cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P282: Increased Nuclear Localization of Fyn May Limit the Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide by Interfering with Nrf2 Signaling

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) therapy reduces myocardial infarct size by up to 56% in non-diabetic mice. Here, we sought to examine if H2S could provide cardioprotection in the setting of diabetes. Methods and Results: Diabetic mice (db/db) were subjected to 30 min of left coronary artery occlusion (LCA) followed by reperfusion for 24 hours at which time the extent of myocardial infarction was evaluated. Sodium sulfide (Na2S, 100 μ g/kg) administered at the time of reperfusion decreased infarct size relative the area-at-risk by 18% compared to vehicle treated animals (p<0.001). Previously, Na2S has been shown to increase the nuclear localization of Nrf-2 and upregulates its downstream target, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, in non-diabetic mice. To investigate if this cascade contributed to the observed cardioprotection, Na2S was administered (tail vein) to non-diabetic and diabetic mice and heart tissue was excised 1 hr and 24 hrs later. One hr following the administration of Na2S, the nuclear expression of Nrf2 was increased in both groups. In contrast, Na2S only increased the expression of HO-1 (24 hrs) in the non-diabetic heart. Further studies investigating Fyn, a tyrosine kinase known to inhibit Nrf2 signaling, revealed an upregulation of nuclear Fyn expression in the diabetic heart compared to the non-diabetic heart. Conclusion: This data demonstrates the complexity of therapeutic intervention for diabetics following myocardial ischemia, as the robust cardioprotective effects of H2S in the non-diabetic state were found to be diminished in the diabetic state. This data also suggests that interference of Nrf2 signaling by Fyn may be responsible for the loss of protection. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
MEASUREMENT OF THE TWO-PHOTON DECAY OF THE K/sub L/$sup 0$ MESON.

A measurement of the rate $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma})$ has been made relative to the rates $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}})$, and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{e}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e})$ in a spark-chamber scintillation-counter experiment. Using published branching ratios of the three-body decays relative to the rate $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})$, the branching ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})}$ has been found to be (4.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.0) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, based on 23 valid decays, which were separated from a small background.
Artificial rainfall increases herbivory on an externally defended forb

Plants have a variety of herbivore resistance traits, including a diverse array of chemicals, either inside plant tissues or on plant surfaces. External chemical defenses are common and widespread, though understudied as a class. One potential selective force on these defenses is their potential for abiotic dislodgement given their exposed position. I tested whether abiotic removal (artificial rainfall) leads to increased herbivory in the annual chenopod Atriplex rosea. This plant, like other chenopods, has specialized secretory trichomes, which secrete water-soluble herbivore resistance compounds onto the plant’s surfaces. Consistent with this hypothesis, I found significantly greater chewing herbivory in plants which received artificial rainfall compared to no-rainfall controls and a below-leaf water control. This simple experiment demonstrates that abiotic factors can directly change the efficacy of a resistance trait.
Perioperative strokes following combined coronary artery bypass grafting and carotid endarterectomy: A nationwide perspective.

Background: To assess the risk of perioperative stroke on in-hospital morbidity and mortality following combined coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Materials and Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for all patients who underwent CABG with CEA were identified using ICD-9 codes. Combined procedures were identified as CEA and CABG procedures that happened on the same day. Various preoperative and perioperative risk factors and their association with in-hospital mortality and morbidity were studied. Results: A total of 8457 patients underwent combined CABG and CEA from 1999 to 2011. The average age of the patient population was 69.98 years. A total of 6.17% (n = 521) of the patients developed perioperative strokes following combined CABG and CEA. An in-hospital mortality of 4.96% and morbidity of 66.35% was observed in the patient cohort. Patients with perioperative strokes showed a mortality of 19% and a morbidity of 89.34%. Other notable risk factors for in-hospital mortality and morbidity were heart failure, paralysis, renal failure, coagulopathy, weight loss and fluid and electrolyte disturbances, and postoperative myocardial infarction. Conclusion: A strong association was found to exist between perioperative stroke and in-hospital mortality and morbidity after combined CABG and CEA. CEA procedures are thought to mitigate the high stroke rate of 3-5% post-CABG, but our study found that combined procedures exhibit a similar stroke risk undercutting their effectiveness. Further investigative studies on combined CABG+CEA are needed to assess risk-stratification for better patient selection and examine other preventative strategies to minimize the risk of ischemic strokes.
Partition dependence in development: Are children's decisions shaped by the arbitrary grouping of options?

