cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow of the Game: A Hidden Markov Model of Player Game-play and Reward Ads Watching Behavior in Online Mobile Games

With the rapid development of mobile technology and consumers’ increasing demand for portability, the mobile gaming market has experienced huge growth. To ensure the success of mobile games, game publishers need to keep their players engaged and, at the same time, seek monetization strategies that do not interrupt players’ engagement. Reward ads, a relatively new and increasingly popular in-app advertising monetization model in which players can voluntarily watch an ad in exchange for a reward within the game, can help publishers generate revenue without breaking the flow of the game. This paper builds a Hidden Markov Model to examine how players’ intrinsic motivation factors and reward ads affect mobile game players' dynamic engagement state evolution. Using detailed tapstream data from a mobile game app, we find that player's engagement transition is a complex process, and players in high, medium, or low engagement states respond differently to different factors. First, watching reward ads can help players to transition to a higher engagement level, and the magnitude of the positive effect diminishes as players transition to higher engagement states. Second, there is an inverted-U shape between the fluctuation of the perceived difficulty and the propensity of moving to or staying at a higher engagement level. Third, the perceived difficulty is helpful for players who are in a low or high engagement state, and a feeling of achievement has a positive effect on players in all states. Finally, players in a low engagement level are more likely to watch reward ads compared with players in a medium engagement level, and players are more likely to watch reward ads when games become difficult. The findings enhance the understanding of players' engagement and motivations to play mobile games and provide design guidance for mobile game publishers.
MRI with neck extension to diagnose cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

A 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with idiopathic transverse myelitis. Her symptoms had begun with hand (ulnar distribution) and feet numbness, followed by progressive lower limb weakness and reverse Lhermitte’s phenomenon (neck extension provoking electrical sensations radiating to the spine and limbs) worsening over 2 months. Initial MR scan of cervical spine showed a T2-hyperintense lesion from C5–C7 (figure 1A,B) with a transverse band of enhancement at C5–C6 (figure 2A,B). MR scans of brain, thoracic and lumbar spine were essentially normal. She had negative aquaporin-4 antibody, rapid plasma reagin, HIV, antinuclear antibody, SSA/anti-Ro and SSB/anti-La antibodies and normal serum vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid. Lumbar puncture was not performed. After an initial diagnosis of idiopathic transverse myelitis, she was referred to our unit 7 months after symptom onset. By then she required help to walk at home and was using a wheelchair for longer distances. Figure 1 MR scan of cervical spine (sagittal and axial T2-weighted images) 2 months after symptom onset with the neck in the neutral position (A, B); 4 months after onset with the …
MEASURING TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE

This article examines the issue of transportation performance in terms of mobility, accessibility, livability, and sustainability. Whereas levels of service relate to facilities, "mobility" generally pertains to populations, "accessibility" to land uses, "livability" to communities, and "sustainability" to developments.
Shallow-water and terrestrial brachyuran crabs of Roatan and the Swan Islands, Honduras

Abstract There are relatively few published accounts of Brachuyra from the northwestern Caribbean and none dealing specifically with the Bay Islands and Swan Islands off mainland Honduras. Brachyura were collected from shallow-water and terrestrial habitats at the Swan Islands from April 1973 through June 1976 and at Roatan and other Bay Islands from May 1975 through March 1979. Sixty-seven species are reported including 32 from the Swan Islands and 50 from Roatan. Of these, 21 species were not previously reported from northwestern Caribbean waters. One new species of Potamocarcinus was discovered in a freshwater stream at Port Royal, Roatan. Species diversity was greater at Roatan resulting primarily from the much greater diversity of habitats.
Rethinking the Economy of Mughal India: Lateral Perspectives

This article seeks to reopen the argument regarding the economic structure of the Mughal Empire. The field saw vigorous debate in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by a stalemate. I seek to move beyond this impasse, first by studying British efforts at implementing a neo-Mughal tax system. This retrospective exhibits the practical difficulties that make it unlikely that the Mughals ever fully implemented their program. I then deploy underused Marathi sources to see what well-informed contemporaries guessed about the real working of the empire and analyze the effects of regimes of power in the creation and survival of the information that constitutes our evidence. I end by connecting key aspects of my structural analysis with the expansion of international trade and with India’s political economy in the transition to British rule.
Ensuring localizability of node attacks in consensus networks via feedback graph design

In this paper we consider the problem of localizability of attacks in continuous-time consensus networks. In our previous work [1] we showed that if a consensus network is divided into clusters, then a supervisor can successfully localize the cluster in which an attack may have been launched by simply inspecting the sign patterns of the residues corresponding to the slow poles of its input-output transfer function (TF). A necessary condition for localizability, however, was that the attack must enter through a node that guarantees this TF to be minimal. In case the attacker knows the identity of the so-called zero nodes from where the TFs are non-minimal, and chooses to launch the attack at any of them, then the supervisor cannot localize the attack.We show that this problem can be bypassed by designing a state-feedback controller that equivalently changes the algebraic properties of the underlying network graph, and thereby restores minimality of the TF. We illustrate the approach by simulating a three-area, 30-node graph, and highlighting the performance trade-offs that come as a price of localizability.
Evolution of the Protein Repertoire

