cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of seminal vesicle fluid components on sperm motility in the house mouse

Fluid obtained by stripping dissected seminal vesicles was mixed with phosphate-buffered saline and the soluble proteins were separated by gel filtration on BioRad P150 into 4 fractions. Fractions were collected and concentrated using an Amicon ultrafiltration system using YM2 membranes with a molecular weight cut-off of 1000. Epididymal sperm suspensions were incubated in medium containing one of the 4 fractions or 1 mg BSA/ml, or no added protein. After incubation for 2 h the motility of the spermatozoa in each suspension was assessed by a videomicrographic procedure. Two aspects of motility, velocity and the shape of the swimming path, were monitored. The results indicate that the seminal vesicles produce at least three factors that influence sperm motility. Fraction 3 (Mr 12,000-24,000) was detrimental to motility; after incubation for 2 h almost all the spermatozoa were immotile. Fractions 2 (Mr 25,000-40,000) and 4 (Mr 7000-12,000) both influenced the shape of the swimming path: spermatozoa incubated in Fraction 2 had straighter trajectories while those incubated in Fraction 4 showed more progressive paths with less side-to-side movement of the head about the path. These effects of factors from the seminal vesicle fluid on sperm motility may influence the way in which the spermatozoa move in the female reproductive tract and could help to explain why removal of the seminal vesicles reduces fertility in the mouse.
Validation of the human activity profile in HIV-positive individuals on HAART.

AbstractObjectives: This study tested the validity of the Human Activity Profile (HAP) in an HIV-positive population receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The HAP is a 94-item questionnaire for estimating functional capacity based on estimated metabolic equivalents for activities of daily living. Methods: Twenty-six HIV-positive participants (24 male, 2 female; age 46.0 ± 9.3 years) receiving HAART completed the HAP and an exercise protocol (Balke treadmill test). The HAP yields a maximal activity score (MAS) and adjusted activity score (AAS; MAS minus activities no longer performed). Twelve participants also completed another nonexercise questionnaire (NEx). Results: Mean maximal oxygen uptake values (VO2max) were normally distributed, similar to non–HIV-positive normative data (37.73 ± 6.95 mL O2·kg–1·min–1) and poorly correlated with MAS and AAS (r = 0.27 and ρ = 0.32, respectively), possibly due to a ceiling effect. Estimated VO2max from the NEx was not significantly different than m...
Extrahepatic synthesis of C6 in the rat is sufficient for complement-mediated hyperacute rejection of a guinea pig cardiac xenograft.

The liver is the major source of complement (C) components, but extrahepatic sources of C, such as macrophages and endothelial cells, have been hypothesized to contribute to inflammation. Our experiments demonstrate that extrahepatically produced C6 can contribute to hyperacute rejection. PVG (RT1 c ) rats rvith normal C activity (PVG (C+)) reject guinea pig cardiac xenografts in 0.5±0.2 hr, but fully C6-deficient PVG (RT1 c ) rats (PVG (C-)) reject guinea pig cardiac xenografts in 45±9 hr. PVG (C+) rats, which received liver transplants from PVG (C-) rats and retained all extrahepatic sources of C6, rejected guinea pig cardiac xenografts in 0.6±0.03 hr (n=3). PVG (C-) rats, which received bone marrow transplants from PVG (C+) rats, had C6 levels restored to 10% of that of the donor and rejected guinea pig cardiac xenografts in 9±3.2 hr (n=5). Thus, extrahepatic sources of C6 can contribute to xenograft rejection
Representing Tensor Functions with a Cholesky Transform

The tensor representation theorem provides a powerful tool for evaluating isotropic tensor-valued tensor functions. Efficient computational techniques exist when an analysis is being done in rectangular Cartesian coordinates. Introducing a Cholesky decomposition of the metric tensor permits the tensor polynomial of the tensor representation theorem, when expressed in curvilinear coordinates, to be transformed into a pseudo-Cartesian frame where these efficient algorithms apply. It also leads to accurate descriptions for the physical components of a tensor.
Semi-automatic data processing in clinical chemistry

A semi-automatic system for data processing in the Clinical Chemistry Department of the School of Pathology, Johannesburg, is outlined. Careful planning of workflow in the laboratory can provide a better interface of laboratory results with a manual cumulative reporting system in which technologists and clerks co-ordinate their activities. The system used provides a less tedious and less error-prone process via automatic printing facilities. This system achieves improved patient care in terms of quality control (delta checks) and cumulative reporting of results. Facility for accounts and administration purpose are also incorporated. In our experience, semi-automatic data processing can provide a solution to the clerical problems generated by the introduction of automatic testing equipment. Hardware costs are minimal in comparison to fully automated systems, which utilize on-line or off-line computers.
Alteration of uraninite from the Nopal I deposit, Pen˜a Blanca District, Chihuahua, Mexico, compared to degradation of spent nuclear fuel in the proposed U.S. high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

