cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidants in signal transduction: impact on DNA integrity and gene expression

Physiological stimuli using reactive oxygen species (ROS) as second messengers caused nucleotide-specific base modifications in the hypoxic response element of the VEGF gene in lung vascular cells, with the 3' guanine of the HIF-1 DNA recognition sequence uniformly targeted. Modeling this effect by replacing the targeted guanine with an abasic site increased incorporation of HIF-1 and the bi-functional DNA repair enzyme and transcriptional coactivator, Ref-1/Ape1, into the transcriptional complex and engendered more robust reporter gene expression. Oxidants generated in the context of physiological signaling thus affect nuclear DNA integrity and may facilitate gene expression by optimizing DNA-protein interactions.
Isolation and characterization of a novel gene containing WD40 repeats from the region deleted in velo-cardio-facial/DiGeorge syndrome on chromosome 22q11.

Abstract Three congenital disorders, cat-eye syndrome (CES), der(22) syndrome, and velo–cardio–facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), result from tetrasomy, trisomy, and monosomy, respectively, of part of 22q11. They share a 1.5-Mb region of overlap, which contains 24 known genes. Although the region has been sequenced and extensively analyzed, it is expected to contain additional genes, which have thus far escaped identification. To understand completely the molecular etiology of VCFS/DGS, der(22) syndrome, and CES, it is essential to isolate all genes in the interval. We have identified and characterized a novel human gene, located within the 1.5-Mb region deleted in VCFS/DGS, trisomic in der(22) syndrome and tetrasomic in CES. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human gene and its mouse homologue contain several WD40 repeats, but lack homology to known proteins. We termed this gene WDR14 (WD40 repeat-containing gene deleted in VCFS). It is expressed in a variety of human and mouse adult and fetal tissues with substantial expression levels in the adult thymus, an organ hypoplastic in VCFS/DGS.
Greenhouse gas emissions trading among Pacific Rim countries: An analysis of policies to bring developing countries to the bargaining table

This paper examines the aggregate net costs and individual country cost savings of greenhouse gas emissions trading among Pacific Rim countries. We propose emission permit allocation rules designed to entice developing countries to participate. Absence of developing country involvement has served as an excuse for the lack by participation by the United States in the first compliance period of the Kyoto Protocol and may serve as a disincentive to even more countries in subsequent periods. Our analysis specifies permit allocation rules that could result in no net costs, and even cost-savings, to developing countries for their involvement in the emissions trading market, while at the same time providing extensive benefits to industrialized countries through access to lower-cost mitigation alternatives.
Oxytocin‐induced contractions within rat and rabbit ejaculatory tissues are mediated by vasopressin V1A receptors and not oxytocin receptors

Background and purpose: Oxytocin is believed to be involved in ejaculation by increasing sperm number and contracting ejaculatory tissues. However, oxytocin may mediate these effects via oxytocin or vasopressin (AVP) receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin and AVP on peripheral tissues involved in ejaculation and to identify the receptor subtype(s) involved.
High resolution magnetic susceptibility imaging of geological thin sections: Pilot study of a pyroclastic sample from the Bishop Tuff, California, U.S.A.

High resolution magnetic susceptibility imaging is a new technique for studying the magnetic properties of geological thin sections. The two-dimensional distribution of both remanent and induced magnetization can be determined with a spatial resolution (< 1.0 mm) that is similar to the size of phenocrysts in the sample. Amongst many problems in rock magnetism to which it could be applied, the technique holds great potential for understanding the origin of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in pyroclastic flows. Preliminary tests on a single sample of ignimbrite indicate that secondary iron-titanium oxide particles deposited within vesicle walls prior to their collapse are responsible for the bulk susceptibility.
God, chaos, and the quantum dice

A recent noninterventionist account of divine agency has been proposed that marries the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics to the instability of chaos theory. On this account, God is able to bring about observable effects in the macroscopic world by determining the outcome of quantum events. When this determination occurs in the presence of chaos, the ability to influence large systems is multiplied. This paper argues that, although the proposal is highly intuitive, current research in dynamics shows that it is far less plausible than previously thought. Chaos coupled to quantum mechanics proves to be a shaky foundation for models of divine agency.
T cell localization in rabbit models of acute and chronic experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Abstract Cell-mediated hypersensitivity has been increasingly implicated in immunologic diseases of the lung, including hypersensitivity pneumonias (HSP) (extrinsic allergic alveolitis). We used a T cell-specific monoclonal antibody (L11/135) to localize T cells in the parenchyma and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung sections in rabbit models of experimental HSP to define further their possible role in pathogenesis. T cells appeared within 4 hours in early lesions of rabbit models of acute HSP and heavily infiltrated alveolitis lesions at 8 and 24 hours after aerosol challenge. T cells were also present in lesions of rabbit models with chronic alveolitis and occurred peripherally in granulomas. Variable aggregate and follicular forms of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue rich in T cells occurred in both experimental and control animals. Our findings document early and continuing presence of T cells in lesions in rabbit models of experimental HSP.
Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd systematics of cherts and other siliceous deposits

