cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Winning with the Internet of Things—Summary of Survey Findings

In 2016, the MIT Sloan Center for Information Systems Research (CISR) investigated how companies are generating business value with the Internet of Things (IoT). In the first phase of this research (Q1–2 2016), we interviewed executives at ten large companies across nine industries to understand their IoT journeys to date. In the second phase (Q3–4 2016), we surveyed 227 executives who led, managed, sponsored, or championed an IoT project. This report summarizes research results and offers recommendations on how companies can generate business value from IoT projects. Key findings from the research highlight that articulating a desired outcome and coordinating capabilities associated with success for that outcome lead to maximized financial returns from the effort.
Claims of Equity and Expertise: Feminist Interventions in the Design of DIY Communities and Cultures

Using both interviews and participant observations, this article examines feminist design initiatives in hacker and maker cultures, unpacking their possible contribution to a world of more equitabl...
Carbon mass balance, isotopic tracers of biogenic methane, and the role of acetate in coal beds: Powder River Basin (USA)

Abstract A multi-isotope (C, H, O) investigation of biogenic gas (δ13C−CH4, δ13C−CO2, δD−CH4) and coal bed waters (δD, δ18O, δ13C-DIC, δ13C-acetate) was conducted along a ∼25-km basinward sampling transect in the Powder River Basin (PRB) in Wyoming and Montana (USA) to address inconsistencies among isotope fingerprinting techniques and to apply mass balance isotope modeling to biogenic coalbed methane (CBM). Results include the first published compound-specific δ13C-acetate values from a natural biogenic CBM system, providing new constraints on acetate’s role in biogenic CH4 generation. Coal bed water chemistry is anoxic and dominated by Na+ and HCO3−, with high alkalinity concentrations (14.8–33.0 meq/L). The deep basin interior environment contains sulfate-free, Na+−HCO3−-dominated waters exhibiting signs of methanogenesis. CH4 and CO2 generally become 13C-enriched from the shallow basin edge to the deep basin interior (δ13C−CH4 −78.2 to −56.2‰ and δ13C−CO2 -24.7 to 4.7‰). Also, compound-specific δ13C-acetate is more positive in the basin interior compared to the basin edge setting (range −34.3 to −15.1‰). Using a steady-state mass balance isotope model, the observed variations in δ13C-CH4 and δ13C-CO2 can be explained in terms of the favorability of methanogenesis (fCH4) relative to heterotrophic bacterially-mediated non-methanogenic pathways, such as bacterial sulfate reduction, which compete with methanogenesis for substrates. At the basin interior, fCH4 exceeds 0.4, approaching its inferred limiting value hypothesized from the oxidation state of low-molecular weight compounds detected in PRB formation waters. Therefore, methanogenesis is likely a dominant biogeochemical pathway consuming substrates in the deeper coal beds. The basinward shift toward 13C-enriched acetate broadly indicates linkage between acetate, CH4, and CO2, and likely records acetate synthesis effects modified by methanogenic fractionation. These results suggest that acetate plays a role in methanogenesis in PRB coal beds (not necessarily a dominant role), while other C isotope and microbial evidence suggests that hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is also a significant methane-producing pathway. The results of this study broadly suggest multiple viable methanogenic pathways and C cycling that affects acetate, a more complex view of coal bed geochemistry than implied by traditional C and H isotope fingerprinting of accumulated products (CH4, CO2) and coexisting water.
QoE-driven Anomaly Detection in Self-Organizing Mobile Networks using Machine Learning

Current procedures for anomaly detection in self-organizing mobile communication networks use network-centric approaches to identify dysfunctional serving nodes. In this paper, a user-centric approach and a novel methodology for anomaly detection is proposed, where the Quality of Experience (QoE) metric is used to evaluate the end-user experience. The system model demonstrates how dysfunctional serving eNodeBs are successfully detected by implementing a parametric QoE model using machine learning for prediction of user QoE in a network scenario created by the ns-3 network simulator. This approach can play a vital role in the future ultra-dense and green mobile communication networks that are expected to be both self- organizing and self-healing.
Casualties of a Pandemic: Truth, Trust and Transparency

Government agencies are hiding civic information from the public, citing the COVID-19 pandemic, at a time when they should be more transparent, not less.
Classification of the urinary metabolome using machine learning and potential applications to diagnosing interstitial cystitis.

