cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automorphism Induced Nonlocal Conservation Laws

The conservation laws of electromagnetism, and implicitly all theories built from quadratic Lagrangians, are extended to a continuum of nonlocal versions. These are associated with symmetries of a class of equal time field correlation functions and give results for both connected and disconnected branches of the general linear group of the space. It is generally assumed that manifestly covariant Lagrangians are the necessary starting point for physical theories. Here we show that the EOM derived from any of these can also follow from a broad class of nonlocal ones and each generally gives a different nonlocal Noether current. When the equations are put into a linear form and evaluated on a flat spacetime, a simple ansatz exists to give a class of conservation laws corresponding to all affine transformations of the underlying space. A general procedure is given to generate a class of nonlocal conservation laws for solutions to a very large class of nonlinear PDEs.
THE ACCIDENTAL MARXIST: ANDRE GUNDER FRANK AND THE “NEO-MARXIST” THEORY OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT, 1958–1967

Based on newly available archival records, this article examines the life and thought of Andre Gunder Frank from his years as a graduate student in development economics to the publication of his first and most influential book. A closer look at the evolution of Frank's thought provides new insight into the relationship of his brand of “neo-Marxist” development theories with both classical Marxism and modernization theory. Frank interpreted Marxist political debates according to the categories of thought of 1950s American development economics, and in doing so he both misinterpreted fundamental aspects of Marxism and simultaneously generated lively theoretical debates that remain relevant today.
Study on the Effectiveness of Exercise Intervention among Pre-diabetics in Huangpu District,Shanghai

[Objective] To evaluate the effectiveness of exercise intervention among pre-diabetics.[Methods] The study subjects were divided into intervention group(58) and control group(58) randomly according to their neighborhoods.The intervention group received a 6-month personalized exercise intervention,and the control group received the routine neighborhood follow-up visit.[Results] The fasting plasma glucose,glucose tolerance,glycosylated hemoglobin,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of the intervention group decreased to a larger extent than those of the control group through a 6-month exercise intervention,and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).[Conclusion] The exercise intervention has rendered a positive outcome on improving glucolipid metabolism among the pre-diabetics.This group of subjects need to be further attended in neighborhood.
Analysis of Infectious Diseases of Different Transmission Routes in Dongguan City from 1995 to 2004

Objective To analyze the epidemic status of infectious diseases of different transmission routes in Dongguan city,Guangdong province,and provide basis for prevention,control and treatment of the diseases.Methods The data of infectious diseases in this city in 1995～2004 were collected and analyzed.Results The total reported cases of infectious diseases in 1995～2004 were 99 804 with an average annual incidence rate of 223.62 per 100 000.The number of cases of infectious diseases which were transmitted through blood and sexual intercourse was the highest,with an average rate of 79.96 per 100 000,while the annual incidence rates of infection through intestinal,respiratory transmissions were 67.79 per 100 000 and 60.26 per 100 000,respectively.And annual incidence rate of neonatal tetanus,infectious disease transmitted by direct contact,was 9.03 per 100 000,while that of vector-borne infectious diseases was 6.45 per 100 000.Conclusion More effective control measures for prevention should be taken for infectious disease through blood,and sexual transmission.
Advance in treatment technology of refractory organic wastewater

With the rapid development of the chemical industry and its related industries,the kinds and the number of biochemical degradation-resistant organic pollutants in the wastewater is increasing. The wastewater caused enormous threat for the ecological environment,and endangered the health of human beings seriously,especially in chemical,pharmaceutical,pesticide,paper and metallurgy industries and so on. The conventional treatment technologies for wastewater such as physical treatment,chemical treatment and biological treatment methods can not meet the increasingly environmental requirements due to the economy and technologies. Therefore,exploring efficient and economical methods to deal with organic pollutants with highly toxicity and biochemical degradation-resistant becomes an important subject in the field of environmental protection. In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods and processes and the research status were summarized. On the basis of strengthening the research and development of single technology,the new technologies coupled by various treatment techniques were proposed,such as the combination of light-Fenton oxidation treatment process,anaerobic and aerobic combination treatment technology,chemical and biological combination treatment process. The new coupling technologies overcame the shortcomings of traditional treatments of organic wastewater,and had better treatment effects. The research trends for the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater in the future were outlined.
Exposure to alkyllysophospholipids inhibits in vitro invasion of transitional cell carcinoma.

