cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Spectral-Domain OCT Ellipsoid Zone Area and Shape Measurements in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose We investigate the ellipsoid zone (EZ) area and EZ boundary shape measurement reliability and the operability characteristics of two methods of EZ boundary delineation in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods EZ boundaries in SD-OCT scans of 122 eyes from 64 subjects with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa were delineated by three raters using two methods, termed the profile and en face methods. For each method, we determined the measurement reliabilities for boundary area (EZ area) and boundary shape, percentage of eyes with measurable EZ (measurability), time required, and effect of rater experience. Results With expert raters, inter- and intrarater area intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were 0.986 and 0.980 (profile) and 0.959 and 0.976 (en face), respectively. In comparison, the corresponding shape ICCs were 0.906 and 0.891 (profile) and 0.845 and 0.885 (en face), indicating lower reliability for the raw measurements (P ≤ 0.01). Only profile method interrater reliability depended on experience. Average measurement times per eye were 8.2 (profile) and 4.1 (en face) minutes. Measurability percentages were 99.2% (profile) and 73.0% (en face). Conclusions The slower profile method had better measurability, and with expert raters yielded the best area and shape reliabilities. The faster, but less sensitive, en face method still showed excellent reliability, and was less dependent on experience. Shape analysis reveals the boundary measurements underpinning EZ area have lower reliability than suggested by area analysis. Translational Relevance This study provides new reliability perspectives and logistical considerations for the manual measurement procedures that generate EZ area outcome measures.
Early diagnosis of infantile-onset lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in the advent of available enzyme replacement therapy

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive disorder that can present as a severe, infantile form also known as Wolman disease. We sought to determine the outcomes and clinical needs of infants diagnosed with LAL-D, treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A chart review was conducted on two infantile-onset LAL-D patients to determine clinical outcomes based on laboratory results, abdominal imaging, growth and dietary records, cardiology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, hematology, and neurocognitive evaluations. Two patients, both diagnosed and treated before 6 months old, demonstrated clinical improvement following weekly ERT. They required dosage increases to optimize growth and symptomatology. Both received a formula low in long chain triglycerides and high in medium chain triglycerides, an intervention that allowed significant catch-up growth. Patient 1 required treatment for partial adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism. Both patients demonstrated reduction in liver and spleen size and varying degrees of improved liver function. Neither experienced serious adverse reactions to ERT. ERT has led to longer and healthier survival of affected infants. It is imperative that dietary interventions and systemic clinical care become integral to the management. Continued evidence of survival and clinical improvement in this population, coupled with available mass spectrometry enzyme assay from dried blood spots, raises the question of this rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder’s candidacy for newborn screening.
Different reactivation procedures enable or prevent episodic memory updating.

The present study asked whether the specific method of reactivation modulates the impact of new learning on reactivated episodic memories. The study consisted of three sessions that were spaced 48 hr apart. It used an ABAC paradigm that allowed for the simultaneous assessment of retroactive interference (RI: reduced A-B recall after A-C learning) and intrusions from C into A-B recall. In Session 1, participants learned a list of paired-associates A-B. In Session 2, memory for A-B was reactivated or not and then participants either learned a second list of paired-associates A-C or completed a control task. Three different reminder conditions were compared to a no-reminder condition: a test condition, in which participants were asked to recall B in response to A, a restudy condition, in which A-B pairs were presented again for study, and a cue-word only reminder condition, in which A cues were presented in an unrelated rating task. In Session 3, recall of A-B was tested. Moderate or indirect reactivation of A-B (presentation of cue-words only) resulted in high RI effects and intrusion rates, whereas strong and direct reactivation (test and restudy) drastically reduced these effects. We suggest that direct reactivation of A-B before A-C learning strengthens memory and draws attention to list differences, thereby enhancing list segregation, and reducing memory updating.
Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.

A nearly 20-year hiatus in major seismic activity in southern California ended on 4 July 2019 with a sequence of intersecting earthquakes near the city of Ridgecrest, California. This sequence included a foreshock with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.4 followed by a Mw 7.1 mainshock nearly 34 hours later. Geodetic, seismic, and seismicity data provided an integrative view of this sequence, which ruptured an unmapped multiscale network of interlaced orthogonal faults. This complex fault geometry persists over the entire seismogenic depth range. The rupture of the mainshock terminated only a few kilometers from the major regional Garlock fault, triggering shallow creep and a substantial earthquake swarm. The repeated occurrence of multifault ruptures, as revealed by modern instrumentation and analysis techniques, poses a formidable challenge in quantifying regional seismic hazards.
Dr. Barry C. Cooper's reply.

I am responding to Dr. Joseph Cohen’s letter to the editor concerning the CRANIO CONCEPTS article I authored, An Orofacial Pain Specialty: An Asset or Liability to Dentistry and the Public, CRANIO ...
Ethical Implications for Preserving the Name of the Discipline of Nursing

The term nursology has resurfaced in the nursing literature as a replacement name for the discipline of nursing. This article reviews the historical significance of the current terminology and the ...
Sleep health and predicted cognitive effectiveness of nurses working 12-hour shifts: an observational study.

