cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Method-specific knowledge compilation

Generality and scale are important but difficult issues in knowledge engineering. At the root of the difficulty lie two challenging issues: how to accumulate huge volumes of knowledge and how to support heterogeneous knowledge and processing. One approach to the first issue is to reuse legacy knowledge systems, integrate knowledge systems with legacy databases, and enable sharing of the databases by multiple knowledge systems. We present an architecture called HIPED for realizing this approach. HIPED converts the second issue above into a new form: how to convert data accessed from a legacy database into a form appropriate to the processing method used in a legacy knowledge system. One approach to this reformed issue is to use method-specific compilation of data into knowledge. We describe an experiment in which a legacy knowledge system called Interactive Kritik is integrated with an ORACLE database. The experiment indicates the computational feasibility of method-specific data-to-knowledge compilation.
Linear Equations: Solutions and Approximations

In the last chapter we studied autonomous first-order DE models and a few elementary techniques to help understand the qualitative behavior of these models.
AML-1 steps up to the platelets

Conditional removal of the putative tumor suppressor gene Aml1/Runx1 from the bone marrow of mice mimics a human familial platelet disorder ( pages 299–304 ).
Developmental changes affected by Mn deficiency : Mn-Superoxide dismutase, CuZn-Superoxide dismutase, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn in mouse tissues.

The changes in tissue Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were studied in control and Mn-deficient mice during postnatal development. Mn levels were lower in tissues from Mn-deficient mice than in controls throughout development. By day 60, Mn concentration in tissues from Mn-deficient mice was at least 70% lower than that of controls. Cu levels in the two groups did not differ appreciably. Liver Cu concentration was highest at day 5, then decreased. Heart and kidney Cu increased throughout development. Fe concentration in heart and liver was similar in both groups at 1, 5, and 20 days of age, but at day 60, kidney Fe in the Mn-deficient mice was 40% higher than in controls. The developmental pattern for MnSOD activity paralleled that of Mn concentration. At day 5, there were no differences in MnSOD activity between control and deficient mice. By day 60, MnSOD activity in most tissues was at least 50% lower than that of controls, possibly increasing the susceptibility of the Mn deficient animal to oxidative damage.
Fast solution to the surface reconstruction problem

Surface reconstruction from range data acquired using a variety of sources has been a very active area of research in computational vision over the past decade. Generalized splines have emerged as the single most popular approximation tool to this end. In this paper we present a new and fast algorithm for solving the surface reconstruction problem using the membrane spline which yields a C0 surface. Our algorithm for dense data constraints takes O(N) computational time, where N is the number of nodes in the discretization. For sparse data constraints, the algorithm requires O(log N/(pi) 2) iterations with each iteration taking O(N) time. The number of iterations in this case depends on a prespecified error tolerance. We demonstrate the algorithm performance on synthesized sparse range data.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Exploiting data structure locality in the dataflow model

Abstract Although the dataflow model has been shown to allow the exploitation of parallelism at all levels, research of the past decade has revealed several fundamental problems. Synchronization at the instruction level, token matching, coloring, and re-labeling operations have a negative impact on performance by significantly increasing the number of non-compute "overhead" cycles. Recently, many novel hybrid von-Neumann data driven machines have been proposed to alleviate some of these problems. The major objective has been to reduce or eliminate unnecessary synchronization costs through simplified operand matching schemes and increased task granularity. Moreover, the results from recent studies quantifying locality suggest sufficient spatial and temporal locality is present in dataflow execution to merit its exploitation. In this paper we present a data structure for exploiting locality in a data driven environment: the vector cell. A vector cell consists of a number of fixed length chunks of data elements. Each chunk is tagged with a presence bit, providing intra-chunk strictness and inter-chunk non-strictness to data structure access. We describe the semantics of the model, processor architecture and instruction set as well as a Sisal to dataflow vectorizing compiler back-end. The vector cell model is evaluated by comparing its performance to those of both a classical fine-grain dataflow processor employing I-structures and a conventional pipelined vector processor. Results indicate that the model is surprisingly resilient to long memory and communication latencies and is able to dynamically exploit the underlying parallelism across multiple processing elements at run time.
An optimal solution to a wire-routing problem (preliminary version)

A wire-routing problem which arises commonly in the layout of circuits for very large scale integration (VLSI) is discussed. Given the coordinates of terminals u1, u2, ..., un of one component and v1, v2, ..., vn of another, the problem is to lay out n wires so that the ith wire connects ui to vi, and adjacent wires are separated at least by some fixed distance. The solution with minimum wire length is characterized, and an optimal algorithm which constructs it is presented.
Inherited Variation of Response of Feather Pigment to Vitamin D Deficiency

