cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kv1.1 and Kv1.2: similar channels, different seizure models.

Summary Voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv) represent the largest family of genes in the K+ channel family. The Kv1 subfamily plays an essential role in the initiation and shaping of action potentials, influencing action potential firing patterns and controlling neuronal excitability. Overlapping patterns with differential expression and precise localization of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 channels targeted to specialized subcellular compartments contribute to distinctive patterns of neuronal excitability. Dynamic regulation of the components in these subcellular domains help to finely tune the cellular and regional networks. Disruption of the expression, distribution, and density of these channels through deletion or mutation of the genes encoding these channels, Kcna1 and Kcna2, is associated with neurologic pathologies including epilepsy and ataxia in humans and in rodent models. Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 knockout mice both have seizures beginning early in development; however, each express a different seizure type (pathway), although the channels are from the same subfamily and are abundantly coexpressed. Voltage-gated ion channels clustered in specific locations may present a novel therapeutic target for influencing excitability in neurologic disorders associated with some channelopathies.
EXPERIENCE WITH α-FETOPROTEIN (AFP) IN PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS (NTD)

The use of AFP assays of amniotic fluid (AF) as a diagnostic adjunct to the prenatal diagnosis of these defects represents the most significant advance yet in prevention through early detection. AFP assays by electroimmunodiffusion were done on AF's derived from 525 cases (10-34 weeks gestation) with subsequent normal births. The observed normal range of AFP ± 2 S.D. is shown in the table. A narrow normal range of AFP concentration is evident. Additional assays were done on AF's in cases with fetal abnormalities (24), fetal death (8) and obstetric complications (9). A slight elevation in AFP concentration was noted in 1 fetus with Turner's syndrome. In studies prior to 20 weeks gestation 2 fetuses with anencephaly and 1 with spina bifida were detected. A striking fall in AFP concentration (16.5 to 4.55 mg%) was observed between 16 to 21 weeks in 1 case of anencephaly. In the overall total of 577 cases, 43 were mothers who had previously had an affected child with a NTD. No elevated AFP levels were found in this group. About 90% of all NTD's may be diagnosable through AFP assay between 14-18 weeks gestation.
A case of ovarian cancer metastases causing a symptomatic paraesophageal hernia

FIGURE 2 Cross-sectional view demonstrating bowel and omental mass present in the thoracic cavity Case notes A 71-year-old gravida 0 female presented with a 3-week history of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and unintentional weight loss. Her past medical history was significant for hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and a 15-year history of an asymptomatic diaphragmatic hernia. A computerized tomograph of the abdomen and pelvis revealed solid and cystic bilateral adnexal masses measuring in conglomerate 16 12 12 cm with tumor markers significant for an elevated CA 19-9 of 479 U/mL and CA-125 of 1906 U/mL. An ultrasound-guided peritoneal biopsy revealed clear cell ovarian cancer. Imaging of the chest revealed a large diaphragmatic hernia containing portions of colon, stomach, and a large omental cake which formed a heterogeneously enhancing mass (14 12 11 cm) compressing the right atrium (Figures 1 and 2).
Intramembrane proteolysis by presenilin and presenilin-like proteases

Regulated intramembrane proteolysis is a novel mechanism involving proteases that hydrolyze their substrates in a hydrophobic environment. Presenilin (PS) 1 and PS 2 are required for intramembrane cleavage of an increasing number of type I membrane proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein of Alzheimer9s disease and the Notch receptor, which signals during differentiation and development. Mutagenesis, affinity labeling, biochemical isolation, and reconstitution in cells reveal that PS, in complex with co-factors nicastrin, APH-1 and PEN-2, apparently contains the active site ofγ -secretase, a novel membrane aspartyl protease. In addition, other related aspartyl proteases have been identified. These include members of the type-4 prepilin peptidase family in bacteria, which are known proteases and carry a GD motif conserved in PS. A group of multi-pass membrane proteins found in eukaryotes also contain YD and LGXGD motifs in two transmembrane domains that are conserved in PS and postulated to constitute an aspartyl protease active site. Among these is signal peptide peptidase (SPP), which cleaves remnant signal peptides derived from signal-peptidase-mediated ectodomain shedding. SPP cuts type II membrane proteins, illustrating that PS-like proteases play a key role in intramembrane proteolysis of single-pass membrane proteins oriented in either direction.
Coupled flap-lag-torsional dynamics of hingeless rotor blades in forward flight

