cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Antisocial Behavior among Urban Youth in Public Housing

This study assesses whether the influences of attitude towards deviance, exposure to delinquent peers and parental supervision and encouragement on antisocial behavior are moderated by depressive symptoms. Two hundred and thirty eight African American adolescents ages 13–19 from three public housing developments participated in this study. Results indicate that approximately half of the youth did not engage in antisocial behaviors in the last year. Gender, depression, attitudes and peers were significant correlates of antisocial behavior. Parental supervision and encouragement, and age were not related to antisocial behavior. Interaction effects suggest that the relative influences of attitudes towards deviance and delinquent peers on antisocial behaviors depend upon gender and level of depression symptoms. Implications for social work practice and future research are discussed.
The effect of ionic interactions on the oxidation of metals in natural waters

The effect of ionic interactions of the major components of natural waters on the oxidation of Cu(I) and Fe(II) has been examined. The various ion pairs of these metals have been shown to have different rates of oxidation. For Fe(II), the chloride and sulfate ion pairs are not easily oxidized. The measured decrease in the rate constant at a fixed pH in chloride and sulfate solutions agrees very well with the values predicted. The effect of pH (6 to 8) on the oxidation of Fe(II) in water and seawater have been shown to follow the rate equation -d in [Fe(II)]/dt = k1β1αFe/[H+] + k2β2αFe/[H+]2 where k1 and k2 are the pseudo first order rate constants, β1 and β2 are the hydrolysis constants for Fe(OH)+ and Fe(OH)0. The value of αFE is the fraction of free Fe2+. The value of k1 (2.0 ±0.5 min−1) in water and seawater are similar within experimental error. The value of k2 (1.2 × 105 min−1) in seawater is 28% of its value in water in reasonable agreement with predictions using an ion pairing model. For the oxidation of Cu(I) a rate equation of the form −d ln [Cu(I)]/dt = k0αCu+ k1β1αCu[Cl] was found where k0 (14.1 sec−1) and k1 (3.9 sec−1) are the pseudo first order rate constants for the oxidation of Cu+ and CuCl0, β1 is the formation constant for CuCl0 and αCu is the fraction of free Cu+. Thus, unlike the results for Fe(II), Cu(I) chloride complexes have measurable rates of oxidation.
Petrography and mineral chemistry of the composite Deboullie pluton, northern Maine, U.S.A.: Implications for the genesis of CuMo mineralization

Abstract Biotite and apatite mineral chemistry, particularly halogen abundances and ratios, are used to investigate the relation of the two contrasting parts of the Deboullie composite pluton (syenite-granodiorite) located in northern Maine. Biotite mineral chemistry helps to classify the weakly developed porphyry-style mineralization (CuMo) associated with syenitic rocks of the Deboullie pluton. Unmineralized syenite consists of K-feldspar+plagioclase+quartz+biotite+hornblende±clinopyroxene and minor amounts of apatite, titanite, magnetite, zircon and allanite. Biotite and apatite occur within the matrix of the rocks and within small multiphase inclusions hosted by clinopyroxene. The inclusions are interpreted to be crystallized melt inclusions rather than solid inclusions, that were trapped by clinopyroxene during growth. The multiphase inclusions consist of K-feldspar+quartz+biotite+apatite+magnetite. The F contents of biotite display a strong positive correlation with the phlogopite component, or Xphl [Xphl=Mg/(sum octahedral cations)]. Biotites from the multiphase inclusions have higher F contents and higher values of F ( F + Cl + OH ) and Xphl than biotites in the matrix that presumably formed later during crystallization and/or re-equilibrated with late-stage fluids. Contents of TiO2 largely overlap for the inclusion and matrix biotite. Apatite compositions plot within the fluorapatite field [ F ( F + Cl + OH ) = 0.57−0.99] . Apatites in the multiphase inclusions have higher Cl contents than apatites in the matrix or those enclosed in biotite. Biotite-apatite geothermometry for the multiphase inclusions yields magmatic or near-magmatic temperatures (725–850°C); biotite-apatite pairs outside the inclusions yield temperatures that range from near-magmatic (600–775°C) to much lower ( ( X F X Cl ) and Xphl was used to infer HF/HCl fugacity ratios in associated hydrothermal fluids, and indicates that biotite from the Deboullie pluton is strikingly similar to biotite from the porphyry-Cu deposit at Santa Rita, New Mexico, but distinctly different from biotite from the porphyry-Mo deposit at Henderson, Colorado. The assemblage quartz+magnetite+titanite implies an oxidation state for the Deboullie pluton well above the quartz-magnetite-fayalite buffer, which is also consistent with magmas associated with porphyry-Cu deposits. On a regional scale, biotite compositions from granitic plutons in Maine do not vary in a systematic manner. This implies that biotite compositions no longer directly reflect source compositions. Finally, biotite and apatite compositions of the syenite and granodiorite are different; compositional ranges in the granodiorite are more restricted than those in the syenite. This provides evidence that the two parts of this composite pluton had different origins and are not related by crystal fractionation.
Site of actinomycin-resistant RNA synthesis in animal cells.