The grouping of options into arbitrary categories influences adults’ decisions about allocating choices or resources among those options; this is called “partition dependence.” Partition dependence...
On Block-Reference Coherent Diffraction Imaging

We show the advantage of the constant block-reference over alternatives for extended-reference CDI in terms of noise stability and physical feasibility.
Quantitative Radiofrequency Analysis of Sonicated Echo Contrast Agents

Quantitative perfusion imaging is critically important for the evaluation and management of medical therapy. Sonicated microbubble echo contrast agents make ultrasound perfusion imaging a real, and potentially more economic, alternative to more conventional techniques (X-ray angiography, cine-CT, radioisotopes, and Magnetic Resonance). Sonicated microbubbles are excellent ultrasound reflectors and they flow unimpeded through the capillary circulation (because of their uniformly small size). This paper reviews the major issues in the ongoing development of quantitative echo contrast perfusion imaging.
Influence of nanoporosity on the nature of hydroxyapatite formed on bioactive calcium silicate model glass.

For hard tissue regeneration, the bioactivity of a material is measured by its ability to induce the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) under physiological conditions. It depends on the dissolution behavior of the glass, which itself is determined by the composition and structure of glass. The enhanced HA growth on nanoporous than on nonporous glass has been attributed by some to greater specific surface area (SSA), but to nanopore size distribution by others. To decouple the influence of nanopore size and SSA on HA formation, we have successfully fabricated homogeneous 30CaO-70SiO2 (30C70S) model bioactive glass monoliths with different nanopore sizes, yet similar SSA via a combination of sol-gel, solvent exchange, and sintering processes. After incubation in PBS, HA, and Type-B carbonated HA (HA/B-CHA) form on nanoporous monoliths. The XPS, FTIR, and SEM analyses provide the first unambiguous demonstration of the influence of nanopore size alone on the formation pathway, growth rate, and microstructure of HA/CHA. Due to pore-size limited diffusion of PO4 3- , two HA/CHA formation pathways are observed: HA/CHA surface deposition and/or HA/CHA incorporation into nanopores. HA/CHA growth rate on the surface of a nanoporous glass monolith is dominated by the pore-size limited transport of Ca2+ ions dissolved from nanoporous glass substrates. Furthermore, with increasing nanopore size, HA/CHA microstructures evolve from needle-like, plate-like, to flower-like appearance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 886-899, 2019.
Querétaro’s Rising Star in the Global Economy, 1997–2009

Ignacio Loyola of the PAN became Queretaro’s first non-PRI governor in the modern era by winning the 1997 state elections. However, as this chapter shows, political change did not alter the state’s economic governance institutions, which had been steadily consolidating since the early 1980s. Loyola maintained the practice of regular dialogue with business and labor and even appointed several prominent priistas to top cabinet posts. The Loyola administration also continued to expand the state’s industrial parks and research centers and built a large international airport outside the city of Queretaro. Loyola’s successor, Francisco Garrido (2003–2009), capitalized on this new facility to establish a dynamic aerospace sector, which quickly became a global hub for this knowledge and technology-intensive industry. This transformation of the economy continued to be guided by coordination and synergy between local officials and the private sector, even as new mechanisms and actors arose during this period.
Fluoroacrylate-aromatic acrylate copolymers for viscosity enhancement of carbon dioxide

Abstract The effect of the structure of aromatic acrylate-fluoroacrylate copolymers on CO2 viscosity at elevated pressures was investigated. These copolymers were all found to be miscible with CO2 at pressures between 10–15 MPa (295 K) and induce an increase in the viscosity to some degree. It appears that stacking of aromatic rings is the key factor in viscosity enhancement. The results showed that viscosity of the solution increases with the increasing content of the aromatic acrylate unit in the copolymer, but a point is reached beyond which additional comonomer causes the relative viscosity to drop, suggesting that the aromatic rings associate through intramolecular rather than intermolecular interactions beyond the optimum value. The most effective CO2 thickener identified in this study was the 29% phenyl acrylate-71% fluoroacrylate copolymer. However, the presence of a spacer (methyl or ethyl) between the backbone and the aromatic group substantially diminished the viscosity enhancement.
A Tale of Two Kidneys: Differences in Graft Survival for Kidneys Allocated to Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplant Compared with Contralateral Kidney from the Same Donor

Background Renal graft lifespan in simultaneous liver kidney transplant (SLK) is generally thought to be shorter than in kidney transplant (KT) alone, raising questions about the utility of SLK. This study aims to estimate what the outcomes would be for a kidney allocated to SLK if it were allocated to KT instead. Methods Using United Network for Organ Sharing data, recipients of SLK from 2003 to 2012 were paired with the recipient who received the partner kidney from the same donor in a kidney or kidney pancreas transplant for analysis. The primary outcomes were long-term patient and renal graft survival. This was investigated using modified multivariable Cox regression, which allowed for changes in the hazard ratio (HR) associated with SLK over time (non-proportional hazards), accounted for the paired nature of the study, and adjusted for differences in recipient characteristics. Results There were 3,721 recipients in each group. Ninety-day mortality was 8.0% for SLK vs 1.9% for KT recipients (p Conclusions Although kidneys allocated to SLK vs KT demonstrate worse short-term survival, this risk appears to be reversed when follow-up is extended long-term.
Structural behavior of a stuffed derivative of α-quartz, Mg0.5AlSiO4, at high temperature: an in situ synchrotron XRD study