The aeroelastic stability and response problem of the coupled flap-lag-torsional dynamics of an isolated hingeless rotor blade in forward flight is considered. Linear, quasi-steady aerodynamics below stall is included. The spatial dependence of the partial differential nonliner equations of motion is discretized using a multimodal Galerkin method. The nonlinear time dependent equilibrium position (steady state response) about which the equations are linearized is obtained by solving a sequence of linear periodic response problems (quasilinearization). Results illustrating blade behavior in forward flight for both soft-in-plane and stiff-in-plane designs are presented. Quasilinearization provides a clear indication of the cases when nonlinear terms due to moderate deflections are important. The results indicate that nonlinearities affect system stability much more than system response. This implies that for obtaining blade vibrations and loads, approximate analytical models based on linearized formulations could be employed, whereas for determining blade stability a more accurate nonlinear analysis would be required.
Environmental) Rhetorics of Tempered Apocalypticism in An Inconvenient Truth

An Inconvenient Truth has inspired a wave of public concern about global warming. The film's environmental rhetoric invokes a millennial apocalypticism inherited from canonical works like Silent Spring. However, Truth moderates its apocalyptic tendencies with scientific rationalism and constructions of audience agency. In so doing, Truth offers a tempered apocalypticism that embraces the affect of a more fiery tradition while maintaining an authoritative voice, thereby appealing to a broader audience. Truth makes clear that there can be no singular environmental rhetoric, but a mixture of rhetorics that mirrors the contentious climate of environmental politics.
Microring and microdisk optical resonators using silicon nanocrystals and erbium prepared using silicon technology

Abstract A methodology for the integration of narrow-linewidth light sources monolithically onto silicon using silicon process technology is presented. Microcavity resonator based narrow-linewidth light sources were designed and modeled using the 3-D full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method of solving Maxwell’s equations. The microcavity confines light to a small modal volume by resonant recirculation in a structure with low roundtrip optical loss. The resonators were formed in close proximity to waveguides used for evanescent-wave coupling of light out of the microcavity. Waveguides using Si-nanocrystals in SiO 2 are difficult to couple to planar microdisks because the mode extends deep into the oxide, whereas simulations show that microresonators using SiN x can. The coupling efficiency between the resonator and the single-mode waveguides was optimized by varying the gap size and the waveguide width and thickness. Luminescence from silicon nanoparticles in both SiO 2 and SiN x films was studied. Process optimization for forming Si nanoparticles in SiO 2 or SiN x including the effects of hydrogen annealing and the preparation of SiN x films with excess Si by various techniques (CVD and Si ion implantation) was performed. High-index-contrast microcavity resonators were fabricated using SiN x on SiO 2 with silicon nanoparticles and imaged using atomic force microscopy. The structures include microdisk and microring cavities doped with silicon nanoparticles with and without erbium.
Response to the article “depression, self-love, time, and the ‘right’ to suicide” by Bursztajn et al.

The paper by Bursztajn et al. is an ambitious contribution to medical, moral, and legal thinking. At the same time, its publication in this journal poses an interesting ethical question. The Principles of Medical Ethics, With Annotations Especially Applicable to Psychiatry contain a paragraph (Section 7, paragraph 3) addressed to psychiatrists who offer professional opinions about persons in the spotlight of public attention. It is considered unethical to publish such opinions “unless he/she has conducted an examination and has been granted proper authorization for such a statement.” This rule applies specifically when the psychiatrist has had no access to confidential information and everything known is a matter of public record, as is the case here. The manuscript nowhere indicates that the authors are aware of this ethical principle or that it could be invoked against the publication of their professional opinions about Elizabeth Bouvia’s purported mental incompetence in this journal. It so happens that, as an A.P.A. officer, I argued and voted against the inclusion of Section 7, paragraph 3. I continue to oppose its inclusion in our Principles of Ethics. I therefore welcome Bursztajn et al. and this journal to the ranks of those practicing ethical “civil disobedience.” However, it would have been even more encouraging to me had these authors and the editor of the journal intimated in some small way that they were familiar with the Principles of Ethics and knew what they were doing. Imagine how someone given to the kind of
Modelling the human process controller

In many industrial tasks a complex, interactive process must be controlled by a human operator in real-time, with or without the aid of a computer. In order to allocate functions between man and machine at the design stage, a model of human behavior and performance in such tasks is required. Progress towards such a model is analyzed. Real-world studies usually use very complex processes but are designed to study specific problems rather than operator models. Laboratory studies of generally much simpler systems have produced only small effects of major system variables such as displayed information. The problem of performance criteria which are both valid and sensitive remains unsolved, and analysis of verbal protocols has been the major tool used so far in modelling. A loose, heirarchical goal-directed operator model, such as proposed by Bainbridge (1974) , is supported by studies from a variety of industries and laboratories.
Incorporating life course theory and social determinants of health into the LEND curriculum.