Alkyllysophospholipids (ALP) are a group of synthetic analogs of a naturally occurring 2-lyso-phosphocholine. They are directly cytotoxic to a variety of neoplastic cell lines and can modulate the activation of macrophages against tumor cells. Moreover, recent reports have demonstrated the ability of racemic l-octadecyl-2-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-0-CH3) to prevent tumor cell invasion when given in noncytotoxic concentrations. Using an in vitro model, we studied the ability of ET-18-0-CH3 to prevent transitional cell carcinoma invasion. Cytostatic activity was determined by clonal growth assay (25,000 cells per plate). Suppression of colony growth was found at concentrations greater than 4μg./ml. of ET-18-0-CH3 in rat and mouse transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cell lines and greater than 2μg./ml. in a human TCC line. Inhibition of tumor cell invasion was assessed by the effects on cell migration through Matrigel®-coated 8 μm.-pore polycarbonate filters (using 1 × 105 cells per chamber). Invasion was reduced to 50 to 70% of controls in both the mouse and rat TCC lines at the highest concentration (4.0μg./ml.). In the human TCC line, invasion was reduced to less than 30% of controls at concentrations as low as 0.5μg./ml. Motility (without invasion) of the human TCC line, as measured by cell migration through the micropore filter without the Matrigel® coating, was inhibited at the same concentration of ET-18-0-CH3 found to inhibit invasion. The anti-invasive effect seen with noncytotoxic concentrations of ALP may prove useful in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma.
Effect of intracarotid administration of ouabain in dogs.

Recent work has documented both centrally mediated vasoconstriction and, paradoxically, a withdrawal of sympathetic activity in response to cardiac glycosides. In the present study the possibility that these different neurogenic responses might be dose related was investigated by infusing ouabain (5, 10, and 20 micrograms) for 5 min into the right common carotid artery of 51 anesthetized mongrel dogs. Effects on vascular resistance in the isolated, separately perfused but innervated gracilis muscle were measured. A 5-microgram infusion of ouabain (n = 6) produced a prolonged decrease in gracilis vascular resistance (GVR) of 19.4 +/- 5.4% (SE) from 43.4 +/- 6.7 (SE) to 33.7 +/- 4.2 mmHg.ml-1.100 g muscle.min (resistance units, RU). This vasodilatory response was not present in nine additional dogs following denervation of the carotid bifurcation. A 10-microgram infusion had no significant effect on GVR (n = 5), but the 20-microgram infusion of ouabain (n = 8) caused a rapid increase in GVR from 42.1 +/- 5.0 to 47.6 +/- 5.7 RU, an increase of 14.4 +/- 5.6%, which was not influenced by denervation of the carotid bifurcation (n = 8). This vasoconstriction was transient returning toward the control levels by 20 min following the infusion. These data indicate important dose-related differences in vascular responses to ouabain that are directionally opposite and mediated by separate neurogenic mechanisms. At high doses a centrally mediated vasoconstriction dominates, whereas at low doses carotid bifurcation mediated vascular dilatation occurs.
Interval bone mineral density with long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist suppression

Twenty-six patients of mean age 37±4.8 (SD) years, who received a 6-month course of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue, were selected for study. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-photon absorptiometry before initiation and after completion of agonist therapy. Mean BMD (g/cm 2 ) by dual-photon absorptiometry at L2 to L4, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the trochanteric area did not change significantly ( P =not significant [NS]) after 6 months of GnRH analogue suppression. Mean percent (%) expected density as standardized for age, weight, and sex remained in the range of 89.3% to 94.2% ( P =NS). The interval detectable change in BMD after therapy was 0.05±0.06 g/cm 2 . These findings are reassuring with respect to the use of long-term GnRH analogue regimens to induce a hypoestrogenic state in the treatment of hormone-dependent conditions.
The dysplastic nevus. Clinical and pathologic features.

The dysplastic nevus has not only been considered to be a “marker,” but also a formal “precursor” of malignant melanoma. Therefore, these lesions are important to recognize clinically. This article presents a classification of the dysplastic nevus based upon its variable clinical presentations. It is hoped that this classification will assist the physician to recognize many of the clinical variants of this unusual melanocytic nevus and, thus, to identify patients at greater risk for the development of malignant melanoma.
Ringfixateur oder AO-Fixateur bei der Distraktionsosteogenese am Unterschenkel? — Klinische Resultate in Abhängigkeit des gewählten Therapieverfahrens

In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie wurde die Anwendung des AO-Fixateurs und des Ringfixateurs nach llizarov zur Distraktionsosteogenese am Unterschenkel vergleichend gegenubergestellt, um Vor- und Nachteile des jeweiligen Verfahrens herauszuarbeiten. Wahrend eines 6jahrigen Zeitraums wurde bei insgesamt 53 Patienten eine Distraktionsosteogenese am Unterschenkel durchgefuhrt. In 34 Fallen erfolgte die Behandlung mittels AO-Fixateur, in 19 Fallen wurde ein Ringfixateur verwendet. Der Heilungsindex nach Paley betrug 44,5 Tage fur den AO-Fixateur und 41,9 Tage fur den Ringfixateur pro cm Distrak-tionsstrecke, wobei die gefundenen Ergebnisse eine signifikante Unterschiedlichkeit aufwiesen (p<0,05; t-Test fur unverbundene Stichproben). Der AO-Fixateur fuhrt im Vergleich zum Ilizarov-Fixateur zu einer langeren knochernen Konsolidierungszeit relativ zur Distraktionszeit. Als Vorteile des unilateralen Fixateursystems konnen der hohe Tragekomfort fur den Patienten, die einfachere Bedienung wahrend der Transportphase und das bessere Handling im Falle noch anstehender Sekundareingriffe angesehen werden.
Adsorption and diffusion of atomic oxygen and sulfur at pristine and doped Ni surfaces with implications for stress corrosion cracking