At the Nopal I uranium deposit, primary uraninite (nominally UO2+x) has altered almost completely to a suite of secondary uranyl minerals. The deposit is located in a Basin and Range horst composed of welded silicic tuff; uranium mineralization presently occurs in a chemically oxidizing and hydrologically unsaturated zone of the structural block. These characteristics are similar to those of the proposed U.S. high-level nuclear waste (HLW) repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Petrographic analyses indicate that residual Nopal I uraninite is fine grained (5–10 μm) and has a low trace element content (average about 3 wt%). These characteristics compare well with spent nuclear fuel. The oxidation and formation of secondary minerals from the uraninite have occurred in an environment dominated by components common in host rocks of the Nopal I system (e.g. Si, Ca, K, Na and H2O) and also common to Yucca Mountain. In contrast, secondary phases in most other uranium deposits form from elements largely absent from spent fuel and from the Yucca Mountain environment (e.g. Pb, P and V). The oxidation of Nopal I uraninite and the sequence of alteration products, their intergrowths and morphologies are remarkably similar to those observed in reported corrosion experiments using spent fuel and unirradiated UO2 under conditions intended to approximate those anticipated for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. The end products of these reported laboratory experiments and the natural alteration of Nopal I uraninite are dominated by uranophane [nominally Ca(UO2)2Si2O7·6H2O] with lesser amounts of soddyite [nominally (UO2)2SiO4·2H2O] and other uranyl minerals. These similarities in reaction product occurrence developed despite the differences in time and physical—chemical environment between Yucca Mountain-approximate laboratory experiments and Yucca Mountain-approximate uraninite alteration at Nopal I, suggesting that the results may reasonably represent phases likely to form during long-term alteration of spent fuel in a Yucca Mountain repository. From this analogy, it may be concluded that the likely compositional ranges of dominant spent fuel alteration phases in the Yucca Mountain environment may be relatively limited and may be insensitive to small variations in system conditions.
Alveolitis during Procarbazine, Vincristine and Cyclophosphamide Therapy

A 47-year-old man with lymphosarcoma developed severe dyspnea, radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, restrictive lung disease and diffusion impairment during therapy with procarbazine, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. Open lung biopsy demonstrated alveolitis. Cessation of therapy resulted in rapid recovery. This patient is compared with others treated with busulfan, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of caval and pulmonary venous pathways after the senning operation

Abstract This study reports the 2-dimensional echocardiographic appearance of the caval and pulmonary venous pathways after the Senning procedure in 28 patients and establishes normal values for the caval and pulmonary venous pathway dimensions. Eighteen patients had no caval or pulmonary venous obstruction or tricuspid regurgitation at catheterization; 2 had isolated superior vena caval obstruction, 3 had isolated pulmonary venous obstruction, 4 patients had severe tricuspid regurgitation, and 1 had a large residual ventricular septal defect. The caval and pulmonary venous pathways were imaged in modified 4-chamber and transverse views, and the narrowest dimension of each pathway in each view was measured by 2 independent observers. Dimension measurements were then normalized to the cube root of body surface area. Caval and pulmonary venous pathway “dimension products” were obtained by multiplying the normalized dimension in the 4-chamber view by the normalized dimension in the transverse view. All patients with catheterization-proven caval or pulmonary venous obstruction or tricuspid regurgitation had caval or pulmonary venous pathway dimension products outside the normal range, defined by our measurements in the 18 patients with no caval or pulmonary venous obstruction or tricuspid regurgitation. Thus, 2-dimensional echocardiography can provide both quantitative and qualitative information about the caval and pulmonary venous pathways after the Senning procedure.
Theory of Phase Transitions in Rare-Earth Vanadates

The crystallographic and magnetic phase transitions in the rare-earth vanadates TmV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, DyV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, and TbV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are studied. Symmetry-adapted spin Hamiltonians, involving quadrupolar and dipolar interactions, are constructed and treated in the molecular-field approximation. The competition between Jahn-Teller distortion and magnetic ordering is illustrated by the comparison of TmV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and TbP${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. The two phase transitions found in DyV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are reproduced and it is shown that a dipolar phase transition might appear in TbV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ at a very low temperature. We also determine the influence of a magnetic field applied along the various symmetry axes.
The Hemodynamic Consequences of High-Dose Thiopental Anesthesia

The hemodynamic and electroencephalographic effects of a 60 min infusion of thiopental, given at the rate of 1.25 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (total dose 75 mg/kg), were studied in 10 patients without cardiorespiratory disease undergoing surgery for the removal of large and/or deeply seated arteriovenous malformations. Data on heart rate, arterial, right atrial, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, thermodilution cardiac output (expressed as cardiac index), the electroencephalogram, arterial blood gases, and serum thiopental concentrations were collected during a sedated, resting control period, and then every 15 min during drug infusion. Lactated Ringer's solution (total volume 1-2 liters) was infused throughout the study period at rates sufficient to maintain pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at control values. In doses sufficient to render the electroencephalogram isoelectric [t approximately equal to 30 min, 37.5 mg/kg cumulative dose, serum concentration 51 +/- 17 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD)], drug infusion resulted in significant increases in heart rate (to 116% of control), and decreases in arterial pressure (to 87% of control), stroke volume index (to 87% of control), systemic resistance (84% of control), and both left and right ventricular stroke work indices (66% and 69% of control, respectively). Cardiac index was unchanged (following a transient increase at t = 15 min). There were no changes in pulmonary vascular resistance, or blood gases. A large total dose of thiopental (8-11 gm) was needed to maintain electroencephalogram suppression for the remainder of these 10-20 hr procedures, and emergence was slow (48-72 hr). The resultant prolonged ICU support may have contributed to serious postoperative complications in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of the Behavior of the Curly Tail and CBA Mouse on a Neurologic Scale

