cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing sialocele or salivary fistula formation postparotidectomy.

Background Does the extent of parotidectomy or other patient or tumor characteristics influence the rate of sialocele/salivary fistula formation? Methods All patients who underwent parotidectomy at the University of Wisconsin from 1994 to 2013 were considered. Patients who developed a sialocele/salivary fistula were identified. Extent of dissection, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), volume of specimen, and rate of malignancy were examined. Results Seventy of 771 patients (9.1%) developed a sialocele/salivary fistula. Sixty-seven fistulae (96%) developed within 1 month and all resolved by 6 months. Age, sex, pathology, and BMI were not increased in the sialocele group. Inferior and middle superficial parotidectomy had a significantly higher rate of sialocele than other extents of dissection. Volume of tissue removed was not significantly different between dissection groups. Conclusion Sialocele/salivary fistula is common postparotidectomy and is more likely with inferior and middle superficial parotidectomy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
The North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study and the US Army Corps of Engineers Sandy Recovery Program

The Disaster Relief Appropriation Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-2) recognized the need to comprehensively evaluate the existing and planned measures to reduce the flooding risk from tidally-influenced storm surges as well as other alternatives for areas at risk to future storm damages. The legislation directed the US Army Corps of Engineers to undertake a Comprehensive Study of the Sandy impacted areas in the North Atlantic Division (Maine to Virginia). This paper reviews the findings and outcomes of the NACCS and their application across the USACE’s Sandy Recovery Program.
Advertising Effectiveness and Attitude Change Vary as a Function of Working Memory Capacity

Summary Prior research has confirmed that the amount of attention paid to an advertisement will influence its effectiveness when it comes to changing consumer attitudes. This study expands on this understanding by exploring how individual differences in the ability to control attention (i.e., working memory capacity; WMC) might further moderate the effect of attention on advertising. Participants who varied in WMC were evaluated on their attitudes towards a consumer brand before and after viewing a video advertisement. While the advertisement did make participants more positive towards the product overall, this change in attitude was directly related to participants' ability to control attention and the degree to which the ad fostered the activation of autobiographical memories. Further, these changes in attitude were unrelated to how well the ad was remembered. This suggests that individual differences in attentional control can influence how advertisements impact customer attitude and the acceptance of persuasive messaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Responsibility, Protection and Displacement: Exploring the Connections between R2P , Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons

The emergence of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine is part of a universal longing to prevent atrocities and to protect those affected by them. While its origins are quite distinct from international humanitarian principles, its links with humanitarian issues are clear. In fact, R2P emerged in response to humanitarian tragedies. This article traces the intersection of R2P and protection frameworks for refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs), recognizing the important differences between them. R2P focuses on prevention, response and rebuilding – the first two tasks of which are inherently political. Conflicts cannot be prevented or resolved without engaging in political action of one kind or another. Responding to atrocities requires taking sides. Normative frameworks on refugees and IDPs, on the other hand, are based on the principle that people are to be assisted and protected on the basis of need alone and that humanitarian action is non-political in nature.
Nuclear Receptors as Regulators of Macrophage Homeostasis and Function

Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors that regulate diverse aspects of development and homeostasis. Several members of this superfamily play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory responses and lipid homeostasis in macrophages. These include the glucocorticoid receptor, which acts to inhibit inflammatory programs of gene expression in response to natural corticosteroids and synthetic anti-inflammatory agents such as dexamethasone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) that regulate fatty acid homeostasis and inflammation in response to endogenous eicosanoids, and liver X receptors (LXRs) that regulate cholesterol efflux in response to endogenous oxysterols. Recent progress in defining the physiological roles of these receptor systems in macrophages and understanding their mechanisms of action suggest that they may be important targets for the development of new classes of pharmaceuticals that will be useful for treating human diseases in which macrophages play critical pathogenic roles, such as atherosclerosis and arthritis.
Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities

The use of contrast media in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in horses. These contrast-enhanced imaging techniques provide improved tissue delineation and evaluation, thereby expanding diagnostic capabilities. While generally considered safe, not all contrast media exhibit the same safety profiles. The safety of contrast media use and descriptions of adverse events occurring in horses are sparsely reported. This review summarises the reported evidence of contrast media use and adverse events that occur in horses, with added contribution from other veterinary species and studies in man for comparison. This comprehensive data set empowers equine clinicians to develop use and monitoring strategies when working with contrast media. Finally, it summarises the current state-of-the-art and highlights the potential applications of contrast-enhanced CT and MRI for assessment of diseased or injured equine tissues, as well as (patho)physiological processes.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening disease without effective treatment, highlighting the need for identifying new targets and treatment modalities. The pathogenesis of IPF is complex, and engaging multiple targets simultaneously might improve therapeutic efficacy. To assess the role of the endocannabinoid/cannabinoid receptor 1 (endocannabinoid/CB1R) system in IPF and its interaction with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as dual therapeutic targets, we analyzed lung fibrosis and the status of the endocannabinoid/CB1R system and iNOS in mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with IPF, as well as controls. In addition, we investigated the antifibrotic efficacy in the mouse PF model of an orally bioavailable and peripherally restricted CB1R/iNOS hybrid inhibitor. We report that increased activity of the endocannabinoid/CB1R system parallels disease progression in the lungs of patients with idiopathic PF and in mice with bleomycin-induced PF and is associated with increased tissue levels of interferon regulatory factor-5. Furthermore, we demonstrate that simultaneous engagement of the secondary target iNOS by the hybrid CB1R/iNOS inhibitor has greater antifibrotic efficacy than inhibition of CB1R alone. This hybrid antagonist also arrests the progression of established fibrosis in mice, thus making it a viable candidate for future translational studies in IPF.
Prevalence and Predictors of Diastolic Dysfunction According to Different Classification Criteria

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is often preceded by diastolic dysfunction (DD). Of several published DD criteria, it is unclear which, if any, are applicable to data obtained in epidemiologic cohorts. We evaluated the prevalence of DD using previously published definitions in a population-based study, the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, using data gathered in 2010-2011. Echocardiography was performed on 3,474 individuals (mean age = 50.2 years) at the CARDIA year 25 examination. Four published definitions of DD were studied. We calculated DD prevalence for each definition and determined the overlap between definitions. We used logistic regression to assess the strength of associations between demographic and clinical factors and the definitions of DD. Prevalence of DD ranged from 2% to 32% across the 4 definitions, with a minority of cases identified by more than 1 definition. Two definitions classified 38%-39% of the study sample as indeterminate for DD. Associations of risk factors with DD varied considerably, with male sex being associated positively with DD for one definition (odds ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 1.6) and inversely for another (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 0.8). Prevalence of DD varies markedly in CARDIA by the definition applied. A uniform, reliable, and accurate definition of DD for epidemiologic studies is needed.
5-(Halomethyl)furfurals from Biomass and Biomass-Derived Sugars

5-(Halomethyl)furfurals (XMFs) are biomass-derived platform chemicals that are gaining traction as practical alternatives to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). This chapter provides an overview of the historical role of XMFs in the chemical investigation of carbohydrates and describes multiple approaches to their preparation, including recent breakthroughs by which XMFs, and in particular 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), are obtained in high yield directly from raw biomass. Halomethylfurfurals have two basic derivative manifolds: furanic and levulinic, and this chapter will highlight commercial markets that can be unlocked by synthetic manipulation of CMF and its immediate derivatives.
Learning Optimal Representations

In the analysis of most experimental time series, the question of how to best represent the data has always had an obvious answer - as a time series. However, with the discovery of chaotic attractors, we have learned that the data from many experimental systems can be better represented in a reconstructed state space [1]. This reveals features of the dynamics that were not apparent in the original time series. These state space reconstructions may simply be considered a generalization of the phase space plots used in classical mechanics.
Three Stages of Health Encounters Over 8000 Human Generations and How They Inform Future Public Health.

An editorial is presented which addresses what the author refers to as the three stages of health encounters that have occurred over 8,000 human generations, and it mentions the impacts of these health encounters on public health. Human life expectancy and innovations in medicine and public health are examined, along with health issues during the Paleolithic era and the Industrial Revolution. Leisure and human genetic mismatch during the twentieth century are assessed.
The Relationship between Role Theory and Feminism in Vogue Advertisements from 1960-1990

The relationship between role theory and feminism in magazine advertisements, specifically those found in Vogue between 1960-1990 was examined. The way gendered roles evolved with cultural changes, spurred by the second and third waves of feminism were observed and documented using role theory as a framework. The purpose of this research was to explore and understand whether women's roles, as presented in Vogue advertisements between 1960-1990, were consistent with the expectations of society in terms of gendered norms. We wondered whether women's roles portrayed in Vogue advertisements between 1960-1990 might be more consistent with the counter-culture and values of the second and third waves of feminism, so undertook this research project to better understand the position Vogue magazine held during feminism's second and third waves.
The green promise of vertical farms [Blueprints for a Miracle]

I EMERGE FROM THE TOKYO Monorail station on Showajima, a small island in Tokyo Bay that's nestled between downtown Tokyo and Haneda Airport. Disoriented and dodging cargo trucks exiting a busy overpass, I duck under a bridge and consult the map on my phone, which leads me deeper into a warren of warehouses. I eventually find Espec Mic Corp.'s VegetaFarm, in a dilapidated 1960s office building tucked between a printing plant and a beer distributor. Stepping inside the glass-walled lobby on the second floor, I see racks upon racks of leafy green lettuce and kale growing in hydroponic solutions of water and a precisely calibrated mix of nutrients. Energyefficient LEDs emit a pinkish light within a spectral range of 400 to 700 nanometers, the sweet spot for photosynthesis.
Foundations of ΨDO Theory