Abstract A density-functional-theory modeling study of atomic oxygen/sulfur adsorption and diffusion at pristine and doped Ni(111) and (110) surfaces is presented. We find that oxygen and sulfur feature comparable adsorption energies over the same surface sites, however, the surface diffusion of sulfur is characterized by an activation barrier about one half that of oxygen. Calculations with different alloying elements at Ni surfaces show that Cr strongly enhances surface binding of both species in comparison to Al. These results in combination with previous modeling studies help explain the observed differences in selective grain boundary oxidation mechanisms of Ni-Cr and Ni-Al alloys.
Combined Effects of Antioxidants and Temperature on Survival of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and propyl gallate on survival and growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon exposure to elevated and reduced temperatures were determined. The rate of death of cells heated at 50°C was enhanced by as little as 50 ppm of BHA, 100 ppm of TBHQ and 500 ppm of propyl gallate. Sucrose afforded a protective effect against heat inactivation, but this effect was reduced substantially by 100 ppm of BHA, 200 ppm of TBRQ and 750 ppm of propyl gallate. At 4°C, antioxidants either significantly retarded or prohibited the rate of growth and, at -18°C, antioxidants enhanced the rate of death of S. cerevisiae . It is suggested that antioxidants may play a more extensive role as antimycotic agents during processing and storage of foods than previously recognized.
Diverticular Pylephlebitis and Polymicrobial Septicemia

Diverticulitis primarily affects the sigmoid colon and is often complicated by intra-abdominal abscesses and fistulas. Rarely, however, mesenteric venous thrombosis has been known to occur. Optimal management is still unclear. We report the first case of polymicrobial sepsis resulting from diverticular pylephlebitis, managed successfully with bowel rest, antibiotics, and anticoagulation.
Individualized patient decision-aid for immunosuppressive drugs in women with lupus nephritis: study protocol of a randomized, controlled trial

Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), also commonly referred to as lupus, is a rare, but sometimes, fatal disease, that primarily affects young women. Lupus nephritis, a common manifestation of lupus, is more common and more devastating in patients of minority race/ethnicity. Patients have negative views of immunosuppressive drugs for lupus nephritis due to a concern about side effects and under-appreciation of its benefit. We designed a study to assess the effectiveness of individualized, computerized patient decision-aid for immunosuppressive drugs for lupus nephritis compared to a standard pamphlet for patient decision-making. Adult women with lupus nephritis, with a current lupus nephritis flare or at risk of a future lupus nephritis flare will be randomized to individualized, computerized patient decision-aid for immunosuppressive drugs vs. standard pamphlet with information about lupus and its treatment including immunosuppressive drugs and outcomes. Patients will complete outcome assessments immediately after the intervention has been administered. Patients will be followed at 3-months with a brief survey, either in person or on the phone, and at 6-months with medical record review for exploratory outcomes. Co-primary outcomes are decisional conflict and informed choice regarding immunosuppressive drugs (combines values, knowledge and choice). Secondary outcomes include: (1) assessment of patient-physician communication by assessing audio-taped physician-patient communication after intervention administration; (2) concordance between patient’s desired and actual role in immunosuppressive drugs decision-making using the control preference scale (CPS); and (3) patient perception of physician interaction using the interpersonal process of care- short form (IPC-SF). This is one of the first studies to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention targeting minorities with lupus nephritis. This patient-centered lupus nephritis decision-aid will be available in the public domain in English and Spanish. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02319525 ; registered on November 5, 2014.
Genetics and Synthesis of Components of the Complement System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetics and synthesis of components of the complement system. Perhaps because the serum C3 concentration is sufficiently high to visualize C3 directly in gel electrophoresis, C3 was the first of the complement proteins for which genetically determined variants had been described. Variants of C3 that differ in net charge can be separated by prolonged agarose gel electrophoresis of fresh serum and visualized by simple protein staining. The most common forms of C3 designated C3S (slow) and C3F (fast) are found in different frequencies in all major racial groups. In addition, ∼20 rare allelic variants have been detected. C3 is polymorphic in nonhuman primates as well but apparently not in guinea pigs, as no C3 genetic variants have been noted in a survey of sera from a large number of individual guinea pig strains. The initial studies of C3 in mice demonstrated that the serum level was genetically determined and under hormonal control. Other methods have been used to define variants of factor B, C2, C4, and C6 in human populations and in experimental animals. Factor B variants are distinguished in human populations by electrophoretic separation in gels; the protein in gels is then detected by immunofixation with specific antiserum.
Crossing techniques and devices in femoropopliteal chronic total occlusion intervention