With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in biostatistical analysis and modeling, machine learning can potentially be applied into developing diagnostic models for interstitial cystitis (IC). In the current clinical setting, urologists are dependent on cystoscopy and questionnaire-based decisions to diagnose IC. This is a result of a lack of objective diagnostic molecular biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning-based method for diagnosing IC and assess its performance using metabolomics profiles obtained from a prior study. To develop the machine learning algorithm, two classification methods, support vector machine (SVM) and logistic regression (LR), set at various parameters, were applied to 43 IC patients and 16 healthy controls. There were 3 measures used in this study, accuracy, precision (positive predictive value), and recall (sensitivity). Individual precision and recall (PR) curves were drafted. Since the sample size was relatively small, complicated deep learning could not be done. We achieved a 76%–86% accuracy with leave-one-out cross validation depending on the method and parameters set. The highest accuracy achieved was 86.4% using SVM with a polynomial kernel degree set to 5, but a larger area under the curve (AUC) from the PR curve was achieved using LR with a l1-norm regularizer. The AUC was greater than 0.9 in its ability to discriminate IC patients from controls, suggesting that the algorithm works well in identifying IC, even when there is a class distribution imbalance between the IC and control samples. This finding provides further insight into utilizing previously identified urinary metabolic biomarkers in developing machine learning algorithms that can be applied in the clinical setting.
Ecclesiology in Extremis

In his 1966 book The Church Inside Out, J. C. Hoekendijk noted that various churches allow intercommunion in what are considered abnormal situations. The traditional language that applied to such practices was for situations considered to be “in extreme.” (in extremis). Roman Catholic theology traditionally applied the notion of in extremis to situations near death where one had passed a point of no return, but Hoekendijk noted that the concept was also applied to missionary contexts and to times of social crisis. Hoekendijk went on to argue that the current social context was such a situation of in extremis that called for us to engage in ecclesiastical actions otherwise considered irregular. Following Hoekendijk’s own arguments elsewhere in the book, however, I argue that it is not the times we are living through that are in extremis. Rather, it is the nature of the Gospel itself to render any age or context in extremis.
Direct measurements from shut-in and other abandoned wells in the Permian Basin of Texas indicate some wells are a major source of methane emissions and produced water

Oil and gas production wells are a major anthropogenic source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) in the United States. Oil and gas production rates from these wells fluctuate due to changes in demand, and is expected to decline over the coming decades to centuries due to the transition to renewable energy. The CH4 emissions profile from wells that are "shut-in" to accommodate changes in demand has not been previously measured, and thus it is unclear whether reduced demand will actually result in reduced CH4 emissions from oil and gas production. Here we present the results of a measurement campaign of CH4 emissions from shut-in and other non-producing oil wells in the Permian Basin, Texas, the largest oil production basin on Earth. All the wells we measured were conventionally drilled oil wells, and we did not measure CH4 emissions from any shut-in unconventional wells. We found that, of 37 wells measured, two-thirds had an emission rate of less than 1 g CH4 hr-1, with the remaining 7 wells ranging from 1.3 to 132.0 g CH4 hr-1. The average CH4 emission rate from all wells was 6.2 g CH4 hr-1, lower than previous measurements of CH4 emissions from active conventional wells in the Permian Basin (~400 g CH4 hr-1) (Robertson et al., 2020). Some shut-in wells could be a substantial source of CH4 emissions if this category is not subject to leak detection and repair regulations. We also found 5 orphaned wells that were a source of produced water to the surface, sometimes in very large quantities (1000s of liters per minute), with evidence for emissions of CH4, hydrogen sulfide, brine, and possibly other hazardous chemicals such as oil residue. Future work should further characterize the impacts of shut-in and orphaned wells on greenhouse gas emissions, water quality and human health.
Quadratic Jordan Algebras of Quadratic forms with Base Points

This Paper originated in some experimentation with algebraic structures now known as special quadratic Jordan algebras which the first named author undertook more than ten years ago. The algebras we shall consider in this paper and the related Clifford algebras appeared in this investigation, the results of which have not been published before.
Bioinspired aligned magnetic features in aerogels for humidity sensing