The simplest example of an oscillatory integral is prov ided by the Fourier transform ofa function (or distribution) of tempered growth. Let S (ℝ n ) be the Schwartz space of functions u(x) ∈ C∞ (ℝ n ) all derivatives of which decrease faster than any power of |x| as |x| → ∞, i.e. for arbitrary α, β $$ \mathop {\sup }\limits_{x \in \mathbb{R}^n } |x^\alpha (\partial ^\beta u)(x)| < + \infty . $$ (1.1)
From sequence to phoresy – molecular biology in acarology

First of all, I would like to thank Maurice Sabelis and the organizing committee of the International Congress for the honor of being invited to present this address. When Maurice invited me to give this address he suggested I stick with the general theme of this congress, ecology and genomics. I had a brief moment of doubt, I do not actually work on either genomics or ecology, and so I decided to broaden the topic to the impact of molecular biology on acarology. More specifically, to use this occasion to emphasize and celebrate some areas where molecular biology has allowed us to make significant advances. Acarology is clearly following in the footsteps of other disciplines in rapidly integrating molecular data and methods in all aspects of research. Anybody doubting this should check the listing of presentations at this congress. In presenting these comments I should stress that in selecting developments to highlight, I have tried to cover a range, but I lay no claim to being comprehensive. These are my choices, reflecting my biases.
Densification behavior of ZrB2-MoSi2 ceramics: The formation and evolution of core-shell solid solution structures

Abstract The role of solid solution shells in the densification behavior of ZrB2-MoSi2 ceramics was analyzed for varying ZrB2 starting particle sizes and MoSi2 contents. The formation of core-shell structures in hot-pressed ceramics in the ZrB2-MoSi2 system was confirmed by SEM, TEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. Microstructure analysis established that each ZrB2 core and its (Zr,Mo)B2 solid solution shell were isostructural with no detectable crystallographic misfit. Two single phase (Zr1-XMoX)B2 solid solutions were synthesized by reactive hot pressing to confirm that ZrB2-MoB2 solid solutions obey a quasi-linear Vegard's law. Additional (Si-free) ZrB2-Mo compositions, ZrB2/Mo/ZrB2 sandwich structures, or ZrB2-MoSi2 ceramics (quenched to room temperature) were hot pressed to study a transient liquid phase and its interdependency on ZrB2 powder purity, connectivity of pathways for mass transfer, wettability, or solubility as a function of applied pressure. The solid solution shells were the result of mass transfer by competing solid state mechanisms of surface and grain boundary diffusion during sintering that may have been boosted by a fugitive Si-based transient liquid phase. Mo was incorporated in diffusion-deposited diboride material at particle-particle necks. The volume fraction of solid solution shells and their Mo contents were affected by processing temperatures. In addition, plastic deformation of MoSi2 filled some closed porosity to aid the ceramics in achieving near full density.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Repair versus Observation in Older Patients

Objectives:Meniscal root tears occur in a bimodal distribution, affecting both young healthy athletes and older patients with early degenerative knees. Root tears lead to de-tensioning of the menis...
HOW DO INVESTORS RESPOND TO TERRITORIAL DISPUTES? EVIDENCE FROM THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND IMPLICATIONS ON PHILIPPINES ECONOMIC STRATEGY

How do territorial disputes affect bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) between claimant states? Using a difference model, we find that a regime’s position on the South China Sea (SCS) signifi...
Turbophoresis of small inertial particles: theoretical considerations and application to wall-modelled large-eddy simulations

In wall-bounded turbulent flows, the wall-normal gradient in turbulence intensity causes inertial particles to move preferentially toward the wall, leading to elevated concentration levels in the viscous sublayer. At first glance, wall-modelled large-eddy simulations may seem ill suited for accurately simulating this behaviour, given that the sharp gradients and coherent structures in the viscous sublayer and buffer region are unresolved in this approach. In this paper, a detailed inspection of conservation equations describing the influence of turbophoresis and near-wall structures on particle concentration profiles reveals a more nuanced view depending on the friction Stokes number. The dynamics of low and moderate Stokes number particles indeed depends strongly on the complex spatio-temporal details of streaks, ejections, and sweeps in the near-wall region. This significantly impacts the near-wall particle concentration through a biased sampling effect which provides a net force away from the wall on the particle ensemble caused by the tendency of inertial particles to accumulate in low-speed ejection regions. At higher Stokes numbers, however, this biased sampling is of minimal importance, and the particle concentration becomes inversely proportional to the wall-normal particle velocity variance at a given distance from the wall. As a result, wall-modelled large-eddy simulations can predict concentration profiles with more accuracy in the high Stokes number regime than low Stokes numbers simply by modifying the interpolation scheme for particles between the first grid point and the boundary. However, accurate representation of low and moderate Stokes number particles depends critically on information not present in standard wall-modelled large-eddy simulations.
Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neural Plasticity, Orexin Receptor 1 Signaling, and Connectivity with the Lateral Hypothalamus Are Necessary in Cue-Potentiated Feeding

