cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enlightenment Moral Theory and British Conservatism

The thematic unity to the moral and political theory of the Enlightenment expresses itself as an extension of the method of the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was paradigmatic for ethical theories which followed it. Once Greek teleology and metaphysics lost their general support, ethics underwent a revolution on par with cosmology. The modern era dispensed with Aristotle’s teleological account of humanity’s natural purpose and end in happiness. For Aristotle, the final cause of man was flourishing, and virtue was “an activity which completed or perfected the individual.”1 In place of this view, the Scientific Revolution posited a mechanistic view of man as a part of nature governed by universal and abstract laws. The ethical question became how to subsume any given act under the proper law or to find the proper law which guides any given act. Thus, the paradigm was of “discrete, individual events obeying absolute, universal laws.”2 Enlightenment moral theories of several sorts have this paradigm in common: they seek to apply universal moral principles to specific acts in order to count them as good or bad. Furthermore, they isolate the act from the general character of the actor and largely from the particular morally problematic situation. Thus, a moral life did not concern the happiness of the individual reflected by his character or virtuous activity over his lifetime, but would only be the “succession of events obeying a universal law.”3
ECS Classics: The Beginnings of Gold Electroplating

Of all the elements, gold is perhaps the most coveted by humanity. It represents wealth, power, prestige, and a love of both the mortal and the divine. For this metal mankind fought wars, assassinated, tortured, crossed deserts, discovered new continents, and spent centuries trying to create it from other metals. The three reasons for the Spanish exploration are traditionally cited as for gold, God, and glory. Given the ever-increasing price of gold, the manufacture of solid gold objects is extremely expensive and in many cases, impractical due to its softness and high density. The search for a method of depositing a thin layer of gold on an object led to the development of gold gilding and later gold electroplating. Before the advent of the Renaissance and modern science, all advances in chemistry were made in the field of alchemy. The word alchemy is an unusual combination of the Arabic word “al” for “the” and the old Greek word “chemia” that refers to Egypt. Together they loosely translate as “the Egyptian Art.” In the Arabic empires, it was believed that all metals were made up of varying proportions of sulfur and mercury. Gold was viewed as the perfect combination of these two “baser” elements. 1 The greatest alchemist of the Arabs was Geber. He wrote three books on his pursuit of the philosopher’s stone. It is from these works that the word “gibberish” is derived because all three works were nonsensical. For hundreds of years, alchemists throughout Europe tried to decipher his writings, believing that he had encrypted them to protect his secrets. 1
Which Way Forward? Using simulation models and ethnography to understand changing livelihoods among Kenyan pastoralists in a “new commons”

Over the last several decades there has been a transformation of the Samburu pastoral commons to new forms of land tenure and use. Government led land adjudication in the 1970s and 1980s established new forms of land ownership including group ranches and, in some places, complete privatization of land into individual parcels. An important question is what forms of land use and social relations emerge in the wake of land adjudication, and with what consequences? Can a “new commons” arise following transformation of the traditional commons? We address these questions by examining the aftermath of privatization in a Samburu community. Through ethnographic observations and interviews, we gain insight into peoples’ understanding of land use and current norms and practices and propose two diverse visions of the future – the “pastoralist imperative” of continued extensive livestock production and “future farmers” seeking a more settled, crop and wage labour-based livelihood. Using computer simulation models of the environment and households we conduct scenario analyses tracing the effects of land use practices and choices resulting from these different perspectives on variables such as livestock wealth, household income and food requirements, and ecological resources including grasses and shrubs. Our analysis suggests that privatization has yielded a “new commons” combining elements of individual ownership with shared management. These institutional innovations enable a continuation of extensive livestock production with new livelihood strategies that include a degree of land enclosure such as cultivation and land leasing. The analysis indicates that seemingly contradictory norms and practices can co-exist on the same land allowing considerable flexibility in production of livestock and crops. However, the models also demonstrate the limits that may be reached, particularly if common access is heavily curtailed.
O-031 Endovascular Management of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations with Various Angioarchitecture Features in the Pediatric Population: Is Spetzler-Martin Grading Predictive?