We have analyzed a suite of marine and lacustrine cherts to determine the concentration of Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd and the isotopic composition of Sr and Nd. The samples ranged from Pliocene to Silurian in age and included nodular cherts in carbonates as well as bedded cherts. Massive samples were leached in acid to remove carbonate and both the leach and residue analyzed. The residues contained 0.1 to 17 ppm Rb and 0.5 to 20 ppm Sr. All samples have high Rb/Sr ratios (~0.1 to 0.8) and thus show enrichment of Rb relative to Sr of 6 to 60 times that of seawater. The Rb and Sr in pegmatitic quartz are much lower by factors of 10 to 10^3, although these also may have high Rb/Sr. The site of Rb and Sr in the cherts was not established but appears to be correlated with Al content. The high Rb/Sr ratios permit the use of cherts for dating in favorable circumstances. The Nd contents range from 9 to 1000 ppb with Sm/Nd ~ 0.16 to 0.19, typical of continental sources. The initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratio for a Pacific deep sea chert is equal to that of associated carbonates and hence reflects the seawater environment. In shelf and marginal basin environments, the initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of chert are distinctly more radiogenic than seawater. This is most obvious where a substantial clay component is present, but is observed even in samples with Al_2O_3 contents less than 0.1%. These results show the Rb-Sr system in chert to be rather isolated from the associated carbonate with very little Sr exchange. This separate behavior appears to persist through both early and late recrystallization stages. These data suggest that, in many cases, cherts are formed by “dissolved” SiO_2 nucleating on clay-like material which preserves the isotopic characteristics of the detrital source. The detrital component required is less than 1% of the total chert. In some cases, it is possible that the cherts were formed from silica-saturated waters from a nonmarine source, possibly in coastal environments or during uplift. These waters contained radiogenic Sr in solution that was not exchanged with the carbonate matrix. This latter mechanism is also indicated by oxygen isotopic studies (KNAUTH and EPSTEIN, 1976; KOLODNY and EPSTEIN, 1976). The Nd isotopic signature of the deep sea samples reflects the seawater composition in agreement with the initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr data on the same samples. Samples with excesses of ^(87)Sr relative to seawater show low ϵ_(Nd), both sets of data thus indicating inheritance of an old detrital component. The results demonstrate that the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd systems may be used in elucidating the origin and evolution of cherts and that the Rb-Sr system may be used for dating, if consideration is given to the initial Sr composition and to diagenetic changes. This opens up numerous possibilities for sedimentological-geochemical studies.
Cyclic nucleotides control a system which regulates Ca2+ sensitivity of platelet secretion.

Cellular responses to extracellular signals are mediated by changes in the intracellular concentrations of one or more second messengers1. In platelets, inhibitory agonists increase intracellular cyclic-3′,5′-AMP ([cyclic AMP]i (refs 2, 3)) whereas excitatory agonists increase [Ca2+]i and/or [1,2-diacylglycerol]i (refs 4–9), and in some cases decrease [cyclic AMP]i (refs 10,11). Both activation and inhibition of platelet responses have been attributed to an increase in [cyclic-3′,5′-GMP]i (refs 8, 12). The activity of protein kinase C, which is associated with the platelet secretory response, is increased by both 1,2-diacylglycerol and Ca2+ (refs 4, 7, 8). The role of cyclic AMP may involve either inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization to the cytosol13 or stimulation of intracellular Ca2+ uptake14, and in addition inhibition of 1,2-diacylglycerol formation15,16. The relationship between cyclic-3′,5′-GMP (cyclic GMP) and other second messengers in platelet activation has not been defined. Using platelets made permeable by exposure to an intense electric field17,18, we demonstrate here modulation of the Ca2+sensitivity of platelet secretion by thrombin, and by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and l-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), both potent activators of protein kinase C. The effect of thrombin is selectively modified by cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP. The response to OAG and TPA is also modulated by cyclic AMP but to a much lesser extent.
Team Knowledge and Coordination in Geographically Distributed Software Development

Coordination is important in software development because it leads to benefits such as cost savings, shorter development cycles, and better-integrated products. Team cognition research suggests that members coordinate through team knowledge, but this perspective has only been investigated in real-time collocated tasks and we know little about which types of team knowledge best help coordination in the most geographically distributed software work. In this field study, we investigate the coordination needs of software teams, how team knowledge affects coordination, and how this effect is influenced by geographic dispersion. Our findings show that software teams have three distinct types of coordination needs-technical, temporal, and process-and that these needs vary with the members' role; geographic distance has a negative effect on coordination, but is mitigated by shared knowledge of the team and presence awareness; and shared task knowledge is more important for coordination among collocated members. We articulate propositions for future research in this area based on our analysis.
Shell Distribution on Colloidal CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) was used to determine the chemical distribution of semiconductor shell material around colloidal core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). EELS signals from positions around the QD indicate a well-defined shell of ZnS surrounding the CdSe core, but the distribution of the shell material is highly anisotropic. This nonuniformity may reflect the differences in chemical activity of the crystal faces of the core QD and implies a nonoptimal QD surface passivation.
Cognitive efficiency: A conceptual and methodological comparison