Abstract LILLIE and Bird (1949) reported a difference in the percentage of blackening in feathers of buff varieties of chickens as a result of vitamin D deficiency. Subsequently, experiments were undertaken to determine the possibility of developing two lines on a genetic basis—one resistant to the feather-blackening that results from vitamin D deficiency and the other non-resistant. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE All the Buff Rock and Buff Orpington chicks that were fed the vitamin D deficient diet in trial 2 (Lillie and Bird, 1949) served as foundation stock. Those that exhibited blackening on this diet were consolidated in one pen, and those that exhibited no blackening in another pen. No effort was made to segregate the different members of the two breeds at any time. The breeders were fed a typical breeder mash. During the spring of 1949, chicks were hatched from the two breeding pens. Every chick was pedigreed. The chicks . . .
Sudden death in hospitalized patients: Cardiac rhythm disturbances detected by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring

To determine the cardiac rhythm disturbances underlying sudden death, 15 patients (14 inpatients and 1 outpatient) who had cardiac arrest unexpectedly while undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were identified. Heart disease was present in 11 patients and 7 patients were admitted to the hospital with chest pain before sudden cardiac death occurred. The terminal event at the time of cardiac arrest in 3 (20%) of the 15 patients was a bradyarrhythmia expressed as complete heart block; none survived. A ventricular tachyarrhythmia was the precursor of sudden cardiac death in the remaining 12 patients (80%). Two of these 12 had slow ventricular tachycardia and both died. Five had polymorphous ventricular tachycardia associated with prolonged QT interval (torsade de pointes) and three were receiving a class I antiarrhythmic agent. This rhythm degenerated into ventricular fibrillation in one patient; four of the five patients survived after electrical cardioversion. One patient had ventricular tachycardia followed by asystole. Four patients had ventricular flutter (rate > 250/min) that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation in each case; only one of these four patients survived after cardioversion. Frequent (> 30/h) premature ventricular complexes were present in 9 of 10 patients with ventricular tachycardia or flutter and R on T phenomenon was seen in only 1 patient. In conclusion, a ventricular tachyarrhythmia is usually found on Holter monitoring during sudden cardiac death in hospitalized patients; torsade de pointes (polymorphous ventricular tachycardia) is a frequent cause of sudden death in these patients. Ventricular fibrillation is always preceded by ventricular tachycardia or ventricular flutter.
Thermal analysis of a wet-disk clutch subjected to a constant energy engagement

A combined theoretical and experimental thermal analysis is conducted on the plates within a wet clutch for one engagement. An analytical model using the separation of variables technique is developed to simulate the temperature rise due to the non-conservative friction and relative motion between the steel plates and friction plates of the clutch. A complimentary numerical model is also developed to compute the temperature distribution in the steel plate. The experiment performed included a wet clutch instrumented with thermocouples and installed in a power-shift transmission where the temperature rise during one clutch engagement was measured. The total energy is then estimated by accounting for system inertia, torque and rotating speeds. Finally, the temperature rises predicted by the analytical and numerical models are validated with the experimental data.
Large firms' retiree health benefits before Medicare reform: 2003 survey results.

ABSTRACT: This survey of large, private-sector employers offering retiree health benefits in 2003 provides a detailed baseline of private retiree health plans on the eve of the most sweeping change...
Glycoproteomics: New technology developments and applications provide renewed interest in glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are formed through covalent linkages of sugar residues to specific amino acids in proteins. Both amide and acyl linkages are possible, and the resultant Nglycosylated and O-glycosylated proteins carry remarkable complexity in their oligosaccharide chains. N- and O-glycosylations occur in proteins that remain in the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins in the plasma membrane, and proteins secreted into the extracellular surface. Nglycosylation is localized to Asn residues, in the consensus tripeptide sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr (X is any amino acid except proline). O-glycosylation of proteins occurs commonly on both Ser and Thr residues, as well as posttranslational hydroxylation-created 5-hydroxylysine and 4-hydroxyproline side chains. There are reports of glycosylation to Cys residues. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a modification of serine or threonine side chains of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins [1]. The study of glycoproteins began a very long time ago; progress in understanding their structure and function has awaited the development of methods for the isolation of glycoproteins and glycans and the analysis of the sequences of residues in both polysaccharides and polypeptides. The field of “glycoproteomics” has emerged recently from the global analyses of structures and functions of glycoproteins, similar to the approaches now used in “proteomics.” The
Cerebellar Control of Constrained and Unconstrained Movements. II. EMG and Nuclear Activity

The aim of this study was to see in monkeys if neurons in dentate and lateral interposed deep cerebellar nuclei are preferentially active in relation to certain movements relative to others. Simple...
ON THE FLIGHT DYNAMICS OF AEROELASTIC VEHICLES