Purpose We performed this study to investigate the potential predictors of long-term outcome in endovascular management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with/without surgical resection in the pediatric population. Materials and methods Consecutive pediatric patients ( Results Fifty-eight cases (m/f: 38/20; mean age [(range)±SD: 10.99 (0.5–17) ±4.09 years] presented with 29 ruptured versus 29 unruptured AVMs. Presenting symptoms included severe headaches (35.8%), occasional mild-moderate headache (22.6%), incidental finding (22.6%), seizure (9.4%), focal neurological deficits (15.1%), and loss of consciousness 20.8%), respectively. Single or multi-session endovascular embolization was performed either alone or prior to surgical resection while three cases were managed conservatively. Procedural complication and lesion recurrence were encountered in 6.9% and 5.2% of cases, respectively. Good functional outcome was achieved in 49 (84%) of cases. Angioarchitecture features of the lesions are presented in the table. No significant association was observed between SMG and final outcome (P = 0.80). Regression analysis of clinical presentation, lesion characteristics, and treatment-related variables revealed that rupture and severe onset of headache were independent predictors of poor long-term functional outcome (P = 0.006, OR:3.5). Seven out of nine cases with poor clinical outcome presented with ruptured AVMs with unfavorable preprocedural mRS score in eight of them. Conclusions In our study, size, eloquent location, and complex angioarchitecture of intracranial AVMs were not predictors of outcome while presentation and ruptured/unruptured status of the lesions were significant predictors of long-term clinical outcome in treatment strategy with endovascular approach. Disclosures A. Honarmand: None. S. Ansari: None. M. Hurley: None. P. Golnari: None. M. Potts: None. B. Jahromi: None. A. Shaibani: None.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: An overview and update of conventional and state of the art imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the preferred modality for imaging the knee to show pathology and guide patient management and treatment. The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints, and knee pain is a pervasive difficulty that can affect all age groups. Due to the diverse pathology, complex anatomy, and a myriad of injury mechanisms of the knee, the MRI knee protocol and sequences should ensure detection of both soft tissue and osseous structures in detail and with accuracy. The knowledge of knee anatomy and the normal or injured MRI appearance of these key structures are critical for precise diagnosis. Advances in MRI technology provide the imaging necessary to obtain high-resolution images to evaluate menisci, ligaments, and tendons. Furthermore, recent advances in MRI techniques allow for improved imaging in the postoperative knee and metal artifact reduction, tumor imaging, cartilage evaluation, and visualization of nerves. As treatment and operative management techniques evolve, understanding the correct application of these advancements in MRI of the knee will prove to be valuable to clinical practice. Level of Evidence: 5 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1257–1275
Coupled DNS/RANS Simulation of Fission Gas Discharge during Loss-of-Flow Accident in Generation IV Sodium Fast Reactor

The objective of this paper is to give an overview of a multiscale modeling approach to three-dimensional (3-D) two-phase transient computer simulations of the injection of a jet of gaseous fission...
Secrets and surprises of the Sun

There has been a growing awareness in the scientific community – and to some degree among the reading public – that the Sun is a marvellously variable and mysterious object about which we have only a limited understanding. The standard theoretical model of the solar interior has now been verified through helioseismology to an accuracy of 0.2% – a major triumph. However, the internal convection generates magnetic fields that drive the Sun through a variety of regular and irregular cycles of activity. The accumulated records show that the various magnetic moods of the Sun drive the Earth's climate into warm and cool phases from one century to the next by means that are not fully understood.
Wetland management strategies lead to tradeoffs in ecological structure and function

Anthropogenic legacy effects often occur as a consequence of land use change or land management and can leave behind long-lasting changes to ecosystem structure and function. This legacy is described as a memory in the form of ecological structure or ecological interactions that remains at a location from a previous condition. We examined how forested floodplain restoration strategy, based on planting intensity, influenced wetland community structure and soil chemical and physical factors after 15 years. The site was divided into 15 strips, and strips were assigned to one of five restoration treatments: plantings of acorns, 2-year-old seedlings, 5-ft bareroot trees, balled and burlapped trees, and natural seed bank regeneration. Our community composition survey revealed that plots planted with bareroot or balled and burlapped trees developed closed tree canopies with little herbaceous understory, while acorn plantings and natural colonization plots developed into dense stands of the invasive species reed canary grass (RCG; Phalaris arundinacea). Restoration strategy influenced bacterial community composition but to a lesser degree compared to the plant community response, and riverine hydrology and restoration strategy influenced wetland soil conditions. Soil ammonium concentrations and pH were similar across all wetland restoration treatments, while total organic carbon was highest in forest and RCG-dominated plots compared to mixed patches of trees and open areas. The differences in restoration strategy and associated economic investment resulted in ecological tradeoffs. The upfront investment in larger, more mature trees (i.e., bareroot, balled and burlapped) led to floodplain forested communities, while cheaper, more passive planting strategies (i.e., seedlings, seedbank, or acorns) resulted in dense stands of invasive RCG, despite the similar floodplain hydrology across all sites. Therefore, recovery of multiple ecosystem services that encompass plant and microbial-derived functions will need to include additional strategies for the recovery of plants, microbes, environment, and functions.
Surface Emitting Plasmonic Laser with Distributed Feedback

We have demonstrated the novel low-threshold surface-emitting plasmonic laser and explained its performance in terms of the distributed feedback mechanism, providing a new degree of freedom to the laser design.
ImmunomeBrowser: a tool to aggregate and visualize complex and heterogeneous epitopes in reference proteins.