ct/ct mice are a mutation of the CBA strain with a high incidence of spina bifida (SB). Because humans with SB can exhibit abnormal behavior, we compared ct/ct and CBA mice using a neurologic assessment tool. ct/ct mice are more active and engage in more climbing, and stereotypical and compulsive behavior. When stimulated during cage removal ct/ct mice react more vigorously. ct/ct mice react more vigorously to a novel stimulus, and will vigorously search for a stable surface during visual placement. In the open field ct/ct mice crossed more lines and reared more than CBA. ct/ct mice demonstrated deficient performance in a modified Morris water maze. No differences were noted for other behaviors tested. The results argue that the mutation that produces SB in ct/ct mice also alters brain structure or chemistry. This is consistent with the findings in humans where SB can produce a variety of behavioral anomalies, most notably hyperactivity, attentional disorders, learning disabilities, and developmental lags.
Sustained Loss of a Neoplastic Phenotype by Brief Inactivation of MYC

Pharmacological inactivation of oncogenes is being investigated as a possible therapeutic strategy for cancer. One potential drawback is that cessation of such therapy may allow reactivation of the oncogene and tumor regrowth. We used a conditional transgenic mouse model for MYC-induced tumorigenesis to demonstrate that brief inactivation of MYC results in the sustained regression of tumors and the differentiation of osteogenic sarcoma cells into mature osteocytes. Subsequent reactivation of MYC did not restore the cells' malignant properties but instead induced apoptosis. Thus, brief MYC inactivation appears to cause epigenetic changes in tumor cells that render them insensitive to MYC-induced tumorigenesis. These results raise the possibility that transient inactivation of MYC may be an effective therapy for certain cancers.
Molecular aspects of healing in stabilized and non-stabilized fractures

Bone formation is a continuous process that is initiated during fetal development and persists in adults in the form of bone regeneration and remodeling. These latter two aspects of bone formation are clearly influenced by the mechanical environment. In this study we tested the hypothesis that alterations in the mechanical environment regulate the program of mesenchymal cell differentiation, and thus the formation of a cartilage or bony callus, at the site of injury. As a first step in testing this hypothesis we produced stabilized and non-stabilized tibial fractures in a mouse model, then used molecular and cellular methods to examine the stage of healing. Using the “molecular map” of the fracture callus, we divided our analyzes into three phases of fracture healing: the inflammatory or initial phase of healing, the soft callus or intermediate stage, and the hard callus stage. Our results show that indian hedgehog(ihh), which regulates aspects of chondrocyte maturation during fetal and early postnatal skeletogenesis, was expressed earlier in an non-stabilized fracture callus as compared to a stabilized callus. ihh persisted in the non-stabilized fracture whereas its expression was down-regulated in the stabilized bone. IHH exerts its effects on chondrocyte maturation through a feedback loop that may involve bone morphogenetic protein 6 [bmp6; (S. Pathi, J.B. Rutenberg, R.L. Johnson, A. Vortkamp, Developmental Biology 209 (1999) 239–253)] and the transcription factor gli3. bmp6 and gli3 were re-induced in domain adjacent to the ihh-positive cells during the soft and hard callus stages of healing. Thus, stabilizing the fracture, which circumvents or decreases the cartilaginous phase of bone repair, correlates with a decrease in ihh signaling in the fracture callus. Collectively, our results illustrate that the ihh signaling pathway participates in fracture repair, and that the mechanical environment affects the temporal induction of ihh, bmp6 and gli3. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical influences affect mesenchymal cell differentiation to bone.
Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Predictors of College Readiness and Performance: Role of Academic Discipline.

