cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 438: Global Gene Expression Analysis of Human Perivascular Adipocytes Reveals Reduced Expression of Insulin and Wnt Signaling Genes: Implications for Inflammatory Crosstalk

Inflammatory crosstalk between PV adipose tissue and the blood vessel wall has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We reported that PV adipocytes exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype, reduced state of differentiation, and altered expression of developmental genes as compared with subcutaneous (SQ) adipocytes derived from the same human subjects. To define global differences in gene expression patterns between PV and SQ adipocytes, genome-wide microarray studies were performed in three sets of in vitro differentiated SQ and PV adipocytes derived from unrelated human subjects. Insulin-regulated and Wnt signaling genes were markedly down-regulated in PV adipocytes. Validation of microarray data by qPCR demonstrated reductions in expression of C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, hormone sensitive lipase and perilipin in PV compared to SQ adipocytes. We further observed that insulin-induced Akt ser-473 phosphorylation and glucose uptake were markedly reduced (∼ 3 fold and 4 fold, respectively) in differentiated PV adipocytes compared to SQ adipocytes. The mRNA levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, however, were similar in adipocytes differentiated from these two depots. Regarding the Wnt pathway, PV adipocytes exhibited dramatically elevated expression of Wnt inhibitor DKK1 (2864%) and reduced expression of Wnt 5A (50%), FDZ4 (38%), and LRP5 (38%). Further evaluation revealed that these Wnt signaling pathway genes, like those of the insulin signaling pathway, correlated with the extent of adipogenic differentiation. We propose that dysregulation of Wnt 5A/FDZ4 and insulin signaling pathways contributes to impaired adipogenic differentiation and insulin resistance in PV adipocytes. This, in turn, may contribute to heightened inflammatory crosstalk between PV adipose tissue and the vascular wall in the setting of atherosclerosis.
In Vitro Efficacy of Recombinant ADAMTS13 in Acquired TTP Patients with Anti-ADAMTS13 Inhibitory Antibody.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is associated with a severe functional deficiency of the ADAMTS13 metalloprotease resulting in accumulation of highly adhesive ultra-large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) multimers. ULVWF promote spontaneous platelet clumping eventually leading to life-threatening widespread microvascular thrombosis in multiple organs. Inhibitory and non-inhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies that result in functional deficiency and/or accelerated in vivo clearance of ADAMTS13 have been detected in patients suffering from acquired idiopathic TTP. Current treatment with plasma exchange therapy is considered to remove the autoantibodies and to replenish plasma with the deficient protease. While researching therapeutic recombinant ADAMST13 (rADAMTS13) as a possible treatment modality for TTP patients, we investigated the in vitro potency of rADAMTS13 to overwhelm and neutralize circulating anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies and concurrently to reinstate plasma ADAMTS13 to normal. Mixing and incubating patient plasma with normal reagent plasma and subsequent FRETSVWF73 activity analysis was used to calculate the individual anti-ADAMTS13 inhibitor titers in 36 untreated idiopathic TTP patient plasma samples with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency (<10% of normal). The inhibitor titers (IU/ml) ranged from 1.5 to 85IU/ml (median of 3.75 IU/ml). To compare the performance of the different patient samples at equal inhibitor titers, we diluted each sample to predefined inhibitor titers (e.g. in patient samples with inhibitor titers <10IU/ml we diluted to 1, 3, 6 and 9IU/ml). Then, incrementally increasing concentrations of purified rADAMTS13 derived from stably transfected CHO cells were added to each pre-set inhibitor titer done for each of the 36 patient samples. Complex formation of rADAMTS13 and anti-ADAMTS13 patient antibody was allowed and the remaining ADAMTS13 activity was analyzed. The input of rADAMTS13 required to saturate circulating inhibitors and to elevate the activity level up to 1U/ml in the plasma was calculated by regression analysis. Our data indicate a linear correlation between supplemented rADAMTS13 and anti-ADAMTS13 antibody titer (for titers <10IU/ml) suggesting that rADAMTS13 should be further investigated as a possible treatment of acquired TTP.
Associations Between Adolescents’ Perceptions of Alcohol Norms and Alcohol Behaviors: Incorporating Within-school Variability

ABSTRACTBackground: Social norm interventions have been implemented in schools to address concerns of alcohol use among high school students; however, research in this area has not incorporated measures of variability that may better reflect the complexity of social influences. Purpose: To examine the association between perceived alcohol norms, the student- and school-level variability of those norms, and alcohol use behaviors among high school students. Methods: A sample of 25 824 students from 58 high schools completed an online self-report survey. Hierarchical linear regression models were fit to examine the relationships between student- and school-level alcohol norm predictors, within-school variability, and current alcohol use and binge drinking. Results: Individual- and school-level norms were predictive of both current alcohol use and binge drinking. Whereas measures of norm diversity at the school level were not predictive of alcohol use behaviors, individual norm proximity was predictive of bot...
Thermal transport due to liquid jet impingement on superhydrophobic surfaces with isotropic slip

