cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Drosophila minisatellite contains multiple Chi sequences

Abstract We demonstrate the existence of polymorphic DNA minisatellites in Drosophila mauritiana , a close relative of D. melanogaster . One of these sequences (minisatellite mD4.2) consists of 13 tandemly repeated monomers, 10 of which are 33 base pairs long. Each of the repeat monomers contains sequences identical or very similar to the Chi sequence (GCTGGTGG), a signal for rec BCD-dependent recombination in Escherichia coli . Sequences hybridizing to the mD4.2 minisatellite are present in at least 20–25 genomic locations and exhibit substantial variability among different populations of three Drosophila species and two populations of the house fly, Musca domestica . Interpopulational variation is a result of length differences rather than restriction site polymorphisms and genetic crosses establish that the hybridizing restriction fragment patterns have an underlying genetic basis. The presence of these sequences in the genetically well known Drosophila species allows critical examination of processes that produce and maintain the remarkable variability associated with these genomic regions.
Determinants of phosphorus mobilization during hemodialysis

Our recent work proposed a pseudo one-compartment model for describing intradialysis and postdialysis rebound kinetics of phosphorus. In this model, phosphorus is removed directly from a central distribution volume with the rate of phosphorus mobilization from a second, very large compartment proportional to the phosphorus mobilization clearance. Here, we evaluated factors of phosphorus mobilization clearance and postdialysis central distribution volume from 774 patients in the HEMO Study. Phosphorus mobilization clearance and postdialysis central distribution volume were 87 (65, 116)ml/min, median (interquartile range), and 9.4 (7.2, 12.0) liter, respectively. The phosphorus mobilization clearance was significantly higher for male patients than for female patients. Both the phosphorus mobilization clearance and the postdialysis central distribution volume were significantly associated with postdialysis body weight but negatively with the predialysis serum phosphorus concentration. The postdialysis central distribution volume was also significantly associated with age. Overall, the postdialysis central distribution volume was 13.6% of the postdialysis body weight. Thus, the phosphorus mobilization clearance during hemodialysis is higher when predialysis serum phosphorus concentration is low and higher in male patients than in female patients. The central distribution volume of phosphorus is a space approximating the extracellular fluid volume.
CEO ownership, corporate control, and bank performance

This study examines the relation between CEO ownership and bank performance. In contrast to Pi and Timme (1993), we find that, when economic measures of performance are used, the relation between ownership and the performance of commerical banks is nonlinear. Additionally, in contrast to previous studies, we find the question of whether or not the CEO also holds the title of chairman of the board has an insignificant impact on bank performance. We conclude that, in commercial banks, management entrenchment may offset the effects predicted by Jensen and Meckling's (1976) convergence-of-interest hypothesis.
Patenting Productivity and Intellectual Property Policies at Research I Universities: An Exploratory Comparative Study

In the 1980s, the US government encouraged the cooperation of industries with universities in order to bridge funding gaps and cope with global competitive markets through legislations that allow universities to start spin-off businesses and to generate profits from patents. At the turn of the century, university partnerships with the private sector have greatly increased through research grants, licensing patents, and in some cases, the formation of new firms'mainly at research universities and in the hard sciences. In response to these entrepreneurial opportunities, university administrators developed intellectual property policies to facilitate the commercialization of research. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences across IP policies among nine research universities as potential sources of influence on faculty engagement in for-profit research ventures according to existing models of faculty role performance and achievement.
“Interpersonal” Clients, Students, and Supervisees: Translating Robert Kegan

The counseling profession prides itself on its developmental focus. However, counselors, counselor educators, and supervisors have generally applied only phasic, and not stage, theories to counseling and supervision practice and have not incorporated developmental concepts into their teaching. This article continues the effort of rectifying this situation by explicating the relevance of R. Kegan's (1982, 1994) subject-object theory for counseling, supervision, and counselor education. The author reviews Kegan's (1982, 1994) interpersonal and institutional stages and applies the theory to promoting development beyond the interpersonal stage in 3 case illustrations: a counseling case, a counselor educator's experience, and a supervision challenge.
Modeling and experiments in dissolutive wetting: a review

