cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bladder wall fibrosis following intravesical mitomycin treatment for superficial bladder cancer

Mitomycin is used extensively for the prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Most treatment regimens of mitomycin are long term, since this seems more effective in preventing recurrence. During treatment some patients develop cystitis of variable severity, which may lead to mucosal ulcerations and cessation of treatment. We report a case in which long-term treatment with mitomycin, following a single episode of transitional cell bladder cancer, has led to bladder fibrosis and loss of its function, without evidence of tumor recurrence.
A comparison of toxicity tests conducted in the laboratory and in experimental ponds using cadmium and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

Abstract Acute toxicity tests were conducted in the laboratory with fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas ) to determine the 96-h LC 50 of cadmium under three conditions: (1) in laboratory water, (2) in water from experimental ponds, and (3) in pond water underlain by sediment. Cadmium was then applied at doses equivalent to the estimated LC 50 values to 0.07-ha ponds containing caged fathead minnows. A cadmium ion selective electrode, ultrafiltration, and equilibrium calculations were used to determine cadmium speciation, and several water quality characteristics were measured to correlate differences in mortality between test systems (laboratory and field) with observed differences in water quality. The LC 50 estimates (mg l −1 ) for the bioassays were 4.39 for the laboratory water, 3.52 for the pond water with sediment, and 2.91 for the pond water. Concentrations of Cd 2+ decreased and those of cadmium in the particulate (> 1.2 μ m) and 300,000 mol. wt (0.018–1.2 μm) fractions increased over the 96-h; cadmium in these fractions was believed to consist of colloidal sized CdCO 3 precipitates. Concentrations of Cd 2+ decreased at different rates between test systems, regulated by the degree of CdCO 3 (s) supersaturation which in turn depended on pH and total metal concentrations. Differences in toxicity in the laboratory tests were attributed to differences in water hardness and Cd 2+ concentrations. Mortality of fathead minnows was low (0–10%) during the 96-h test period in the ponds due to the higher pH, which produced supersaturated conditions resulting in the rapid formation of nontoxic CdCO 3 precipitates and a more rapid decrease in Cd 2+ concentrations as compared to the laboratory bioassays.
On the Association of Field Dependence-Independence with Personality, Learning Style, and Social-Political Attitudes among Adolescents

This study examined the relationship between scores on field dependence and field independence and sensory learning preference, cognitive learning style, personality, interpersonal trust, attributions of responsibility for solving social problems, and attitudes regarding citizenship among youth. Participants were 72 private school students in Grades 6 through 12 (26 girls, 46 boys; M age: 15.2 yr., SD=1.9). When controlling for grade and sex, field independence (measured by Group Embedded Figures Test scores) was associated with Intuitive Thinking personality, Concrete lobal learning style, and rejection of individual responsibility for social problems, relative to governmental and community responsibility. Associations with other aspects of learning style fell short of significance. No association was found with generalized trust or citizenship attitudes. Reassessment of these variables with a larger sample should be undertaken.
Cyclin D2 Protein Stability Is Regulated in Pancreatic β-Cells

The molecular determinants of beta-cell mass expansion remain poorly understood. Cyclin D2 is the major D-type cyclin expressed in beta-cells, essential for adult beta-cell growth. We hypothesized that cyclin D2 could be actively regulated in beta-cells, which could allow mitogenic stimuli to influence beta-cell expansion. Cyclin D2 protein was sharply increased after partial pancreatectomy, but cyclin D2 mRNA was unchanged, suggesting posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms influence cyclin D2 expression in beta-cells. Consistent with this hypothesis, cyclin D2 protein stability is powerfully regulated in fibroblasts. Threonine 280 of cyclin D2 is phosphorylated, and this residue critically limits D2 stability. We derived transgenic (tg) mice with threonine 280 of cyclin D2 mutated to alanine (T280A) or wild-type cyclin D2 under the control of the insulin promoter. Cyclin D2 T280A protein was expressed at much higher levels than wild-type cyclin D2 protein in beta-cells, despite equivalent expression of tg mRNAs. Cyclin D2 T280A tg mice exhibited a constitutively nuclear cyclin D2 localization in beta-cells, and increased cyclin D2 stability in islets. Interestingly, threonine 280-mutant cyclin D2 tg mice had greatly reduced beta-cell apoptosis, with suppressed expression of proapoptotic genes. Suppressed beta-cell apoptosis in threonine 280-mutant cyclin D2 tg mice resulted in greatly increased beta-cell area in aged mice. Taken together, these data indicate that cyclin D2 is regulated by protein stability in pancreatic beta-cells, that signals that act upon threonine 280 limit cyclin D2 stability in beta-cells, and that threonine 280-mutant cyclin D2 overexpression prolongs beta-cell survival and augments beta-cell mass expansion.
Statistical Analysis of Touchdown Error for Self-Guided Aerial Payload Delivery Systems