The nonlinear equations of motion for an elasic airplane are developed from first principles. Lagrange's Equation and the Principle of Virtual Work are used to generate the equations of motion and strip theory is then employed to obtain closed form integral expressions for the generalized forces. The inertial coupling is minimized by appropriate choice of the body reference axes and by making use of free vibration modes of the body. In addition, particular attention is paid to the simplifying assumptions used during the development of the equations of motion. A unique aspect of this modeling process is that since the generalized aerodynamic forces are determined from closed form, analytic expressions, this method can be used to gain insight into the effects of parameter variations not easily obtained from numerical models. A numerical example is also presented in which the modeling method is applied to a representative elastic aircraft. The model is used to address the effects of aerodynamic coupling which occurs between the rigid body degrees of freedom and the elastic degrees of freedom. Finally, model simplification is addressed and two methods are evaluated. The resulting frequency responses are compared.
Crystalline silicon solar cells with segmented selective emitter by ultraviolet laser doping

A solar cell design with a UV laser doped segmented selective emitter is reported. Several different laser settings are explored to determine the optimum power for this process and it is found that the pitch between the segmented n++ regions is critical to the short circuit current (J sc ) of the cell. An increase of 0.4 mA/cm2 is seen in the J sc when the pitch is increased from 50 µm to 200 µm while maintaining the fill factor of 79%.
A simple variable-length code

Abstract This paper describes a Simple Variable-Length Code (SVLC) that is very efficient, typically within 1% of Huffman coding. Furthermore, it has very low overhead when the ordering of the probabilities is approximately monotonie, which is important for short messages. An inexpensive hardware implementation is described, and a software implementation is included. This paper presents two fast and intuitive algorithms for producing SVLC codes, and an algorithm that produces optimal codes. The fast algorithms are shown to be efficient for several distributions, and optimal when the probabilities are exponentially distributed. The complexities of the fast algorithms are O( K ), and that of the optimal one is O( K log K ), where K is the size of the symbol alphabet.
Motivation, Work Satisfaction, and Teacher Change Among Early Childhood Teachers

This study tests the explanatory power of Deci and Ryan's (1985) self-determination theory as a framework for describing how interactions between early childhood teachers and the systems within which their work is embedded influence motivation for professional growth and change in teaching practice. Fifty-four early childhood teachers and teacher assistants participated in a yearlong professional development program comprising monthly workshops and on-site support visits. Quantitative analysis of motivation and work attitude surveys, coupled with qualitative analysis of teacher interviews, addressed two major research questions: (1) What factors within the social context of early childhood teachers' workplaces are related to their motivation for professional growth? and (2) What is the relationship between early childhood teachers' motivation for professional growth and change in teaching practice? Results indicate that three facets of work satisfaction were significant predictors of intrinsic interest in...
On the Use of Continued Fractions for Digital Computer Arithmetic

Recently, there has been some interest in the use of continued fractions for digital hardware calculations. We require that the coefficients of the continued fractions be integral powers of 2 and, therefore, well-known continued fraction expansions of functions cannot be used. Methods of expansion of a large number of functions are presented. We show that the problem of selection of coefficients of the continued fractions does not have practical solution in most of the cases we have considered.
Postoperative hydrocephalus in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: We have frequently observed the development of postoperative communicating hydrocephalus in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy. This condition may persist in some patients after cranioplasty and require permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. To confirm an independent correlation between hemicraniectomy and the development of communicating hydrocephalus, and to detail the frequency and potential clinical factors contributing to this complication, we evaluated our series of patients undergoing hemicraniectomy for life-threatening increases in intracranial pressure secondary to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed with a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent emergent hemicraniectomy for medically refractory elevations in intracranial pressure. Patients with known independent risk factors for the development of communicating hydrocephalus were excluded. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed to determine the incidence and type of hydrocephalus after hemicraniectomy, the persistence of hydrocephalus after cranioplasty, and the need for permanent CSF diversion. RESULTS: Eighty-eight percent of the eligible patients undergoing hemicraniectomy in our cohort developed postoperative communicating hydrocephalus. Half of these patients harbored persistent hydrocephalus after cranioplasty and required placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. We noted a strong correlation between prolonged time to replacement of the bone flap and persistence of hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION: Communicating hydrocephalus is an almost universal finding in patients after hemicraniectomy. Delayed time to cranioplasty is linked with the development of persistent hydrocephalus, necessitating permanent CSF diversion in some patients. We propose that early cranioplasty, when possible, may restore normal intracranial pressure dynamics and prevent the need for permanent CSF diversion in patients after hemicraniectomy.
Evidence that volume of anterior medial temporal lobe is reduced in seniors destined for mild cognitive impairment.