A protein is at once the translation product of a gene, a polymer of amino acids folded in three-dimensional space, a molecular machine imparting a function, and a small – but often critical – component of the cell's physiology. Each of these facets of a protein is inherently linked to the others; yet, each is impacted by evolutionary processes differently. The evolution of the protein repertoire involves a broad variety of phenomena, many of which are understood in considerable detail. The aim of this chapter is to provide a panoramic survey of the subject, and to relate the molecular mechanisms of evolution to their effects on proteins, the genes that encode them, and the physiological networks that they populate. Keywords: Allosteric regulation; Convergent evolution; Cooperativity; Directed evolution; Divergent evolution; Gene cluster; Gene duplication; Homolog; Homologous recombination; Horizontal gene transfer; Metabolic network; Metabolic pathway; Metabolome; Multiprotein complex; Neofunctionalization; Nonsynonymous substitution; Operon; Ortholog; Paralog; Phylogenomics; Phylogeny; Point mutation; Protein domain; Protein primary structure; Protein quaternary structure; Protein repertoire; Protein secondary structure; Protein tertiary structure; Protein–protein interaction network; Proteome; Pseudogene; Regulatory network; Subfunctionalization; Synonymous substitution; Trans-splicing; Transcriptome
Getting The Most Out Of Graduate School

What you learn in graduate school can be the foundation for a life-long learning experienceand a successful career, but it takes more than a good undergraduate preparation and a desireto get an advanced degree to get the most out of graduate school. The following are some bitsof advice and recommendations based on my own experience – as a student and as a facultymember – and on what I have learnt from my students. Although these comments areaddressed largely to graduate students in science and engineering, many of the observationshere should be of use to all graduate students regardless of the discipline. Some of the booksin the list of annotated references at the end of this article have detailed guidelines on specificissues you may face during your studies and beyond. One of the books listed, by CarlDjerassi, a renowned chemist, is a fictionalized account of the competition and personal,professional and ethical issues faced by graduate students and faculty involved in day-to-dayresearch. Another, by James Watson of the DNA fame, is a real-life story that reads almostlike fiction. I have included these two books so that you have more than a list of dry, self-helpbooks, but these two books will probably teach you more than all the other books.
Effects of a Synthetic Predator Odor (TMT) on Freezing, Analgesia, Stereotypy, and Spatial Memory

Exposing rats to the predator odor of trimethylthiazoline (TMT), obtained from the red fox, was compared to exposure to the novel control odor of citronella. In E)(periment 1, TMT produced defensive freezing and an analgesic reaction that was reversed by an opiate antagonist. In Experiment 2, TMT augmented response stereotypy induced by an amphetamine injection. In Experiment 3, TMT interfered with working memory during 30-s, but not O-s, delay trials of a spatial-alternation task. However, a larger amount of TMT disrupted performance during delay and no-delay trials. In Experiment 4, TMT impaired the recall of the location of a hidden platform in a Morris water maze, and a preexposure injection of a benzodiazepine agonist prevented this deficit. These findings and their implications are discussed in terms of research involving similar paradigms with other stressors.
The chemical composition of the sun and the solar system.

Primordial solar system chemical composition for studies of origin and evolution, compiling solar composition data
Identification of an N-Terminal Region of Sigma 54 Required for Enhancer Responsiveness

Sigma 54 associates with bacterial core RNA polymerase and converts it into an enhancer-responsive enzyme. Deletion of the N-terminal 40 amino acids is known to result in loss of the ability to respond to enhancer binding proteins. In this work PCR mutagenesis and genetic screens were used to identify a small patch, from amino acids 33 to 37, that is required for proper response to activator in vivo. Site-directed single point mutants within this segment were constructed and studied. Two of these were defective in responding to the enhancer binding protein in vitro. The mutants could still direct the polymerase to bind to DNA and initiate transient melting. However, they failed in directing activator-dependent formation of a heparin-stable open complex. Thus, amino acid region 33 to 37 includes critical activation response determinants. This region overlaps the larger leucine patch negative-control region, suggesting that anti-inhibition and positive activation are closely coupled events.
Role of the avian retroviral protease in the activation of reverse transcriptase during virion assembly.