Motivation Datasets that are derived from different studies (e.g. MHC ligand elution, MHC binding, B/T cell epitope screening etc.) often vary in terms of experimental approaches, sizes of peptides tested, including partial and or nested overlapping peptides and in the number of donors tested. Results We present a customized application of the Immune Epitope Database's ImmunomeBrowser tool, which can be used to effectively aggregate and visualize heterogeneous immunological data. User provided peptide sets and associated response data is mapped to a user-provided protein reference sequence. The output consists of tables and figures representing the aggregated data represented by a Response Frequency score and associated estimated confidence interval. This allows the user to visualizing regions associated with dominant responses and their boundaries. The results are presented both as a user interactive javascript based web interface and a tabular format in a selected reference sequence. Availability and implementation The 'ImmunomeBrowser' has been a longstanding feature of the IEDB (http://www.iedb.org). The present application extends the use of this tool to work with user-provided datasets, rather than the output of IEDB queries. This new server version of the ImmunomeBrowser is freely accessible at http://tools.iedb.org/immunomebrowser/.
Interest Among Primary Care Patients in Group Problem-Solving Gameplay for Mental Health

Mental health programs to improve problem-solving skills and reduce stress through social gameplay can improve psychiatric outcomes, but little is known about whether adult patients are interested in using them. Primary care patients (n = 467) completed a cross-sectional survey to assess interest in using 2 types of group programs for mental health. A significantly greater percentage (23.7%) of patients expressed interest in a gameplay-based program than in interpersonal therapy (17.6%) (P < .001). Lonely patients and younger patients were more likely to report interest in gameplay. Results suggest that diverse patient populations are interested in using gameplay programs for mental health.
Impact of photometric transformations on PRNU estimation schemes: A case study using near infrared ocular images

The principle of Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU) is often used to link a digital image with the sensor that produced it. In this regard, a number of schemes have been proposed in the literature to extract PRNU details from a given input image. In this work, we study the impact of photometric transformations applied to near-infrared ocular images, on PRNU-based iris sensor identification accuracy. The contributions of this work are as follows: (a) Firstly, we evaluate the impact of 7 different photometric transformations on 4 different PRNU-based sensor identification schemes; (b) Secondly, we develop an explanatory model based on the Jensen-Shannon divergence measure to analyze the conditions under which these PRNU estimation schemes fail on photometrically transformed images. The analysis is conducted using 9,626 ocular images pertaining to 11 different iris sensors. Experiments suggest that (a) the Enhanced Sensor Pattern Noise and Maximum Likelihood Estimation based Sensor Pattern Noise techniques are more robust to photometric transformations than other PRNU-based schemes; (b) the application of photometric transformations actually improves the performance of the Phase Sensor Pattern Noise scheme; (c) the single-scale Self Quotient Image (SQI) and Difference of Gaussians (DoG) filtering transformations adversely impact all 4 PRNU-based schemes considered in this work; and (d) the Jensen-Shannon divergence measure is able to explain the degradation in performance of PRNU-based schemes as a function of the photometrically modified images.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Eearthquake Occurrences Using a Multiresolution Approach

Catalogs of earthquake occurrences are conveniently modeled as spatial-temporal marked point processes. The widely used Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) models has proven to be extremely useful in the description and modeling of earthquake occurrence times and locations. The basic idea of ETAS models is that the conditional intensity function is composed by a long-term background component and a short-term, time-dependent clustering component, which represents the aftershock activity. Many extensions have been proposed in order to incorporate some geophysical information (e.g. orientation of fault-rupture). In this work we propose a multiresolution approach based on directional wavelet transforms for mapping the background seismicity, or to estimate the moment rate in a seismic area. The aim is to identify anisotropic spatial patterns and estimate the background earthquake rate in ETAS models. Then we apply the proposed methodology to the earthquake catalogue of Chile and discuss the effects of spatial clustering for the past earthquake events. Finally, we produce hazard maps in order to identify the areas with highest seismic risk, which are in turn critical for many purposes, including civil engineering and insurances.
The Reception of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems

It is natural to invoke geological metaphors to describe the impact and the lasting significance of Godel’s incompleteness theorems. Indeed, how better to convey the impact of those results-whose effect on Hilbert’s program was so devastating and whose philosophical reverberations have yet to subside- than to speak of tremors and shock waves? The image of shaken foundations is irresistible.
The Motion of Mesoscale Snowbands in Northeast U.S. Winter Storms

