cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holocene Slip Rate for the Western Segment of the Castle Mountain Fault, Alaska

The western segment of the Castle Mountain fault poses a significant seismic hazard to the most populated region of south-central Alaska. We identify a previously unrecognized margin of a postglacial outwash channel that is offset right laterally 36 ± 4 m across the western segment of the Castle Mountain fault. This offset occurred after glaciers withdrew from the lowland 11,300–15,380 cal yr b.p. and after outwash channel margins were cut and stabilized 11,210–13,470 cal yr b.p. Using these ages and the measured separation, we obtain a maximum slip rate of 3.0 ± 0.6 mm yr−1 and a minimum slip rate of 2.8 ± 0.7 mm yr−1. These are the first lateral slip rates for the Castle Mountain fault established by a field measurement. Based on timing of the most recent earthquake, 670 ± 60 yr b.p., the Castle Mountain fault could have accumulated an average single-event slip of about 1.9 m (extremes range from 1.3 to 2.6 m). The fault consists of two segments; a surface-rupturing earthquake likely will be limited to the 62-km-long western segment. Area-magnitude regression calculations suggest that such an earthquake on the western Castle Mountain fault would have a moment magnitude of 6.9 to 7.3.
Polyclonal activation of Ts cells with antiserum directed against an IGH-1 linked candidate for a T-cell receptor constant region marker.

An anti-T cell serum raised in allotype congenic mice recognizes the product of a new locus coding for a heavy chain-linked polypeptide found on a subpopulation of T cells. Anti-Tsd raised in BALB/cAnN mice against selected C.AL-20 T cells reacts with a cell surface antigen in virgin animals that is found on 25% of mature thymocytes and Lyt-bearing T cells, but not on prothymocytes, Lyt1 T cells or B cells. The antigen is restricted to strains bearing the Ig-1d and Ig-1e heavy chain allotype haplotypes, and is expressed in the F1 animal. The antigen is unlinked in expression to the Lyt2, H-2, or kappa light chain loci. The antigen is not detected in the hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and appears to mark only the mature peripheral pool of T cells. As previously reported, the antiserum blocks the binding of suppressor T cells to the cross-reactive idiotype for arsonate, while reagents specific for Fab, Fc and Ig were ineffective. It seems probable that the marker may represent a T cell constant region marker analogous to the Igh products on immunoglobulin. Antiserum against this marker induces in vivo triggering of Ts cells for a wide variety of T-dependent antigens. All subclasses of anti-hapten antibodies are suppressed; no affinity restrictions or clonotype specificity is observed in suppressed adult mice. Results suggest that precursor T cells regulating major serum idiotypes regulate individual idiotypes.
Stimulation of protein synthesis "in vitro" by transcripts of mouse myeloma chromatin

Summary Wheat germ RNA polymerase II has been used to synthesize RNA's from mouse myeloma chromatin. The newly synthesized RNA has been shown to stimulate amino acid incorporation in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from wheat embryos. RNA extracted from transcription mixtures lacking RNA polymerase did not stimulate amino acid incorporation. Analysis of translation products by gel electrophoresis indicated the synthesis of new peptides under the direction of the chromatin transcripts and analysis of tryptic digests of “in vitro” translation products revealed the presence of a peptide which comigrated with an authentic myeloma light immunoglobulin chain tryptic peptide.
Travelling waves on thin bodies

Simple formulas for locating the travelling wave peaks in the backscattering patterns of thin three- and two-dimensional bodies are developed and compared.
The effect of pressurisation of pre-rigor muscle on post-rigor meat characteristics.

Abstract Pressurisation of pre-rigor muscles produced very firm meat in muscles which had contracted to as little as 48% of their on-carcass length. Immediate post-treatment pH was 5·81, significantly lower than the controls; however, there was no significant difference at 24 h. Water holding capacity of the treated samples was significantly lower and weep significantly higher than the controls. However, cooking losses for the treated samples were lower, resulting in an over-all loss which was not different between control and treated samples. Warner-Bratzler shear tests and taste panel evaluations indicate a highly significant improvement in tenderness. Scanning electron micrographs show an extensive disruption of the sarcolemma.
THE MULTIPLE SOLITAIRE PARADIGM