Abstract Background Due to the 24hr nature of society, shift work has become an integral part of many industries. Within the literature there exists an abundance of evidence linking shift work-related sleep restriction and fatigue with errors, accidents, and adverse long-term health outcomes. Objective The study goal was to physiologically measure sleep patterns and predicted cognitive decline of nurses working both 12hr day and night shifts to address the growing concern about sleep restriction among healthcare workers. Design This study presents the results of a quasi-experimental, mixed between-within design where the sleep of 12hr day and night shift nurses was measured using ReadiBand wrist actigraphs. The between groups component was comprised of day v. night shift nurses. The within groups component was comprised of two separate measurement periods for each nurse—once for three consecutive days while they were working shifts (on duty) and once for three consecutive days off work (off duty). Setting Participants wore the wrist actigraph at home and in the hospital, and were instructed to adhere to their regular sleep schedule. Participants Participants were recruited from two hospitals in Washington State (n=90). Participants were 48 night- and 42 day-shift nurses. All participants worked 12-hour shifts. Methods Sleep was measured using ReadiBand wrist actigraphs, which are licensed with the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTEtm) Alertness Score model, a biomathematical model that predicts cognitive effectiveness based on sleep/wake schedule. ReadiBands also calculate sleep quantity, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency. Results were analysed in SPSS (v26) through multilevel modelling. Results Differences were observed in sleep quantity, efficiency, and latency based on shift type (day vs. night) and shift duty (on vs. off). The most extreme differences, however, were noted in cognitive effectiveness (SAFTEtm), whereby night shift nurses experienced substantial decline—frequently into the “high risk” zone—throughout their shifts compared to day shift nurses. Conclusions The present study identifies sleep characteristics that differ between day and night nurses working 12-hour shifts using objective measurements of sleep. Biomathematical modelling can offer a novel method to estimate hours of greatest cognitive decline, and have implications for policy around shift duration, timing, and overtime allocation.
Outliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis

Data from self-paced reading (SPR) tasks are routinely checked for statistical outliers (Marsden, Thompson, & Plonsky, 2018). Such data points can be handled in a variety of ways (e.g., trimming, data transformation), each of which may influence study results in a different manner. This two-phase study sought, first, to systematically review outlier handling techniques found in studies that involve SPR and, second, to re-analyze raw data from SPR tasks to understand the impact of those techniques. Toward these ends, in Phase I, a sample of 104 studies that employed SPR tasks was collected and coded for different outlier treatments. As found in Marsden et al. (2018), wide variability was observed across the sample in terms of selection of time and standard deviation (SD)-based boundaries for determining what constitutes a legitimate reading time (RT). In Phase II, the raw data from the SPR studies in Phase I were requested from the authors. Nineteen usable datasets were obtained and re-analyzed using data transformations, SD boundaries, trimming, and winsorizing, in order to test their relative effectiveness for normalizing SPR reaction time data. The results suggested that, in the vast majority of cases, logarithmic transformation circumvented the need for SD boundaries, which blindly eliminate or alter potentially legitimate data. The results also indicated that choice of SD boundary had little influence on the data and revealed no meaningful difference between trimming and winsorizing, implying that blindly removing data from SPR analyses might be unnecessary. Suggestions are provided for future research involving SPR data and the handling of outliers in second language (L2) research more generally.
Dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology and high-grade heart block.

Abstract We report of case of an 87 year old lady with preexisting RBBB who developed LBBB after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. She underwent pacemaker implantation, and subsequently developed high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block. Dual chamber pacing in the setting of complete heart block with a long programmed AV delay showed retrograde P waves. Ventricular pacing showed intact retrograde conduction. Shortening the programmed AV delay resulted in loss of retrograde P waves during dual chamber pacing. These findings are discussed.
90. E-LEARNING AND COMMUNITY PARTNERS: “TEACH”ING RESIDENTS TO ADDRESS CHILD POVERTY

Background Children in poverty are more likely to experience adverse health outcomes, but trainees often lack the knowledge or confidence to address the effects of poverty. Methods Our Trainee Education in Advocacy and Community Health (TEACH) curriculum uses objectives modified from the Academic Pediatric Association's US Child Poverty Curriculum to train residents to recognize and address the effects of poverty. Residents were randomized by continuity clinic to participate in the Epidemiology of Child Poverty portion of the curriculum and compared to residents not participating. The curriculum consists of interactive modules, experiential learning (government benefits site and museum exhibit on eviction) and debrief/reflection. We use Reflective Practice Theory as a theoretical framework, in which residents question their own assumptions and make meaning of their experience. Knowledge and attitudes about poverty were compared pre/post (within the intervention group) and between the intervention and control groups. Resident experience with the curriculum was analyzed using inductive coding of audio-recordings of the debriefs. Results From June 2018-June 2019, intervention (n=35) and control (n=10) groups were similar in race, gender, training year, age, and pre-test scores. The intervention group increased in knowledge score from pre- (35.1%) to post-test (69.2%, P Conclusion The TEACH curriculum improved resident knowledge, confidence, and attitudes in addressing child poverty. As child poverty is ubiquitous, the TEACH curriculum can be a resource for other residency programs.
FSI Effect on Frequencies, Mode Shapes, and Modal Curvatures