Cognitive processes contribute to the control of feeding behavior and help organism's survival when they support physiological needs. They can become maladaptive, such as when learned food cues drive feeding in the absence of hunger. Associative learning is the basis for cue-driven food seeking and consumption, and behavioral paradigms with Pavlovian cue-food conditioning are well established. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying circuit plasticity across cue-food learning, cue memory recall, and subsequent food motivation are unknown. Here, we demonstrated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a site of learning-induced plasticity and signaling of the neuropeptide orexin within the mPFC mediates cue potentiated feeding (CPF). First, using a marker of neuronal activation, c-fos, we confirmed that the mPFC is activated during CPF. Next, to assess whether the same mPFC neuronal ensemble is activated during cue-food learning and later CPF, we used the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation method in c-fos-lacZ transgenic male and female rats. Selective inactivation of the mPFC neurons that were active during the last cue-food training session abolished CPF during test, demonstrating that the mPFC is a site of plasticity. We postulated that integration of food cue memory and feeding motivation requires mPFC communications with lateral hypothalamus and showed that disconnection of that system abolished CPF. Then we showed that lateral hypothalamus orexin-producing neurons project to the mPFC. Finally, we blocked orexin receptor 1 signaling in the mPFC and showed that it is a neuromodulator necessary for the cue-driven consumption. Together, our findings identify a causal function for the mPFC in the cognitive motivation to eat.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and the associated health consequences are serious and costly. The causes of obesity are complex because, in addition to physiological energy and nutrient needs, environmental cues can drive feeding through hedonic and cognitive processes. Learned food cues from the environment can powerfully stimulate appetite and food consumption in the absence of hunger. Using an animal model for cue-potentiated feeding, the current study determined the mPFC neuronal plasticity and neuropeptide orexin signaling are critical circuit and neurotransmitter mechanisms involved in this form of cognitive motivation to eat. These findings identify key targets for potential treatment of excessive appetite and overeating.
Reinforcement learning in FlipIt

Reinforcement learning has shown much success in games such as chess, backgammon and Go. However, in most of these games, agents have full knowledge of the environment at all times. In this paper, we describe a deep learning model that successfully optimizes its score using reinforcement learning in a game with incomplete and imperfect information. We apply our model to FlipIt, a two-player game in which both players, the attacker and the defender, compete for ownership of a shared resource and only receive information on the current state (such as the current owner of the resource, or the time since the opponent last moved, etc.) upon making a move. Our model is a deep neural network combined with Q-learning and is trained to maximize the defender's time of ownership of the resource. Despite the imperfect observations, our model successfully learns an optimal cost-effective counter-strategy and shows the advantages of the use of deep reinforcement learning in game theoretic scenarios. Our results show that it outperforms the Greedy strategy against distributions such as periodic and exponential distributions without any prior knowledge of the opponent's strategy, and we generalize the model to $n$-player games.
Using Active Load-Pull with Modulated Signals to Optimize Power and Linearity

Active Load-Pull (L-P) measurements using modulated signals are performed on a packaged GaN HEMT to optimize power and linearity. The measurements are taken using single-tone (1-tone), two-tone (2-tone), and modulated (128-QAM) signals at 2 GHz. A test fixture with a 6 W commercial GaN HEMT is used as the device-under-test (DUT). Linearity is optimized by minimizing IM3 and ACPR. Furthermore, a comparison of the optimized load power (P L ) performance between 1-tone and 128-QAM is made. Our results show that the impedance matching conditions that optimize either power or linearity can be reliably predicted via active L-P using modulated signals. We also find that there are considerable differences between 1-tone and the modulated signals in the P L contours and optimal P L impedance matching conditions. These ascertainments could impact power amplifier design depending on the power and linearity specification trade-offs.
Increasing megakaryopoiesis without promoting the malignant clone in myeloid malignancies.

Thrombocytopenia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [1]. Ineffective hematopoiesis and infiltration of the...
Impact of PCV-13 vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalised children: A multi-institutional analysis.