Abstract Identifying the best predictors of academic performance is crucial for postsecondary institutions seeking students with the greatest promise. We investigated the relative strength of standardized test scores (ACT), high school GPA, and non-cognitive, college readiness skills in predicting college GPA. College freshmen (505) completed the 108-item Student Readiness Inventory ( Le, Casillas, Robbins & Langley, 2005 ) and reported their high school GPA. We also obtained college GPA for 375 students from college records. In Study 1 , MANOVA results showed that students in groups with higher high school GPA or lower ACT reported increased college readiness. In Study 2 , regression analyses showed that although ACT scores predicted 13% of the variance in college GPA, high school GPA predicted an additional 11%, and Academic discipline, a non-cognitive factor, predicted an extra 2%. Further, Academic discipline partially mediated the relationship between high school GPA and college GPA. We discuss implications of identifying and assisting “at-risk” students.
Analysis of Las Vegas Strip casino hotel capacity: an inventory model for optimization

Abstract Using aggregate operation statistics of Las Vegas Strip casino hotels, this study employs a single-period inventory model to estimate the optimal room capacity for Las Vegas Strip casino hotels from 2001 to 2004. The model predicts that the Strip will experience overcapacity from 2001 to 2003 but slight undercapacity for 2004. The findings suggest that to avoid undercapacity, new casino expansions may need to be planned for the year 2004 and beyond.
Delta Front-Delta Plain Fades of the Pennsylvanian Haymond Formation, Northeastern Marathon Basin, Texas

The sandstone beds of the middle and upper parts of the Haymond Formation cropping out on the Allison Ranch, Marathon Basin, west Texas, are divisible into several genetic categories based mainly on the external morphology, arrangement and boundary relations with adjoining rocks, nature of bedding, fossil, and quartz content. The two major genetic types are sheet sands of the delta front and multiple braided distributary channel sands of the overlying delta plain facies. That the delta front was subjected to higher physical energy than the delta plain is suggested by the relatively high quartz content which increases in the more seaward facies. The stratigraphic position of these delta front and delta plain sandstones of the middle and upper Haymond overlying the prodelta sediments of the lower Haymond reflects deltaic progradation in the Marathon area during Middle Pennsylvanian time.
Content and bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy.

Study Design Descriptive bibliometric analysis. Background Content and bibliometric studies are useful for describing the publication patterns of a given profession, such as physical therapy, within the medical and allied health fields. However, few studies have conducted these analyses on specialty physical therapy journals. Objectives To conduct a content and bibliometric assessment of publications within the Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT) and report publication and citation trends over multiple years. Methods All available JOSPT manuscripts published from 1980 through 2009 were reviewed. Only research reports, topical reviews, and case reports were included in the current analysis. Articles were coded by 2 independent reviewers based on type, participant characteristics, research design, purpose, clinical condition, and intervention. We obtained additional citation information (eg, authors and institutions) from a subset of articles published from 1992 through 2009 using bibli...
The American economy in the 1980's

There are many things that could distort or completely change the picture that has been sketched of the U.S. economy in the 1980's. War and major technological innovations are two that come immediately to mind. A quick and unexpected reversal of the trends that form the basis of the picture could also, although this seems very unlikely. Or new and unanticipated socio-psychological trends could be generated which would result in a different picture than the one presented. Perhaps it appears that I have stuck my neck out in this discussion. If you think that, you are wrong; I am in a can't-lose situation. If I am right, I can always point to my statements of 1978. Since the anticipations of this paper cannot be fully judged for at least a decade, I am safe even if I am wrong. In ten years nobody except me will remember what I said today, and even I may not.
Efficacy of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (HIDA) in the Evaluation of Cholestasis in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) and Extremely Low Birth Weight(ELBW) Infants 586

Efficacy of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy (HIDA) in the Evaluation of Cholestasis in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) and Extremely Low Birth Weight(ELBW) Infants 586
A Morale Survey Project as a Group Activity In an Industrial/Organizational Course

(1983). A Morale Survey Project as a Group Activity In an Industrial/Organizational Course. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 110-112.
Coherent phase spaces. Semiclassical semantics

Abstract The category of coherent phase spaces introduced by the author is a refinement of the symplectic “category” of A. Weinstein. This category is ∗-autonomous and thus provides a denotational model for Multiplicative Linear Logic. Coherent phase spaces are symplectic manifolds equipped with a certain extra structure of “coherence”. They may be thought of as “infinitesimal” analogues of familiar coherent spaces of Linear Logic. The role of cliques is played by Lagrangian submanifolds of ambient spaces. Physically, a symplectic manifold is the phase space of a classical dynamical system, and a Lagrangian submanifold is a phase of a short-wave oscillation. Typically, Lagrangian submanifolds represent such objects as short-wave approximations of wave functions (semiclassical states) in asymptotic quantization and wave fronts in geometrical optics. The coherent phase space semantics was motivated to a large extent by methods of geometric and asymptotic quantization and suggests some interesting intuitions on Linear Logic. In particular Lagrangian submanifold-cliques of types A and A ⊥ can be interpreted as semiclassical limits of eigenstates of respectively position and momentum observables. These observables being canonically conjugate cannot be measured simultaneously, which corresponds to the idea that a formula A and its negation A ⊥ cannot both simultaneously have proofs (models). We show that the coherent phase space semantics of Linear Logic enjoys several completeness properties in general much stronger than the usual full completeness with respect to the class of dinatural transformations. These properties of completeness in conjunction with a quite natural (quasi)-physical meaning make the coherent phase space semantics an interesting object of investigation.
Community Supported Agriculture: A Commitment to a Healthier Diet