Wetting, phase change, and reaction in high temperature systems (e.g., a liquid metal on a metal substrate) are complex phenomena that are only partially understood. These phenomena occur in joining processes, thin film processing and sintering among others. Dissolutive wetting is characterized by chemical and physical processes that span a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. While experiments are difficult to conduct, there have been a number of experimental investigations of dissolutive wetting in metal–metal systems and a short review of these studies is presented. Although limited, recently there have been studies comparing results, such as spreading rate and dissolution depth, from experiments to those from computational simulations. For dissolutive wetting in metal systems it is difficult to observe much of the spreading process experimentally. Computational models may provide better understanding of many aspects of dissolutive wetting. Models of dissolutive wetting incorporate knowledge from chemical thermodynamics, phase transformations, capillary behavior, and multi-phase transport. A number of computational models have appeared in the literature over the last 10 years. Dissolutive wetting has been studied using a broad range of approaches from molecular dynamics to continuum based models at the drop scale that include hydrodynamic transport using different levels of sophistication. We present a comprehensive review of the modeling approaches that have been used to study dissolutive wetting.
Shortened Preoperative and Postoperative Hospital Stays: Impact and Proposed Solutions on Surgical Residency Education

Less than a decade ago, when a patient entered the hospital for an operation, they were prepared, operated on, and convalescing all under the same roof. Residents were exposed to patients throughout their care. Today, the large shift of inpatient health care to the outpatient setting raises concerns on how we will adequately expose residents to the full spectrum of patient care, especially in the perioperative setting. To prepare residents for these new approaches to practice, we can devise new instructional interventions and reevaluate the organizational structure of the traditional residency. This paper outlines the causes leading to shortened perioperative stays, discusses the impact on surgical residency education, and finally proposes solutions and their implementation to maintain excellence in residency education.
Seasonal Variation in Trap-Net Catches of Bluegill in Minnesota Lakes

Abstract We assessed the seasonal variation of trap-net catches of bluegill Lepoomis macrochirus in Minnesota lakes. Size and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of bluegill declined from June through August. The highest CPUE of bluegills longer than 149 mm total length occurred when gonads were most developed. Regression models indicated day of year explained 66% of the variation in biomass per lift, 63% of the variation in CPUE of bluegills longer than 149 mm, and 40% of the variation in CPUE for all sizes of bluegill. Similar trends in temporal variation of biomass per lift and CPUE were seen in the statewide data set of Minnesota surveys. Seasonal variation should be accounted for when data on trap-net catches of bluegill are used for management decisions.
The new candidate IPV6 address size prediction

IPv4 protocol is now no more sufficient due to its limited address space where this protocol uses only 32-bit for addressing. IPv6 protocol is the next protocol which was introduced as a new protocol that provide a huge address space .In This paper we discussed the significant overhead in the IPv6 standard packet due to its 128 bits address size, so we develop three different studies in order to generate a prediction of exhibition date for several address sizes so we can suggest another size for address size in IPv6 to improve the overall performance of the internet and tolerate the overhead by reducing the address size. In the same time this size should accommodate the accelerated growth in needs for unassigned blocks of addresses for very long time.
Jejunal tube extensions via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and delayed small-bowel perforations: a case series.

In patients who cannot tolerate oral feedings or maintain adequate nutrition, supplemental enteric or intravenous nutrition must be provided. Enteric nutrition is the preferred method over total parenteral nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract is intact with functional motility and absorptive capabilities.1, 2 Enteric feeding maintains the bowel’s mucosal structure and integrity, maintains immune-secretory function, improves wound healing, and lowers infection rates and subsequent morbidity.3, 4 The first operation on the stomach, the gastrotomy, was initially performed to extract “bizarre and sundry objects” swallowed by the mentally deficient and circus performers.5 The concept of the gastrostomy followed soon thereafter as a portal of introduction, rather than extraction, and is credited to Dr. Egeberg, in 1837. A decade later, Sedillot performed the first successful gastrostomy and subsequently numerous surgeons including Stamm, Witzel, Dupage, and Janeway, improved various open operative techniques for gastrostomy creation.5, 6, 7 In 1980, the novel technique of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), or the “sutureless gastrostomy”, was introduced.8 More than 215,000 PEGs are now placed annually for adult enteral nutrition with minimal associated morbidity and thus has become the preferred method for gastrostomy at our institution.9 Distal feeding, via a jejunostomy or jejunal tube extension, is used for patients with gastroparesis, gastric outlet obstruction, abnormal anatomy after esophagectomy or gastrectomy, and for patients with significant gastroesophageal reflux at high risk for aspiration.4, 10–13 Many techniques are used for minimally invasive distal enteric feeding, predominantly with jejunal tubes maneuvered endoscopically or fluoroscopically, with varying rates of success and complications. Herein, we present our institution’s most common technique for jejunal feeding tube advancement and three cases of associated small-bowel perforations.
Effect of internal stresses on the apparent stress dependence of dislocation velocities