Summary.-Cooperation and competition have not been adequately studied as independent variables. The Multiple Solitaire Paradigm is presented as a method for examining the differential effects of cooperation and competition on personality, situation, and task variables. The rules and procedures for using the paradigm are presented and the usefulness of the paradigm in studying the effects of instructions, reinforcement, and task interdependence on cooperation and competition is discussed. Cooperation and competition are two of the most fundamental and pervasive modes of social interaction in almost every aspect of our lives. They figure largely in our political, economic, educational, and even our romantic endeavors. So basic is their influence that some theorists have intimated that these modes greatly determined the sex roles of males and females in our predominantly competitive society (Horney, 1937). While there has been an apparent plethora of research on cooperation and competition, most of this research has focused on the very narrow area of mixed-motive game research (Cook & Stingle, 1974; Deutsch, 1973; Gallo & McClintock, 1965; Rapaport & Chammah, 1965). For instance, in his review of the variables studied by experimental games, Vinacke (1969) points out that only a very narrow range of games has been investigated. The importance of Vinacke's remark becomes apparent when it is recognized that the scope of his review unavoidably reflects this narrowness in games research and becomes, for all intents and purposes, a review of mixed-motive experimental games. Wrightsman, O'Connor, and Baker (1972), in fact, cite some 1100 references on mixed-motive games through 1970. In mixed-motive games cooperation and competition are investigated as dependent variables. The goals of the players are partially the same and partially in conflict, consequently no clear-cut understanding of the differential effects of competition and cooperation as independent variables can be obtained from mixed-motive game research. Instead the focus of mixedmotive game research is generally upon the effects of various personality factors, situational variables, and task variables upon the dependent variable of the game strategies adopted by the players, i.e., the manner and extent to which the players choose to cooperate or compete with one another. From the great emphasis of researchers upon determining what the predisposing conditions to cooperation and competition are it must be supposed that the researchers assume that cooperation and competition have distinct and
The social worlds of hyperactive (ADDH) children.

Abstract The social realm is particularly problematic for the majority of hyperactive (or attention deficit disordered) children. Typical patterns of social discordance are delineated, with the focus on interpersonal acts that are inept, irritating, immoderate, aggressive, or intense. Next, the status of these children in peer societies is described. Possible mediating mechanisms for dysfunctional social behaviors are also considered, including social cognition processes, interpersonal agendas, behavioral styles, vicarious learning, and reinforcement sensitivity. The unevenness of social skills and the domains in which hyperactive children show normal (and perhaps even superior) functioning are underscored. The final section highlights some clinical implications as well as some critical gaps in empirical knowledge about the interpersonal functioning of hyperactive children.
Weighted graphs and disconnected components: patterns and a generator

The vast majority of earlier work has focused on graphs which are both connected (typically by ignoring all but the giant connected component), and unweighted. Here we study numerous, real, weighted graphs, and report surprising discoveries on the way in which new nodes join and form links in a social network. The motivating questions were the following: How do connected components in a graph form and change over time? What happens after new nodes join a network -- how common are repeated edges? We study numerous diverse, real graphs (citation networks, networks in social media, internet traffic, and others); and make the following contributions: (a) we observe that the non-giant connected components seem to stabilize in size, (b) we observe the weights on the edges follow several power laws with surprising exponents, and (c) we propose an intuitive, generative model for graph growth that obeys observed patterns.
Dynamic control of the N queueing network with application to shipbuilding

The US shipbuilding industry faces challenges of building ships on time and within budgeted cost. We introduce an operational flexibility to shipbuilding to improve the system control. We model the flexible ship production system as an ‘N’ queueing network. However, the ‘N’ network model still lacks effective and computationally lightweight policies, especially with non-preemption. We use a Markov Decision Process (MDP) to gain structural insights into the optimal control policy. We develop a state dependent Optimal Threshold policy and benchmark it against other policies to show its excellent robustness and effectiveness. Our extensive test suite shows that (1) the Optimal Threshold policy performs the best in all the heuristics we tested; and (2) the cost of the system under control of this threshold policy is very close to the optimal cost calculated by the MDP. To calculate the exact optimal threshold level is difficult; therefore, we develop a birth-death process to determine a Analytical threshold l...
An expert system for the recommendation of visual aids

This paper describes the design and development of an expert system that aids in the recommendation of computer access technology visual aids for the severely visually handicapped. The primary focus here is on a description of the frame structure used to represent the knowledge base and the accompanying search strategy which takes advantage of this frame structure.
The dynamics of housing tenure choice: Lessons from Germany and the United States