Abstract This paper presents an analytical investigation of thermal transport due to a steady, laminar, axisymmetric liquid jet impinging normally on a superhydrophobic (SHPo) surface maintained at constant surface temperature. At the liquid-surface boundary of the spreading thin film, an isotropic hydrodynamic slip and temperature jump are imposed to approximate the SHPo surface boundary condition. Applying an integral analysis within the thin film results in a system of differential equations which are solved numerically to obtain local hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer thicknesses, thin film height, and local and radially averaged heat flux. The classical smooth hydrophobic scenario with no-slip and no-temperature jump showed excellent agreement with previous differential analysis of the same problem. The influence of varying temperature jump length on the local Nusselt number was obtained over a range of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. Increasing temperature jump length results in a dramatic decrease in the local thermal transport near the impingement point. The greatest decrease occurs at small temperature jump lengths. Further, local and average Nusselt numbers are less influenced by the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers as temperature jump length increases. Overall, variations in the temperature jump length exert much more influence than variations in the hydrodynamic slip length.
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) productivity 23 years after wet site harvesting and site preparation in the lower Atlantic coastal plain

Abstract Ground based timber harvesting on wet sites has been linked to alteration of soil properties that may result in reduced long term site productivity. Following Hurricane Hugo in the fall of 1989, numerous salvage logging operations were conducted under high soil moisture conditions to reduce wildfire risk and salvage timber within the Francis Marion National Forest in the lower coastal plain of South Carolina. Study sites were established on wet pine flats to examine the long term effects of primary skid trails and site preparation on planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth. Treatment effects were analyzed as a split-plot within a randomized complete block design with 12 blocks, four levels of site preparation (none, disking, bedding, disking with bedding), and two levels of machine traffic (primary skid trail, no obvious traffic). After 23 years, bedding and disking with bedding enhanced stand density (p
Safety of hematopoietic cell infusion in children with malignant and non-malignant diseases.

HPC infusions have been associated with a variety of adverse events related to either patient or HPC product-related factors. Studies documenting infusion-related AEs in children are limited. We reviewed HPC infusion records in 354 children. Infusion-related adverse events were classified as follows: grade 0-absent, grade I-mild, grade II-moderate, grade III-severe, grade IV-life-threatening, and grade V-death. The percentage of patients with grade 0, I, and II-IV AEs was as follows: 0 = 67%, I = 23.4%, and II-V = 9.6% (one patient had fatal anaphylactic reaction to dimethyl sulfoxide). The incidence of grade II-IV hypertension was 7.1%. There was a higher incidence of AEs with infusion of allogeneic bone marrow versus allogeneic PBSCs (47.4% vs 25.3%, P = .001). Cryopreserved products had a lower incidence of infusion-associated AEs compared with fresh HPC products (24% vs 39.4%, P = .003). Allogeneic HPC infusion volume (>100 mL) was a significant risk factor for infusion-associated AEs (P 10 years who received autologous HPC infusions had higher risk of AEs when compared to patients <10 years (P = .01). Our study demonstrated that despite a high incidence of infusion-associated hypertension, HPC infusion is relatively safe in children. Investigating strategies to optimize management of hypertension in the setting of HPC infusion is warranted.
The future of LC-MS for pharmaceutical analysis: an interview with Jun Qu.

Jun Qu speaks to Sankeetha Nadarajah, Editor of Bioanalysis: Jun Qu is the group leader of the proteomics and pharmaceutical analysis lab of SUNY-Buffalo (NY, USA) and a Professor in the Department...
Redefining the market: A treatise on exchange and shared understanding:

Marketing executives operate in increasingly complex marketplaces characterized by global competition, accelerating sustainability concerns, and an increased focus on innovation. This complexity ri...
Major Progress on a Problem of Ramanujan

The theorem of Lagrange that every positive integer is a sum of at most four squares is one of the most appealing in all of mathematics. Ramanujan considered extensions of this theorem by listing a set of universal quadratic forms, namely those which represent all positive integers. This article is a report of the work of Manjul Bhargava and Jonathan Hanke, who solved a conjecture of Conway of determining the universality of quadratic forms, a problem that has its origins in Ramanujan’s work.
Mucosal associated invariant T cells from human breast ducts mediate a Th17-skewed response to bacterially exposed breast carcinoma cells.

