cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spot test detection and spectrophotometric determination of azulene compounds with 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole or 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone

Abstract Two sensitive new methods are introduced for the spot test detection and spectrophotometric microdetermination of azulene and its compounds. With 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone, 0.05 μg. of azulene can be detected.
Synchrosqueezed wavelet transforms: An empirical mode decomposition-like tool

Abstract The EMD algorithm is a technique that aims to decompose into their building blocks functions that are the superposition of a (reasonably) small number of components, well separated in the time–frequency plane, each of which can be viewed as approximately harmonic locally, with slowly varying amplitudes and frequencies. The EMD has already shown its usefulness in a wide range of applications including meteorology, structural stability analysis, medical studies. On the other hand, the EMD algorithm contains heuristic and ad hoc elements that make it hard to analyze mathematically. In this paper we describe a method that captures the flavor and philosophy of the EMD approach, albeit using a different approach in constructing the components. The proposed method is a combination of wavelet analysis and reallocation method. We introduce a precise mathematical definition for a class of functions that can be viewed as a superposition of a reasonably small number of approximately harmonic components, and we prove that our method does indeed succeed in decomposing arbitrary functions in this class. We provide several examples, for simulated as well as real data.
Effects of electrophoresis and electroosmosis during alternating current iontophoresis across human epidermal membrane

Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that skin electrical resistance can be controlled by an alternating current (AC) electric field. By maintaining constant skin resistance, AC iontophoresis has been shown to reduce the iontophoretic flux variability of neutral permeants. Recently, it was found that symmetric square-wave AC could enhance iontophoretic transport of both neutral and ionic permeants by means of electrophoresis and/or electroosmosis in a synthetic membrane system, and a model was presented to describe the experimental results. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of AC voltage and frequency and direct current (DC) offset on the flux of neutral and ionic model permeants with human epidermal membrane (HEM). Experiments were conducted under two different conditions: constant AC voltage iontophoresis and iontophoresis using constant HEM resistance with DC offset voltage. The following are the main findings in these experiments. In the constant AC voltage study, when the permeability data were compared at the same HEM electrical resistance, it was demonstrated that AC even at high frequency (approximately 1 kHz) could enhance the transport of the ionic permeant (tetraethylammonium ion) across HEM, but no enhancement was observed for the neutral permeant (arabinose). For the ionic permeant flux enhancement, the higher the applied AC voltage, the greater the flux enhancement. There was little or no AC frequency dependence of the flux enhancement in the frequency range of 50-1000 Hz. In the constant HEM resistance study of AC with DC offset, approximately linear relationships were observed between flux enhancement and the DC offset voltage for both the neutral and ionic permeants, and these results were found to be consistent with predictions of the modified Nernst-Planck model for conventional constant voltage DC iontophoresis. When the DC offset voltage was increased, the AC component of the flux enhancement for the ionic permeant decreased, eventually appearing to contribute negligibly to the total flux enhancement at high DC offset voltages.
Controlled Growth of GaAs/AlAs(111)B Superlattices

In this study, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to investigate the growth conditions which produce the highest quality GaAs(111)B films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Low-temperature growth using both As4 and arsine as an As2 source produced highly twinned structures, although the use of As4 provided for a smoother surface and slightly different defect structure. Two distinct twin boundaries, (112)A and (112)B, were identified by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). The (112)A defect could be over-grown by a subsequent high temperature growth but the roughness associated with the (112)B defects only increased with further growth. High temperature growth of GaAs and AlAs films, while maintaining the GaAs(11)B $$\sqrt {19} \times \sqrt {19} $$ surface reconstruction, resulted in substantial reduction in the number of twins boundaries. We also found that GaAs(111)B layer quality and surface morphology can be further improved by a high temperature growth with low arsenic to Ga flux ratio of 1 to 1.5 on a slightly misoriented substrate.
High-time resolution of the low-latitude asymmetric disturbance in the geomagnetic field.

The low-latitude asymmetric disturbance field is investigated by means of a Fourier harmonic analysis performed on 2.5-min interspaced values of magnetic records from eight stations, in lieu of the hourly values used in Crooker and Siscoe's (1971) study. The major advantage of the higher time resolution is that substorm activity, which has a time scale of 1-2 hr, can be studied in detail. Data covering four active periods in 1965 and five active periods in 1967 are used.
Index of refraction and waveguiding in thin films of a conjugated polymer which exhibits stimulated emission

We report variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) measurements on thin films of a soluble derivative of poly-paraphenylenevinylene (PPV) in the emission region of the spectrum. We find that the films are birefringent, with a higher and more dispersive index of refraction for light polarized with its electric field in the plane of the film. Physically, this anisotropy is explained by preferential in-plane orientation of the polymer chains; a result of this orientation is that on typical substrates such as glass and quartz, only transverse-electric waveguide modes propagate in the polymer, while transverse-magnetic modes are evanescent. The implications of these data for amplified spontaneous emission and design of in-plane laser structures are discussed.
Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia

