cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Investigation and Evaluation on Control Measures of Outbreak of Mumps Among Students in A Town of Kaiping City

Objective To investigate the cause of an outbreak of mumps among students in a town of Kaiping, and evaluate the control measures. Methods Individual investigation of the students who got mumps within the past 25 days was conducted. The serum samples were collected for diagnosis and tested for anti-mumps IgM. The mumps vaccination status of students was also investigated. A more comprehensive measure was used to control the disease. Results There were 68 students got mumps in that peroid (May 24 to June 4), with an incident rate of 5.52 %, among which the rates of center school and Lang-pan were 4.41% and 7.71%, respectively. The incident rate in center school was significantly lower than that in Lang-pan (χ2=5.7627, P0.05). The affected students were distributed in 22 classes of 7 grades. 30 serum samples were tested for anti-mumps IgM, of which 26 were positive. The rate of mumps vaccination in center school was 43.33%, which was significantly higher than that in Lang-pan (17.14%;χ2=5.3565,P0.05). There were no mumps-cases after June 4. Conclusion The rate of the regular and booster vaccination was low. Many patients did not see doctor promptly and the case was reported late could be the major cause of the outbreak of mumps. A more comprehensive control measure was effective to prevent and control the outbreak of mumps.
WEN Zheng-ming 's Small Regular Script Art

WENZheng-ming is Ming Dynasty calligrapher,he is the Dynasty calligraphers of the mid-Ming Dynasty pioneer in the rise of classical.In the study of calligraphy,he is affected popular retro art and he inherited the point of traditional calligraphy,in the meantime he removed the calligraphy abuses from the early Ming and became the backbone of the Ming Dynasty calligraphy.He is especially famous of small regular script,he's writing style was tactful and powerful,vivid testimonies,rigorous in the state,changed the habit of Yuan Dynasty's weak style,strived to simple vigorous,dignified so that we can communicate the small regular script's style of vigorous graceful from Wei and Jin Dynasty.
Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics

In this comprehensive assessment of Kant's metaethics, Frederick Rauscher shows that Kant is a moral idealist rather than a moral realist and argues that Kant's ethics does not require metaphysical commitments that go beyond nature. Rauscher frames the argument in the context of Kant's non-naturalistic philosophical method and the character of practical reason as action-oriented. Reason operates entirely within nature, and apparently non-natural claims - God, free choice, and value - are shown to be heuristic and to reflect reason's ordering of nature. The book shows how Kant hesitates between a transcendental moral idealism with an empirical moral realism and a complete moral idealism. Examining every aspect of Kant's ethics, from the categorical imperative to freedom and value, this volume argues that Kant's focus on human moral agency explains morality as a part of nature. It will appeal to academic researchers and advanced students of Kant, German idealism and intellectual history.
Transient reduction in renal function following arteriography: a radionuclide study.

Abstract The effects of iodinated contrast agents upon renal function were determined in 11 patients undergoing arteriography. Serial radionuclide renograms were performed to calculate the glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow and filtration fraction before and after arteriography. The effective renal plasma flow was the parameter most adversely affected. The magnitude of renal dysfunction depended upon the amount of contrast medium administered, as well as probably preexisting renal disease and site of injection.
Elimination of bowing distortion in welded stiffeners

Welding induces residual stresses in welded T-type stiffeners causing bowing (camber) distortion. Reducing the welding heat input or increasing the structural stiffness reduces or eliminates bowing distortion. However, where the structure geometry and weld size are fixed because of the design constraints, a transient differential heating process is effective in reducing bowing distortion. This paper presents an experimental verification and demonstration of transient differential heating for minimizing welding-induced bowing distortion in welded stiffeners. Conventional welding is carried out to demonstrate bowing distortion and establish a baseline case. Bowing distortion is eliminated using transient differential heating during welding using the same welding conditions. Residual stress measurements are taken using the blind hole drilling method, and a comparison of residual stresses for the baseline stiffener and for the stiffener with transient differential heating is presented.
Money, Greed, and Commodification

The ubiquity of expressions like “the love of money is the root of all evil” suggests that many people associate evil with the unscrupulous pursuit of wealth. This is interesting, though, since most philosophers who work on the nature of evil tend to overlook the category of money-related evils entirely. This chapter aims to rectify that by examining a range of such evils, including Bernie Madoff’s perpetration of the largest financial fraud in history, human trafficking, and even intensive animal farming, as well as a series of empirical psychological studies of the effects of money upon the mind. Much like Chaps. 2 and 3, the information gathered in this chapter will be useful later in the book, especially when the time comes to examine various philosophical theories of evil.
THE ROLE OF AUDITORS IN FRAUD DETECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY (A STUDY OF UNILEVER NIGERIA PLC)