Antimicrobial T cells play key roles in the disease progression of cancers arising in mucosal epithelial tissues, such as the colon. However, little is known about microbe-reactive T cells within human breast ducts and whether these impact breast carcinogenesis. Epithelial ducts were isolated from primary human breast tissue samples, and the associated T lymphocytes were characterized using flow cytometric analysis. Functional assays were performed to determine T-cell cytokine secretion in response to bacterially treated human breast carcinoma cells. We show that human breast epithelial ducts contain mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, an innate T-cell population that recognizes specific bacterial metabolites presented by nonclassical MR1 antigen-presenting molecules. The MAIT cell population from breast ducts resembled that of peripheral blood in its innate lymphocyte phenotype (i.e., CD161, PLZF, and interleukin [IL]-18 receptor coexpression), but the breast duct MAIT cell population had a distinct T-cell receptor Vβ use profile and was markedly enriched for IL-17-producing cells compared with blood MAIT cells. Breast carcinoma cells that had been exposed to Escherichia coli activated MAIT cells in an MR1-dependent manner. However, whereas phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin stimulation induced the production of both interferon-γ and IL-17 by breast duct MAIT cells, bacterially exposed breast carcinoma cells elicited a strongly IL-17-biased response. Breast carcinoma cells also showed upregulated expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands compared with primary breast epithelial cells, and the NKG2D receptor contributed to MAIT cell activation by the carcinoma cells. These results demonstrate that MAIT cells from human breast ducts mediate a selective T-helper 17 cell response to human breast carcinoma cells that were exposed to E. coli. Thus, cues from the breast microbiome and the expression of stress-associated ligands by neoplastic breast duct epithelial cells may shape MAIT cell responses during breast carcinogenesis.
Robust Algorithms for Capturing Population Dynamics and Transport in Oceanic Variables along Drifter Trajectories using Linear Dynamical Systems with Latent Variables

The blooms of Noctiluca in the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea have been intensifying in recent years posing a threat to regional fisheries and the long-term health of an ecosystem supporting a coastal population of nearly 120 million people. We present the results of a microscopic data analysis to investigate the onset and patterns of the Noctiluca (mixotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans) blooms, which form annually during the winter monsoon in the Gulf of Oman and in the Arabian Sea. Our approach combines methods in physical and biological oceanography with machine learning techniques. In particular, we present a robust algorithm, the variable-length Linear Dynamic Systems (vLDS) model, that extracts the causal factors and latent dynamics at the microscopic population-level along each individual drifter trajectory, and demonstrate its effectiveness by using it to test and confirm previously benchmarked macroscopic scientific hypotheses. The test results provide microscopic statistical evidence to support and recheck the macroscopic physical and biological Oceanography hypotheses on the Noctiluca blooms; it also helps identify complementary microscopic dynamics that might not be visible or discoverable at the macroscopic scale. The vLDS model also exhibits a generalization capability (inherited from a machine learning methodology) to investigate important causal factors and hidden dynamics associated with ocean biogeochemical processes and phenomena at the population-level.
Comprehensive abundance analysis of red giants in the open clusters Stock 2, NGC 2168, 6475, 6991, and 7762

We have analysed high-dispersion echelle spectra ($R = 60000$) of red giant members of five open clusters to derive abundances for many elements from Na to Eu. The [Fe/H] values are $-0.06\pm0.03$ for Stock 2, $-0.11\pm0.03$ for NGC 2168, $-0.01\pm0.03$ for NGC 6475, $0.00\pm0.03$ for NGC 6991 and $-0.07\pm0.03$ for NGC 7662. Sodium is enriched in the giants relative to the abundance expected of main sequence stars of the same metallicity. This enrichment of [Na/Fe] by about $+0.25$ attributed to the first dredge-up is discussed in the light of theoretical predictions and recently published abundance determinations. Abundance ratios [El/Fe] for other elements are with very few exceptions equal to those of field giants and dwarfs, i.e., [El/Fe] $\simeq 0.00$ for [Fe/H] $\sim 0.0$. An exception is the overabundance of La, Ce, Nd and Sm in NGC 6991 but this is consistent with our previous demonstration that the abundances of these $s$-process products vary by about $\pm0.2$ among clusters of the same [Fe/H], a variation found also among field giants and dwarfs.
The nutrient footprint of a submerged-cage offshore aquaculture facility located in the tropical Caribbean