Aim We aimed to describe changes in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) hospitalisations after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, including children with IPD pre-PCV13 (2004-2009) and post-PCV13 (2012-2017). Healthy children and those with chronic conditions were analysed separately. The primary outcome was IPD incidence. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality. Results 9160 hospitalisations for IPD were included. The IPD rate per 100 000 discharges was 180 pre-PVC13 and 150 post-PCV13 [17% decrease (P = 0.085)]. The observed IPD rate in 2017 was 45.5% lower than the rate predicted by the pre-PCV13 trend (95% CI: 44%-46%). While a significant decrease in IPD (32%, P = 0.026) was observed among healthy children, there was no change in those with chronic conditions (9%, P = 0.24). In the post-PCV13 period, more IPD patients had chronic conditions, ICU admissions and longer ICU stays. Conclusion Although there was no overall reduction in IPD after PCV13, we observed a significant decrease in IPD among healthy patients. Further research is needed to elucidate microbiology or other factors contributing to persistent IPD hospitalisations.
Temporal Evolution of Flux Rope/Tube Entanglement in 3-D Hall MHD Simulations

At the Earth’s magnetopause, flux tubes observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft in “entangled” pairs have been interpreted as a precursory stage to the formation of a new pair of...
Early life stress causes sex-specific changes in adult fronto-limbic connectivity that differentially drive learning

It is currently unclear whether early life stress (ELS) affects males and females differently. However, a growing body of work has shown that sex moderates responses to stress and injury, with important insights into sex-specific mechanisms provided by work in rodents. Unfortunately, most of the ELS studies in rodents were conducted only in males, a bias that is particularly notable in translational work that has used human imaging. Here we examine the effects of unpredictable postnatal stress (UPS), a mouse model of complex ELS, using high resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. We show that UPS induces several neuroanatomical alterations that were seen in both sexes and resemble those reported in humans. In contrast, exposure to UPS induced fronto-limbic hyper-connectivity in males, but either no change or hypoconnectivity in females. Moderated-mediation analysis found that these sex-specific changes are likely to alter contextual freezing behavior in males but not in females.
Nutrition counseling and monitoring via tele-nutrition for healthy diet for people with spinal cord injury: A case series analyses.

Objective To evaluate the effect of a tele-nutrition counseling program on diet quality, weight, waist circumference, and quality of life in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Prospective observational study. Participants Fifteen participants with SCI were enrolled from an acute inpatient rehabilitation unit and outpatient SCI clinic; ten participants completed the intervention. Interventions Six tele-nutrition counseling sessions over 3 months, utilizing videoconferencing and a photographic food diary. Outcome measures Weight, waist circumference, Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA), Knowledge and Nutrition Evaluation with Supplement on Eating Behavior, and Program Satisfaction Survey (PSS). Results Ten participants completed both baseline and 3-month follow-up evaluations and were used in this analysis. There were no statistically significant changes from baseline to 3-month follow up in weight, waist circumference, Knowledge and Nutrition Evaluation, and LSIA (P > .48). Using the Supplement on Eating Behavior total score to measure overall changes in healthy food choices, 9 out of 10 participants rated their healthy food choices as improving (P = .008). A post-hoc exploratory itemized analysis on the Supplement on Eating Behavior revealed significant improvements from baseline to 3-month follow-up in participant's self-reported choice of balanced meals (P = .008), reading food labels (P = .031), logging meals (P = .007), and monitoring portions of eating favorite foods (P = .031). Participants endorsed a 97-100% satisfaction rating in relation to perceived health benefits, equipment, and program satisfaction. Conclusion This study provides preliminary data suggesting that tele-nutrition is an efficacious intervention that may improve diet quality for individuals with SCI.
Faculty-Librarian Collaborations: Integrating the Information Literacy Framework into Disciplinary Courses . Michael Stöpel et al., eds. Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 238p. Paperback, $65.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-4852-1).

Michael Stopel and a team of editors have crafted a unique celebration of faculty-librarian collaborations that highlights the relevance of the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to all disciplines. This publication is a product of an AMICAL workshop developed to encourage faculty-librarian collaborations in the development of courses that integrated the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy. AMICAL is a consortium of 29 higher education institutions located in 22 countries across Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and Southern Asia. They are accredited by American Agencies and are members of the Association of American International Colleges and Universities (AAICU). Workshop participants committed to codesigning their instruction and teaching the course the following year. The book offers a thoughtful selection of these codesigned instruction sessions that demonstrate the value and impact of librarian-faculty collaborations in information literacy instruction.
Developing the Profiles of Business Analytics Adopters and Non-adopters Using Data Mining Tools

Despite the growing popularity of business analytics (BA) in the increasingly knowledge-based economy, many firms are still skeptical about its strategic value and thus hesitant to adopt BA. To hav...
Cross-Cultural Researchers’ Positionality in Immigrant Health Research: Reflections on Conducting Research on Chinese Immigrants’ Experiences in the United States:

While a growing body of research has examined immigrants’ health generally, less is known specifically about the impact of immigration policy on the health of Chinese immigrants, the second-largest...
Proto-oncogene activation in rodent and human tumors.