Abstract The effects of sinusoidal internal stresses on average dislocation velocities are examined for the power law stress dependence, v = V 1 τ e m∗ ; the exponential stress dependence, v=v2 exp (−D/τe) and the hyperbolic started that when the magnitude of the internal stresses is comparable with the applied stress, the stress dependence of the velocity becomes anomalously high. It is suggested that neither the mechanism controlling dislocation motion nor the mechanisms of yielding may be decided on the basis of stress dependence unless care is taken to account for the effective stresses which act on the dislocations. Further, it is suggested that the stress dependence of plastic flow as obtained from stress relaxation and strain rate sensitivity tests can be misleading if the internal stresses are not taken into account.
The effect of surface roughness on the transmission of microwave radiation through a planetary surface

To account for surface roughness, the transmission of microwave radiation through a planetary surface to an observer is treated by a Monte Carlo technique. Sizable effects are found near the limb of the planet, and they should be included in analyses of high-resolution observations and high-precision integrated disk observations.
Age-related shrinkage of the mamillary bodies: in vivo Mri evidence

Mamillary body (MB) is a diencephalic structure hypothesized to be involved in memory, a cognitive function that declines with age. In this study, age-related differences in the size of MB were examined in vivo using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The cross-sectional area of the MB was estimated from MR images of the brain in healthy volunteers and neurologically intact patients (age 18-78). The cross-sectional area of the tectum was used as a control region of interest. We found a significant age-related reduction in the area of the MB, but not of the tectum. No sex differences were observed in the size of either structure.
Structure of a Complex of Human Lactoferrin N-lobe with Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Provides Insight into Microbial Defense Mechanism

Human lactoferrin, a component of the innate immune system, kills a wide variety of microorganisms including the Gram positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) efficiently inhibits this bactericidal action. The crystal structure of a complex of the lactoferrin-binding domain of PspA with the N-lobe of human lactoferrin reveals direct and specific interactions between the negatively charged surface of PspA helices and the highly cationic lactoferricin moiety of lactoferrin. Binding of PspA blocks surface accessibility of this bactericidal peptide preventing it from penetrating the bacterial membrane. Results of site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro protein binding assays and isothermal titration calorimetry measurements corroborate that the specific electrostatic interactions observed in the crystal structure represent major associations between PspA and lactoferrin. The structure provides a snapshot of the protective mechanism utilized by pathogens against the host's first line of defense. PspA represents a major virulence factor and a promising vaccine candidate. Insights from the structure of the complex have implications for designing therapeutic strategies for treatment and prevention of pneumococcal diseases that remain a major public health problem worldwide.
Improved Detection and False Alarm Rejection Using FLGPR and Color Imagery in a Forward-Looking System

Forward-looking ground-penetrating radar (FLGPR) has received a significant amount of attention for use in explosivehazards detection. A drawback to FLGPR is that it results in an excessive number of false detections. This paper presents our analysis of the explosive-hazards detection system tested by the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD). The NVESD system combines an FLGPR with a visible-spectrum color camera. We present a target detection algorithm that uses a locally-adaptive detection scheme with spectrum-based features. The remaining FLGPR detections are then projected into the camera imagery and image-based features are collected. A one-class classifier is then used to reduce the number of false detections. We show that our proposed FLGPR target detection algorithm, coupled with our camera-based false alarm (FA) reduction method, is effective at reducing the number of FAs in test data collected at a US Army test facility.
Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction with development of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Role of insulin and C‐peptide

Complications associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type-1diabetes) primarily represent vascular dysfunction that has its origin in the endothelium. While many of the vascular changes are more accountable in the late stages of type-1diabetes, changes that occur in the early or initial functional stages of this disease may precipitate these later complications. The early stages of type-1diabetes are characterized by a diminished production of both insulin and C-peptide with a significant hyperglycemia. During the last decade numerous speculations and theories have been developed to try to explain the mechanisms responsible for the selective changes in vascular reactivity and/or tone and the vascular permeability changes that characterize the development of type-1diabetes. Much of this research has suggested that hyperglycemia and/or the lack of insulin may mediate the observed functional changes in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle. Recent studies suggest several possible mechanisms that might be involved in the observed decreases in vascular nitric oxide (NO) availability with the development of type-1 diabetes. In addition more recent studies have indicated a direct role for both endogenous insulin and C-peptide in the amelioration of the observed endothelial dysfunction. These results suggest a synergistic action between insulin and C-peptide that facilitates increase NO availability and may suggest new clinical treatment modalities for type-1 diabetes mellitus.
Dishevelled controls cell polarity during Xenopus gastrulation