The effect of effluent generated by a commercially scaled offshore (~13 km) finfish aquaculture facility in the tropical Caribbean on the water column and benthic nutrients and chlorophyll‐a is described. Water column samples were collected up‐ and downstream of the site at various times between 2012 and 2018. Typically, no significant difference in dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll‐a, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, nitrate + nitrite, and total dissolved nitrogen concentration was observed in the water column between the up‐ versus downstream samples. Similarly, sediment samples were collected at various times between 2012 and 2018. Samples were collected at up‐ versus downstream locations and analyzed for benthic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll‐a content. Some of the collected data demonstrates a trend toward sediment enrichment within the vicinity of the farm. These data are of interest to stakeholders concerned with the expansion of offshore aquaculture in the United States and other countries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind from a commercially scaled aquaculture facility utilizing offshore submersible‐cage technologies.
Trauma-Informed Personalized Scripts to Address Partner Violence and Reproductive Coercion: Preliminary Findings from an Implementation Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and reproductive coercion impact women seeking care at family planning (FP) clinics. Interventions to facilitate patient–provider conversations about hea...
Unfractionated heparin infusion for treatment of venous thromboembolism based on actual body weight without dose capping

Controversy exists regarding the use of dose capping of weight-based unfractionated heparin (UFH) infusions in obese and morbidly obese patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare time to first therapeutic activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in hospitalized patients receiving UFH for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) among three body mass index (BMI) cohorts: non-obese (< 30 kg/m2), obese (30-39.9 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (⩾ 40 kg/m2). In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, patients were included if they ⩾ 18 years of age, had a documented VTE, and were on an infusion of UFH for at least 24 hours. Weight-based UFH doses were calculated using actual body weight. A total of 423 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 230 (54.4%), 146 (34.5%), and 47 (11.1%) patients in the non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese cohorts, respectively. Median times to therapeutic aPTT were 16.4, 16.6, and 17.1 hours in each cohort. Within 24 hours, the cumulative incidence rates for therapeutic aPTT were 70.7% for the non-obese group, 69.9% for the obese group, and 61.7% for the morbidly obese group (obese vs non-obese: HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.82-1.26, p = 0.88; morbidly obese vs non-obese: HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.62-1.21, p = 0.41). There was no significant difference in major bleeding events between BMI groups (obese vs non-obese, p = 0.91; morbidly obese vs non-obese, p = 0.98). Based on our study, heparin dosing based on actual body weight without a dose cap is safe and effective.
What we can learn from how trivalent conditionals avoid triviality

A trivalent theory of indicative conditionals automatically enforces Stalnaker's thesis – the equation between probabilities of conditionals and conditional probabilities. This result holds because...
Maternal duplication associated with gene deletion in sporadic hemophilia.

Abstract Sporadic occurrences of X-linked disorders can give insights into mutagenesis in man. In a case of sporadic hemophilia, associated with a partial deletion of the factor VIII gene, an unexpected inheritance pattern of gene rearrangements was observed. The factor VIII gene was found to be partially duplicated in the hemophiliac's mother. A pedigree analysis indicates that the mother has contributed both aberrant genes as well as the normal gene to her offspring. One simple model for the evolution of the deletion in this family is that the duplication is the precursor to the deletion.
Rapid response of hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme to oclacitinib in two dogs

Background Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a clinically distinct dermatosis and poorly characterized syndrome, comprised of hyperkeratotic plaques with variable symmetry and apoptosis similar to "classic" erosive canine EM. Hyperkeratotic EM has a protracted clinical course and, although treatments with glucocorticoids, azathioprine and/or ciclosporin have been tried, rates of remission are low. Objectives To describe successful treatment of HKEM in two dogs using oclacitinib. Animals A 7-year-old, spayed Havanese dog (Case 1) and a 1-year-old, intact cryptorchid Dachshund dog (Case 2). Methods Case characterization and clinical diagnoses were based on lesion character, surgical biopsy, cytological evaluation, culture, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and expected responses to treatments. Results Both cases exhibited multifocal, often symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques with adherent scale. Histological findings revealed prominent epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic dermatitis and transepidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis. DIF revealed fine, patchy IgG, IgM and IgA basement membrane deposits (Case 2). Both dogs exhibited rapid improvement with oral oclacitinib (0.6-0.9 mg/kg twice daily) with a complete remission of clinical signs observed in 12 and seven weeks in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion and clinical importance Oclacitinib could be considered as a fast-acting and effective treatment option for HKEM in dogs.
Rethinking Foreign Aid and Legitimacy: Views from Aid Recipients in Kenya

Contrary to scholarly predictions, foreign aid does not appear to undermine individuals’ beliefs in the legitimacy of their governments. This paper aims to understand why this prediction has failed to materialize in mounting evidence. I develop explanations inductively based on original descriptive evidence from a survey and in-depth interviews in western Kenya. I propose, first, that the prediction itself incorrectly assumes individuals expect their governments to be self-sufficient, and second, tax-based measurements of legitimacy are sometimes ill-suited to developing country contexts. I offer specific suggestions for how future studies can overcome these limitations in their theories and research designs. The contribution of this project is to facilitate future research by furnishing detailed and descriptive evidence on how individuals from a relevant sample think about politics and aid.
Environmental factors related to the obesity epidemic