► Conceptions and measurement of cognitive efficiency vary broadly. ► The current study is the first empirical comparison of measurement methods. ► Uncorrelated scores revealed different facets of efficient cognition were measured. ► Dual-process views of efficient cognition are advocated.
New compensation method for bulk optical sensors with multiple birefringences

The dielectric tensor of an anisotropic crystal with multiple perturbations is presented to include the effects of multiple perturbations. To study electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic crystals subject to various influences the perturbed dielectric tensor is substituted into Maxwell’s equation. Then, a 2 × 2 transmission matrix formalism, based on a normal-mode approach, is extended to anisotropic crystals possessing multiple birefringences to develop compensation schemes for ac optical sensors employing the crystal. It is shown that a new compensation method utilizing two analyzers can eliminate the effects of both unwanted linear birefringences and unwanted circular birefringences on the stability of the ac bulk polarimetric optical sensor. The conditions (here referred to as the quenching condition) in which the compensation method becomes important are also derived for both the voltage (or electric field) and current (or magnetic field) sensors.
Upper limits for CP 1919 X-ray emission

Pulsar CP 1919 X ray emission upper limits from balloon flight data, comparing to NP 0532 over entire electromagnetic spectrum
Nature of the 3'-terminal sequences of the plus and minus strands of the S1 gene of reovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3.

Abstract The 3′-terminal regions of the plus and minus strands of the S1 genes of serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of reovirus were sequenced. The S1 gene codes for polypeptide σ1, a protein with a MW of about 45,000 that elicits the principal neutralizing antibody and is the hemagglutinin, the cell attachment protein, and the primary determinant of reovirus virulence, tissue tropism, and pathogenicity. It is the most type specific of all reovirus proteins; examination of the gene that encodes it should therefore best reveal which of its sequences are conserved (constant) and which may be varied. The 3′-termini of the plus strands of the S1 genes of reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 share extensive homology. They share 16 of the first 20 or 21 nucleotides including the terminal sequence UCAUC-3′, as well as an additional 5-residue region near residue 40 that contains a termination codon. The extent of homology at the other end of the S1 gene (that which contains the 5′-ends of the plus strands) is less extensive; all plus strands possess the same sequence 5'-GCUAUU and serotypes 1 and 2 s1 plus strands share an additional CGC. There follows a sequence with no homology until the first initiation codon is encountered at residue 14, 14, or 13, respectively. The first 20 to 30 amino acids encoded by the three S1 genes show no detectable homology, although they exhibit a similar degree of hydrophobicity. The three sl plus strands exhibit interesting secondary structure features. Few stable hairpins are present within 100 residues of either terminus; one such hairpin in the sl plus strand of serotype 2 that may possess some stability (−13.0 kcal) encompasses three in-phase termination codons, but this structure is not present in the sl plus strands of serotypes 1 and 3. There are regions of complementarity near (but not directly at) the 5′- and 3′-termini of all three species of sl plus strands that may conceivably permit circularization (−15.0 kcal). Further, the sl plus strands of serotypes 1 and 2, but not 3, possess a sequence near their 5′-terminus that is complementary to a sequence immediately adjacent to the 3′-terminus of 18 S ribosomal RNA. These studies indicate that although the S1 gene codes for a very type-specific protein, the three forms of it that are present in reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 nevertheless possess considerable regions of homology at their termini. These regions probably function as recognition signals for ribosomes, RNA polymerase (transcriptase and replicase), and encapsidation.
THE EFFECTIVE YIELD TEST, THE MARKET PARITY TEST, AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

This study shows that the classification of convertible bonds as common stock equivalents for computing primary earnings per share made by the effective yield test does not closely relate to that made by the market parity test as envisioned by the Accounting Principles Board. Yet, there is a large degree of correspondence between the classifications made by the two tests when the tests are conducted on a year‐by‐year basis. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that the two tests' predictive power for conversion of convertible bonds can be substantially improved if the tests are periodically performed. These findings may be indicative of the permanent classification problem that could cause the test results to be inaccurate.
Intensive interventional maternity care reduces infant morbidity and hospital costs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to introduce an intensive interventional maternity care program, called the Temple Infant and Parent Support Services (TIPSS) program, and to determine whether comprehensive maternal and infant care would reduce the high rate of infant morbidity and mortality. Methods: The TIPSS program was comprehensive, offering multidisciplinary services that were family focused and community based. Program services included community outreach, health education, as well as clinical care for the entire family. The effect of this program was evaluated among a very high-risk group of women who were recruited into care versus a control group of high-risk patients from the same neighborhood who voluntarily sought care at the Temple University School of Medicine. Outcome parameters evaluated included gestational age at delivery, birth weight, neonatal intensive care admission, infant death and cost of infant care. Results: Among the TIPSS study group, 5.2% of infants were below 2500 g...
Double crush to the thorax: Pectus excavatum and kyphoscoliosis