High-temperature structural behavior of a stuffed derivative of α-quartz, Mg0.5AlSiO4, has been investigated using in situ synchrotron-based angle-dispersive powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) from 299 to 1273 K. Rietveld analysis of the XRD data indicates that the framework of Mg0.5AlSiO4 remains isostructural with α-quartz throughout the temperature range tested. As in α-quartz, unit-cell parameters a and c and cell volume V of Mg0.5AlSiO4 increase with increasing temperature, primarily due to progressive tilting of [(Al,Si)O4] tetrahedra along the a axes. However, the rates of increase in the cell parameters and the rate of decrease in the tetrahedral tilt angle (δ) are much smaller for Mg0.5AlSiO4 than for α-quartz. This behavior can be attributed to the occupancy of Mg2+ over the octahedral channel sites in the α-quartz-type framework, effectively hindering the [(Al,Si)O4] tetrahedral tilting. As a result, the α- to β-quartz phase transformation, which exists in silica at 846 K, does not occur in Mg0.5AlSiO4 up to 1273 K, and probably beyond, to its melting point.
QPipe: quantiles sketch fully in the data plane

Efficient network management requires collecting a variety of statistics over the packet flows. Monitoring the flows directly in the data plane allows the system to detect anomalies faster. However, monitoring algorithms have to handle a throughput of 109 packets per second and to maintain a very low memory footprint. Widely adopted sampling-based approaches suffer from low accuracy in estimations. Thus, it is natural to ask: "Is it possible to maintain important statistics in the data plane using small memory footprint?". In this paper, we answer this question in affirmative for an important case of quantiles. We introduce QPipe, the first quantiles sketching algorithm that can be implemented entirely in the data plane. Our main technical contribution is an on-the-plane implementation of a variant of SweepKLL [27] algorithm. Specifically, we give novel implementations of argmin(), the major building block of SweepKLL which are usually not supported in the data plane of the commodity switch. We prototype QPipe in P4 and compare its performance with a sampling-based baseline. Our evaluations demonstrate 10× memory reduction for a fixed approximation error and 90× error improvement for a fixed amount of memory. We conclude that QPipe can be an attractive alternative to sampling-based methods.
Examining Big Data in Medicine: Applications, Challenges and Benefits

Advances in technology have created and will continue to create changes in medical science and practice. In recent years, the medical community has seen massive amount of information, which is collectively known as “big data.” Literatures from various sources were reviewed to explore the application of data analytics in medicine, the benefits and challenges associated with its use. With recent advances in digital technology, the ability to gather and examine big data has become far cheaper and faster. With the promise of data-driven knowledge and intelligent decision-making, big-data projects are going on in every branch of medicine. However, the process of engaging stakeholders to benefits from the information provided by big data remain a major issue. This paper presents how big data and big data analytics are used in medicine.
How Do 2-Year College Students Beginning in STEM View Themselves as Learners?:

BackgroundTwo-year colleges are uniquely positioned to diversify science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. Yet limited existing scholarship sheds light on how 2-year colle...
Safety and efficacy of symptomatic carotid artery stenting performed in an emergency setting.

IntroductionCarotid artery stenting (CAS) has increasingly emerged as an alternative strategy to carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. Optimal timin...
Pandemic primary: the interactive effects of COVID-19 prevalence and age on voter turnout

On March 17, 2020, the state of Florida held its Presidential Preference Primary amid a growing global pandemic. At that time, health officials and the media continued to report on the disproportionate dangers of serious health complications and death from COVID-19 for the elderly population. How did the prevalence of COVID-19 along with age affect Florida voters' propensity to vote on Election Day? Using individual-level voting data from the primary along with county COVID-19 rates, I test the interactive effects of the prevalence of COVID-19 and voter age on the probability of voting in person or not voting at all. I find that for both Democrats and Republicans, voters were more likely to not vote in any manner as the county COVID-19 rate and their age increased. This effect is more pronounced for Republicans. No differences in probabilities of in person voting occurred for Democrat voters based upon age, but older Republicans were less likely to vote in person as the county COVID-19 rate increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Area-efficient dual-diode with optimized parasitic bipolar structure for rail-based ESD protections

Abstract Lateral parasitic PNP transistor inside P+/N-well diode is explored and investigated for the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protections in I/O interface integrated circuits (ICs). An analysis for the breakdown behavior of the lateral parasitic PNP transistor with base floating is presented for the first time. Simulations on the lateral parasitic PNP transistor have been performed to understand the effects of geometry parameters on current gain β, triggering voltage Vt1 and on-resistance RON. The test structures were fabricated using the UMC 65 nm low-k logic/mixed-mode CMOS process and characterized with the transmission line pulse (TLP) system. The TLP characterization results demonstrate that the triggering voltage Vt1 is strongly influenced by the base region (i.e., base width), and on-resistance RON is mainly affected by the collector region (i.e., collector width) for the finger-type parasitic PNP. Meanwhile, the scalability of thermal failure current It2 has been studied in terms of the periphery of the lateral parasitic PNP and the whole device width.
Unsupervised MR harmonization by learning disentangled representations using information bottleneck theory.