Proceedings of the 22nd AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference, Daytona Beach, FL, March 25-28, 2013.
Essentially Contested Subjects: Some Ontological and Epistemological Considerations When Studying Homosexuals and Terrorists

Research in political science often entails investigating the attitudes and behaviors of actors and groups. Usually it is clear who the subjects of our study are, especially when dealing with governmental actors (for example, a person either is a member of Congress or they are not). However, when our analysis shifts to society, this often becomes more problematic as we use fixed labels (black, criminal, lesbian, terrorist, and so on) to study groups who are much more amorphous because of their socially constructed nature, groups whom I call “essentially contested subjects.” The power of assigning and using these labels can have important implications on who is included within a study and what knowledge we know/create about them. This article will discuss the ontological and epistemological implications of the methods we use to study essentially contested subjects through an examination of published work on two such groups: homosexuals and terrorists.
Meiofaunal abundances and faunal similarity on the continental rise off the coast of California

Abstract Metazoan meiofauna (e.g., nematodes, benthic copepods) play important roles in deep-sea sediment communities, but information as basic as standing stocks is not known for much of the world ocean. We therefore sampled six stations: one near the 2700-m isobath and one near the 3700-m isobath off northern, central, and southern California. We counted benthic copepods, both Desmoscolecidae and nondesmoscolecid nematodes, kinorhynchs, nauplii, and ostracods from multiple-corer samples. Nematodes from our 2700-m and 3700-m stations, and ostracods and nauplii from our 3700-m stations, were unusually abundant compared to those from other stations from comparable depths in the Pacific. Off California, the abundances of benthic copepods, kinorhynchs, and nondesmoscolecids at the 2700-m stations were significantly greater than those at the 3700-m stations. Abundance of benthic copepods was correlated with the percentage of medium sand in the sediment, so sediment texture could be important to them. That of kinorhynchs was correlated with the concentration of chloroplastic-pigment equivalents and percentage nitrogen, so consumable material from the euphotic zone could be important to them. In contrast to the usual pattern of decreasing abundance with depth, Desmoscolecidae abundance in the central region was greater at the 3700-m than at the 2700-m station. The three regions differed significantly in both kinorhynch and ostracod abundances, independently of depth. In the food-poor deep sea, animals are expected to be more abundant where food is plentiful. Unexpectedly, ostracod abundance was negatively correlated with all food variables. A possible explanation is that the natural enemies of ostracods are abundant where food is abundant. Multivariate faunal similarity at 2700 m differed significantly from that at 3700 m, independently of regions. Benthic copepods were most responsible for the difference. Regions also differed in multivariate faunal similarity independently of depth. In general, faunal similarity is expected to decrease as separation distance increases, but unexpectedly, the northern- and southern-region faunas were more similar to each other than to the central-region fauna. Kinorhynchs were most responsible for this pattern.
Spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush ) in northern Lake Huron

Fidelity to high-quality spawning sites helps ensure that adults repeatedly spawn at sites that maximize reproductive success. Fidelity is also an important behavioural characteristic to consider when hatchery-reared individuals are stocked for species restoration, because artificial rearing environments may interfere with cues that guide appropriate spawning site selection. Acoustic telemetry was used in conjunction with Cormack–Jolly–Seber capture–recapture models to compare degree of spawning site fidelity of wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in northern Lake Huron. Annual survival was estimated to be between 77% and 81% and did not differ among wild and hatchery males and females. Site fidelity estimates were high in both wild and hatchery-reared lake trout (ranging from 0.78 to 0.94, depending on group and time filter), but were slightly lower in hatchery-reared fish than in wild fish. The ecological implication of the small difference in site fidelity between wild and hatche...
Automating lecture capture and broadcast: technology and videography

Our goal is to help automate the capture and broadcast of lectures to online audiences. Such systems have two interrelated design components. The technology component includes hardware and associated software. The aesthetic component comprises the rules and idioms that human videographers follow to make a video visually engaging; these rules guide hardware placement and software algorithms. We report the design of a complete system that captures and broadcasts lectures automatically and report on a user study and a detailed set of video-production rules obtained from professional videographers who critiqued the system, which has been deployed in our organization for 2 years. We describe how the system can be generalized to a variety of lecture room environments differing in room size and number of cameras. We also discuss gaps between what professional videographers do and what is technologically feasible today.
Analysis of human blood serum using the off-line coupling of capillary isoelectric focusing to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.