Abstract The relationship between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and pectus excavatum (PE) is not well understood. We hypothesize that the combined thoracic malformations of AIS and PE may lead to a “double crush to the thorax” resulting in greater cardiopulmonary impairment than either thoracic malformation in isolation. We evaluated the Haller index (HI) and thoracic volume changes that occur pre- and post-operatively for kyphoscoliosis and PE by examining the case of a 12-year-old girl who had a “double crush to the thorax.” Using posterior-to-anterior and lateral standing scoliosis films obtained before and after both operations we determined the PE severity index (HI). Using the same radiographs a Blender based computational model was used to approximate the thoracic volumes. With correction of kyphoscoliosis the HI acutely increased from 1.9 to 3.2 with a decrease in thoracic volume of 11% resulting in shortness of breath and tachycardia. With PE repair the HI was returned to normal (HI = 2.4) and the thoracic volume increased 18%, with resolution of her cardiopulmonary symptoms. When severe kyphoscoliosis and PE co-exist consideration should be given to the implication of the “the double crush to the thorax” if cardiopulmonary symptoms arise.
The Development of Za in Medieval Japan

The za was a leading medieval Japanese economic institution, often likened to the European guild. Professor Yamamura analyzes the rise and subsequent decline of za from the eleventh through the sixteenth centuries, paying special attention to their influence on the development of commercial activity.
Targeting TFIIH to Inhibit Host Cell Transcription by Rift Valley Fever Virus

In the February 20 issue of Cell, Le May et al. (2004) report that Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) targets cellular transcriptional apparatus to inhibit RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Unlike polio and vesicular stomatitis viruses, both of which target the TATA binding protein (TBP), RVFV appears to target the basal transcription factor THIIH to induce shut-off of host cell transcription.
Amino acid and thyroid hormone transport systems in Xenopus laevis.

Abstract The nature of amino acid uptake by Xenopus laevis embryos was examined. Xenopus laevis embryos (stage 23–25) were incubated with 14 C-labeled amino acids or [ 125 I]triiodo- l -thyronine (T 3 ) under various conditions. The amino acids studied can be placed into two categories: those whose transport is Na + dependent and those whose transport is Na + independent. Structurally related amino acids or amino acid analogs were mutually inhibitory to transport, while amino acids with dissimilar side chains were mutually permissive regarding uptake. Glycine uptake was ouabain sensitive, while leucine uptake was ouabain insensitive, as was T 3 uptake. T 3 transport appeared to be a Na + -dependent process in 24- to 30-hr-old embryos, but became Na + independent by 48 hr after fertilization. T 3 transport was inhibited when Na + -independent substrates were present in the incubation media. The delineation of natural in vivo transport systems in Xenopus laevis makes it an inherently more useful model developmental system.
Professional Work: A Sociological Approach

List of Figures.List of Tables.Acknowledgements.1. Professional and Managerial Work in the 21st Century. 2. Conceptual Background: The Expert Division of Labor and Professional Work. 3. Managers and Managerial Work in the 20th Century. 4. The Neoentrepreneurial Workplace.5. Theoretical Models of Professional Work. 6. Change in the Organizational Context of Managerial and Professional Work. 7. Interest Diversity and Demographic Diversity Among Professionals. 8. Organizations as Vehicles for Producing Stratification Among Professionals. 9. Conclusion: The Rise of the Postorganizational Workplace. Additional Readings on Professions. References. Index.
Exposure effects on deep-ultraviolet resist thickness

Most deep ultraviolet (DUV) resist models available today utilize the Dill parameters to characterize resist exposure. These models assume that the thickness of the resist remains constant through exposure and post-exposure bake (PEB). The thickness is only affected by development in the models when resist is removed from the exposed or unexposed regions, depending on whether it is a positive or negative resist. It has been observed that a number of DUV resists change thickness upon exposure. This effect is expected to have an impact on the post-exposure acid profile calculated for modeling purposes. In this paper, we present data on the thickness changes for different resists and the effect of exposure to PEB delay on the change.
A Photometric Method for Evaluating Carpet Wear

To measure changes in carpet appearance due to traffic, we have built an instrument that directs a beam of light onto the carpet surface and measures the intensity of the scattered light using a ph...
Detecting the emergence of chronic pain in sickle cell disease.

Context Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited hematological disease marked by intense pain. Early in life the pain is episodic, but it becomes increasingly chronic in many cases. Little is known about this emergence of a chronic pain state.
Proteinuria and hematuria in schoolchildren: epidemiology and early natural history.