Abstract This paper investigates the likelihood and timing of housing tenure choice dynamics including both the initial transition to homeownership, and possible transitions back to rental tenure and to an additional owned home. This is done across the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Further, housing price data is added for both countries. For the US, data from the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and Census data were used construct measures of house price appreciation and the relative cost of owning to renting. For Germany, proprietary data from BulwienGesa AG was used to construct comparable indices. Observed differentials in tenure transitions appear to be consistent with the differences in housing and mortgage market conditions, as well as the tax treatment of owned homes across the two nations. In particular, while there is substantial house price appreciation in the US, on average house prices fall over the same period in Germany. In addition, mortgage interest is not tax deductible in Germany, alternative mortgage options available in the US are not prevalent there, and down payment requirements are much greater. Consequently, German households have a much lower probability of homeownership and there is only a small likelihood of those who initially achieve homeownership returning to rental tenure or moving to another owned home. In contrast, households in the United States have a very high likelihood of homeownership, but the housing market appears much more volatile with a high likelihood that households will return to rental tenure, and subsequently achieve homeownership for a second time during the period of observation.
Mapping resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in cultivated tetraploid cotton using RGA-AFLP analysis

Diseases cause significant losses in cotton production throughout the US Cotton Belt. Growing resistant cultivars can significantly improve cotton yields and effectively reduce production inputs. Disease resistance (R) genes have been isolated in numerous plant species and the R genes with domains of nucleotide binding sites (NB) and leucine rich repeats (LRR) represent the largest R gene family. Degenerate primers designed based on conserved motifs of plant disease resistance genes were used alone or in combination with AFLP primers to analyze disease resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Pima (Gossypium barbadense) 3–79 and Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) line NM 24016. Eighty-eight polymorphic RGA markers were amplified by 8 pairs of RGA degenerate primers, while 131 polymorphic RGA-AFLP markers were produced from six pairs of RGA-AFLP primer combinations. Of the 219 polymorphic RGA and RGA-AFLP markers that were identified, 212 were assigned to 18 chromosomes and linkage groups based on existing SSR markers that are on known chromosomes. However, the RGA and RGA-AFLP markers are not evenly distributed among chromosomes in that 189 RGA and RGA-AFLP markers (88%) are assigned onto three “giant” chromosomes, i.e., C6, C12, and C15, suggesting RGA clusters in the cotton genome. Several RGA and RGA-AFLP markers were mapped to the same linkage group carrying a root-knot nematode resistance gene. The identification and mapping of RGA and RGA-AFLP markers provide a framework to facilitate marker-assisted selection of disease resistance in cotton breeding and to understand the physical relationship of cotton resistance genes.
Head and neck cancer in South Asia: macroeconomic consequences and the role of surgery.

Abstract Background Head and neck cancer, for which the diagnosis and treatment are often surgical, comprises a substantial proportion of the burden of disease in South Asia. Further, estimates of surgical volume suggest this region faces a critical shortage of surgical capacity. We aimed to estimate the total economic welfare losses due to the morbidity and mortality of head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh for 1 year (2010). Methods We used publicly available estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation regarding the morbidity and mortality of head and neck cancer in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, along with an economic concept termed the value of a statistical life, to estimate total economic welfare losses due to head and neck cancer in the aforementioned countries in the year 2010. The counterfactual scenario is absence of disease. Sensitivity analyses were done with regard to how the value of a statistical life changes with income. Findings In 2010, the most conservative estimate of economic welfare losses due to head and neck cancer in the three studied countries is US$16·9 billion (2010 USD, PPP), equivalent to 0·26% of their combined gross domestic product (GDP). The welfare losses experienced by the population younger than 70 years of age accounted for US$15·2 billion (90% of the total losses). When adjusted for the size of their respective economies, Bangladesh, the poorest of the three countries, incurred the greatest loss (US$930 million), equivalent to 0·29% of its GDP. India and Pakistan experienced welfare losses of US$14·1 billion and US$1·9 billion, respectively. These figures are equivalent to 0·26% of the GDP for both countries. Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer made up the largest share of the total burden at 39% (US$6·6 billion), followed closely by oral cavity cancer at 34% (US$5·7 billion). Interpretation The burden of non-communicable diseases, to which cancer contributes greatly, is growing at a rapid pace in South Asia. Head and neck cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in this region, and this study suggests that the associated economic welfare losses, estimated to be US$16·9 billion in 2010 alone, are substantial. A number of strategies are available to address this burden. Surgery, as part of a multidisciplinary approach that includes radiation therapy and chemotherapy, plays a central part in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer, and building surgical capacity, which offers large economies of scope and scale, can not only address the burden of head and neck cancer, but also create a platform for beginning to confront the rising tide of non-communicable diseases. Funding None.
Immediate Effect of Short-foot Exercise on Dynamic Balance of Subjects with Excessively Pronated Feet