The present study sought to determine if volumes of specific brain structures could discriminate cognitively normal seniors destined to develop mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within a few years from those who will remain normal. Brain scans were collected from seventy-one cognitively normal seniors. Seventeen individuals later developed MCI (the presymptomatic MCI; pMCI group), while fifty-four remained normal. Whole brain volume (WBV) and volumes of the entorhinal cortex (ERC), hippocampus, and three subregions of the hippocampus (head; HH, body; HB and tail; HT) were compared. Results indicated that the pMCI group had smaller volumes than the normal group in the ERC, HH and HB, but not the HT or WBV. When HH/HB volumes and baseline memory test scores were included in a single logistic regression model, classification accuracy was very high (area under the curve = 0.93). These results show that smaller normalized volumes of anterior medial temporal lobe structures contribute to the development of MCI, a finding which may have implications for identifying seniors at risk for cognitive decline.
The absolute rate constant for the metathesis t‐C4H9• + DI → C4H9D + I• and the heat of formation of the t‐butyl radical

The Arrhenius parameters for the title reaction have been measured in a very-low-pressure pyrolysis apparatus in the temperature range 644–722 K and are given by log k2 (M−1 · sec−1) = 9.68 - 2.12/θ, where θ = 2.303RT in kcal/mol. Together with the published Arrhenius parameters for the reverse reaction from iodination studies, they result in a standard heat of formation of the t-butyl radical of 8.4 kcal/mol, accepting S0(C4H9·) = 72.2 e.u. at 300 K from other kinetic data, and thus confirm the accepted value for ΔHf0(t-C4H9·), at variance with recent investigations which yielded significantly higher values. This value for ΔHf0(t-C4H9·) results in a bond-dissociation energy (BDE) for isobutane of 92.7 kcal/mol.
A 92 mW, 20 dB gain, broadband lumped SiGe amplifier with bandwidth exceeding 67 GHz

A compact, power-efficient broadband amplifier is demonstrated in a 0.13-micron SiGe BiCMOS process. The amplifier uses a lumped design topology with a shunt-feedback Darlington input stage and an emitter-follower buffered cascode post-amplifier stage. The overall amplifier consumes 92 mW DC power, and exhibits 20-dB gain. The reported 67-GHz bandwidth is limited by available test equipment, and the post-extraction simulated 3-dB bandwidth is 82 GHz, which implies a gain-bandwidth (GBW) of 820 GHz. The amplifier features a low group delay variation to enable high data rate. The post-extraction simulated group delay is 13+/-2 ps from 1 GHz to 100 GHz. The chip occupies an area of 0.28 mm2 including pads, and the core area is only 0.04 mm2, which includes all active devices and peaking inductors. This amplifier shows a figure-of-merit GBW/Pdc of 7.3 and 8.9 GHz/mW, assuming bandwidth of 67 GHz and 82 GHz respectively, which are among the best results to date.
Development of the Romantic Jealousy-Induction Scale and the Motives for Inducing Romantic Jealousy Scale

Relatively little research exists regarding individuals who intentionally induce jealousy in their romantic partners, which is partially due to the absence of validated measures assessing romantic jealousy-induction behaviors and motivations. In the current study, we developed measures and examined the correlates of romantic jealousy-induction behaviors and motivations. Results indicated that the Romantic Jealousy-Induction Scale was unifactorial and reliable, whereas the Motives for Inducing Romantic Jealousy Scale consisted of five theoretically meaningful and reliable factors. In general, the romantic jealousy-induction behaviors and motives were associated with greater experienced jealousy, greater attachment avoidance and anxiety, lower relationship satisfaction and commitment, greater relationship alternatives, less passionate love, and greater game-playing and obsessive love.
Physical Attractiveness as a Contributing Factor to Loneliness: An Exploratory Study

A study of the relation between objective ratings of physical attractiveness and loneliness showed that 30 very lonely male participants scored significantly lower on attractiveness than did 30 lea...
Standards of Research Publication: Differences Between the Physical Sciences and the Social Sciences.

This study examines differences in standards of research publications between the physical sciences and the social sciences. The results of the first two hypotheses tested indicate that the predominant form of publication in the physical sciences are articles, whereas books predominate in the social sciences. Furthermore, differences were found in the relevant dimension of publication between faculties in more prestigious departments and faculties in less prestigious departments. The policy implications of these findings to university administration are discussed.
The line shape of a zero‐field level‐crossing effect in methyl fluoride

The line shape of the zero‐field level‐crossing effect that occurs when 13CH3F is irradiated by the 9P(32) CO2 laser has been recorded by an infrared laser Stark spectrometer operating under computer control. The level‐crossing effect, which occurs as a narrow decrease in the absorption due to superposition of the m components of the Doppler‐broadened R(4,3) transition in the ν3 band, has been recorded at several pressures. Comparison of the experimental line shapes with theoretically calculated curves leads to a value of 13.9±0.9 MHz/Torr for the pressure broadening parameter for this transition. An algebraic solution is given for the linear system that occurs in the density matrix treatment of the steady state line shape of a level crossing or level anticrossing effect. The modifications of the solution required to treat three‐level double resonance or two‐photon effects are also given.
Chronic solar radiation exposure and endothelial polymegethism.