AbstractThe spatial distribution of snowfall accumulation accompanying winter storms is a product of both snowfall rate and duration. Winter storms are commonly associated with mesoscale snowbands ...
Costs and benefits of a decision: Decision-making competence in adolescents and adults

Abstract This study examines similarities and differences between adolescents' and adults' decision-making competence when asked to help peers solve three hypothetical dilemmas. Data were obtained from interviews with 223 6th-, 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students as well as young adults (X age=23.36, S.D.=6.37). Results of this study indicate that adolescents' and adults' decision-making competence differs, with adults outperforming the adolescents. Specifically, compared to the adolescents, adults were more likely to consider risks and benefits associated with the decisions and suggest advice seeking. Fewer participants at all ages mentioned options, risks, and benefits than expected. Decision-making competence varied across the three decision-making dilemmas, but no age by decision scenario interactions were found. The results have implications for policies of informed consent and the age at which adolescents' rights to make certain decisions should be restricted by law.
Strategic technology roadmapping in the textile industry

Abstract: Management strategies are driven by changing technologies, and technological change in practically all industries is accelerating. The chapter addresses how technology management and technological changes impact business models and all aspects of strategic planning. Specific attention is paid to industry technology roadmapping as a tool for technology planning and management, including some examples of applications within the textile industry. Globalization strategies for textile companies are also addressed in this chapter.
Special Issue: The Role of Scholarly Communication in a Democratic Society

This editorial provides an introduction to the Special Issue and the connection between scholarly communication and democracy.
Connecting the Dots: Backward Course Design, Arts Education, and Teaching the Holocaust

This chapter focuses on learning efficacy through Backward Course Design. A choral music class project entitled “Musical Responses to the Holocaust” taught Queensborough Community College (QCC) students Holocaust history through the eyes of its victims and was part of the 2014–2015 National Endowment for the Humanities/Kupferberg Holocaust Center (NEH/KHC) Colloquium Series, “Testimony Across the Disciplines: Cultural and Artistic Responses to Genocide.” Course learning outcomes of empathy expansion through kinesthetic expression align with QCC outcomes regarding cultural awareness, civic engagement, and applying concepts to life. The chapter describes learning activities, provides evidence of student learning, and considers future avenues for course design and research.
The Bilingual Teacher Shortage in One Texas School District: Practitioner Perspectives.

This article explores how stakeholders in one Texas school district perceive, experience, and respond to the Spanish bilingual teacher shortage. Interview data from a qualitative case study contrib...
Frequency Domain Analysis Method of Forced Power Oscillation Induced by Doubly-fed Induction Generator

Based on the maximum power tracking control strategy, a small-signal model of single-infinite system for doubly-fed induction generator is established. A dynamic frequency analysis method is proposed to study the mechanism of forced power oscillation of doubly-fed generator. The transfer function expression of electromagnetic power variation and wind speed disturbance is given as well as the method of calculating each parameter matrixs, and the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves of the transfer function under all wind conditions are obtained. The effects of different frequency wind speed disturbances on electromagnetic power output are analyzed in two scenarios where the average wind speed is higher or lower than the rated wind speed. In the above two scenarios, the ratios of the amplitude of electromagnetic power fluctuation to the disturbance of wind speed are consistent with the amplitude-frequency characteristic curves, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method.
The promises and perils of automated facial action coding in studying children’s emotions.

Computer vision algorithms have made tremendous advances in recent years. We now have algorithms that can detect and recognize objects, faces, and even facial actions in still images and video sequences. This is wonderful news for researchers that need to code facial articulations in large data sets of images and videos, because this task is time consuming and can only be completed by expert coders, making it very expensive. The availability of computer algorithms that can automatically code facial actions in extremely large data sets also opens the door to studies in psychology and neuroscience that were not previously possible, for example, to study the development of the production of facial expressions from infancy to adulthood within and across cultures. Unfortunately, there is a lack of methodological understanding on how these algorithms should and should not be used, and on how to select the most appropriate algorithm for each study. This article aims to address this gap in the literature. Specifically, we present several methodologies for use in hypothesis-based and exploratory studies, explain how to select the computer algorithms that best fit to the requirements of our experimental design, and detail how to evaluate whether the automatic annotations provided by existing algorithms are trustworthy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Design and Operations of a 15 kWth Subpilot Unit for the Methane-to-Syngas Chemical Looping Process with CO2 Utilization

The methane-to-syngas (MTS) chemical looping process is an advanced methane reforming technology for the production of high purity syngas. The developed MTS process utilizes metal oxide oxygen carr...
Let's Chance: Playful Probabilistic Programming for Children