The process of cell transformation is a multistep phenomenon. Increasing evidence suggests that a small set of cellular genes appear to be targets for genetic alterations that contribute to the neoplastic transformation of cells. The development of neoplastia may, in many cases, require changes in at least two classes of cellular genes: proto-oncogenes (Bishop, 1987; Anderson and Reynolds, 1989) and tumor suppressor genes (Weinberg, 1989; Hansen and Cavenee, 1988; Barrett, 1987). For example, both the activation of ras oncogenes and the inactivation of several suppressor genes have been observed in the development of human colon tumors (Stanbridge, 1990) and human lung tumors (Tabahashi et al., 1989; Weston et al., 1989; Reynolds et al., 1989; Minna et al., 1989; Rodenhuis et al., 1988). These two examples illustrate that a cell accumulates several types of genetic alterations in its evolution to a malignant phenotype. The focus of this chapter is to discuss the activation of proto-oncogens in human and rodent tumors and the pattern of mutations in ras oncogenes detected in human and rodent tumors.
A review of tumour lysis syndrome with targeted therapies and the role of rasburicase

Summary What is known and Objective: Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency with potentially devastating consequences classically associated with cytotoxic chemotherapy. In recent years, molecularly targeted drugs have assumed an increasingly important role in cancer therapeutics. The possibility of TLS is often overlooked in this setting. Rasburicase, a recombinant urate oxidase, is remarkably effective in treating hyperuricemia, thought to be central to the pathogenesis of renal injury in TLS. Our objective is to review the literature on TLS especially as it pertains to targeted therapies and summarize current knowledge and provide future directions regarding the role of rasburicase in the management of TLS. Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted using PubMed and the keyphrase ‘tumor lysis syndrome’ to identify articles describing TLS with a broad range of novel anti-cancer agents. Meeting abstracts were also reviewed. Additionally, the biomedical literature was searched using the keyword ‘rasburicase’. Results and Discussion: Tumour lysis syndrome has been described with nearly every class of ‘targeted therapy’. This is not surprising as any drug causing death of cancer cells by any mechanism may lead to TLS in the appropriate setting. Although there is a wealth of evidence suggesting that rasburicase is extremely effective in correcting hyperuricemia, prospective trials showing that it improves hard outcomes such as acute renal failure, need for dialysis and mortality are lacking. Furthermore, much lower doses and durations of therapy than approved appear to be effective in controlling hyperuricemia, potentially leading to enormous cost savings. What is new and Conclusion: Any effective cancer therapy can lead to TLS. Physicians should consider the risk of TLS on a case-by-case basis and determine appropriate prophylaxis. The role of rasburicase continues to evolve. Randomized controlled trials evaluating clinically relevant outcomes are needed.
Sulfhydryl Groups of Sodium-Potassium Transport Adenosine Triphosphatase PROTECTION BY PHYSIOLOGICAL LIGANDS AND EXPOSURE BY PHOSPHORYLATION

Abstract Sodium-potassium transport adenosine triphosphatase was partially purified from the outer medulla of rabbit kidney. Paired, identical aliquots of the enzyme were alkylated with N-ethyl[3H]maleimide and N-ethyl[14C]maleimide in the absence and presence of physiological ligands (Na+, Mg2+, ATP, and K+) and inhibitory drugs (ouabain and oligomycin). The pairs were then combined and submitted to preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. In the absence of physiological ligands (E1 conformation), a peptide of 98,000 daltons was found to contain sulfhydryl groups protected by Na+ plus ATP. In the presence of Mg2+ (E2 conformation), sulfhydryl groups on the same peptide were protected by K+ or ouabain. In the presence of Na+, Mg2+, and ATP (phosphorylated state), additional sulfhydryl groups on the 98,000-dalton peptide were exposed to alkylation by N-ethylmaleimide. Both ouabain and oligomycin produced further increases in sulfhydryl group exposure when present during the formation of the phosphopeptide intermediate. All effects of experimental ligands on sulfhydryl group reactivity were confined to the 98,000-dalton peptide, and attempts to further separate peptides within this band by repeated electrophoresis or by hydroxylapatite chromatography were unsuccessful.
A Review of: “Information and Communication Technologies for Active Ageing: Opportunities and Challenges for the European Union”

This book is the first edition in a research series emphasizing the impact of technological advances on the aging culture. The authors address this topic from an international perspective, offering...
Adenylosuccinase Activity in Human and Rabbit Erythrocyte Lysates