Abstract RNA synthesized in animal cells in the presence of high doses of actinomycin had many of the properties associated with hnRNA. The nucleoplasm was established as the site of this synthesis, as determined by radioautography and by differential extraction. No synthesis was observed in nucleoli. Therefore this RNA, which was unmethylated, did not represent abortively synthesized incomplete ribosomal RNA chains. Resistance to ethidium bromide also ruled out mitochondria as the site of synthesis of this RNA. RNA synthesized in the presence of actinomycin like hnRNA was resistant to inhibition by cordycepin. RNA synthesized in the presence of actinomycin contained a ribonuclease-resistant core. When first synthesized this RNA was associated with a high molecular weight RNA which was degraded rapidly. This unique species of RNA synthesized in the nucleoplasm of animal cells may exert a control function in the transcription of hnRNA in the cell nucleus or may play a role in the transport of mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.
The ethics of democratic persuasion and the Birmingham crisis

In 1963 Birmingham was convulsed by racial turmoil. This paper explores the rhetorical ethics which influenced this historical crisis.
An Alternative to Additional SO3 Injection for Fly Ash Conditioning

ABSTRACT Small concentrations, approximately 2-10 parts per million (ppm), of injected sulfur trioxide (SO3) have improved particulate collection efficiencies of electrostatic precipita-tors burning lower-sulfur coal. However, the addition of extra SO3 not only incurs costs but also presents negative environmental effects. This work explored a method that could be applied to existing coal-fired power plants to convert the sulfur dioxide (SO2) already present in the flue gas to sufficient levels of SO3 for fly ash conditioning as an alternative to adding SO3 by burning elemental sulfur. During this research, a pre-mixed natural gas flame was used to promote the conversion of SO2 to SO3 in a drop-tube furnace with average non-flame, free stream gas temperatures of 450 and 1000 K. SO3 concentrations measured by wet chemistry and confirmed using elemental balances of other sulfur species measured by gas chromatography revealed that as much as 7% of SO2 was homogeneously transformed to SO3. The results also sh...
Implementing an optical CNOT using spatial parity qubits

We describe an optical implementation of a CNOT gate in which the control qubit is the polarization of a single photon and the target qubit is the spatial parity of the same photon. The gate is implemented with a polarizationsensitive spatial light modulator. We characterize the operation of the gate using quantum process tomography and the spatial parity is analyzed with a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We also demonstrate the CNOT-gate operation with arbitrary rotation of the target qubit and discuss the possibility of implementing multi-qubit CNOT gates using the same approach.
A Unified Effort to Fight an Enemy of Wheat and Barley: Fusarium Head Blight.

Abstract Wheat and barley are critical food and feed crops around the world. Wheat is grown on more land area worldwide than any other crop. In the United States, production of wheat and barley contributes to domestic food and feed use, and contributes to the export market and balance of trade. Fifteen years ago, Plant Disease published a feature article titled “Scab of wheat and barley: A re-emerging disease of devastating impact”. That article described the series of severe Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics that occurred in the United States and Canada, primarily from 1991 through 1996, with emphasis on the unparalleled economic and sociological impacts caused by the 1993 FHB epidemic in spring grains in the Northern Great Plains region. Earlier publications had dealt with the scope and damage caused by this disease in the United States, Canada, Europe, and China. Reviews published after 1997 further described this disease and its impact on North American grain production in the 1990s. This article r...
Numerical modeling of a moving boundary diffusion/drift problem

Abstract We have modeled numerically the redistribution by diffusion and drift of impurities during epitaxial growth of semiconductors. We use a Crank-Nicholson scheme with dynamically adjusted time increment. The coupling between the redistribution of the charged impurities and the electric field is accounted for by solving the nonlinear Shockley-Poisson equation for an arbitrary doping profile by means of a quasi-linearization scheme. The combination of large gradients and a moving boundary necessitates a dynamically adjusted nonuniform mesh in the finite difference schemes. Except for some occasionally occurring spurious ripples, which are accounted for by stability arguments, the results are physically real and can explain some experimentally observed features[1].
Novel photon blockade schemes for thermal link applications

Optical refrigerator is based on an optical heat removal from a cooling element by satisfying conditions of anti-Stokes fluorescence. This imposes a challenge of optically shielding a payload from the anti-Stokes radiation. Therefore, a link between the cooling element and a payload (the thermal link) has to exhibit high thermal conductivity while blocking the fluorescence and scattered laser light in a non-absorbing manner. In this paper we examine photon blockade structures ranging from textured kinks to hybrid systems involving light-shedding geometries and semiconductor-based epitaxially-grown distributed Bragg mirrors.
Aberrant splicing in adult onset glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII): molecular identification of an IVS1 (– 13T→G) mutation in a majority of patients and a novel IVS10 (+ 1GT → CT) mutation