The goal of this paper is to describe strategies for revising LEND curricula to incorporate a stronger focus on life course theory and social determinants of health (LCT/SDOH). The Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) includes a central focus on LCT/SDOH and states that a goal of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) training is to “Prepare and empower MCH leaders to promote health equity…and reduce disparities in health and health care.” Two LEND programs engaged in a comprehensive process to strengthen LCT/SDOH in their curricula that included choosing content and themes and developing instructional strategies congruent with MCH Leadership Competencies and with the learning needs of LEND trainees. We describe: key elements of LCT/SDOH; the relationship of these to children with disabilities and to the MCH Leadership Competencies; LCT/SDOH resources for the LEND curriculum; a collaborative curriculum revision process for faculty; and LCT/SDOH content and themes for the LEND Curriculum and strategies for incorporating them. We present the results of our work in a format that may be used by other LEND programs undertaking curriculum revision to incorporate LCT/SDOH.
63 RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN (rhEPO) FOR PREVENTION OF ANAEMIAS OF PREMATURITY: A RANDOMIZED MULTICENTRE TRIAL

We investigated whether preventative treatment with rhEPO is safe and reduces the need for transfusion in preterm infants. 84 infants of 28 to 31 + 6 weeks gestation were stratified for artificial (vent, n=41) and spontanous ventilation (spont, n=43) and were randomized to a rhEPO- (n=39) and a control-group (n=45). rhEPO, 30 U/kg was given s.c. every 3rd day from day 4 until day 25. Infants received 2 mg iron per day from day 14. Indications for transfusion were clearly defined. No increase of mortality, necrotising enterocolitis or patent ductus arteriosus was observed in the rhEPO-group. Serum ferritin remained normal in both groups. Reticulocytes were 3.0% in the rhEPO- vs. 2.0% in the control-group on day 25. Conclusion: rhEPO, 30 U/kg administered every third day had no adverse effects, increased reticulocyte formation slightly, but did not effectively reduce the preterm infants' need for transfusion.
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of the preferential oxidation of CO using normally distributed rate probabilities

Abstract This study presents results from a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation of the catalytic preferential oxidation of CO reaction (PROX) on 3D Pt crystallites. A new method of constructing normal distributions of event probabilities is presented based on the log transformation of calculated kinetic rates (log-KMC). This method allows for solving problems where the time scales of particular events are very different (stiff problems) and it was applied to the simulation of the PROX reaction on supported Pt catalysts to probe the experimental results on a catalyst with different crystallite sizes. It was found that the simulation replicated the trends from experimental results when it was assumed that the limiting step of the PROX reaction was oxygen adsorption. Lower Pt dispersions gave place to catalysts showing higher turnover frequencies, or TOF, which is due to large crystallites having lower numbers of less active base sites. This limiting effect is simulated in larger crystallite sizes with more available sites on (1 1 1) faces.
Progesterone modulation of gonadotropin secretion by dispersed rat pituitary cells in culture. I. Basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release.

Abstract Dispersed, estradiol-treated, rat pituitary cells were cultured to characterize the influences of a physiologic concentration of progesterone (P, 10−7 M) on gonadotroph responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Acute ( $ 6 h) P treatment enhanced and chronic ( $ 12 h) treatment suppressed both basal and GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) release. This modulation took place without any change in intracellular LH stores, indicating that the secretory changes are not attributable to changes in LH synthesis, and were not accompanied by similar alterations in basal or thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated prolactin secretion. Moreover, the timing of these responses was fixed since a 10-fold lower P concentration produced only smaller and briefer alterations in LH release. Analyses of the temporal characteristics of effective P stimuli indicated that a brief 6 h exposure to P inhibited GnRH-stimulated LH secretion 18 h later. In contrast, P's acute actions rapidly dissipated following removal of the steroid from the culture medium. Finally, P-induced enhancement and suppression of GnRH-stimulated LH release could be blocked by appropriately timed treatments with protein synthesis inhibitors. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that P influences gonadotroph secretory function via the production of specific proteins.
Sound input filter generation for integer overflow errors

We present a system, SIFT, for generating input filters that nullify integer overflow errors associated with critical program sites such as memory allocation or block copy sites. SIFT uses a static pro- gram analysis to generate filters that discard inputs that may trigger integer overflow errors in the computations of the sizes of allocated memory blocks or the number of copied bytes in block copy operations. Unlike all previous techniques of which we are aware, SIFT is sound -- if an input passes the filter, it will not trigger an integer overflow error at any analyzed site. Our results show that SIFT successfully analyzes (and therefore generates sound input filters for) 56 out of 58 memory allocation and block memory copy sites in analyzed input processing modules from five applications (VLC, Dillo, Swfdec, Swftools, and GIMP). These nullified errors include six known integer overflow vulnerabilities. Our results also show that applying these filters to 62895 real-world inputs produces no false positives. The analysis and filter generation times are all less than a second.
C4D as a diagnostic adjunct in lung allograft biopsies