Abstract Many natural plant tissues, such as pinecones, utilize structures to transduce changes in humidity into movement or strain. These often employ layered structures with aligned features in order to create differential stress across the material as different portions swell at different rates. By replicating these types of structures in synthetic materials we can create structures that respond to humidity in a similar manner. Taking these aligned features as inspiration, silica aerogels with tailored humidity reactive properties were created. This behavior was achieved by creating aligned features in these aerogels using a Helmholtz coil to produce a uniform magnetic field that aligned ferrofluid droplets into chains and needle like features. These magnetite-based structures were shown to retain their superparamagnetic properties, allowing them to easily be removed from the aerogels, leaving a large number of aligned channels. Aerogels with the removed needles experienced significantly different strains than both unmodified aerogels and aerogels with the aligned features still in place. Aerogels with these tunable aligned features could be used in humidity sensors that can transduce changes in humidity into strain and could be used in applications such as volatile organic compound capture.
Abbreviated Dietary Self-monitoring for Type 2 Diabetes Management: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) can be managed through diet and lifestyle changes. The American Diabetes Association acknowledges that knowing what and when to eat is the most challenging aspect of diabetes management. Although current recommendations for self-monitoring of diet and glucose levels aim to improve glycemic stability among people with T2D, tracking all intake is burdensome and unsustainable. Thus, dietary self-monitoring approaches that are equally effective but are less burdensome should be explored. Objective: This study aims to examine the feasibility of an abbreviated dietary self-monitoring approach in patients with T2D, in which only carbohydrate-containing foods are recorded in a diet tracker. Methods: We used a mixed methods approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess general and diet-related diabetes knowledge and the acceptability of reporting only carbohydrate-containing foods in 30 men and women with T2D. Results: The mean Diabetes Knowledge Test score was 83.9% (SD 14.2%). Only 20% (6/30) of participants correctly categorized 5 commonly consumed carbohydrate-containing foods and 5 noncarbohydrate-containing foods. The mean perceived difficulty of reporting only carbohydrate-containing foods was 5.3 on a 10-point scale. Approximately half of the participants (16/30, 53%) preferred to record all foods. A lack of knowledge about carbohydrate-containing foods was the primary cited barrier to acceptability (12/30, 40%). Conclusions: Abbreviated dietary self-monitoring in which only carbohydrate-containing foods are reported is likely not feasible because of limited carbohydrate-specific knowledge and a preference of most participants to report all foods. Other approaches to reduce the burden of dietary self-monitoring for people with T2D that do not rely on food-specific knowledge could be more feasible.
Recent progress in 3D printing piezoelectric materials for biomedical applications

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has attracted significant attention for fabricating piezoelectric materials due to its high efficiency and capability to produce complex structures. Motivated by the desire to address limitations in conventional methods for fabricating piezoelectric materials, this review first introduces commonly used 3D-printing technologies to fabricate piezoelectric materials. The advantages of the technologies are evaluated. Subsequently, typical piezoelectric materials produced by 3D-printing methods are specifically discussed. The properties of the printed materials, such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties, are presented. Significant applications of 3D-printed piezoelectric materials are further explored, highlighting the potential of fabricating 3D-printed piezoelectric materials for biomedical applications. Finally, future directions and opportunities for 3D-printed piezoelectric materials are highlighted.
Metallurgical Evaluations of Depainting Processes on Aluminum Substrate

In December 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Standards Division and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) signed an Interagency Agreement (IA) initiating a task force for the technical assessment of alternative technologies for aerospace depainting operations. The United States Air Force (USAF) joined the task force in 1994. The mandates of the task force were: (1) To identify available alternative depainting systems that do not rely on methylene chloride or other ozone-depleting, chlorinated, and volatile organic carbon solvents. (2) To determine the viability, applicability, and pollution prevention potential of each identified alternative. (3) To address issues of safety, environmental impact, reliability, and maintainability. Through a Technical Implementation Committee (TIC), the task force selected and evaluated eight alternative paint stripping technologies: chemical stripping, carbon dioxide (CO2) blasting, xenon flashlamp and CO2 coatings removal (FLASHJET(R)), CO2 laser stripping, plastic media blasting (PMB), sodium bicarbonate wet stripping, high-pressure water blasting (WaterJet), and wheat starch abrasive blasting (Enviro-Strip(R)). (The CO2 blasting study was discontinued after the first depainting sequence.) This final report presents the results of the Joint EPA/NASA/USAF Interagency Depainting Study. Significant topics include: (1) Final depainting sequence data for the chemical stripping, PMB, sodium bicarbonate wet stripping, and WaterJet processes. (2) Strip rates for all eight technologies. (3) Sequential comparisons of surface roughness measurements for the seven viable depainting technologies. (4) Chronological reviews of and lessons learned in the conduct of all eight technologies. (5) An analysis of the surface roughness trends for each of the seven technologies. (6) Metallurgic evaluations of panels Summaries of corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement evaluations of chemical stripping panels, detailed descriptions of which appear in previous reports. Because the requirements for alternative systems are diverse, as are initial setup, training, and on-going operational considerations, this study does not recommend a particular product or process. Users of this study will draw their own conclusions from the data presented herein.
Iurii Vladimirovich Tomashevskii

When he died suddenly in August 1995, Iurii Tomashevskii was only beginning to be recognized for his work in preserving Mikhail Zoshchenko's literary heritage. During Zoshchenko's centennial anniversary year of 1994 alone, he published an anthology of Zoshchenko criticism (Litso i maska Mikhaila Zoshchenko [The Face and Mask of Mikhail Zoshchenko], Olimp-PPP), a five-volume Sobranie sochinenii [Collected Works] (Russlit), and numerous articles on Zoshchenko in the mass media (Krokodil, nos. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12; Rossiia, no. 30 [August 10-16]; Magazin, no. 4). He helped coordinate two international centennial conferences (one in Moscow and one in St. Petersburg), journeyed to San Diego to give a presentation on Zoshchenko at the Annual Meeting of AATSEEL, and participated in several television interviews on the life and works of Mikhail Zoshchenko. His activities on behalf of Zoshchenko had grown exponentially since the mid-eighties, when it had first become possible to write openly of Zoshchenko in th...
Determination of agglomerate strength distributions: Part 2. Application to model agglomerates