Chronic total occlusions (CTO) are common in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Endovascular CTO intervention remains a challenging endeavor for interventionalists, but is being increasingly considered as a plausible alternative to surgical revascularization, even for complex CTO lesions. We review common endovascular techniques using antegrade, retrograde and transcollateral approaches in femoropopliteal CTO intervention. In addition, we review the current literature on the utility, efficacy, and safety of novel crossing and re-entry devices in femoropopliteal CTO interventions.
Zinc-dust cementation of silver from alkaline cyanide solutions - analysis of Merrill-Crowe plant data

The direct recovery of precious metals from alkaline cyanide solution is frequently accomplished by the well-established Merrill-Crowe process involving zinc-dust cementation. This is particularly true for silver. Plant data from two operations are presented and analyzed in terms of intrinsic reaction features. In such Merrill-Crowe plants a plate-and-frame filter press acts as a semicontinuous fixed-bed reactor with a distribution of particle retention times. For the plants studied, 99% of the silver is recovered with a solution retention time of less than 2 min. Differences in plant operating conditions and product characteristics can be related to the nature of the surface deposit of silver which forms on the zinc particles. From laboratory experiments and plant samples it has been found that the presence of lead in the system activates a change in the silver deposit morphology to the dendritic state which affects the rate of silver deposition as well as the filter cake porosity. Finally the plate-and-frame press is considered from an engineering perspective as a semi-continuous fixed-bed reactor to describe the behavior of the system.
Amplitude Ratio: A New Metric for Milling Stability Identification

Abstract This paper describes a metric referred to as the “amplitude ratio” for evaluating the stability of milling operations via time domain simulation. The amplitude ratio is used to generate contour diagrams that identify stability behavior over a range of spindle speeds and axial depths of cut. The suitability of the amplitude ratio stability metric is evaluated through comparison to independently published results obtained using semi-analytical techniques.
Privacy law as price control

The median Internet user is concerned about digital advertisers collecting personal information. To address these fears, the European Union passed the Privacy Directive to regulate the common business practice of information collection. This paper investigates the potential effects of this regulation, finding that the law is likely to generate several unintended consequences. Economists and legal scholars acknowledge that personal data serves as the “price” for accessing many digital platforms. I extend this logic to argue that if a regulation enables consumers to stop supplying this information, while continuing to consume the site’s content, it is equivalent to a price control. Next, I discuss unintended consequences that this price control may generate: tie-in sales, investment flight, and altered exchange characteristics. Lastly, I conclude that, just as with traditional price controls, the privacy price control may be a way for government officials to enhance their popularity with the citizenry. In short, my analysis suggests that one of the most well-researched policy interests of economics—the theory of price controls—can shed light on one of economists’ newest interests: digital privacy.
Complications, symptoms, quality of life and pregnancy in cholestatic liver disease.

Cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) encompass a variety of disorders of bile formation and/or flow which generally result in progressive hepatobiliary injury and ultimately end-stage liver disease. Many patients with CLD are diagnosed between the ages of 20-50 years, a particularly productive period of life professionally, biologically and in other respects; it is not surprising, thus, that CLD is often associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and uncertainty regarding implications for and outcomes of pregnancy. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are the most prominent CLDs, both having considerable morbidity and mortality and representing major indications for liver transplantation. These disorders, as a consequence of their complications (eg ascites, hepatic osteodystrophy), associated conditions (eg inflammatory bowel disease) and symptoms (eg pruritus and fatigue), can significantly impair an array of domains of HRQOL. Here we review these impactful clinical aspects of PSC and PBC as well as the topics of fertility and pregnancy.
TCT-388 Does ST Segment Elevation in Lead aVR Correlate with Left Main Occlusion?

Prompt identification of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on ECG is critical as early reperfusion can be lifesaving. The ACCF/AHA guidelines established that ST elevation (STE) must be present in at least 2 contiguous leads to qualify for a diagnosis of STEMI. STE in aVR, co-existent with
Unconventional Clathrates with Transition Metal-Phosphorus Frameworks.