Background: While University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is the current gold standard for donor heart preservation, it has limitations in terms of both duration and adequacy of protection. Our laboratory has been interested in a more physiologic approach to heart preservation by maintaining the heart at its’ resting membrane potential (hyperpolarized arrest) using the KATP channel agonist Pinacidil (PIN). The purpose of this study was to compare our PIN solution with UW, a depolarizing solution, and to quantify the protective effect of PIN in both solutions. Methods: 32 rabbit hearts received 1 of 4 solutions in a crystalloidperfused Langendorff apparatus: 1) UW Solution, 2) a solution containing 0.5 mmol/L of PIN, 3) UW solution with PIN, and 4) solution #2 without PIN. 30 minutes of perfusion was followed by data acquisition. Left ventricular pressure-volume curves were generated by inflating an intraventricular balloon. All hearts were placed in cold storage for 8 hours, followed by 1 hour of reperfusion before data acquisition. Results: Postischemic developed pressure (DP) was better preserved by PIN (76.8% 3.8%) than by UW (48.3% 2.5%). (p 0.001) When PIN was removed from our solution, the DP dropped significantly (46.6% 3.2%). (p 0.001) This recovery was not different from that observed in UW. When PIN was added to UW, the DP increased but not significantly. (54.9% 3.3%) Diastolic compliance was better preserved by PIN (239.9% 77.2%) when compared with UW (711.1% 193.1%). (p 0.027 vs. UW) When PIN was removed from our solution, diastolic compliance fell. (688.8% 158.2%)(p 0.027 vs. no PIN) Compliance was not effected by the addition of PIN to UW. (841.2% 252.5%) Conclusions: Our results support the superiority of our hyperpolarizing solution for heart preservation over UW and indicate that PIN is beneficial in maintaining cardiac function and compliance. This benefit is not observed when PIN is placed into a depolarizing solution such as UW.
Policy issues in mental health among the elderly

Americans are living longer than ever before in history. With age comes an increased risk for chronic mental health disorders. About 1 in 8 baby boomers is expected to be diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, which will amount to some ten million members of this age cohort. The prevalence of mental health disorders among the elderly is often unrecognized. One in four older adults lives with depression, anxiety disorders, or other significant psychiatric disorders. Mental health disorders are frequently comorbid in older adults, occurring with a number of common chronic illnesses such as in diabetes, cardiac disease, and arthritis. The public is becoming more aware of the aging of the population and the difficulties that are exacerbated by unmet services and limited access to mental health services. This article describes policy issues related to chronic mental health disorders and the older population. Mental health parity, a recent policy issue occurring at the national level, is discussed first followed by workforce issues specific to the discipline of nursing.
Beyond group differences: specificity of nonverbal behavior and interpersonal communication to depression severity

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide. AVEC 2013 heralds the first systematic effort to detect presence of depression from nonverbal behavior. This keynote addresses three related issues. Specificity. Are differences between depressed and non-depressed persons specific to depression or are they common to the types of people most likely to become depressed? Depression is strongly related to stable individual differences in neuroticism, introversion, and conscientiousness. Differences in nonverbal behavior between those with and without depression could indicate personality differences rather than depression. Do they?Functions. What can non-verbal behavior tell us about possible functions or mechanisms of depression? Two alternative hypotheses are Affective Dysregulation and Social Risk Avoidance. To contrast these hypotheses, fine-grained analyses of facial expression are needed that can distinguish between displays of negative emotion. In particular, between negative displays that elicit approach or affiliation (e.g., sadness) and those that elicit avoidance (contempt and disgust).Interpersonal effects. Early work proposed that depression has strong interpersonal effects. Recent work in psychopathology has tended to neglect the possible effects of depression on interaction partners and the influence of context. Does context matter for depression detection? How might depression negatively impact interaction partners?In this keynote, I explore these issues from the vantage of longitudinal research in depression. The findings suggest that nonverbal behavior in depression can be automatically measured, is highly specific to severity of depression, and is a strong indicator of change over the course of treatment. Avoidance of social risk appears to be a critical function of depression. Depression strongly impacts the actions of others. Automated detection of depression may be optimized by exploiting social context, paying careful attention to displays of affiliation and risk aversion or rejection and the communicative displays of interaction partners.
Retention of organic and inorganic chemicals by the drainage/supply piping material