Two newly identified splice site mutations (IVS1 -13T-->G and IVS10 +1GT-->CT) were found in a patient with adult onset of the autosomal recessive disorder glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII). The IVS1 -13T-->G transversion in the acceptor splice site was found on one allele in over two thirds of adult onset GSDII patients studied (28/41), but was not seen in 58 normal or 12 infantile onset GSDII chromosomes. Molecular analysis of cDNA from the index patient and four additional, ethnically different, individuals carrying the IVS1 -13T-->G transversion showed splicing out of the first coding exon as well as rare utilization of a cryptic splice site in the exon. An IVS10 +1GT-->CT transversion, unique to the index patient, was detected on the second chromosome. The IVS10 +1GT-->CT results in splicing out of exon 10 including part of the enzyme catalytic site. Additionally, a large deletion encompassing exon 18, previously described in four unrelated patients, was also detected in three unrelated adult GSDII patients, two of whom carried the IVS1 -13T-->G transversion. The frequency of the IVS1 splice site mutation suggests that detection of this mutation could potentially aid in the diagnosis of the phenotypically variable syndrome of adult onset GSDII. The finding that the -13T-->G mutation is a very common mutation in adult onset GSDII patients of varying ethnic and racial backgrounds, suggests that it is either an ancient mutation or confers a selective advantage. Although to our knowledge these are the first splice site mutations to be reported for GSDII, additional splice site mutations are likely and could provide the basis for later onset disease in GSDII.
Efficacy of disinfectants containing accelerated hydrogen peroxide against conidial arthrospores and isolated infective spores of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton sp.

Background Accelerated hydrogen peroxide is a proprietary disinfectant formulation that is available for both commercial and home use and is labelled as antifungal. Hypothesis/objectives To determine the antifungal efficacy of accelerated hydrogen peroxide disinfectants against Microsporum and Trichophyton spp. Methods Three products formulated as ready to use and three concentrates were used. Concentrates were tested at dilutions of 1:8, 1:16 (recommended dilution) and 1:32. One product was a surgical instrument disinfectant. Sterile water, sodium hypochlorite (1:32 dilution) and over-the-counter 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as controls. Conidial suspensions contained ~9.6 × 10(5) /mL Microsporum canis, ~1.0 × 10(7) /mL M. gypseum or ~2.0 × 10(7) /mL Trichophyton sp. and were tested at 1:10 dilution. Isolated infective spore suspensions of M. canis from an untreated cat and T. erinacei from an untreated hedgehog were tested at 1:10, 1:5 and 1:1 spore-to-disinfectant dilutions. Results Too many colonies to count were present on untreated control plates. Accelerated hydrogen peroxide and household hydrogen peroxide inhibited growth of both pathogens in conidial (1:10 dilution) and spore suspensions (1:10, 1:5 and 1:10 dilution). There was no lack of efficacy of products that were >12 months old. Conclusions and clinical importance Accelerated hydrogen peroxide products are an option for environmental disinfection of surfaces exposed to M. canis and Trichophyton sp. after appropriate gross decontamination and mechanical cleaning with a detergent. The results from conidial testing were identical to those of isolated infected spore testing, which suggests that accelerated hydrogen peroxide products with label claim as antifungal against Trichophyton mentagrophytes may be suitable as an alternative disinfectant to sodium hypochlorite.
Progression of aortic stenosis in adults: Newappraisal using doppler echocardiography

This study examined progression of aortic stenosis (AS) as assessed by Doppler echocardiography. One hundred twelve consecutive adult patients had calcific AS and underwent three examinations during a mean 25-month period (range 7 to 54 months). At the time of entry into the study, mean values for initial peak aortic velocity and ejection fraction (EF) were 2.9±0.7 m/sec and 63±10%, respectively; 52% of the patients were symptomatic. At the third examination the percentage of symptomatic patients increased to 65% ( p =0.0039 compared to baseline values), and the aortic peak velocity increased to 3.3±0.8 m/sec ( p p
Input modeling: input model uncertainty: why do we care and what should we do about it?

An input model is a collection of distributions together with any associated parameters that are used as primitive inputs in a simulation model. Input model uncertainty arises when one is not completely certain what distributions and/or parameters to use. This tutorial attempts to provide a sense of why one should consider input uncertainty and what methods can be used to deal with it.
Pragmatism in Neoclassical Thought

A prima facie case is made that neo‐classical thinking is meaningfully influenced by the philosophy of pragmatism. Three major aspects of this philosophy are considered based on the writings of leading pragmatists and instrumentalists such as James and Dewey. These aspects include the cosmology, the axiology and the methodology of pragmatism. The ways in which these three aspects manifest themselves in neoclassical thought are then examined and identified. Among other things it is concluded that a certain unresolved tension exists within the pragmatist′s view which is also carried over into economic thinking. This tension at least partly accounts for the existence of neo‐institutionalists who likewise claim a pragmatist influence in their work but who are critical of neoclassical thought. The article concludes by pointing out some problems in this philosophy.
Diacylglycerol kinase ζ regulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase Iα by a novel mechanism