Abstract In magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, a lack of standardization in acquisition often causes pulse sequence-based contrast variations in MR images from site to site, which impedes consistent measurements in automatic analyses. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised MR image harmonization approach, CALAMITI (Contrast Anatomy Learning and Analysis for MR Intensity Translation and Integration), which aims to alleviate contrast variations in multi-site MR imaging. Designed using information bottleneck theory, CALAMITI learns a globally disentangled latent space containing both anatomical and contrast information, which permits harmonization. In contrast to supervised harmonization methods, our approach does not need a sample population to be imaged across sites. Unlike traditional unsupervised harmonization approaches which often suffer from geometry shifts, CALAMITI better preserves anatomy by design. The proposed method is also able to adapt to a new testing site with a straightforward fine-tuning process. Experiments on MR images acquired from ten sites show that CALAMITI achieves superior performance compared with other harmonization approaches.
The Lawrence D. Dorr Surgical Techniques & Technologies Award: Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is it a Primary or Revision Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an increasingly common procedure among elderly individuals. Although conversion THA is currently bundled in a diagnosis related group (DRG) with primary THA, no study has identified whether patients undergoing conversion THA better resemble patients undergoing primary THA or revision THA. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) database collects data from hospitals nationwide about preoperative characteristics, intraoperative factors, and 30-day postoperative complications. The purpose of our study was to use these variables in the ACS-NSQIP dataset to compare patients undergoing conversion THA to those undergoing primary and revision THA in order to ensure proper DRG classification of these procedures. Methods Between 2009-2014, the ACS-NSQIP database identified 2,009 conversion THA patients, 5,089 revision THA patients, and 67,854 primary THA patients. Univariate analysis was used to compare fifty-three preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables among these groups. A conservative Bonferroni-adjusted P -value of .0003 was calculated, and a less conservative P -value of .01 was used for comparison. Results Seventeen variables exhibited a significant difference ( P ≤ .0003) only between conversion and primary THA, one variable exhibited a difference only between conversion and revision THA, and three variables exhibited a difference between both conversion and primary THA, and conversion and revision THA. With P ≤ .01, twenty-three, zero, and six differences were observed, respectively. Conclusion The disproportionate number of differences between conversion and primary THAs suggests that patients undergoing conversion THAs better resemble patients undergoing revision THAs. DRGs are traditionally comprised of procedures that have similar diagnoses and require comparable levels of resources from a hospital, so these results suggest that conversion THA should rather be bundled in the same DRG as revision THA. With hospitals emphasizing cost-containment strategies, this reclassification would be a step forward in improving the documentation of procedures in order to receive appropriate institutional reimbursement.
Modulation of the Seasonal Cycle in Length-of-Day and Atmospheric Angular Momentum

Global warming, by definition, changes the atmospheric temperature field . This temperature change is not expected to be uniform, either geographically, or with height in the atmosphere. By the thermal wind equation, changes in the poleto-equator temperature gradient will cause changes in the atmospheric zonal winds. Numerous previous studies have shown that observed length-of-day (LOD) variations on time scales of a few days to a few years are largely caused by atmospheric zonal wind fluctuations. In particular, seasonal variations in LOD have been previously shown to be dominantly caused by seasonal variations in the atmospheric zonal winds. Here, observed changes in the strength of seasonal LOD and wind-driven atmospheric angular momentum signals during 1962 to 2000 are analyzed and shown to be significantly correlated with each other and with the Southern Oscillation Index. This demonstrates that the observed seasonal LOD signal can be used as a proxy measurement for changes in the angular momentum of the seasonal zonal winds, thereby allowing changes in the seasonal zonal winds to be studied even when wind measurements are not available. In addition, the approach of studying decadal-scale changes in the strength of the seasonal cycle allows LOD measurements to be used in climate change studies, studies that cannot be undertaken directly due to uncertainties in modeling the dominant decadal-scale changes in LOD caused by core-mantle boundary processes.
Compound Sentences and Introduction to Complex Sentences: Adverbial Clauses

In Chap. 8, we reviewed the constituents of basic sentences and examined some common variations of the basic sentence. In the next three chapters, we will examine expanded sentences. In this chapter, we will start by considering compound clauses and then begin our investigation into complex sentences, focusing on adverbial clauses. In Chaps. 10 and 11, we will investigate two other types of complex sentences, relative clauses and noun clauses. There are three parts to this chapter. Section 9.1 considers compound sentences, coordinators, and transition words. Section 9.2 delves into the various types of adverbial clauses. Section 9.3 examines reduced adverbial clauses.
Dietary tyramine and other pressor amines in MAOI regimens: a review.