Off-line coupling of capillary IEF (CIEF) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry was utilized for the analysis of human blood serum. Serum proteins were initially separated by CIEF, and fractions of the isoelectric separation were eluted sequentially to a MALDI-TOF MS sample target. During pressure elution of the CIEF sample, voltage was maintained across the capillary system utilizing a sheath flow arrangement to minimize band broadening induced by the laminar flow field. Both pi and mass information were obtained from the complex biological sample, similar to traditional 2-DE techniques, and the platform was faster (hours versus days), more automatable, and simpler than 2-DE. The volume of raw sample present in the actual analysis was approximately 100 nL, making this technique well suited for very rare specimens. Additionally, the speed and simplicity of the technology make it an attractive technique for performing initial comparative analyses of complex samples.
Selenium inhibition of survivin expression by preventing Sp1 binding to its promoter

Survivin, an antiapoptotic protein highly expressed in cancer, regulates multiple cellular network associated with cancer cell viability and drug resistance. Inhibition of survivin expression has been pursued as a valid cancer therapeutic target. In this study, we showed that selenium, an effective chemopreventive agent for many types of cancers, down-regulated survivin expression. Selenium inhibited survivin expression in both mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using a series of survivin promoter–luciferase constructs, a 37-bp DNA element in the survivin core promoter region that mediates the ability of selenium to inhibit survivin transcription was identified. Gel mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that selenium prevents the binding of Sp1 or Sp1-like proteins to the 37-bp cis-acting DNA element in the survivin promoter. Furthermore, inhibition of survivin expression by small interfering RNA enhanced selenium’s inhibitory effects on cell growth, whereas overexpression of survivin in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells desensitized cancer cells to selenium effect, suggesting that the expression of survivin plays an important role in determining the response of cancer cells to selenium. Taken together, these results suggest that selenium down-regulated survivin expression by preventing the binding of Sp1 or Sp1-like proteins to the promoter of survivin, which contributes at least in part to the inhibitory effect of selenium on survivin gene transcription. In addition, down-regulation of survivin expression may account for one of the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of selenium.
Mediators of the relationship between socioeconomic status and allostatic load in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study (CHASRS)

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with higher levels of allostatic load (AL). Posited mechanisms for this association include stress, personality, psychosocial variables, coping, social networks, and health behaviors. This study examines whether these variables explain the SES-AL relationship in a population-based sample of 208 51- to 69-year-old White, Black, and Hispanic adults in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study. AL was based on nine markers of physiological dysregulation. SES was inversely associated with a composite measure of AL; hostility and poor sleep quality helped to explain the association between AL and SES. Factor analyses revealed four AL components corresponding to the bodily systems of interest. SES was significantly associated with two AL components, suggesting that the effects of SES on physiological dysregulation are specific to certain systems in a middle to early old-age population.
Case study of ground plane inductance and implications for simulation

On a particular multilayer PGA, measurements of the inductance of a closed path (formed by routing the signal pin to the Vss pins through a copper ground plane) show about a 40% percent drop from the low-frequency asymptotic limit to the high-frequency limit. Electromagnetic simulation on a related problem shows similar trends. For the PGA tested, the high-frequency limit applies above about 30 MHz, and the low-frequency limit applies below about 100 kHz. These results indicate that for typical applications in digital packaging with clock rates in the tens of MHz range, electromagnetic as opposed to static simulation is needed for accurate inductance computation. A measurement on a typical Alloy 42 PGA pin and classic skin depth calculations show that electromagnetic simulation of inductance in the frequency band of current interest in packaging (1 MHz >
Use of theophylline to enhance sperm function.

Poor sperm motility is an important factor in male infertility. Preliminary results in our laboratory on a group of 19 men (10 suspected infertile men and 9 fertile donors) showed stimulation of sperm fertilizing ability after sperm washing with theophylline as demonstrated by zona free hamster egg penetration test. The egg penetration rate for the control spermatozoa samples from subfertile men was 16%. Incubation with theophylline (10 mM) increased the penetration rate to 46%, whereas semen incubation with theophylline (20 mM) increased the penetration rate to 51%. A similar twofold increase in egg penetration was observed in the semen of fertile men incubated with theophylline of similar concentrations. Subfertile patients with ejaculate volumes of less than or equal to 1 ml or total motile sperm count of less than or equal to 10 x 10(6)/mL or increased semen viscosity did not exhibit beneficial effects with theophylline washing as measured by hamster egg penetration test score. The increase in percentage of penetrated eggs with theophylline use in both fertile and subfertile men was significant at 10 mM concentration (p less than .001) and 20 mM (p less than .001) when compared to control (untreated) samples. No significant difference in penetration rate was seen between 10 and 20 mM theophylline concentrations. It appears that theophylline may be useful in improving the fertilizing capacity of selected human semen samples with poor motility and poor penetration ability under artificial insemination conditions.
Follower Perceptions Deserve a Closer Look