ConspectusIn this Account, we focused on a unique class of inclusion compounds, intermetallic clathrates, which exist in a variety of structures and exhibit diverse physical properties. These compounds combine covalent tetrahedral frameworks with rattling guest atoms situated inside their framework cages. Tetrels, the group 14 elements, are the basis for conventional clathrates because they fulfill the bonding requirement of four electrons per framework atom. In analogy to the replacement of Ge with GaAs in semiconductors, we focused on unconventional tetrel-free clathrates with frameworks composed of phosphorus and late transition metals. Compared to tetrels, these elements exhibit greater flexibility in their local coordinations and bonding. Tetrel elements cannot tolerate high deviations from regular tetrahedral coordinations. Thus, they exile a number of theoretically predicted framework topologies that are composed of a single type of polyhedral cage with square faces, such as the truncated octahedro...
AQUACULTURE | Physiology of Fish in Culture Environments

Successfully rearing fish in aquaculture requires a sound understanding of fish physiology, and of the effects on the physiology of the cultured fishes of key environmental parameters, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Fish culturists should strive to provide fish with conditions that approach the physiological optimum for functions such as growth for food fish and reproduction for conservation. Because of the often-conflicting goals of maximizing production versus maintaining high water quality, it is important that culturists find equilibrium points that allow for the profitable production without unduly jeopardizing the health and performance of the fish.
Sterblichkeit und medizinische Komplikationen bei Heroinsüchtigen

Als Ursache der hohen Sterblichkeitsrate bei Heroinsuchtigen wird haufig die Uberdosis angefuhrt. Weniger bekannt ist die Tatsache, das das hohere Sterblichkeitsrisiko bei Heroinsuchtigen - im Vergleich zum Sterblichkeitsrisiko bei der ubrigen Bevolkerung - auf Krankheiten zuruckzufuhren sind, die zwar mit der Heroinsucht im Zusammenhang stehen, jedoch nicht direkt durch die Droge verursacht werden. Das vorliegende Kapitel bietet einen Uberblick uber die Bestimmungsgrunde des hoheren Sterblichkeitsrisikos bei Heroinsuchtigen und behandelt die faktischen Ursachen wie Uberdosis, Suizid und Tod auf Grund medizinischer Komplikationen der Heroinsucht wie solcher, die sich auf Herz, Kreislauf, Nerven, Lymphe und andere Systeme beziehen, sowie anderer spezifischer Komplikationen im Zusammenhang mit Schwangerschaft, Geburt, Osteomyelitis, Malaria und Tetanus.
Lyme disease: a quintessential connection between ecosystems and human Health

The topic of emerging infectious diseases, including novel pathogens as well as those that have reemerged or spread into new geographic areas, is a subject of growing interest in the fields of disease ecology and public health. Many of these emerging diseases have strong ecological underpinnings because of their dependence upon arthropod vectors for transmission and zoonotic hosts as reservoirs. As a result, disease emergence is often affected by human-caused changes in climate and habitat that alter the ecologies of vector and host species, and the field of landscape ecology has the potential to make a significant contribution in the quest for new approaches to understanding and preventing these diseases. Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease that is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, vectored by the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis, and dependent upon a variety of zoonotic reservoir hosts. It is arguably the most important vector-borne disease in North America and has emerged conspicuously over the past several decades. In the United States, cases have increased from less than 1,000 per year in the early 1980s to more than 30,000 confirmed and probable cases in 2010. In his book entitled Lyme Disease, the Ecology of a Complex System, Richard Ostfeld provides an ecologist’s perspective on the phenomenon of Lyme disease. This book delivers a unique scientific narrative that highlights several ongoing scientific controversies about Lyme disease ecology and is grounded in the author’s own extensive research on this topic. The book starts with a brief introduction to the history of Lyme disease and the public health controversies that surround this insidious ailment. The next several chapters are then devoted to exploring and deconstructing several prevailing hypotheses about the ecological determinants of Lyme disease risk. These include the role of the white-tailed deer as a keystone host necessary for maintaining high tick densities, the importance of the white-footed mouse as the primary reservoir host species involved in Borrelia burgdorferi transmission, and the influences of weather and microhabitats on tick populations. Although there is some evidence to support each of these hypotheses, Ostfeld highlights the many contradictory results in the scientific literature which suggest that a more sophisticated framework is necessary for understanding the complex ecology of Lyme disease. In the second half of the book, Ostfeld focuses on the presentation and synthesis of the results from his own research group emphasizing the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem function for understanding the ecology of complex zoonoses such as Lyme disease. Two key themes in this section of the book are the cascading effects of mast years through ecological food webs and how the biology and behavior of M. C. Wimberly (&) Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA e-mail: michael.wimberly@sdstate.edu
Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Visuomotor Discrepancies.