Community supported agriculture (CSA) is a model of distribution of local agricultural produce in which a farm pairs with a community group that purchases weekly “shares” of produce for a growing season, in the approximate amount of one large grocery bag per week per member. This prospective cohort study investigated whether CSA participation causes an increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables and the frequency of home-cooked meals. An e-mail-linked survey was distributed to over 10 000 individuals affiliated with a CSA-promoting organization called Just Food in New York City. Those who received and participated in the survey were a mix of active CSA members and those who may be interested in CSA but were not participating that year. Individuals were surveyed twice: before the beginning of the CSA season and about 6 weeks later. The survey administered is an augmented version of the validated National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Eating at America's Table “All Day Screener.” Of the 1278 individuals ...
End-plate desensitization: Specificity of calcium

Abstract The activation-desensitization sequence of muscle end-plate receptors induced by carbamylcholine has been studied in isotonic Ca2+ and isotonic Mg2+ Ringer solutions. Desensitization occurred more rapidly in the calcium solution although the extent of receptor activation was similar in both solutions. The results demonstrate that even in high concentration, Mg2+ does not exert an action on desensitization comparable to that of Ca2+.
Studies of optical non-linearities of chalcogenide and heavy-metal oxide glasses

Abstract We present measurements of third order optical non-linearities in heavy-metal oxide and sulfide glasses, using the z-scan, time-resolved z-scan, and spectrally resolved two-beam coupling techniques. The non-linear index of refraction is found to increase with heavy-metal and sulfide content, and the nuclear contribution to the non-linearity is found to be approximately constant at (15±3)%. The largest non-resonant non-linear index of refraction occurs in 35La2S3·65Ga2S3. It is 30 times larger than the non-linear index of refraction in fused silica.
Surface glaciochemistry of Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica and its relationship to stream chemistry

We have analysed a series of surface samples from the alpine glaciers of Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica for their geochemical composition. This was done to better establish the role of glaciochemical variation on the chemical composition of meltwater streams emanating from the glaciers. The chemistry of the snow and ice changes with proximity to the ocean and with elevation of the glacier surface. The aeolian transport of dry valley dust, as indicated by both chemical and particulate matter variations, is a major process affecting the overall glacier chemistry and the chemistry of the meltwaters. Streams originating on the western edges of the glaciers are more impacted by the aeolian input as they are in the direct path of the major regional wind direction. Our data strongly suggest that the variation in stream geochemistry in Taylor Valley is a result in part of the differences in chemical composition of glacier melt. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniquely C 4 -Saturated Graphs

For a fixed graph H, a graph G is uniquely H-saturated if G does not contain H, but the addition of any edge from $${\overline{G}}$$ to G completes exactly one copy of H. Using a combination of algebraic methods and counting arguments, we determine all the uniquely C 4-saturated graphs; there are only ten of them.
The Severity of Violence Against Men Scales

In response to the need to differentiate the effects of female and male violence, scales were developed applicable to female violence against men. Two versions of the Severity of Violence Against Men Scale (SVAMS) were devised as a counterpart to the Severity of Violence Against Women Scales (SVAWS). On 10-point rating scales, college males (N = 570) rated how serious, aggressive, abusive, violent, and threatening it would be if a woman did each of 46 acts to a man. The mean of each act across the ratings was calculated and then submitted to factor analysis. Eight factors emerged representing threats of mild, moderate, and serous violence, actual mild, minor, moderate, and serious violence and sexual violence. Community men (N = 115) rated the same acts on seriousness, aggressiveness, and abusiveness. All factors were unidimensional. Second order factor analysis confirmed that two dimensions (physical threats and actual violence) were represented. In contrast to the SVAWS, sexual violence loaded with threats of physical violence. The groups' ratings of physical and emotional harm provided the weightings for future research with student (SVAMS-S) and adult (SVAMS) samples.
Molecular genetic variation and population structure in morphologically differentiated cave and surface populations of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus.

Gammarus minus is an important component of surface spring and cave ecosystems throughout Appalachia, and is a useful indicator of the hydrology and gene flow in freshwater communities. Gammarus minus populations occupying large cave passages (> 2 km) are usually troglomorphic, having reduced eyes, fewer ommatidia, larger body size, longer antennae, and reduced pigmentation relative to surface populations. We surveyed five cave stream and 10 surface spring populations for DNA sequence variation in the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) genes with an aim towards characterizing phylogeographical structure and comparing the nature of genetic variation in cave vs. surface populations. Although standing variation at both loci was rather low within populations, a significant degree of divergence and spatial structuring of populations was observed. Levels of genetic variation within cave and spring populations differed substantially, with caves harbouring significantly less variation at the COI locus than surface springs. Codon usage bias was significantly lower in caves, indicating that cave streams harbour smaller and/or more recently colonized populations. Overall these data indicate limited gene flow among populations and suggest that the cave populations sampled in this study are prone to bottlenecks, possibly due to larger temperature fluctuations and more frequent incidence of drought conditions associated with these particular cave habitats.
Comparative sensitivity of plant root meristems to acute gamma irradiation according to stationary phase cell distribution and DNA content.