We wholeheartedly agree with Lord and Dinh (2014) that the distinction between leadership perceptions and effectiveness warrants a closer look. That said, we would like to additionally redirect attention towards the perceptual biases held by followers as a potentially fruitful topic for future research in the field of leadership. That is, we suggest that part of how leaders become effective is driven by how their
Adaptive backstepping-based synchronization of uncertain networked Lagrangian systems

In this paper, we study the synchronization problem of networked uncertain Lagrangian systems on directed communication topologies. For the nominal model, we propose a backstepping-based synchronization design for heterogenous Lagrangian systems on digraphs with a spanning tree. We relax the feedback gain constraints on the distributed synchronization control law which encompasses the existing double integrator consensus design as a special case. For the uncertain model, we develop a distributed adaptive redesign assuming that the uncertainty in each agent dynamics can be expressed as a linear parametrization. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Women of Color Teaching Political Science: Examining the Intersections of Race, Gender, and Course Material in the Classroom

All too often, women of color in higher education have headed the warnings of “publish or perish,” accentuating the centrality of research and publications to their academic careers. However, for the preponderance of women of color, this single-minded attention to research often obscures another aspect to their work that occupies more attention, demands greater time, and yields more satisfying results: teaching and service. For the majority of women of color who are not at research-centered universities, teaching and service occupy the greatest amount of time but can also carry the greatest risks.Previous iterations of this paper have benefited from the feedback and discussion among colleagues present at the 2006 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference and the 2005 APSA panel on Women of Color in the Classroom. In particular, I want to acknowledge the gracious insights of Janni Aragon, Jane Bayes, Cristina Beltran, Ange-Marie Hancock, Mary Hawkesworth, Julia Jordan-Zachery, Lily Ling, and many others who have shared their stores and struggles.
A colored Petri net-based approach to the design of 300 mm wafer fab controllers

As the effective deployment of system production capacity and operational capability becomes critical for competitive semiconductor manufacturing, there is an increasing interest toward the development of a control framework which allows effective and efficient operation of the emerging 300 mm wafer fabs. In the paper, a colored Petri net-based approach is taken to develop such a distributed event-driven 300 mm fab controller. The key element of the proposed controller design is the distribution of control function, to the constituent components of the 300 mm fab, while maintaining the logical correctness and efficiency of the fab behavior. Furthermore, in order to achieve the viability of the resulting control scheme, the proposed approach seeks to incorporate detailed operational characteristics of the 300 mm fabs, including batching, setups, reworks, maintenance, machine failures, and complex resource allocation dynamics due to the routing flexibility and auxiliary resource sharing. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a small-scale example, modeling the operation of a 300 mm fab bay.
An Evaluation of Information-Seeking Behaviors of General Pediatricians

Objective. Usage of computer resources at the point of care has a positive effect on physician decision making. Pediatricians’ information-seeking behaviors are not well characterized. The goal of this study was to characterize quantitatively the information-seeking behaviors of general pediatricians and specifically compare their use of computers, including digital libraries, before and after an educational intervention. Methods. General pediatric residents and faculty at a US Midwest children’s hospital participated. A control (year 1) versus intervention group (year 2) research design was implemented. Eligible pediatrician pools overlapped, such that some participated first in the control group and later as part of the intervention. The intervention group received a 10-minute individual training session and handout on how to use a pediatric digital library to answer professional questions. A general medical digital library was also available. Pediatricians in both the control and the intervention groups were surveyed using the critical incident technique during 2 6-month time periods. Both groups were telephoned for 1- to 2-minute interviews and were asked, “What pediatric question(s) did you have that you needed additional information to answer?” The main outcome measures were the differences between the proportion of pediatricians who use computers and digital libraries and a comparison of the number of times that pediatricians use these resources before and after intervention. Results. A total of 58 pediatricians were eligible, and 52 participated (89.6%). Participant demographics between control (N = 41; 89.1%) and intervention (N = 31; 70.4%) were not statistically different. Twenty pediatricians were in both groups. Pediatricians were slightly less likely to pursue answers after the intervention (94.7% vs 89.2%); the primary reason cited for both groups was a lack of time. The pediatricians were as successful in finding answers in each group (95.7% vs 92.7%), but the intervention group took significantly less time (8.3 minutes vs 19.6 minutes). After the intervention, pediatricians used computers and digital libraries more to answer their questions and spent less time using them. Conclusion. This study showed higher rates of physician questions pursued and answered and higher rates of computer use at baseline and after intervention compared with previous studies. Pediatricians who seek answers at the point of care therefore should begin to shift their information-seeking behaviors toward computer resources, as they are as effective but more time-efficient.
A System for Incremental Synthesis to Gate-Level and Reoptimization Following RTL Design Changes