Four major storms that triggered debris flows in the Virginia‐West Virginia Appalachians provide new insights into the role of high-magnitude, low-frequency floods in longterm denudation and landscape evolution in mountainous terrain. Storm denudation in the Blue Ridge Mountain drainage basins is approximately an order of magnitude greater compared to basins located in the mountains of the Valley and Ridge province. This difference is probably the result of higher storm rainfall from the Blue Ridge storms. Radiocarbon dating of debris-flow deposits in the Blue Ridge indicates a debris-flow return interval of not more than 2‐4 k.y. in mountainous river basins. This finding, combined with measurements of basin denudation, suggests that approximately half of the long-term denudation from mechanical load occurs episodically by debris-flow processes. Although floods of moderate magnitude are largely responsible for mobilizing sediment in lowgradient streams, our data suggest that high-magnitude, low-frequency events are the most significant component in delivering coarse-grained regolith from mountainous hollows and channels to the lowland floodplains.
Woody plants, carbon allocation and fine roots

The ability of woody plants to survive for decades, centuries, sometimes millennia, is due in part to their capacity to withstand environmental stress by shifting their resources from roots, to shoots, to storage reserves.
The atmospheric signal of terrestrial carbon isotopic discrimination and its implication for partitioning carbon fluxes

The 13 C: 12 C ratio in atmospheric carbon dioxide has been measured in samples taken in the NOAA/CMDL network since 1991. By examining the relationship between weekly anomalies in δ 13 C and CO 2 at continental sites in the network, we infer temporal and spatial values for the isotopic signature of terrestrial CO 2 fluxes. We can convert these isotopic signatures to values of discrimination if we assume the atmospheric starting point for photosynthesis. The average discrimination in the Northern Hemisphere between 30 and 50°N is calculated to be 16.6 ± 0.2 per mil. In contrast to some earlier modeling studies, we find no strong latitudinal gradient in discrimination. However, we do observe that discrimination in Eurasia is larger than in North America, which is consistent with two modeling studies. We also observe a possible trend in the North American average of discrimination toward less discrimination. There is no apparent trend in the Eurasian average or at any individual sites. However, there is interannual variability on the order of 2 per mil at several sites and regions. Finally, we calculate the northern temperate terrestrial CO 2 flux replacing our previous discrimination values of about 18 per mil with the average value of 16.6 calculated in this study. We find this enhances the terrestrial sink by about 0.4 GtC yr −1 . DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00019.x
Impact of the Fracture Risk Assessment on Patient and Physician Behavior in Osteoporosis Prevention

Objective:To evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-directed osteoporosis screening program utilizing the fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool on patient and physician behavior.Methods:Postmenopausal women 45 to 65 years with Achilles T score <−1.0 not receiving bisphosphonate therapy were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group. All participants received a heel ultrasound and pharmacist education on risks of low bone mass. The intervention group received the FRAX and shared their results with their physician. Three months after screening, a telephonic questionnaire was administered to all participants.Results:A total of 749 patients were screened, with 87 meeting the enrollment criteria (43 control and 44 intervention). Physician behavior was not different between the groups with respect to ordering vitamin D levels, prescription medication, or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan. A significant difference in vitamin D supplementation occurred between the 2 groups (P = .024). At follow-up, 72....
Modalism and Logical Pluralism

Logical pluralism is the view according to which there is more than one relation of logical consequence, even within a given language. A recent articulation of this view has been developed in terms of quantification over different cases: classical logic emerges from consistent and complete cases; constructive logic from consistent and incomplete cases, and paraconsistent logic from inconsistent and complete cases. We argue that this formulation causes pluralism to collapse into either logical nihilism or logical universalism. In its place, we propose a modalist account of logical pluralism that is independently well motivated and that avoids these collapses.
Width minimization of field encoded outputs

A new technique for minimizing the width of programmable logic devices (PLDs) is introduced. A weighting technique is introduced, which assigns a weight to each micro-order equal to the size of the largest reserved class containing it. The micro-orders with the largest weights are tripped from each class to form a stripped set. The stripped microorders are tested for compatibility, and a new set of compatibility classes is formed from the stripped microorders, and the microorders in the reserved classes only. The average accuracy, ((PLD width obtained)/(minimum PLD width)), of the new technique was 99.85%. >
RAMON: rapid-mobility network emulator