The centre and focused part of this paper, is to look at the roles auditors play in fraud detection, prevention, and control in manufacturing Industry. With the aid of the questionnaire which were distributed in Unilever Nigeria Plc, information were gotten that management had their roles to lay also in eradicating fraud and most importantly, an efficient audit department in an organization could help in fraud detection and also aid external auditors in the detection of fraud. The evaluation of accounting system and operational guardians on periodic basis also minimizes irregularities and fraud. From the hypothesis carried out as tested, it has been confirmed that the effect of fraud in an organization can be prevented and controlled with the help of an efficient audit department in an organization.
HIV/AIDS: New Jersey’s Dilemma

Thirty years ago, the typical person knew nothing of HIV/AIDS; and ultimately had no reason to fear it. However, today the vast majority of people around the globe have heard of it and most, if not all, dislike even its mentioning. What happened? To put it in basic context, this global epidemic came and began to change the way we live today (from a medical standpoint). Today, there are millions of people infected by HIV/AIDS, and many more on a daily scale have been affected by it. (Knight, 2008) This potent virus has protracted throughout the human population initially due to the negligence of its existence and the methods of transmission between different parties. So, from a contemporary perspective, what do we know about HIV/AIDS today? Diffusing what medical scholars have told us in rudimentary terms, we know that there is no vaccine that prevents HIV. We know that once infected with this disease, medications can only allow a person to slow-down death for a certain amount of time (much longer today than in the past where life span lasted from five to seven years). We are aware that once someone is diagnosed with AIDS, the infected personâ€™s ailment declines far more promptly and worst of all presently there is no cure. In other words, HIV infection creates much suffering and hardship for those who come into contact.
Executive Functioning in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: Considering the Impact of Emotional and Psychosocial Factors

In adults, multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with executive dysfunction, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and lowered quality of life. Similar problems may occur in pediatric MS, but the relationships between these variables have not yet been investigated. This study examined the associations among some of the most salient cognitive (executive functioning), psychological (anxiety, depression), and psychosocial (fatigue, quality of life, externalizing symptoms) factors affecting children with MS. Sixty-five patients with MS ages 6 to 18 were evaluated through the UCSF Regional Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment battery including the Verbal Fluency Test and Trail Making Test. Parents and children also completed rating forms assessing emotional functioning, fatigue, quality of life, and executive functioning. After controlling for significant demographic variables, higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with executive dysfunction on testing and self-report. In addition, higher reported executive dysfunction was associated with psychosocial difficulties, including higher levels of fatigue, worse quality of life, and more severe externalizing symptoms. The present study furthers our knowledge of the psychological and psychosocial factors associated with neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric MS. Recognition of these variables can inform medical and psychological treatment, as well as interventions in the home and community, to maximize a positive developmental trajectory.
The role of occupational identity in negotiating traumatic experiences: the case of a rural fire department

ABSTRACTFirefighters are routinely exposed to situations involving contact with deceased or injured children, burned and seriously injured bodies, and high-uncertainty calls. Thus, many firefighters suffer debilitating consequences including depression, dysfunctional drinking, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Using an identity tensions framework, we sought to understand the challenges firefighters encounter as they cope with exposure to traumatic events. We interviewed 27 members of a rural fire department and used a constant comparative method to analyze their responses. We found trauma was induced when occupational identity intersected futile situations and those involving children; tensions emerged between traditional and newer, emergent firefighting cultures; and firefighters experience tensions in negotiating how and when to express emotion. Based on these findings, we offer a number of practical implications centering on an occupational identity tensions framework to encourage reflexivity in firef...
A blind guidance system based on ICA edge detection and MIDI music display

The conventional blind guidance systems have some problems such as massive mapping data, low mapping efficiency and simple sound coding. These make the blind difficult to use the system. To solve these problems, a system is presented based on ICA edge detection and MIDI music display. In this system image edges that accord with visual characteristics are mapped into MIDI music by ICA edge basis functions' reconstruction. Experimental results showed that the system has higher recognition rates for the blind's recognizing the image contents.
Erythropoietin-specific cell cycle progression in erythroid subclones of the interleukin-3-dependent cell line 32D [published erratum appears in Blood 1993 Jun 1;81(11):3168]