This study explored whether sensitivity to visuomotor discrepancies, specifically the ability to detect and respond to loss of control over a moving object, is associated with other psychological traits and abilities. College-aged adults performed a computerized tracking task which involved keeping a cursor centered on a moving target using keyboard controls. On some trials, the cursor became unresponsive to participants’ keypresses. Participants were instructed to immediately press the space bar if they noticed a loss of control. Response times (RT) were measured. Additionally, participants completed a battery of behavioral and questionnaire-based tests with hypothesized relationships to the phenomenology of control, including measures of constructs such as locus of control, impulsiveness, need for cognition, and non-clinical schizotypy. Bivariate correlations between RTs to loss of control and high order cognitive and personality traits were not significant. However, a step-wise regression showed that better performance on the pursuit rotor task predicted faster RTs to loss of control while controlling for age, signal detection, and need for cognition. Results are discussed in relation to multifactorial models of the sense of agency.
Male dominance status regulates odor-evoked processing in the forebrain of a cichlid fish.

The ability to identify odors in the environment is crucial for survival and reproduction. However, whether olfactory processing in higher-order brain centers is influenced by an animal’s physiological condition is unknown. We used in vivo neuron and local field potential (LFP) recordings from the ventral telencephalon of dominant and subordinate male cichlids to test the hypothesis that response properties of olfactory neurons differ with social status. Dominant males had a high percentage of neurons that responded to several odor types, suggesting broad tuning or differential sensitivity when males are reproductively active and defending a territory. A greater percentage of neurons in dominant males also responded to sex- and food-related odors, while a greater percentage of neurons in subordinate males responded to complex odors collected from behaving dominant males, possibly as a mechanism to mediate social suppression and allow subordinates to identify opportunities to rise in rank. Odor-evoked LFP spectral densities, indicative of synaptic inputs, were also 2–3-fold greater in dominant males, demonstrating status-dependent differences in processing possibly linking olfactory and other neural inputs to goal-directed behaviors. For the first time we reveal social and reproductive-state plasticity in olfactory processing neurons in the vertebrate forebrain that are associated with status-specific lifestyles.
Patient Preferences of Physician Introductions In Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgery

Purpose Communication between patients and physicians is critical in reaching a diagnosis, improving compliance, and optimizing outcomes and patient satisfaction. The doctor–patient relationship begins when a physician introduces himself or herself to a patient; however, no optimal method has been reported on how best to perform an introduction in hand surgery. Methods We enrolled 254 consecutive patients presenting for initial outpatient consultation with a board-certified hand and upper-extremity surgeon at a level 1 urban academic medical center. A brief questionnaire was administered assessing patients’ preference toward how the hand surgeon should introduce himself or herself in the initial patient encounter. Preferences were quantified in the context of demographic characteristics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, education level, and type of presenting injury (eg, urgent or nonurgent). Results Among all respondents, patients meeting the hand surgeon for the first time in an outpatient clinic setting most preferred the construct “Hello, my name is Dr Appleseed,” in which “Appleseed” is the physician’s last name (n = 156, 61%), followed by first–last (n = 54; 21%), no preference (n = 28; 11%), and first only (n = 16; 6%). These preferences persisted across groups irrespective of race, ethnicity, type of injury, education level, and sex, and when assessing shared demographic variables with the treating physician. Among generational cohorts stratified by age, only patients born before 1943 differed in the preferred greeting construct; they selected first and last name as the desired option (33%). Conclusions Results revealed that patients preferred hand surgeons to introduce themselves as “Hello, my name is Dr Appleseed,” in which “Appleseed” corresponds to the treating physician’s last name. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education level did not influence the choice of preferred greeting. Physicians should consider introducing themselves in this fashion to optimize the initial stages of the doctor–patient relationship. Type of study/level of evidence Economic/Decision Analysis IV.
General Workup Prior to the Treatment Phase of Oral Cancer

The workup consists of taking a thorough history and physical examination and assessing the nutritional status and functional status in addition to conducting a dental evaluation, multiple imaging modalities at the primary site and at distant sites, and biopsy of the lesion. A thorough and preoperative medical, anesthetic, and surgical assessment is to be undertaken to identify pathophysiology and determine perioperative risk stratification, anesthetic management, medical management, surgical management, and medical optimization. Based on these assessments, the oncology team would determine if the patient is healthy enough to withstand treatment, and the decision is based on the interplay of existing comorbidities, patient age, functional status, performance status, and frailty. The eventual goal is to integrate all of this information and to clinically stage the patient and develop a treatment plan consistent with the patient’s treatment goals and tolerance for any side effects of treatment.
Idle Tone Detection in Biomedical Signals Using Time-Frequency Techniques

Sigma Delta based biomedical acquisition systems are popular amongst the possible hardware architectures developed for this purpose. It allows for the creation of high-resolution low power and cost-effective universal systems, where oversampling is used with the advantage of the associated simplified anti-alias filter design. However, spurious idle tone generation is commonly present, whose location in frequency and amplitude are not predictable. Despite their amplitude being typically low, in some applications it may tamper with the signal processing parameters. In the ECG, EMG and EEG processing, idle tones may degrade frequency energy content. Given the non-stationary nature of biomedical signals, time-frequency analysis is the adequate tool for idle tone detection due to its dual representation which includes time localization. The spectrogram along with other quadratic time-frequency representations (QTFR) are applied for idle tone analysis where QTFR’s show to have appealing frequency resolution capabilities under low cross terms amplitude conditions.
Plane-Aided Visual-Inertial Odometry for 6-DOF Pose Estimation of a Robotic Navigation Aid