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effect of short-foot exercise (SFE) on the dynamic balance of subjects with excessively pronated feet. [Subjects] This study included 18 subjects with excessively pronated feet (navicular drop ≥ 10 mm) selected using the navicular drop test. [Methods] The limit of stability (LOS) was measured to determine the changes in the dynamic balance from before and after SFE in the standing and sitting positions. [Result] After the SFE, LOS increased significantly in all areas, namely, the left, right, front, back, and overall. [Conclusion] SFE immediately improved the dynamic balance of subjects with excessively pronated feet. Subsequent studies will be conducted to examine the effects of SFE performed over the long term on postural stability.
Modeling the effect of chip failures on cache memory systems

Two statistical models are developed to estimate the effect of chip failures on cache memory systems. The first one predicts the degradation in the expected Read time taking into account the different failure modes of a memory chip. It is seen that there is a significant degradation in the expected access time after only four weeks of operation even if failed words are deallocated. The second model estimates the degradation in the Miss ratio due to the deallocation of failed sections of cache. Both models can help in setting suitable preventive maintenance schedules as well as in making design decisions.
Treatment of neonatal hypertension with enalaprilat

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Design of half-rate clock and data recovery circuits for optical communication systems

This paper describes the design of two half-rate clock and data recovery circuits for optical receivers. Targeting the data rate of 10-Gb/s, the first implementation incorporates a ring oscillator and a linear phase detector whereas the second implementation uses a multiphase LC oscillator and a bang-bang phase/frequency detector. Fabricated in 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the power consumption of each of the circuits is less than 100 mW. The rms jitter of the output clock for the two prototypes is 1 ps and 0.8 ps, respectively, while the latter achieves a capture range of more than 14%.
Gender Bias in Theiler’s Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease Correlates with the Level of Antiviral Immune Responses

Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease of the CNS and shows a sex-biased distribution in which 60–75% of all cases are female. A mouse model of multiple sclerosis, Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease, also displays a gender bias. However, in the C57L/J strain of mice, males are susceptible to disease whereas females are completely resistant. In this study we determined the gender differences in the TMEV-specific immune response, which may be responsible for the gender bias in clinical disease. Our data clearly demonstrate that female C57L/J mice induce significantly higher levels of TMEV-specific neutralizing Ab as well as a stronger peripheral T cell response throughout the course of viral infection. In contrast, male mice have a higher level of TMEV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the CNS as well as viral persistence. These results suggest that a higher level of the initial antiviral immune response in female mice may be able to effectively clear virus from the periphery and CNS and therefore prevent further disease manifestations. Male mice in contrast do not mount as effective an immune response, thereby allowing for eventual viral persistence in the CNS and continuous T cell expansion leading to clinical symptoms.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Adolescents Is Real: Comment on “Spectrum of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Presentation in Adolescents”

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in Adolescents Is Real C hang and colleagues 1 from The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions have provided us with a very helpful review of TOS occurring in adolescent patients. While a limited number of similar studies have previously been published, this is by far the largest series and large enough, I think, to provide meaningful data. Thoracic outlet syndrome is a “fuzzy” diagnosis; it is a real entity but one that is difficult to diagnose and that overlaps with multiple other problems. In adults, results are sometimes poor and the waters muddy. To a large extent, this is because adults often have numerous other factors in play, including liability and secondary gain issues, substance dependency and/or abuse, chronic regional pain syndrome, and underlying psychological disorders. The beauty of treating adolescents is that these factors are almost never in play; apart from the occasional case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, adolescents with complaints of TOS have clear, unequivocal problems. Chang et al make 2 major points. First, adolescents present much more often with vascular (venous or arterial) TOS. This is most likely because they are more often athletes (venous TOS) and because congenital problems more frequently present early in life rather than in adulthood (arterial TOS). In turn, both entities are easier to treat and have better success rates than does neurogenic TOS. Second, all these patients have very good outcomes. I suspect that this is a result not only of the high percentage of vascular TOS but also of the factor cited in the previous paragraph—that these patients tend to have “clean” problems, without much of the baggage we are all used to dealing with in adults with TOS. Our experience in Rochester parallels this exactly: I am very happy to see a young patient walk through the door of our TOS clinic. The Hopkins experience provides a wealth of useful information. Most important, it lets us know that adolescents with TOS have excellent outcomes. Never make the mistake of denying a life-changing intervention to this group of patients just because of their age!
Cultural geographies of grievance and war: Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast region in the first Sandinista revolution, 1926–1934