Recently, a variety of growth factor-dependent subclones of the murine interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line 32D have been isolated. These subclones include those dependent for growth on erythropoietin (Epo) (32D Epo), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (32D GM), or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (32D G). 32D Epo1.1 is a revertant of 32D Epo and is capable of growing in IL-3. These cell lines express the differentiation program appropriate to the specific growth factor and depend on the growth factors not only for proliferation but also for survival. To determine how the signal for proliferation is triggered by various growth factors, we examined the DNA histograms and the expression of cell cycle-specific genes in the different cell lines. The cell cycle-specific genes analyzed were myc (early G1), myb (late G1), and the structural genes for the calcium- binding protein 2A9 (middle G1) and histone H3 (G1-S boundary). The DNA histogram analysis of cells in the logarithmic phase of growth showed that approximately 40% of 32D, 32D GM, 32D G, and 32D Epo1.1 (growing in IL-3) were cells with a 2N DNA content (and therefore in G0/G1), and another 40% have a DNA content intermediate between 2N and 4N (in S phase). In contrast, 32D Epo and 32D Epo1.1 (growing in Epo) had fewer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle compared with the number of cells that were in the S phase (19% to 31% v 69% to 78%, respectively). Because all the cell lines have comparable doubling times (15 to 18 hours), the cell distribution among the phases of the cell cycle is proportional to the length of the phase. Therefore, cells growing in IL- 3 (32D and 32D Epo1.1), GM-CSF (32D GM), or G-CSF (32D G) progress along the cycle in a manner typical of previously reported nontransformed cell lines. In contrast, cells growing in Epo (32D Epo or 32D Epo1.1) spend relatively less time in G0/G1 and correspondingly more time in S. These data were confirmed by the analysis of the tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) suicide rate and of the expression of cell cycle-specific genes. The 32D and 32D Epo1.1 cells growing in IL-3 had a suicide rate of congruent to 50%, whereas the suicide rate of 32D Epo and 32D Epo1.1 growing in Epo was higher than 75%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Patricides and Step-Patricides in Ghana: Victims, Offenders, and Offense Characteristics

There is a paucity of empirical research on patricide in Africa and many non-Western societies. To help fill this scholarly vacuum and contribute to the literature on patricide, the current article presents the results of an analysis of 18 cases of patricide and step-patricide that occurred in Ghana during 1990–2016. Given the exploratory nature of the study, no hypotheses were constructed or tested. Findings indicate that patricide is a rare crime, that sons were disproportionately more likely than daughters to kill their fathers, and that adult children were more likely than adolescent and pre-pubertal children to commit patricide. The results further show that a significant number of the patricides were triggered by offender mental illness. The predominant circumstance, however, was conflict between son and father over a myriad of issues. Three of the 18 patricides were influenced by the perpetrators’ beliefs that their fathers were maleficent witches who had bewitched them. Also, patricide offenses were typically spontaneous rather than premeditated. A recommendation is provided for continued research on patricide in Ghana and other non-Western societies to shed light on an empirically-neglected but vital topic.
Consumer interpretations of digital ownership in the book market

Technological advances in electronic markets, particularly product digitization, have transformed customer-product interactions. For example, altered ownership perceptions in the digital domain affect product acquisition, usage and disposition. This study’s goal is to explore how consumers conceptualize ownership of digital possessions in order to help marketers develop tailored positioning and commercialization strategies. Comparing physical books and e-books, we contribute to the literature on electronic markets, which neglects a consumer-focused perspective on digital possessions. Using focus groups with U.S. consumers, we identify six themes surrounding perceptions of psychological digital ownership, which mainly portray a constricted sense of ownership, limiting usage experience, and value perceptions. However, we also find that ease of disposition favors e-book usage. Typical assumptions about younger consumers’ preference for digital products were not supported. Based on our findings, we offer two managerial approaches: (1) enhancing the digital product experience or (2) emancipating digital products from their physical correlates.
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder features and response to behavioral therapy for insomnia among patients with hypnotic-dependent insomnia

ABSTRACTObjective: To compare therapeutic response to behavioral therapy for insomnia (BT-I) among hypnotic-dependent insomnia (HDI) patients with and without Cluster C personality disorders. Parti...
Surgical Management of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are rare and make up 0.65%–3% of all intracranial aneurysms [11, 21]. In 1953, Rizzoli and Hayes first reported successful surgical treatment of a PICA aneurysm operated in 1947 [25]. Since then, there have been several reports on the surgical management of PICA aneurysms [6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 21]. However, as these aneurysms are rare, surgical experience with them has generally been limited. We present our experience over the past 9 years with 11 patients who underwent clipping of PICA aneurysms.
On the anamorph genusCirrenalia

The taxonomic status of the anamorph genusCirrenalia is reviewed. As presently constituted, the genus is comprised of five marine and five terrestrial species. Descriptions of the species are given and a dichotomous key to species provided.
Finite Element Solution of the Self-Adjoint Angular Flux Equation for Coupled Electron-Photon Transport