Acute exposure of ultraviolet radiation to the cornea has previously been shown to produce endothelial pleanorphism and polymegethism. The reciprocity of exposure intensity and duration typically soon with the photochemical effects of ultraviolet radiation on biological tissue predicts a similar effect with chronic exposure. This was tested by comparing the regularity of the hexagonal endothelial mosaic for a group of workers (n=9) chronically exposed to solar radiation to that for an age-matched control group (n=18). Although the mean cell area of the endothelium was similar between groups (p<0.10), a significant difference (p<0.01) was demonstrated in the degree of polymegethism. This supports the contention that chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure may contribute to increased polymegethism seen with age.
Quantum dot molecules: A potential pathway towards terahertz devices

Abstract A study of structural and optical properties of In0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs quantum dot molecules (QDMs) formed by two layers of self-assembled, vertically stacked quantum dots (QDs) is presented in this paper. Structural parameters such as the dot shape and size, as determined from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies were used to calculate the strain in samples with vertically isolated, quantum decoupled dots (QDD) and in samples with vertically ordered, coupled pairs of dots forming QDMs. The calculated strain field was subsequently used to determine the electronic bandstructure of the QDD and QDM samples, in the framework of the eight-band k·p perturbation theory. The theoretically calculated electronic bandstructures were found to be in good agreement with those experimentally measured by using the time integrated photoluminescence (PL) technique. In order to understand the QDM properties, which could potentially be used for designing new emission devices, excitation and temperature dependence studies of the PL in both QDD and QDM structures were conducted. A qualitative explanation of the temperature dependence of the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) is also provided. Optical and electronic properties of QDMs are compared with those of QDDs grown under similar conditions.
pH of low-moisture solids

The importance of pH on food stability and food processing characteristics has been well documented. Chemical reactions and microbial proliferation depend on the pH of a dehydrated food, which may differ from the pH of the initial hydrated state. In many cases, the pH in the aqueous microenvironment of low-moisture systems is significantly lower than that of the initially hydrated system. Surface glass electrodes used without the addition of water appear to give a better indication of the actual pH of low-moisture systems than do measurements of the pH of the highly hydrated reconstituted system
Aortic aneurysms and occlusive diseases of the aorta

Abstract Aneurysms and occlusive disease are the principal lesions of the aorta requiring surgical treatment. Arteriosclerosis is the usual underlying cause of both of these conditions. Diagnosis of aneurysm ordinarily is not difficult; and, in the case of abdominal aneurysms, aortography is rarely necessary. Treatment of aneurysms is based on extirpation of the lesion and restoration of normal vascular continuity. The usual segmental nature of aortic occlusive disease permits surgical treatment designed to restore circulation through normal channels. Surgical cure of both aneurysmal and occlusive defects of the aorta now can be accomplished with assurance of low surgical risk and normal life expectancy.
De Dulcinea del Toboso a Melania de Salignac: El arquetipo cervantino en El Concierto de San Ovidio

Critics of Antonio Vallejo's theatre and the playwright himself have on more than one occasion alluded to the presence of Cervantine motifs in the author's work. Yet few studies to date have analyzed in detail the extent to which such an influence is evidenced in the Spanish playwright's theatre. Focusing specifically on the character of Melania de Salignac in El concierto de San Ovidio, the present article illustrates to what extent Melania's character appropriates aspects associated traditionally with Dulcinea del Toboso. In particular, the study demonstrates how Melania's character functions metaphorically with respect to the protagonist's, David's, idealistic view of the world and personifies his existential crisis. Ultimately, the study shows how Melania de Salignac's character in relationship to David approximates itself to that of Dulcinea del Toboso and her relationship to Don Quijote within an aesthetic, thematic, structural and psychological context as it regards David's evolution as the protagonist of El concierto de San Ovidio.
DNA loops induced by cooperative binding of λ repressor

It has been shown by Hochschild and Ptashne that lambda repressors bind cooperatively to operator sites separated by five or six turns of the helix. Cooperative binding is not observed if the sites are separated by a nonintegral number of turns, unless a four-nucleotide gap is introduced into one of the strands between the two sites. These and other facts suggested that repressors at the separated sites touch each other, the DNA bending smoothly so as to accommodate the protein-protein interaction. Here we use electron microscopy to visualize the predicted protein-DNA complexes.
Particle-foil interactions☆

Abstract Attempts at understanding two distinct problems are described; (a) the charge states which result when an ion beam passes through a foil, and (b) excited states within a given charge state. Statistical considerations which may play a role in determining equilibrium charge state distributions are discussed. Quantitative comparisons of an equilibrium model with experimental data on N, Ar and Fe are presented in order to assess the utility of such an approach. The comparisons are encouraging. For excited-state distributions, only states with large principal quantum numbers are considered. Predictions based on a direct charge-capture model are presented with a view toward stimulating accurate quantitative experimental determinations of initial excited state populations. This model predicts an n −3 dependence on principal quantum number for large n and strong energy dependence. Dependence on orbital angular momentum within a given principal quantum number is also discussed.
Effect of Delamination on the Natural Frequencies of Composite Laminates