The retroviruses of the avian sarcoma-leukosis virus group synthesize their viral protease (PR) in two precursor forms--as a carboxy-terminal domain of the Gag precursor and as an embedded domain within the Gag-Pol precursor. We have shown previously that the Gag-derived PR is fully capable of processing the Gag precursor in the absence of the embedded PR (R.P. Bennett, S. Rhee, R.C. Craven, E. Hunter, and J.W. Wills, J. Virol. 65:272-280, 1991). In this study, we examined the question of whether or not the PR domain of Gag-Pol has an essential role in the maturation of the Pol proteins. The Gag-Pol precursor was expressed in the absence of Gag by use of a simian virus 40-based vector in which the gag and pol reading frames were fused. The fusion protein accumulated to high levels in transfected cells without being released into the medium but could be rescued into particles by coexpression of the Gag protein from a second vector. The resulting particles contained mature Gag and Pol proteins and active reverse transcriptase (RT). Using this complementation system, the effects of PR defects in the Gag and/or Gag-Pol proteins on the activation of RT were examined. The results showed that the presence of a functional PR on the Gag precursor, but not on Gag-Pol, was required for full activation of RT. The embedded PR of Gag-Pol was unable to carry out any detectable processing of the Gag precursor and was able to activate RT to only a low level in the absence of a functional Gag PR domain. Finally, some point mutations in the Gag-Pol PR domain inhibited activation of RT in trans by a wild-type PR, suggesting that the correct conformation of the PR domain in Gag-Pol is prerequisite for activation of RT.
Hume's Unified Theory of Mental Representation

On its face, Hume's account of mental representation involves at least two elements. On the one hand, Hume often seems to write as though the representational properties of an idea are fixed solely by what it is a copy or image of. But, on the other, Hume's treatment of abstract ideas (and other similar cases) makes it clear that the representational properties of a Humean idea sometimes depend, not just on what it is copied from, but also on the manner in which the mind associates it with other ideas. Past interpretations of Hume have tended to focus on one of these elements of his account to the neglect of the other. But no interpretation of this sort is likely to capture the role that both copying and association play within Hume's discussion. In what follows, I argue that the most plausible way of understanding Hume's discussion involves attributing to him a unified account of mental representation in which both of these elements play a central role. I close by discussing the manner in which reading Hume in this way would alter our understanding of the relationship between Hume's thought and contemporary philosophy of mind.
The Objectivity of Wellbeing

Subjective theories of wellbeing place authority concerning what benefits a person with that person herself, or limit wellbeing to psychological states. But how well off we are seems to depend on two different concerns, how well we are doing and how well things are going for us. I argue that two powerful subjective theories fail to adequately account for this and that principled arguments favoring subjectivism are unsound and poorly motivated. In the absence of more compelling evidence that how things go for us cannot directly constitute our wellbeing, I conclude that wellbeing is objective.
A study of commuter aircraft design

This paper investigates the impact of configuration considerations, mission requirements, and performance constraints on conceptual commuter aircraft designs. Emphasis is placed on direct comparisons between turbofan and turboprop powered aircraft in the 10-30 passenger class. The analysis is accomplished using a computerized aircraft synthesis model that simulates the aircraft design and mission. The resulting conceptual aircraft are similar in size and performance regardless of engine type but the turboprop offers more mission flexibility
Ochrobactrum anthropi : a rare cause of pneumonia

Ochrobactrum anthropi, a Gram-negative bacillus, is an unusual human pathogen. It has been implicated primarily in catheter-related bloodstream infections. Sporadic cases of infection at other body sites have been reported. Pneumonia, however, is an exceedingly rare clinical manifestation; only one case has been reported in the medical literature so far. We present another case of lower respiratory tract infection secondary to O. anthropi in a patient who was critically ill, but recovered with a favorable outcome. We have provided an overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of infections due to this rare microorganism.
EVOLUTION OF DARK MATTER PHASE-SPACE DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN EQUAL-MASS HALO MERGERS

We use dissipationless N-body simulations to investigate the evolution of the true coarse-grained phase-space density distribution f(x, v) in equal-mass mergers between dark matter (DM) halos. The halo models are constructed with various asymptotic power-law indices ρ ∝ r –γ ranging from steep cusps to core-like profiles and we employ the phase-space density estimator "EnBid" developed by Sharma & Steinmetz to compute f(x, v). The adopted force resolution allows robust phase-space density profile estimates in the inner ~1% of the virial radii of the simulated systems. We confirm that merger events result in a decrease of the coarse-grained phase-space density in accordance with expectations from Mixing Theorems for collisionless systems. We demonstrate that binary mergers between identical DM halos produce remnants that retain excellent memories of the inner slopes and overall shapes of the phase-space density distribution of their progenitors. The robustness of the phase-space density profiles holds for a range of orbital energies, and a variety of encounter configurations including sequences of several consecutive merger events, designed to mimic hierarchical merging, and collisions occurring at different cosmological epochs. If the progenitor halos are constructed with appreciably different asymptotic power-law indices, we find that the inner slope and overall shape of the phase-space density distribution of the remnant are substantially closer to that of the initial system with the steepest central density cusp. These results explicitly demonstrate that mixing is incomplete in equal-mass mergers between DM halos, as it does not erase memory of the progenitor properties. Our results also confirm the recent analytical predictions of Dehnen regarding the preservation of merging self-gravitating central density cusps.
A novel injectable hydrogel in combination with a surgical sealant in a rat knee osteochondral defect model