An investigation is reported which was designed to determine if radiosensitivity of the G1-S and G2-M transitions of root meristem cells of Glycine max, Helianthus annuus, Pisum sativum and Vicia faba, is correlated with the number of cells in G1 and G2 in the stationary phase after 72 hrs of sucrose starvation or with their cellular DNA content. Stationary phase roots were irradiated with 137Cs gamma radiation at doses from 100R to 1000R and were compared on the basis of delay of entry into S and M, rate of S progression, total number of cells in S and M, and transition from G1 to M and G2 to M. 1) All species indicated a decrease in total cycling cells with increasing dose and a species correlation between the number of cells in G1 and G2 and radiosensitivity. 2) Most responses indicated the following order of radiosensitivity (least sensitive first)-H. annuus, G. max, P. sativum and V. faba. The sequence correlates best with stationary phase distribution and not with DNA amounts. 3) The relative sensitivity of each cycle phase was specific for each species. H. annuus, G. max and V. faba were equally sensitive in G1 and in G2. 4) An examination of irradiated G1 cells in each species indicated the absence of latent expression of damage for either G1-S or G2-M.
Regulation of rRNA gene expression in a human familial 14p+ marker chromosome.

Chromosome studies were carried out on normal individuals from three generations of one family with a 14p+ chromosome. The short arm of the 14p+ chromosome stained well using Giemsa but poorly using quinacrine or trypsin-Giemsa methods; in each case there was an unstained secondary constriction near the distal end of the short arm. Two Ag bands of average size were present on the 14p+ short arm, indicating that there were two active nucleolus organizer regions; the Ag band near the distal end of the short arm was slightly larger than that near the centromere. Each of the two Ag bands was seen associated with the short arm of one or more of the other acrocentric chromosomes, with a combined frequency of association no greater than that of other chromosomes with an Ag band of the same size. In one individual, hybridization in situ with radioactive 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA showed six times as many autoradiographic silver grains over the short arm of the 14p+ chromosome as over that of any other acrocentric chromosome. The results obtained using in situ labeling indicated that the 14p+ chromosome had a large number of rRNA genes compared with the other acrocentric chromosomes, whereas the results obtained using Ag-staining and association frequency indicated that the 14p+ chromosome had no greater nucleolus organizer activity than did the other acrocentrics. The difference in these findings suggests that not all the rRNA genes on the 14p+ chromosome were active.
RATINGS OF PERCEPTIONS RELATED TO PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY

94 participants were asked to give their opinions about people on four issues relevant to the personality approach posited by phenomenological theorists. Participants generally appeared to express a more negative view of others' characteristics such as "goodness" than the position espoused by the theorists.
Non-isothermal chemical reaction in porous catalysts

Abstract A method of analysis is presented to obtain the asymptotic form of the conservation equations used to describe non-isothermal chemical reaction in porous catalysts. The equations for a system involving the general simple chemical reaction contain several parameters, among which is a generalized form of the Thiele parameter, h . The other parameters contain terms related to the thermal effects of the reaction, the transport properties, and the functional form of the rate expression. The solutions presented which are asymptotic in h have the advantage in most cases of indicating how the parameters influence the magnitude of the effectiveness factor and its dependence on h . The useful range of the solution is for values of h > 3.
Calcineurin plays key roles in the dimorphic transition and virulence of the human pathogenic zygomycete Mucor circinelloides.

Many pathogenic fungi are dimorphic and switch between yeast and filamentous states. This switch alters host-microbe interactions and is critical for pathogenicity. However, in zygomycetes, whether dimorphism contributes to virulence is a central unanswered question. The pathogenic zygomycete Mucor circinelloides exhibits hyphal growth in aerobic conditions but switches to multi-budded yeast growth under anaerobic/high CO2 conditions. We found that in the presence of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, Mucor exhibits exclusively multi-budded yeast growth. We also found that M. circinelloides encodes three calcineurin catalytic A subunits (CnaA, CnaB, and CnaC) and one calcineurin regulatory B subunit (CnbR). Mutations in the latch region of CnbR and in the FKBP12-FK506 binding domain of CnaA result in hyphal growth of Mucor in the presence of FK506. Disruption of the cnbR gene encoding the sole calcineurin B subunit necessary for calcineurin activity yielded mutants locked in permanent yeast phase growth. These findings reveal that the calcineurin pathway plays key roles in the dimorphic transition from yeast to hyphae. The cnbR yeast-locked mutants are less virulent than the wild-type strain in a heterologous host system, providing evidence that hyphae or the yeast-hyphal transition are linked to virulence. Protein kinase A activity (PKA) is elevated during yeast growth under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of FK506, or in the yeast-locked cnbR mutants, suggesting a novel connection between PKA and calcineurin. cnaA mutants lacking the CnaA catalytic subunit are hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors, display a hyphal polarity defect, and produce a mixture of yeast and hyphae in aerobic culture. The cnaA mutants also produce spores that are larger than wild-type, and spore size is correlated with virulence potential. Our results demonstrate that the calcineurin pathway orchestrates the yeast-hyphal and spore size dimorphic transitions that contribute to virulence of this common zygomycete fungal pathogen.
The role of citizenship, employment, and socioeconomic characteristics in health insurance coverage among Asian subgroups in the United States.