This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of prescribed delamination on the natural frequencies of laminated beam specimens. Experimental modal analysis was used to measure the effect of delamination length on the first four fre quencies of the simply supported test specimens. The experimental results were cor roborated with detailed finite element models as well as with simplified beam theory models. The presence of a delamination degraded the even numbered vibration modes much more rapidly than the odd numbered modes for a delamination centered at the speci men midspan. Delaminations which covered 1/3 of the specimen length had no more than a 20% effect on any of the first four frequencies.
The duck lake site and implications for late archaic copper procurement and production in the Southern lake superior basin

Few sites relating to Archaic procurement of copper have been archaeologically investigated in the southern part of the Lake Superior basin. The Duck Lake site, located in the Ontonagon River watershed of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, is within the source area for native copper. Investigations at this site reveal a field camp consisting of one or more occupations by Late Archaic groups. Lithic analysis demonstrates a strong reliance on non-local raw materials, and suggests a degree of residential mobility within a region known to the occupants. Lithic material was obtained through embedded procurement and exchange with more distant groups. Copper likely entered the early Late Archaic exchange system in the Midwest through frequent interactions and trade between groups, and appears consistent with a down-the-line model of exchange.
A New Dense Form of Solid Germanium

A new form of solid germanium, of greater density than ordinary cubic germanium, can be formed by compressing cubic germanium at pressures exceeding 120 kilobars and reducing the pressure back to that of the atmosphere. The crystal structure is tetragonal, with a equal to 5.93 angstroms and c, to 6.98; 12 atoms per unit cell; and theoretical density, 5.91 grams per cubic centimeter. Electrically it behaves like a semiconductor. At temperatures above 200 degrees C it reverts rather rapidly to the cubic form.
Duplication of male urethra

Male urethral duplication is an unusal anomaly with many variants including complete duplication from the bladder to the glans penis as well as incomplete and abortive forms. Two cases are presented of duplication of the male urethra of the epispadiac incomplete type. A chart has been constructed to facilitate categorization of the various forms of urethral duplication in the male.
Kinetic properties of lysozyme from the hemolymph of Crassostrea virginica

Abstract Lysozyme activity has been demonstrated in both the supernatant and pellet fractions of whole hemolymph of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica , subjected to centrifugation at 4000 and 10,000 × g . In each case the enzyme activity is greater in the supernatant than in the pellet. The lytic activity of the molluscan lysozyme on Micrococcus lysodeikticus , like that of egg-white lysozyme, is salt dependent, is relatively heat stable, and is very sensitive to changes in ionic concentration. The optimal p H of the molluscan enzyme, however, ranges from 5.0 to 5.5, depending on the buffer employed. When tested against a number of bacteria, the oyster lysozyme has been found to be active against not only M. lysodeikticus but also Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, Escherichia coli, Gaffkya tetragena, Salmonella pullorum , and Shigella sonnei , although it is less active against the last four mentioned. It is not active against Staphylococcus aureus . It is postulated that the lysozyme in the serum of C. virginica has its origin in cytoplasmic phagosomes of granulocytes and is released when these organelles become ruptured.
Differences in Beliefs and Behaviors Between Feminist Actual and Anticipated Mothers

The transition to parenthood has been linked to an increase in traditional attitudes and behaviors. The goal of our study was to determine whether feminist mothers differed from feminist non-mothers on attitudes and behaviors related to motherhood. Self-labeled feminist mothers (n = 344) and non-mothers who indicated that they wished to have children (n = 361; anticipated mothers) were asked about their feminist beliefs, their actual or expected division of labor after they had children, and actual or expected child surname choices. Results indicated that liberal feminist beliefs were higher among anticipated mothers. Liberal feminist beliefs with a focus on equality in the workplace may not be as salient to mothers. Cultural feminist beliefs, however, were higher among actual mothers. Cultural feminism, which focuses on valuing care, communal traits, and the role of women as mothers, may be particularly appealing to mothers. Additionally, feminist anticipated mothers expected a more egalitarian division ...
Effects of manipulating food availability on ethanol self-administration by P rats in a continuous access situation