A novel approach is proposed for charged particle transport calculations using a recently developed second-order, self-adjoint angular flux (SAAF) form of the Boltzmann transport equation with continuous slowing-down. A finite element discretization that is linear continuous in space and linear discontinuous (LD) in energy is described and implemented in a one-dimensional, planar geometry, multigroup, discrete ordinates code for charged particle transport. The cross-section generating code CEPXS is used to generate the electron and photon transport cross sections employed in this code. The discrete ordinates SAAF transport equation is solved using source iteration in conjunction with an inner iteration acceleration scheme and an outer iteration acceleration scheme. Outer iterations are required with the LD energy discretization scheme because the two angular flux unknowns within each group are coupled, which gives rise to effective upscattering. The inner iteration convergence is accelerated using diffusion synthetic acceleration, and the outer iteration convergence is accelerated using a diamond difference approximation to the LD energy discretization. Computational results are given that demonstrate the effectiveness of our convergence acceleration schemes and the accuracy of our discretized SAAF equation.
MICROSOMAL ENZYMES AND THE TOXICITY OF THIONO-SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of microsomal enzymes. It discusses the toxicity of thiono–sulfur compounds. Thiono–sulfur containing compounds cause a number of toxic effects when administered to experimental animals and man. These effects include inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis, induction of neoplasia, blood dyscrasias, liver necrosis, lung damage, teratogenesis, mutagenesis, inhibition of liver, lung, and brain cytochrome P-450 containing monooxygenases, and inhibition of copper containing enzymes. These toxic effects of thiono-sulfur containing compounds appear to be the result of their metabolism to reactive intermediates by the cytochrome P-450 containing monooxygenase enzyme systems. Covalent binding of atomic sulfur is responsible for the inhibition of monooxygenase activity and the loss of cytochrome P-450 seen on administration of thiono-sulfur compounds in vivo or incubation of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase enzyme systems in vitro. Because of its extreme reactivity, the sulfur atom does not appear to bind to macromolecules other than cytochrome P-450. Therefore, the effects of these compounds are likely the result of the binding of the electrophilic S-oxides or S-dioxides to tissue macromolecules.
Alveolar Epithelial Fluid Transport in Lung Injury

This chapter discusses the regulation of lung fluid transport by lung epithelial active ion transport mechanisms. Ion transport occurs across both the alveolar and the distal airway epithelium. Both experimental models of pulmonary edema and clinical studies are considered to demonstrate how active Na+ and active Cl- transport participate and regulate alveolar edema resolution. Some of the material in this chapter has been discussed in recent reviews. For decades, it was believed that Starling forces, i.e. differences in hydrostatic and protein osmotic pressures, accounted for removal of excess air space fluid. This misconception remained partly because experiments measuring solute fluxes across the lung epithelial and endothelial barriers were done at room temperature and the animal species used was the dog, a species that later was demonstrated to have a very low rate of active ion and fluid transport. Also, until the late 1970s and early 1980s, there were few good animal models to study the resolution of pulmonary edema. Furthermore, isolation and culture of alveolar epithelial type II cells was just evolving to become a useful experimental technique. Although removal of interstitial pulmonary edema by lung lymphatics and lung microcirculation had been discussed by Staub in his review of pulmonary edema, there was still no information on how pulmonary edema was removed from the distal air spaces of the mature lung.
Self and Society: Personality and communitarian collectivism

C hapter 4 proposed that personality and moral development proceeds from internal to external to synthetic narcissism. The internally narcissistic child is a seeker of gratification, and to the extent that others are differentiated from self, they are seen as instruments for the child's fulfillment. With external narcissism, ideal self-images, values, and conceptions of right and wrong are internalized from significant others and from the larger society. Conflicts between ego ideal set-goals and competing wishes lead to anxiety, shame, and guilt. Synthetically narcissistic processes rest upon greater differentiation of one's own ideals and values from those of the group or early introjects, and represent a synthesis of self and other in which neither is consistently used as a tool for the other. When placed back to back, the resemblance between this model and the model of the development of culture and morality is striking, and the reader is likely to think to himself, “Aha! This is one more ‘individual writ large’ theory of society.” A political scientist with expertise in political and socioeconomic development read an early draft of these ideas several years ago and responded that the developmental models made a great deal of sense, but that they were too neat . I did not appreciate that comment until some time later, but when I began to shed my desire for metaphysical ordering principles by which to make sense of the world, I started to search for data that would throw the theory a bit off, so that the symmetry would not be so perfect.
Impact of depth-dependent optical attenuation on wavelength selection for spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging.