When a structure moves dynamically inside a fluid medium, there is an added mass effect. The added mass influences the vibrational frequency of the structure. This effect is significant for polymer composite structures in water. This chapter investigates the effect of FSI on vibrational frequencies, mode shapes, and modal curvatures of composite structures. Both experimental and numerical studies were undertaken.
Pregnancy complications and maternal birth outcomes in women with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Wisconsin Medicaid

Background Women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may face greater risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. Our objective was to examine risk of maternal pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in women with IDD compared to women without IDD in Wisconsin Medicaid, from 2007-2016. Methods Data were from the Big Data for Little Kids project, a data linkage that creates an administrative data based cohort of mothers and children in Wisconsin. Women with ≥1 IDD claim the year before delivery were classified as having IDD. Common pregnancy complications and maternal birth outcomes were identified from the birth record. We calculated risk ratios (RR) using log-linear regression clustered by mother. We examined outcomes grouped by IDD-type and explored interaction by race. Results Of 177,691 women with live births, 1,032 (0.58%) had an IDD claim. Of 274,865 deliveries, 1,757 were to mothers with IDD (0.64%). Women with IDD were at greater risk for gestational diabetes (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.6), gestational hypertension (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5), and caesarean delivery (RR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.4) compared to other women. Adjustment for demographic covariates did not change estimates. Women with intellectual disability were at highest risk of gestational hypertension. Black women with IDD were at higher risk of gestational hypertension than expected under a multiplicative model. Conclusions Women with IDD have increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in Wisconsin Medicaid. Results were robust to adjustment. Unique patterns by IDD types and Black race warrant further exploration.
Metabolic flexibility during late pregnancy is associated with neonatal adiposity.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between maternal metabolic flexibility during pregnancy and neonatal health outcomes. Percent change in lipid oxidation (before and after a ...
Women, Music, Culture: An Introduction

Preface Acknowledgements Part 1 Telling Musical Stories: Missing Voices in the Documentation of Musical Traditions Introduction to Part 1 1. Reflections on "Deep Listening:" Exploring Music in Context 2. Medieval Liturgical Roots and the Documentation of the Western Canon 3. Women in World Music: Another Picture of Musical Documentation Guided Research Project for Part 1: Defining Feminism Part 2 Restricted Domains: Gender Spheres In Art Music Introduction to Part 2 4. The Renaissance and Beyond: Courtly Worlds of Women and Music 5. Baroque Keyboard and Vocal Genres: Gender Roles in Musical Families 6. Romantic-Era Performer/Composers: Walking the Public/Private Line Guided Research Project for Part 2: Writing the Classical Chapter Part 3 Visual Images in an Aural World Introduction to Part 3 7. American Popular Music: 1895-1945 8. Empowered Voices in the Public Eye: Women of Gospel and Blues 9. Visual Media and the Marketing of Women Performers Guided Research Project for Part 3: Women Behind the Lens Part 4 A Century of Change: The Impact of Education on Women's Art Music Activity Introduction to Part 4 10. Gender Integration in Twentieth-Century Instrumental Ensembles 11. Twentieth-Century Large-Scale Works: Contrasting Compositional Voices 12. Old Genres, New Sounds: Contemporary Music and Experimental Voices Guided Research Project for Part 4: Out of the Textbook and Into the Concert Hall Part 5 No Longer "One of the Boys" Introduction to Part 5 13. Instrumental to Jazz: The Forgotten Role of Women 14. Music Technology in the Hands of Women 15. A New Message: Taking Charge in the Mass Music Market Guided Research Project for Part 5: "Women's Music" and Segregation: Debating the Pros and Cons Glossary Index
Further studies of a lake breeze: Part 1- Observational study

The three-dimensional structure and bebaviour of a lake-land breeze circulation system induced by lake Ontario for a selected 24-hour period is presented. The structure is determined from observations made during the International Field Year of the Great Lakes. The case which has been studied occurred when the large scale prevailing flow was blowing from the south at relatively low speeds. The study shows that the lake induces a broad belt of easterlies over the lake in the afternoon and the early evening. It also indicates that the lake breeze; is more likely to occur over the southwestern coastal regions than over the southeastern coastal regions. During the early morning hours, surface wind convergence occurs over the northeastern shoreline but not over the northwestern shoreline.
Associative Processes and Behavioral Psychology