A critical issue facing the turfgrass industry is the environmental fate and transport of organic and inorganic chemicals used on golf courses. The fate and distribution of those chemicals are strongly influenced by sorptive interactions with soil and sediment. In this study, the drainage and water supply piping material (used for construction of a prototype encapsulated golf green) was utilized to determine its potential sorption of three organic chemicals [2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid] (2,4-D), naphthalene and toluene and nitrate. Crushed piping material (small-to-large particle sizes) was evaluated. Isotherms were constructed using a batch equilibration technique. The results showed that the drainage/supply piping material at small particle sizes (<2.5 mm) has higher sorptive ability compared to soil (1.7 for 2,4-D and 13.4 for naphthalene). The K F value was 44, 253 and 70 for 2,4-D, naphthalene and toluene, respectively. K oc values were much higher than those of peat and soil at lower equilibrium concentrations. However, sorption decreased dramatically with increasing particle size (approaching zero at particle size 10 mm), due to reduction of surface areas and sorption sites. Sorption of NO 3 -N by the piping material was negligible. We concluded that sorption by intact drainage/ supply piping material would not affect the recycling efficiency of pesticides and nutrients in the constructed encapsulated green. Conversely, drainage/supply piping material particles smaller than 2.5 mm in diameter can effectively be utilized as a filtering material.
Instrumented remotely operated vehicle for measuring inherent and apparent optical properties of the ocean

A deeper understanding of radiative transfer in the ocean will require accurate measurements of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and apparent optical properties (AOPs) simultaneously or near simultaneously in the same water. Toward this goal, we have instrumented a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) with state-of-the-art instruments that measure the beam attenuation, volume absorption, backscattering coefficients, vector and scalar irradiances, temperature, salinity, and undisturbed particle-size distributions and concentrations. The ROV and its instruments are described and data are presented from deployments at Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho; Tongue-of-the-Ocean, Bahamas; and Monterey Bay, California.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Reinterpretation of Davenport's Game Theory Analysis: Brief Communication

Davenport's classic application to anthropology of game theory is reinterpreted so as to separate the mathematics of his model from the criticized game theory interpretation of that mathematics. The reinterpretation implies that the fishing pattern of a certain Jamaican fishing village may be the one that produces the steadiest average net income for the village as a whole.
Surface Integrity Generated by Precision Hard Turning

Abstract Rolling contact fatigue tests were conducted to find the effect of precision hard turning. The tests showed that hard turning provides as good a fatigue performance as grinding. Hard turning produces compressive residual stresses in a deep subsurface, which contribute to a long fatigue life. The effect of cutting parameters on residual stress was investigated in order to find why deep residual stresses are created. It was determined that the tool edge geometry is the dominant factor deciding the residual stress profile.
NF‐κB p50 and p65 subunits control intestinal homeostasis

Mice which lack the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB and are heterozygous for the p65 subunit (3X mice), are exquisitely sensitive to LPS-induced shock. Here, we demonstrate that prior to becoming moribund, 3X mice challenged with LPS develop a profound enteropathy. The enteropathy is characterized by defects in intestinal barrier function, increased epithelial apoptosis, and deregulated intestinal cytokine gene expression. The defect that sensitizes 3X mice to LPS-induced enteropathy is located within the innate immune compartment, as LPS induced similar findings in 3X mice lacking lymphocytes (3X/RAG). TNF-alpha depletion ameliorated the ability of LPS to induce pathology and TNF-alpha was able to independently induce similar findings, suggesting that TNF-alpha plays a critical role in the development of LPS-induced pathology in these mice. These data highlight that NF-kappaB subunits have essential functions in regulating intestinal homeostasis during acute inflammation.
Using Crowdsourcing to Evaluate Published Scientific Literature: Methods and Example

Systematically evaluating scientific literature is a time consuming endeavor that requires hours of coding and rating. Here, we describe a method to distribute these tasks across a large group through online crowdsourcing. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, crowdsourced workers (microworkers) completed four groups of tasks to evaluate the question, “Do nutrition-obesity studies with conclusions concordant with popular opinion receive more attention in the scientific community than do those that are discordant?” 1) Microworkers who passed a qualification test (19% passed) evaluated abstracts to determine if they were about human studies investigating nutrition and obesity. Agreement between the first two raters' conclusions was moderate (κ = 0.586), with consensus being reached in 96% of abstracts. 2) Microworkers iteratively synthesized free-text answers describing the studied foods into one coherent term. Approximately 84% of foods were agreed upon, with only 4 and 8% of ratings failing manual review in different steps. 3) Microworkers were asked to rate the perceived obesogenicity of the synthesized food terms. Over 99% of responses were complete and usable, and opinions of the microworkers qualitatively matched the authors' expert expectations (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages were thought to cause obesity and fruits and vegetables were thought to prevent obesity). 4) Microworkers extracted citation counts for each paper through Google Scholar. Microworkers reached consensus or unanimous agreement for all successful searches. To answer the example question, data were aggregated and analyzed, and showed no significant association between popular opinion and attention the paper received as measured by Scimago Journal Rank and citation counts. Direct microworker costs totaled $221.75, (estimated cost at minimum wage: $312.61). We discuss important points to consider to ensure good quality control and appropriate pay for microworkers. With good reliability and low cost, crowdsourcing has potential to evaluate published literature in a cost-effective, quick, and reliable manner using existing, easily accessible resources.
Constant-ratio alternative substrate approach for differentiation of enzyme mechanisms.