Abstract Obesity is a multifactorial disease with personal, environmental, genetic, and social influences. While at its core obesity results from an excess of energy intake compared to output, the complex relationship between variables leading to both individual and population-level obesity should be better understood through an environmental lens. The way one interacts with the environment is critical to development, and understanding which factors are within one’s control can help guide personal and policy initiatives. Several neighborhood-level factors have been shown to be associated with obesity, such as food availability and safety. Environmental factors within the home have also been shown to influence dietary choices, physical activity, and obesity rates. In this chapter, we will depict the environmental factors related to the obesity epidemic.
Effect of FGFR2 alterations on survival in patients receiving systemic chemotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

303Background: Most patients (pts) with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are diagnosed with advanced disease and are ineligible for surgery. FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements are oncogenic drivers and are prese...
Is surgical margin associated with overall survival in patients with resectable gallbladder cancer

Background: Achieving microscopically negative (R0) surgical margins in gallbladder cancer often requires a partial hepatectomy with associated risk of morbidity and potential to delay adjuvant therapy. Prior studies on the importance of margin status in resectable gall bladder cancer include small numbers of patients with positive (R1) resection margins and are underpowered. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients undergoing resection of gallbladder adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2015. Patients presenting with metastatic disease, those who received neoadjuvant therapy, and those with fewer than 3 lymph nodes assessed were excluded. 1:1 propensity score matching was used to develop cohorts undergoing either R0 or R1 resection, matched for demographic, pathologic, and facility characteristics. Kaplan Meier (KM) analysis was used to assess the association between margin status and overall survival (OS). Results: 1,573 patients met inclusion criteria. 1,401 underwent R0 and 172 underwent R1 resection. On KM analysis of propensity-matched cohorts, patients undergoing R0 resection had a median OS that was one year longer than those undergoing R1 resection (25.2 ± 1.9 months vs 12.9 ± 1.6 months, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients presenting with resectable gallbladder adenocarcinoma, margin-negative resection is associated with significant improvement in OS.
Impact of New Variants on SAR-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neutralization: A Molecular Assessment of the Alterations in the Spike-Host Protein Interactions

Background: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Delta variant that became the dominant variant in the US and UK within weeks, necessitates a rational assessment of their impact on the recognition and potential neutralization of the virus by the host cells. Method: We carried out an extensive comparative analysis of the interactions of the variants with cognate molecules (ACE2, furin, or heparin), neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using in silico models and simulations, in addition to Nb-binding assays conducted for the Delta variant. Findings: The results shed light on the molecular origin of experimental observations and help make predictions on the impact of variants that have not been experimentally established to date. Notably, the increased ACE2-binding affinity of variants containing the N501Y or E484K mutations can be traced to the time-dependent disruption and/or formation of interfacial salt bridges, not necessarily apparent from structural models but detected by extensive molecular dynamics simulations. The analysis also explains why the South African variant has an increased tendency to evade mAbs such as REGN10933 (casirivimab), LY-CoV016 (etesevimab), LY-CoV555 (bamlanivimab), BD23, and C105 or the nanobody H11-H4, while being insensitive to others including REGN10987 (imdevimab). Simulations also show the distinctive response of the Delta variant to different antibodies, including the minimal effect on the neutralizing activity of the nanobody Nb20, which is confirmed by our experiments. This contrasts the reduction in the potency of the Eli Lilly mAb LY-CoV555.Interpretations. Of interest are critical substitutions T478K, L452R and P681R in the Delta variant that may explain its increased transmissibility. The former two tend to enhance the associations with ACE2 and heparin. The third, P681R, located at a putative superantigenic site, plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency of proteolytic cleavage and thus accelerating viral entry, because the polybasic wildtype motif P 681 RRAR serving as recognition site for the polyacidic binding epitope of furin-like proteolytic enzymes is rendered even more basic and attractive upon this substitution. The distinctive behavior of the variants vis-a-vis different types of Abs highlights the significance of carrying out full-atomic structure- and dynamics-dependent studies for assessing the specific response of different Abs to newly emerging variants. Funding: National Institutes of Health (NIGMS and NAIAD awards) and a MolSSI COVID-19 Seed Software Fellowship. Declaration of Interest: Ethical Approval:
Successful outcomes with transplanting kidneys from deceased donors with acute kidney injuryon temporary renal replacement therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine outcomes with transplanting kidneys from deceased donors with severe acute kidney injury requiring acute renal replacement therapy (RRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 172 recipients received a kidney from donors with acute kidney injury stage 3 (AKIN3) requiring RRT. We compared the study group to 528 recipients who received a kidney from donors with AKIN stage 3 not on RRT and 463 recipients who received < 85% Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) AKIN stage 0 kidney. RESULTS The study group donors were younger compared to the 2 control groups. Despite higher DGF in the study group, the length of hospital stay and acute rejection were similar. Death censored graft survival (96% AKIN3-RRT vs. 97%AKIN3 no RRT vs. 96% KDPI < 85% AKIN0, P = 0.26) and patient survival with functioning graft at 1 year (95% across all groups, P = 0.402) were similar. The estimated glomerular filtration rate were similar across the 3 groups after first month. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy score ≥ 2 on protocol biopsy at time 0, 4 and 12 months were similar. Primary nonfunction was rare and associated with high KDPI. CONCLUSIONS Transplanting selected kidneys from deceased donors with AKIN3 requiring RRT is safe and has good outcomes.
Trends in Race and Ethnicity Among Matriculants to US Oncology Training Programs, 2015-2020