Abstract An optical wavelength selection method based on the stability of the absorption cross-section matrix to improve spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging was recently introduced. However, spatially-varying chromophore concentrations cause the wavelength- and depth-dependent variations of the optical fluence, which degrades the accuracy of quantitative sPA imaging. This study introduces a depth-optimized method that determines an optimal wavelength set minimizing an inverse of the multiplication of absorption cross-section matrix and fluence matrix to minimize the errors in concentration estimation. This method assumes that the optical fluence distribution is known or can be attained otherwise. We used a Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in tissue with various depths and concentrations of deoxy-/oxy-hemoglobin. We quantitatively compared the developed and current approaches, indicating that the choice of wavelength is critical and our approach is effective especially when quantifying deeper imaging targets.
Outpatient Anesthesia Morbidity and Mortality Experience Among Massachusetts Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

Purpose The purpose of this retrospective study was to document the prevalence of different complications and the mortality rate for outpatient procedures performed under anesthesia by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Materials and Methods A mailed questionnaire was filled out by active members of the Massachusetts Society of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons who practiced using the single–operator-anesthetist model. Morbidity and mortality information was acquired for calendar years 2015 and 2016. Results The findings of this study were consistent with those of previous publications on the same topic. No office deaths occurred, and the mortality rate was 0 of 431,680 patient visits. The prevalence of other anesthesia-related complications was low. Conclusions On the basis of the results of our study, we can conclude that the office-based team model used by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Massachusetts for the delivery of outpatient anesthesia is safe with a low complication rate.
Exploring students’ engagement with place-based environmental challenges through filmmaking: A case study from the Lens on Climate Change program

AbstractThe Lens on Climate Change (LOCC) is an informal, place-based science program designed to engage middle and high school students from underserved groups in learning and communicating about ...
Distractor familiarity reveals the importance of configural information in musical notation

The study of perceptual expertise in a visual domain requires the definition of boundaries for the objects that are part of the domain in question. Unlike other well-studied domains, such as faces or words, the domain of musical notation has been lacking in efforts to identify critical features that define the objects of music reading. In the present study, we took advantage of the distractor familiarity effect in visual search. We asked participants to search for a prespecified target note among familiar/unfamiliar distractor notes when two features of musical notation, dot–stem configuration (the way of connecting the dot and the stem of a note) and connectedness (whether or not the dot and the stem of a note were connected), were manipulated. A participant’s level of music-reading expertise predicted the magnitude of the distractor familiarity effect only when the dot–stem configuration was diagnostic for the search. Connectedness did not induce a distractor familiarity effect, regardless of its diagnosticity. Dot–stem configuration is a defining feature of music notes, helping to characterize the boundaries of the domain of music-reading expertise. This work has also improved on the tasks used to quantify expertise in reading musical notation.
Paclitaxel-Coated Peripheral Arterial Devices are Associated with Reduced Mortality in Younger Patients

Background Paclitaxel-coated devices have been shown to decrease restenosis when used in the femoropopliteal artery. Recent reports have suggested a possible risk of increased late mortality in patients treated with paclitaxel. It has been suggested that younger patients and those with limited comorbidities may be at higher risk. Our objective was to analyze long-term mortality based on patient age comparing treatment with paclitaxel to uncoated devices. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 1,170 consecutive patients who underwent femoropopliteal percutaneous intervention by angioplasty, atherectomy, stent placement, or combination between 2011 and 2018. Patients were grouped by age at the time of procedure: 80 years old (n = 291, 24.9%). Within each group, patients were further divided by use of paclitaxel. The primary outcome measure was survival assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differences between the groups were analyzed with analysis of variance. Multivariable analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Of the 1,170 patients who underwent femoropopliteal percutaneous intervention, 654 (55.9%) received a paclitaxel-coated device during treatment and 516 (44.1%) did not. Mean age of the overall patient cohort was 70.4 ± 12.6 years and 663 (56.7%) were male. When comparing the groups by age we found an increase in age but a decrease in the proportion of patients who smoke. The use of paclitaxel-coated devices was similar across the groups ( 80 years old, 52.6%; P = 0.45). Demographics and comorbidities were similar between the patients treated with and without paclitaxel within each age group except more males in the 80-year-old group treated with paclitaxel. In patients 80-year-old group (46.6% vs. 32.8%; P = 0.65). Conclusions Our data suggest that the use of paclitaxel-coated arterial devices is not associated with increased mortality. On the contrary, our data show that younger patients treated with paclitaxel show improved survival compared with those treated without paclitaxel. Paclitaxel-coated devices may be used with continued caution especially in patients at high risk for restenosis.
Urban Mobility and Activity Space