The associative processes (temporal and spatial) are significant factors to be accounted for in learning. By examining the behavioral evidence of the outcomes of associative stimulus presentation, it is possible to infer some of the changes, correlated with such stimuli, that must necessarily occur in nerve cells when reflex learning takes place. Much learning depends on the contingencies between presented stimuli such as their order or timing. When met, these contingencies trigger “open loop” adaptations, as, for example, those arising from Pavlovian presentations of CS and US or different CSs. Analogous contingencies resulting from instrumental association of stimulus and response trigger “closed loop” adaptations. The latter admit feedback from prior adaptations or from the environment by which the course of self-organizing adaptations may be guided. Since instrumental responses express their effects through secondary stimuli or analogous neuronal input parameters, we may consider all associatively induced adaptations as if they arose from presenting two or more different stimuli. The stimuli range from those consciously perceived to those as subtle as artificial electrical stimulation of a few neurons [233]. Internal visceral autonomic reactions and oilier involuntary motor responses as well as peripheral motor responses can be acquired by these means [132].
Applications of Computer Simulations and Statistical Mechanics in Surface Electrochemistry

We present a brief survey of methods that utilize computer simulations and quantum and statistical mechanics in the analysis of electrochemical systems. The methods, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations and quantum-mechanical density-functional theory, are illustrated with examples from simulations of lithium-battery charging and electrochemical adsorption of bromine on single-crystal silver electrodes.
Using Context Annotated Mobility Profiles to Recruit Data Collectors in Participatory Sensing

Mobile phones and accompanying network layers provide a platform to capture and share location, image, and acoustic data. This substrate enables participatory sensing: coordinated data gathering by individuals and communities to explore the world around them. Realizing such widespread and participatory sensing poses difficult challenges. In this paper, we discuss one particular challenge: creating a recruitment service to enable sensing organizers to select well-suited participants. Our approach concentrates on finding participants based on geographic and temporal coverage, as determined by context-annotated mobility profiles that model transportation mode, location, and time. We outline a three-stage recruitment framework designed to be parsimonious so as to limit risk to participants by reducing the location and context information revealed to the system. Finally, we illustrate the utility of the framework, along with corresponding modeling technique for mobility information, by analyzing data from a pilot mobility study consisting of ten users.
Contraceptive Choices in Medically Ill Adolescents

More than 50% of all women in the United States have had sexual intercourse by 18 years of age. Up to one half of these adolescents do not use contraception at first intercourse. Although chronically ill adolescents may differ slightly from these norms, such differences are probably minor. Prevention of adolescent pregnancy remains a challenge in the medical community, and this can be especially difficult for the chronically ill adolescent. In some cases, medications taken for certain chronic conditions may alter the effectiveness of hormonal contraception, and pregnancy in these cases may pose substantial risks to the mother as well as her fetus.
Drug-resistant human immunodefiency virus

The development of antiretroviral therapy has led to a major reduction in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality. There are now six antiretroviral drug classes, with more than 20 unique antiretroviral drugs. However, HIV drug resistance occurs with all antiretroviral agents. Drug resistance can affect the response to antiretroviral therapy and is associated with increased mortality. The emergence of resistance in persons on antiretroviral therapy and the transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains to newly infected persons are now major public health concerns. Resistant variants that make up as little as 1% of the viral population in an HIV-infected person are clinically important, as they can rapidly grow under drug selection pressure and lead to therapy failure. However, current resistance assays used in the clinic reliably detect resistant variants only if they make up at least 20% of the circulating viral population. Recently, antiretroviral drugs have been developed that can inhibit HIV replication at new sites within the viral life cycle. These new drugs may improve clinical outcomes in persons infected with multidrug-resistant HIV. This review addresses the epidemiology and biological mechanisms of HIV drug resistance and the new approaches to detect and combat HIV drug resistance.
Sharp bounds for exponential approximations under a hazard rate upper bound

Consider an absolutely continuous distribution on [0, ∞) with finite mean μ and hazard rate function h(t) ≤ b for all t. For b μ close to 1, we would expect F to be approximately exponential. In this paper we obtain sharp bounds for the Kolmogorov distance between F and an exponential distribution with mean μ, as well as between F and an exponential distribution with failure rate b. We apply these bounds to several examples. Applications are presented to geometric convolutions, birth and death processes, first-passage times, and to decreasing mean residual life distributions.
Seasonal, Weekly, and Circadian Variability of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

Circadian rhythms have been recognized in many biological phenomena, including secretion of hormones, activities of the autonomic nervous system, and various cardiovascular pathologies. Transient myocardial ischemia (1,2), acute myocardial infarction (3), embolism (4), rupture of aortic aneurysms (5), sudden cardiac death (6), and death as a result of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease (7) have been shown to follow a certain circadian pattern; the same has been observed in the onset of stroke.
Application of Electron Microscopy for the Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior of Advanced Ceramics

The microstructure and fracture surfaces of two commercially available silicon nitride ceramics have been characterized using techniques of scanning and analytical transmission electron microscopy. These results have been correlated to mechanical property data (obtained from static and dynamic fatigue tests using four-point flexural test methods both at room temperature and at elevated temperature). For one of the materials, the results clarified failure mechanisms. For the other, the results showed how processing variables can affect microstructure (and thus mechanical behavior), and emphasized particularly that mechanical tests of billet-derived specimens may be unreliable in predicting the mechanical behavior of production components.Copyright © 1988 by ASME
Contiguously Substituted Cyclooctane Polyols. Configurational Assignments via 1H NMR Correlations and Symmetry Considerations