Osteochondral defects are frequent, painful, debilitating and expensive to treat, often resulting in poor results. The goal of the present study was to synthesize and characterize a novel biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel comprised of poly(ethylene glycol), gelatin, and genipin, and examine the hydrogel as an injectable biomaterial in combination with a cyanoacrylate-based surgical sealant for cartilage repair. An osteochondral knee defect was generated in 24 rats, then the hydrogel, with or without a surgical sealant, was injected into the defect and followed for 14 days. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel is biocompatible and biodegradable, and that the cyanoacrylate-based surgical sealant is a relatively safe option for maintaining the hydrogel in the defect. This is the first study describing a cyanoacrylate-based surgical sealant in combination with a polymer hydrogel for cartilage repair.
A New Approach to the Stereospecific Synthesis of Phospholipids. The Use of l-Glyceric Acid for the Preparation of Diacylglycerols, Phosphatidylcholines, and Related Derivatives

A new stereospecific synthesis of phospholipid derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols is reported. The synthesis is based on (1) the use of l-glyceric acid as the stereocenter for construction of the optically active phospholipid molecule, (2) preparation of 3-triphenylmethyl-sn-glycerol as the key intermediate for sequential introduction of the primary and secondary acyl functions leading to the chiral diglycerides, and (3) elaboration of the sn-3-phosphodiester headgroup via phosphorylation using 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, followed by ring opening of the five-membered phosphorus heterocycle with trimethylamine, ammonia, as well as oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles. The sequence has been shown to be suitable for the preparation of both symmetric and mixed-chain diacylglycerols with saturated and unsaturated acyl substituents. Phospholipid headgroups including phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine, phosphoethanol, and phosphoethylthioacetate functions have been prepared. Application of the method t...
Seeing oneself seeing oneself: White nihilism in ethnography and theory

Abstract This essay dwells on the intersection of three historical contemporaries: (1) American anthropology's ‘reflexive turn’; (2) the rise of Michel Foucault's motif of ‘the gaze’ within anthropology; and (3) the spread of the aesthetics of ‘white nihilism.’ The intersection materializes in the visual trope of self-reflexivity. White nihilism, according to one account, is a self-loathing kind of reflexive gaze, preemptive of criticism and desirous of self-possession. The paper argues that Foucault's idea of the panoptic gaze had a similar effect on anthropological self-reflexivity. The essay contrasts the American reception of Foucault with the case of Francophone anthropology – including ‘the Other Foucault’ – in which self-reflexivity involves self-loss or self-division.
Monomolecular films of some acetylated disaccharides of glucose at the air—aqueous interface

Abstract The monolayer properties of four acetylated disaccharides of D-glucose have been investigated on concentrated ammonium sulfate substrates. The sugars were characterized by a varying position and anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage and included the octaacetates of cellobiose (β −1, 4 linkage), maltose (α −1, 4), gentiobiose (β −1, 6), and isomaltose (α −1, 6). In all cases, the pressure-area isotherms were of the gaseous type at low pressures, reflecting a horizontal orientation at the interface with both glucose residues anchored to the subphase. At higher pressures, rotation about the glycosidic linkage is induced in maltose and isomaltose octaacetates, causing one of the glucose residues to tilt out of the plane of the surface. Pressure—induced conformational folding also occurs in gentiobiose octaacetate, although by a different mechanism which reflects the outstanding flexibility of the β − 1, 6 linkage. The isotherm characteristics of cellobiose octaacetate resemble those of certain rigid polycyclic molecules and indicate that both residues of this sugar tilt laterally as a unit from the horizontal to an upright position. This behavior suggests that the β −1, 4 linkage of cellobiose octaacetate is relatively inflexible.
The kinetic response of a stochastic plasma to low frequency perturbations

Following suggestion that substorm breakup might be caused by an interchange or ballooning instability, several magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and gyro-kinetic stability analysis have been performed for plasma sheet magnetic field geometries. However, the stochastic ion dynamics in the highly stressed, thin high-beta near earth plasma sheet violate the locality requirements of MHD and the invarience of the magnetic moment, mu, required by gyro-kinetic theories. In this paper we develop a new linear Vlasov kinetic theory (for low frequency modes omega less than omega(sub b), omega(sub b) being the bounce frequency) which includes the dynamics of stochastic ions.
Accurate determination of molecular structure and vibrational force constants by computation

Characterization of the crystal forces that alter the geometry and vibrations of a molecule when it goes from the free to the solid state requires a comparison of the relevant properties between gas phase studies (usually electron diffraction, microwave spectroscopy, orab initio computation) and solid state experiments (usually x-ray or neutron diffraction). The present state ofab initio computation is reviewed with emphasis on the requirement for high accuracy and reliability, so that small alterations in the crystal can be detected, and on the desirability of carrying out the computations on as large systems as possible.
Mechanical Design of a Regenerative Deflector for the Berkeley 88-Inch Cyclotron