Although cell movements are vital for establishing the normal architecture of embryos, it is unclear how these movements are regulated during development in vertebrates. Inhibition of Xenopus Dishevelled (Xdsh) function disrupts convergent extension movements of cells during gastrulation, but the mechanism of this effect is unclear, as cell fates are not affected. In Drosophila, Dishevelled controls both cell fate and cell polarity but whether Dishevelled is involved in controlling cell polarity in vertebrate embryos has not been investigated. Here we show, using time-lapse confocal microscopy, that the failure of cells lacking Xdsh function to undergo convergent extension results from defects in cell polarity. Furthermore, Xdsh mutations that inhibit convergent extension correspond to mutations in Drosophila Dishevelled that selectively perturb planar cell polarity. Finally, the localization of Xdsh at the membrane of normal dorsal mesodermal cells is consistent with Xdsh controlling cell polarity. Our results show that polarized cell behaviour is essential for convergent extension and is controlled by vertebrate Dishevelled. Thus, a vertebrate equivalent of the Drosophila planar cell polarity signalling cascade may be required for normal gastrulation.
Trace Driven Data Structure Transformations

As the complexity of scientific codes and computational hardware increases it is increasingly important to study the effects of data-structure layouts on program memory behavior. Program structure layouts affect the memory performance differently, therefore we need the capability to effectively study such transformations without the need to rewrite application codes. Trace-driven simulations are an effective and convenient mechanism to simulate program behavior at various granularities. During an application's execution, a tool known as a tracer or profiler, collects program flow data and records program instructions. The trace-file consists of tuples that associate each program instruction with program internal variables. In this paper we outline a proof-of-concept mechanism to apply data-structure transformations during trace simulation and observe effects on memory without the need to manually transform an application's code.
The determination of phenylalanine in serum by mass fragmentography.

The technique of mass fragmentography has been applied to the determination of phenylalanine in normal and phenylketonuric serum. The method is specific and capable of detection and quantitation of submicrogram quantities of phenylalanine.
The effects of age at implantation on speech intelligibility in pediatric cochlear implant users: Clinical outcomes and sensitive periods

This study assessed the effects of age at implantation on the speech intelligibility of congenitally, profoundly deaf pediatric cochlear implant users. The children received implants during the first eight years of life and were divided into subgroups based on their age at implantation. The children's tape recordings of standard sentences were digitized and played back to normal-hearing listeners who were unfamiliar with deaf speech. Intelligibility was measured as the number of words correctly identified averaged across all listeners. The data showed that earlier implantation had a positive and significant effect on the speech intelligibility of cochlear implant users. The results also suggested that a gradual decline in the ability to acquire spoken language skills may occur over time and, furthermore, cochlear implantation before the age of two years may yield significantly better speech intelligibility outcomes than later implantation.
Restricted VH Gene Usage and Generation of Antibody Diversity in Rabbit

Through the years, the rabbit has offered researchers a diverse and rich source of antibodies. At the same time, it left us with an enigma regarding the presence of genetic markers in the variable region of the heavy chain. In the process of resolving this enigma, we’ve expanded our understanding of the unique ways in which immune systems create antibody diversity. Specifically, in the rabbit we have found that there is preferential use of V H 1 in VDJ gene rearrangements and that antibody diversity occurs by gene conversion in the VH region and by somatic mutation in the D region.
Communication in Mathematics: Preparing Preservice Teachers to Include Writing in Mathematics Teaching and Learning

“Math was strictly math, from what I remember.” This is a comment about using writing in mathematics from a preservice elementary teacher enrolled in a methods course. Comments such as these concern teacher educators who wish to prepare elementary teachers to include writing in mathematics instruction. A teacher development experiment was completed to discover how to improve preservice teachers’ abilities and attitudes toward using writing in mathematics. The preservice teachers made use of a graphic organizer to facilitate writing in the college math methods class, then practiced teaching writing with the same graphic organizer and in the math classes in an elementary classroom. Reflections of the preservice teachers illustrated this was a positive practice. The preservice teachers also concluded that writing in mathematics is valuable to instruction and would include it in their teaching.
Rational choice, structural context, and increasing returns: A strategy for analytic narrative in historical sociology

This article considers one way to construct “analytic” narratives in historical sociology. The author grounds his approach in ongoing methodological debates over temporality and sequence in historical processes and the assumed trade-off between historical particularity and causal generality. He promotes narratives that exploit both the sequential/ eventful and contextual properties of analytic time, with an approach that combines and builds on two emerging developments in narrative methodology: the use of rational choice theory and the idea of “increasing returns” in path-dependent historical processes. While doing narrative in this way will not be appropriate for analyzing all historical processes, it can be a useful methodological strategy for many of the questions, events, and outcomes that interest historical sociologists. The author draws on his own research program on early equal employment law in the mid-to late 1960s to illustrate how this method can work in practice.
Surface segregation in a polycrystalline Pd70Cu30 alloy hydrogen purification membrane

