cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Role for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Increasing the Effectiveness of Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorders

Neurocognitive impairments are prevalent in persons seeking treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These impairments and their physical, social, psychological and occupational consequences vary in severity across persons, much like those resulting from traumatic brain injury; however, due to their slower course of onset, alcohol-related cognitive impairments are often overlooked both within and outside of the treatment setting. Evidence suggests that cognitive impairments can impede treatment goals through their effects on treatment processes. Although some recovery of alcohol-related cognitive impairments often occurs after cessation of drinking (time-dependent recovery), the rate and extent of recovery is variable across cognitive domains and individuals. Following a long hiatus in scientific interest, a new generation of research aims to facilitate treatment process and improve AUD treatment outcomes by directly promoting cognitive recovery (experience-dependent recovery). This review updates knowledge about the nature and course of cognitive and brain impairments associated with AUD, including cognitive effects of adolescent AUD. We summarize current evidence for indirect and moderating relationships of cognitive impairment to treatment outcome, and discuss how advances in conceptual frameworks of brain-behavior relationships are fueling the development of novel AUD interventions that include techniques for cognitive remediation. Emerging evidence suggests that such interventions can be effective in promoting cognitive recovery in persons with AUD and other substance use disorders, and potentially increasing the efficacy of AUD treatments. Finally, translational approaches based on cognitive science, neurophysiology, and neuroscience research are considered as promising future directions for effective treatment development that includes cognitive rehabilitation.
Rheological control of Wadati-Benioff zone seismicity

Intermediate and deep focus earthquakes in Wadati-Benioff zones are considered, and it is suggested that although seismicity in downgoing slabs is restricted to their cold and strong interior, the seismicity distribution is not easily described as being controlled by a single lithospheric strength value. A numerical thermal model is used to compute strength contours for flow law constants reported from laboratory experiments, and it is shown that the expected pressure strengthening is large enough that the slab should have considerable strength well below the deepest seismicity. The results indicate that either a strongly depth-dependent limiting strength in downgoing slabs exists, or factors in addition to strength control the distribution of subduction zone earthquakes.
Distribution of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and the Low Km Form of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Isolated Perivenous and Periportal Hepatocytes in Rats

UNLABELLED Hepatic damage induced by chronic alcohol abuse starts in the perivenous (PV) zone of the hepatic lobule. To explain this vulnerability in the PV zone, periportal (PP) and PV hepatocytes were isolated by digitonin-collagenase perfusion and the distributions of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the low-Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were studied. ADH was measured by three approaches i.e., specific activity, immunoreactive enzyme content and ADH mRNA level. ALDH was determined by specific activity and immunoreactive enzyme content. When compared with PV hepatocytes, isolated PP cells exhibited higher lactate dehydrogenase (PP/PV = 1.3-1.5), higher alanine aminotransferase (PP/PV = 1.7-1.9), but lower glutamine synthase (PP/PV less than 0.01). By prelabeling the PP zone with acridine orange before digitonin-collagenase digestion, flow cytometry indicated that mainly the isolated PP hepatocytes exhibited fluorescence. ADH activities and ADH mRNA levels did not differ in PP and PV cells. With a polyclonal antibody directed specifically against class I ADH, ADH immunoreactive protein also did not differ in PP vs PV cells. By activity assay, the low Km ALDH activities were found to be lower in the PV hepatocytes (PP/PV = 1.3). This was confirmed by immunotransblot with anti-ALDH IgG (PP/PV = 1.6). IN CONCLUSION the preferential damage of the PV zone produced by ethanol is not caused by differences of ADH distribution in liver but could be related partly to a decrease in the low-Km ALDH in the PV zone.
Quantum phases of dipolar spinor condensates

We study the zero-temperature ground state structure of a spin-1 condensate with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions. We show that the dipolar interactions break the rotational symmetry of the Hamiltonian and induce new quantum phases. Different phases can be reached by tuning the effective strength of the dipolar interactions via modifying the trapping geometry. The experimental feasibility of detecting these phases is investigated. The spin-mixing dynamics is also studied.
Use of a Surgical Preparation and Sterile Dressing Change During Office Visit Treatment of Chronic Foot and Ankle Wounds Decreases the Incidence of Infection and Treatment Costs

Foot and ankle surgeons work with a patient population burdened by multiple factors that adversely affect wound healing and the ability to combat infection. As a result, many of these patients are seen for treatment of chronic ulcerations on their lower extremities that are highly susceptible to colonization and possible progression to a limb- and/or life-threatening infection. The Limb Preservation Service at the Madigan Army Medical Center hypothesized that implementation of a standardized protocol involving a formal physician-directed surgical preparation of the affected lower extremity and a physician-applied sterile dressing at each outpatient clinic appointment would reduce the incidence of infection, use of systemic antibiosis, and thus the requirement for frequent follow-up office appointments. Initiation of this protocol resulted in the reduction of infection to the extent that antibiotic need was eliminated. The frequency of office visits required for follow-up was also significantly reduced. This is key in treating a patient population in which the financial burden to treat chronic wounds and associated infections represents a large portion of the health care money spent for their medical care.
Considerations in developing a formally-based visual programming language reference manual: a case study on the SLAM II language