Abstract To demonstrate the validity of the ultrasonic calibration technique (described in a previous paper of this series) for determining strength distributions in real agglomerates, a series of model agglomerates were synthesized. By using ordered packings of monosize (270 nm diameter) silica spheres which had been subjected to different heat treatment levels (800, 1 000, 1 050 °C) agglomerates with narrow strength distributions and known primary particle sizes were obtained. The model agglomerates were exposed to calibrated ultrasonic forces and agglomerate strength distribution curves prepared. Samples were also uniaxially compacted to compare the results obtained via the technique developed in this work with a traditional agglomerate strength testing method.
Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in Semipreserved Meat Products

Samples of semipreserved meat products were taken, and 372 were examined for Clostridium botulinum. Five samples contained type A and one sample type B.
Photoemission study of sulfur and oxygen adsorption on GaN(0001)

Abstract The surface electronic structure of thin film n-type GaN( 0 0 0 1 ¯ ) has been studied using high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Clean surfaces, sulfur-exposed surfaces, and oxygen-exposed surfaces were investigated. Spectra were recorded for the Ga 3d shallow core states and for the valence band states. The sulfur covered surface was found to be inert with respect to subsequent oxygen exposure. For the clean Ga-adlayer terminated ( 0 0 0 1 ¯ ) surface, the Fermi level is pinned by surface states at least 1.4 eV below the bottom of the conduction band. Sulfur and oxygen covered surfaces exhibit smaller values for surface band bending, with the Fermi edge lying 0.7–1.0 eV below the conduction band minimum. Finally, we discuss a possible new interpretation for the asymmetry in the shape of Ga 3d photoemission feature.
Robustness in Geometric Modeling - Tolerance-Based Methods

Two tolerance-based methods are presented: the linear model method and the curved model method, both of which make geometric algorithms robust by testing for ambiguous situations and correcting them. The linear model method only applies to linear objects. It faithfully preserves the original meaning of the problem but may detect too many ambiguous situations and fail. The curved model method can be used for both linear and curved objects and creates fewer ambiguities, but it does not necessarily preserve all the properties of linear objects because it uses a curved model to approximate linear object. Both methods are implemented and applied for 3D Boolean operations on polyhedra.
The Neurotoxic Properties of Pesticides

Publisher Summary The use of pesticides in homes, schools, food, and water provides ample opportunity for human exposure. Organophosphates (OPs) are the most common pesticides in current use. In addition to the neurotoxicity of organochlorines, they have been shown to have effects on the endocrine system. Semen quality has been shown to be impaired by exposure to alachlor and atrazine, and the feminization of male frogs has been detected. Decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity is not the sole mechanism of OP neurotoxicity; the correlation between cholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase activities and neuronal damage is not strong. In addition to their action on AChE, OPs have been found to affect adenyl cyclase. Pyrethroids are synthetic molecules that chemically resemble the natural pesticide secreted by chrysanthemums. Although generally regarded as safe, pyrethroids are not innocuous; they both activate and inactivate gates of sodium channels, thereby resulting in prolonged opening, with membrane depolarization, repetitive discharges leading to excess nervous system stimulation, and hyperexcitatory symptoms.
Spore Load of Ascosphaera Species on Emerging Adults of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee, Megachile rotundata.

Abstract The spore load of Ascosphaera species spores on larval chalkbrood cadavers and newly emergent adults of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, was determined. The spore content of chalkbrood cadavers ranged from 3 × 106 to 5 × 108. Adults emerging through zero to nine cadavers carried spores on all body parts examined by scanning electron microscopy. Estimates of the total number of spores obtained from a series of adult washes ranged from 9 × 104 to 8 × 107. Some adult males which emerged through no cadavers carried 104 to 105 spores, indicating that nesting materials might also have been contaminated. However, the control of chalkbrood in commercial bee populations may not be accomplished simply by providing clean nesting materials as adults may still emerge through diseased larvae.
Will black carbon mitigation dampen aerosol indirect forcing

[1] If mitigation of black carbon (BC) particulate matter is accompanied by a decrease in particle number emissions, and thereby by a decrease in global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, a decrease in global cloud radiative forcing (a reverse “cloud albedo effect”) results. We consider two present-day mitigation scenarios: 50% reduction of primary black carbon/organic carbon (BC/OC) mass and number emissions from fossil fuel combustion (termed HF), and 50% reduction of primary BC/OC mass and number emissions from all primary carbonaceous sources (fossil fuel, domestic biofuel, and biomass burning) (termed HC). Radiative forcing effects of these scenarios are assessed through present-day equilibrium climate simulations. Global average top-of-the-atmosphere changes in radiative forcing for the two scenarios, relative to present day conditions, are +0.13 ± 0.33 W m^(−2) (HF) and + 0.31 ± 0.33 W m^(−2) (HC).
Extracortical cerebrospinal fluid in normal human fetuses.