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) plays an important role during actin polymerization and is produced by the type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5KI), which are activated by phosphatidic acid (PA). As diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) generate PA by phosphorylating diacylglycerol (DAG), we investigated whether DGKs were involved in controlling PIP2 levels by regulating PIP5KI activity. Here we show that expression of DGKζ significantly enhances PIP5KIα activity in thrombin-stimulated HEK293 cells, and DGK activity is required for this stimulation. We also observed that DGKζ co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized with PIP5KIα, suggesting that they reside in a regulated signaling complex. To explore the role of DGKζ in actin polymerization, we examined the subcellular distribution of DGKζ, PIP5KIα and actin, and found that these proteins co-localized with actin in lamellipodial protrusions. Supporting that PIP5KIα regulation occurs at the sites of actin polymerization, we found that PIP2 also accumulated in the actin-rich regions of lamellipodia. Significantly, in wounding assays, DGKζ, PIP5KIα and PIP2 accumulated at the leading edge of migrating A172 cells, where massive actin polymerization is known to occur. Combined, these data support a novel function for DGKζ: by generating PA, it stimulates PIP5KIα activity to increase local PIP2, which regulates actin polymerization.
The US National Library of Medicine in the 21st century: expanding collections, nontraditional formats, new audiences

From the early 1960s, the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) has been a leader in applying computer technology to accomplish traditional bibliographic and reference functions. medline, in the early 1970s, was the first large-scale online medical bibliographic reference system. That role has been altered by today's Web environment, which has increased the number and extent of NLM services and the audience for them. The NLM has formally declared that it will seek to serve the general public after over a century of serving the library and medical communities exclusively. In the last several years, many new services have been introduced to fulfil this mandate, including medlineplus and ClinicalTrials.gov. Also a part of the NLM's vision for the 21st century is the need to ensure that the proliferating forms of electronic health information-bibliographic, full text, graphic, audiovisual-are captured and preserved for posterity. A national library such as the NLM has as much an archival responsibility for this electronic information as for centuries-old printed and manuscript historical treasures.
Helix packing in subunit a of the Escherichia coli ATP synthase as determined by chemical labeling and proteolysis of the cysteine-substituted protein.

Subunit a of the Escherichia coli ATP synthase is thought to control access of protons to the ring of c subunits during proton-driven ATP synthesis. In this study, the surface exposure of subunit a in the periplasm has been examined using 3-N-maleimidyl-propionyl biocytin labeling in cells permeabilized by polymyxin B nonapeptide, and the helix packing at the periplasmic surface has been probed by metal-chelate mediated proteolysis. Eighteen residues between 119 and 146 were changed individually to cysteine and tested for accessibility. Positions labeled included D124 and D146, indicating a periplasmic loop of at least 23 amino acids. Residues near the ends of the transmembrane spans were tested with 5-(α-bromoacetamido)-1,10-phenanthroline-copper for chemical proteolysis. Only residues W241C and D44C, and to a lesser extent I43C, led to proteolytic fragments after oxidation. The fragments were sized by comparison with molecular weight standards generated by Factor Xa sites engineered into subunit a. Frag...
Acute Delayed Infection: Increased Risk in Failed Metal on Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty

Adverse local tissue reactions occurring in metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (MoM THA) could potentially lead to secondary failure modes such as dislocation or infection. The authors report a series of 124 patients treated with MoM hip arthroplasty between 2006 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Eight hips presented with acute delayed or late periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) (defined as an infection occurring after 3 months in an otherwise well functioning implant). The rate of infection observed was higher than expected, almost 4 times higher (5.6%) compared to previous historical cohorts from our institution (1.3%). This high risk of infection in patients with DePuy ASR implants requires further study but we theorize that the increased prevalence of infection could be due to a combination of particulate debris, molecular (rather than particulate) effects of Co and Cr ions on soft tissues, and/or products of corrosion that may change the local environment predisposing to infection.
The effect of gamma radiation on the diffusion of tritium in 304 stainless steel

Abstract The effect of gamma radiation on the diffusion of tritium in 304 stainless steel at 300 K was examined experimentally. Samples were recoil injected with tritium using the 6Ll(n3α) 3H reaction prior to placement in the 60Co facility where the exposure rate was 4 × 10 R/hr . Samples were removed at the end of 5, 10, and 30 days for electrochemical sectioning to determine the tritium diffusion profiles. Comparison of the profiles to those of control samples not exposed to the gamma radiation showed no effect in the region below the oxide. The samples removed at the end of 5 and 10 days showed reduced tritium retention in the oxide region. The samples removed at the end of 30 days showed the opposite effect, increased retention in the oxide layer of the irradiated samples.
Patterns of image comparison using compare and contrast feature in Urinalysis Tutor