Following the success of a test electrostatic regenerator unit in the Berkeley 88-in. cyclotron, a new regenerative deflection system was built. The system was comprised of a regenerator unit and an electrostatic channel. The regenerator unit was positioned opposite the dee near extraction radius. This unit having a positive voltage gives the last few accelerating internal beam orbits such a bump off their normal orbit paths that their turn-to-turn separation was increased at the entrance to the deflector channel. This separation decreased the amount of beam dumped on the septum and thus increased the efficiency of the deflector. The electrostatic channel consisted of three pairs of electrodes. Each end of each electrode was positioned remotely from the control room where its radial position was also read. This was made possible by the use of a flexible linear ball-bearing unit connected between the electrode end and a motor drive unit located outside the cyclotron vacuum barrier. This same motor unit also drove a system of selsyns for position readout. The entrance septum elevation was also remotely adjustable. The septum was mounted on a linear ball-bearing wedge driven by a unit similar to that used in positioning the electrodes. The regenerative deflector was installed in November 1965 and delivered beam when first tried. It is presently undergoing beam development alternately with delivery of experimental beam.
Does cerebellar LTD mediate motor learning? Toward a resolution without a smoking gun

It should be clear from the above discussion that the putative role of cerebellar LTD will continue to be a debated issue. There is neither a smoking gun experiment that establishes a causal link nor are all four of our criteria solidly satisfied. Even so, these criteria can serve as a road map leading to firmer ground, and we are struck by how far the journey has progressed. Consider, for example, the relative status of these criteria for cerebellar LTD relative to hippocampal LTP and spatial learning. For LTP, the only criterion that has been addressed seriously is necessity for learning, with results approximately equivalent to LTD and eyelid conditioning. Thus, despite the work remaining to be done, the evidence linking LTD to motor learning is better established than for many other form of plasticity in the vertebrate nervous system. With more work, we may eventually find that Marr's theory was more prophetic than emetic.*To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Science, Community, and the Transformation of American Philosophy, 1860-1930

In the first book-length study of American philosophy at the turn of the century, Daniel J. Wilson traces the formation of philosophy as an academic discipline. Wilson shows how the rise of the natural and physical sciences at the end of the nineteenth century precipitated a "crisis of confidence" among philosophers as to the role of their discipline. Deftly tracing the ways in which philosophers sought to incorporate scientific values and methods into their outlook and to redefine philosophy itself, Wilson moves between close analysis of philosophical texts and consideration of professional careers of illustrative philosophers, such as Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey, and Josiah Royce. The author situates the emergence of professional philosophy in the context of the professionalization of American higher education and articulates, in the case of philosophy, the structures and values of a professional discipline. One of the most important consequences of this transformation was a new emphasis on communal theories of truth. Peirce, Dewey, and Royce all developed sophisticated and important theories of community as they were engaged in reshaping and redefining the limits of philosophy. This book will be of great importance for those interested in the history of philosophy, the rise of professions, and American intellectual and educational history, and to all those seeking to understand the contemporary revival of pragmatic thought and theories of community.
α-Synuclein: A therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease?

Abstract Parkinson’s disease is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease with invariant loss of substantia nigra dopamine neurons and striatal projections. This disorder is well known for the associated motoric symptoms including resting tremor and the inability to initiate movement. However, it is now apparent that Parkinson’s disease is a multisystem disorder with patients exhibiting symptoms derived from peripheral nervous system and extra-nigral dysfunctions in addition to the prototypical nigrostriatal damage. Although the etiology for sporadic Parkinson’s disease is unknown, information gleaned from both familial forms of the disease and animal models places misfolded α-synuclein at the forefront. The disease is currently without a cure and most therapies target the motoric symptoms relying on increasing dopamine tone. In this review, the role of α-synuclein in disease pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target focusing on toxic conformers of this protein is considered. The addition of protofibrillar/oligomer-directed neurotherapeutics to the existing armamentarium may extend the symptom-free stage of Parkinson’s disease as well as alleviate pathogenesis.
A Meta-Analysis of Writing Instruction for Students in the Elementary Grades.

In an effort to identify effective instructional practices for teaching writing to elementary grade students, we conducted a meta-analysis of the writing intervention literature, focusing our efforts on true and quasi-experiments. We located 115 documents that included the statistics for computing an effect size (ES). We calculated an average weighted ES for 13 writing interventions. To be included in the analysis, a writing intervention had to be tested in 4 studies. Six writing interventions involved explicitly teaching writing processes, skills, or knowledge. All but 1 of these interventions (grammar instruction) produced a statistically significant effect: strategy instruction (ES = 1.02), adding self-regulation to strategy instruction (ES = 0.50), text structure instruction (ES = 0.59), creativity/imagery instruction (ES = 0.70), and teaching transcription skills (ES = 0.55). Four writing interventions involved procedures for scaffolding or supporting students' writing. Each of these interventions produced statistically significant effects: prewriting activities (ES = 0.54), peer assistance when writing (ES = 0.89), product goals (ES = 0.76), and assessing writing (0.42). We also found that word processing (ES = 0.47), extra writing (ES = 0.30), and comprehensive writing programs (ES = 0.42) resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the quality of students' writing. Moderator analyses revealed that the self-regulated strategy development model (ES = 1.17) and process approach to writing instruction (ES = 0.40) improved how well students wrote. Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029185.supp
384 Evidence That Intrauterine Growth Restriction May Enhance Type Iii Collagen Synthesis in Full-Term Pregnancies