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS) have been used to study the effects of various surface preparations and thermal treatments on the composition of the near-surface region (∼7 atomic layers) and the topmost atomic layer of a polycrystalline Pd 70 Cu 30 alloy. Palladium enrichment (relative to the bulk composition) is observed in the XPS-accessible near-surface region, but copper enrichment is observed in the topmost atomic layer. At temperatures above ∼800 K, where the bulk, the near-surface region and the topmost atomic layer are likely in thermodynamic equilibrium, segregation to the top layer can be described in terms of a simple thermodynamic model. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of H 2 and CO from the annealed surfaces illustrates the impact of segregation and atomic distribution in the top layer on surface chemical activity.
Very small MOSFET's for low-temperature operation

The improvements in the device characteristics of n-channel MOSFET's that occur at low temperatures are considered in this paper. The device parameters for polysilicon gate FET's with channel lengths of the order of 1 µm have been studied both experimentally and theoretically at temperatures ranging from room temperature down to liquid nitrogen temperature. Excellent agreement was found between the experimental dc device characteristics and those predicted by a two-dimensional current transport model, indicating that device behavior is well understood and predictable over this entire temperature range. A device design is presented for an enhancement mode FET with a channel length of I µm that is suitable for operation at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Niobium-nitrides derived from nitrogen splitting

The easy-to-prepare Nb(V) aryloxide complex [(ArO)2Nb(μ-Cl)Cl2]2 (OAr = 2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-tert-butylphenoxide) is a precursor to both Nb(IV), [trans-(ArO)2NbCl2(THF)2], and Nb(III), K3[(ArO)4Nb2(μ-Cl)3Cl2], molecules. The Nb(IV) and (V) complexes readily split atmospheric nitrogen at room temperature and 1 atmosphere, under reducing conditions, to produce the low-coordinate nitride dimer [(ArO)2Nb(μ-N)]2 and its radical anion, K[(ArO)2Nb(μ-N)]2.
Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the lower esophagus and pylorus in an adult.

Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the lower esophagus is a distinctly uncommon and at times unexpected finding at autopsy. Only 25 instances of esophageal involvement in adult patients and four in children have been recorded to date. The condition is usually seen in elderly men and is associated with a variety of chronic debilitating diseases. In contrast to the localized lesions in adults, muscular hypertrophy of the gastrointestinal tract in children is usually extensive. Some cases are congenital, others idiopathic and acquired. The relationship of the latter to lower esophageal spasm is discussed.
Thin Serial Step Sectioning of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Specimen May Not Be Necessary to Accurately Stage the Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the predictability of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) when pathologic processing is performed without serial step sectioning. Materials and Methods We prospectively enrolled 36 patients with T1 or T2 cN0 OSCC into this institutional review board–approved prospective cohort study, and they underwent gamma probe–guided SNB in addition to selective neck dissection. The rate of patients with negative SNB results whose neck dissection was also negative for metastasis (negative predictive value) was the primary endpoint. Results Of the 28 patients whose sentinel lymph nodes were found to be pathologically and clinically node negative by routine hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemistry, 27 were found to have no other pathologically positive nodes, corresponding to a negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that SNB performed without the use of thin serial step sectioning may accurately predict neck stage in OSCC.
Cognitive Tasks in Information Analysis: Use of Event Dwell Time to Characterize Component Activities

Technology-based enhancement of information analysis requires a detailed understanding of the cognitive tasks involved in the process. The information search and report production tasks of the information analysis process were investigated through evaluation of time-stamped workstation data gathered with custom software. Model tasks simulated the search and production activities, and a sample of actual analyst data were also evaluated. Task event durations were calculated on the basis of millisecond-level time stamps, and distributions were plotted for analysis. The data indicate that task event time shows a cyclic pattern of variation, with shorter event durations ( 10 sec) reflecting information evaluation. Application of cognitive principles to the interpretation of task event time data provides a basis for developing “cognitive signatures” of complex activities, and can facilitate the development of technology aids for information intensive tasks.
Early and Late Results After Repair of Aortopulmonary Septal Defect and Associated Anomalies in Infants < 6 Months of Age