More advanced oxidation of the cyclooctadienol shown, readily available in enantiomerically pure form from D-glucose, has given rise to a series of intermediates whose relative (and ultimately absolute) configuration was assigned on the basis of (1)H/(1)H coupling constant analysis. The selectivities that were deduced in this manner were drawn from the sequential application of CrO3 oxidation in tandem with Luche reduction, two-step NMO-promoted osmylations bracketed by acetonide formation, and wholesale deprotection. The stereoselectivities of these reactions were traced by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and the stereochemical assignments were confirmed by the presence or absence of symmetry in the final cyclooctane polyols (four shown) generated in this investigation.
Selective Deposition of Biocompatible Sol-Gel Materials

An aqueous sol-gel route has been developed for electrochemically controlled deposition onto micro and nanofabricated electrodes. TEOS and MeTEOS were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, and alcohol products were removed by distillation. The resulting clear sol has a hydrolysis ratio between 40 and 45. Following hydrolysis, pH was raised to 5.0 with addition of potassium hydroxide. At room temperature, this sol is stable for approximately 30 min. Gelation can be electrochemically induced at cathodic surfaces by locally increasing pH. Films of significant thickness and durability have been formed within seconds of deposition at −1.0 V. Selective deposition has been demonstrated on platinum microelectrodes. Furthermore, proteins and other biological species can be incorporated into this aqueous route due to mild pH, ionic, and temperature conditions. Proteins such as bovine serum albumin have been successfully entrapped in electrodeposited gel, while smaller molecules such as fluorescein have been observed to diffuse through the pores. This sol-gel electrodeposition process is ideal for device fabrication, particularly in the field of electrochemical biosensors.
Rapid Capacitor Chargers for Rep-Rated Operation of Low-Inductance Compact Marx Generators

We designed and tested several rapid capacitor chargers for rep-rated operation of low-inductance, compact Marx generators with rep-rates ranging from 10 Hz to 100 Hz. All chargers are designed to be packaged in cylindrical volumes with inside diameters in the range of 5 in -12 in. Our capacitor chargers are based on H-Bridge inverters using ultra fast 600V class IGBTs. The high voltage is obtained by driving step-up transformers with nano-crystalline cores at 30 kHz. These chargers are capable of average DC output power levels of more than 5 kW for short time operation, during which the thermal inertia of the IGBT assembly provides effective cooling (up to seconds). To achieve reliable rep-rated operation of the chargers, we developed HV feedback sensors to monitor the charging process and solid state Marx-style trigger generators to command trigger the discharge of the main Marx.
PURR-TURBO: a novel pulse sequence for longitudinal relaxographic imaging.

A novel pulse sequence based on a segmented phase-encoding scheme for measuring the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) value of an NMR signal in an imaging context is introduced. This pulse sequence is a hybrid version of the “single-shot” and “one-shot” inversion recovery (IR) snapshot-FLASH methods. These are also known as “multipoint” IR techniques. The new sequence presented here collects multiple k-space rows at each time point during magnetization recovery, rather than the entire dataset (as in a “single-shot” method) or just one row (as in a “one-shot” method). Thus, it reduces the scanning time without significant sacrifice of the small sampling time advantage of the one-shot IR snapshot-FLASH methods. Furthermore, this approach does not require a high-performance gradient system. Here, we demonstrate that a single slice human brain 1H2O T1 map with a nominal in-plane resolution of less than (1 mm)2can be obtained at 4 T in about 4 min. Magn Reson Med 43:773–777, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Coactivator p300 Directly Acetylates the Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxo1 and Stimulates Foxo1-induced Transcription

The FOXO (Forkhead box class O) subgroup of forkhead transcription factors controls the expression of many genes involved in fundamental cellular processes. Until recently, studies conducted on posttranslational modifications of Forkhead proteins were restricted to their phosphorylation. In this report, we show that the coactivator p300 directly acetylates lysines in the carboxyl-terminal region of Foxo1 in vivo and in vitro, and potently stimulates Foxo1-induced transcription of IGF-binding protein-1 in transient transfection experiments. The intrinsic acetyltransferase activity of p300 is required for both activities. Our results suggest that acetylation of Foxo1 by p300 is responsible, at least in part, for its increased transactivation potency, although acetylation of histones cannot be excluded. Insulin, the major negative regulator of Foxo1-stimulated transcription, potently enhances p300 acetylation of Foxo1. Three consensus protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation sites whose phosphorylation is stimulated by insulin are required for insulin-induced acetylation of Foxo1. In contrast to its importance in regulating the transcriptional activity of Foxo1 in the absence of insulin, acetylation plays only a minor role compared with phosphorylation in insulin inhibition of Foxo1 transcriptional activity.
Asymmetries between person and number in syntax: a commentary on Baker’s SCOPA