In wireless networks, as in many areas of engineering, simulation has been the de facto standard for testing, dimensioning and analyzing mobile protocols. Emulation, which presents a lower cost, more accurate, yet more complex engineering alternative to simulation, has not been widely used in mobile computing studies. RAMON is a software/hardware emulator tailored to mimic the realistic characteristics of wireless networks. RAMON is especially designed to study how mobile protocols cope with high vehicular speeds. The main advantage of RAMON is the rapid, cost-effective and accurate testing it provides. This ranges from proper identification of protocol bottlenecks, to testing of newly available wireless networks and hardware and software devices.
Tema 1951-1962: the Evolution of a Planned City in West Africa:

This study traces the development of a modern planned city in tropical Africa, during its first twelve years of growth. The construction of an artificial harbour and town was undertaken after World War II in connexion with the Volta River Project, though it fulfilled a long-recognised need for a port in south-eastern Ghana. Tema, a typical coastal village, was selected in 1951 because of its favourable site characteristics and its nearness to Accra. Actual development of the new city was, however, beset by a variety of problems, e.g. the lack of a single authority to integrate the planning of the harbour area and the city proper, an uncertain commitment with regard to the growth of the industrial sector, the resistance of the original Tema villagers to a government scheme for their resettlement, and constant revisions in projections of optimum population size. The port of Tema was officially opened in 1962, and the city's future as an entrepot and industrial centre now seems assured.
An implementation and performance analysis of spatial data access methods

Four spatial data access methods, R-trees, K-D-B-trees, R+trees, and 2-D-Isam, have been implemented within a preliminary version of the POSTGRES DBMS (database management system). These access methods have been tested over a range of shapes and sizes of two-dimensional objects and for a range of logical page sizes. The CPU time, number of disk reads and writes, and the resulting tree sizes have been tabulated for insert and retrieve operations. It is concluded that R-trees provide the best tradeoff between performance and implementation complexity and that choice of implementation is crucial to the performance of all the methods investigated. >
Cardiovascular Status of Childhood Cancer Survivors Exposed and Unexposed to Cardiotoxic Therapy

Purpose To determine whether cardiovascular abnormalities in childhood cancer survivors are restricted to patients exposed to cardiotoxic anthracyclines and cardiac irradiation and how risk factors for atherosclerotic disease and systemic inflammation contribute to global cardiovascular status. Methods We assessed echocardiographic characteristics and atherosclerotic disease risk in 201 survivors of childhood cancer with and without exposure to cardiotoxic treatments at a median of 11 years after diagnosis (range, 3 to 32 years) and in 76 sibling controls. Results The 156 exposed survivors had below normal left ventricular (LV) mass, wall thickness, contractility, and fractional shortening and above normal LV afterload. The 45 unexposed survivors also had below normal LV mass overall, and females had below normal LV wall thickness. Exposed and unexposed survivors, compared with siblings, had higher levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (81.7 and 69.0 pg/mL, respectively, v 39.4 pg/mL), higher mean fasting serum levels of non– high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (126.5 and 121.1 mg/dL, respectively, v 109.8 mg/dL), higher insulin levels (10.4 and 10.5 U/mL, respectively, v 8.2 U/mL), and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.7 and 3.1 mg/L, respectively, v 0.9 mg/L; P .001 for all comparisons). Age-adjusted, predicted-to-ideal 30-year risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary death was also higher for exposed and unexposed survivors compared with siblings (2.16 and 2.12, respectively, v 1.70; P .01 for both comparisons). Conclusion Childhood cancer survivors not receiving cardiotoxic treatments nevertheless have cardiovascular abnormalities, systemic inflammation, and an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease. Survivorship guidelines should address cardiovascular concerns, including the risk of atherosclerotic disease and systemic inflammation, in exposed and unexposed survivors. J Clin Oncol 30:1050-1057. © 2012 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Welfare Reform and Housing: Assessing the Impact to Substance Abusers

The addiction disability (Supplemental Security Income and Social Security Disability Income program for drug abuse and alcoholism) was terminated by Congress in December 1996 as part of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA). Discussions about welfare reform policies in the latter 20th century have centered on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) receipt by the general population. Far less attention has been paid to programs such as the addiction disability that were also affected by the PRWORA. Our purpose is to study the effect of this policy change on the housing status of former addiction disability recipients and to also explore whether and how disruptions in living situations increased risks for drug and alcohol use, criminal participation and victimization. We utilize insights from two major sociological theories of housing or homelessness, i.e., individualistic and structural, to guide our exploration of the policy's impact on housing. A qua...
Multi-GeV Electron Linac-Pulse Stretcher Design Options