From late 1926 to early 1934, the Nicaraguan nationalist leader General Augusto C. Sandino (1895–1934) sought to bridge a historical cultural boundary by bringing his social revolutionary project from the region of Las Segovias in Western Nicaragua to the country’s Atlantic Coast region. This article examines these efforts and the reception of the peoples of the Atlantic Coast (Costenos) to Sandino’s rebellion against US intervention in Nicaragua and Latin America. Intervening in a series of debates stretching back to the 1980s and before, the author consults a wide range of primary sources to argue that a critical mass of Costenos rejected Sandino’s brand of Nicaraguan nationalism in favor of their own forms of historically rooted struggle meant to enhance their communities’ autonomy, independence, power, and dignity in the face of multiple internal and external threats and opportunities. The responses of Miskitu Indians and Spanish-speaking wage laborers receive special attention, as do regional variations in political economies and sociocultural geographies. The essay builds on recent scholarship emphasizing the cultural and historical agency of Costenos in shaping their own history and is published in tandem with an online documentary and interpretive annex offering open access to over 2,000 digital images of nearly 1,000 primary documents from archives and repositories in the United States, Nicaragua, and Great Britain, at www.SandinoRebellion.com.
Etching Reactions at Solid Surfaces

An understanding of etching reactions in a plasma environment requires a knowledge of: (1) the types of gas phase particles which react at the surface, (2) the etch products formed, and (3) the processes which lead from reactants to products. Experimental data relavant to these topics are reviewed in this paper. A conceptual framework for understanding the etching reaction is reviewed and it is shown that the experimental data presently available is consistent with this framework. The influence of ion bombardment on etching reactions is extensively discussed.
BPD computation and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) of Hammerstein plants

A large class of control strategies relies on computation of the output gradient vector. Recently the concept of block partial derivatives (BPD) and the associated algebra have been introduced to facilitate the computation of the gradient vector in nonlinear systems. The derivation presented in that reference, however, cannot easily be applied to control plants with known structure. In this paper, we propose a simpler procedure for BPD computation. The proposed BPD computation procedure is then applied to derive MRAC schemes for Hammerstein plant. The choice of design parameters based on local stability are provided and results of simulation study are reported.
Relationships of criminality and psychopathy with eight other apparent behavioral manifestations of sub-optimal arousal

Abstract The application of arousal theory to the study of criminality and psychopathy leads one to hypothesize that any behavior reflecting sub-optimal arousal should be more common among criminals and psychopaths than among their counterparts. In the present literature review, consistent support was found for this hypothesis by indicating the existence of substantial associations between criminality/psychopathy and the following eight behavior patterns: (1) resistance to punishment, (2) poor academic performance,or performance below intellectual potential, (3) impulsiveness, or minimal persistence at task assigned and coordinated by others, (4) childhood hyperactivity, (5) risk taking and sensation seeking, (6) recreation drug use, (7) preference for active social interactions, and (8) preference for broad-ranging sexual experiences and unstable pair bonding tendencies. Also consistent with arousal theory were numerous studies indicating that these eight behavior patterns were intercorrelated with one another. The conclusion suggested by this review was that criminality and psychopathy exists as part of a multi-variable cluster of behavior patterns which is a manifestation of sub-optimal arousal.
Planning for health promotion in low-income preschool child care settings: focus groups of parents and child care providers.

Objective To identify potentially successful strategies, barriers, and facilitators for health promotion in preschool child care settings. Methods We conducted 6 focus groups including each of the following: parents of children attending child care centers and home-based family child care (2 in English, 1 in Spanish) and directors of child care centers and family child care providers (2 in English, 1 in Spanish). Systematic thematic analysis was conducted to generate themes to address study questions. Results A total of 24 parents and 45 child care providers, serving predominantly urban, low-income children in Boston, participated. Parents and child care providers agreed that in-person group discussions would be the most effective strategy for providing health education information to parents. Several barriers that could affect implementation emerged. First, some providers expressed frustration toward parents' attitudes about child safety and health. Second, there was diversity of opinion among providers on whether conducting health promotion activities was consistent with their training and role. In addition, literacy, language, and cultural barriers were identified as potential barriers to health promotion in child care. Conclusions In order to be successful, health promotion strategies in child care settings will need to overcome tensions between providers and parents, allow professional growth of child care providers to serve in a health promotion role, and better integrate external health resources and personnel. Group sessions and peer learning opportunities that are culturally and linguistically sensitive are potentially successful strategies for implementation of health promotion interventions for many parents.
Solvent reclaiming by crystallization of potassium sulfate