This paper is a commentary on Baker’s “When Agreement is for Number and Gender but not Person”. In many contexts, the behavior of person agreement departs from that of number and/or gender agreement; the central hypothesis advanced by Baker—the Structural Condition on Person Agreement (or SCOPA)—is an attempt to derive these departures from a single, structural condition on the application of person agreement.
Samarium lexidronam (153Sm-EDTMP): Skeletal radiation for osteoblastic bone metastases and osteosarcoma

Radiation therapy can be an effective means to treat bone metastases, which occur in more than 50% of cancer patients. 153Samarium lexidronam (153Sm-EDTMP; Quadramet, Cytogen) is a radiopharmaceutical designed for deposition into bone metastases. Bone scans can identify patients that may benefit from targeted radiation therapy with 153Sm-EDTMP. As an unsealed source of radiation therapy, 153Sm-EDTMP is simple to administer: 1 mCi/kg is given in a similar fashion to a bone scan injection (99mTc-MDP bone scan injection is given at 0.2–0.35 mCi/kg. Therefore, both are administered intravenously. However, the radiation-absorbed dose and radiopharmaceutical energy are different). Nevertheless, despite simplicity of administration, 153Sm-EDTMP is underutilized for improving cancer pain in the skeleton. Repeated cycles and combined treatment with other modalities such as bisphosphonates, chemotherapy and/or external beam radiation are possible. 153Sm-EDTMP combined with bisphosphonates, chemotherapy and/or radia...
On a complete set of generators for dot-depth two

Abstract A complete set of generators for Straubing's dot-depth-two monoids has been characterized as a set of quotients of the form A∗/∼(n,m), where n and m denote positive integers, A∗ denotes the free monoid generated by a finite alphabet A, and ∼(n,m) denote congruences related to a version of the Ehrenfeucht—Fraisse game. This paper studies combinatorial properties of the ∼(n,m)'s and in particular the inclusion relations between them. Several decidability and inclusion consequences are discussed.
Preparation of a new 16-MC-4 structure type that captures Mn(II) in the central cavity

Abstract Bernhard Lippert has contributed significantly to the understanding of metallamacrocyclic complexes with low valent, late transition metals. In particular, he has pioneered the preparation of metallacalixarenes such as 12-MC-3 and 16-MC-4 structure types. In this article, we provide the preparation of a new 16-MC-4, [Mn4Br4(B(tBuM)PZG)4] [Mn(HOCO2)2], complex made with the ligand potassium N,N-bis(3-methyl-5-tert-butylpyrazolylmethyl)glycinate (KB(tBuM)PZG). In addition to being the first 16-MC-4 that is composed of manganese, this complex is the first example of a transition metal [Mn(II)] being captured in the interior cavity of the 16-MC-4. We discuss how our ligand design leads to the isolated structure due to the steric bulk that has been appended to the pyrazole ligand.
Learning In/Through Everyday Resistance: A Cultural-Historical Perspective on Community Resources and Curriculum

This essay addresses the value of leveraging the unique learning, thinking, and knowledge students develop in home–community spaces for school curriculum. The author explores everyday resistance to highlight a particular set of enacted political actions and practices in which students, families, and communities participate to negotiate the demands of their politically charged contexts. She draws on cultural-historical theoretical perspectives and employs Engestrom’s notion of the double bind. She argues that as Latina/o youth develop coordinated challenges to particular social and educational policies, they engage in joint sense making, problem solving, and social analyses. Thus, she analyzes the cultural resources that are generated in/though everyday resistance in order to elaborate how these cultural resources can be leveraged in curriculum practices.
Research in Wellbore Display Platform Based on Virtual Reality

Virtual reality technology is applied to production engineering, it provides a revolutionary change to the oil industry. This paper we first analyze the function of simulation platform, then set up basic framework of the system, use 3dsmax and simulation software to simulate wellbore, oil-gas-water mining equipment. Virtual environment in well site is constructed, it simulates the underground work process, and it can dynamically assemble the wellbore by the 2d drawing tools. This platform lets users realize functions that is from design to production engineering simulation process, users can fully master the oil production equipment and control the latest information of the oil wells.
Exact solutions of cyclically symmetric oscillator equations with non‐linear coupling

Kaplan and Yardeni have found very simple exact limit cycle solutions in cyclically symmetric systems of N oscillator equations with linear coupling in zero order of a perturbation parameter and non-linear coupling in first order. In contrast with such solutions in other non-linear systems, each of these limit cycles is a normal mode of the unperturbed equations, with no change in frequency. the sources of this simple behaviour are studied here with the equations expressed in terms of the normal mode co-ordinates of the unperturbed system rather than in the original co-ordinates. It is found that the simplicity of the Kaplan-Yardeni solutions arises partly from an additional symmetry of the perturbation terms beyond the cyclic symmetry and partly from the specific choices of the perturbations. Extension of their systems to arbitrary N leads to the result that all such sets of equations have similar simple limit cycles. More general cyclically symmetric sets of equations are also discussed, with limit cycle solutions whose frequencies are shifted from the zero-order values by easily calculated amounts or with solutions which are linear combinations of zero-order normal modes.
Haemophilus parainfluenzae urethritis among homosexual men

Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a common inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract of the normal oral microflora. We report three men who had been having unprotected sex with men (MSM) and subsequently acquired H. parainfluenzae urethritis, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Two men were treated with ceftriaxone and doxycycline, and the third man was treated with clarithromycin. All three patients responded to treatment. This case series highlights the potential role of H. parainfluenzae as a sexually transmitted genitourinary pathogen.
Asymptotic models for a long, elastic cylinder

We study asymptotic expansions for the displacement field of a long elastic cylinder under various constitutive assumptions. We show that under simple hypotheses it is possible to derive from the equations of continuum mechanics two known beam equations and several different string models. Some of the string models correspond to those studied by S. Antman and R. Dickey. We also show that under our assumptions the problem of asymptotic expansion can be reduced to that of algebraic geometry.
Application of an automatic differentiation method to a 2D Navier-Stokes CFD code

Abstract The ADIFOR2.0 automatic differentiator is applied to the FLOMGEM flow solver along with the grid generator HYPERG2. The FLOMGEM is an advanced Navier-Stokes CFD code for airfoil computations, which employs multigrid method. The HYPERG2 is a two-dimensional hyperbolic grid generator for generating a C-mesh. Both non-geometric and geometric sensitivity derivative codes are obtained. The sensitivity derivatives via automatic differentiation are presented and compared with divided difference generated derivatives. The study shows that an automatic differentiation method gives accurate derivative values in an efficient manner.
Trade and economic development in small open economies : the case of the Caribbean countries

Acknowledgments Introduction The Importance of Trade The Key Issues Outline Notes The Caribbean's Export Performance Review of the Export Performance Descriptive Analysis of the Export Performance A Constant Market Share Analysis Revealed Comparative Advantage Data and Results Data Results An Assessment of the Results Notes Appendix 2.A.1: Derivation of the CMS Model Appendix 2.A.2: Commodities and Markets for CMS Analysis "Incentives" and Institutional Support for Exports Policies Aimed at Achieving Neutral Incentives "Incentives" and Real Effective Exchange Rates Instruments of Export Development Policy in CARICOM Countries Notes Appendix 3.A.1: A Typical Export Inventive System Appendix 3.A.2: Plots of Real Effective Exchange Rates for Selected CARICOM Countries Exports and Small Country Growth Feder's Model Applied to Small Developing Countries Data and Results Output and Foreign Exchange Flows Data and Results Notes Appendix 4.A.1: Derivation of Feder's Model Appendix 4.A.2: The List of Small Countries and the Dataset Appendix 4.A.3: Test for Heteroscedasticity Appendix 4.A.4: Production Functions Determinants of the Caribbean's Export Performance Model of Export Supply: Theoretical Discussion Model Specification Nontraditional Exports U.S. Clothing Market Industry-Specific Export Equation: Clothing Industry-Specific Export Equation: Miscellaneous Manufactures Aggregate Export Notes Appendix 5.A.1: The Imperfect Substitutes Modes Appendix 5.A.2: Derivation of Capital Stock Estimates Appendix 5.A.3: Plots of Clothing Exports to the U.S. Market-Selected Countries (1968-88) The Regional Dimension Modelling the Export Sector Institutional Analysis notes Future Directions for Research Bibliography Index
Making Sense of “Best Practice” in Teaching History

The author revisits reform proposals in history education which call for increased emphasis on “historical inquiry.” Historical inquiry can be viewed as an instructional approach that brings together new understandings in the discipline of history with recent developments in cognitive research, especially in regard to children's historical thinking. The beginning history teacher in this qualitative case study held knowledge and beliefs about subject matter and students considered essential for teaching historical inquiry. However, the teacher was reluctant to take this approach, for reasons that shed light on divergent interpretations of “best practice.” The author argues for a “learning from practice” model of professional education that begins with questions emerging directly out of individual teachers' particular notions of best practice.
Expression of a soybean β-conclycinin gene under the control of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S and 19S promoters in transformed petunia tissues

A gene encoding the α′-subunit of β-conglycinin was ligated to the 19S and 35S promoters of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and introduced into petunia plants on a disarmed Ti-plasmid using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformed cells were regenerated into whole plants and ummunoreactive polypeptides and hybridizable, polyadenylated mRNA were detected in transformed tissues. Expression from the 35S promoter was 10 to 50 times greater than expression from the 19S promoter. The level of immunodetectable polypeptides was greater in seeds than in leaves or callus tissue. In addition, the pattern of α′-polypeptide breakdown products was distinctive in seeds and leaves. We conclude that in seeds the higher levels of the α′-polypeptide reflect enhanced stability of this protein.
Electrophysiological evidence for a role for calcium in temperature sensing by roots of cucumber seedlings