Recent theoretical and methodological advances in urban sociology, including spatially located data, provide new opportunities to consider the joint influence of mobility and place in urban social ...
ClO + ClO → Products: A Case Study in Halogen Monoxide Disproportionation and Recombination Reactions

The phenomenon of ozone depletion in the springtime Arctic boundary layer is similar in several respects to the ozone hole in the Antarctic stratosphere. In both cases, heterogeneous chemistry on ice and acid-ice surfaces may be responsible for altering the partitioning of halogen-containing species between long-lived and photochemically labile forms. As a result of this repartitioning, the mixing ratios of ClO and BrO radicals become sufficiently high that self-reactions of these species can become the dominant rate-limiting steps in catalytic ozone destruction cycles. It is important, therefore, to understand the rates and mechanisms of these reactions under ambient atmospheric conditions.
The Nature of the Fintech Firm and its Implications for Financial Regulation

This chapter explores recent Fintech innovations through the lens of Ronald Coase’s classic article: The Nature of the Firm. Applying a transaction cost analysis, the chapter argues that developments in computer technology, data processing, and information networks are reshaping the manner in which financial services are produced, unsettling the boundaries separating regulated firms from outside vendors and open market transactions. These changes raise challenging questions as to the appropriate contours of regulatory perimeters as well as the structure of regulation and supervision in the many area of financial regulation. Fintech innovations also have the potential to be harnessed to serve public purposes, including expanding access to financial services and improving supervisory practices. At a minimum, Fintech innovations and most especially machine learning and artificial intelligence complicate the application of legal doctrines based on human intentionality. More broadly, the scale and scope of these technological developments may lead to a fundamentally rethinking of the appropriate goals of regulatory policy for financial firms and the economy more broadly, particularly with respect to privacy and the accumulation of personal information in private and public hands.
“Acute Respiratory Distress and Cytokine Storm in Aged, SARS-CoV-2 Infected African Green Monkeys, but not in Rhesus Macaques”

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 induces a wide range of disease severity ranging from asymptomatic infection, to a life-threating illness, particularly in the elderly and persons with comorbid conditions. Among those persons with serious COVID-19 disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common and often fatal presentation. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifest severe disease are needed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 induced ARDS and evaluate therapeutic strategies. Here we report ARDS in two aged African green monkeys (AGMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 that demonstrated pathological lesions and disease similar to severe COVID-19 in humans. We also report a comparatively mild COVID-19 phenotype characterized by minor clinical, radiographic and histopathologic changes in the two surviving, aged AGMs and four rhesus macaques (RMs) infected with SARS-CoV-2. We found dramatic increases in circulating cytokines in three of four infected, aged AGMs but not in infected RMs. All of the AGMs showed increased levels of plasma IL-6 compared to baseline, a predictive marker and presumptive therapeutic target in humans infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, our results show that both RM and AGM are capable of modeling SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that aged AGMs may be useful for modeling severe disease manifestations including ARDS.
Does Small High School Reform Life Urban Districts? Evidence from New York City

Research finds that small high schools deliver better outcomes than large high schools for urban students. An important outstanding question is whether this better performance is gained at the expense of losses elsewhere: Does small school reform lift the whole district? We explore New York City’s small high school reform in which hundreds of new small high schools were built in less than a decade. We use rich individual student data on four cohorts of New York City high school students and estimate effects of schools on student outcomes. Our results suggest that the introduction of small schools improved outcomes for students in all types of schools: large, small, continuously operating, and new. Small school reform lifted all boats.
A Review of Studies of the Association of Vision-Related Quality of Life with Measures of Visual Function and Structure in Patients with Glaucoma in the United States

Purpose: To investigate the association of quality of life (QoL) with ocular structure and function in glaucoma patients, and to identify which aspects of QoL are most closely tied to Visual Field (VF) and Visual Acuity (VA).Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of studies on QoL in glaucoma patients using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (from 1 January 1997 to 7 December 2019). A total of 21 studies in the United States that used the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ) or 51-item NEI VFQ were included. A descriptive analysis of data from the selected studies was conducted. The association between QoL scores and visual function and structure was investigated by ranking the strength of association on a scale from 1 (weakest) to 12 (strongest).Results: Studies reported correlations between QoL scores and Visual Structure. Associations were also reported between QoL and Visual Function both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, with a stronger association of VF and VA with distance activities (average ranking 9.1 and 9.6), vision-specific dependency (8.7 and 8.9), and driving (8.6 and 9.7). Vision-specific mental health (6.5 and 4.9), vision-specific social functioning (8.4 and 6.2), and vision-specific role difficulties (7.1 and 6.6) domains were more associated with VF than with VA.Conclusion: Our study was the first to quantify and rank the strength of association between visual function and QoL domains. Driving and psycho-social QoL domains tended to be most affected by glaucoma-related deterioration of visual function. QoL scores could be used for more patient-centered disease management.
Class 3 obesity is not associated with same-day admission in obese patients undergoing parathyroidectomy.