The demographics of practicing physicians in the US have not represented the diverse populations they serve, and there is no exception in oncology care.1,2 Recognizing the detrimental effects of these disparities on public health, oncology training programs have instilled benchmarks and initiatives to increase diversity among oncology physicians nationwide.3 However, data about representation in oncology specialties and the impact of these initiatives is lacking. This study aims to assess underrepresented minority (URM; ie, Black or African American individuals, Hispanic or Latino individuals, and Native American, American Indian, or Alaskan Native individuals) representation trends across training programs in oncology specialties from 2015 to 2020.
A new liquid selection system for mature citrus transformation

Abstract Gravity Wells are attachments for We-V liquid culture vessels designed to gradually dispense liquid medium into the vessels during in vitro plant propagation. The objective of this study was to compare Agrobacterium-mediated mature citrus rootstock selection in We-V vessels with Gravity Wells to the standard transformation protocol using semi-solid medium and to determine which kanamycin concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg/l) were best for liquid selection. Two mature citrus rootstocks were each transformed with a binary vector: Kuharske rootstock was transformed with pGNA, and US-942 rootstock was transformed with pGNS. The in vitro plant growth period was for a total of seven weeks, in which the explants were incubated in the dark on semi-solid medium for three weeks, followed by four weeks in the light in liquid or semi-solid medium. In total, 108 Kuharske transgenics and 40 US-942 transgenics were obtained over all treatments. The two cultivars were analyzed separately using ANOVAs. The response variables analyzed were the mean number of shoots longer than 2 mm (MSL>2), the mean transformation efficiency based on the number of explants (TEE), and the mean transformation efficiency based on the number of screened shoots (TES). For Kuharske and US-942, there were significant differences among kanamycin concentrations and between liquid vs semi-solid medium with liquid medium being superior to semi-solid medium because of an increased TES while also lowering MSL>2. The TEE variable was also significant for Kuharske, but it was not for US-942. US-942 formed fewer organogenic shoots in all other treatments. Selection at higher kanamycin concentrations (150 and 200 mg/l) yielded more transgenics and fewer shoots had to be screened using We-V vessels with gravity wells. PCR confirmed the presence of the transgenes, and Southern blots showed integration of the nptII transgene into the genome.
Discussion with Irving Mintzer

Ms. Werner: On the issue of your upcoming trip to Africa what do you think of the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Africa, with the exception of South Africa and Egypt? Per capita, CO2 emissions in Africa are the lowest in the world.
Resonance Raman Scattering from FA(Li)-centers in KCl

Raman scattering due to very small concentrations of point defects in crystals may become observable by using light for the excitation whose energy is close to some resonance energy of the defect system. This has been clearly demonstrated by Worlock and Porto(1) in their investigation of F-center Raman scattering in NaCl and KCl. We apply this method in a study of FA(Li) centers in KCl. We expect to observe Raman spectra of those lattice vibrations which interact with the excited states of the defect (2). The presence of the defect in the crystal destroys the translation symmetry of the lattice and thereby makes one-phonon scattering allowed for certain types of perturbed lattice modes throughout the Brillouin zone. In the unperturbed NaCl structure one-phonon scattering processes are forbidden by symmetry and only a relatively weak two-phonon scattering is present.
The Active Species of "CO2" Utilized by Ribulose Diphosphate Carboxylase

Abstract The active species of "CO2", i.e. CO2 or HCO3-, utilized in the ribulose diphosphate carboxylase reaction was determined with the use of homogeneous preparations of the spinach enzyme. Employing an assay system predicated upon the observation that the hydration of CO2 requires more than 60 sec to reach equilibrium at temperatures below 15°, data were obtained which are quite compatible with those expected if CO2 is the active species.
Revisión judicial en la República de Corea: Introducción