This study examined how students interacted with a computer-based feature, Compare and Contrast, which facilitated image comparisons. Unlike previous research, which explored the use of images ordered and presented by investigators, this study examined emerging patterns of image comparison as students selected the presentation mode. Three main image-viewing modes emerged including one successive mode and two simultaneous modes: (1) single image viewing in which only one image was viewed at a time; (2) paired viewing in which different pairs of images were displayed; and (3) anchored viewing in which a single image in one image panel served as an anchor against which multiple image comparisons were made using the second panel. Overall, anchored viewing was the most predominant image-viewing mode used by the students (41%) compared to single viewing (22%) and paired viewing (11%). Students who viewed images in the anchored-viewing mode attained the highest scores on the post-test exam. Our study suggests that a computer instructional program with a user-controlled interactivity feature can provide insights on how learners form different types of visual comparison strategies. Future experimental studies involving interface design that explicitly supports single, paired, and anchored viewing modes could confirm or challenge the results of our study and therefore, contribute to on-going research on the effective mode of image presentation for visual concept acquisition.
From bedside to classroom: From expert back to novice

Abstract For the nursing profession to be successful, qualified educators are needed in the academic setting. The supply of such educators is affected by both the clinical and educational preparation of potential candidates. Many nurses with expertise in the clinical setting are being recruited for these positions, however for these clinicians to become expert teachers require strategies that will foster development.
Instrumentation of digital gray-scale US.

Modern, high-resolution, gray-scale, ultrasound (US) imaging equipment is computer based, with all hardware signal processing functions under software control. This systems architecture permits maximum flexibility in function, rapid upgrades, and reliable performance. With modern US equipment, the spatial dimensions of the analog image are transformed into a digital matrix of picture elements (pixels). The volume of tissue, or voxel, that contributes to the echo amplitudes received from each pixel depends crucially on the section (ie, "slice") thickness at the voxel depth. Partial volume effects are more likely to occur in a longer voxel located at a depth outside the section thickness focal zone. The echo signal voltage, or amplitude, is acquired by an analog-to-digital converter simultaneously with the pixel location of the image echo origin. The most accurate echo amplitudes (with least partial volume averaging) occur at the highest image magnification when the voxel dimensions are the smallest in and ...
Cell specific differences in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity and removal of O6-methylguanine in rat pulmonary cells

Previous studies have demonstrated that cell specificity exists for the alkylation of DNA from lung cells following treatment of rats with the tobacco specific carcinogen 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The concentration of the promutagenic adduct O6-methylguanine (O6MG) was found to be greatest in Clara cells followed by macrophages, type II cells and alveolar small cells. The purpose of this study was to measure the activity of the repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (O6MGMT) and to determine whether differences exist for the removal of O6MG among pulmonary cell types. Constitutive activity of O6MGMT was 2-fold greater in macrophages and type II cells than alveolar small cells and Clara cells. Treatment for 4 days with NNK (10 mg/kg/day) had no effect on O6MGMT activity in macrophages, but decreased activity in alveolar small cells and type II cells by 57 and 84%, respectively. O6MGMT activity was reduced to below limits of detection in Clara cells following treatment with NNK. The effect of NNK on O6MGMT activity was consistent with rates of removal of O6MG in macrophages and Clara cells. The loss of O6MG from DNA of macrophages followed first order kinetics (t1/2 = 48 h) while very little loss of this adduct was observed in Clara cells over an 8 day period following cessation of carcinogen treatment. Even though O6MGMT activity was reduced in alveolar small cells and type II cells, approximately 90% of the O6MG bound to DNA in these cell types was removed within 8 days after treatment was discontinued. The loss of O6MG from pulmonary cells appears to result largely from the removal of this adduct by O6MGMT since rates of cell turnover were very low (0.5-1.5%/day) in the lung and were not affected by treatment with NNK. This study indicates that the activity of O6MGMT and the rate of resynthesis of this repair enzyme differ considerably among pulmonary cells following the methylation of DNA. The high concentration of O6MG in Clara cells and the low rate of repair of this promutagenic adduct may be critical factors in the potent pulmonary carcinogenicity induced by the tobacco specific carcinogen NNK.
Holographic interferometry - Errors caused by thermal gradients in holographic plates

Thermal effects as sources of errors in holographic interferometry are illustrated on an example of reflection holography patterns obtained on graphite-epoxy specimens exposed before and after compressive loading. The numerical interpretation of the obtained holograms indicated some peculiar unexpected thickness changes in the specimen. In addition, some patterns showed random occurrence of zones of low and zero contrast. These discrepancies occurred usually in the first of the two exposures and were traced to thermal warping and thermal relaxation patterns caused by small temperature gradients that resulted from heat transfer to the photographic plates during their installation. Suggested precautions to minimize thermal effects include using thick holographic plates (photographic plates attached to glass plates) and insulated gloves during handling and allowing time to establish thermal equilibrium before the exposure.
A variable beamwidth millimetric wave antenna