Male rats from the alcohol-preferring (P) line were housed in operant chambers in which food, water, and ethanol (10% v/v) were available continuously 23 hr per day. Over a period of weeks, the fixed ratio (FR) requirement for food reinforcement was gradually increased from FR 1 to FR 64. The response requirements for water and ethanol remained constant throughout the experiment. As the FR requirement for food reinforcement increased, the total number of food-reinforced responses increased significantly, whereas the total number of food pellets delivered per day and total calories per day decreased significantly. Conversely, ethanol intake (g/kg) and the percentage of total calories from ethanol increased significantly as the response requirement for food reinforcement increased. The increase in ethanol intake was accounted for largely by an increase in the number of ethanol drinking bouts per day rather than an increase in the number of dippers presented per bout. The results support the hypothesis that the manipulation of environmental variables, such as FR requirement for food reinforcement, can influence the ethanol self-administration of P rats; an effect observed previously with nonselected Long-Evans rats.
Skeletal age as a determinant of bone mass in preadolescent females

Objective. To evaluate the association between chronological age, skeletal age, pubertal stage, and basic anthropometry with bone mass of the total body, forearm, and second metacarpal bone in 456 healthy Caucasian females, aged 8–13 years. Design. Total body and forearm bone measurements were performed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, while bone mass of the second metacarpal was assessed by radiogrammetry. Skeletal age (SA) was assessed by the FELS method and pubertal stage was self-determined by selecting corresponding illustrations of breast and pubic hair development. The C p criterion was used to select the best multiple regression model containing the subset of independent variables with the least bias and best predictive ability for each of the measured bone mass variables. Results. Of all the independent variables, weight, stature, and SA emerged as the most significant predictors for almost all the bone mass variables. Multiple regression models were created based on the C p criterion with the resulting R 2 (adjusted) for bone mineral content of total body, proximal forearm, ultradistal forearm, length of second metacarpal, as well as of total, medullary, and cortical areas: 0.793, 0.523, 0.390, 0.602, 0.232, 0.073, and 0.264, respectively. The measured bone variables were also regressed on SA using either quadratic or linear equations, depending on the shape of the cubic splines used for the best curve fitting. Significant positive association (p<0.0001) of SA and each of the bone variables was noted, the highest being with bone mineral density and content of total body (R 2=0.176, 0.338) and proximal and ultradistal forearm (R 2=0.216, 0.203, 0.106, 0.201), respectively, as well as with the length of the second metacarpal bone (R 2=0.339). Chronological age and pubertal stage did not have statistically significant predictive abilities for bone mass variables in the multiple regression models. Conclusions. We conclude that skeletal age is a powerful determinant of bone mass in children. It can be used as the criterion for the selection of a biologically homogeneous population with regard to bone mass. This may be important for the design of intervention studies targeting bone mass of children and adolescents.
Low temperature technology utilization in the solution of energy problems

Abstract Low temperature technology offers diverse solutions for conserving dwindling energy supplies, upgrading previously discarded low value energy resources and developing replacements for conventional fuels. Subjects discussed include enhanced oil recovery, upgrading of low energy content gases, nitrogen removal from LNG, coal gasification, recovery of light hydrocarbon liquids, hydrogen and benzene recovery and energy conservation (particularly the refrigeration potential of LNG).
Fixation of mandibular flaps and grafts: Avoiding complications

Even the most well-thought-out reconstructive procedures can produce suboptimal results if hardware mishaps occur. Adherence to sound principles and good surgical technique can help the maxillofacial reconstructive surgeon avoid such complications and their associated morbidity.
The role of perceived distance in determining apparent visual size

Subjects viewed visual stimuli in total darkness and estimated their sizes and distances with several cues to distance varied. The introduction of distance cues generally was found to have a primary effect upon the perception of distance, with a relatively slight effect upon the perception of apparent size. The question was raised as to why the available cues to distance were not taken into account in estimating size, and it was suggested that perhaps perceived distance is not involved in determining phenomenal size.
Enhancing the psychological health of medical students: the student well-being committee.

Summary. Medical schools' emphasis on technical excellence is sometimes at the expense of social and emotional development. This paper describes a programme, orchestrated by a vital Well-Being Committee, that involves students in a wide range of activities to enhance social and emotional well-being. The primary prevention of emotional impairment is the goal.
Ecto-Phosphorylation of CD98 Regulates Cell-Cell Interactions

