cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maintaining and Loading Neural Stem Cells for Delivery of Oncolytic Adenovirus to Brain Tumors

Despite recent advancements in the treatment of cancer, the prognosis for patients with malignant brain tumors remains poor. The success of currently available therapies has been limited in part because of the disseminated nature of these tumors. Furthermore, most of these tumors, when in a high-grade form, are resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Taking the above considerations into account, effective treatment of these cancers not only requires the development of new means to target tumor burdens that have dispersed significantly from their site of origin, but also therapeutic approaches which can appropriately discriminate between tumor cell and normal brain. In the past two decades, novel approaches involving the use of oncolytic adenoviruses to target -malignant brain tumors have undergone extensive investigation and proven to be an effective mode of antiglioma therapy. While the use of various oncolytic adenoviruses has been proven to be safe for local delivery in preclinical and clinical trials, the successful application of this approach in the clinic has been hampered by the host immune response against the viral vector. The discovery of the inherent tumor-tropic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides a unique opportunity that employs NSCs as a cellular vehicle to track tumor cells and deliver therapeutic oncolytic virus. This presents a novel platform for targeted delivery of oncolytic adenovirus to disseminated tumors selectively while hiding the therapeutic virus from the host immune system. NSC loaded with an oncolytic adenovirus offer a more selective and effective method of targeting satellite tumor burdens and this chapter reviews the methodology associated with this unique approach.
Abstract 16793: Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Morbidly Obese Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure and LVAD

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity and heart failure is increasing in the United States. Heart transplant is contraindicated in morbidly obese patients due to poor outcomes. Bariatric surgery may increasingly be considered for LVAD patients to achieve transplant eligibility. Hypothesis: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a safe and effective procedure as a means to increase and improve transplant candidacy of morbidly obese LVAD patients with end-stage heart failure. Methods: This was a single center, case-series of six morbidly obese patients with end-stage heart failure post LVAD implantation, who underwent LSG between 2013 and 2015. Demographic characteristics, perioperative details, weight loss, and status of transplant candidacy were analyzed. Results: Six patients (2 men) with morbid obesity and end-stage heart failure post LVAD underwent LSG. Median age was 42 (27-57) years and mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 44.02±3.94 kg/m2. Median operative time was 90 (88-105) minutes, with a median length of stay of 6 (3-9) days. There were no perioperative deaths. Post-operatively, there was no significant complication including no infection and no anticoagulation issue. At median follow-up of 6 (5-14) months, the mean weight loss was 34.2±14.7kg with a decrease in BMI to 32.99±4.9 kg/m2 (P Conclusions: In this small case-series, LSG appears to be a safe, technically feasible, and effective method for obtaining adequate weight loss in morbidly obese patients with end-stage heart failure and mechanical circulatory support. LSG may serve as a bridge to heart transplantation in otherwise ineligible patients.
Study Abroad as a Cultural Competence Development Tool: Case Study Honduras

The purpose of this study was to acquire an in-depth understanding of a study abroad experience from a sample of eight participants using a case study approach. The theoretical framework was based on the Multidimensional Model of Cultural Competence (Sue and Sue 2003) and Relational Counseling Theory (RCT; Comstock et al. 2008). Program documentation, journal entries, and a follow-up survey were analyzed. Findings indicated that the study abroad program enhanced the cultural competence development of the participants. The importance of exposure and growth-fostering relationships, influences that the study abroad experiences may have on social justice and advocacy, and potential use of RCT in international counseling were highlighted.
International strategy for Nanotechnology Research