A critical review of the literature on amine composition and relevant case reports provides rational guidelines for diet planning and counseling of patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drug regimens. Small amounts of normally harmless pressor amines in foods can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is often termed the “cheese reaction.” Initial recognition of the problem led to reduced usage of MAOIs and overzealous food restrictions. Recently, confidence in handling such reactions and in MAOI usage has increased. MAOIs treat anxiety and depression by supposedly inhibiting the inactivation of neurotransmitters. A side effect is the concurrent failure to inactivate the potent vasopressor amine, tyramine. Consumption of 6 mg of tyramine may produce a mild crisis whereas 10 to 25 mg may produce severe headaches with intracranial hemorrhage and its sequelae. Any food rich in aromatic amino acids can become high in tyramine if aging, contamination, prolonged storage, or spoilage occurs. Tables are presented listing the current MAOI drugs; the pressor amines; the tyramine content of various cheeses; and foods to avoid, foods to use with caution, and foods that are not restricted. Rational guidelines for dietary counseling in MAOI usage include: (1) keep tyramine intake below 5 mg, (2) begin diet counseling before drug therapy, (3) monitor patient compliance, (4) recommend preparation and consumption of only fresh foods, and (5) continue the diet four weeks beyond drug therapy.
Scattered Radiation and Neutron Production in Laser-Plasma Interaction

The study of the interaction of a strong wave with a plasma is of interest to fusion physics. In laserpellet-driven-fusion,1 one heats a microsphere of properly tamped D-T fuel in less than a microsecond by electromagnetic radiation of the order of 1017 W/cm2(Nd). The particle distribution function at the absorbing plasma layer (the energy deposition layer) provides the initial distribution function for the hydro-regime that describes the pellet, and hence is an input in its design (the pellet design and pulse shape must keep a spherical, symmetric hydro-regime). We can find many other examples of this,2 like the heating of magnetically confined plasma by intense radio frequency fields,3 current driven turbulence, etc. In current driven turbulence, for example in a Tokamak,4 the heated particle distribution function provides the initial data for the study of the relaxation of the plasma to a Tokamak contained one.
How Universities Work: Understanding Higher Education Organization in Northwest China

This study explores models of educational management used in postsecondary institutions in the five northwestern provinces of the People’s Republic of China (Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, and Ningxia). As higher education in the People’s Republic of China expands and undergoes significant changes, a nuanced understanding of the organizational structures in Chinese higher education is increasingly important. This qualitative study included group interviews with university administrators from institutions in each of the five northwestern provinces. Drawing on Birnbaum’s (1988) seminal work describing models of organization in higher education in the United States, the findings suggest four models of organization that are for the Chinese context. These models are: Tiao-Kuai Xitong (Vertical-Horizontal system), Confucian Guanxi, Authoritarian, and Dialectical. The study explores the complexity and diversity that characterizes Chinese higher education with important implications for the ongoing educational reform within China, as well as for developing a more sophisticated contextualized notion of Chinese higher education in the West.
Silk-based stabilization of biomacromolecules.

Silk fibroin is a high molecular weight amphiphilic protein that self-assembles into robust biomaterials with remarkable properties including stabilization of biologicals and tunable release kinetics correlated to processing conditions. Cells, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies and peptides, among other biologics, have been encapsulated in silk using various processing approaches and material formats. The mechanistic basis for the entrapment and stabilization features, along with insights into the modulation of release of the entrained compounds from silks will be reviewed with a focus on stabilization of bioactive molecules.
Reinventing Richard Nixon: A Cultural History of an American Obsession – By Daniel Frick

As the only U.S. president to have resigned from office rather than be impeached, Richard Nixon occupies a special place in American politics and memory. Daniel Frick observes that Nixon generated ...
Liapunov criteria for uniformity

The various notions of stability usually associated with dynamic systems are cast as uniform continuities. The features of Liapunov functions which typify stability are generalized to a characterization of uniform continuity. General theorems yield necessary and sufficient Liapunov criteria for weak and asymptotic stability and for uniform convergence of series and integrals. For the latter a common generalization of theorems of Weierstrass, Abel and Dirichlet is derived.
Photonic delay line using electrically switched gratings in polymer dispersed liquid crystals

Recently, several photonic delay lines (PDLs) based on various optoelectronic technologies have been proposed. PDL applications include phased array antennas1 laser radars2 astronomy3 ultrasound4 and two-photon memories5.
Autoradiographic localization of H1-histamine receptors in brain using 3H-mepyramine: preliminary studies.