The Linac-Pulse Stretcher Ring system is evaluated as a design for a high duty factor (> 90%), intense (240 ?A), electron accelerator for operation in the 0.5 to multi-GeV (> 4 GeV) region. Options within this system are discussed in light of their predicted initial and operational cost, flexibility, and reliability. The ramifications of the choice of a particular cavity type, accelerating gradient, repetition rate, beam pulse length, and number of beam recirculations for the linac design are discussed both with respect to the linac itself and to the Pulse Stretcher Ring. The Pulse Stretcher Ring concept is analysed in terms of injection schemes (single or multi-turn), extraction methods (half or third integer, chromatic or achromatic), and operation parameters (machine tune and chromaticity).
Developing Reverse Logistics Programs: A Resource Based View

Previous research proposes a six-process model for reverse logistics (RL) program design and execution. This manuscript advances RL related knowledge by incorporating the previous model into a broader theoretical framework, namely, the Resource Based View (RBV) of the firm. The current research employs exploratory techniques to investigate the applicability of RBV and its main tenants within the RL context. Based on in-depth interviews with 16 executives from seven different companies, the relationships among resources, RL capabilities, and RL competencies are explored.
Toxicity, biodistribution, and convection-enhanced delivery of the boronated porphyrin bopp in the 9L intracerebral rat glioma model

Purpose: To investigate the toxicity, biodistribution, and convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of a boronated porphyrin (BOPP) that was designed for boron neutron capture therapy and photodynamic therapy. Methods and Materials: For the toxicity study, Fischer 344 rats were injected with graded concentrations of BOPP (35–100 mg/kg) into the tail vein. For boron biodistribution studies, 9L tumor-bearing rats received BOPP either systematically (intravenously) or locally. Results: All rats that received 70 mg/kg BOPP and 70% of rats that received ≤60 mg/kg BOPP i.v. either had to be euthanized or died within 4 days of injection. In the biodistribution study, boron levels were relatively high in liver, kidney, spleen, and adrenal gland tissue, and moderate levels were found in all other organs. The maximum tumor boron concentration was 21.4 μg/g at 48 h after i.v. injection; this concentration of boron in brain tumors is at the low end of the range considered optimal for therapy. In addition, the tumor/blood ratio (approximately 1.2) was not optimal. When BOPP was delivered directly into intracerebral 9L tumors with CED, we obtained tumor boron concentrations much greater than those obtained by i.v. injection. Convection-enhanced delivery of 1.5 mg BOPP produced an average tumor boron level of 519 μg/g and a tumor/blood ratio of approximately 1850:1. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that changing the method of BOPP delivery from i.v. to CED significantly enhances the boron concentration in tumors and produces very favorable tumor/brain and tumor/blood ratios.
Variation by Diagnostic and Practice Pattern Groups in the Mobility Outcomes of Inpatient Rehabilitation Programs for Children and Youth

Background and Purpose . The purpose of this study was to describe variation in functional mobility outcomes among children and youth with different diagnoses and belonging to groups with different practice patterns from an inpatient pediatric rehabilitation hospital setting. Subjects . A sample of 138 individuals between the ages of 1 and 22 years (X=9.4, SD=5.3) was enrolled. Methods . Physical therapists administered the “Mobility” domain of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory at the time of admission and at the time of discharge. Mobility level (combined admission and discharge scores) and amount of change between and within 4 diagnostic groups (traumatic brain injury, non–traumatic brain injury, orthopedic, and neurological) and 5 neuromuscular and musculoskeletal practice pattern groups were calculated, and post hoc analyses were done for specific contrast comparisons. Results . Mobility scores between admission and discharge for all subgroups were different. Practice pattern groups were useful for identifying variations in level of motor performance. Diagnostic groups best described differences in mobility change during inpatient rehabilitation. Discussion and Conclusion . The use of practice patterns as grouping categories may enhance our understanding of variation in clinical outcomes of children during inpatient rehabilitation.
Organic Carbon Transport in the Columbia River

Total organic carbon (TOC) levels in the Columbia River measured monthly from May 1973 to December 1974 ranged from a maximum of 270 μmol l −1 during late spring and early summer to a minimum of 150 μmol l −1 during late autumn. Sampling locations were directly behind the spillway at the Bonneville Dam, 230 km upstream, and at Kalama, Washington, 128km upstream from the river mouth. The average annual TOC contribution from the Columbia River drainage to the north-eastern Pacific is 4·9×10 10 mol with an average concentration of approximately 195μmol l −1 . Of this TOC annual export, 89% is dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and 11% is particulate organic carbon (OOC). The TOC and DOC levels were most highly correlated with increased oxygen saturation and dischange, while POC correlated more closely to high instream primary productivy as indicated by higher pH and oxygen supersaturation. Variability of DOC in the main channel of the Columbia River from Portland, Oregon, to the estuary during a June 1974 cruise was minimal. The DOC concentrations ranged from 221–260 μmol l −1 with no significant upstream or downstream gradients. Diel variation also was slight, varying randomly during 24h between 235–257 μmol l −1 . The relative annual constancy of the DOC is indicative of the refractory nature of a significant proportion of the dissolved organic load of the Columbia River.
Alteration of α-spectrin ubiquitination after hemorrhagic shock