Abstract. Rapid-cooling pulses to non-stressful temperatures cause strong, transient depolarizations in cortical cells of cucumber roots. The amplitudes of these electrical responses are graded according to the rate and amplitude of the cooling pulse. Such graded potentials are typical of sensory processes and indicate that plants possess the ability to sense temperature change. La3+, a blocker of Ca2+ channels, and ethylene glycol bis-(β-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N′,N′-acetic acid (EGTA), a Ca2+ chelator, inhibit the electrical responses elicited by rapid-cooling pulses. High external [Ca2+] enhances them. These results indicate the involvement of a plasma membrane-associated Ca2+ channel in the process of temperature sensing by plants. Calmodulin antagonists prolong the repolarization phase of the electrical responses, suggesting a role for calmodulin in the recovery from stimulation.
Nitrogen transformations in a simulated overland flow wastewater treatment system

Abstract Overland flow treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater has been proposed as an economical and effective method of removing pollutants. Properly designed and manipulated nitrification-denitrification in this technique could remove a significant amount of N. Applications of wastewater containing NH 4 − −N to a simulated overland flow model led to the disappearance of NH 4 + −N and the formation of nitrate. The N balance in simulated overland flow system was estimated by using labeled 15 N. The amount of N removed in the system depends upon denitrification rates. The results of this study indicated N was absorbed by soil and applied NH 4 + −N was assimilated by the vegetation. The absorbed NH 4 + −N on the aerated surface soil mass was nitrified and converted to oxidized forms of N. The nitrate formed diffused downward to the reduced zone during subsequent wastewater applications. Some of this nitrate was denitrified to gaseous forms of N or was reduced to organic forms by assimilatory processes. Thus, the net loss of N in an overland flow system was less than would have been predicted from non-labeled N mass balance calculations.
Development of an intact hepatocyte activation system for routine use with the mouse lymphoma assay.

The authors have developed a method for cocultivating primary rat hepatocytes with L5178Y/TK/sup +/-/-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. This method should provide a means of simulating more closely in-vivo metabolism compared to metabolism by liver homogenates, while still being useful for routine screening. Hepatocytes were isolated from 200-250 gm adult male Sprague-Dawley rats; 1 x 10/sup 6/ viable hepatocytes were seeded per flask. Rapid attachment of the hepatocytes (2 hr) was obtained by using fibronectin-coated 25-cm/sup 2/ tissue culture flasks. Cocultivated cultures were incubated at 37/sup 0/C on a platform rocker at 32 oscillations per minute. A 16-hr cocultivated period was selected. With this hepatocyte activation methodology, CP, DMN, DMBA, and B(a)P, genotoxins that require metabolic activation, could be detected as mutagens in L5178Y/TK/sup +/-/ cells.
Effects of acute and repeated restraint stress on gaba efflux in the rat basolateral and central amygdala

Abstract Stress can precipitate onset of multiple mood-related disorders, including depression. Examination of the neural basis of this phenomenon has highlighted the amygdala as a key component. Alterations in amygdalar activity and structure accompany various mood-related disorders, and interestingly, amygdalar morphology and behavior can be altered in animals subjected to repeated stress. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission in the amygdala represents an important means by which information flow, activity, and function can be controlled; therefore, we determined the effects of acute and repeated restraint stress (RRS) on GABA efflux in the basolateral and central amygdalar complexes. In vivo microdialysis revealed that acute restraint stress increased GABA efflux in the basolateral amygdala, whereas central amygdala efflux remained unchanged. Animals subjected to prior repeated stress displayed no acute stress-mediated increases in GABA efflux in the basolateral amygdala, an event accompanied by no changes in basal GABA concentrations. Conversely, repeated restraint stress had no effect on GABA efflux or basal GABA levels in the CeA. Collectively, these data demonstrate that acute stress elicits unique and region-specific increases in GABA efflux in the rat amygdala, and that prior repeated stress differentially modifies this response.
An in vitro study of the Müller anterolateral femorotibial ligament tenodesis in the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee

The biomechanical effectiveness of the Muller antero lateral femorotibial ligament (ALFTL) iliotibial band ten odesis on anterior stability and internal rotational sta bility of the ACL deficient knee was investigated in six cadaver knees. Anterior drawer and internal rotation of the tibia were measured at 15° increments from 0° to 90° in response to 50 N of anteriorly applied tibial force and 3 Nm of internally applied internal torque, respec tively, in the intact knee, the ACL excised knee, and following the ALFTL reconstruction. A strain gage was used to measure the resting graft tension and to meas ure strain in the graft during the load-displacement tests.The Muller ALFTL tenodesis failed to return normal anterior stability to the ACL deficient knee (P < 0.05). The tenodesis did, however, reduce the anterior laxity of the ACL deficient knee from 30° to 90° of knee flexion (P < 0.05). The tenodesis overconstrained inter nal tibial rotation of the ACL excised knee from 30° to 90° (P < 0.05). Measuremen...