Abstract 3 H-Mepyramine ( 3 HH-MEP) binds to slide-mounted tissue sections with characteristics indicating the labelling of a H 1 -histamine receptor. It is saturable (B max 12 pg/g tissue), of a high affinity (K D 0.5 nM) and possesses a drug specificity similar to that observed for H 1 receptors in a variety of systems. In agreement with other biochemical studies, the association constant and the number of binding sites appear lower in the rat than in the guinea pig. Once the optimal conditions for labelling the receptors were found in the biochemical studies, tissue sections were prepared for autoradiographic studies. The receptor density varied markedly in the different brain regions. For example, there was a high density of H 1 receptors in the molecular layer of the guinea pig cerebellum. In the guinea pig hippocampal formation, the highest densities were found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus while lower levels were found in the dendritic fields of the pyramidal cells. Significant densities of receptors were found in other areas of the rat and guinea pig brain as well.
Exploring Malicious Meter Inspection in Neighborhood Area Smart Grids

In smart grids, smart meters may potentially be attacked or compromised to cause certain security risks. It is challenging to identify malicious meters when there are a large number of users. In this paper, we explore the malicious meter inspection (MMI) problem in neighborhood area smart grids. We propose a suite of inspection algorithms in a progressive manner. First, we present a basic scanning method, which takes linear time to accomplish inspection. The scanning method is efficient when the malicious meter ratio is high. Then, we propose a binary-tree-based inspection algorithm, which performs better than scanning when the malicious meter ratio is low. Finally, we employ an adaptive-tree-based algorithm, which leverages advantages of both the scanning and binary-tree inspections. Our approaches are tailored to fit both static and dynamic situations. The theoretical and experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the adaptive tree approach.
Multiple Auditing Standards and Standard Setting: Implications for Practice and Education

SUMMARY We organized a panel discussion on the roles of the multiple auditing standard setters and the implications of these multiple sets of standards for practice and education. The session took place at the American Accounting Association (AAA) Auditing Section Meeting in Savannah, Georgia in January 2012. In this paper, we discuss the roles of the various auditing standards setters (e.g., Auditing Standards Board [ASB], Public Company Accounting Oversight Board [PCAOB], International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board [IAASB]) and how the standards have diverged over time. We then present panelists' responses to questions raised during the session, which reflect differing perspectives concerning why multiple standards may be necessary, barriers to a more unified structure for auditing standards, and differences in enforcement and quality assessment. The panelists also discussed challenges posed by the existence of multiple standards for CPA firms, students, and instructors, and how these challenge...
Sequence of PSE-2 beta-lactamase.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of PSE-2 beta-lactamase, an enzyme that readily hydrolyzes both carbenicillin and oxacillin, has been determined. The deduced sequence of 266 amino acids contained 93 residues identical to those of OXA-2 beta-lactamase and the Ser-Thr-Phe-Lys tetrad also found in the active site of TEM-1 beta-lactamase.
Improved optics for multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction crystallography at CHESS

The optics at the F2 station of CHESS have been completely redesigned and rebuilt. The new design consists of a white- beam collimating mirror and a fixed-exit double-crystal monochromator, which are optimized for the growing field of multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) crystallography. The upstream mirror reduces the heat load onto the monochromator by two-thirds and increases the energy resolution of the x-ray beam to its source-size limit. The new single-rotation fixed-exit monochromator employs a slightly- tilted second-crystal translation that allows fast and reliable changes in the energy of the outgoing beam while maintaining its beam position. Two additional angle-segment stages, one for each crystal, are used to fine tune the second-crystal translation tilt so that the translation stage can be always positioned along the tangent of the desired loci of the second crystal for a wide energy range of 7 - 17 keV using Si (111).
Hubbard model at infinite dimensions: Thermodynamic and transport properties.

We present results on the thermodynamic quantities, resistivity, and optical conductivity for the Hubbard model on a simple hypercubic lattice in infinite dimensions. Our results for the paramagnetic phase display the features expected from an intuitive analysis of the one-particle spectra and substantiate the similarity of the physics of the Hubbard model to those of heavy-fermion systems. The calculations were performed using an approximate solution to the single-impurity Anderson model, which is the key quantity entering the solution of the Hubbard model in this limit. To establish the quality of this approximation we compare its results, together with those obtained from two other widely used methods, to essentially exact quantum Monte Carlo results.
Device-independent programming environments for CAD/CAM software creation