The classic visual-inertial odometry (VIO) method estimates the 6-DOF pose of a moving camera by fusing the camera's ego-motion estimated by visual odometry (VO) and the motion measured by an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The VIO attempts to updates the estimates of the IMU's biases at each step by using the VO's output to improve the accuracy of IMU measurement. This approach works only if an accurate VO output can be identified and used. However, there is no reliable method that can be used to perform an online evaluation of the accuracy of the VO. In this paper, a new VIO method is introduced for pose estimation of a robotic navigation aid (RNA) that uses a 3D time-of-flight camera for assistive navigation. The method, called plane-aided visual-inertial odometry (PAVIO), extracts planes from the 3D point cloud of the current camera view and track them onto the next camera view by using the IMU's measurement. The covariance matrix of each tracked plane's parameters is computed and used to perform a plane consistent check based on a chi-square test to evaluate the accuracy of VO's output. PAVIO accepts a VO output only if it is accurate. The accepted VO outputs, the information of the extracted planes, and the IMU's measurements over time are used to create a factor graph. By optimizing the graph, the method improves the accuracy in estimating the IMU bias and reduces the camera's pose error. Experimental results with the RNA validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. PAVIO can be used to estimate the 6-DOF pose for any 3D-camera-based visual-inertial navigation system.
Estrogen Versus FSH Effects on Bone Metabolism: Evidence From Interventional Human Studies

Provocative mouse studies and observational human data have generated considerable enthusiasm for modulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action in humans to prevent bone loss and, in addition, to treat obesity. This perspective summarizes the strengths and potential weaknesses of the mouse studies examining the skeletal phenotype of FSHβ or FSH receptor null mice, as well as more recent studies using FSH neutralizing antibodies. Although human observational studies do demonstrate correlation of serum FSH levels with postmenopausal bone loss, these studies cannot distinguish whether serum FSH is simply a better biomarker than estradiol or causally related to the bone loss. Establishing causality requires direct interventional studies either suppressing or infusing FSH in humans and to date, such studies have uniformly failed to demonstrate an effect of FSH on bone turnover independent of changes in sex steroid levels. In addition, suppression of FSH is unable to prevent increases in body fat following the induction of sex steroid deficiency, at least in men. Thus, although the preclinical mouse and human observational data are intriguing, there is currently no direct evidence from interventional studies that FSH regulates bone or fat metabolism in vivo in humans.
'Anti-blackness is no glitch': the need for critical conversations within computer science education

The conversation around and application of computer science often reinforces neoliberal ideals of what pathways students should take. Computer science education is said to be the great equalizer for marginalized youth. We grapple with how this can never be true in an educational system grounded in anti-Blackness.
Adding value to imaging services: a survey of patient and referring physician preferences for direct radiologic reporting of results.

Abstract Purpose To identify preferences of patients and referring physicians for direct patient communication and notification of radiologic study results. Methods An anonymous survey was conducted of patients undergoing outpatient radiologic imaging studies and their referring physicians. The voluntary surveys elicited responses regarding preferences on a 5-point Likert scale (Strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and strongly agree), as well as indicated by responding yes or no to specific questions. Results 368 patients completed the survey. 81.5% of patient responders preferred all results communicated from the radiologist within the same day. 65.9% of patients preferred same day results if normal vs 65.8% if abnormal. 34.5% preferred to wait and review normal results with the referring physician. 41.5% preferred to wait and review abnormal results with the referring physician. It was found that patients were more likely to strongly agree with waiting to review results with the referring physician if the results were abnormal, as opposed to normal (18.5% vs 11.9%, respectively; P Conclusions 58–82% of patients preferred same day radiologist communication of their results while 55–87.6% of physicians did not prefer same day radiologist communication of results directly with their patients. 66.4% of patients surveyed indicated that waiting for imaging results gives them anxiety.
Staying alone together

This poem highlights reflections of various aspects of health (physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, relational) as we endure a dual pandemic while juggling multiple roles As we work toward justice and healing, the old adage reminding us of the "we" in wellness resounds This emphasis, akin to family systems principles and practice, grounds us with the resilience and collaborative spirit necessary to turn this crisis into an opportunity (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Stress and Depressive Symptoms Are Not Associated with Overall Diet Quality, But Are Associated with Aspects of Diet Quality in Pregnant Women in South Carolina.