A preliminary investigation of a millimeter wavelength antenna based upon the optical zoom lens system is presented. The antenna consists of an axial lens system of four elements and possesses a beamwidth that can be continuously varied over a range of 7.7 to 1 at 140 Gc and 5.3 to 1 to 70 Gc by the proper axial motion of its lens elements. An analysis based upon both visible and microwave optics is presented which provides approximate expressions for the beamwidth and gain variations in terms of the positions of the lenses of the system.
Additional applications of approved radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear cardiology

Radionuclide studies of the heart and blood vessels provide information for patient management as well as an understanding of patient-specific pathophysiology. The information gleaned from these studies may be enhanced by using more than a single tracer or by making multiple measurements with a single radiopharmaceutical (similar to measuring thallium redistribution). After more than 40 years of clinical use (Valenta et al., Curr Cardiol Rep 15:344, 2013), the examination with the most clinical value continues to be myocardial perfusion imaging for detection of myocardial ischemia and scar. New techniques, however, are available to expand the application of approved radiopharmaceuticals in patients with heart disease. This manuscript will present recent developments in two areas: (1) Evaluation of mitochondrial function or sympathetic innervation in patients with heart failure (HF). In this case, radionuclide techniques provide data that adds significant predictive value to functional parameters, such as left ventricular ejection fraction, to identify HF patients at high risk of clinical events. (2) Direct evaluation of focal vascular inflammation, microcalcification and calcification in patients with dyslipidemia. Localization and characterization of the intensity of inflammation, or early phases of calcification in atheroma, may permit more personalized therapy than can be obtained from traditional measurements of lipid levels in patients with dyslipidemia. Ultimately, characterizing atheroma, especially in the coronary and carotid arteries, may be the imaging approach of choice to permit effective pharmacologic therapy geared at reducing the incidence and severity of clinical events.
Theoretical analysis of the junction discontinuity between a straight and a curved section of rectangular waveguide

The asymptotic form of orthonormal eigenfunctions in the curved guide is obtained, and an integral equation is set up for the junction field. The latter is found as a power series in theguide curvature, and the first-order coefficient is determined explicitly. The odd-order mode-conversion coefficients are found to the first order and vary asymptotically as the inverse cubeof the mode order. A variational technique then determines the reflection coefficient exactly, to the second order in the curvature expansion parameter. The junction parameters are found to this order of accuracy, and are shown to involve a junction transformer which represents the radiation coupling between the dominant modes in the straight and curved guide sections. The even-order mode-conversion coefficients are found by a formulation analgous to that used for the reflection coefficient, and are shown to vary as the square of the curvature and asymptotically asthe inverse cube of the mode number. The form of the junction field is determined and is shown to possess a logarithmic singularity in its second derivative at the guide wall.
Evaluating a community oriented primary care program: Lessons learned through a theory-oriented approach

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to shed a new light on an evaluation of an experimental Community Oriented Primary Care (COPC) program. The authors speculate on how applying social science theory to this evaluation might have improved a project aimed at developing a COPC practice in a San Francisco community. The intent of the paper is not to argue for or against the relevance of one social science theory over the other, but rather to examine more broadly how a heoryoriented approach could be used to enhance program evaluation. Implications for future COPC program implementations are derived from a theoretical perspective that juxtaposes COPC program theory with key components of Bandura's (1977) social learning theory. The authors conclude that had social learning theory been used to guide the COPC project, more positive program outcomes would have occurred. The utility of the theory-oriented approach and recommendations for COPC program implementation are discussed.
The Family Background and Attitudes of Teen Fathers.

A greater percentage of teen fathers than of teenagers who are not fathers come from poor and unstable households whose members are less educated. Generally speaking, for Whites, being a teenage father is associated with having a low self-esteem, an external locus of control, and conservative sex-role attitudes, whereas for Blacks, it is not. Data are from the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experiences—Youth Cohort.
Methadone Maintenance and Breastfeeding in the Neonatal Period: In Reply

We thank the writers for their commentary regarding our article titled “Methadone Maintenance and Breastfeeding in the Neonatal Period.” The writers are correct that we have suggested a positive (but not statistically significant) association between reduced severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and …
A LGA model for dispersion in heterogeneous porous media

The lattice gas automaton (LGA) model proposed in the previous paper is applied to the problem of simulating dispersion and mixing in heterogeneous porous media. We demonstrate here that tracer breakthrough profiles and longitudinal dispersion coefficients can be computed for heterogeneous porous media.
Influence of admixtures on the morphology of calcium hydroxide formed during tricalcium silicate hydration