The Richardson classification system for aortopulmonary septal defect (APSD) includes simple defects between the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk (type I), defects extending distally to include the origin of the right main pulmonary artery (type II), and anomalous origin of the right main pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta with no other aortopulmonary communication (type III). These are rare lesions that must be repaired in early infancy to avoid development of pulmonary vascular disease. Few reports have focused on patients with complex, associated lesions who underwent repair in early infancy. Between 1972 and 1995, 24 patients with Richardson type I (n = 11), II (n = 7), or III (n = 6) defects underwent repair at ages ranging from 2 to 172 days (median 34). Twelve patients had complex, associated anomalies, including interrupted or hypoplastic arch (n = 9), tetralogy of Fallot with (n = 1) or without (n = 1) pulmonary atresia, and transposition of the great arteries (n = 1). The most recent 7 patients were diagnosed by echocardiography without cardiac catheterization. There were no early or late deaths among the 12 patients with simple APSD. Four patients with complex, associated lesions died in the early postoperative period and another died 4 months after surgery. All 6 surviving patients with interrupted arch have had recurrent obstruction at the arch repair site, although reintervention for this reason has been performed in only 2 patients. Altogether, 6 early survivors have required reintervention, and all survivors are in New York Heart Association class I at follow-up ranging from 2 to 25 years. Thus, long-term survival after repair of APSD in early infancy is excellent. Late sequelae are likely to be related either to associated lesions or to obstruction at the APSD repair site. Almost all cases of APSD in young infants can be diagnosed and evaluated by echocardiography without catheterization.
Ovarian ageing, follicle depletion, and cancer: a hypothesis for the aetiology of epithelial ovarian cancer involving follicle depletion

Summary The association between ovarian cancer risk and reproductive factors has been well established, and two main theories, incessant ovulation and gonadotropin stimulation, have been proposed to explain the mechanism. Recent studies using animal models of ovarian tumorigenesis, and analysis of ovarian tissues from prophylactic oophorectomies, suggest that depletion of ovarian follicles might underlie the epidemiological findings linking reproductive history and ovarian cancer risk.
Aging Management of Reactor Coolant System Mechanical Components in Pressurized Water Reactors for License Renewal

The reactor coolant system (RCS) mechanical components in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) that require an aging management review for license renewal include the primary loop piping and associated connections to other support systems, reactor vessel, reactor vessel internals, pressurizer, steam generators, reactor coolant pumps, and all other inter-connected piping, pipe fittings, valves, and bolting. All major RCS components are located inside the reactor building. Based on the evaluation findings of recently submitted license renewal applications for pressurized water reactors, this paper presents the plant programs and/or activities proposed by the applicants to manage the effects of aging. These programs and/or activities provide reasonable assurance that the intended function(s) of these mechanical components will be maintained for the period of extended operation. The license renewal application includes identification of RCS subcomponents that are within the scope of license renewal and are vulnerable to age-related degradation when exposed to environmental and operational conditions, determination of the effects of aging on their intended safety functions, and implementation of the aging management programs and/or activities including both current and new programs. Industry-wide operating experience, including generic communication by the NRC, is part of the aging management review for the RCS components. This paper presents a number of generic issues, including the time-limited aging analyses, associated with RCS components that require further review by the staff.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Effect of Weed Pollen on Children's Hospital Admissions for Asthma During the Fall Season

The authors analyzed temporal variations in asthma hospital admissions for New Jersey children (0-14 years of age) over a 3-year period. Significant spikes in children's asthma hospital admissions occurred during late September and early October of each of the 3 years of the study. The authors report on an in-depth analysis of the fall peak periods, in an effort to determine whether there was an association between children's asthma hospital admissions and environmental variables. Hospital admission peaks occurred approximately 3 weeks after school started and before heating systems were turned on in New Jersey public schools. They also preceded the point at which schools begin to report increased absences that are due to infectious illnesses. An examination of environmental variables showed only weed pollen as a statistically significant predictor of children's asthma hospital admissions during the fall peaks (p < .001). The counseling of parents about children's exposure to pollen and possible ways to reduce such exposure should be part of the asthma management protocols for children living in high-pollen environments.
A Phase-Interpolation and Quadrature-Generation Method Using Parametric Energy Transfer in CMOS

This work focuses on generation of quadrature clocks with high phase accuracy and low noise, while reducing area and power consumption. The design objective is to make these quadrature oscillators suitable for applications in power- and area-constrained SOCs. We demonstrate in this work quadrature clock generation using parametric capacitance modulation in CMOS technology. We present a quadrature-generation method that is based on parametric energy transfer to an LC resonator. The phase-sensitive nature of parametric pumping is used to generate a signal in quadrature with an incoming clock signal. The design also provides the capability of phase interpolation about quadrature, which is useful in many applications. The detailed system implementation is demonstrated and experimentally verified through a prototype in 65 nm CMOS.
Coded-aperture technique for magnetosphere imaging: advantages and limitations