Over the past several decades screening for disease in large asymptomatic populations has increased, culminating most recently with a federal mandate for early, periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment of all children from low-income families. The present study of five consecutive examinations in over 12,000 schoolchildren shows the cumulative occurrence of proteinuria and hematuria to be surprisingly high (>6%). Comparison of this large number of children with the few individuals in whom death occurs from chronic renal disease annually (
The periodontal ligament (PDL) injection: An alternative to inferior alveolar nerve block

The periodontal ligament (PDL) injection for mandibular anesthesia in isolated regions was evaluated, using both a conventional syringe and two devices designed for this procedure. A high success rate was achieved, with a low incidence of adverse reaction and highly favorable comment from both patients and administrators. Duration of pulpal anesthesia following the technique described proved adequate for most dental procedures. The newer devices appear to have some advantage over the conventional syringe technique. However, the PDL injection technique can readily be used with any conventional syringe. Further study is recommended to determine the response of periodontal and pulpal tissues.
Genetic hypercoagulability: screening should be an informed choice.

Recently, I received an e-mail from a frantic woman in another state. She had just learned that her husband's brother had a thrombosis associated with an inherited tendency to hypercoagulability. Her 12-year-old daughter was about to undergo hernia surgery. She asked whether the operation should be
Angle-resolved de Haas–van Alphen study of Sr Ru O 3

The results of angle-resolved de Haas--van Alphen oscillations in $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ru}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single crystals are reported. At least six fundamental frequencies of oscillation are detected between 100 and 11 000 T. The effective mass of the charge carriers is measured for each orbit and ranges from 4.1 to $6.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{m}_{e}$. The mean free path length of the charge carriers is between 640 and 5500 \AA{} or roughly 100--1000 times the unit cell dimensions. The measured frequencies are compared to the Fermi surface calculated by Santi and Jarlborg.
Effects of septal chemical injections on asymptotic avoidance performance in cats.

Abstract Double-walled cannulae were implanted in the septal region of sixteen cats. Injections of carbachol into dorsal midline septal placements significantly reduced the percentage of asymptotic, shuttle-box avoidance responses. Those animals demonstrating mild to moderate signs of overt behavioral change with carbachol were most impaired on the avoidance task. However, in contrast to the results for avoidance responses, the dorsal midline carbachol injections were found to significantly decrease the latencies of avoidance responses while norepinephrine increased avoidance response latencies. The production of overt behavioral effects and of shorter latency CARs with the dorsal midline carbachol injections was discussed in terms of the possibility that cholinergic neurons in the dorsal midline septal area may mediate certain aspects of behavioral activation, possibly via their influence on the hippocampus.
Chemical bonding of nitrogen in dilute InAsN and high In‐content GaInAsN

To assess the preferential chemical bonding of N in dilute InAsN and high In content GaInNAs alloys we have analyzed the recent infrared absorption and Raman scattering data by using a comprehensive Green's function theory within an 11 parameter rigid-ion-model. Our theoretical results provided firm corroboration to some of the observed N- related modes to specific bonding (micro clusters) configurations. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic analysis of horizontal IP scanning

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have become ubiquitous in the defense against virus outbreaks, malicious exploits of OS vulnerabilities, and botnet proliferation. As attackers frequently rely on host scanning for reconnaissance leading to penetration, IDS is often tasked with detecting scans and preventing them. However, it is currently unknown how likely an IDS is to detect a given Internet-wide scan pattern and whether there exist sufficiently fast scan techniques that can remain virtually undetectable at large-scale. To address these questions, we propose a simple analytical model for the window-expiration rules of popular IDS tools (i.e., Snort and Bro) and utilize a variation of the Chen-Stein theorem to derive the probability that they detect some of the commonly used scan permutations. Using this analysis, we also prove the existence of stealth-optimal scan patterns, examine their performance, and contrast it with that of well-known techniques.
Intravenous amiodarone for life-threatening tachyarrhythmias in children and young adults

AbstractObjectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous amiodarone in young patients.Background. Oral amiodarone therapy has proved useful for problematic arrhythm...
Preparation and pervaporation properties of a MEL-type zeolite membrane

A boron-substituted ZSM-11 (Si/B = 100, MEL structure) membrane was prepared and shown to selectively permeate methyl ethyl ketone, propan-1-ol, and propan-2-ol from aqueous solutions.
Identifying non-Abelian topological ordered state and transition by momentum polarization

Using momentum polarisation calculations to obtain the spin and central charge of the wave function, the authors are able to distinguish SU(2)${}_{2}$ 2 Chern-Simons theories with and without coupling to fermions. This is a remarkable result since the two theories cannot be discriminated with conventional approaches.
Rate parameters from dynamic experiments with single catalyst pellets