A layer of cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the developing brain of normal human fetuses. The layer was found to occupy 13 to 26% of the intracranial space. Convolutions appeared in the hemispheres while this layer was still present. Neither growth of the skull nor the appearance of cortical convolutions is secondary to pressure from growth of the brain into a confined cranial space.
Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging: reproducibility of regional apparent diffusion coefficients for the normal fetal brain.

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of regional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the normal fetal brain in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods Fifty normal singleton fetuses from healthy pregnant women between 19 and 37 weeks' gestation were studied without sedation. Single-shot diffusion-weighted images of the fetal brain were obtained using a 1.5-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner and a six-channel body array coil. ADC maps were created using 0 and 1000 b-values along three orthogonal directions. Two examiners independently measured ADC values in the cerebellar hemispheres (CH), pons, thalamus, basal ganglia (BG), centrum semiovale (CSO), and frontal (FWM), parietal (PWM), temporal (TWM) and occipital (OWM) white matter. Correlation between ADC values and menstrual age was assessed by linear regression analysis. The bias and agreement of ADC measurements were determined using Bland–Altman plots. Results ADC values either remained constant (BG, FWM, PWM, TWM, OWM, CSO) or decreased (CH, pons, thalamus) with advancing menstrual age. Mean intraobserver bias for ADC measurements was not significantly different from zero. Small interobserver differences in mean ADC measurements (i.e. a small mean bias) were detected for CH (1.26 ± 0.20 vs 1.20 ± 0.18 μm2/ms, P = 0.006), PWM (1.37 ± 0.29 vs 1.33 ± 0.26 μm2/ms, P = 0.02) and CSO (1.36 ± 0.29 vs 1.33 ± 0.28 μm2/ms, P < 0.0001). Measurement agreement was acceptable. Conclusions ADC measurements in normal unsedated fetuses in the second and third trimesters are reproducible except for small differences for PWM, CH and CSO between examiners.
Conserved genetic regions across angiosperms as tools to develop single‐copy nuclear markers in gymnosperms: an example using cycads

Several individuals of the Caribbean Zamia clade and other cycad genera were used to identify single-copy nuclear genes for phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies in Cycadales. Two strategies were employed to select target loci: (i) a tblastX search of Arabidopsis conserved ortholog sequence (COS) set and (ii) a tblastX search of Arabidopsis-Populus-Vitis-Oryza Shared Single-Copy genes (APVO SSC) against the EST Zamia databases in GenBank. From the first strategy, 30 loci were selected, and from the second, 16 loci. In both cases, the matching GenBank accessions of Zamia were used as a query for retrieving highly similar sequences from Cycas, Picea, Pinus species or Ginkgo biloba. After retrieving and aligning all the sequences in each locus, intron predictions were completed to assist in primer design. PCR was carried out in three rounds to detect paralogous loci. A total of 29 loci were successfully amplified as a single band of which 20 were likely single-copy loci. These loci showed different diversity and divergence levels. A preliminary screening allowed us to select 8 promising loci (40S, ATG2, BG, GroES, GTP, LiSH, PEX4 and TR) for the Zamia pumila complex and 4 loci (COS26, GroES, GTP and HTS) for all other cycad genera.
The Effect of Perinatal Exposure to Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin on the Immune Response of Young Mice

ABSTRACTThe immunocompetence of 5 week old offspring from mice fed control chow or chow containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was evaluated. The 5 ppb maternal feeding level was the only level that produced symptoms of intoxication in the offspring (i.e., facial alopecia and periorbital edema). Mice from mothers fed either 2.5 or 5 ppb of TCDD demonstrated thymus cortex atrophy and a significantly reduced spleen anti-SRBC plaque forming cell (PFC) response, but had normal serum anti-SRBC antibody levels following primary and secondary immunization. Contact sensitivity response to DNFB was significantly reduced only in offspring from mothers fed 5 ppb of TCDD. The blastogenio response of splenic T- and B-lymphocytes to concanavalin-A and E. coli lipopolysaccharide was unaffected by perinatal TCDD exposure. This correlated with the normal appearance of the T- and B-cell dependent areas of the spleens from these animals. There was no significant difference in the differential white blood cell...
Review: heparin and mechanical pumping devices reduce deep venous thrombosis after surgery for hip fracture