A language reference manual provides a definitive document containing complete and accurate details about the legality and meaning of the language's constructs. Some key decisions in writing a language reference manual are how to specify syntax, how to specify semantics, and how to structure the manual. Some of these components to a language reference manual have been active areas of research in the visual programming language community. The specific issue of how to put these together into a language reference manual has not been a strong part of this discussion. This paper reviews the recent research on specification methods and language presentation, and evaluates these methods for use within a visual programming language reference manual. The suggested specification that results from the evaluation is tested using SLAM II, a visually oriented queuing network simulation language which has enjoyed wide commercial use since its introduction in 1979.
Stimulation of Helix pomatia albumen gland galactogen synthesis by putative neurohormone (galactogenin) and by cyclic AMP analogues

Abstract 1. 1. Synthesis of the galactose homopolymer, galactogen, in Helix pomatia albumen glands is increased by material released from the brain of Helix (Goudsmit, 1975, 1978). 2. 2. Brain homogenates also stimulate galactogen synthesis and do so in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 1). 3. 3. The factor(s) responsible, here named galactogenin , is found in the supernatant fraction of brain homogenates. 4. 4. Gel filtration of brain supernatant fraction on either Bio-Gel P-10 or Sephadex G-50 separates two bioactive peaks, one in the void volume, and the other in the included volume (Figs 2 and 3). On Bio-Gel P-10 the included peak behaves like a 3000–6000 dalton polypeptide, whereas on Sephadex G-50 the included peak occurs at an estimated molecular weight of 6000–10000 daltons. 5. 5. Cyclic AMP analogues (10 −3 M dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 10 −3 M 8-bromo cyclic AMP) mimic the effect of galactogenin (Figs. 4 and 5). 6. 6. Theophylline (10 −3 M) mimics the effect of galactogenin and enhances the stimulatory effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and 8-bromo cyclic AMP (Fig. 5). 7. 7. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the effect of galactogenin is mediated by cyclic AMP functioning as a second messenger.
Norm inequalities which yield inclusion for Euler sequence spaces

Abstract In this paper, we have obtained inclusion among Euler sequence spaces by establishing inequalities in Orlicz-Luxemburg norm. Our first result generalizes a result of Chandra and Mohapatra [1, Theorem 4].
Analyzing signatures of aerosol‐cloud interactions from satellite retrievals and the GISS GCM to constrain the aerosol indirect effect

[1] Evidence of aerosol-cloud interactions is evaluated using satellite data from MODIS, CERES, and AMSR-E; reanalysis data from NCEP; and data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies climate model. We evaluate a series of model simulations: (1) Exp N, aerosol direct radiative effects; (2) Exp C, like Exp N but with aerosol effects on liquid-phase cumulus and stratus clouds; and (3) Exp CN, like Exp C but with model wind fields nudged to reanalysis data. Comparison between satellite-retrieved data and model simulations for June to August 2002 over the Atlantic Ocean indicate the following: a negative correlation between aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and cloud droplet effective radius (R eff ) for all cases and satellite data, except for Exp N, a weak but negative correlation between liquid water path (LWP) and AOT for MODIS and CERES, and a robust increase in cloud cover with AOT for both MODIS and CERES. In all simulations, there is a positive correlation between AOT and both cloud cover and LWP (except in the case of LWP-AOT for Exp CN). The largest slopes are obtained for Exp N, implying that meteorological variability may be an important factor. On the basis of NCEP data, warmer temperatures and increased subsidence were found for less clean cases (AOT > 0.06) that were not well captured by the model. Simulated cloud fields compared with an enhanced data product from MODIS and AMSR-E indicate that model cloud thickness is overpredicted and cloud droplet number is within retrieval uncertainties. Since LWP fields are comparable, this implies an underprediction of R eff and thus an overprediction of the indirect effect.
Depth profiling block copolymer microdomains

We have studied the microdomain pattern in a block copolymer system using a recently developed imaging technique. We observe pronounced registry of microdomains from layer to layer, the propagation and evolution of disclinations, and novel morphologies which form at the edge of an island. The imaging of the microdomains is achieved with a nonselective etching technique which smoothly etches away sufficient material to expose the underlying microdomain layer to the surface. Using a low-voltage, high-resolution scanning electron microscope, we image the microdomains of this exposed layer which have been tagged with a staining agent.
Effect of Maternal Dietary Triiodothyronine on Embryonic Physiology of Turkeys