Background:Asians are the third largest and one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States.Objective:We present health insurance data for the 6 largest national subgroups: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, and Japanese. We also contrast the characteristics that result i
Carbohydrate transport in Staphylococcus aureus. II. Characterization of the defect of a pleiotropic transport mutant.

Abstract A single-gene (car−) mutant of Staphylococcus aureus, unable to transport a number of carbohydrates into the cell, was further investigated. Studies with spheroplasts eliminated any cell-wall role in the expression of the car phenotype. The defect is restricted to the transport of carbohydrates, and does not influence the transport of other molecular classes. Finally, in contrast to the permeaseless (cryptic) mutants, both active transport and diffusion of the carbohydrates are eliminated in the car− mutant. These observations are compatible with a specific permease-common carrier model of membrane transport.
Functional Analysis of SoxR Residues Affecting Transduction of Oxidative Stress Signals into Gene Expression

SoxR protein, a member of the MerR family of transcriptional activators, mediates a global oxidative stress response in Escherichia coli. Upon oxidation or nitrosylation of its [2Fe-2S] centers SoxR activates its target gene, soxS, by mediating a structural transition in the promoter DNA that stimulates initiation by RNA polymerase. We explored the molecular basis of this signal transduction by analyzing mutant SoxR proteins defective in responding to oxidative stress signals in vivo.We have confirmed that the DNA binding domain of SoxR is highly conserved compared with other MerR family proteins and functions in a similar manner to activate transcription. Several mutations in the dimerization domain of SoxR disrupted intersubunit communication, and the resulting proteins were unable to propagate redox signals to the soxS promoter. Mutations scattered throughout the polypeptide yielded proteins that were under-responsive to in vivo redox signals, which indicates that the redox properties of the [2Fe-2S] centers are influenced by global protein structure. These findings indicate that SoxR functions as a redox-responsive molecular switch in which subunit interactions transduce a subtle alteration in oxidation state into a profound change in DNA structure.
Patient Preferences for CT Colonography, Conventional Colonoscopy, and Bowel Preparation

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine patient pre-examination expectations and postexamination appraisals for CT colonography, conventional colonoscopy and bowel preparation. Methods Prospective evaluation of 120 patients at defined risk for colorectal neoplasia was performed with CT colonography followed by colonoscopy on the same day. Subjects were stratified by age and sex (67 women and 53 men) and were randomized to receive either manual air (n = 61) or CO2 (n = 59) insufflation during CT colonography. Patients’ expectations were assessed just before the two examinations, and appraisals were assessed 2 to 3 days afterward regarding pain/discomfort, embarrassment, difficulty, overall assessment, preference for future testing, and bowel preparation. Results No significant differences were found in appraisals of manual air versus CO2 insufflation techniques. For both CT colonography and colonoscopy, patients’ appraisals after the procedure were significantly more positive than prior expectations. Patients expressed more favorable appraisals of colonoscopy for pain (p Conclusions Overall appraisals were similar and positive for both CT colonography and colonoscopy, with less favorable appraisals of the bowel preparation. Most patients stated that they would prefer CT for future evaluation.
Pentecostal Prayer within the Assemblies of God: An Empirical Study

Although much has been written on theologies of healing and on evangelist healers, little is known about how pentecostals in the pew pray for healing. After placing a pentecostal understanding of healing within a larger cultural context, the relationship between prayer and healing is explored through a survey of 1827 adherents from 21 Assemblies of God (AG) congregations. The survey data will be used to provide descriptive answers to basic questions about pentecostal healing in America, including: (1) to what extent do pentecostals claim experiences of divine healing; (2) what are the socio-demographic traits related to its practice within the AG; (3) how are personal reports of divine healing related to different forms of personal prayer; and (4) what is the relationship between prayer and healing prayer experiences and being used as an instrument of healing for others. The outcome of statistical analyses using key variables strongly suggests that prophetic prayer is a leading factor in accounting for differences in reported healing experiences.
A randomized, placebo controlled, double masked phase IB study evaluating the safety and antiviral activity of aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist in HIV-1 infected adults.