(2002) Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD000305. Handoll HH, Farrar MJ, McBirnie J, et al. . Heparin, low molecular weight heparin and physical methods for preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following surgery for hip fractures. . ;( . ): . (latest version 23 Jun 2002) . QUESTION: Do unfractionated heparin (UH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), or physical methods (compression stockings and calf or foot pumps) prevent deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) after surgery for hip fracture in elderly patients? Studies were identified by searching Medline (1966 to March 2002), CINAHL (1982 to February 2002), EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1980 to March 2002), Current Contents (1993 Week 26 to 2002 Week 12), and the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group specialised register (to March 2002); reviewing reference lists of identified trials and review articles; and contacting colleagues, trialists, and manufacturers. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in languages other than English were also included. Randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials were included if they evaluated interventions to reduce DVT and PE in patients having surgery for proximal femoral fracture. Interventions included injectable anticoagulants (UH …
Detection of consistently task-related activations in fMRI data with hybrid independent component analysis.

fMRI data are commonly analyzed by testing the time course from each voxel against specific hypothesized waveforms, despite the fact that many components of fMRI signals are difficult to specify explicitly. In contrast, purely data-driven techniques, by focusing on the intrinsic structure of the data, lack a direct means to test hypotheses of interest to the examiner. Between these two extremes, there is a role for hybrid methods that use powerful data-driven techniques to fully characterize the data, but also use some a priori hypotheses to guide the analysis. Here we describe such a hybrid technique, HYBICA, which uses the initial characterization of the fMRI data from Independent Component Analysis and allows the experimenter to sequentially combine assumed task-related components so that one can gracefully navigate from a fully data-derived approach to a fully hypothesis-driven approach. We describe the results of testing the method with two artificial and two real data sets. A metric based on the diagnostic Predicted Sum of Squares statistic was used to select the best number of spatially independent components to combine and utilize in a standard regressional framework. The proposed metric provided an objective method to determine whether a more data-driven or a more hypothesis-driven approach was appropriate, depending on the degree of mismatch between the hypothesized reference function and the features in the data. HYBICA provides a robust way to combine the data-derived independent components into a data-derived activation waveform and suitable confounds so that standard statistical analysis can be performed.
EMPIRICAL SYSTEMATICS OF $pi$N AMPLITUDES.

The structure of $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ $s$-channel helicity amplitudes as a function of momentum transfer and energy is examined in FESR (finite-energy sum rule) Regge fits, direct amplitude analysis of data, and phase-shift analyses. Information on the separated amplitudes from these various sources is found to agree. The value of helicity correlation measurements in testing the zero structure of helicity amplitudes is demonstrated. The approximation of $s$-channel helicity conservation for the ${I}_{t}=0$ amplitude above 5 GeV/c is justified from polarization data. The partial-wave and impact-parameter decompositions of the FESR Regge results are presented.
Money and biased technical progress

Abstract Empirical evidence, in recent years, suggests that real money balances is mistakenly omitted variable of production. The objective of this paper is to empirically test, within a constant elasticity of substitution production framework, the hypothesis that real balances act as an input-augmenting factor. Regression results for the Indian economy over a two decade period suggest that the bias in technical change caused by the monetization of an erstwhile barter economy was significantly labor-saving in nature. The conventional practice of treating technical change as exogenously determined by time seems, to a large extent, to be unwarranted.
Comparison of oxidant production by bovine neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Brucella abortus strain 2308.

Oxidant production by bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils was compared after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), andB. abortus opsonized with naive-autologous, reactor, or fetal bovine sera. Neutrophils responded more rapidly to all stimuli and produced up to 100-fold greater oxidant than did equal numbers of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. Macrophages and neutrophils stimulated with PMA, OZ, and reactor-opsonizedB. abortus had higher mean oxidant production than phagocytes exposed toB. abortus opsonized with autologous sera, fetal bovine serum, or nonopsonized bacteria. Stimulation of macrophages by opsonized zymosan, buffer, andB. abortus opsonized with autologous sera, reactor serum, or fetal bovine serum resulted in low levels of oxidant production that were not significantly different. Only PMA caused a significantly higher level of oxidant production by macrophages.
Abstract 579: 3, 3′-diindolylmethane enhances the effectiveness of Herceptin by upregulation ofmiR-200through down-regulation ofFoxM1in breast cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Many patients with high levels of HER2/neu experience disease progression even when treated with Herceptin as a single agent. Current Herceptin-based combination therapies involving conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to increase survival rate in only a portion of patients with high levels of HER2/neu. Furthermore, these treatments are associated with several toxicities. Thus, there is a strong need for developing new tumor selective agents that can be co-administered with Herceptin successfully, and with minimal toxicity, to treat breast cancer patients whose tumors express high levels of HER2/neu. 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), a cruciferous plant-derived and non-toxic chemopreventive agent, has been reported to selectively kill breast cancer cells without affecting normal cells and sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Herceptin alone and in combination with DIM on cell viability, apoptosis and clonogenic assays in SKBR3 (HER2/neu overexpressing) and MDA-MB-468 (HER2/neu-negative) breast cancer cell lines. We found that DIM could sensitize breast cancer cells to Herceptin by significantly reducing cell viability, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis and significant inhibition of colony formation when compared with single agent treatment. These results were also consistent with the down-regulation of Akt and NF-κB. Mechanistic investigations revealed a significant upregulation of miR-200, which resulted in the reduction of FoxM1 expression in DIM plus Herceptin-treated breast cancer cells. These results provide experimental evidence, for the first time, that DIM plus Herceptin therapy could be translated to the clinic as a therapeutic modality to improve treatment outcome of patients whose tumors express high levels of HER2/neu. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 579. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-579
Promoting elder wellness through a community-based blood pressure clinic.