The worldwide nanotechnology research and development (R&D) investment reported by government organizations has increased by a factor of 3.5 between 1997 and 2001, and the highest rate of 90% is in 2001. At least 30 countries have initiated or are beginning national activities in this field. Scientists have opened a broad net of discoveries that does not leave any major research area untouched in physical, biological, and engineering sciences. Industry has gained confidence that nanotechnology will bring competitive advantages. The worldwide annual industrial production is estimated to exceed $1 trillion in 10–15 years from now, which would require about 2 million nanotechnology workers. U.S. has initiated a multidisciplinary strategy for development of science and engineering fundamentals through the National Nanotechnology Initiative. Japan and Europe have broad programs, and their current plans look ahead to four to five years. Other countries have encouraged their own areas of strength, several of them focusing on fields of the potential markets. Differences among countries are observed in the research domain they are aiming for, the level of program integration into various industrial sectors, and in the time scale of their R & D targets. Nanotechnology is growing in an environment where international interactions accelerate in science, education and industrial R & D. A global strategy of mutual interest is envisioned by connecting individual programs of contributing countries, professional communities, and international organizations.
Misconceptions about Market Orientation

Given the benefits of a market orientation, why do so many organizations fail to become market-driven? One reason is confusion over what it means to be market-driven. Some organizations have become “customer compelled ” and try to respond to whatever their customers say they want, without exercising any discipline. Others argue that it is sometimes best to “ignore the customer.” This latter view finds listening to customers deficient as a guide to action. This is a misconception based on three false dichotomies: (1) that you can either lead or follow customers, (2) that you can't stay close to both current and potential customers, and (3) that a technology push can't be balanced with a market pull.
The Changing Nature of the Association Between Student Loan Debt and Marital Behavior in Young Adulthood

In this study, we compared young adults from the NLSY 1979 and the NLSY 1997 to examine how the relationship between student debt and the likelihood of marrying changed across cohorts, in light of the growing acceptance of non-marital cohabitation. In the 1997 cohort, student loan debt among college-attending young adults was associated with delays in marriage, but not in the 1979 cohort. Among men, the positive association between education debt and marriage in the 1979 cohort was no longer evident for the 1997 cohort of young men. Our findings provide further evidence that rising student debt is reshaping relationship formation among college-going youth, and that as cohabitation has become more widespread, social and economic disparities in who marries without cohabiting first have increased.
Creating a Molecular Atmosphere, Phase 5

As mentioned in previous articles in this series, product inserts are available with most FDA-approved assays. These product inserts contain information about the product as well as explain processes and procedures approved by the manufacturer of the assay. Included in these procedures are quality control (QC) recommendations. Some FDA-approved assays have QC material included in the packaging of test materials; others suggest from whom to purchase the quality control material and provide recommendations on how to use it. For all of the assays that we perform on the Infinity (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) instrument, we routinely perform external QC on new lots and new shipments. All of these assays are FDA-approved, qualitative, and include a built-in internal control for every patient test that is performed. Because the internal control is present, we are not required to perform external QC procedures with every patient specimen. The external controls used for these assays are purchased from a manufacturer and can be used directly or after a simple dilution is made. The assays we perform on the SmartCycler (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) are laboratory developed; therefore, control materials are not commercially available in ready-to-use form. Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and College of American Pathologist (CAP) guidelines suggest that laboratorians ensure that a control is present throughout the entirety of a patient testing procedure. If an internal control cannot be present from start to finish, external-control material must be included in every patient-testing procedure. For herpes simplex virus (HSV) external control, we purchase stock virus from a manufacturer. We grow the virus in shell vials, in a similar manner that we would use for controls when setting up HSV cultures. This growth of virus in shell vials takes anywhere from 3 to 5 days to yield a 90% or greater cytopathic effect (CPE). … [↵][1]* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stephanie.e.wallace{at}osfhealthcare.org [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Naphtha Cracking Kinetics and Process Chemistry on Y and ZSM5 Type Catalysts

A deeper understanding of naphtha catalytic cracking is required for on-purpose propylene production in downflow HS-FCC. A study was conducted wherein olefinic and paraffinic naphthas were cracked ...
Tongue root configuration during Seoul Korean stops: An ultrasound study