Background Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists have anti-HIV activity in monocyte-derived macrophages, decrease CCR5 expression and improve natural killer cell function ex vivo. Aprepitant is a NK1R antagonist approved by FDA as an antiemetic. Methods We conducted a phase IB randomized, placebo controlled, double masked study to evaluate the safety, antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics and immune-modulatory effects of aprepitant in HIV-infected adults not receiving antiretroviral therapy, with CD4+ cell count ≥350 cells/mm3 and plasma viral load ≥2,000 copies/ml. Subjects were stratified by viral load (< vs. ≥20,000 copies/ml) and randomized within each stratum to receive aprepitant at 125 mg QD(Low), or 250 mg QD(High), or placebo(PL) for 14 days, and followed for 42 days. Results Thirty subjects were randomized and 27 completed treatment (9, 8, 10 subjects in 125 (Low), 250 (High), and PL groups). 63% were male; 37% white; mean (SD) age 43 (9.3) years. Geometric mean baseline viral load (copies/ml) for Low, High, and PL was 15,709, 33,013, and 19,450, respectively. Mean (95%CI) change in log10 viral load at day 14 for Low, High, and PL was −0.02(−0.24,+0.20), −0.05(−0.21,+0.10), and +0.04(−0.08,+0.16), respectively. The number of subjects with AEs was 4(44.4%), 5(62.5%), and 1(10%) for Low, High, and PL. No Grade 4 AEs occurred. Conclusions Adverse events of aprepitant were more common in the treated groups. At the dose used in this two-week phase IB study, aprepitant showed biological activity, but no significant antiviral activity. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00428519
Evaluating Implementation of Web-Based Teaching in Political Science

teaching purposes. Interest is increasing because, as Sheryl Burgstahler has noted, the web "provides new ways for us to teach and learn. It allows us to do new things, as well as to do traditional things in new ways" (1997, 63). Others, such as Peter Denning, associate dean for computing at George Mason University, have gone further, arguing that the rise of web-based teaching heralds the "demise of the university" (1996, 29), as information technology erodes the four traditional cornerstones of the university:
Radiopaque denture base materials technic dentures

Technic dentures were made using composite base materials containing 30,40, and 50 weight % of a silance-treated, readiopaque, powdered glass as the reinforcing filler and poly (methyl methacrylate) as the matrix. Dentures containing no glass were included for comparison. Molar-to-molar dimensional changes, effects of silance treatment fo the procelain teeth and handling and finishing characteristics were determined. Dentures containing glass had less dimensional change during curing and subsequent water storage than those without glass. Thick upper dentrues exhibited the least change and thin lowers, the most. The Differences in the magnitudes of the changes would not be clinically noticeable. Silance treatment fo the procelain teeth in thick upper dentures resulted in breakage of theposterior teeth in almost all instances. posterior teeth also freactured in thick upper dentures containing 40 and 50% of the silance-treated glass even though the teeth were not treatedwith silance. Mixing and molding properties of the composite materials, while acceptabgle, were slightly inferior to thematerial containing ono glass. Finiching characteristics were definitelyinferior in that it was more difficult and time-consuming to attain the fial surfaces and these surfaces were not as smooth as smooth as those in dentures without glass.
Assessing geographic coverage of the essential air service program

Abstract Essential air service (EAS) is a federally funded program that helps provide commercial air transport service from smaller, geographically remote communities in the United States. While critics of this program frequently cite the underutilization of EAS connections as being an indicator of wasteful public spending, recent studies suggest that the spatial configuration of EAS subsidized airports may also contribute to systemic inefficiencies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the prospects for reducing EAS allocations while meeting existing geographic service needs. The analysis of this public sector service is structured using classic location coverage problems to examine whether there are any system inefficiencies. This enables an objective assessment to be carried out, using spatial optimization modeling approaches. The subsequent analysis provides the basis for a number of public policy insights, including the evaluation of service redundancies, the impact of geographic proximity guidelines and the potential for expanding coverage of the EAS program.
MHC VARIATION IN THE ENDANGERED GILA TOPMINNOW.

Sequence variation at a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene, assumed to be involved in parasite and pathogen resistance, was examined in the endangered Gila topminnow (Poeciliopis o. occidentalis), from the four watersheds where they remain in the United States. This is the first estimate of variation in MHC genes in natural populations of an endangered species. The population that has experienced the most bottlenecks historically was monomorphic for MHC variation. Another population, which earlier had been found to be the only population polymorphic for allozymes, had five MHC alleles, four different from those found in the other populations. Overall, nine different alleles were found. The four populations were highly divergent at MHC with four of the six population pairs not sharing any alleles. However, the magnitude of differentiation between populations on the amino-acid level varied fivefold for the populations that shared no alleles. Using single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP), these alleles segregated consistently with Mendelian expectations in families. Because of the high genetic differentiation between these populations for a potentially adaptive gene, we recommend that the four watersheds be examined further for separate conservation and management.
URBANIZATION, HEALTH AND HUMAN STATURE

Economic growth has not always generated improvements in a population's health. Biological indicators of human well-being, including stature, suggest the march to prosperity was not a steady one, and these biological indicators offer estimates of the health costs associated with modern economic growth. We employ an international data set to study the socioeconomic benefits and health costs associated with the transition to modern economic growth during the nineteenth century. We find that while the growth of GDP per capita had a positive impact on the stature of Western populations, prior to the mastery of the germ theory of disease, urbanization had a strong negative impact.