Abstract Importance Rising rates of obesity and outpatient performance of parathyroidectomies are making it increasingly crucial to investigate the association of obesity with post-operative complications. Objective To determine whether Class 3 obesity is associated with increased same-day admission compared to lower obesity classes following outpatient parathyroidectomy. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Outpatient surgery. Patients 12,973 patients ≥18 years old who underwent outpatient parathyroidectomy between 2014 and 2016, per the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program registry. Interventions Primary exposure variable: body mass index (BMI), with patients assigned to one of six cohorts. Measurements Primary outcome measure: same-day admission. Secondary outcome measure: 30-day readmission. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main results There was a final sample size of 12,973 adult patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 2014 to 2016. The admission rate for BMI ≥30 and Conclusions There is no significant difference in rates of same-day admission or 30-day readmission between any Class 3 (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) obesity cohort and the Class 1 and 2 (BMI ≥30 and
Comparing post-induction hypoxemia between ramped and supine position endotracheal intubations with apneic oxygenation in the emergency department

INTRODUCTION Ramped position and apneic oxygenation are strategies to mitigate hypoxemia; however, the benefits of these strategies when utilized together remain unclear. Therefore, we compared first-attempt, postinduction hypoxemia between adult emergency department (ED) endotracheal intubations performed with apneic oxygenation in the ramped versus supine positions. METHODS We used the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR), a multicenter registry of data on ED intubations from 25 academic and community sites. We included first-attempt intubations with direct (DL) and video (VL) laryngoscopy in subjects ≥ 18 years old with nontrauma indications receiving apneic oxygenation. We examined patient characteristics (e.g., sex, obesity) and key intubation outcomes, including hypoxemia (primary outcome), first-pass success, and other adverse events (e.g., bradycardia). In addition, we examined unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted ORs (aOR) for key variables and stratified by laryngoscope type. RESULTS We included 210 ramped cases and 1,820 supine cases in the DL cohort and 202 ramped and 1,626 supine cases in the VL cohort. Rates of postinduction hypoxemia were similar between supine and ramped position in both the DL cohort (supine 6.5% and ramped 7.6%, aOR [95% CI] = 0.96 [0.55 to 1.67]) and the VL cohort (supine 10.1% and ramped 12.4%, aOR [95% CI] = 0.97 [0.60 to 1.56]). Other outcomes were also similar between groups. CONCLUSION Using this large national data set, we did not identify a difference in postinduction hypoxemia between ramped and supine positions in this cohort of ED intubations with apneic oxygenation.
Logistics Modeling in the 1980’s: A Decade of Challenges

The area of logistics will face considerable environmental changes in the next decade. These changes will create many challenges for logistics modeling efforts. These challenges, to a large degree, are delineated by logistics modeling in the 1970’s. A review of modeling efforts in logistics in the last decade is presented. The next decade and the role of logistics modeling are discussed in terms of what the author considers to be the major factors affecting logistics in the 1980’s.
Tetrahymena as a laboratory organism: useful strains, cell culture, and cell line maintenance.

Publisher Summary A key to the usefulness of Tetrahymena as a laboratory organism is its exceptionally fast growth rate under simple and inexpensive culture conditions. With a doubling time under 2 h, Tetrahymena is one of the fastest multiplying free-living eukaryotic cells. This chapter describes useful inbred and mutant strains, growth media, and some basic methods for laboratory storage and culture of Tetrahymena cells. Panels of meiotic segregants and terminal assortants derived from heterozygous progeny of inbred strains B × C3 are used to map genetic loci and DNA polymorphisms to the micronuclear and macronuclear genomes. Tetrahymena cells possess two efficient and sufficient routes of nutrient uptake: phagocytosis of particulate matter and active transport of nutrients in solution. Deionized and distilled H2O of high purity as well as dedicated glassware are used to make media, as Tetrahymena cells are sensitive to impurities in the water and soap residue on the glassware.
PTSD and traumatic stress from gene to community and bench to bedside.