As the American population ages, we can expect to find greater numbers of older adults with chronic diseases and health concerns. Therefore the implementation of community-based blood pressure clinics that promote elder wellness becomes increasingly important. This article will describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a community-focused elder wellness program in a rural community using Anderson and McFarlane's (1996) Community-as-Partner model as a theoretical framework for community health nursing practice. Evaluation results of the elder wellness program suggest that blood pressure screenings provide community health nurses (CHNs) with unique opportunities to promote wellness in older adults when provided in an atmosphere that encourages nurse-client interactions.
Verlustlose Datenkompression auf Grundlage der Burrows-Wheeler-Transformation

Die verlustfreie Datenkompression auf Grundlage der Burrows-Wheeler-Transformation ist in den letzten Jahren aufgrund Ihrer Effizienz und bemerkenswerten Eleganz auf ein groses Interesse gestosen. Selbst einfache Implementierungen erreichen Geschwindigkeiten und Kompressionsraten von bekannten kommerziellen Pr ogrammen. Die Burrows-Wheeler-Transformation basiert auf einer Permutation von Eingabedaten, durch welche Zeichen mit ahnlichem Kontext nahe beieinander angeordnet werden. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird das Verfahren der Transformation sowie der Rucktransformation erlautert und zusammen mit einer typischen Implementierung vorgestellt. ________________________________________________________________________
A Quantitative Theory of Preferences" Some Results on Transition Functions*

We investigate a general theory of combining individual preferences into collective choice. The preferences are treated quantitatively, by means of preference functions ϱ(a,b), where 0≦ϱ(a,b)≦∞ expresses the degree of preference of a to b. A transition function is a function Ω(x,y) which computes ϱ(a,c) from ϱ(a,b) and ϱ(b,c), namely ϱ(a,c)=Ω(ϱ(a,b),ϱ(b,c)). We prove that given certain (reasonable) conditions on how individual preferences are aggregated, there is only one transition function that satisfies these conditions, namely the function Ω(x,y)=x·y (“multiplication of odds”). We also formulate a property of transition functions called invariance, and prove that there is no invariant transition function; this “impossibility theorem” shows limitations of the quantitative method.
Quantitation by immunoblotting of the in vivo induction and subcellular distribution of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase.

Abstract The in vivo induction of rat liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) the rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis, has been examined by immunoblotting, avidin blotting, and enzyme isolation. Three high-molecular-weight immunoreactive bands (Mr 220,000–260,000) were recognized in liver extracts by an anti-carboxylase polyclonal antiserum. Two bands, A and B, comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels with purified acetyl-CoA carboxylase, were avidin binding, and were dramatically induced following high carbohydrate refeeding. Only band A was recognized on immunoblots using a monoclonal antibody directed against acetyl-CoA carboxylase, suggesting that band B is a proteolytic fragment in which the epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody is absent. Following refeeding, approximately 57% of acetyl-CoA carboxylase mass (band A + band B) was present in the high-speed supernatant fraction, while 34 and 9% were in the high-speed (microsomal) and low-speed pellet fractions, respectively. Refeeding caused a large increase in total acetyl-CoA carboxylase mass, the magnitude of which differed in the various fractions. In the low-speed supernatant, a 20-fold increase in ACC mass was observed, while a 12-fold increase was seen in the high-speed supernatant. The fold increase in the high-speed pellet was even greater (>27-fold). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase purified by avidin-Sepharose chromatography from fasted/refed rats had an approximate 4-fold higher Vmax and a significantly lower Ka for citrate than enzyme purified from fasted animals. The results of this study indicate that the induction of hepatic ACC that occurs during high carbohydrate refeeding of the fasted rat predominantly involves increases in enzyme content in both cytosol and microsomes, but is also accompanied by an increase in enzyme specific activity.
Optogenetic dissection of amygdala functioning.