The imaging of magnetosphere in energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes is recognized as a powerful experimental tool in the study of global magnetospheric processes. Intensity of ENA fluxes is typically very low. ENA's cannot be collected and concentrated by diffracting and refracting elements as it is done in optics, and therefore an imaging system on the basis of the pinhole camera should be used. There were several suggestions to use a coded-aperture technique to enhance geometrical throughput and, consequently, sensitivity of the instruments. The coded-aperture technique is reviewed and its application to the planetary magnetosphere imaging is considered. Computer simulation demonstrates advantages and limitations of the technique and promising applications are identified.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Digital Radio Production Towards an Aesthetic

Digital audio technology, though only a decade old in broadcasting, is being so comprehensively integrated into control rooms and studios that the time for wake-up calls to critics and theorists is past. Based on eight years' observation at BBC Radio and Danmarks Radio studios, this article speculates on how the new technology of radio is shaped by the old: how the process and texture of digital radio production influences the aesthetic decisions, and political economy, of radio producers.
Constitutional Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Symptomatic HIV Disease

Abstract Purpose: To assess the severity of constitutional symptoms in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and their relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patients and Methods: Two hundred five HIV-infected patients (93% male, 26% African American, 28% Latino, 39% white, 7% other ethnicity) with diarrhea, fever, or weight loss were studied at a county hospital and a Veterans Administration hospital in southern California. Consenting subjects were administered a battery that included 11 scales measuring various aspects of health-related quality of life and detailed questions about six constitutional symptoms or symptom complexes (myalgias, exhaustion, anorexia/nausea/vomiting, night sweats, fever, and weight loss) as well as about other manifestations of HIV disease. Results: Constitutional symptoms except weight loss were all strongly related to all measures of quality of life. On 0 (worst) to 100 (best) point scales, mean scores ranged from 34 (for individuals having all five symptoms other than weight loss) to 78 (for those with none) for physical function, 43 to 79 for emotional well-being, and 36 to 73 for social function. Adjustment for helper T-lymphocyte counts, duration of illness, and demographic characteristics did not diminish these associations. Conclusion: The presence, number, and severity of constitutional symptoms in HIV disease is strongly related to health-related quality of life in symptomatic HIV-infected individuals. Identifying and treating these very common symptoms has the potential to improve quality of life in these patients.
A comparative study of intraocular pressure and gross outflow facility in the cat eye during anesthesia.

Intraocular pressure and gross facility were measured in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital, urethane, chloralose/urethane and halothane. Intraocular pressures measured in animals under urethane, chloralose/urethane and halothane anesthesia were similar (about 19 mmHg); in contrast, a lower steady-state intraocular pressure in the order of 14 mmHg was found under pentobarbital anesthesia. Gross outflow facility estimated by analysis of pressure decay curves and the constant rate infusion method was also found to depend upon the anesthetic agent used. The values for outflow facility were found to be lowest under halothane and highest under pentobarbital anesthesia. Pentobarbital was also shown to have a direct effect on outflow facility; in addition, the results suggest that pentobarbital may depress the formation of aqueous humor. Both the constant rate infusion and pressure decay curve techniques were found to be unsuitable for repeated estimations of outflow facility in the same eye since they yielded increasing values for outflow facility; in contrast, the constant pressure method was found to yield reasonably stable successive values for outflow facility. It is concluded that care should be taken in the choice of anesthetic agent for use in experiments on intraocular pressure, and the possible effects of the anesthetic agent itself should be considered in the interpretation of the results.
Plasmodium formation by a minute mutant of the true slime mold, Didymium nigripes

Abstract Division of amoebae and their differentiation into plasmodia were followed by time-lapse cinephotomicroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy. Plasmodia form in this mutant without either the fusion ot amoebae or nuclei. Direct observations and population studies suggest that uninucleate plasmodia may be able to undergo a limited number of fissions. Glucose inhibited the differentiation of amoebae to plasmodia when it was the only metabolite present in the growth medium.
Bathymetric Map of Geotechnical Corridor on U.S. Atlantic Continental Margin Southeast of Cape May: ABSTRACT