Probabilistic thinking has been one of the most powerful ideas in the history of science, and it is rapidly gaining even more relevance as it lies at the core of artificial intelligence (AI) systems and machine learning (ML) algorithms that are increasingly pervading our everyday lives. In this paper, we introduce Let's Chance-a novel computational microworld that extends the widely popular Scratch Programming Language with new types of code blocks and representations that make it accessible for children to encounter and tinker with the rich ideas and sophisticated concepts of probabilistic modeling and learning. Using the tool, children can imagine and code their own expressive, playful, and personally meaningful probabilistic projects, such as-generative art, music, or text; chance-based games and stories; interactive visualizations; and even advanced projects for making a computer learn from input data using simple Markov models of probabilistic learning, among many other creative possibilities.
Steroid-Induced Pancreatitis: Establishing an Accurate Association Poses a Challenge

The association between steroids and pancreatitis has been reported in the literature. However, due to its rarity, it can be challenging to make an early diagnosis. Hence, when diagnosing patients presenting with signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, there should be a high suspicion for medication-induced variants, after ruling out other common causes. In our report, we present the case of an individual with recurrent pancreatitis caused by the use of prednisone for musculoskeletal pain, the probable cause being steroids due to a high Naranjo score. The patient experienced clinical improvement with the resolution of pancreatitis after the steroids were discontinued.
Disability Law on the Frontlines

This Article argues that the current pandemic has raised the stakes (and, in some respects, has cleared the way) for a modern deinstitutionalization movement. The hotbeds of COVID-19 continue to be congregate “custodial spaces” such as nursing homes, prisons/jails, psychiatric hospitals, group homes, and immigration detention centers. This project makes three unique contributions to the emerging legal literature on COVID-19 and equality law. First and descriptively, I show how the design of congregate facilities makes them ill-suited for effective responses to the current pandemic by interrogating early design choices as illustrative of penal intent and control. By juxtaposing the criminalization and institutionalization of disfavored bodies and minds through multiple bodies of law – criminal law, immigration law, and disability laws – a clearer image of structural subordination emerges that unites the often-siloed movements for racial and disability justice. Second, this Article offers a typology of legal interventions designed to address the growing COVID-19 risks to particularly vulnerable groups of people with pre-existing disabilities and older adults with compromised immune systems. This typology allows for a more critical examination of the ability of existing laws to address the systemic inequities of the current public health crisis. Third, with the previous lessons and framework, I join the normative conversation on reform versus abolition of largescale institutions as service providers with particular attention to the role of race and disability.
Role of Nutrition Education in Pharmacy Curriculum-Students' Perspectives and Attitudes.

Many pharmacists report they lack nutritional knowledge and believe the best time to educate pharmacists about nutrition is during pharmacy school. Purpose: This study was conducted to determine if today’s pharmacy students receive education in nutrition and if they realize the importance of a nutrition course. Methods: Ninety-five pharmacy students attending pharmacy school were surveyed in two pharmacy schools in the United States. Results: The survey showed only 13.7% received nutrition education and 82.9% of students believed nutrition education should be incorporated into the pharmacy degree curriculum. When the pharmacy-related experience was taken into account, 73.3% of students believed that a nutrition course should be incorporated into the curriculum. Conclusion: This study suggests that pharmacy students from two major universities in Alabama and Illinois realize the importance of nutrition education and believe a nutrition course should be incorporated into the pharmacy degree curriculum.
Local existential threat, authoritarianism, and support for right-wing populism

Drawing on terror management theory, the present study examines how local existential threat and authoritarian dispositions work together to shape public support for Mr. Trump and elements of more ...
Evaluating the theoretical and practical linkages between ecosystem-based fisheries management and fisheries co-management

Abstract Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is increasingly recognized as the future of fisheries conservation and stewardship, appearing prominently in policy documents internationally. Although considerable progress has been made to translate EBFM from theory to practice, limited attention has been given to assessing the theoretical and practical linkages between EBFM and fisheries co-management. While EBFM and fisheries co-management are not new ideas, growing interest in both compels reflection on the interplay of these concepts, even though they have traditionally been viewed as disparate approaches. We report on the results of a literature review that explored the extent to which EBFM and fisheries co-management are linked. We describe the fundamental drivers, attributes, and desired outcomes commonly used to characterize these management concepts and quantify the degree of overlap in the literature. To illustrate how EBFM and co-management are integrated in practice, we present three examples. These examples highlight that these concepts exist on a continuum, with elements of co-management regularly appearing in conventional management regimes and elements of EBFM appearing in fisheries co-management initiatives.
Synthesis and energetic properties of trifluoromethyl-substituted 2-nitro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives

Abstract 5-Amino-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (ANTA) is a potential intermediate for the synthesis of high performance energetic materials. Now we describe the construction of 5,7-disubstituted-2-nitro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine with high fluorine content and considerable energy. The new compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 19F), and infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The structure of 2a is supported by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Measured crystal densities, calculated heats of formation and energetic properties have been investigated. Based on Explo5 calculations, highly fluorinated compound 2b has detonation properties comparable with TNT.
Navigating a Pandemic: Evaluating Communication with Parents in a STEM Program for Black and Latina Girls

This study focuses on the effectiveness of parent communication and engagement in an out-of-school (OST) STEM program for Black and Latina middle school girls. Through analysis of email open rates, a post-program survey, and attendance records, we found that our communication was successful in reaching parents, despite a drop in parent participation in online events during the pandemic. Our results suggest that communication efforts should be consistent, personalized, and inclusive. For CS educators interested in engaging families, we propose that a multi-layered communication approach is required to maintain connection with parents, especially during unpredictable circumstances.
What Is the Cause of This Biliary Stricture

This article describes the presentation and workup of a 63-year-old male with a bile duct stricture, followed by a discussion on management.
Comparison Analysis of Bipolar and Double D-shape Configurations in Inductive Power Transfer Electric Vehicle Chargers

Inductive electric vehicle charging systems is a revolutionary step toward transportation electrification. One of the major challenges in Inductive Power Transfer(IPT) system which is comprised of transmitting and receiving coils is the appropriate selection of couplers' configuration for dynamic charging application while EV is moving. The performance of Bipolar Power Pads (BPP) as the proposed coupler in this paper is compared with the existing Double D-Shape (DD) power pad for IPT Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers by analyzing the misalignment tolerance, power transfer capability, and safety index. 3D-Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models of these two types of coupler is built in ANSYS MAXWELL. A parametric FEA study is carried out to simulate the dynamic IPT system with either DD or BPP via defining the secondary position as the variable, and results of them are compared. To examine the public safety index, the flux density distribution in distance of 400mm from either the BPP setup or DD coupler are shown to show which configuration provides safer charging environment for public exposure considering the maximum allowable electromagnetic field exposure $(EMF\leq EMF_{Max})$ .
IL-6, sTNF-R2, and CRP in the context of sleep, circadian preference, and health in adolescents with eveningness chronotype: Cross-sectional and longitudinal treatment effects.

Abstract Background Inflammation-related processes have emerged as a biological pathway related to adolescent development. This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline inflammatory markers with sleep, circadian preference, and health at baseline and following treatment. Methods Participants included 165 adolescents (58.2% female, mean age 14.7 years, 42.4% taking medication) “at-risk” in at least one domain (emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and physical health) who received a sleep-based intervention. Self-reported eveningness as well as total sleep time (TST) and bedtime from sleep diary were assessed at baseline and following treatment. Baseline soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (sTNF-R2) and interleukin (IL)-6 were assayed from oral mucosal transudate. Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from saliva. Results At baseline, shorter TST was associated with more emotional risk among adolescents with higher CRP (b = −0.014, p = 0.007). Greater eveningness was related to more behavioral risk in the context of lower IL-6 (b = −0.142, p = 0.005). Following treatment, lower baseline IL-6 was associated with reduced behavioral risk (Χ2 = 8.06, p = 0.045) and lower baseline CRP was related to reduced physical health risk (Χ2 = 9.34, p = 0.025). Baseline inflammatory markers were not significantly associated with sleep, circadian, or other health domain change following treatment. Conclusions There was cross-sectional evidence that sleep and circadian dysfunction differentially relate to emotional and behavioral health risk for high and low levels of inflammatory markers. Longitudinal analyses indicated that lower levels of baseline inflammatory markers may be related to better treatment response to a sleep-based intervention.
An Intuitive Explanation of Rocket and Feather Effects

Searching consumers, uncertain about price distribution in a market, will learn about this distribution through prices they observe. Firms will be able to use these learning effects to increase markups. Because the price distribution varies more in times when input costs are volatile, consumers often begin with a weaker prior due to high volatility and will learn more from the price. This volatility effect speeds price increases when costs increase, but slows price decreases when costs decrease. This offers a unique explanation to the empirical puzzle of why prices increase more quickly with cost increases and decrease more slowly with cost decreases.
What Is the Optimal Method on Myocardial Suppression in FDG PET/CT Evaluation of Cardiac Sarcoidosis?

