated release from mature granules. Because internalized PAM/PAM-antibody complexes are returned to secretory granules, the endocytic machinery of the pituitary endocrine cells is not saturated. As in corticotrope tumor cells, expression of PAM or Myc-TMD/CD alters the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. PAM-mediated alterations in the cytoskeleton may limit maturation of PAM and storage in mature granules.
Axillary Artery Conduit Formation for Arterial Access During Transapical Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background Transapical transcatheter valve replacement is a relatively new technique for select patients with aortic valve stenosis, most of whom have severe peripheral vascular disease. We report our experience with the use of a right axillary artery conduit for arterial access during transapical valve replacement. Methods We reviewed the records of 129 patients who underwent transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement between November 2009 and August 2013. The study group included 26 (20.2%) patients who received a right axillary artery conduit for arterial access. Median age of the patients was 84 years (63 to 90), sex was female in seven (26.9%), and Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 8.7% (1.8 to 21.2). Results Axillary artery conduit use was significantly more common during the first half of our operative experience (24/65 patients, 36.9%) in comparison to the second half (2/64 patients, 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Inadequate iliofemoral artery diameter for cardiopulmonary bypass support was present in six patients (23.1%) who received a conduit. All patients underwent successful placement of the axillary artery conduit and subsequent conduit access for catheter-based procedures. Cardiopulmonary bypass support was provided to five (19.2%) patients. Operative mortality occurred in three (11.5%) patients and complications in 12 (46.2%), neither of which were related to the axillary artery conduit. Conclusions Creation of an axillary artery conduit provides a safe arterial access platform for transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12326 (J Card Surg 2014;29:308–311)
Prime Decompositions in Infinite Extensions of Global Fields

Let F be a global field with ring of integers A, and let K ⊆ L be a finite-dimensional Galois extension of fields algebraic over F, with B (resp., C) the integral closure of A in K (resp., L). If a nonzero prime ideal P of B has only one prime ideal &#x1d513; of C lying over it and char(B/P) does not divide [L: K], then Gal(L/K) is a metacyclic group. Thus, if 0 < char(F) does not divide [L: K] and Gal(L/K) has a minimal generating set of cardinality at least 3, then each nonzero prime ideal P of B has at least two distinct prime ideals of C that lie over it. For any odd prime number p, an example is given of the latter situation where char(F) = p.
HLA and Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. A protective perspective

This article presents a model for the HLA effect in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) that is almost the mirror image of a model suggested by Nepom. In the Nepom model, the products of certain HLA alleles are associated with IDDM because they bind and present a specific peptide or peptides so as to induce an immune response to pancreatic β-cells; certain other alleles can protect against IDDM if they compete strongly for binding of the diabetogenic peptide. My model focuses instead on the failure of the immune system to maintain tolerance to pancreatic β-cells. I suggest that the HLA alleles negatively associated with IDDM (e.g., DR2 and DQw1) produce products with high affinity for certain β-cell peptide or peptides needed to establish and maintain tolerance to β-cells, whereas the alleles that are common in IDDM (e.g., DR3, DR4, and DQw8) produce products that have low affinity for the tolerogenic peptide or peptides or that bind the peptide or peptides in the wrong orientation or configuration for establishing tolerance. I also discuss the multiplicity of HLA loci, alleles, and amino acids contributing to IDDM and the fact that the associations of specific loci, alleles, and even genotypes with IDDM depend not only on their intrinsic properties but also on various population parameters.
Left ventricular endocardial and epicardial border length delineation with perflutren contrast during transthoracic echocardiography.

Objective: Precise estimation of wall motion abnormalities during routine echocardiography rests on optimal endocardial border visualization. Endocardial “dropout” may result in the misinterpretation of regional wall motion. Left ventricular opacification (LVO) with intravenous contrast improves the visualization of the left ventricular endocardial border length (EnBL). The purpose of this study was to determine if contrast also improves the visualization of the epicardial border length (EpBL) in addition to the EnBL. Method: This is a single center retrospective observational study. From 200 consecutive patients referred to the Echocardiography Laboratory for the assessment and evaluation of coronary artery disease, 73 patients who received contrast were enrolled. All the images were standardized using offline software. The visualized segments of the epicardium and endocardium were measured in diastole and systole, without and with contrast-enhancement and these segments were summed to provide the total visualized EnBL and EpBL. Results: Contrast enhanced imaging improved EnBL by 65% and 45% in end-diastolic and end-systolic views, respectively. Similarly, EpBL was improved by 61% and 57% in end-diastolic and end-systolic views, respectively (all P values <0.05). Conclusion: Contrast LVO improves the EnBL as previously reported. Additionally, based upon the blinded review of 1,752 regional myocardial wall segments, this study is the first to suggest that contrast also enhances the visualization of the EpBL. This finding has direct clinical implications as the improvement in both EnBL and EpBL with contrast may assist in evaluation of regional left ventricular wall thickening which is a critical parameter used to assess for myocardial ischemia. (Echocardiography 2011;28:761-766)
Sinterable Ceramic Powders from Laser-Driven Reactions: I, Process Description and Modeling

A novel process is discussed for producing a wide variety of ceramic powders with unique physical and chemical characteristics. Silicon, Si3N4, and SiC powders were produced from CO2 laser-heated gas-phase reactants; a detailed description of this laser-driven process is presented. The physical, chemical, and crystalline nature of the resultant powders and the effect of process variables are discussed in Part II. In this process, reactant gases are rapidly heated by CO2 laser radiation and decompose, causing particles to nucleate and grow rapidly. Analytical models of fluid flow, heat transfer, heating rates, and powder-formation mechanisms are discussed. The powders produced in this process are very fine (<0.1μm), spherical, nearly monodispersed in size, extremely pure, and loosely agglomerated.