Abstract Equations have been derived relating the rate and equilibrium parameters for adsorption and reaction on a single catalyst pellet to measurable properties of pulse-response experiments. In particular, it is shown that intraparticle diffusivities, adsorption equilibrium constants, and adsorption rate constants can be evaluated from the moments of the response peak from one end face of a catalyst pellet when a pulse of diffusing component is passed over the other end face. The method is illustrated with experimental data for helium (in nitrogen) and cyclopropane (in helium) pulses diffusing through alumina pellets at 35–90°C and atmospheric pressure. The results suggest that this dynamic procedure offers a rapid, simple method for establishing the rate and equilibrium parameters for adsorbing systems, provided all processes are linear. An advantage is that the intraparticle diffusivity can be obtained from the first moment of the response peaks, without recourse to the less accurate, second moment. Extension of the method to first-order reaction systems is discussed. A disadvantage is that the results may not be of high accuracy when many parameters are to be evaluated from one set of data; i.e. from one set of experimental conditions.
Flow Characteristics of Human Erythrocytes through Polycarbonate Sieves.

We used polycarbonate sieves with uniform cylindrical pores (2.4 to 6.8 microns in diameter) to filter suspensions of human erythrocytes (mean major diameter is 7.2 microns) in Eagle-albumin solution. With 6.8-micron sieves the pressure-flow curves are convexed to the pressure-axis at low pressures and become linear with high pressures. With 4.5-micron sieves, however, the pressure-flow relationship is linear throughout the range of study. In both types of sieves, flow rate is reduced progressively with increasing concentration of red blood cells (RBC) over a range of 0.5 to 95 percent. The resistance to flow of RBC suspensions is higher in 4.5-micron than in 6.8-micron pores. With filter pore diameters of 3.0 microns or more, the RBC concentration in the filtrate was 100 percent of that in the solution being filtered, but only 70 percent with 2.4-micron pores. The observed critical pore diameter for 100 percent cell transmission agrees with theoretical calculation based on the assumption that the RBC membrane is deformable but nonextensible. The importance of cell deformation in the passage of RBC9s through small pores is shown by the inability of RBC hardened in acetaldehyde to pass pores with 6.8-micron diameter.
NORMAL FORMS FOR ALMOST COMPLEX STRUCTURES

We study the formal normal form of a non-integrable almost complex structure. We do this in terms of the vector fields associated to the almost complex structure. We show that locally such a formal normal form exists and we prove a partial convergence result.
RESPIRATORY SINUS DYSRHYTHMIA PERSISTS IN TRANSPLANTED HUMAN HEARTS FOLLOWING AUTONOMIC BLOCKADE

SUMMARY 1. The present study was performed to test whether beat-to-beat cardiovascular control in cardiac allograft recipients resides in cholinergic and/or adrenergic nerves that are intrinsic to the heart. 2. Heart rate (HR) fluctuations synchronous with respiration during spontaneous, double tidal volume and metronome-synchronized breathing were quantified in 13 human heart transplant recipients. We also examined the effects of sequential cholinergic and β-adrenoceptor (combined) autonomic blockade on respiratory sinus arrythmia (RSA). We computed RSA amplitude and the correlation between respiration and changes in HR (cardiopulmonary synchronization; CPS). Group means were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Transplant recipients served as their own controls. 3. In the basal state, moderate RSA amplitude and CPS were observed. During cholinergic and combined blockade, we observed no significant change in RSA amplitude, whereas CPS increased significantly during combined blockade (P<0.05). The amplitude of RSA increased during respiration at double baseline tidal volume, but not at any of the other breathing manoeuvres (P<0.01). In contrast, CPS increased significantly during both patterned breathing manoeuvres. No significant correlation was seen between mean right atrial pressure and RSA amplitude. In 23% of subjects with low CPS, HR oscillated with arterial pressure. These oscillations were independent of respiration. During all three patterns of respiration, a significant inverse correlation was observed between CPS and pulse pressure (r= -0.53 to -0.73). Thus, as the amplitude of pulse pressure increased, respiration accounted for a smaller percentage of HR variation. 4. In conclusion, RSA persists and the magnitude of CPS increases following combined autonomic blockade. These studies suggest that while RSA after cardiac transplantation is not cholinergically or adrenergically mediated, it may be related to mechanical stretch of the sinus node caused by changes in intrathoracic pressure and perfusion pressure.
Effects of substantia nigra γ-vinyl-GABA infusions on flurothyl seizures in adult rats

Abstract There is evidence implicating the nigral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the control seizures. Our previous studies have demonstrated that, in rat pups, intranigrally infused γ-vinyl-GABA (GVG, 5–20 μg) strongly suppresses flurothyl-induced tonic but not clonic seizures. Furthermore, nigral infusions of bicuculline or muscimol abolish the anticonvulsant effect of GVG. In this study, we report that in adult rats bilateral infusions of GVG (20 μg) into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) significantly elevated the thresholds for both clonic and tonic seizures induced by flurothyl. Lower doses (5 and 10 μg) did not significantly protect adult rats against seizures, but there was a significant effect of GVG dose. Unilateral infusion of GVG (20 μg) in the SNR did not alter the thresholds for flurothyl-induced seizures. Intranigral infusions of bicuculline following pretreatment with GVG abolished the protective effect of GVG on flurothyl-induced seizures, indicating that the anticonvulsant effect of GVG is most likely mediated by the nigral GABAA receptor. Intranigral administration of muscimol after GVG pretreatment significantly suppressed flurothyl-induced seizures, but the combined effect of the two drugs was not as strong as that of GVG alone. The data suggest that GVG protects adult rats against flurothyl-induced seizures. In adults, however, the dose of GVG required to protect against both clonic and tonic seizures is higher than that needed in rat pup SNR.
Role of working memory in transformation of visual and motor representations for use in mental simulation.