ABSTRACT Based on the recent publications, including large cohort retrospective study and prospective clinical trial data, we are commenting on the optimal methods on myocardial suppression in FDG PET/CT evaluation of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis.
Proteasome Inhibition: Thinking Outside the Box

A new era in cancer therapy is emerging with the development of tumor-specific agents exhibiting less toxicity. Since the advent of imatinib, several tumor-directed treatment options have been developed. However, therapies not directed specifically at a tumor target also have potential benefits. The 26S proteasome is a critical regulator of cell homeostasis through the degradation of key signaling molecules including p21, p27, and p53. Additionally, the proteasome degrades I-kB which inhibits the activity of NF-kB, an important promoter of cell proliferation. Blocking function of the proteasome disrupts tumor growth by shifting the balance of the cell from proliferation to apoptosis. In vitro, the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, inhibits NF-kB activity and prevents growth of several malignant cell types including multiple myeloma. Given the central role of NF-kB in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma, bortezomib was a good candidate for use in therapy. Treatment of heavily pre-treated patients with bortezomib led to response rates of 30%–40%. More importantly, bortezomib led to improvements in bone metabolism, a major cause of morbidity in multiple myeloma. This effect was seen independent of the response of the myeloma. This finding correlates with in vitro studies which demonstrate increased BMP2 expression and osteoblast number after exposure to bortezomib. Moreover, bortezomib blocks NF-kB-mediated angiogenesis and tumor cell metastasis. While tumor-targeted treatments have an important role in the future of cancer therapy, these examples show that it is important not to lose sight of the benefits of less-specific agents in the treatment of malignant neoplasms.
Concentric isokinetic knee torque characteristics of female volleyball athletes

A concentric isokinetic torque profile for the knee extensors and flexors of 16 NAIA female volleyball athletes was compiled. Subjects were tested at 90 and 180 0 /s. The purpose of this investigation was to combine these data with previous reports to establish an isokinetic musculoskeletal data base for female volleyball athletes of varying age and skill level. A series of tables are presented comparing the results of differing populations of female volleyball athletes. A review of subject demographics revealed similarities in age, height, and mass over varying skill levels. Inconsistencies in isokinetic test velocity and device complicated exact direct peak torque comparisons. General comparisons found striking similarities between isokinetic torque values assessed at similar test velocities. An appeal is made for consistent concentric knee test velocities of 60, 180, and 300 0 /s. Secondarily, the nature of volleyball knee injuries warrants future establishment of eccentric isokinetic testing of these muscle groups.
Global mappings of nonlinear systems

A theorem and its corollary are presented in which conditions are stated for a global transformation of a nonlinear system to a linear system. An explicit method for constructing such a transformation is given, and the important noncharacteristic matrix is introduced. Examples illustrating the technique are presented.
Information-theoretic analysis of turtle cortical waves

In this paper, we describe two approaches to the problem of encoding cortical waves of turtle visual cortex. The first approach relies on representing the response of individual pyramidal cells using various temporal scales (multiresolution analysis). In the second approach, we consider decomposing the visual cortex into various spatial grids. Each of these spatial grid contains several neurons and the Kullback-Leibler distance between the spiking patterns in response to different stimuli is computed. Such distance measure, we hope, would eventually be used to detect the stimuli.
Preliminary turbulence length scale measurements in a motored IC engine

A recently developed laser Doppler velocimetry system for making two-point spatial correlation measurements of velocity fluctuations has been applied to the turbulent flow field of an IC engine. Fluctuation integral length scales have been measured within the clearance volume of a ported, single cylinder engine with a disc-shaped chamber and a compression ratio of 8.0. The engine was motored at 600 rpm and the engine flow field had a swirl ratio at top dead center of approximately 4. These measurements were made at the center of the clearance height at three-quarters of the cylinder radius. The integral length scale was found to reach a minimum of approximately one-fifth of the clearance height near TDC. Comparison of the results obtained using this technique with the integral length scales measured in engines by others authors using different methods gives agreement to within a factor of two.
EPITHELIAL INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE RECEPTORS : MULTIPLICITY OF LOCALIZATION, SOLUBILITY, AND ISOFORMS