Abstract The objective of the present experiment was to feed triiodothyronine (T3) to lines of turkey breeders selected for egg production and growth, and an unselected control line. The data were collected to determine a genetic basis for thyroid-mediated maternal effects on embryonic physiology and livability. At 30 wk of age, turkeys of the three lines were photostimulated and half of each line was fed a diet containing .5 ppm T3. Maternal dietary T3 increased egg weight, reduced yolk solids and eggshell conductance constants, and increased albumen solids and water in eggs in all lines compared with control eggs. Hatchability in all lines was not affected by the dietary treatment (Control = 72.2%; T3 treatment = 70.7%), but there was a significant interaction between dietary T3 and line of turkey for the time of embryonic mortality, time of hatching, and carbohydrate metabolism of the embryo. The T3 increased mortality of the Egg line and unselected line during pipping, increased mortality of the Growth line in the plateau stage, but decreased its mortality during internal pipping. Reduced glycogen in liver as well as a reduced gluconeogenesis were evident in embryos of the two selected lines fed T3. It is concluded that genetic lines may have different metabolic patterns based on their genetic constitution in order to compensate for variations in egg solids and eggshell conductance constants. The metabolic patterns are reflected in different levels of embryonic blood plasma glucose, glycogen, and gluconeogenesis.
An information system for developing information systems

This paper considers a paradigm for the development of software through the use of a complete, integrated-design database. A prototype information system for the implementation of information management systems is then described. This tool manages the requirement definitions, the process and data flow, and all design and operational documentation. Using a relational-data model and program specifications, it generates programs in a selected target language. The results of two years' production use are presented, and the potential for transfer of the concept is examined.
From Urban Homelessness to Rural Work: International Origins of the Orphan Trains

Try to imagine, if you will—the ‘‘Age of Revolutions’’—a time when political ideologies collided throughout the world. During the mid-nineteenth century, Great Britain’s era of colonialism was at its apex under Queen Victoria’s reign, Napoleon was in power after the French Revolution, China was in the midst of repeated rebellions, and Russian Tsar Alexander II ended serfdom to stave off an uprising. In the United States, abolitionists in the North were speaking out against slavery in the South, while in the West, the Gold Rush followed after Texas and California were annexed from Mexico. In the most powerful nations throughout the world, the Industrial Revolution was transforming societies from predominately agrarian to manufacturing, Darwin’s theory of evolution was being debated, and Dickens was a popular writer. It was against this backdrop that the story of Charles Loring Brace, a prominent social reformer, took place. In a nutshell, between 1854 and 1929, Brace and the Children’s Aid Society he founded were responsible for the mass relocation of an estimated 200,000 orphaned, abandoned, and homeless children from New York City to less densely populated areas of the United States on what later became known as ‘‘the orphan trains’’ (National Orphan Train Complex 2010). Over the years, what Brace referred to as his ‘‘Emigration Plan’’ has been portrayed in film, recorded through the work of various historical societies, and highlighted in children’s books. In 1978, there was a fictional mini-series, Orphan Train, starring Jill Eikenberry, Glen Close, and Kevin Dobson that dramatized this era in
Weak Corrections to Associated Higgs-Bottom Quark Production

In models with an enhanced coupling of the Higgs boson to the bottom quark, the dominant production mechanism in hadronic collisions is often the partonic subprocess, $bg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}bH$. We derive the weak corrections to this process and show that they can be accurately approximated by an ``improved Born approximation.'' At the Tevatron, these corrections are negligible and are dwarfed by PDF and scale uncertainties for ${M}_{H}l200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. At the LHC, the weak corrections are small for ${M}_{H}l500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. For large Higgs boson masses, the corrections become significant and are $\ensuremath{\sim}18%$ for ${M}_{H}\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ at $\sqrt{s}=10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$.
MAGNETIC SCATTERING OF NEUTRONS BY EXCHANGE-COUPLED LATTICES

The magnetic scattering of slow neutrons of arbitrary initial polarization by an extensive class of magneticallycoupled lattices is treated by a time-dependent operator approach for the case of complete orbital quenching of the magnetic ions. This magnetic scattering is carefully divided into purely magnetic and magneto-vibrational scattering, the types thereof involving, respectively, only zerophonon processes and solely nonzero-phonon processes; general formulas for these two types of scattering are obtained. These formulas are applied in temperature regions which are sufficiently large (I) or sufficiently small (II) compared with the temperature above which paramagnetism obtains. In region 1, for the purely magnatic scattering and under certain invariance requirements on the above magnetic coupling, the energy spectrum of outgoing initially unpolarized neutrons of sufficiently high incident energy is analyzed by a moment method. Thus general formulas are obtained for the energy- integrated effective differential cross section and for the moments of energy transfer. These formulas involve certain spin averages; explicit equations are given for a wide range of these averages for exchange-coupled lattices. These results are illustrated numerically and compared with experiment for the case of polycrystalline MnF/sub 2/. In region II, certain broad features of the purely magnetic one-magnon scattering of arbitrarilymore » polarized neutrons by exchange- coupled lattices of the class alluded to previously and by more complex ones are discussed; this scattering is studied in detail for ferromagnets and certain antiferromagnets. A new spin-wave effect is pointed out for polarized neutrons incident on ferromagnets. Brief treatments of the magnetovibrational scattering in regions I and II are also given. (auth)« less
Dietary protein and serum electrophoretic patterns of the adult rat.