Abstract Background Poor mental health may hinder diet quality in pregnancy. Objective This study 1) examined whether stress and depressive symptoms are associated with diet quality (via Healthy Eating Index [HEI] 2015 total scores and dietary intake of food groups/nutrients that align with HEI-2015 components) and 2) tested race as a moderator in the relationship between mental health and diet quality. Design This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial collected January 2015 through January 2019 in Columbia, South Carolina. Trained staff administered demographic and psychosocial questionnaires and conducted anthropometric measures. Participants completed two 24-hour dietary recalls, which were self-administered (one on-site, one at home). Participants The Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum study was a randomized controlled trial targeting excessive gestational weight gain among pregnant women with overweight/obesity (N = 228). Main outcome measures The HEI-2015 total scores and food groups/nutrients that align with HEI-2015 were calculated. Statistical analyses performed Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between mental health and HEI-2015 total scores and dietary intake of food groups or nutrients that align with HEI-2015 components. Multiplicative interaction terms of stress or depressive symptoms with race were used to determine moderation. Results Participants’ diet quality was suboptimal (M = 52.0 ± 11.7; range, 27–85). Stress was negatively associated with HEI-2015 total scores (crude but not adjusted model). Stress scores were positively associated with consumption of dairy, refined grains, and added sugars and negatively associated with total protein foods. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with consumption of dairy, refined grains, and saturated fats. Race was not a moderator. Conclusions Diet quality was poor overall, but stress and depressive symptoms were not associated with HEI-2015 total scores in adjusted models. Excluding dairy, stress and depressive symptoms were associated with the consumption of food groups or nutrients related to worse diet quality. These relationships should be examined longitudinally to help establish causality and inform future interventions.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Wastewater Reuses

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, by means of a case study of water reuse, the usefulness of applying Kazanowski's cost-effectiveness approach to civil engineering systems. This method facilitates evaluating and comparing alternative systems designed to reach a given goal. The case study is concerned with two concurrent problems that are commonly facing metropolitan areas: securing an adequate water supply and disposing of the sewage effluent. Several distinct alternative systems to deal with these problems are identified, such as exchange for irrigation water, or tertiary treatment and recycling. For each alternative system, the economic analysis, the environmental impact upon implementation, and the horizontal and vertical externalities are evaluated and presented in tabular form. The result of a sensitivity analysis performed on major system variables is given.
Clinical outcomes in elderly patients with human papillomavirus-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy.

Background The benefit of combined chemoradiation in elderly patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) must be balanced with the potential for higher toxicity rates. We performed a retrospective review of our institutional experience. Methods Patients 70 years or older with p16-positive oropharyngeal SCC treated with definitive chemoradiation from 2005 to 2013 were evaluated. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional failure–free survival were calculated. Results Twenty-one eligible patients had a follow-up of 22.4 months. Estimated 5-year OS, DFS, and locoregional failure–free survival were 76.0%, 40%, and 95%, respectively. There was 1 death from acute toxicity, and 50% had unplanned hospitalizations. Sixty percent had late toxicity, and 6-month feeding tube dependence was 25%. Conclusion Elderly patients with HPV-positive locally advanced SCC of the oropharynx treated with definitive chemoradiation had good OS but high rates of acute and long-term toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Suppression of Endogenous IL-10 Gene Expression in Dendritic Cells Enhances Antigen Presentation for Specific Th1 Induction: Potential for Cellular Vaccine Development

A new paradigm for designing vaccines against certain microbial pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, is based on the induction of local mucosal Th1 response. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts negative immunoregulatory influence on Th1 response. This study investigated whether biochemical modulation of endogenous IL-10 expression at the level of APCs is a practical strategy for enhancing the specific Th1 response against pathogens controlled by Th1 immunity. The results revealed that the high resistance of genetically engineered IL-10-/- (IL-10KO) mice to genital chlamydial infection is a function of the predilection of their APCs to rapidly and preferentially activate a high Th1 response. Thus, in microbiological analysis, IL-10KO mice suffered a shorter duration of infection, less microbial burden, and limited ascending infection than immunocompetent wild-type mice. Also, IL-10KO were resistant to reinfection after 8 wk of the primary infection. Cellular and molecular immunologic evaluation indicated that IL-10KO mice induced greater frequency of chlamydial-specific Th1 response following C. trachomatis infection. Moreover, IL-10KO APCs or antisense IL-10 oligonucleotide-treated wild-type APCs were potent activators of Th1 response from naive or immune T cells. Furthermore, both Ag-pulsed dendritic cells from IL-10KO mice and IL-10 antisense-treated dendritic cells from wild-type mice were efficient cellular vaccines in adoptive immunotherapeutic vaccination against genital chlamydial infection. These findings may furnish a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for boosting the Th1 response against T cell-controlled pathogens and tumors, using IL-10-deficient APCs as vaccine delivery agents.