Abstract Background RBC deformability after trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) leads to the microcirculatory dysfunction and clinical manifestations of organ failure. However, the cellular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unknown. Spectrins are important for the shape and physical properties of erythrocytes, such as deformability and resistance to mechanical stress. Previous studies have shown that erythrocyte α-spectrin is ubiquitinated. Studies of sickled cells and aged erythrocytes, 2 conditions known to have decreased RBC deformability, have shown decreased α-spectrin ubiquitination, which may contribute to the inability of these cells to change shape. It was hypothesized that decreased α-spectrin ubiquitination could participate in the mechanism(s) whereby T/HS erythrocytes become less deformable. Methods The level of α-spectrin ubiquitination in erythrocytes isolated from T/HS rats was determined and compared with erythrocytes from control sham-shocked (T/SS) animals. After T/SS (n = 4) or T/HS (n = 7), α- and β-spectrin subunits were isolated using a low ionic–strength buffer at 37°C for 30 minutes. The relative amount of ubiquitinated α-spectrin was evaluated by Western blotting using a monoclonal antibody to ubiquitin. Results The relative level of α-spectrin ubiquitination (normalized to total α-spectrin in the same preparation) was found to be significantly decreased after T/HS (.319 ± .03) compared with T/SS control erythrocytes (.485 ± .06, P Conclusions The finding of decreased α-spectrin ubiquitination after T/HS suggests that this mechanism could contribute to increased rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane.
Self-Concept Motivation as Mediator Between Self-Image Congruence and Attitude/Intention

Four self-image congruence models are popular in the consumer behavior literature. These are: actual self-congruity (the match between the product user image and consumer’s actual self-image), ideal self-congruity (involving the consumer's ideal self-image), social self-congruity (involving the consumer's social self-image), and ideal social self-congruity (involving the consumer's ideal social self-image). The underlying self-concept motivational states that have been used to explain how the self-congruity models affect consumer behavior (brand preference, choice, usage, loyalty, etc.) are self-consistency, self-esteem, social consistency, and social approval motivation, in that order. A study was conducted involving eight products and 428 subjects designed to develop measures for the four self-concept motivational states and test the mediation hypothesis. Internal consistency reliability tests indicated adequate reliability. The data provided support for the mediation hypothesis, lending initial support for the validity of the measures.
Coding for Free-space Optical Channels

High bandwidth demands in metropolitan area networks (MANs) and requirements for flexible and cost-effective service cause the imbalance known as the “last mile bottleneck.” Fiber-optics, RF, and copper/coaxial lines are the main state-of-the-art technologies to address the high bandwidth requirements. The incompatibility of RF/microwave and optical communication technologies due to large bandwidth mismatch between RF and optical channels is now widely believed to be the limiting factor in efforts to further increase the transport capabilities in the future. For this reason, RF/microwave–optical interface solutions that will enable aggregating multiple RF/microwave channels into an optical channel are becoming increasingly important. Free-space optical (FSO) communication is the technology that can address any connectivity needed in optical networks, be in a core, edge, or access [1, 2]. In MANs, the FSO can be used to extend the existing MAN rings; in enterprise, the FSO can be used to enable local area network (LAN)-to-LAN connectivity and intercampus connectivity; and the FSO is an excellent candidate for the last-mile connectivity. However, an optical wave propagating through the air experiences fluctuations in amplitude and phase due to atmospheric turbulence. The intensity fluctuation, also known as the scintillation, is one of the most important factors that degrade the performance of an FSO communication link, even under the clear sky condition. FSO links are considered as a viable solution for the last mile bottleneck problem because of the following properties: (1) high directivity of the optical beam provides high power efficiency and spatial isolation from other potential interferers, a property not inherent in RF/microwave communications, (2) the FSO transmission is unlicensed, (3) large fractional-bandwidth coupled with high optical gain using moderate powers permits very high-data rate transmission, (4) the state-of-the art fiber-optics-communications employ intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD), and the components for IM/DD are widely available, and (5) the FSO links are relatively easy to install and easily accessible for repositioning when necessary. The FSO communication may also be considered as an enabling technology to bring different technologies together and easy to integrate with variety of interfaces and network elements.
CDK2 and CKI targeting can significantly lower the cellular senescence bar – reveals a mathematical model of G1/S checkpoint pathway