Abstract Residual SO2 accumulates as sulfate in aqueous amine used for CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants. This paper reports research results on a new process to remove this sulfate by crystallization of K2SO4. The K2SO4 solubility in CO2 loaded aqueous amine solutions was measured and correlated with an empirical relationship and with the electrolyte-NRTL model in AspenPlus®. The volume median particle size of K2SO4 by continuous crystallization ranges from 90 to 340 m. A case study of the new reclaiming process was done in AspenPlus®and the total estimated cost to remove sulfate is about $ 1.1/ton CO2.
Anorexia nervosa in black adolescents.

The incidence of anorexia nervosa in black youth is believed to be extremely low to negligible. We report on two cases of adolescent black female patients, seen over a 6-month period, who developed anorexia nervosa. Literature on the epidemiology of this disorder is reviewed with special attention to references to blacks. Unique characteristics of our two patients and one other reported at length in the literature are also discussed, as well as questions about the possible rising incidence of this disorder among blacks.
Likelihood of being seen within emergency departments’ assigned urgency times for poisoned and injured individuals

The objective of the present study is to determine the likelihood of injured or poisoned patients in special populations, such as those patients that are elderly and self-injurious, being seen within an emergency department’s triage nurse assigned urgency. Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2007) was utilized in this study. Multi-level models and multivariate linear regression models were used; patient age, sex, reported pain levels, wait time, and injury type were examined as potential predictors of being seen within assigned urgency. From a random sample across all US Emergency Departments, 5616 patients nested in 312 hospital emergency departments were included into the study. Typically, approximately 1 in 5 emergency department patients were not seen within their triage nurse assigned urgencies. The typical patient in the average hospital had an 81% likelihood of being seen within their assigned urgency. P atients who were oldest [odds ratio (OR)=0.0990] and had self-inflicted injuries ( vs assault OR=1.246 and OR=1.596) had the least likelihood to be seen within their assigned urgencies. As actual wait-time increased for patients, they were less likely to be seen within their assigned urgencies. The most powerful predictors of the study’s outcome were injury type and age, indicating that patients from special populations such as the elderly or those with injuries resulting from deliberate self-harm are less likely to be actually priority patients independent of triage nurse assigned urgencies.
HYBRIDIZATION OF MACROCYSTIS (PHAEOPHYTA) WITH OTHER FLOAT-BEARING KELPS1,2

Sporophytes were produced in 22 out of 23 attempts to cross Macrocystia angustifolia Bory with Pelagophycus porra (Lemon) Setchell. Representative samples of these plants were raised in a surge-tank under greenhouse conditions to several meters in length. The plants resulting from this intergeneric cross were intermediate in morphology between the parental genera. The intermediate plants were similar to those found fry one of the authors (MN) in 1957, and by others since then, in California kelp beds where Macrocystis and Pelagophycus co-occur, A cross between M. angustifolia and Nereocystis luetkeana (Mertens) P. & R., also produced normal sporophytes. The taxonomic, evolutionary, morphogenetic and genetic implications of these hybridizations are discussed.
The Communist Party of Russia Rural Support and Implications for the Party System

Using survey data from 800 rural households in Russia, this article examines and compares characteristics of the rural Communist supporter and the non-Communist supporter along economic and social dimensions. The analysis shows that significant differences do not exist between these two cohorts, suggesting that it will be difficult for Communist candidates to exploit the misery of the market in future elections. If the Communist Party, as the strongest opposition party, has weaknesses in its rural base of electoral support, the implication for the party system is that it is likely to remain weak, power will remain vested in the Kremlin, and parties will find it difficult to balance executive influence.
Advances in the management of closed head injury

The management of closed head injury has improved recently. Mortality rates for severe trauma are lower and outcomes are more favorable. Advances are related to improved diagnostic tools, such as computerized tomography scanning, aggressive supportive care, standardized evaluation criteria, and program-oriented rehabilitation. Further progress depends on sophisticated triage, including delivery of the patient to an experienced head-injury unit, as well as successful manipulation of cellular and subcellular processes to maintain brain homeostasis. Recent developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of closed head injury are reviewed, and promising research avenues are discussed.
FOXO regulates RNA interference in Drosophila and protects from RNA virus infection