Ecto-phosphorylation plays an important role in many cellular functions. The transmembrane glycoprotein CD98 contains potential phosphorylation sites in its extracellular C-terminal tail. We hypothesized that extracellular signaling through ecto-protein kinases (ePKs) might lead to ecto-phosphorylation of CD98 and influence its multiple functions, including its role in cell-cell interactions. Our results show that recombinant CD98 was phosphorylated in vitro by ePKs from Jurkat cells and by the commercial casein kinase 2 (CK2). Alanine substitutions at serines-305/307/309 or serines-426/430 attenuated CK2-mediated CD98 phosphorylation, suggesting that these residues are the dominant phosphorylation sites for CK2. Furthermore, CD98 expressed in the basolateral membranes of intestinal epithelial Caco2-BBE cells was ecto-phosphorylated by Jurkat cell-derived ePKs and ecto-CK2 was involved in this process. Importantly, cell attachment studies showed that the ecto-phosphorylation of CD98 enhanced heterotypic cell-cell interactions and that the extracellular domain of CD98, which possesses the serine phosphorylation sites, was crucial for this effect. In addition, phosphorylation of recombinant CD98 increased its interactions with Jurkat and Caco2-BBE cells, and promoted cell attachment and spreading. In conclusion, here we demonstrated the ecto-phosphorylation of CD98 by ePKs and its functional importance in cell-cell interactions. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism involved in regulating the multiple functions of CD98 and raise CD98 as a promising target for therapeutic modulations of cell-cell interactions.
A DETERMINISTIC PROLOG FIXPOINT SEMANTICS

Abstract A fixpoint semantics for PROLOG is presented that takes into account PROLOG's deterministic control structure as well as its logic features. It is applied to prove the correctness of a prime-number program based on the sieve of Eratosthenes, a program whose behavior depends critically on the sequential nature of PROLOG.
Linear representation of M-estimates in linear models

Consider the linear regression model, yi = xiβ0 + ei, i = l,…,n, and an M-estimate β of βo obtained by minimizing Σρ(yi — xiβ), where ρ is a convex function. Let Sn = ΣXiXiXi and rn = Sn½ (β — β0) — Sn2 Σxih(ei), where, with a suitable choice of h(.), the expression Σ xix(e,) provides a linear representation of β. Bahadur (1966) obtained the order of rn as n ∞ when βo is a one-dimensional location parameter representing the median, and Babu (1989) proved a similar result for the general regression parameter estimated by the LAD (least absolute deviations) method. We obtain the stochastic order of rn as n ∞ for a general M-estimate as defined above, which agrees with the results of Bahadur and Babu in the special cases considered by them. Soient p une fonction convexe et β un M-estimateur de βo obtenu en minimisant Σρ(yi-xiβ)xiβ) dans le cadre du modele de regression lineaire yi=xiβ+ ei,i=[,…,n. En introduisant une fonction h(.) convenable, il est possible de reprdsenter β sous la forme ΣXih(ei(ei). Soient alors Sn =ΣXiXiet rn=Sn½(β — β0) — Sn2Σxih(ei)Σ xih(ei)Dans le cas particulier ou β0est un parametre de localisation unidimensionnel representant une mediane, l'ordre asymptotique de rna ete etabli par Bahadur (1966) et un resultat semblable a ete demontre par Babu (1989) pour un parametre de regression plus general estime par la methode des moindres ecarts absolus. Cet article a pour objectif d'etendre ces resultats en etablissant l'ordre stochastique de rnlorsque n ∞ dans le cadre abstrait decrit ci-haut.
Pediatric Thoracic Multiorgan Transplantation in the United States

Purpose Thoracic multiorgan transplantations (TMOTx) are complex procedures that when performed in adults have shown similar survival to single organ transplantation (TX). The overall number of TMOTx has been gradually increasing, however, the absolute number remains low compared to single organ TX. In the pediatric population, TMOTx constitute only a small fraction of the total pediatric TXs performed. A national database was used to review the overall experience with pediatric TMOTx in the United States. Methods and Materials United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried through 2011 for pediatric (≤18y) TMOTx. Of the 2102 TMOTx, 238 (12%) were pediatric TMOTx: 181 (76%) were heart-lung TX, while others included heart-kidney (32,13%), lung-liver (11,5%), heart-liver (10,4%), heart-lung-liver (3,1%) and lung-kidney (1,1%). TMOTx accounted for 3% (238/7945) of the total pediatric thoracic TX performed. Results Analysis of outcomes shows that graft survival in combined heart-lung TX was similar to survival in lung-only TX (p=0.127) but was worse than in heart-only TX (p Figure 1 ). Similarly, graft survival for TMOTx involving lung, except lung-liver (p=0.05), was not different than lung-only survival ( Figure 2 ). Conclusions Thoracic multiorgan transplantation offers a promising option for pediatric patients with multiorgan failure, while combining abdominal organ transplant with heart or lung transplant does not portend a worse outcome. Although rare in the pediatric population, these procedures can be performed successfully with an expectation of similar graft survival to single organ transplantation.
Diode laser measurements of line strengths and widths in the 4,5-μm bands of N2O

Line-strength measurements in the N2O nu3-fundamental region using a tunable diode-laser spectrometer. From these measurements and the Herman-Wallis factor determined by Boissy et al. (1975), the nu-3-fundamental band strength is found to be 1203 + or - 22 per sq cm atm at 297 K. Line-broadening parameters for two nu-3-fundamental lines were determined using nitrogen (N2) as the broadening gas. Measured strengths and N2 line-broadening parameters for several hot-band lines are also presented.