We address the problem of long cycle time associated with the basic method of optimizing VLSI circuits. We are developing a system which makes it possible to carry out arbitrary changes to Register Transfer Level (RTL) source description of the circuit after a gate-level implementation has been synthesized. The system incrementally updates the gate-level implementation. For typical changes this updation produces comparable results but requires only a small fraction of the time for a complete resynthesis. The system makes use of two object representations. We describe these representations, the maintenance of consistency between them and the incremental synthesis and reoptimization process. Status of the ongoing research on this system is presented.
Computerized Tool to Manage Dental Anxiety A Randomized Clinical Trial

Anxiety regarding dental and physical health is a common and potentially distressing problem, for both patients and health care providers. Anxiety has been identified as a barrier to regular dental visits and as an important target for enhancement of oral health-related quality of life. The study aimed to develop and evaluate a computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy dental anxiety intervention that could be easily implemented in dental health care settings. A cognitive-behavioral protocol based on psychoeducation, exposure to feared dental procedures, and cognitive restructuring was developed. A randomized controlled trial was conducted (N = 151) to test its efficacy. Consenting adult dental patients who met inclusion criteria (e.g., high dental anxiety) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: immediate treatment (n = 74) or a wait-list control (n = 77). Analyses of covariance based on intention-to-treat analyses were used to compare the 2 groups on dental anxiety, fear, avoidance, and overall severity of dental phobia. Baseline scores on these outcomes were entered into the analyses as covariates. Groups were equivalent at baseline but differed at 1-mo follow-up. Both groups showed improvement in outcomes, but analyses of covariance demonstrated significant differences in dental anxiety, fear, avoidance, and overall severity of dental phobia in favor of immediate treatment at the follow-up assessment. Of the patients who met diagnostic criteria for phobia at baseline, fewer patients in the immediate treatment group continued to meet criteria for dental phobia at follow-up as compared with the wait-list group. A new computer-based tool seems to be efficacious in reducing dental anxiety and fear/avoidance of dental procedures. Examination of its effectiveness when administered in dental offices under less controlled conditions is warranted (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02081365).
SYSTEM/U: a database system based on the universal relation assumption

System/U is a universal relation database system under development at Standford University which uses the language C on UNIX. The system is intended to test the use of the universal view, in which the entire database is seen as one relation. This paper describes the theory behind System/U, in particular the theory of maximal objects and the connection between a set of attributes. We also describe the implementation of the DDL (Data Description Language) and the DML (Data Manipulation Language), and discuss in detail how the DDL finds maximal objects and how the DML determines the connection between the attributes that appear in a query.
Hookah steam stones: smoking vapour expands from electronic cigarettes to waterpipes

A hookah is a waterpipe (also known as narghile or shisha) used to smoke flavoured tobacco. It is estimated that the hookah is used daily by more than 100 million people globally.1 Further, hookah smoking appears to be increasing both worldwide and in the USA.2–5 A limited number of studies suggest that health risks associated with hookah smoking are similar to those of cigarette smoking.6 ,7 A single session of hookah smoking can last 30–60 min, with over 100 inhalations.8 ,9 Despite data demonstrating potential health risks, smokers perceive hookah use as less harmful than cigarettes10 because of its sweet smell and taste, and the belief that water ‘filters’ the smoke, reducing toxicant exposure5 ,11 ,12 and is, therefore, less addictive than cigarettes.5 Moreover, existing legal protections for non-smokers do not apply to hookah since most public venues for waterpipe use are exempt from clean …
High-risk pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a case of ectopic, abdominal pregnancy with birth of a live, term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes complicated by pre-eclampsia.

Several cases of abdominal pregnancy have been described in nonhuman primates. These previous occurrences have been mummified fetuses found in the abdominal cavity. This report describes a case of abdominal pregnancy in a timed-bred rhesus monkey with delivery of a live term infant. The mother died 14 days later from complications of septic peritonitis. At necropsy, the monkey had an intestinal adenocarcinoma that may have allowed leakage of intestinal contents into the abdomen. The second case of pregnancy complication was a rhesus monkey found to have gestational diabetes that later developed pre-eclampsia. She was treated for 5 days with a regimen similar to that used in women, and a live infant was delivered at day 157 of gestation by Caesarian section. These cases of high-risk pregnancy underscore the value of timed-breeding and careful monitoring of pregnant monkeys and the similarities between pregnancy complications in women and in nonhuman primates.
The power‐added manager: strategic leaders for the new millennium

The article defines the concept of the “power‐added” manager as a manager with exceptional competence and expertise in relation to their engagement with both knowledge and people, and links this concept to strategic leadership. Three areas of competence characterise the power‐added manager: knowledge management, social acumen, and global orientation. A model is proposed that identifies some of the key underlying competencies that will be exhibited by the power‐added manager in each of these areas.
The Penn Conditional Exclusion Test: a new measure of executive-function with alternate forms for repeat administration