This study examined the role of visual working memory when transforming visual representations to motor representations in the context of motor imagery. Participants viewed randomized number sequences of three, four, and five digits, and then reproduced the sequence by finger tapping using motor imagery or actually executing the movements; movement duration was recorded. One group viewed the stimulus for three seconds and responded immediately, while the second group had a three-second view followed by a three-second blank screen delay before responding. As expected, delay group times were longer with each condition and digit load. Whereas correlations between imagined and executed actions (temporal congruency) were significant in a positive direction for both groups, interestingly, the delay group’s values were significantly stronger. That outcome prompts speculation that delay influenced the congruency between motor representation and actual execution.
Religiousness, Current Substance Use, and Early Risk Indicators for Substance Abuse in Nursing Students

Nursing students have been targeted by the American Nurses' Association (ANA) for efforts focused on the prevention of substance abuse. This study surveyed 241 nursing students enrolled in their first year of nursing courses at seven faith-based colleges and universities. The purposes were to investigate the prevalence of current substance use and the number of early risk indicators for substance abuse and dependence among nursing students, and to examine the relationships among religiousness, current substance use, and early risk indicators for substance abuse. Efinger's Alcohol Risk Survey, the CAGE Questionnaire, and the Intrinsic/Extrinsic-Revised Scale were used to collect data. Twenty-four percent of respondents reported current substance use, 15% scored in the probable abuse/dependence category: those who were more religious tended to have lower prevalence rates of substance use as well as fewer numbers of early risk indicators.
Distribution, orientations, and ages of mafic dikes in central New England

Geometric data from more than 1,100 localities and 13 radiometric ages have been compiled and measured for post-metamorphic dikes in eastern New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, western Maine, and southern Quebec. Alkalic lamprophyres (monchiquite and camptonite) in Vermont and Quebec form three westward-trending lobate swarms. The northernmost lobe envelops the Monteregian Hills of Quebec, the central lobe crosses the central Lake Champlain Valley into the eastern Adirondacks, and the southernmost lobe crosses the northern Taconic Mountains into New York. These lobes extend from central New England, where numerous alkalic lamprophyre, spessartite, and diabase dikes were intruded in several episodes and orientations during Mesozoic time. Most of the monchiquite dikes are found in the Monteregian and Champlain areas, and with associated camptonite dikes intruded west-northwest– to east-trending regional fractures during Early Cretaceous time. Alkalic lamprophyres of this episode can also be found in New Hampshire and Maine. Most diabase dikes are found east of central Vermont, where they intruded northeast-trending fractures during Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time. Many camptonite and some spessartite dikes in eastern New England and the Taconics lobe have northeast trends and may also be of Early Jurassic age. Extensional stress directions in the New England crust shifted from northwest to north or north-northeast between Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time, as inferred from dike trends. The dikes may delineate extensional fracture zones that also controlled the emplacement of Mesozoic plutons in Quebec and New England.
Preliminary assessment of appropriateness of emergency care service use: actions taken and consultations obtained before emergency care presentation.

Inappropriate use of emergency care services can increase hospital readmissions and related costs. This pilot, cross-sectional survey project determined whether home health care patients who receive emergency care services during a Medicare-approved home care episode sought consultation from health care professionals before they made the emergency care visit. The two research questions were: (a) What actions were taken by the patient before making an emergency care visit?; (b) If prior consultation was obtained, what were the suggestions? Preliminary data were obtained from a Michigan-based, Medicare-certified, not-for-profit home health agency affiliated with a university health system. A two-page questionnaire recorded up to three emergency care visits. Volunteer participants were Medicare patients who had no cognitive deficits and were able to communicate with home health care providers (HHCPs) by themselves. Thirty-five emergency care visits were reported; 31 (88.6%) Medicare patients participated and...
Health care professionals' perceptions and use of the medical orders for scope of treatment (MOST) form in North Carolina nursing homes.