Small RNA pathways are important players in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. These pathways play important roles in all aspects of cellular physiology from development to fertility to innate immunity. However, almost nothing is known about the regulation of the central genes in these pathways. The forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors is a conserved family of DNA-binding proteins that responds to a diverse set of cellular signals. FOXOs are crucial regulators of cellular homeostasis that have a conserved role in modulating organismal aging and fitness. Here, we show that Drosophila FOXO (dFOXO) regulates the expression of core small RNA pathway genes. In addition, we find increased dFOXO activity results in an increase in RNA interference (RNAi) efficacy, establishing a direct link between cellular physiology and RNAi. Consistent with these findings, dFOXO activity is stimulated by viral infection and is required for effective innate immune response to RNA virus infection. Our study reveals an unanticipated connection among dFOXO, stress responses, and the efficacy of small RNA-mediated gene silencing and suggests that organisms can tune their gene silencing in response to environmental and metabolic conditions.
Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Job Satisfaction And The Moderating Effect Of Job-Related Self-Esteem: A Latent Variable

The relationship between job-related self-esteem, role ambiguity, role conflict, and job satisfaction for a national sample (n=216) of certified public accountants (CPAs) was examined. Job-related self-esteem is concerned with the evaluation that the individual makes regarding the influence of the individuals job on how they view themselves. The Rosenberg (1965) global self-esteem scale was modified to reflect job-related aspects. Linear structural relations (LISREL) was used to examine the relationships between job-related self-esteem, role ambiguity, role conflict, and job satisfaction. Job-related self-esteem was found to not be directly related to job satisfaction with role ambiguity and role conflict were controlled for. Job-related self-esteem was found to be an independent predictor of role ambiguity and role conflict.
Placental epigenetic patterning of glucocorticoid response genes is associated with infant neurodevelopment

Aim: To determine associations between methylation of NR3C1, HSD11B2, FKBP5 and ADCYAP1R1 and newborn neurobehavioral outcomes. Methods: In 537 newborns, placental methylation was quantified using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Profiles of neurobehavior were derived via the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scales. Using exploratory factor analysis, the relationships between methylation factor scores and neurobehavioral profiles were examined. Results: Increased scores of the factor characterized by NR3C1 methylation were associated with membership in a reactive, poorly regulated profile (odds ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.00–2.18), while increased scores of the factor characterized by HSD11B2 methylation reduced this risk. Conclusion: These results suggest that coordinated regulation of these genes influences neurobehavior and demonstrates the importance of examining these alterations in a harmonized fashion.
Health information technology and patient outcomes: the role of information and labor coordination

Health information technology (IT) adoption, it is argued, will dramatically improve patient care. We study the impact of hospital IT adoption on patient outcomes focusing on the role of patient and organizational heterogeneity. We link detailed hospital discharge data on all Medicare fee-for-service admissions from 2002–2007 to detailed hospital-level IT adoption information. For all IT-sensitive conditions, we find that health IT adoption reduces mortality for the most complex patients but does not affect outcomes for the median patient. Benefits from health IT are primarily experienced by patients whose diagnoses require cross-specialty care coordination and extensive clinical information management.
Progressive Collapse Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Structures

Experimental and analytical studies on a two-span fixed-end RC beam, designed satisfying the ACI structural integrity requirements and subjected to increasing vertical displacement at the middle, demonstrate the development of compressive and tensile membrane actions. Progressive collapse resistance of an actual 11-story reinforced concrete structure following a severe initial damage is studied experimentally and analytically. The initial damage was caused by simultaneous explosion (removal) of four first floor neighboring columns and two second floor perimeter deep beam segments. The structure resisted progressive collapse with a maximum permanent vertical displacement at the top of the exploded columns of only about 56 mm (2.2 in.). Beam growth and in turn the development of the beam axial compressive force are modeled and discussed. It is demonstrated that such axial compressive force can significantly affect progressive collapse resistance of the structure. In the actual 6-story structure discussed in this chapter, the development of bidirectional Vierendeel (frame) action is identified as the dominant mechanism in redistribution of loads. This is because of the existence of moment connections and the interaction between beams with columns and infill walls; critical beams deform in double curvature and provide the shear resistance needed to redistribute the loads.
Upgrade and Requalification of an Ultra-low Flow Low Uncertainty Gas Leak Measurement System.