Abstract A new kinetic approach using alternative substrates as a tool for studying enzyme mechanisms is described. In this method the substrate to alternative substrate ratio is maintained constant and the common product (or summation of product analogs) is measured. The double-reciprocal plots so obtained at several constant ratios generate different patterns for various mechanisms, thus permitting a choice of kinetic model. In some cases, secondary intercept plots are utilized as a diagnostic aid. Another feature of this approach is that most of the resultant plots are linear. The graphical patterns for four cases of two-substrate, two-product reactions are presented as examples. These patterns allow one to differentiate several mechanisms which are not distinguishable by conventional alternative substrate, competitive inhibitor, or product inhibition studies alone. When used in combination with other methods, various mechanisms involving isomerization and abortive complex formation can be differentiated even if only one alternative substrate is available.
The ascent of ideas in evolution

Monad to Man: The Concept of Progress in Evolutionary Biology by Michael Ruse Harvard University Press: 1997. Publication date: 13 February. Pp. 628. $49.95, £33.50
Liana habitat and host preferences in northern temperate forests

Lianas and other climbers are important ecological and structural components of forest communities. Like other plants, their abundance in a given habitat depends on a variety of factors, such as light, soil moisture and nutrients. However, since lianas require external support, host tree characteristics also influence their distribution. Lianas are conspicuous life forms in tropical regions, but in temperate areas, where they are less prominent, little is known about factors that control their distributions in these forests. We surveyed the climbing plant species in 20 mature (100 years and greater) forested habitats in the Midwest USA at a variety of levels from simple presence/absence, to ground layer abundances, to those species that had ascended trees. We also examined attributes of the tree species with climbers attached to them. Using cluster analysis, we distinguished five different tree communities in our survey locations. We determined that 25% of the trees we surveyed had one or more lianas attached to it, with Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) the most common climbing species encountered. Canopy cover and soil attributes both influenced climber species presence/absence and ground layer climber abundance. The proportion of liana species of a given climbing type (roots, stem twiner, tendril climber) was significantly related to the DBH of the host tree, with more root climbers and fewer stem and tendril climbers on large trees. In general, the DBH of climbing lianas had a significant positive relationship to the DBH of the host tree; however this varied by the identity of the liana and the tree species. The greater the DBH of the host tree, the higher the probability that it was colonized by one or more lianas, with tree species such as Pinus banksiana (jack pine) and Quercus alba (white oak) being more susceptible to liana colonization than others. Finally, some liana species such as Celastrus scandens (American bittersweet) showed a preference for certain tree species (i.e., P. banksiana) as hosts. The information obtained about the relationship between the tree and climber community in this study provides insight into some of the factors that influence liana distributions in understudied temperate forest habitats and how lianas contribute to the structure of these mature forests. In addition, these data can provide a point of comparison to other liana communities in both temperate and tropical regions.
Effects of Phenolic Acids and their Derivatives upon the Growth of Avena Coleoptiles

Summary The elongation of Avena coleoptiles in the presence of indole acetic acid and sucrose is inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by chloramphenicol, and therefore involves cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Coleoptile elongation is rather insensitive to inhibition by cyanide, but is inhibited to a greater extent by azide or 2,4-dinitrophenol. Trans -cinnamic acid, o -coumaric acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quinic acid and coumarin were inhibitory to coleoptile growth in all concentrations tested. Caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, m -coumaric acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, rutin and umbelliferone were stimulatory to coleoptile growth in the presence of indoleacetic acid and sucrose. Certain of these naturally occurring compounds may therefore be considered as fine controls upon auxin-induced growth.
Spectral identification of intermediates generated during the reaction of dioxygen with the wild-type and EQ(I-286) mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase.