Abstract Objectives To characterize the self-reported practices and opinions of nursing home (NH) health care professionals using the North Carolina Medical Orders for Scope of Treatment (MOST) form, an adaptation of the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) paradigm. Design A cross-sectional survey and semistructured interviews. Participants and Setting Six physicians, 3 nurse practitioners, and 2 social workers from 2 NHs in North Carolina. Measurements Survey items covered timing and appropriateness of form completion, review criteria, barriers, and concerns about using the form. Interviews clarified survey responses and elicited descriptions of how subjects explain the scope of medical interventions to patients/families. Results NH admission and routine care plan meetings were considered the most important times to complete the MOST form. Treatment options on the form were often introduced in the context of patient preferences for hospitalization; however, there were considerable differences in how health care professionals explained and interpreted the scope of medical interventions. Nearly all health care professionals (10/11) believed that the form improves communication between physicians and patients/families. Only 3 of 11 respondents were aware of all of the MOST form’s review requirements. Time was the most commonly cited barrier to use of the form. Respondents were concerned about forms getting lost or not being honored outside of the NH. Conclusion Health care professionals generally viewed the MOST form as a useful tool for communicating patient treatment preferences in the NH. However, they may need specific strategies for explaining and interpreting the scope of medical interventions section and for meeting the form’s review requirements.
Natural Fertility, Birth Spacing, and the “First Demographic Transition”

This is a critique of a study by W. Penn Handwerker concerning the demographic changes that occurred in early humans during the course of the change from mobile foraging to settled food production particularly regarding changes in fertility and birth spacing. A reply by Handwerker (pp. 653-6) is included. (ANNOTATION)
Building Competitive Strength in International Markets

Abstract For a number of years, many large American and European firms have expanded their operations to multiple, international locations and increased the number and types of products/services that are offered in these locales. For some, less than satisfactory performance has been achieved from these efforts. Problems associated with managing the diversity that results from expanding and enhancing product lines and services (brought about through implementation of a diversification strategy) and establishing international locations (called internationalization) may contribute to these performance difficulties. Use of particular structural forms to manage diversity has not succeeded. This paper proposes the development of competitive advantages that can be applied across diverse business units as a means to manage diversity more successfully in large, multinational corporations. These competitive advantages may be achieved in terms of product markets served, technologies used, the dominant logic of key managerial personnel and establishment of corporate level distinctive competencies that can be applied across all of the organization's business.
Quantification of total RNA by ethidium bromide fluorescence may not accurately reflect the RNA mass

The fluorescent signal from purified large and small ribosomal RNA subunits stained with ethidium bromide was quantified using agarose gels and image analysis. A significantly smaller fluorescent signal was observed for 23 S rRNA compared to 16 S rRNA when normalized to mass. Therefore, small changes in amounts of 23 S or 16 S rRNA within a sample can have a profound impact on observed bulk fluorescence. A comparison of 23 S/16 S rRNA fluorescence ratios for 4 marine bacteria grown in batch culture indicates that the lower fluorescence of 23 S rRNA is widespread. The 23 S/16 S rRNA fluorescence ratios also suggest that intracellular concentrations of ribosomal subunits do not always adhere to a stoichiometry of 2.0.
The Optimal Choice of Promotion Vehicles: Front-Loaded or Rear-Loaded Incentives?

We examine the key factors that influence a firm's decision whether to use front-loaded or rear-loaded incentives. When using price packs, direct mail coupons, FSI coupons or peel-off coupons, consumers obtain an immediate benefit upon purchase or a front-loaded incentive. However, when buying products with in-pack coupons or products affiliated with loyalty programs, promotion incentives are obtained on the next purchase occasion or later, i.e., a rear-loaded incentive. Our analysis shows that the innate choice process of consumers in a market (variety-seeking or inertia) is an important determinant of the relative impact of front-loaded and rear-loaded promotions. While in both variety-seeking and inertial markets, the sales impact and the sales on discount are higher for front-loaded promotions than for rear-loaded promotions, from a profitability perspective, rear-loaded promotions may be better than front-loaded promotions. We show that in markets with high variety-seeking it is more profitable for a firm to rear-load, and in markets with high inertia it is more profitable to front-load. Model implications are verified using two empirical studies: (a) a longitudinal experiment (simulating markets with variety-seeking consumers and inertial consumers) and (b) market data on promotion usage. The data in both studies are consistent with the model's predictions.
Effects of Participatory Learning Programs in Middle and High School Civic Education

(1996). Effects of Participatory Learning Programs in Middle and High School Civic Education. The Social Studies: Vol. 87, No. 4, pp. 171-176.
The growing catalog of small RNAs and their association with distinct Argonaute/Piwi family members

Several distinct classes of small RNAs, some newly identified, have been discovered to play important regulatory roles in diverse cellular processes. These classes include siRNAs, miRNAs, rasiRNAs and piRNAs. Each class binds to distinct members of the Argonaute/Piwi protein family to form ribonucleoprotein complexes that recognize partially, or nearly perfect, complementary nucleic acid targets, and that mediate a variety of regulatory processes, including transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing. Based on the known relationship of Argonaute/Piwi proteins with distinct classes of small RNAs, we can now predict how many new classes of small RNAs or silencing processes remain to be discovered.