384 Evidence That Intrauterine Growth Restriction May Enhance Type Iii Collagen Synthesis in Full-Term Pregnancies
Analysis of the phase shifting effects of gastrin releasing peptide when microinjected into the suprachiasmatic region

The role of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in phase shifting circadian rhythms was investigated. Microinjection of GRP into the suprachiasmatic region (SCN) region produced only small changes in the phase of free-running circadian activity rhythms in hamsters housed in constant darkness. However, co-administration of GRP with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) produced significantly larger phase delays than GRP alone. These data support the hypothesis that GRP interacts with VIP and PHI within the SCN to induce phase shifts of circadian rhythms.
Direct Effects of an Invasive European Buckthorn Metabolite on Embryo Survival and Development in Xenopus laevis and Pseudacris triseriata

Abstract We demonstrate novel direct effects of an invasive plant metabolite on embryo development in the native Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) and a model organism, African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis). European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) exhibits aggressive growth in amphibian breeding sites and releases the secondary metabolite, emodin, into soil and water. Emodin is known to have several deleterious, bioactive properties in mammals and birds, but its effects on amphibians have not been assessed. We used the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay–Xenopus) protocol to assess the effect of emodin on amphibian development in X. laevis, and modified the assay with P. triseriata to determine whether effects were consistent in a native species occurring within the range of the invasive R. cathartica. We detected and quantified emodin at amphibian breeding ponds that were infested heavily with buckthorn and have experienced recent declines in amphibian diversity and abundance. The X. laevis a...
Approximated dynamical symmetry of two-electron atoms

Abstract the eigenstates of a new set of approximate constants of the motion of two-electron atoms are very nearly those obtained by diagnolizing 1/ r ij within a complex. They easily obtained by reducing SO(4) × SO(4) to SO(4) in a novel way.
Adroitly and Persuasively Preaching to the Microbial Choir

Review of: March of the Microbes: Sighting the Unseen , by John L. Ingraham (2010) . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 326 pages.
Learning Contrastive Connectives in Sentence Realization Ranking

We look at the average frequency of contrastive connectives in the SPaRKy Restaurant Corpus with respect to realization ratings by human judges. We implement a discriminative n-gram ranker to model these ratings and analyze the resulting n-gram weights to determine if our ranker learns this distribution. Surprisingly, our ranker learns to avoid contrastive connectives. We look at possible explanations for this distribution, and recommend improvements to both the generator and ranker of the sentence plans/realizations.
Tapis/Tapisserie: Marie Cuttoli, Fernand Léger and the Muralnomad

Tapestry's obscured origins and modernist revival reveal a historic fluidity between floor and wall, between function and display, between horizontality and verticality, producing unstable signific...
Heterogeneity, polydispersity, and physiologic role of corneal proteoglycans.

Gel chromatography, affinity chromatography, ultracentrifugation, enzymic fragmentation, and analysis of amino acids, hexosamines and neutral sugars were used to characterize a heterogeneous fraction of proteoglycans from bovine corneal stroma. The results indicate that the fraction largely consists of a mixture of the 2 main types of corneal proteoglycans described earlier, namely keratan sulfate proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans with covalently bound oligosaccharides. Models for the structure of proteoglycans are suggested, an it is concluded that the molecular size of corneal proteoglycans makes them appropriate as ‘spacers’ between the collagen fibrils, a property important for corneal transparency. Cornea is softer than cartilage because corneal proteoglycans are less underhydrated than cartilage proteoglycans.
Response to “The luminous experience and the scientific method” by Oliver Nichelson

Acknowledging the cultural shaping of near-death experiences makes possible a deeper and more sophisticated appreciation of their meaning and validity.
Measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein in early infancy: utilization of dried blood specimens.