Cellular senescence, a mechanism employed by cells for thwarting proliferation, has shown to play an important role in protecting cells against cancer development in recent experimental observations, indicating that a deeper understanding of the cellular senescence pathway can help exploit its capacity for more effective cancer treatment. Furthermore, some experimental evidence points out that inhibition of CDK2 or Skp2 can be the critical trigger for cellular senescence. However, no mathematical model has been developed to highlight cellular senescence until now. In this study, we first implement a mathematical model of G1/S transition involving the DNA-damage pathway to highlight cellular senescence by lowering the critical trigger- CDK2. For this, we focus on the behaviour of two important proteins (E2F and CycE) for several reduced CDK2 levels under two DNA-damage conditions by calculating the probability (x) of DNA-damaged cells passing the G1/S. Our recently published results from the same model indicated that a large percentage of damaged cells pass G1/S under normal CDK2 levels, reaching x values of up to 65% under high level of DNA damage. The current study reveals that reduced CDK2 levels can significantly lower the percentage of damaged cells passing the G1/S; in particular, 50% reduction in CDK2 achieves 65% reduction in the passage of damaged cells. Furthermore, the model analyses the relationship between CDK2 and its CKIs in search of other effective ways to bring forward cellular senescence. Results show that the degradation rate of p21 and initial concentration of p27 can be effectively used to lower the senescence threshold. Specifically, p27 is the most effective, followed by CDK2 and p21. However, the combined effect of CDK2 and CKIs is dramatic with CDK2/p27 combination almost totally arresting the passage of damaged cells. Biologists may wish to validate the efficacy of these targets for treating cancer.
The actin-bundling motility protein fascin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are universally over-expressed in human angiosarcoma

10068 Background: Angiosarcoma is a highly aggressive soft tissue malignancy with a dismal progression-free survival (PFS). Treatment options for disseminated disease are limited and present system...
Effect of norepinephrine on rat basilar artery in vivo

In anesthetized rats, we used a cranial window to examine effects of topical norepinephrine on diameter of the basilar artery in vivo. Topical application of norepinephrine increased the diameter of the basilar artery. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, inhibited vasodilatation to acetylcholine but did not attenuate dilator responses to norepinephrine. Indomethacin also did not attenuate vasodilatation in response to norepinephrine. Dilatation of the basilar artery to norepinephrine was inhibited by propranolol and the beta 1-antagonist atenolol but not by the beta 2-antagonist butoxamine. Thus dilatation of the basilar artery in response to norepinephrine is produced by activation of beta 1-receptors and is not mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor or prostanoids. Glibenclamide, a selective inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, partially inhibited vasodilatation in response to norepinephrine. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, also increased the diameter of the basilar artery, and glibenclamide attenuated the dilatation. Thus dilatation of rat basilar artery in response to norepinephrine is mediated, in part, by activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and activation of these K+ channels may be achieved by an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent mechanism.
FEM numerical model study of electrosurgical dispersive electrode design parameters

Electrosurgical dispersive electrodes must safely carry the surgical current in monopolar procedures, such as those used in cutting, coagulation and radio frequency ablation (RFA). Of these, RFA represents the most stringent design constraint since ablation currents are often more than 1 to 2 Arms (continuous) for several minutes depending on the size of the lesion desired and local heat transfer conditions at the applicator electrode. This stands in contrast to standard surgical activations, which are intermittent, and usually less than 1 Arms, but for several seconds at a time. Dispersive electrode temperature rise is also critically determined by the sub-surface skin anatomy, thicknesses of the subcutaneous and supra-muscular fat, etc.
PNEUMATOSIS CYSTOIDES INTESTINALIS: CHARACTERISTICS AND REPORT OF FOUR CASES.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare, benign disease of uncertain cause. Frequently it is associated with trauma, gastrointestinal or pulmonary disease, and treatment is almost always conservative.
Acoustic Radiation from High-Speed Turbulent Boundary Layers in a Tunnel-like Environment

Direct numerical simulation of acoustic radiation from a turbulent boundary layer in a cylindrical domain will be conducted under the flow conditions corresponding to those at the nozzle exit of the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel (BAM6QT) operated under noisy-flow conditions with a total pressure p(sub t) of 225 kPa and a total temperature of T(sub t) equal to 430 K. Simulations of acoustic radiation from a turbulent boundary layer over a flat surface are used as a reference configuration to illustrate the effects of the cylindrical enclosure. A detailed analysis of acoustic freestream disturbances in the cylindrical domain will be reported in the final paper along with a discussion pertaining to the significance of the flat-plate acoustic simulations and guidelines concerning the modeling of the effects of an axisymmetric tunnel wall on the noise field.
Neoclassical Theism and Spiritual Exercises: Pierre Hadot and Nikos Kazantzakis on Askesis