SummaryThe effects of inanition, acute and chronic protein depletion and of repletion with several levels of protein on distribution of serum proteins in the adult rat have been investigated by filter paper electrophoresis. Decreases in the albumin, α1-, α2- and β-globulin fractions were observed following depletion regimens. Purified diets containing 17% or more of casein not only restored all values to normal, but elicited significant increases in total serum protein concentrations. A differential response of the α2-globulin fraction upon repletion occurred between groups previously subjected to acute and to chronic depletion. Significantly increased A/G ratios were found in groups repleted with a diet of natural products. Rate of depletion was found to exert a pronounced effect on hematocrit values.
An examination of environmental forces driving change and stakeholder responses in a Football Championship Subdivision athletic department

Change is a constant in the sport industry, with numerous forces driving and inhibiting the change process. To add to our conceptual understanding of forces driving and inhibiting change, this qual...
Formation of headspace volatiles by thermal decomposition of oxidized fish oilsvs. oxidized vegetable oils

To understand the reasons for differences in oxidative stability among edible oils, the temperature dependence was investigated for the development of volatile lipid oxidation products in fish oils and in vegetable oils. A rapid headspace capillary gas chromatographic method was developed to determine volatile oxidation products of omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fats (pentane and hexanal) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fats (propanal) at different decomposition temperatures. Headspace gas chromatographic analyses of partially oxidized menhaden, bonita and sardine oils could be performed at 40°C, whereas soybean, canola, safflower, high-oleic sunflower and high-oleic safflower oils required temperatures greater than 100°C. Volatile formation by thermal decomposition of oxidized oils had lower apparent activation energies in fish oils than in vegetable oils, and significantly higher apparent activation energies in high-oleic oils than in polyunsaturated oils. The activation energy data on headspace volatiles provided another dimension toward a better understanding of the thermal stability of flavor precursors in unsaturated fish and vegetable oils.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF RELAXTN-INDUOED GROWTH OF THE PUBIC LIGAMENT IN MICE1

Using the x-ray measurement of interpubic distance as an assay procedure, it was found that purified relaxin which is of low potency in mice can be enhanced in activity by delaying its absorption from the site of injection. Of the depot media and binding agents which were tested, the most effective was a suspension of lyophilized relaxin in 5% beeswax and oil, which produced a 65-fold increase in assay potency. In contrast, the mouse-active fraction of sow ovaries, which is notabty less soluble than relaxin, was not potentiated by the depot medium. It was therefore concluded that the growth response of the pubic ligament can be obtained with depot relaxin, and that the mouse-active fraction represents a more slowly mobilized form of relaxin. The relationship of these findings to the interpretation of bioassay data was discussed, and a modified procedure was suggested to provide a quantitative assay of relaxin in mice.
Expression of zfh-4, a new member of the zinc finger-homeodomain family, in developing brain and muscle.

We have identified zfh-4, a new member of a recently recognized zinc finger-ho-meodomain (zfh) family of putative transcription factors. Zfh-4 expression is prominent in developing muscle and brain. In both tissues, zfh-4 RNA levels are highest embryonically, then decrease gradually to barely detectable levels in adults. In myogenic cell lines, far more zfh-4 is expressed in proliferating myoblasts than in myotubes, suggesting a cellular basis for the developmental regulation observed in vivo. In contrast, zfh-4 RNA in brain is more abundant in postmitotic cells of the marginal zone than in proliferating cells of the ventricular zone. Within the brain, zfh-4 RNA is regionally localized: expression is highest in mid-brain, readily detectable in hindbrain, and very low in cerebral cortex. Its patterns of expression, and its homology to known DNA binding proteins, support the idea that zfh-4 may be a regulator of gene expression in developing brain and muscle. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Display requirements for the physician's office

This paper presents a summary of the experience gained in operating a medical information system in a rural private physician's office. In particular, data is presented on this operational system which should be helpful to designers for defining the requirements of patient interactive devices.
Specific HIV gp120-cleaving Antibodies Induced by Covalently Reactive Analog of gp120