Abstract An optical microscopy study has shown that the growth pattern of calcium hydroxide formed during the hydration of tricalcium silicate paste was strongly influenced by the presence of inorganic and organic admixtures. Morphological differences of calcium hydroxide are represented by three groups based on the c to a crystallographic axis ratio and a fourth an irregular morphology. The influence of admixtures on the number and size of calcium hydroxide crystals formed during hydration was also determined.
Predation by Rattus norvegicus on a native small mammal in an Araucaria araucana forest of Neuquén, Argentina

Pocos estudios anteriores documentan predacion por Rattus como mecanismo de impacto sobre los mamiferos pequenos nativos. En un bosque mixto de Araucaria araucana (Molina) Koch -Nothofagus de Parque Nacional Lanin al suroeste de la provincia del Neuquen, Argentina, encontramos los cadaveres del raton topo grande, Chelemys macronyx Thomas, almacenados en una cueva de la rata noruega, Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout. Discutimos esta evidencia de la depredacion a la luz de la biologia de Rattus y la ecologia de invasion. La depredacion en pequenos mamiferos nativos por las ratas invasoras esta facilmente subestimada o pasada por alto. Este tema merece una atencion mas cuidadosa.
Conservation Deficits for the Continental United States: an Ecosystem Gap Analysis

Few attempts have been made to analyze the status of conservation efforts at a continental scale, mainly because of the lack of high-quality data sets at this scale. Given that land management agencies want to prioritize conservation efforts and spend limited resources wisely, we recognized the need to undertake a national gap analysis. We developed the most detailed national vegetation cover map feasible to analyze the degree of representation of ecosystem analysis units (an initial representation of ecosystem types) in the network of conservation lands for the continental United States. We combined The Nature Conservancy's ecoregions with the natural land-cover types of the National Land Cover Data Set and examined the conservation status of each combination. The majority of ecosystem analysis units have a small percentage of their total area residing in lands that are managed to support biodiversity. The median percentage of area conserved on status 1 and 2 lands (highest of four levels of protection) as designated by the Gap Analysis Program for the 554 ecosystem analysis units is 4.0% (SD 18.1%). This finding, which highlights our national conservation deficits, points to the need to address the size and diversity of the conservation estate.
Duration of nocturnal tooth contacts during bruxing.

11. Ogus, HD, and Toiler, PA: Common disorders of the temporomandibular joint. Dental Practitioner Handbook No. 26, 1981. Oberg, T, Carlsson, GE, and Fajers, CM: The temporomandibular joint--A morphological study on human autopsy material. Acta Odontol &and 29:349, 1971. Griffin, CJ. Hawthorn R, and Harris, R: Anatomy and histology of the human temporomandibular joint. Monogr Oral Sci 4~1, 1975. Smith, RJ: Mandibular biomechanics and temporomandibular function in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 49:341, 1978. Boering, G Anatomical and physiological considerations regarding the temporomandibular joint. Int Dent J 29:245, 1979. Kivirikko, KI: Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in health and disease. Int Rev Connect Tissue Res 5:93, 1970. Bergman, I, and Loxley, R: The determination of hydroxyproline in urine hydroxysates. Clin Chim Acta 27:347, 1970. Prockop, DJ, Kivirikko, KI, Tuderman, L, and Guzman, NA: The biosynthesis of collagen and its disorders. N Engl J Med 30:13, 1979. Munksgaard, EC, Rhodes, M, Mayne, R, and Butler, WT: Collagen synthesis and secretion by rat incisor odontoblasts in organ culture. Eur J Biochem 82:609, 1978. Crouch, E, and Bornstein, P: Collagen synthesis by human amniotic fluid cells in culture: Characterization of procollagen with three identical proalpha 1 (I) chains. Biochemistry 17~5499, 1978 Narayanan, AS, and Page, RC: Biochemical characterisation of collagens synthesised by hbroblasts derived from normal and diseased human gingiva. J Biol Chem 251:5464, 1976. 12.
Research on patient classification for drug users in the DARP.

In the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) research on evaluation of treatment effectiveness, a major effort has been devoted to patient classification using Admission Report data relating to the pretreatment background and status of patients. In two previous evaluation studies based on DARP Cohort 1 samples [1,2], the concept of homogeneous grouping of patients proved to be informative and useful in predicting differential outcomes in treatment. Due to the addition of new agencies and revisions in admission policies in those agencies continuing in the program during Cohort 2, however, there was a question regarding whether or not the same strategy should be employed as for Cohort 1. More specifically, it was a question of whether the patient types developed for the earlier cohort were still fully applicable.
Game-theoretic analysis of advance reservation services