En la Rep ublica de Corea, tras casi cuarenta anos de disposiciones de rango constitucional en las que se consagraba el control constitucional, la Constitucion de 1987 establecio un sistema efectivo de poderes de control constitucional otorgados a la Corte Constitucional. Ademas de revisar la constitucionalidad de las leyes, la Corte tiene la autoridad para decidir sobre la disolucion de partidos politicos, la destitucion de altos funcionarios, conflictos de competencia, y recursos de proteccion de derechos individuales. Los poderes antes enunciados han dado a la Corte una posicion especial dentro del sistema democratico de Corea del Sur, habilitandola para ampliar el significado de la Constitucion y extender su proteccion respecto de la cotidianidad de los ciudadanos.
Genetically engineered mouse models of human breast cancer

This presentation will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of currently available mouse models for mammary cancer. The major underlying premise is that we cannot understand, investigate, and hopefully cure breast cancer without animal models and that for a variety of biological, scientific, economic, and ethical reasons rodents represent the best available model systems for mammary cancer. This being said, how accurately do rodent models reflect the human condition and what are the characteristics of an ideal model system? Do they reflect the molecular complexity and stochastic nature of human breast cancer and do they represent an appropriate format for testing of newly developed agents that specifically interact with designated molecular targets? In addition, a case will be made for understanding the natural history of mammary cancer following treatment and that too often the development of a tumor is seen as an endpoint and not as a beginning. Finally, it is clear that we have a very poor understanding of precursor lesions in rodents and it will be critical to understand how these relate to fully developed malignant tumors before the full potential of these models can be realized.
Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells throughout the nervous and endocrine systems, which produce and secrete regulatory hormones. NETs commonly originate in: (1) argentaffin cells of the gut, resulting in carcinoid tumors, (2) endocrine cells in the pancreas, (3) calcitonin-producing thyroid cells, resulting in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and (4) parathyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands. Although NETs are relatively rare and more indolent than other malignancies, occasionally they can be aggressive. Early diagnosis and accurate identification of primary tumors and metastases are necessary to appropriately treat patients before they develop complications from an aggressive disease. Imaging plays an important role in locating primary tumors, staging, and preoperative planning for resection of primary tumor and metastatic disease, and patient monitoring (follow-up). This chapter will focus on imaging modalities commonly used to diagnose and stage NETs with origins primarily in the abdomen, including gastrointestinal (GI) carcinoids, pancreatic islet-cell tumors, pheochromocytomas, and paragangliomas.
Virgo Galaxies with Extreme CO/HI Ratios

We discuss the nature of three SO-Sa galaxies in the Virgo cluster which are extremely HI-poor, yet have significant CO and FIR emission. The high CO/HI flux ratios of these galaxies indicate that they have 10–30 times more molecular gas than atomic gas. One of these galaxies, NGC 4419, has a significantly asymmetric CO distribution. We suggest that these galaxies are undergoing or have undergone severe interactions with the intracluster medium, perhaps accelerating their evolution from spirals to lenticulars.
Mapping of a Locus for Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

A mutation affecting unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli has been mapped. This mutation, which is in the fabB locus, lies between the aroC and purF loci.
A circadian timing mechanism in the cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria such as Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1, and Synechocystis species strain PCC 6803 have an endogenous timing mechanism that can generate and maintain a 24 h (circadian) periodicity to global (whole genome) gene expression patterns. This rhythmicity extends to many other physiological functions, including chromosome compaction. These rhythmic patterns seem to reflect the periodicity of availability of the primary energy source for these photoautotrophic organisms, the Sun. Presumably, eons of environmentally derived rhythmicity--light/dark cycles--have simply been mechanistically incorporated into the regulatory networks of these cyanobacteria. Genetic and biochemical experimentation over the last 15 years has identified many key components of the primary timing mechanism that generates rhythmicity, the input pathways that synchronize endogenous rhythms to exogenous rhythms, and the output pathways that transduce temporal information from the timekeeper to the regulators of gene expression and function. Amazingly, the primary timing mechanism has evidently been extracted from S. elongatus PCC 7942 and can also keep time in vitro. Mixing the circadian clock proteins KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC from S. elongatus PCC 7942 in vitro and adding ATP results in a circadian rhythm in the KaiC protein phosphorylation state. Nonetheless, many questions still loom regarding how this circadian clock mechanism works, how it communicates with the environment and how it regulates temporal patterns of gene expression. Many details regarding structure and function of the individual clock-related proteins are provided here as a basis to discuss these questions. A strong, data-intensive foundation has been developed to support the working model for the cyanobacterial circadian regulatory system. The eventual addition to that model of the metabolic parameters participating in the command and control of this circadian global regulatory system will ultimately allow a fascinating look into whole-cell physiology and metabolism and the consequential organization of global gene expression patterns.
Mutual and Non-Mutual Social Support: Cultural Differences in the Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Effects of Support Seeking