Relying on Pierre Hadot’s concept of philosophy as spiritual exercise, I examine Nikos Kazantzakis’ magnum opus Askitiki: Salvatores Dei (translated in English as The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises ). Specifically, I examine the extent to which Kazantzakis offers a version of spiritual exercise appropriate for neoclassical theism, analogous to St. Ignatius’ version of spiritual exercise in the service of classical theism.
Lowering the costs of satellite operations - Lessons learned from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) mission

The lessons we have learned from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer have been key to the development of a low-cost model for spacecraft operations. We have developed principles of project management, integrated design, lifecycle continuity, and human factors management that will help guide the development of the next generation of space missions. This model has been applied to several NASA projects, including Space Station studies and the Mars Observer mission. Using this approach has lowered costs and has given scientists the capability of interactively controlling their instruments from their home laboratories. In follow-on studies, u e have developed generic operations system tools, as part of an Operations and Science Instrument Support (OASIS) package. The OASI: packages are being used by a growing number of scientists in a range of disciplines.
Relationship between Ego Development and Attitudes toward Women

Sunm~y.-This study examined the relationship between liberal attitudes toward the role of women (as measured by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale) and mature ego level (as measured by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test) in 56 freshman women volunteers (28 enrolled in Women's Studies and 28 in freshman English). Liberal attitudes were positively correlated (.21 to .39) with both global measures of ego development for each group of subjects. These findings suggest that an important dimension of the Women's Movement may be the espousal of principles of self-realization and identity associated with higher ego level. The present study explored the relationship between ego development as measured by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test (Loevinger & Wessler, 1970) and attitudes toward feminism and the role of women as measured by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (Spence & Helmreich, 1972). The subjects were 56 freshman women volunteers, 28 enrolled in introduction to Women's Studies and 28 enrolled in freshman English. Students took the Sentence Completion Test and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale at the beginning of fall quarter 1974.
Formation of framework nacre polypeptide supramolecular assemblies that nucleate polymorphs.

The formation of aragonite in the mollusk shell nacre layer is linked to the assembly of framework protein complexes that interact with β-chitin polysaccharide. What is not yet understood is how fr...
Research on OGSI-compliant Grid Schedule System Based on Agents

OGSI-compliant grid system is proposed.In order to adapt to the dynamic and complex grid environment,the mobile agent and static agent are used at different circumstances to implement the system.The interaction workflow between the agent and grid services in grid schedule is also given.The migration of the mobile agent schedule is discussed.
Intrapartum amniotic fluid index and two-diameter pocket are poor predictors of adverse neonatal outcome.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether amniotic fluid index 15(2) (3/95, p = 0.007). Oligohydramnios by either method was a poor predictor of adverse outcomes (p values ranging from 0.06 to 0.21). Receiver-operating characteristic curves generated for the amniotic fluid index or two-diameter pocket to predict abdominal delivery because of fetal distress or Apgar scores < 7 at 1 minute indicate that both methods are poor diagnostic tests to predict these complications. CONCLUSION Intrapartum assessment of amniotic fluid volume, by amniotic fluid index or the two-diameter pocket technique, is a poor predictor of adverse neonatal outcome.
Effect of mesenteric lymph obtained during shock on pump activity and oxygen free radical on erythrocyte membrane of rat

Objective To observe the effects of mesenteric lymph drainage and transjusion on pump activity and oxygen free radical of erythrocyte membrane of rats following hemorrhagic shock or normal,respectively. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-shock group, shock group, shock mesenteric lymph drainage group (drainage group) and shock mesenteric lymph transfusion group (transfusion group) by randomization, with 6 rats in each group. Model of hemorrhagic shock was reproduced both in shock group and drainage group after anesthesia and operation, mesenteric lymph was drained 1 hour after shock in drainage group. Sham-shock group only received anesthesia and laparotomy,and the obtained mesenteric lymph was transfused in transfusion group. Blood was obtained from abdominal aorta, and red cell membrane suspension was prepared after 3 hours of shock or corresponding time, then the indices of erythrocyte membrane pump activity and oxygen free radical were determined. Results Compared with sham-shock group, the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase (μmol · mg-1 · h-1), Ca2+ATPase (μmol· mg-1· h-1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (NU/mg) of red cell membrane were decreased markedly (Na+-K+-ATPase: 0. 039+0. 011 vs. 0. 068+0. 010; Ca2+-ATPase: 0. 035±0. 016 vs. 0. 087±0. 015; SOD: 0. 785±0.289 vs. 1. 202±0. 328, P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol/mg) was increased markedly in shock group (1. 914±0. 225 vs. 0. 913±0. 138, P＜0. 01).Compared with shock group, the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase (0. 056 ± 0. 009), Ca2+-ATPase (0. 079 ±0. 025) and SOD (1. 220±0. 380) of red cell membrane were increased in drainage group, and the level of MDA (1. 214±0. 127) was decreased markedly (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). Compared with sham-shock group,the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase (0. 050 ± 0. 013), Ca2+-ATPase (0. 056 ± 0. 023) of red cell membrane in transfusion group were significantly lower (both P＜0.05), the content of MDA (1. 456± 0. 270) was significantly higher (P＜0. 01), respectively, the activity of SOD (0. 862± 0. 288) showed a lowering trend,but there was no statistical significance (P＞0. 05). Conclusion Mesenteric lymph return is a key factor in decreasing pump activity while aggravating free radical damage injury of erythrocyte membrane. Key words: Mesenteric lymph; Hemorrhagic shock; Red blood cell; Membrane pump; Free radical
DRFx: An Understandable, High Performance, and Flexible Memory Model for Concurrent Languages