In many services, such as cloud computing, customers have the option to make reservations in advance. However, little is known about the strategic behavior of customers in such systems. In this paper, we use game theory to analyze several models of time-slotted systems in which customers can choose whether or not making an advance reservation of server resources in future time slots. Since neither the provider nor the customers know in advance how many customers will request service in a given slot, the models are analyzed using Poisson games, with decisions made based on statistical information. The games differ in their payment mechanisms, and the main objective is to find which mechanism yields the highest average profit for the provider. Our analysis shows that the highest profit is achieved when advance reservation fees are charged only from customers that are granted service. Furthermore, informing customers about the availability of free servers prior to their decisions do not affect the provider's profit in that case.
Visual loss and getting lost in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: AD causes patients to get lost in familiar surroundings, in part because of visuospatial disorientation from parieto-occipital involvement. Parieto-occipital cortex analyzes the radial patterns of visual motion that create optic flow and guide movements through the environment by showing one’s direction of self-movement. Objective: To determine whether AD patients are impaired in perceiving the visual patterns of optic flow, suggesting a perceptual mechanism of visuospatial disorientation. Methods: We studied the ability of young normal subjects, elderly normal subjects, and AD patients to see and interpret visual patterns, including the radial motion of optic flow. Each person sat in front of a panoramic computer display and gave push-button responses to indicate their perception of the projected visual stimuli. Spatial navigation was tested by asking questions about a recently traversed path. Results: Half of the AD subjects showed impaired optic flow perception that was associated with poor performance on the spatial navigation test, even though their perception of simple moving patterns was relatively preserved. Some AD subjects also showed a separate impairment in interpreting optic flow, so that they could not use those stimuli to judge their direction of self-movement. Conclusions: AD greatly impairs the ability to see the radial patterns of optic flow. This may interfere with the use of visual information to guide self-movement and maintain spatial orientation.
Male behavior through the breeding season in Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis.

The Bolivian squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) is a seasonal breeder. Male squirrel monkeys show distinct morphological and behavioral changes prior to and during the breeding season. A "fatting syndrome" includes increased body weight, increased levels of androgens, and in the Bolivian subspecies, an increasingly active role in the social organization of the group. In this study, the behavior of ten adult male Bolivian squirrel monkeys was analyzed over a 6-month period prior to, during, and after the breeding season. Each was housed as the only adult male in a breeding unit with six to ten adult females and one juvenile male. Employing a principle components method, 11 behavioral clusters were generated from 27 responses. Their activity clusters were identified as follows: sexual activity that showed a peak around the time of peak conceptions; excitatory activity that was initially high but decreased throughout the breeding season; and maintenance activity that did not change across the breeding season. The changing social behavior of the male squirrel monkey parallels physiological changes and is correlated with changing androgen levels.
The effects of integrals on the totality of solutions of dynamical systems

Regions of possible motions are established for dynamical systems possessing time-independent Hamiltonians or for systems which are reducible to that form by means of integrals of the motion using only extended point transformations. The method is applied to the problem of three bodies in a plane and surfaces of zero velocity are found. The governing parameters are the energy, angular momentum and the masses of the participating bodies. The analytical and geometrical properties of these surfaces provide qualitative results for given constants of the motion.
Purification and properties of a protamine kinase and a type II casein kinase from bovine kidney mitochondria

Abstract Bovine kidney mitochondrial extracts contain an inactive protamine kinase and an inactive casein kinase. The protamine kinase was activated by chromatography on poly( l -lysine)-agarose. Two forms of this soluble mitochondrial protamine kinase were separated by chromatography on protamine-agarose. Both forms were purified about 80,000-fold to apparent homogeneity. Both forms of the protamine kinase consist of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent Mr ~ 45,000. Both enzyme forms underwent autophosphorylation without significant effect on activity, and both forms exhibited identical substrate specificities. The protamine kinase showed little activity toward branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase ( l -lysine)-agarose. The enzyme was purified about 80,000-fold to apparent homogeneity. It exhibited an apparent Mr 130,000 as determined by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 in the presence of 0.5 m NaCl. Two subunits, with apparent Mr's 36,000 (α) and 28,000 (β) were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The kinase underwent autophosphorylation of its β-subunit, without significant effect on activity. Casein kinase activity was inhibited 50% by 1.5 μg/ml of heparin. Spermine (1.0 m m ) stimulated activity of the purified kinase two- to threefold at 1.5 m m Mg2+. Half-maximal stimulation occurred at 0.1 m m spermine. The kinase utilized both ATP and GTP as substrates. The casein kinase showed little activity (
Resistivity in percolation networks of one-dimensional elements with a length distribution

One-dimensional (1D) nanoelements, such as nanotubes and nanowires, making up percolation networks are typically modeled as fixed length sticks in order to calculate their electrical properties. In reality, however, the lengths of these 1D nanoelements comprising such networks are not constant, rather they exhibit a length distribution. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied the effect of this nanotube and/or nanowire length distribution on the resistivity in 1D nanoelement percolation networks. We find that, for junction resistance-dominated random networks, the resistivity correlates with root-mean-square element length, whereas for element resistance-dominated random networks, the resistivity scales with average element length. If the elements are preferentially aligned, we find that these two trends shift toward higher power means. We explain the physical origins of these simulation results using geometrical arguments. These results emphasize the importance of the element length distribution in determining the resistivity in these networks.