Studies of change in neuropsychological function over time in both healthy and diseased populations have been hindered by the absence of alternate forms of most commonly used neuropsychological tests. The Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET) was developed as a new cognitive instrument to assess "executive" functioning with four alternate forms. In Study 1, the PCET was administered in counterbalanced order to 80 healthy young adults to establish equivalent test difficulty. Results revealed that the four versions were related on categories achieved, total number of errors and total number of trials. In Study 2, the PCET was administered to 25 healthy adults of a wide age range with a battery of computerized neuropsychological tests to assess construct validity. Convergent validity was confirmed by positive correlations between the PCET and a measure of abstraction. Divergent validity was established through low, nonsignificant correlations between the PCET and measures of facial emotion recognition, word and face memory, visuospatial function, and verbal reasoning.
A mode locked array of coupled phase locked loops

An array of coupled phase locked loops is configured to produce a comb spectrum, and therefore pulsed microwave power, using a frequency locking technique analogous to the mode locked optical laser. The basic principles of operation are derived and measurements of an 11-GHz system, built from commercially available microwave components, demonstrate the frequency and time domain characteristics. >
Nonlinear model validation using multiple experiments

Model validation is the formulation of an experiment to test the predictive power of a candidate model. This paper considers an atypical method for combining multiple experiments, which arises due to our choice of measure. We explore a framework for combining multiple experiment information using bifurcation theory. We follow the approach of successive deduction, hypothesis formulation and falsification testing in an attempt to invalidate a given model. The example used to illustrate the method is the practical problem of combustion instability modelling.
Logical industrial controls using fuzzy rules

Fuzzy logic controls are actively explored in an increasing number of manufacturing and process industries. The main goal is to improve manufacturing productivity. This paper is intended to fill the need of applying logical industrial control using fuzzy rules. With improved knowledge of fuzzy logic, users' interests and success rate of potential applications will grow. In this paper, we present idiosyncrasies of industrial control needs and understanding fuzzy logic for industrial controls. We then discuss the process of evolving applications and examples of industrial controls. Several justifications using fuzzy logic and practical ways to apply are presented. The overall goal is to increase successful applications of fuzzy logic controls in the manufacturing and process environment. >
Observation of quasi-ballistic heat transport at nano-interfaces using coherent soft X-ray beams

We make the first observation and quantitative measurement of quasi-ballistic thermal transport from a nanoscale heat source, finding a significant decrease in energy transport away from the hotspot compared with diffusive thermal transport predictions.
A novel route of revascularization in basilar artery occlusion and review of the literature

Ischemia of the basilar artery is one of the most devastating types of arterial occlusive disease. Despite treatment of basilar artery occlusions (BAO) with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, antiplatelet agents, intra-arterial therapy or a combination, fatality rates remain high. Aggressive recanalization with mechanical thrombectomy is therefore often necessary to preserve life. When direct access to the basilar trunk is not possible, exploration of chronically occluded vessels through collaterals with angioplasty and stenting creates access for manual aspiration. We describe the first report of retrograde vertebral artery (VA) revascularization using thyrocervical collaterals for anterograde mechanical aspiration of a BAO followed by stenting of the chronically occluded VA origin. Our novel retrograde–anterograde approach resulted in resolution of the patient9s clinical stroke syndrome.
Global Electronics, Inc.: ABC Implementation and the Change Management Process

Descriptions of activity‐based‐costing (ABC) systems have become a standard part of managerial accounting texts. While ABC implementation issues are the focus of a number of articles, these issues are often not addressed in a typical textbook. This case is designed to familiarize you with the behavioral and technical variables that can aid or impede successful ABC implementation. Anderson's (1995) factor‐stage model provides a template to organize the discussion of ABC success factors. In this case, you will be cast in the role of a business consultant. You are asked to synthesize the case study's key “change management” insights into a report that could be shared with co‐workers in an intranetbased knowledge management system. In addition, you may be expected to prepare a formal presentation of the report for your peers.
Application of a New Tight-Binding Total Energy Method to 4-d Transition Metals and Compounds

Since the appearance of the classic Slater-Koster (SK) paper[1] in 1954, numerous applications using the tight binding method as an interpolation scheme have been published. These works cover a wide spectrum of approaches ranging from those that aim toward simplicity by reducing the number of orbitals used, thus requiring determination of a small number of parameters, to those applications that emphasize accuracy, hence requiring a large number of parameters for implementation. The first author of this article and various collaborators have adopted the latter point of view in a series of papers including a handbook applying the SK method[2].
Rate of transport of spermia in human uterus and tubes