We report the results of efforts to strengthen and direct the natural nucleophilic activity of antibodies (Abs) for the purpose of specific cleavage of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 coat protein gp120. Phosphonate diester groups previously reported to form a covalent bond with the active site nucleophile of serine proteases (Paul, S., Tramontano, A., Gololobov, G., Zhou, Y. X., Taguchi, H., Karle, S., Nishiyama, Y., Planque, S., and George, S. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 28314-28320) were placed on Lys side chains of gp120. Seven monoclonal Abs raised by immunization with the covalently reactive analog of gp120 displayed irreversible binding to this compound (binding resistant to dissociation with the denaturant SDS). Catalytic cleavage of biotinylated gp120 by three monoclonal antibodies was observed. No cleavage of albumin and the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor was detected. Cleavage of model peptide substrates occurred on the C-terminal side of basic amino acids, and Km for this reaction was approximately 200-fold greater than that for gp120 cleavage, indicating Ab specialization for the gp120 substrate. A hapten phosphonate diester devoid of gp120 inhibited the catalytic activity with exceptional potency, confirming that the reaction proceeds via a serine protease mechanism. Irreversible binding of the hapten phosphonate diester by polyclonal IgG from mice immunized with gp120 covalently reactive analog was increased compared with similar preparations from animals immunized with control gp120, indicating induction of Ab nucleophilicity. These findings suggest the feasibility of raising antigen-specific proteolytic antibodies on demand by covalent immunization.
Trial-type probability and task-switching effects on behavioral response characteristics in a mixed saccade task

Eye movement circuitry involved in saccade production offers a model for studying cognitive control: visually guided prosaccades are stimulus-directed responses, while goal-driven antisaccades rely upon more complex control processes to inhibit the prepotent tendency to look toward a cue, transform its spatial location, and generate a volitional saccade in the opposite direction. By manipulating the relative probability of these saccade types, we measured participants’ behavioral responses to different levels of implicit trial-type probability and task-switching demands in conditions with relatively long inter-trial fixation and trial-type cue lengths. Results indicated that when prosaccades were less probable in a run, more prosaccade errors were generated; however, for antisaccades, trial-type probability had no effect on the percent of correct responses. For reaction times, specifically in runs with a larger probability of antisaccade trials, latencies increased for both anti- and pro-saccades. Furthermore, task switching resulted in a lower percentage of correct responses on switched trials, but a prior antisaccade trial led to slower reaction times for both trial types (i.e., a task switch cost for prosaccades and switch benefit for antisaccades). These findings indicate that cognitive control demands and residual inhibition from antisaccades alter performance relative to trial-type probability and task switching within a run, with the prosaccade task showing greater susceptibility to the influence of a large probability of cognitively complex antisaccades.
Blind image deconvolution for symmetric blurs by polynomial factorization

ABSTRACT In image acquisition, the captured image is often the re- suit of the object being convolved with a blur. Deconvoiu-tion is necessary to undo the effects of the blur. However, in reality we often know very little of its exact struc-ture, and therefore we have to perform blind deconvolu-tion. Most existing methods are computationally inten- sive. Here, we show that if the blur is symmetric, we havean efficient algorithm for deconvolution based on polyno- mial factorization in the z-domain. 1. INTRODUCTION In imaging using a diffraction-limited system with inco-herent light, the object and the image intensities are re- lated by g = h * f + n, where f is the object, g is the observed image, h is the intensity impulse response, andn is the additive noise.1 They are sampled on a regu-lar grid. h essentially blurs the object, and our goal isto recover f given oniy g. This is therefore a blind de-convolution problem, where we seek to deconvolve g toobtain a close approximation to the object f without anexact knowledge of the degradation h. This problem isespecially important for digital photography. Successful
Newly defined toxic α-helical prion protein monomer: implications for other neurodegenerative diseases?

Prion diseases are lethal infectious neurode -generative diseases affecting both animals and humans. In humans, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is sporadic, affecting mainly people over 60 years of age, and it is either iatrogenic or genetic with a penetrance of 1. While scrapie in sheep seems to be nontransmissi -ble to humans, bovine spongiform encepha -lopathy, a disease that ravaged British and, to a lesser extent, European cattle herds in the 1990s, is a zoonosis. Chronic wasting disease in cervids is a concern as the disease is geographically expanding in the USA.Prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation, in brain and lymphoid tis-sue, of PrP
Does Math Achievement "h'APP'en" when iPads and Game-Based Learning Are Incorporated into Fifth-Grade Mathematics Instruction?

After 10 years of No Child Left Behind standards-focused education, mathematics scores have improved only marginally for elementary-aged students. Students who developed a solid conceptual mathematics foundation at the elementary level succeeded later in higher-level mathematics courses; thus, educators have sought ways to increase mathematics achievement, especially among elementary school students. Educators have utilized advances in technology with gamebased learning applications and wireless Internet access to create exciting interactive learning opportunities for students that may translate into student achievement. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to examine the effects of iPad use as a 1-to-1 (1:1) computing device on 5th-grade students’ mathematics achievement in two rural Virginia elementary schools. A nonequivalent groups pretest and posttest design was used with 104 fifth-grade students. For one academic quarter of nine weeks, the experimental group used iPads as 1:1 computing devices daily during mathematics class while the control group members did not. A pretest was administered before the iPad intervention and a posttest was administered after the iPad intervention. The change from pretest to posttest was not significantly different between the two groups as measured by a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Recommendations for future study include increasing the intervention duration, using additional participants, collecting qualitative data, and providing students with continuous 24-hour, seven-day-a-week iPad access.
Aberrant substrate engagement of the ER translocon triggers degradation by the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase

Little is known about quality control of proteins that aberrantly or persistently engage the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized translocon en route to membrane localization or the secretory pathway. Hrd1 and Doa10, the primary ubiquitin ligases that function in ER-associated degradation (ERAD) in yeast, target distinct subsets of misfolded or otherwise abnormal proteins based primarily on degradation signal (degron) location. We report the surprising observation that fusing Deg1, a cytoplasmic degron normally recognized by Doa10, to the Sec62 membrane protein rendered the protein a Hrd1 substrate. Hrd1-dependent degradation occurred when Deg1-Sec62 aberrantly engaged the Sec61 translocon channel and underwent topological rearrangement. Mutations that prevent translocon engagement caused a reversion to Doa10-dependent degradation. Similarly, a variant of apolipoprotein B, a protein known to be cotranslocationally targeted for proteasomal degradation, was also a Hrd1 substrate. Hrd1 therefore likely plays a general role in targeting proteins that persistently associate with and potentially obstruct the translocon.
Proteomic analysis of cold adaptation in a Siberian permafrost bacterium – Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255–15 by two-dimensional liquid separation coupled with mass spectrometry

Bacterial cold adaptation in Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255–15 was studied on a proteomic scale using a 2-D liquid phase separation coupled with MS technology. Whole-cell lysates of E. sibiricum 255–15 grown at 47C and 257C were first fractionated according to pI by chromatofocusing (CF), and further separated based on hydrophobicity by nonporous silica RP HPLC (NPS-RPHPLC) which was on-line coupled with an ESI-TOF MS for intact protein Mr measurement and quantitative interlysate comparison. Mass maps were created to visualize the differences in protein expression between different growth temperatures. The differentially expressed proteins were then identified by PMF using a MALDI-TOF MS and peptide sequencing by MS/MS with a MALDI quadrupole IT TOF mass spectrometer (MALDI-QIT-TOF MS). A total of over 500 proteins were detected in this study, of which 256 were identified. Among these proteins 39 were cold acclimation proteins (Caps) that were preferentially or uniquely expressed at 47C and three were homologous cold shock proteins (Csps). The homologous Csps were found to be similarly expressed at 47C and 257C, where these three homologous Csps represent about 10% of the total soluble proteins at both 47C and 257C.
Advances and Challenges in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Profiling for Clinical Applications

Recent advances in proteomics technologies provide tremendous opportunities for biomarker-related clinical applications; however, the distinctive characteristics of human biofluids such as the high dynamic range in protein abundances and extreme complexity of the proteomes present tremendous challenges. In this review we summarize recent advances in LC-MS-based proteomics profiling and its applications in clinical proteomics as well as discuss the major challenges associated with implementing these technologies for more effective candidate biomarker discovery. Developments in immunoaffinity depletion and various fractionation approaches in combination with substantial improvements in LC-MS platforms have enabled the plasma proteome to be profiled with considerably greater dynamic range of coverage, allowing many proteins at low ng/ml levels to be confidently identified. Despite these significant advances and efforts, major challenges associated with the dynamic range of measurements and extent of proteome coverage, confidence of peptide/protein identifications, quantitation accuracy, analysis throughput, and the robustness of present instrumentation must be addressed before a proteomics profiling platform suitable for efficient clinical applications can be routinely implemented.
Towards flapping wing control for a micromechanical flying insect

Considers a 2 DOF resonant thorax structure signed and fabricated for the MFI project. Miniature piezoelectric PZN-PT unimorph actuators were fabricated and used to drive a four-bar transmission mechanism. The current thorax design utilizes two actuated four-bars and a spherical joint to drive a rigid wing. Rotationally compliant flexure joints have been tested with lifetimes over 10/sup 6/ cycles. Wing spars were instrumented with strain gauges for force measurement and closed-loop wing control.
Perceiving without Learning: From Spirals to Inside/Outside Relations

As a benchmark task, the spiral problem is well known in neural networks. Unlike previous work that emphasizes learning, we approach the problem from a generic perspective that does not involve learning. We point out that the spiral problem is intrinsically connected to the inside/ outside problem. A generic solution to both problems is proposed based on oscillatory correlation using a time delay network. Our simulation results are qualitatively consistent with human performance, and we interpret human limitations in terms of synchrony and time delays, both biologically plausible. As a special case, our network without time delays can always distinguish these figures regardless of shape, position, size, and orientation.
Associations of Family and Peer Experiences with Masculinity Attitude Trajectories at the Individual and Group Level in Adolescent and Young Adult Males