Individuals and communities are exposed to traumatic events, those that are accidents or naturally occurring and those that are intentional or human made. Although resilience is the expected response, for some, posttraumatic stress disorder may be the outcome. Brain models of PTSD require understanding the phenomenology of the disorder and the brain “break down” that occurs. Among several models, importantly, is the perspective that PTSD is a “forgetting” disorder. Other elements in the onset and triggers of PTSD can identify further models to examine at the bench. New studies of the 5-HT2A receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor, p11, mitochondrial genes and cannabinoids are bringing new perspectives to understanding brain function in PTSD. Effective treatments indicate areas for bench research on the mechanisms of the disorder.
Organizational change and development: The efficacy of transformational leadership training

Purpose – The correlation between transformational and contingent reward leadership behaviors and desired organizational outcomes is well established. The degree to which these behaviors can be taught and deployed for organizational benefit is considerably less well documented. Explored even less is the extent to which transformational leadership training impacts desired organizational outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which the positive correlational relationship among transformational leadership, organizational outcomes, and productivity, extensively reported in the leadership literature, can be affirmed.Design/methodology/approach – A large manufacturing organization, which had failed to achieve expected productivity improvements following major capital expenditures, undertook a comprehensive program to increase first‐line supervisors’ contingent reward and transformational leadership behaviors.Findings – Consistent with prior studies, a significant positive relationship b...
Electroanalytical Chemistry in Clinical Analysis

Clinical electrochemistry has historically been limited to the detection of blood gases, physiological pH, and alkali metal cations using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). In recent years, current flow techniques have been introduced allowing for the detection and quantification of a variety of proteins and metabolites. Key to this type of analysis is the development of an electrode interface which is both catalytic and selective for the analyte of interest. To this end, a wide variety of chemically modified electrode (CME) interfaces have been developed. Such interfaces are often based on the interaction of a redox enzyme with the analyte of interest. In addition, interfaces composed of immunospecific elements or size specific elements have been examined as selective electrode surfaces.
Observation of Dislocations and Twins in Explosively Compacted Alumina

The microstructure at the half-radius position of a polycrystalline alumina rod formed by explosive compaction has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The as-compacted lattice is composed of differently misoriented bands aligned predominantly in one direction. Such bands may correspond to frequently observed shock lamellae. The band edges are defined by dislocation arrays lying on the basal planes of the hexagonal alumina lattice. The dislocations have Burgers vectors of the type \(\left\{ {11\bar 20} \right\}and\left\{ {10\bar 10} \right\}\), which are the Burgers vectors of slip dislocations in the basal plane. Basal plane twinning is also observed, and the twin boundaries are found to contain interfacial dislocations. While dislocation generation occurs primarily on basal planes, some dislocation activity is also noted on prism, \(\left\{ {1\bar 100} \right\}\), and on rhombohedral, \(\left\{ {1\bar 101} \right\}\), planes. Nonbasal twinning, however, has not been detected. The lattice damage is discussed in terms of possible dislocation and twinning mechanisms.
Natural Enemies: Microbial antagonists combating plant pathogens and plant parasitic nematodes

In the field of plant pathology, the focus for biological control is on suppressing plant disease, much more than on thinking of biological control as controlling specific individual organisms that cause disease. It follows that emphasis is placed on use of antagonists to make certain that plants are not injured, while entomologists working in biological control often place more emphasis on impacts of natural enemies on densities of specific pests. Finding antagonists When antagonists are present in the correct microhabitat and are active, plant disease does not occur. However, lack of disease does not especially prove that antagonists are present because while the pathogen may be absent conditions might not be correct for the pathogen to be active so its presence would go undetected. Even if disease is occurring, antagonists might be present yet inactive. How are antagonists of plant pathogens found? Typically, they are isolated from the same habitats where their target pathogens live – from plant tissues or from the soil. Sometimes in a field of diseased plants, a few plants are very obviously healthy. These healthy plants might have escaped disease due to the presence of naturally occurring antagonists that suppress the pathogen affecting neighboring plants. Microbes isolated from the healthy plants have the promise of being antagonists. Antagonists occurring in the soil have been identified in much the same way as those isolated from healthy plants.
The temperature dependence of theg-shifts of conduction electrons in pure and impure alkali metals

Theg-shifts of conduction electrons in pure and impure alkali metals have been calculated by taking the average over the Fermi surface along the [100], [110] and [111] directions. The conduction-electron wave functions are approximated by taking orthogonalized plane waves orthogonal to the core states and are the irreducible representations in the double group. The calculatedg-shift for Li is —6.7·10−5 which is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental result (—6.1±0.2)·10−5. The temperature dependence of theg-shift is obtained when the integration over theK-vector involves the Fermi-Dirac distribution. Theg value for Li shifts only about 0.3% from a temperature of 4°K to 500°K. The wave functions for the impure alkali metals are obtained by Bardeen expansion to second order around the center of the Brillouin zone.