Summary 1. The average time (three determinations) for human spermia to traverse the excised human uterus and tubes at near in vivo condition was 69 minutes. Twenty-seven minutes of this occurred in the uterus, 42 in the Fallopian tubes (interpolation). 2. The average distance traversed was 189 mm.; 84 in the uterus, 105 in the tube. The average distance in mm. per minute was 2.7. 3. The average time for ejaculated spermia to reach the ovum in women is 65 to 75 minutes (interpolated).
Mutant allele frequencies in cats of Minneapolis-St. Paul

Coat color phenotype frequencies were determined in the cat population of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Mutant allele frequencies are estimated to be p (O) = 0.287, q(a) = 0.742, q(d) = 0.635, q(l) = 0.507, p(S) = 0.288. q(tb) = 0.472, p(W) = 0.016, and q(cs) = 0.214. A substantial number of cats displaying the Siamese coat pattern were found. These cats have a long history in the population.
Feasibility of Establishing an Aesthetic Injury Level for German Cockroach Pest Management Programs

We investigated the feasibility of applying the aesthetic injury level (AIL) concept to pests such as cockroaches in urban pest control programs. A random survey was conducted in public housing projects in Roanoke, Va., Norfolk, Va., and Baltimore, Md. One hundred surveys were taken in each of the cities. The results of the survey indicate that the AIL is variable based on the extent of the pest infestation. The larger the infestation, the greater the tolerance to some level of pest infestation. However, we speculate that as infestation level declines, tolerance of the pest will also decline. This will require designing pest control programs to address the specific attitudes of the target audience.
Ordering and Oxygen Adsorption in Au–Pt/Pt(111) Surface Alloys

Bimetallic surface alloys are considered a promising type of catalyst for improved activity and selectivity. Using first-principles density functional calculations and the cluster expansion (CE) method, we have studied the surface structure and ordering of a mixed Au–Pt surface layer on Pt(111). Even though the Au–Pt system is well-known to phase-separate in the bulk, we predict a series of T = 0 K energetically stable, laterally ordered striped structures in the Au–Pt(111) surface. The formation of such ordered structures is the result of a competition between the strain relaxations (favoring short-period stripe ordering) and the unfavorable Au–Pt bonds at stripe interfaces (favoring long-period phase separation). We have also investigated the oxygen adsorption on these ordered structures and a disordered Au–Pt(111) surface alloy. The disordered surface is modeled by a two-dimensional special quasirandom structure (SQS) that mimics the pair and triplet correlation functions of a disordered binary distrib...
Neonatal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of the spleen associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a rare locally aggressive vascular tumor that usually manifests during early childhood. Typically the lesion presents with skin, soft tissue and bone involvement and is characterized histologically by ill-defined nodularity and the presence of spindle cells with resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma. We report a rare neonatal case of a splenic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon that was diagnosed with radiographic imaging. Because of the rapid onset of thrombocytopenia and anemia, the patient required urgent splenectomy with subsequent resolution of the blood dyscrasias.
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding assisted charge transport through single rectifying molecule.

A novel diode molecule consisting of α-hydroxyphenyl pyridine motif was synthesized. Molecular self-assembly onto gold electrode surface leads to moderate rectifying behavior. The replacement of the hydroxyl proton by a methyl group leads to the disruption of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and yields a twisted molecular conformation. Comparing the current−voltage characteristics between these two compounds reveals that the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding substantially improves the molecular conductivity.
Inflammatory carcinoma of the bladder and interstitial cystitis.

AbstractTwo patients were treated for interstitial cystitis after having had bladder biopsies that did not reveal tumor. However, in both cases an aggressive carcinoma of the bladder later proved to be present when simple cystectomy for the “benign” disease was done. The masquerade of carcinoma of the bladder as interstitial cystitis and the pitfalls inherent in making the correct diagnosis are emphasized. The possibility of underlying bladder carcinoma should be excluded in any patient who presents with symptoms of chronic cystitis. Urinary cytology is most helpful but repeated bladder biopsy with careful serial sectioning may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of malignancy. It is not known whether the carcinomas were primary or secondary developments in our cases. The term inflammatory carcinoma of the bladder is proposed to call the attention of clinicians and pathologists to this lethal imitator.
The Work of Theology

This book is, or may be, a career “retrospective” (viii) by the inimitable Duke Divinity School theologian-ethicist Stanley Hauerwas.It is a career retrospective in that the author does restate, de...
State-Level Trends and Correlates for Cross-Sector Collaboration on School Nutrition and Physical Education Activities, 2000-2012.