The most intuitive memory model for shared-memory multi-threaded programming is sequential consistency (SC), but it disallows the use of many compiler and hardware optimizations and thus affects performance. Data-race-free (DRF) models, such as the C++11 memory model, guarantee SC execution for data-race-free programs. But these models provide no guarantee at all for racy programs, compromising the safety and debuggability of such programs. To address the safety issue, the Java memory model, which is also based on the DRF model, provides a weak semantics for racy executions. However, this semantics is subtle and complex, making it difficult for programmers to reason about their programs and for compiler writers to ensure the correctness of compiler optimizations.We present the drfx memory model, which is simple for programmers to understand and use while still supporting many common optimizations. We introduce a memory model (MM) exception that can be signaled to halt execution. If a program executes without throwing this exception, then drfx guarantees that the execution is SC. If a program throws an MM exception during an execution, then drfx guarantees that the program has a data race. We observe that SC violations can be detected in hardware through a lightweight form of conflict detection. Furthermore, our model safely allows aggressive compiler and hardware optimizations within compiler-designated program regions. We formalize our memory model, prove several properties of this model, describe a compiler and hardware design suitable for drfx, and evaluate the performance overhead due to our compiler and hardware requirements.
Uncertainty and predictability in population dynamics of a bitrophic ecological model: Mixed-mode oscillations, bistability and sensitivity to parameters

Abstract We consider a two-trophic ecological model comprising of two predators competing for their common prey. We cast the model into the framework of a singular perturbed system of equations in one fast variable (prey population density) and two slow variables (predator population densities), mimicking the common observation that the per-capita productivity rate decreases from bottom to top along the trophic levels in Nature. We assume that both predators exhibit Holling II functional response with one of the predators (territorial) having a density dependent mortality rate. Depending on the system parameters, the model exhibits small, intermediate and/or large fluctuations in the population densities. The large fluctuations correspond to periodic population outbreaks followed by collapses (commonly known as cycles of “boom and bust”). The small fluctuations arise due to a singular Hopf bifurcation in the system, and are ecologically more desirable. However, more interestingly, the system exhibits mixed-mode oscillations (which are concatenations of the large amplitude oscillations and the small amplitude oscillations) that indicate the adaptability of the species to prolong the time gap between successive cycles of boom and bust. Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the system to initial conditions (chaos and bistability of limit cycles are observed) as well as to the system parameters (here we only show the sensitivity to the density dependent mortality rate of the territorial predator). This model throws light at the uncertainties in long term behaviors that are associated with a real ecological system. We show that even very small changes in the system parameters due to natural or human-induced causes can lead to a complete different ecological phenomenon, thus affecting the predictability of the density of the prey population. In this paper, we explain the mechanisms behind the irregular fluctuations in the population sizes in an attempt to understand the dynamics occurring in a natural population and also comment on the inherent uncertainties associated with the system.
Draft Genome Sequences of Shewanella sp. Strain UCD-FRSP16_17 and Nine Vibrio Strains Isolated from Abalone Feces

Withering abalone syndrome (“Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis” infection) has caused a large decline in the population of abalone in coastal California in recent years (1). In this study, we isolated bacteria from the feces of both red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) with and without exposure to “Ca. Xenohaliotis californiensis.” All of the resulting strains for which we obtained genome sequence data were eitherVibrio orShewanella species. Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative marine bacteria that can cause illness (e.g., cholera and vibriosis) in humans and animals. Shewanella species are normal flora of shellfish and are
Progress and Challenges in Further Power Scaling of Singlemode Fiber Lasers

There has been tremendous progress in fiber lasers over the past decade both academically and commercially. There are still some significant challenges in power scaling. We will review some of our recent works.