Summary: Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations were measured in dried blood spots and the biologic half-life of AFP was determined during the first month after parturition. AFP Mood levels, in babies at all birthweight groups during the first wk, were partitioned according to birthweight and sex. A synthetic surge of serum AFP at postnatal day 3 was observed in babies of the low birthweight category ( 8 Ib 8 oz), categories. All babies weighing less than 6 Ib 8 oz, regardless of prematurity likewise displayed the synthetic surge. The sex of the infant appeared to have no influence on AFP serum concentrations. In a population of infants ranging in age from 1–30 days, the biologic apparent half-life of AFP was calculated as 5.7 days; however, the half-life of AFP was found to differ among the three groups of infants when subdivided by birthweight and was higher (7.7 days) in babies of low birthweight. Our determination of 2 S.D. cutoff values for AFP in the first wk of life should prompt further studies in which the relationship of AFP to newborn disorders should be more fully explored.
Could it happen again? Catholic Church Image Repair Strategies in the Revocation of the Excommunication of the Four Lefebvrian Bishops

Abstract This paper applies the theory of image restoration discourse to the public outcry over the Pope's 2009 revocation of the excommunication of four schismatic Society of Saint Pius X Bishops. The author argues that the Church correctly implemented image restoration strategies, but that the very organizational and rhetorical characteristics of the Church complicate the articulation of an adequate, timely response easily digestible by the media and public opinion.
Cosegregation of a Factor VIII Microsatellite Marker with Mild Hemophilia A in Golden Retriever Dogs

Mild hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) was diagnosed in Golden Retrievers and pedigree studies were undertaken to test the cosegregation of an intragenic factor VIII marker with the disease phenotype. The study population consisted of 30 client-owned dogs (22 males and 8 females). Hemophilic males (n = 12) typically demonstrated prolonged bleeding after trauma or surgery rather than spontaneous hemorrhagic events. The affected males had a proportionate reduction in factor VIII coagulant activity (mean FVIII:C = 4%) and factor VIII protein concentration (mean FVIII:Ag = 3%). Twenty-five dogs (10 affected males, 8 clear males, 2 obligate carrier dams, and 5 suspect carrier daughters) were genotyped for a factor VIII microsatellite marker, with allele size assigned by an automated capillary electrophoresis system. Five distinct marker alleles were present in the study pedigree and a 300-base pair allele was found to segregate with the hemophilia A phenotype. The inheritance of the hemophilia-associated allele defined carrier status for 5 suspect daughters of obligate carrier dams. The limitations inherent to linkage analyses (ie, lack of access to key family members and homozygosity at the marker locus) did not preclude carrier detection in this pedigree. We conclude that genotype analysis for the intragenic factor VIII marker can aid in control of canine hemophilia A through enhanced carrier detection.
Epitaxial crystal growth by sputter deposition: Applications to semiconductors. Part 2

Abstract The process of sputtering may be defined as the ejection of target particles due to the impingement of energetic projectile particles. The use of sputtered species as source material to deposit thin films was first reported in the literature in 18521 and has since enjoyed several periods of scientific and commercial interest interspersed with periods of disrepute. However, it is only recently that sufficient understanding of the complex processes occurring during, and simultaneously with. ion bombardment of solid surfaces has developed to result in the ability to reproducably and controllably use sputter deposition to grow high quality single crystal semiconducting thin films. The evolution of the branch of science concerned with ion‐surface interactions has been facilitated by the parallel development of ultra high vacuum technology and highly sensitive microanalytic techniques for identifying the state of scattered particles, sputtered species, and implanted material.
Theory of the spin-torque-driven ferromagnetic resonance in a ferromagnet/normal-metal/ferromagnet structure

We present a theoretical analysis of current driven ferromagnetic resonance in a ferromagnet/normal-metal/ferromagnet tri-layer. This method of driving ferromagnetic resonance was recently realized experimentally by Tulapurkar et al. [Nature 438, 339 (2005)] and Sankey et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 227601 (2006)]. The precessing magnetization rectifies the alternating current applied to drive the ferromagnetic resonance and leads to the generation of a dc voltage. Our analysis shows that a second mechanism to generate a dc voltage, rectification of spin currents emitted by the precessing magnetization, has a contribution to the dc voltage that is of approximately equal size for the thin ferromagnetic films used in the experiment.
Chondroma (cartilaginous choristoma) of the tongue: report of a case.