Abstract phigs is a useful tool for the creation of cad/cam software. More is needed, however, to provide proper support for the creation of custom cad/cam software. The paper describes an applications-programming environment, cadmade , that has been designed to be a framework for standard support software that will help a cad/cam programmer to create new, custom cad/cam applications software. cadmade is not a description of software, but a suggested set of rules and characteristics that is needed to create an applications-programming environment.
Verapamil Prophylaxis for Postoperative Atrial Dysrhythmias: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Study Using Drug Level Monitoring

Orally administered verapamil hydrochloride (80 mg every 8 hours) or a placebo was given to 109 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting in a randomized, double-blind manner to test the efficacy of verapamil in preventing postoperative atrial dysrhythmias. The test drug was given through a nasogastric tube beginning 4 to 6 hours after operation until oral ingestion was possible. Serum levels of verapamil were measured at selected times after operation and when postoperative atrial dysrhythmias occurred. Postoperative atrial dysrhythmias occurred in 10 of the 53 verapamil-treated patients and in 20 of the 56 placebo-treated patients. Patients with verapamil drug levels higher than 150 ng/ml had fewer postoperative atrial dysrhythmias than those with lesser verapamil levels (p = .034) or than placebo-treated patients (p = .012). Only 2 of 31 patients with drug levels higher than 150 ng/ml experienced postoperative atrial dysrhythmias. Approximately 40% of verapamil-treated patients had drug levels lower than 150 ng/ml at 48 hours after operation. It is concluded that oral administration of verapamil prevents postoperative atrial dysrhythmias in a dose-dependent fashion.
Thermal energy reactions of H3+ with methanol

Abstract A tandem mass spectrometer has been used to measure the ion-product distribution for reaction of H 3 + with CH 3 OH as an explicit function of the average number of H 3 + -H 2 + collisions occurring before reaction. As the number of H 3 + -H 2 + collisions is changed from zero to several, large changes in the product distribution are observed and demonstrate the effectiveness of such collisions in deactivating the vibrationally excited H 3 + ions. The present results suggest that 5–10H 3 + -H 2 collisions are required to deactivate the H 3 + . Isotope studies suggest that reaction occurs initially by proton transfer to give a CH 3 OH 2 + ion which, if energetically possible, either eliminates H 2 or cleaves the CO bond. Because the present experiments are performed under conditions of low pressure and long reaction time, observation of the CH 3 OH 2 + product is used to show that the H 2 product of the initial protonation reaction carries away a disproportionately large share of the enthalpy of reaction as either vibrational or translational energy.
The Effects of Membership in Residential Learning Communities

Do you believe in magic? In witchcraft and wizardry? Are you fascinated by the supernatural powers of broomsticks and wooden wands? In the fictional world of Hogwart’s School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Harry Potter and other students of similar interests and talents gather to live and learn. They exist together in “houses” or residence halls where they study the secrets of the wizard world, while at the same time, develop as young men and women. Here, students with special interests can reap the academic and social benefits of being a part of a residential learning community – one that did not exist for them in the larger, non-magical world (or the Muggle world). Similarly, there has been a significant amount of attention paid in recent years to the impact that residential learning environments have on college students. Research has found that resident students spend approximately 70% of their time within their residence halls (Schroeder & Jackson, 1987). Therefore, the residence hall is a crucial enviro...
Supplementation of a Practical Diet with Enzymes for Turkey Poults

ABSTRACT WORK of Clickner and Follwell (1926) indicated a growth response when “protozyme” (enzymes produced by cultures of Aspergillus orizae) was added to a commercial starter diet. Hasting (1946) reported that enzymes increased rate of gain and improved feed utilization of chicks fed a higher fiber diet; however, no appreciable advantage was found by supplementing a low fiber diet with enzymes. Recently Baker et al. (1956) reported an increase in growth and feed efficiency when pepsin was added to the diet of baby pigs. These studies with turkey poults were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing a practical diet with enzymes. Two experiments were conducted using straight run Beltsville Small White poults with two pens per treatment. The first experiment ran 5 weeks with 20 poults per pen. The second experiment ran 4 weeks with 14 poults per pen. The all-vegetable basal diet 101 consisted of the following percentages: ground . . .
The Leontief Two-sector Model and Undiscounted Optimal Growth with Irreversible Investment: The Case of Labor-intensive Consumption Goods

This essay reports results on optimal growth in a Leontief two-sector model originally formulated by Bruno and analyzed in discrete time by Nishimura-Yano. Applying geometric methods pioneered by Khan-Mitra, we derive a complete characterization of optimal policy. Assuming that the consumption goods sector is more labor-intensive, our results depart from those in the capital-intensive case: (i) every optimal program is monotonic, (ii) every optimal program converges to the golden-rule stock in a finite number of periods, and (iii) every optimal program undergoes either unemployment or excess capacity of capital.
Enumeration of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes

The number of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes have been quantified in a sensitive limit dilution system. Approximately 1 in 330 splenic T lymphocytes developed helper activity in response to alloantigen of a single haplotype. Most HTL appeared to cooperate nonspecifically with the cytolytic cells. A significant number of alloreactive HTL precursors recognized H-2 K or D alloantigen, but roughly 6-fold more HTL precursors responded to H-2 I, and roughly 20-fold more responded to non-H-2, presumably Mls, alloantigen. These results support the hypothesis that alloantigen encoded by the H-2 I and non-H-2 Mls regions preferentially stimulate helper T lymphocytes, while alloantigens encoded by the H-2 K and D regions preferentially stimulate cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Pfitzner, Palestrina, Nazis, conservatives: Longing for utopia

Abstract Hans Pfitzner, Schoenberg's conservative contemporary and one of few composers later associated with the Nazis, is represented in opera houses today almost exclusively by his 1915 opera Palestrina. It is shown that the alterations in Palestrina's historical biography, the function of women's roles, and the handling of grief and violence are all unusual in this opera, and can be related to the analyses of Klaus Theweleit in his study of the prejudices and fantasies of pre‐Nazi military men. The idea of the ‘grief of conservatives’ is established, as one which may be useful in consideration of other early modern composers.
Polynomial matrix linearization and strongly irreducible realization for singular systems

Abstract A scheme for polynomial matrix linearization is proposed. By using the linearization, we propose a realization for singular systems. The properties of the realization are studied, and then a strongly irreducible realization is presented.
Effects of vasoactive agents and diuretics on isolated superfused interlobar renal arteries.

SummaryThe isolated, intralobar renal artery appears to be a useful preparation to study the actions of agents upon renal vasculature. It may be concluded that the interlobar arteries contribute to the renal vasoconstriction produce by norepinephrine and dopamine, but do not contribute to the renal vasodilatation produced by furosemide or small doses of dopamine. Hydrochlorothiazide may interfere with adrenergic vasoconstriction to an extent noted for other vascular beds. It is equivocal whether the larger renal arteries contribute to the renal vasoconstiction produced by thiazides.
Smectic A liquid crystal configurations with interface defects

We study planar energy minimizing configurations of smectic A liquid crystal materials and classify the corresponding defect structures. We investigate focal conic configurations in wedge, non-parallel plates, funnel-shaped domains, and non-concentric annuli. The application of the stability condition for focal conics is relevant to the specification of the location of the interfacial defects. Self-similar structures are discussed for a class of solutions with the same bulk energy. We propose surface energies terms to serve as selection mechanisms of particular self-similar configurations. We also show how the modelling of chevron texture naturally arises in the present framework. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinoma of the thyroid gland in youth.

OUR attention was forcibly directed to the problem of thyroid cancer in young individuals by the recent simultaneous observation of 3 “teen-agers” with this disease, 1 of whom gave a history of a lateral cervical mass which had been under a physician's observation for a period of nine years. Although in 1935 Kennedy (1) could collect but 6 cases from the American medical literature of the preceding twenty years, reports since then have been more numerous and several authors have placed especial emphasis on the occurrence of thyroid cancer in youthful patients (2–6). Duffy and Fitzgerald (7) have recently published an excellent review of 28 cases in patients 18 years of age or less, from the Memorial Hospital. The 28 cases in this age group represented 6.5 per cent of a total of 430 thyroid carcinomas. For the most part, previous papers have dealt with the disease in children, each author setting his own upper age limit of childhood. Our study is concerned with patients 25 years of age or younger at the ti...
An infrastructure for the development of health care information systems from distributed components

Over the past several years, the Decision Systems Group has worked to develop software tools that facilitate the construction of highly integrated, customizable health care information systems and clinical workstation environments. Today's medical software industry is based primarily on large, single-vendor systems with relatively poor integration capabilities, and has not yet embraced newer approaches which could foster rich integration and customization of multi-vendor component-based systems. This is due in large part to lack of common software infrastructure, services, and paradigms. With the aim of providing ourselves and our collaborators with the ability to construct richly interoperating software components in the near-term, we have developed a suite of cross-platform software tools, collectively referred to as Arachne. These tools are being distributed freely to the Internet community, and are the basis for ongoing investigation of the component software development paradigm. This approach has a number of advantages for future health care information systems.
Paradigm Shifts: Recalling the Early ICA and the Later PHILCOM

The systems of thought operating in the Philosophy of Communication Division of the International Communication Association are explicated. Kant's philosophy of logic is used to define the analytic/synthetic distinction as the metaphysical foundation of Modernity. The methodological ground of Postmodernity is a critique of positivism using Kant's logic and C. S. Peirce's semiotic phenomenology of Abduction, Deduction, Induction, and Adduction. The analysis deals the philosophical ground for the Human Science of Communicology.