Data were drawn from 845 males in the National Survey of Adolescent Males who were initially aged 15-17, and followed-up 2.5 and 4.5 years later, to their early twenties. Mixed-effects regression models (MRM) and semiparametric trajectory analyses (STA) modeled patterns of change in masculinity attitudes at the individual and group levels, guided by gender intensification theory and cognitive-developmental theory. Overall, men's masculinity attitudes became significantly less traditional between middle adolescence and early adulthood. In MRM analyses using time-varying covariates, maintaining paternal coresidence and continuing to have first sex in uncommitted heterosexual relationships were significantly associated with masculinity attitudes remaining relatively traditional. The STA modeling identified three distinct patterns of change in masculinity attitudes. A traditional-liberalizing trajectory of masculinity attitudes was most prevalent, followed by traditional-stable and nontraditional-stable trajectories. Implications for gender intensification and cognitive-developmental approaches to masculinity attitudes are discussed.
Tree adjunct grammars

In this paper, a tree generating system called a tree adjunct grammar is described and its formal properties are studied relating them to the tree generating systems of Brainerd (Information and Control14 (1969), 217-231) and Rounds (Mathematical Systems Theory 4 (1970), 257-287) and to the recognizable sets and local sets discussed by Thatcher (Journal of Computer and System Sciences1 (1967), 317-322; 4 (1970), 339-367) and Rounds. Linguistic relevance of these systems has been briefly discussed also.
Toward a model for Arf GTPases as regulators of traffic at the Golgi.

In this review, I summarize the likely roles played by ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) proteins in the regulation of membrane traffic at the Golgi, from the perspective of the GTPase. The most glaring limitations to the development of a coherent molecular model are highlighted; including incomplete information on the initiation of Arf activation, identification of the “accessory proteins” required for carrier maturation and scission, and those required for directed traffic and fusion at the destination membrane. Though incomplete, the molecular model of carrier biogenesis has developed rapidly in recent years and promises richness in understanding this essential process.
IRRESPONSIBLE LOVE: RETHINKING INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, HUMANITY AND THE CHURCH1

This review essay considers three recent studies at the intersection of theology and intellectual disability. All three authors work out constructive proposals against a background of literature in which Nancy Eiesland and Stanley Hauerwas are central. Each explores the nature of intellectual disability through interdisciplinary study and draws this work into conversation with classical Christian theology. The essay welcomes these three books, and also suggests ways in which their constructive proposals might be strengthened. In particular, their use of resources within late ancient Christian tradition fails to take into account some of the doctrinal formulations most congenial to their projects.
Local, regional and national experiences on bridging: US perspectives

Introduction: Bridge building work in the US is primarily local and voluntary, involving professionals at individual agencies and organizations (public and private) who work towards specific goals. However, federal mandates intended to reduce nursing home admissions and increase access to home and community based services through new model collaboration programs are hastening this work. Description of policy practice: Successful short-term ‘grassroots’ coalitions advocating for specific health insurance benefits and program funding for poor older adults and people with disabilities are common in all regions, but rarely build permanent bridges across networks. Voluntary cross-network collaborations, such as the Partners III program in Virginia (1993–1996), successfully established regionally specific long-term alliances. Nationally, the federal government is pilot testing 140 Ageing and Disability Resource Centres (ADRC’s) to facilitate permanent cross-network collaboration through coordination of consumer information and referrals across service systems. Financial and technical assistance is provided ADRC’s; interim results are positive. Conclusions: Sustainment of cross-network bridges is a priority. Discussion: Voluntary cross-network collaborations are difficult to sustain long-term and are dependent on interest, leadership, perceived professional need, and funding support. Federal intervention and commitment to bridge historical service network ‘silos’ may create institutional change that fosters greater cross-network collaboration.
Quadriceps femoris muscle angle: normal values and relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures.

The quadriceps femoris angle ("Q angle") has been implicated as a source of several knee disorders, but values for normal knees have not been adequately documented in the literature. This study was designed to provide clinicians with normal values and information regarding the relationships between Q angle, gender, and selected anatomical measurements. The Q angles of 100 individuals (50 men, 50 women), who had no history of knee disorders, were measured goniometrically. The hip widths and femur lengths of all subjects were measured with calipers. The mean Q angle for women was 15.8 +/- 4.5 degrees and for men was 11.2 +/- 3.0 degrees. Using a point biserial correlation, we found a relationship between gender and Q angle (r = -.517) that remained significant (p less than .01) when the effects of femur length and hip width were controlled. The relationships identified between Q angle and the anatomical measurements were no longer significant when the effect of gender was eliminated. The results substantiate the belief that women have larger Q angles than men, but they fail to provide clinicians with an anatomical explanation or new predictor of Q angle.
Productive vocabulary across discourse types