Social support seeking is not uniformly beneficial for different cultural groups, and in fact, is experienced as less helpful and more distressing for Asians and Asian Americans compared with European Americans. However, relationship factors that may attenuate this cross-cultural difference are little understood. We examined the effects of mutual (i.e., interdependent) and non-mutual support on psychological, biological, and behavioral stress responses to support seeking using a laboratory stressor paradigm. Findings show that across all three distress indicators, East Asian Americans were more benefited when they construed support as mutual versus non-mutual, whereas European Americans’ response did not differ by support condition. Furthermore, the data support previous research showing that Asian Americans are more likely to seek support from discretionary (i.e., peers) than obligatory ties (i.e., parents). Our discussion addresses cultural differences in the priority placed on mutuality, interdependenc...
The R-Matrix Method for Electron-Molecule Scattering: Theory and Computation

The R-matrix method has proven itself to be a useful tool for the study of the collisions of electrons with diatomic molecules. In principle the technique can be extended to treat polyatomic species but no applications have been reported to date. The idea behind the method is to divide configuration space into regions or boxes, solve the Schrodinger equation in each box separately and to then match the solutions on the surface bounding adjacent regions. The motivation for this division of space is the recognition that the dominant physics governing the behavior of the incident particle may be different in each spatial region. This allows us to develop numerical methods which are best suited for each box. In the electron-molecule scattering problem when the incident electron is “near” the target electrons and nuclei it is subject to strong, non-central electrostatic forces. As a consequence we must take proper account of electron correlation and anti-symmetry in this internal region. The problem becomes one of calculating the electronic wave-function of a compound (N+1) particle system and is therefore quite similar to the molecular structure problems treated by quantum chemists. When the incident electron is “far” away from the target it is subject to weak electrostatic forces of multi-polar form and rotational and vibrational coupling terms which may now be of comparable strength to the electrostatic terms. Since the electron is far away and thus distinguishable from the target electrons it is possible to ignore anti-symmetry of target and incident particle. The neglect of anti-symmetry leads to a very important simplification; there are no longer any non-local potentials in the problem. The Schrodinger equation can be reduced to the solution of a set of coupled differential equations. The number of channels which must be included in the external region is of course infinite, but in practice can be truncated to a manageable set of equations. If rotational and vibrational terms are smaller than the electrostatic forces in the external region it is possible to reduce the complexity of the problem even further. In any case the solution of even a large set of coupled differential equations on a modern day computer is a manageable task.
Mechanisms of Plasma‐Enhanced Silicon Nitride Deposition Using SiH4 / N 2 Mixture

The mechanism of plasma‐enhanced vapor deposition of silicon nitride is studied by varying process parameters, such as substrate temperature, rf power, reactant gas ratio, and total pressure. The film composition (Si, N, O, and H) is determined by electron microprobe and infrared analysis. From these analyses, it is established that the film composition is determined not only by the reactant gas ratio, but also by a combined function of the rf power and total pressure in terms of , with a system‐dependent factor. The dependence of film composition on can be related to the radical generation processes. The substrate temperature is found to affect the film composition as well. Greater substrate temperature produces films with less hydrogen and more nitrogen, and hence, higher density. The film dielectric property and plasma etching rate are both studied and found to be dependent on the film composition. Finally, a three‐step deposition mechanism, namely, radical generation, radical adsorption, and adatom rearrangement, is proposed to explain the reaction scheme, and an ion incorporation mechanism is proposed to explain the change of film physical properties.
Managerial Compensation in the Financial Service Industry

CEO compensation in the financial sector has been a controversial topic following the financial crisis. I use a new dataset with detailed information on CEO remuneration of major international banks from 2000 to 2008 to give a comprehensive overview of compensation practices in banking throughout the world, the impact on risk and bank policy choices and the determinants. I show that remuneration had an impact on bank performance during the financial crisis. Banks which endowed their CEO with high risk taking incentives performed worse in the period after the Lehman collapse in terms of accounting performance. Banks which granted more stocks performed better. Using simultaneous equation models I show that over time bank risk has been positively correlated with CEOs' risk taking incentives. From a bank policy perspective high vega low delta CEOs rely on riskier, fee based activities and higher leverage. I investigate the role of corporate governance and regulation on CEO compensation. Banks from countries with strong regulation react stronger to bank risk when setting their compensation contracts, on the other hand they grant more equity based compensation. Weak boards lead banks to rely more on equity based compensation and weak compensation committees implement option contracts with characteristics that are more favorable for the CEO.
Differential Responses of Respiratory Nuclei to Anoxia in Rhythmic Brain Stem Slices of Mice

The response of the neonatal respiratory system to hypoxia is characterized by an initial increase in ventilation, which is followed within a few minutes by a depression of ventilation below baseli...