Studies of amygdala functioning have occupied a significant place in the history of understanding how the brain controls behavior and cognition. Early work on the amygdala placed this small structure as a key component in the regulation of emotion and affective behavior. Over time, our understanding of its role in brain processes has expanded, as we have uncovered amygdala influences on memory, reward behavior, and overall functioning in many other brain regions. Studies have indicated that the amygdala has widespread connections with a variety of brain structures, from the prefrontal cortex to regions of the brainstem, that explain its powerful influence on other parts of the brain and behaviors mediated by those regions. Thus, many optogenetic studies have focused on harnessing the powers of this technique to elucidate the functioning of the amygdala in relation to motivation, fear, and memory as well as to determine how the amygdala regulates activity in other structures. For example, studies using optogenetics have examined how specific circuits within amygdala nuclei regulate anxiety. Other work has provided insight into how the basolateral and central amygdala nuclei regulate memory processing underlying aversive learning. Many experiments have taken advantage of optogenetics’ ability to target either genetically distinct subpopulations of neurons or the specific projections from the amygdala to other brain regions. Findings from such studies have provided evidence that particular patterns of activity in basolateral amygdala (BLA) glutamatergic neurons are related to memory consolidation processes, while other work has indicated the critical nature of amygdala inputs to the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens (NA) in regulating behavior dependent on those downstream structures. This review will examine the recent discoveries on amygdala functioning made through experiments using optogenetics, placing these findings in the context of the major questions in the field.
Korean Immigrant Mothers’ Perspectives: The Meanings of a Korean Heritage Language School for Their Children’s American Early Schooling Experiences

This study examines what a Korean heritage language school means to Korean immigrant families and their children, considering Korean immigrant mothers’ perspectives on American early schooling. As part of an ethnographic research project on Korean-American children’s peer culture in a heritage school, seven mothers, two guardians (grandmothers), and their young children were observed and interviewed during one academic year. The analysis showed that the heritage language school functions as a social and emotional support system, a buffer for reducing the detachment from parents, and a safety net for the Korean-American children’s challenging lives. The Korean immigrant mothers also showed that they felt burdened by different cultural views of their children’s behaviors, and described how their children were often considered problematic. The social and culture barriers caused by their immigrant status profoundly influenced their reasons for sending their children to a Korean heritage language school. This study suggests that teachers’ deep understanding of culturally different perspectives on children’s behaviors, along with systematic social and emotional support, can help these children attain psychological well-being.
An analysis of the solar-activity effects in the upper atmosphere

A study of the upper-atmosphere variations induced by solar activity was made by using 29,574 densities derived from the drag of ten satellites in the interval from 1958 to 1971. In a comparison of the respective merits of the Ca II plage index and the 10.7-cm solar flux to represent the erratic (27-day) component of the variation, the latter is shown to give invariably better results. The ratio of the temperature variations to the variations of the decimetric flux is shown to vary considerably with solar activity, but little with height or with local solar time. The time lag of the atmospheric variations behind those of the decimetric flux varies from a minimum of 0.9 day at noon to 1.6 days at midnight.
A model for estimating the demand for general aviation

Abstract Despite its importance as a user of public airport and navigational facilities, there has been very little study of the determinants of the demand for general aviation. This paper first presents a method for measuring the quantity and price of general aviation services. Then estimates of the price and income elasticity of demand for general aviation services are developed, and the implications of these estimates are discussed.
Immunochemical studies of foot-and-mouth disease. VII. Characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation.

Polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 20M) was found to be an efficient precipitant of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Infected tissue culture fluids from baby hamster kidney-21 cells were clarified and polyethylene glycol added to 6% (w/v) concentration. The precipitate was collected, resuspended to 1/10 the original volume in buffer solution, and reprecipitated with 6% polyethylene glycol. The second precipitate was resuspended to 1/60 the original volume and the virus purified from these concentrates by two cycles of cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation. The purified virus was physically characterized by analytical ultracentrifugation and spectroscopy. Immunological reactivity was established by immunodiffusion, complement fixation and immunogenicity. The procedure was used with several virus types. Yields of 12–65% of the original viral material were obtained and varied with the virus type.
Rotor Stability Criteria for Multi-Stage Centrifugal Compressors

The American Petroleum Standard 617, 7th edition [1], screens new designs of centrifugal compressors using its Figure 1.2-5, which plots mean gas density versus rotor flexibility ratio. The purpose is to avoid rotor instability from causing unacceptable vibrations, typically whirling of the first-forward bending mode. The API figure is based on a plot by Fulton [2,3] of the same variables showing a number of compressors tested near the threshold of instability, thus forming an empirical basis for a Stability Map. This paper develops a method to derive a threshold line, using a set of typical industrial rotors varying in flexibility and running on tilt pad bearings. Instability requires a tangential force (normal to the bending displacement) to act on the rotor in the direction of whirl. The source of this force is taken to be the (tooth type) labyrinth seals inside the compressor. This tangential force is represented as linear function of whirl/spin scaled by gas density. This function is applied to the set of rotors to produce a threshold line. The derivation thus forms a basis for understanding the Stability Map.Copyright © 2003 by ASME