Cytochrome c oxidase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides is frequently used to model the more complex mitochondrial enzyme. The O2 reduction in both enzymes is generally described by a unidirectional mechanism involving the sequential formation of the ferrous-oxy complex (compound A), the PR state, the oxyferryl F form, and the oxidized state. In this study we investigated the reaction of dioxygen with the wild-type reduced R. sphaeroides cytochrome oxidase and the EQ(I-286) mutant using the CO flow-flash technique. Singular value decomposition and multiexponential fitting of the time-resolved optical absorption difference spectra showed that three apparent lifetimes, 18 μs, 53 μs, and 1.3 ms, are sufficient to fit the kinetics of the O2 reaction of the wild-type enzyme. A comparison of the experimental intermediate spectra with the corresponding intermediate spectra of the bovine enzyme revealed that PR is not present in the reaction mechanism of the wild-type R. sphaeroides aa3. Transient absorbance changes at...
A Rapid Technique for Determination of Races of Phytophthora nicotianae on Tobacco

ABSTRACT A laboratory technique for determining races of Phytophthora nicotianae on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) was developed and compared with a commonly used greenhouse method. The laboratory tec...
Electrolytic reduction of 3-carbethoxyquinoline

Abstract Two well-defined one-electron waves are observed on the polarograms for the reduction of 3-carbethoxyquinoline in 95% aqueous ethanol containing 1 M ammonium acetate. During macroscate electrolysis at a potential on the plateau of either wave, the ratio of the heights of the waves remains equal to one. Polarographic and voltammetric evidence is presented that the first wave represents a reversible one-electron reduction to a radical which rapidly dimerizes; and the second wave represents an irreversible one-electron reduction of the initially formed radical. The reduction mechanism suggested by the electrochemical evidence is verified by the isolation of dimeric products from controlled-potential electrolysis at the top of the first wave and the isolation of 1,4-dihydro-3-carbethoxyquinoline at the top of the second wave. The chemical characteristics of the dimeric products are discussed.
An Integrated Hybrid Silicon Multiwavelength AWG Laser

The first integrated multiwavelength laser based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer is presented. It consists of Fabry-Perot cavities integrated with hybrid silicon amplifiers and an intracavity filter in the form of an AWG with a channel spacing of 360 GHz. Four-channel lasing operation is shown. Single-sided fiber-coupled output powers as high as 35 μW are measured. The device shows subnanosecond rise and fall times, and direct modulation at 1 GHz gives an open eye with an extinction ratio of 7.7 dB.
POST PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION FEMORAL ARTERY HEMATOMA DOES NOT AFFECT MEAN PLATELET VOLUME

The present study sought to determine the relationship between the value of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and developed post procedural femoral hematoma (PPFH). MPV has been described as a marker of platelet activation. Elevated MPV
Diffusion-limited aggregation on two-dimensional percolation clusters

Diffusion-limited aggregation has been simulated on two-dimensional percolation clusters with the use of a modified Witten-Sander model. At low particle concentrations, the aggregate cluster has a fractal dimensionality of about 1.4, substantially lower both in absolute and relative terms than the dimensionality of a Witten-Sander cluster on a two-dimensional lattice ($\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{5}{3}$). The lower fractal dimensionality is attributed, at least in part, to the higher effective dimensionality (${D}_{t}$) of a random walk on a percolation cluster (${D}_{t}\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5\ensuremath{-}2.8$) compared to a random walk on a nonfractal lattice (${D}_{t}\ensuremath{\simeq}2.0$).
Design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled As2L3 and Sb2L3 cryptands

The syntheses and X-ray crystal structures of six new self-assembled supramolecular As and Sb-containing cryptands are described. Analysis in the context of previously reported As2L3 and Sb2L3 cryptands reveals that small differences in ligand geometries result in significant differences in the helicity of the complexes and the stereochemistry of the metal coordination within the assembled complexes. Additionally, a new synthetic route is described which involves exposure of reactants to vacuum to help facilitate self-assembly.
Transformational leadership in context: Face-to-face and virtual teams

Abstract This experimental study examined transformational leadership in the context of traditional teams using face-to-face communication and virtual teams using computer-mediated communication. Thirty-nine leaders led both face-to-face and virtual teams. Repeated-measures analyses revealed similar mean levels of transformational leadership in both team types; however, leader rank order varied across team type. Post hoc analyses revealed that the most effective leaders where those who increased their transformational leadership in virtual teams. Furthermore, analyses at the team level revealed that the effect of transformational leadership on team performance was stronger in virtual than in face-to-face teams. Team-member ratings of transformational leadership were equally linked to project satisfaction in face-to-face and virtual teams. Considered as a whole, our results suggest that transformational leadership has a stronger effect in teams that use only computer-mediated communication, and that leaders who increase their transformational leadership behaviors in such teams achieve higher levels of team performance.
XANES Speciation of P in Environmental Samples An Assessment of Filter Media for on-Site Wastewater Treatment

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopyis a useful technique for characterization of chemical speciesof phosphorus in complex environmental samples. To developand evaluate bed fil ...
Intermetropolitan Migration and Housing Prices: Simultaneously Determined?