Soft tissue chondromas are rare benign tumors that primarily arise in tubular bones of the limbs. Oral chondromas are extremely rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. The most common site in the oral cavity is the tongue mucosa. Clinically, the lesion appears as a firm, slow-growing, and painless mass. Histologically, all chondromas show mature cartilage, interspersed with adipose or bony tissue. The vast majority seem to occur in younger individuals.
Optimal left ventricular endocardial pacing sites for cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Objectives We sought to investigate the impact of left ventricular (LV) pacing site on mechanical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Background CRT reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with dyssynchronous LV failure; however, variability in response, particularly in ICM patients, poses ongoing challenges. Endocardial biventricular (BiV) stimulation may provide more flexibility in LV site selection and yield more natural transmural activation patterns. Whether this applies to ICM and whether optimal LV endocardial pacing locations vary among ICM patients remain unknown. Methods Peak rate of LV pressure increase (dP/dt max ) was measured at baseline, during VDD pacing at the right ventricular apex, and during BiV pacing from the right ventricular apex and 51 ± 14 different LV endocardial sites in patients with ICM (n = 11). Seven patients already had an epicardial LV lead (CRT) in place, allowing comparison of epicardial BiV stimulation with that using an endocardial site directly transmural to the CRT-coronary sinus lead tip. Electroanatomic 3-dimensional maps with color-coded dP/dt max response defined optimal pacing regions delivering ≥85% of maximal increase in dP/dt max . Results Endocardial BiV pacing improved dP/dt max over right ventricular apex pacing in all patients (mean increase 241 ± 38 mm Hg/s; p max values. However, dP/dt max at the best endocardial site exceeded that achieved with the pre-implanted CRT device (mean increase 111 ± 25 mm Hg/s; p = 0.004). An average of ∼2 optimal endocardial sites were identified for each patient, located at the extreme basal lateral wall (8 of 11 patients) and other regions (9 of 11). Standard mid-LV free wall pacing yielded suboptimal LV function in 73% of patients. Optimal pacing sites were typically located in LV territories remote (9.3 ± 3.6 cm) from the infarct zone. Conclusions CRT delivered at best LV endocardial sites is more effective than via pre-implanted coronary sinus lead pacing. The location of optimal LV endocardial pacing varies among patients with ICM, and individual tailoring may improve CRT efficacy in such patients.
The wedding pavilion: Performing, recreating, and regendering Hindu identity in Houston

Transplanted to the U.S., Hinduism in diaspora cannot provide the same framework for identification it supplied in India. Forced to project new religious, ethnic, and gender identities in North America, numerous Hindus I spoke with in Houston, Texas struggled to explain how Hinduism differed in India by distinguishing it as "a way of life."1 In using that somewhat clich?d characterization, they were no doubt unaware of recent academic discussions of its usefulness in the comparative study of religions (see von Stietencron 1997: 40). Unaccustomed to reflecting on Hinduism in India, these middle-class migrants now find it difficult to explain precisely what that way of life entailed and what they mean by calling it that. My conversations with them seemed to suggest that in the U.S. they now experience a twofold sense of religious disorientation. On the one hand, there is an absence of the multigenerational families and traditional temple culture that they took for granted in India. As a result, lay Hindus find themselves taking a more active role in conceptualizing their religion and transmitting it to their children than they might have assumed in India. On the other hand, the landscapes and soundscapes of Hindu ubiquity in India are missing: the local temples, the amplified bhajans at 4:30 in the morning on festival occasions, the noisy wedding processions in the streets, and all the everyday practices that establish the omnipresence and hegemony of Hinduism as a majority religion. Now relegated to the margins of the U.S. public sphere as a religious (as well as an ethnic) minority, Hindus in Houston have to reconstrue the Hinduism they left behind in India to make it more consistent with the characteristic space-time of what geographer Edward Soja (19%) calls the North American "technoburb." As a majority in the Indian homeland (although, of course, some Hindus have come directly from East Africa and the Caribbean), their "religious identities'* were "effectively ascribed from birth"
Distributed on-demand MAC scheduling for underwater acoustic networks

In underwater acoustic networks (UANs), due to the unique characteristics of acoustic modems such as long preambles and extremely low transmission rates, contentions are usually costly. As a result, both random access and handshake based MAC protocols do not perform as well as expected. A collision-free approach is therefore considered to more likely achieve a better performance. Following this principle, we propose a collision-free scheduling-based MAC protocol, called DOS, for UANs. DOS is a cluster-based protocol, where each cluster head independently generates on-demand and collision-free schedule for its cluster members using local information. Through pure scheduling and cooperation among neighboring clusters, DOS guarantees collision-free transmissions of both control and data packets. Compared with existing collision-free scheduling based MAC protocols, DOS is distributed and on-demand, i.e., it schedules according to nodes' dynamic transmission requests. Further, DOS does not require CDMA or power adjustment for collision resolution. Extensive simulation results show that DOS far outperforms random access and handshake based MAC protocols. It also achieves a comparable throughput to a centralized scheduling algorithm, and this is a big accomplishment for DOS, a distributed solution.
Vectors of Sub-periodic Bancroftian Filariasis in the Samoa–Tonga Area

So far only two species of mosquitoes, both members of the day-biting scutellaris group, have been considered to be involved in the transmission of sub-periodic Bancroftian filariasis in Samoa and Tonga. Aedes (Stegomyia) polynesiensis Marks, 1951 (= pseudoscutellaris or var. pseudoscutellaris of variegatus or of scutellaris of authors) has been definitely established as an efficient vector in Western Samoa and American Samoa through natural and experimental infections by several workers1–7. The incrimination of A. (S.) tongae Edwards, 1926 as a vector has been entirely circumstantial and based on the similarity of this species with polynesiensis, which it appears to replace in Tonga where a high incidence of filariasis has been reported8–10.
Additional retention for acrylic veneer crowns.

Abstract A simple technique is described to gain additional retention for acrylic resin or plastic veneer crowns.