The Accumulate Dump System (ADS) at Sandia National Laboratories is a high accuracy system designed to measure the volume flow rate of gas leak artifacts using fundamental quantities. One major adv...
A fast high-precision six-degree-of-freedom relative position sensor

Lasers are commonly used in high-precision measurement and profiling systems. Some laser measurement systems are based on interferometry principles, and others are based on active triangulation, depending on requirements of the application. This paper describes an active triangulation laser measurement system for a specific application wherein the relative position of two fixed, rigid mechanical components is to be measured dynamically with high precision in six degrees of freedom (DOF). Potential applications include optical systems with feedback to control for mechanical vibration, such as target acquisition devices with multiple focal planes. The method uses an array of several laser emitters mounted on one component. The lasers are directed at a reflective surface on the second component. The reflective surface consists of a piecewise-planar pattern such as a pyramid, or more generally a curved reflective surface such as a hyperbolic paraboloid. The reflected spots are sensed at 2-dimensional photodiode arrays on the emitter component. Changes in the relative position of the emitter component and reflective surface will shift the location of the reflected spots within photodiode arrays. Relative motion in any degree of freedom produces independent shifts in the reflected spot locations, allowing full six-DOF relative position determination between the two component positions. Response time of the sensor is limited by the read-out rate of the photodiode arrays. Algorithms are given for position determination with limits on uncertainty and sensitivity, based on laser and spot-sensor characteristics, and assuming regular surfaces. Additional uncertainty analysis is achievable for surface irregularities based on calibration data.
Ftir Investigations of Plasma Modified Polymer Surfaces and Their Interfaces with Plasma Deposited Tungsten

Surface modifications of thin polyimide films (100–2000 A˚) in downstream microwave CF4/NF3/Ar plasmas and radio-frequency (RF) CF4 plasmas have been studied in situ by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflection-absorption spectroscopy. The downstream microwave plasma treatment produced significant surface fluorination in terms of polyfluorinated alkyl and aryl compounds as well as acyl and benzoyl fluorides. The depth of fluorination was approximately 500 A. Similar changes in polymer surface functionalities were observed for RF plasma surface modifications, but the depth of fluorination was reduced to 30A because of ion-bombardment. The interface between the tungsten film and polyimide surfaces has been characterized by ex situ FTIR reflection-absorption technique through the silicon side of Si/polymer/W structures. The observed spectral changes relative to polyimide-gold interfaces were interpreted in terms of interactions of tungsten with functionalities of the polyimde backbone. Tungsten deposited by both sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) showed significant chemical interactions, strongest for PECVD tungsten.
IFNα induces the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in human prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer, like other types of cancer, is associated with the loss of cell cycle control, resulting in unregulated growth of cells. We report here on the inhibitory effects of interferon alpha (IFN alpha) on the cell cycle of prostate cancer cells, using the human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145 that has mutations in the tumor suppressor genes pRB, p53 and KAI1. IFN alpha inhibited growth and colony formation of DU145 cells and analysis by flow cytometry suggests that IFN alpha inhibited the progression of these cancer cells from the G1 through S phase of the cell cycle. IFN alpha treatment of DU145 cells reduced cyclin dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) activity. In particular, cyclin E dependent cdk2 activity was inhibited by IFN alpha treatment. IFN alpha treatment, however, did not affect the amount of cdk2 bound to cyclin E. Consistent with this data, IFN alpha was able to induce expression of the kinase inhibitor p21 in DU145 cells. Furthermore, IFN treatment increased the amounts of p21 complexed with cdk2 in these cells. These data support a role for p21 in mediating the antiproliferative action of IFN alpha. The induction of p21 and its growth inhibitory effects in DU145 cells appears independent of p53, pRB and KAI1 status.
The Effect of Testicular Torsion on Contralateral Testis and the Production of Antisperm Antibodies in Rabbits

AbstractIt has been previously shown that unilateral testis torsion can cause disruptive anatomic changes in the contralateral testis of rats. This study was conducted to duplicate these findings in rabbits and analyze their serum for the production of the immunoglobulin G class of antisperm antibodies and determine whether the proposed immune response demonstrated by contralateral anatomic testis changes was mediated by these antibodies. New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 8 groups. One had a sham operation, 1 had testis biopsy, 3 groups had ligation of the right testicular vessels with subsequent orchiectomy in 2 groups at 36 and 72 hours, and 3 groups had 720-degree torsion of the right testis. Half of the animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks and the other half after 8 weeks. Contralateral histology was analyzed in all rabbits and only those with torsion showed abnormal tubular architecture and defective spermatogenesis. Detorsion at 36 hours and 96 hours did not protect against contralateral ...