Introduction Cross-sector collaboration on child obesity prevention is common, yet little research has examined the context of collaboration at the state level. This study describes secular trends in collaboration between state agency staff responsible for school nutrition and physical education activities and other organizations from 2000 to 2012. Methods Data from the School Health Policies and Practices Study were used to describe collaboration between state agency staff and 13 types of public, private, and nonprofit organizations. Breadth of collaboration in 2012 was examined across political, social, and economic conditions. Results Collaboration between state agency staff and other organization types increased from 2000 to 2006 and decreased or stabilized from 2006 to 2012. Breadth of collaboration was greater in states with a physical education coordinator, higher levels of poverty, higher prevalence of childhood obesity, and more public health funding. Breadth was similar across states by census region, political party of governor, majority party in state legislature, percentage non-Hispanic white population, high school graduation rate, and unemployment rate. Conclusion Cross-sector collaboration on school nutrition and physical education was widespread and did not vary substantially across most political, social, and economic measures. Expanded monitoring and surveillance of state-level collaboration would assist efforts to understand how state agencies work across sectors and whether this collaboration affects the support they provide to schools.
Evaluation of the Impact of Routine HIV Screening in Primary Care

Since 2006, numerous testing initiatives have been launched across the United States to increase the number of individuals who know their HIV status. These initiatives are often venue based and reported in a variety of settings. However, the effectiveness of these initiatives has not been evaluated to determine if patients were identified earlier in the course of disease or would not have been otherwise tested. In 2010, a publicly funded teaching hospital implemented an electronic medical record prompt to improve the rate of routine HIV screening and diagnosis, focusing on primary care office visits. Both sex and CD4 count were found to be significantly related to being newly diagnosed after the intervention. Routine testing in primary care is an effective strategy to diagnose patients earlier in disease progression, particularly men who might otherwise not be tested and thus would remain undiagnosed until developing symptoms from advanced disease.
Down for the count in acute myeloid leukemia.

In this issue of Blood , [Rauch et al][1] provide evidence for a novel mechanism to explain a fundamental yet enigmatic observation that has plagued hematologists for decades: the decline in nonleukemic hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The authors found
ALPHA-DELTA SLEEP IN PATIENTS WITH A CHIEF COMPLAINT OF CHRONIC FATIGUE

Our prospective, standardized cohort study was designed to assess the presence of alpha wave intrusions during non-rapid eye movement sleep (alpha-delta sleep) and its relationship to fibromyalgia, major depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in patients with a chief complaint of chronic fatigue. The study group comprised 30 consecutive patients seen at a university hospital referral clinic for evaluation of chronic fatigue. All patients had nocturnal polysomnography, dolorimetric tender point assessment for fibromyalgia, a comprehensive history, physical, and laboratory evaluation, and a structured psychiatric interview. Alpha-delta sleep was identified in 8 of the 30 patients (26%), major depression in 20 (67%), CFS in 15 (50%), and fibromyalgia in 4 (13%). Ten of the 30 patients (33%) had a primary sleep disorder (sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, or narcolepsy). Alpha-delta sleep was not significantly correlated with fibromyalgia, CFS, major depression, or primary sleep disorders, but was significantly more common among patients who had chronic fatigue without major depression. We conclude that primary sleep disorders are relatively common among patients with chronic fatigue and must be diligently sought and treated. Alpha-delta sleep is not a marker of fibromyalgia or CFS, but may contribute to the illness of nondepressed patients with these conditions.
Refined and Uniform Microstructure with Superior Mechanical Properties in Medium Plate Microalloyed Steel with Reduction in Mn-Content during Ultrafast Cooling

We describe here the relationship between electron microscopy and mechanical property studies in industrially processed titanium bearing microalloyed steel plates that involved processing using the recently developed ultrafast cooling (UFC) approach. Given that the segregation of manganese is generally responsible for microstructural banding in low-alloy steels, which can deteriorate the tensile property in the direction of thickness, the manganese-content was reduced by ~0.6-0.8% with the objective to obtain uniform microstructure across the thickness of the steel plate. Besides, non-uniform distribution of accelerated cooling along the thickness direction also leads to inhomogeneous microstructure across the plate thickness. In order to obtain near-uniform microstructure and similar mechanical properties from the surface to the center of plate, fast and effective cooling process is necessary. In this regard, refined and uniform microstructure that was free of microstructural banding was obtained via UFC process across the plate thickness, with strict control and faster cooling rate on the run-out table. Furthermore, grain refinement and random precipitation in the ferrite matrix contributed ~100 MPa toward yield strength. The study underscores the potential of processing medium and heavy plates of titanium bearing microalloyed steels plates with uniform and refined microstructure across the thickness via thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) involving UFC.
Invasion, raids and army reform: the political context of ‘flotilla defence’, 1903–5

In response to the pressure of the invasion debates of 1903–5 the Admiralty developed a new strategy, ‘flotilla defence’, to counter arguments brought forward by the War Office. This concept was a purely political one; it was a cynical bid to mislead the Committee of Imperial Defence in order to secure naval funding. By placing ‘flotilla defence’ in this context this article will demonstrate that it was not, as has been claimed, a revolutionary naval strategy, but part of the polarization of defence policy which led to a breakdown in relations between the army and the navy.