In an earlier subcellular fractionation study of epithelial tissue (liver and pancreas), we demonstrated that the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is found in association with biochemically distinct cellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (Sharp, A. H., Snyder, S. H., and Nigam, S. K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 7444-7449). To further characterize epithelial IP3Rs, we have now employed cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, a well studied tight polarized epithelial cell type. Indirect immunofluorescence with an antiserum which specifically recognizes IP3R in MDCK cells by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation gave an ER-like staining pattern as well as a basolateral plasma membrane-like staining pattern, the latter being particularly evident in highly confluent monolayers. In sections of adult rat kidney tubules a similar staining pattern was observed. Interestingly, whereas known basolateral proteins (Na+,K(+)-ATPase and the facilitated glucose transporter) gave a continuous basolateral staining pattern, that seen for IP3R was discontinuous (punctate). A highly similar staining pattern was observed for the caveolar protein, caveolin, suggesting that the punctate basolateral plasma membrane-like staining pattern observed for IP3R reflects its localization to basolateral caveolae. Biotinylation of non-permeabilized and permeabilized MDCK cells, followed by immunoprecipitation of IP3R and detection with streptavidin, indicated that while most IP3R is localized to biotin-inaccessible compartments (i.e. ER), a fraction (10-20%) of IP3R was accessible to externally added biotin primarily from the basolateral side. This result is compatible with the dual ER and basolateral caveolar localization suggested by immunocytochemistry, although it does not exclude the presence of some IP3R in the basolateral plasma membrane as well. Solubility studies revealed IP3R to be considerably more insoluble than the basolateral proteins, Na+,K(+)-ATPase and the liver cell adhesion molecule, as well as the cytoskeletal proteins, ankyrin and fodrin. In the most insoluble fraction, IP3R was found along with caveolin, further supporting the notion that part of the cellular IP3R pool associates with caveolae. Since multiple localizations of IP3R within a cell might reflect the existence of multiple isoforms, polymerase chain reaction amplification of first strand cDNA with primers specific for the three isotypes of IP3R was performed. All three isoforms of IP3R were expressed in the homogeneous population of MDCK cells. The existence of distinct membrane localizations and multiple isoforms of IP3R within the same cell type suggests an explanation for the complex spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ release from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ pools in epithelial and other cells.
A viable optical header processor for optical packet switching

A viable optical header processor module is proposed for integration within optical packet switches. The processor employs optical Y switches (Janz et al., 2003) as switching elements with bi-stable photodetectors (Jajszczyk and Mouftah, 1993). The achievable rate can potentially exceed 40Gbps and the header can be modulated at the same rate wavelength and modulation scheme as the payload. The proposed scheme can support multicasting and broadcasting.
Damages: The Truth is Out There

In this essay, part of Michael Asimow's forthcoming collection on lawyers on TV, I discuss the television show Damages and its portrayal of powerful lawyers, and whether their exercise of their power "damages" them. In particular, I examine the show's depiction of women lawyers, and whether their exercise of legal power transforms them. Do we as clients, as lawyers, and as an audience resist the vision of powerful women lawyers? Does the exercise of legal power damage women, or does it make them stronger?
Synthesis and Assembly of Metal Nanoparticles on Electrospun Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Fibers and Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Composite Fibers

Gold or Silver nanoparticles have been immobilized on the surface of poly(4-vinylpyridine) fibers and poly(4-vinylpyridine)/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite fibers by in situ synthesis or by self-assembly. Polymer fibers with submicrometer diameters were fabricated using an electrospinning process and modified to incorporate functional pyridyl groups on the surface.
Platelet [3H]Imipramine binding in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia with panic attacks

The density of platelet [3H]imipramine binding sites is reported to be decreased in unipolar depression and, hence, is a putative biological marker. There is considerable evidence for a phenomenological and biological relationship of panic disorder with affective disorder. We studied platelet [3H]imipranime binding site density in unmedicated subjects with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; n = 55), panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia (n = 52), and normal controls (n = 26) in order to determine whether or not patients with panic disorder differed from controls in this biological assay. We found no differences in binding site density (Bmax) or affinity (Kd) among the PD, PD with agoraphobia, GAD, and control groups. Nor did we find a relationship between Bmaxor Kdand the severity of depressive symptoms or the presence of a family history of affective disorder. In view of two conflicting prior studies, the use of [3H]imipramine binding in panic disorder remains problematic.
XANES and EXAFS study of aqueous Pb(II) adsorbed on oxide surfaces

Abstract Pb L III florescence-yield XANES and EXAFS spectroscopies were used to study the local environment of Pb(II)(aq) sorbed on wet γ-Al 2 O 3 at densities of 0.4 and 1.4 μmoles/m 2 . Surface Pb(II) is bonded to one oxygen at 2.23 A and two oxygens at 2.46 A and has a second-neighbor Pb at 3.55 A and a second-neighbor Al at 3.77 A. These observations suggest that Pb(II) forms inner-sphere complexes on the wet surface of γ-Al 2 O 3 , at least some of which are polymeric.
Microwave magnetic-field measurements by a modulated scattering technique

The paper describes an experimental technique for measuring microwave magnetic diffraction fields. It establishes the capabilities of the modulated scattering method when a small loop containing two subminiature diodes in parallel is used as the scatterer. Extensive data for amplitude and phase distributions of both the electric and the magnetic fields over the entire region of a circular aperture irradiated by a plane wave have been obtained. Distributions of diffraction fields both in front of and behind the aperture are presented. Discussions on cross-polarization components and the effect of screen thickness are also included.