Abstract Adenylosuccinase activity was demonstrated in lysates prepared from mature human and rabbit erythrocytes by investigating both reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. The conversion of adenylosuccinate to adenosine 5'-phosphate was observed spectrophotometrically. The conversion of N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-l-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate to 5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide 5'-phosphate was studied by measuring the incorporation of sodium (14C)-formate into the hypoxanthine of inosine 5'-phosphate when lysates were incubated with N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-l-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate. The presence of adenylosuccinase in the erythrocytes of both species suggests that the human erythrocyte, which cannot effect significant conversion of inosine 5'-phosphate to adenosine 5'-phosphate, lacks adenylosuccinate synthetase activity, an enzymatic capacity possessed by the rabbit erythrocyte. The data also suggest that the inability of the erythrocytes of both species to synthesize the purine ring by the de novo pathway results from the loss of one or more steps prior to the formation of N-(5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarbonyl)-l-aspartic acid 5'-phosphate.
Light Signaling Mechanism of Two Tandem Bacteriophytochromes

RpBphP2 and RpBphP3, two tandem bacteriophytochromes from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, share high sequence identity but exhibit distinct photoconversion behavior. Unlike the canonical RpBphP2, RpBphP3 photoconverts to an unusual near-red-absorbing (Pnr) state; both are required for synthesis of light-harvesting complexes under low-light conditions. Here we report the crystal structures of the photosensory core modules of RpBphP2 and RpBphP3. Despite different quaternary structures, RpBphP2 and RpBphP3 adopt nearly identical tertiary structures. The RpBphP3 structure reveals tongue-and-groove interactions at the interface between the GAF and PHY domains. A single mutation in the PRxSF motif at the GAF-PHY interface abolishes light-induced formation of the Pnr state in RpBphP3, possibly due to altered structural rigidity of the chromophore-binding pocket. Structural comparisons suggest that long-range signaling involves structural rearrangement of the helical spine at the dimer interface. These structures, together with mutational studies, provide insights into photoconversion and the long-range signaling mechanism in phytochromes.
The study of thermal cycling performance of enacpasulant material in SMD LEDs application

Evaluation platform of high efficient LED package material have been set up for studying the relationship between material properties and LED performance. PLCC 5050 SMD LEDs were used as test vehicle in this study. Three kinds of encapsulant material were encapsulated to evaluate the performance of thermal cycling test (TCT). The encapsulant materials are including a hard type silicone epoxy hybrid encapsulat, a soft type silicone epoxy hybrid encapsulat and commercial silicone encapsulant. It was found that the soft type silicone epoxy encapsulant and commercial siliocone encapsulant can pass the thermal cycling test; however, the hard one was failed. In failure analysis, delaminating between LED chip and lead frame electrode was observed through optical microscopic cross-section analysis of failed sample, which indicates the large thermal stress results in the delamination of the hard type material during the thermal cycling test. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to study the behavior of the hard type, the soft type silicone epoxy hybrid resin and the commercial silicone encapsulant from −80°C ramping to 250°C. The TCT temperature condition is within the analyzed temperature range of DMA measurement. The results show that storage modulus of the soft silicone epoxy hybrid encapsulant and commercial silipocne is lower than the hard one; furthermore, storage modulus of the soft silicone epoxy hybrid encapsulant and commercial silipocne are decreasing significantly at around 50°C, while, the hard material keeps high modulus till 150°C. From DMA study, it is supposed that the soft type silicone epoxy hybrid resin and the commercial silicone encapsulated SMD LEDs show better stress relaxation ability than the hard type encapsulation. Therefore, designing of the proper mechanical properties of encapsulant is important to meet the thermal cycling test of SMD LED package.
Sports-Related Concussion

Sports-related concussion affects athletes of all ages, yet the youngest athletes tend to be more vulnerable. Children aged 18 years and younger can be affected longer and take more time to return to cognitive baseline. Therefore, children should be managed differently than adults when returning back to sports after a concussion. The age and gender of a young athlete also should be taken into consideration when returning to athletics. This chapter discusses the epidemiology of sports-related concussion in the pediatric athlete, along with age and gender differences and sports at risk.
Chromosome-mediated iron uptake system in pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum.