Abstract This paper explores the extent to which intermetropolitan migration and metropolitan housing prices are simultaneously determined. A simultaneous equation model is proposed and estimated in which housing prices in metropolitan areas are partly determined by population growth through migration, while migration between metropolitan areas is partly determined by the level of housing prices in sending and receiving areas. Past research has treated these events independently. Data from 1975 to 1980 for 52 metropolitan areas are used. Two-stage least-squares results suggest that higher net migration raises metropolitan housing prices, while simultaneously, higher housing prices discourage further net migration.
Calculation of excess Gibbs energies and activity coefficients from isopiestic measurements on mixtures of lithium and sodium salts

The osmotic coefficients of mixtures containing both lithium and sodium ions with chloride, nitrate, and acetate as the common ion have been measured at 25°C using the isopiestic technique. A new derivation of Friedman's limiting law for these mixtures at high dilutions has been given. The derivation assumes that the extended Debye-Huckel limiting law applies to both cations and cation-cation pairs.
Auscultatory and echocardiographic features of mobile left atrial thrombus

Free floating ball thrombus of the heart is a rare disorder that usually involves the left atrium, particularly in association with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. The diagnosis of ball thrombus is suspected clinically when there are auscultatory changes in the intensity of the murmur of mitral stenosis. Two-dimensional echocardiography is especially useful in the diagnosis of this condition. By combining phonocardiographic recordings with both M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, attenuation and disappearance of the murmur were demonstrated as the mobile thrombus randomly drifted into the mitral valve orifice. Reappearance of the cardiac murmur was noted as the thrombus was expelled from the orifice. This study, combining simultaneous phonocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography, identifies for the first time the relation between thrombus movement into the mitral aperture and changes of the murmur of mitral stenosis.
Production of Hadrons and Leptons at High pt and Pairs at High Mass

The experiment reported extends to higher beam energy the measurements of high-p/sub t/ particle production and high-mass pair production in N-N collisions, with improved resolution, particle identification, and luminosity. Besides addressing quantum chromodynamics issues, limits are set on the mass and lifetime of the axion. 25 refs., 19 figs. (LEW)
David L. Rimoin

David L. Rimoin, M.D., Ph.D. (Figure 1) died on May 27, 2012, only two weeks after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. David was a towering figure in medical genetics, a field that he played a pivotal role in creating. His contributions to the profession in its organization, education, research, and clinical care have left a permanent imprint that will always be remembered. The enormous influence that David had on the careers of others, including students, his fellows, and colleagues throughout the world is unparalleled. His departure has left a void that will be impossible to fill.
Interpolating demography with families and households

This paper argues that the field of household and family demography serves a critical role in the development of our understanding of the determinants and consequences of population trends. Like the community, families and households are situated between the two levels at which demographic research is ordinarily conducted — the individual and the nation-state. The results of the papers in this issue are used to illustrate the critical ways that intergenerational and gender relationships shape demographic processes.
Second virial coefficients of polar fluids and mixtures

Relationships have been developed for the calculation of second virial coefficients of polar fluids from the critical constants, acentric factor w, and fourth parameter x of the substance. Coefficients for the expansion of the reduced second virial coefficient in w and x are presented for 0.64 ≤TR ≤ 0.94. Comparisons with available experimental data indicate that good results are obtained by the method of this study for most polar fluids. The second virial coefficient for water is found to exhibit anomalous behavior. Procedures have also been established for extending the relationships for pure fluids to the second virial coefficient of mixtures containing nonpolar or polar components.
Multivariate latent change modeling of developmental decline in academic intrinsic math motivation and achievement: Childhood through adolescence

Research has established that academic intrinsic motivation, enjoyment of school learning without receipt of external rewards, significantly declines across childhood through adolescence. Math intrinsic motivation evidences the most severe decline compared with other subject areas. This study addresses this developmental decline in math intrinsic motivation, and also serves as a resource for applied researchers by providing exemplary illustrations of approaches to longitudinal modeling. Using a multivariate latent change model, the longitudinal relationship between academic intrinsic math motivation and math achievement among participants (n = 114) aged 9—17 years was examined to explain this motivational decline. On average, both math motivation and achievement decreased over time. This study reveals that math achievement is a significant contributor to the developmental decline in intrinsic math motivation from childhood through adolescence. In addition, academic intrinsic math motivation was found to b...