A detailed bathymetric map was compiled of a geotechnical corridor study area on the continental margin approximately 138 km southeast of Cape May, New Jersey. Corrected narrow-beam echo soundings were collected on a 1 × 2.5-km trackline grid using loran C and satellite navigation systems. The bathymetric map is presented on six sheets of approximately 71.5 × 91.0 cm, having a total map size of 143 × 273 cm. The map covers approximately 6,246 sq km and has a scale of 1:40,000 with a 10-m contour interval. The map depicts three provinces: 1. The continental shelf has a slope of less than 1° and extends to the shelf break at the 120-m contour east of Wilmington Canyon but, on the west side of Spencer Canyon and extending eastward, the shelf break occurs at the 180-m contour. 2. The slope-rise break generally occurs at the 2,100-m contour west of Spencer Canyon, whereas the major change in gradient east of Spencer Canyon occurs at the 2,200-m contour. The continental slope has an average gradient of from 6 to 8°. The rise has an average gradient of less than 0.5 to 1°. 3. Numerous valleys dissect the slope; only Spencer Canyon extends onto the shelf, whereas many valleys originate at about 300 to 500 m water depths and merge on the upper rise forming relatively few canyons that extend seaward. Axial gradients of slope valleys are variable, steep to low, less than 6°, whereas valley axial gradients on the rise are very low, commonly less than 1°. Slope morphology is strikingly different from upper rise morphology--a function of a much higher frequency of valleys with steep walls as compared to the upper rise. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1667------------
A 2.5 MeV electrostatic quadrupole DC accelerator for BNCT application

Abstract A DC electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) accelerator is capable of producing a 2.5 MeV, 100 mA proton beam for the purpose of generating epithermal neutrons for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. The ESQ accelerator has a strong transverse field for beam focusing and for suppressing secondary electrons and is therefore suitable for high current use. The ESQ physics is well understood and the remaining challenge ahead is in developing the proper power supply system.
Analytical Sensitivities of Principal Components in Time-Series Analysis of Dynamical Systems

original method for calculating the analytical sensitivities of the principal components of dynamical systems is developed. Methods for analytical sensitivity calculations are developed for both the singular-value decomposition and eigenanalysis-based approaches for principal component calculation. Sensitivities with respect to state initial conditions and system parameters are enabled by state transition matrix calculations for augmented state and parameter differential equations. A novel approach to compute principal component sensitivities with respect to transient forcing-function parameters isintroduced bytransforming nonhomogenous differential equations (forced system) into homogenous differential equations (unforced system). These new developments are applied to several example problems in dynamics analysis, with an emphasis on structural dynamics analysis. Analytical sensitivities provide the necessary derivatives for gradient-based optimization algorithms and provide an analytical framework for evaluating structural modifications based on principal components analysis.
Biosynthesis of a low molecular weight collagen by rabbit growth plate cartilage organ cultures.

Abstract Analysis of [ 14 C]-proline labeled proteins synthesized by organ cultures of rabbit growth plate cartilage slices revealed that this tissue synthesized a low molecular weight collagen in addition to Type II, 1α, 2α, and 3α collagens. This collagen appears to be a distinct molecular species on the basis of electrophoretic mobility, hydroxyproline content and cyanogen bromide peptide mapping. In subsequent studies, a non-disulfide-bonded, higher molecular weight form of the same molecule was identified.
Neurofilament protein heterotetramers as assembly intermediates.

Abstract Evidence is presented for the existence of a soluble heterotetramer containing the low and middle molecular weight neurofilament (NF) proteins, NF-L and NF-M, and one containing the low and high molecular weight proteins, NF-L and NF-H, and for their role in filament assembly. When a mixture of either pair of proteins was renatured in 2 M urea, 20 m M Tris, pH 7.2, a new band representing a complex was observed in native gel electrophoresis. No new band was observed with a mixture of NF-M and NF-H. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that treatment of the complexes with SDS caused them to dissociate into their constituent polypeptide chains. Native neurofilaments dissociated in 2 M urea into a mixture of LM and LH complexes. Titration of NF-L with NF-M indicated that complex formation was complete at an approximately equimolar ratio of the two proteins. The LM complex had a sedimentation coefficient, s, of 4.4 S, consistent with a tetrameric structure. Dialysis of a solution of the LM complex against 50 m M 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid, 0.17 M NaCl, pH 6.25, led to the formation of 10-nm filaments in good yield. These results suggest that NF protein heterooligomers are intermediates in NF assembly and disassembly.
Identifying the Driving Factors that Affect Judgments of Head-on Collisions:

Head-on collisions result in a substantial number of fatalities. They occur more frequently on rural roads than urban roads, and more frequently on straight roads than curved roads. We investigated the effects of several factors on judgments about head-on collisions. Scenes depicted self-motion on a collision course with a car in the opposing lane. The scene ended before the collision occurred. Participants predicted whether a collision would occur. Results indicated that judgments were affected by the presence or absence of a centerline that divided the road, by the speed and distance of the oncoming car, and by how long the oncoming car was presented. The pattern of results suggests that head-on collisions on rural roads may decrease when a centerline is present, and when speed limits are reduced. However, collision-warning systems may be needed to reduce head-on collisions on roads with relatively high speed limits, especially during driver-distractions. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en