We describe in this work a new iron uptake system encoded by chromosomal genes in pathogenic strains of Vibrio anguillarum. This iron uptake system differs from the plasmid-encoded anguibactin-mediated system present in certain strains of V. anguillarum in several properties. The siderophore anguibactin is not utilized as an external siderophore, and although characteristic outer membrane proteins are synthesized under iron-limiting conditions, these are not related to the plasmid-mediated outer membrane protein OM2 associated with ferric anguibactin transport. Furthermore, the siderophore produced by the plasmidless strains may be functionally related to enterobactin as demonstrated by bioassays with enterobactin-deficient mutants, although its behavior under various chemical treatments suggested major differences from that siderophore. Hybridization experiments suggested that the V. anguillarum chromosome-mediated iron uptake system is unrelated genetically to either the anguibactin or enterobactin-associated iron assimilation systems. Images
Power-by-wire aircraft secondary power systems

This paper describes the secondary power sources available on a large transport aircraft that supply power for the aircraft operating and payload systems. The benefits expected from integrating all of the engine-based hydraulic and pneumatic power sources into the electrical system are identified in qualitative terms. The estimated capacity of an all-electric secondary power system for a tri-jet and a new large transport are compared. An integration architecture of the pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical power using one type of distributed power is illustrated, Particular emphasis is given to the flight control system and the electrical power system needs to ensure integrity of power and data for critical flight control functions. The data bus and power source redundancy for flight control actuation is discussed using an integrated power and cable concept in conjunction with an intelligent power controller. The need for the industry to develop comprehensive data bus architectures that network the entire vehicle information infrastructure is discussed. >
The Economy of Winter: Phenotypic Plasticity in Behavior and Brain Structure

Mobile animals must learn the spatial distributions of resources. The cost of foraging increases dramatically for temperate-zone animals during the winter. Two strategies may be used to balance the energetic budget: reducing costs of foraging and reducing need to forage. Both strategies are correlated with changes in brain structure, specifically in the hippocampus, a forebrain structure used by birds and mammals to map spatial distributions of resources. Small mammals that reduce their need to forage, through hibernation or reduction in body size, show a specific reduction in the structure and size of the hippocampus. The costs of foraging can be also decreased by migration to better foraging conditions or by food-storing, both of which decrease the temporal heterogeneity of food resources. Both of these latter strategies are associated with increased hippocampal structure; for food-storing birds, this increase is a seasonal phenomenon. Thus not only behavior, but also learning ability and even brain str...
Who's afraid in Virginia Woolf? Clues to early sexual abuse in literature

Virginia Woolf, by self-admission, was a victim of repeated sexual abuses. At age 5 or 6 she was sexually mishandled by her older half brother, Gerald Duckworth. In her teenage years another older half brother, George Duckworth, misused her repeatedly. As a result of these abuses, Woolf suffered the special signs and symptoms of long-standing childhood psychic trauma--sexual numbing, emotional distancing, self-hypnosis, splitting, and dissociation. She also suffered some of the more ordinary signs and symptoms common to most childhood traumas--fears, perceptual repetitions, and repetitions in behavior (in this case, in writing). Interestingly, Virginia Woolf's fictional characters manifest the very same signs and symptoms Woolf manifested all of her life. The occasional reader may treat Woolf's fiction, because of these "symptoms," in much the same way that an actual childhood sex abuse victim is often treated--with boredom, disbelief, and failure to respond.
Image correspondence correction

The Wavelet Domain is explored for use in Image Correspondence Correction. Image Correspondence Correction is the alteration of one image to correspond more closely to a matching image taken at a different time and under different photometric conditions. The ability to perform such an alteration would be highly useful for applications like Surveillance, Terrain Database Collection, Exploration and Map Building. We explore the use of both global and localized features in both the Wavelet and Spatial domains for this task. Global features may be able to correct for image differences arising due to global changes, like lighting conditions. However, global features may have difficulty when dealing with locally varying conditions. We show that local features on the other hand can be more sensitive to noise than global features and propose fixes to this problem.
Training needs assessment in the travel industry

Abstract The success of the travel industry in any destination is in large measure dependent on the quality of its personnel. The objective of this study was to determine which skills are most in need of development, hence to be targeted for training. This study, which covers the entire state of Hawaii, is unique in two respects. First, it considers the entire travel industry rather than just hotels. Second, it surveys the opinions of both employees and employers so that comparisons may be drawn about the perceptions of the two groups with respect to training needs. The results are further analyzed by industry sectors. The skills that were ranked the highest by both groups were human relations, communications, and courtesy skills. Hawaiiana (knowledge of Hawaii's culture, people, and land) and computer training were ranked lowest. The studies revealed considerable agreement between employees and employers on their perceived training needs, except in the areas of computer skills, salesmanship, and operations.
Melting temperature of nickel by a pulse heating technique

The melting temperature of 99.98+ % pure nickel was measured by means of a subsecond duration pulse heating technique. The results, based on IPTS-68, yield a value of 1729 K for the melting temperature with an estimated maximum uncertainty of ±4 K.
Luminescence of Mn (IV) complexes

Abstract The excitation and emission spectra of MnW 5 O 6− 20 and MnMo 9 O 6− 32 groups are compared with absorption data. Emission from both the 2 E g and 4 T 2g states of the Mn (IV) ion is observed.