One of the most illuminative predictors of oral performance, lexical diversity (LD), is often neglected or, when used, it is often estimated incorrectly. In this study, we used dedicated software that combines an algebraic transformation model and curve fitting to explore whether there are differences in LD among four types of discourse (procedural discourse, single picture descriptions, story telling, and recounts) and to assess to what extent age influences LD when using each of the aforementioned types of discourse. A LD hierarchy was found with discourse. However, age influenced LD for specific types of discourse. Clinical implications will be discussed.
Oral Hermeneutics During the Transition to Literacy: The Contemporary Debate

In Ways with Words, Shirley Brice Heath tells the story of a black preacher's reaction to her annotated transcript of his sermon. When he saw his sermon and accompanying chants in transcribed, annotated form he said, "It's dead. You can't do that" (Heath 1983:389). The preacher's reaction prompted Heath to discontinue the practice of annotating her transcriptions. An ethnographer and scholar of black homiletics who is himself a black preacher cites only the dialogue as it actually occurred and not, "what it might become," or "how it might be heavied up for the intellectual expectations of a reader rather than a hearer." Ultimately, he proposes, the dialogue sermon indigenous to black preaching cannot survive the translation into writing. "A free black dialogue cannot be written until it has taken place, and reduced to writing, it loses the essence of what it was. Anything else must be classified as written for reading" (Mitchell 1970:16). These examples suggest the complexity of all discourse: oral, written, and, as often as not, compounds of oral and written such as those exemplified by black preaching. In what follows I will argue that one of the longstanding problems posed by oral discourse is first and foremost a hermeneutic problem. A transcription of oral discourse, regardless of its precision and faithfulness to the original, creates a text"-something written to be read"--out of what is not a text. Like those elusive transcribers-or composers?-of Homeric oral literature, today's ethnographers are instruments of a transition to literacy. The ethnographer of speaking replicates or in some cases reinvents procedures that first evolved during the transition to literacy (Havelock 1982:131, 288-305) in the 5th century B.C.
Clusterin Gene in Rat Sertoli Cells Is Regulated by a Core-Enhancer Element

Clusterin is a ubiquitous glycoprotein that is promiscuously expressed at a low basal level but can be highly induced by a variety of stress conditions. In contrast, in some secretory cells associated with tissue-fluid interfaces such as the Sertoli cells in the testis, clusterin demonstrates high constitutive expression. In this study, we address the mechanisms that regulate the constitutive expression of the clusterin gene by using primary cultures of immature rat Sertoli cells. We have identified a region of the rat clusterin gene promoter that activated transcription only in Sertoli cells and that mapped between positions 2426 and 2311. Sequence analysis of this region revealed a high concentration of potential regulatory elements. Using gel-shift assays combined with hydroxyl radical footprinting, we identified the elements recognized by the Sertoli cell nuclear factors. Comparison of the interactions with this region of the nuclear factors from different cell types demonstrated that recognition of the core-enhancer element is specific for the Sertoli cells, and in vitro, the core region was recognized by the transcription factor CBF. Transient transfections showed that a core enhancer is responsible for more than a half of the total promoter activity and is an essential element for the cell-specific activity of the Sertoli-specific region. In addition to the core enhancer, tandem Sp1 sites are also required for maximal activity of this region. Sertoli cells, testes
Fear, food, sex and parental care: a syndrome of boldness in the fishing spider, Dolomedes triton

We studied individual variation in the antipredator response of the fishing spider, D. triton, in a variety of developmental and behavioural contexts. We examined our data with respect to two general hypotheses: (1) startled spiders should modulate their boldness according to context-specific variables (e.g. developmental stage, feeding opportunities, mating opportunities, parental investment, body condition, etc.), and/or (2) an individual spider's boldness will be consistent (i.e. positively correlated) across contexts such that boldness in any given context is well predicted by boldness in other contexts. We found some support for the former, context-specific hypothesis and strong support for the latter, ‘behavioural-syndromes’ hypothesis. While spiders were significantly bolder in the presence versus absence of prey, boldness did not fluctuate with developmental stage, mating opportunities, parental investment or condition in the manner predicted. Instead, boldness in adult spiders was well predicted by a syndrome of positively correlated bold behaviours across functional contexts. We suggest that animal behaviour most often reflects a combination of context-specific behavioural optimization and context-general expression of behavioural syndromes, as was seen in this experiment. We further suggest that disentangling the relative magnitude of these two general mechanisms in a wide variety of taxa, covering many behavioural-ecological contexts, will provide great insights into (1) population ecology (e.g. the success of invasive/pest species and the failure of threatened species), (2) community ecology (e.g. species coexistence, trophic dynamics), and (3) evolutionary ecology (e.g. evolution of the multivariate behavioural phenotype).
Asbestos-induced lung epithelial permeability : potential role of nonoxidant pathways

Asbestos fibers are an important cause of lung fibrosis; however, the biological mechanisms are incompletely understood. The lung epithelium serves an important barrier function in the lung, and di...