Tongue root advancement facilitates voicing during stop closure by enlarging the supralaryngeal cavity volume (Westbury, 1983). In a recent ultrasound study, Ahn (2018) reports that tongue is indeed more advanced during voiced than voiceless stops both in English and Brazilian Portuguese, suggesting that the articulatory adjustment aligns more with the abstract laryngeal distinctions than their acoustic implementation—the "voiced” stops are typically not phonated in English but in Brazilian Portuguese. This study, using ultrasound, compares tongue positioning during Seoul Korean (SK) stops of three laryngeal categories: lenis, fortis, and aspirated. All three categories are voiceless phrase-initially, with the lenis being voiced intervocalically (Jun, 1993). This study asks whether (1) SK lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops have different tongue configurations when none are phonated and (2) the intervocalic voicing of lenis stops leads to tongue root advancement. Nine native SK speakers recorded phrase-initial and intervocalic stops. Results: lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops did not show different tongue position in phrase-initial positions. In intervocalic positions, lenis stops, acoustically voiced during closure, did not show more tongue root advancement than other types of stops. These results suggest that SK speakers use tongue positioning neither for laryngeal contrast nor as an adjustment for allophonic voicing of intervocalic lenis stops.Tongue root advancement facilitates voicing during stop closure by enlarging the supralaryngeal cavity volume (Westbury, 1983). In a recent ultrasound study, Ahn (2018) reports that tongue is indeed more advanced during voiced than voiceless stops both in English and Brazilian Portuguese, suggesting that the articulatory adjustment aligns more with the abstract laryngeal distinctions than their acoustic implementation—the "voiced” stops are typically not phonated in English but in Brazilian Portuguese. This study, using ultrasound, compares tongue positioning during Seoul Korean (SK) stops of three laryngeal categories: lenis, fortis, and aspirated. All three categories are voiceless phrase-initially, with the lenis being voiced intervocalically (Jun, 1993). This study asks whether (1) SK lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops have different tongue configurations when none are phonated and (2) the intervocalic voicing of lenis stops leads to tongue root advancement. Nine native SK speakers recorded phrase-ini...
The Effects of the Standard for Search Warrants

We analyze the effects of the evidence standard for search warrants in an economic model of crime and search. If the warrant standard is initially below a certain positive threshold, increasing it actually reduces crime as well as searches. Moreover, the positive threshold is higher if searches are more preventive. If the warrant standard is initially high enough, increasing it tends to increase crime and reduce wrongful searches. However, if the police do not care too much about whether or not they search the innocent, increasing the standard also increases effort by the police to gather initial evidence non-invasively before seeking to perform invasive searches. Thus, increasing the standard might not greatly increase crime because greater police effort tends to reduce crime; but it might significantly reduce wrongful searches because greater police effort directly increases the accuracy of the police's initial evidence. The results provide efficiency arguments for a right against unreasonable searches.
Advanced sensors for spaceborne measurements of the earth's atmosphere

Concepts involved in remote sensing from space are reviewed, together with performance requirements of proposed and planned equipment. Attention is focused on measurements of the troposphere, particularly meteorological variables and chemical species. The principles of absorption, using either passive or active sensors, emission detection, fluorescence measurements, and EM radiation scattering are outlined. The proposed NASA Windsat, using a CO2 laser from the Orbiter or from an 800 km orbit spacecraft to measure low-level wind speeds is described, as are the uses of the AMTS atmospheric sounder instrument for IR atmospheric temperature sensing and a 20-channel microwave radiometer to detect moisture profiles in the water vapor bands. Additionally, a microwave pressure sounder to detect backscattered signals at 60 GHz is outlined, along with lidar pressure and wind speed measurement methods.
Identification and Chemical and Biological Management of Phytopythium vexans, the Causal Agent of Phytopythium Root and Crown Rot of Woody Ornamentals

Soilborne diseases caused by pathogens such as Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Verticillium, and Pythium species are the most important diseases of woody ornamentals. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) an...
Current Treatment Options of Fontan Arrhythmias: Etiology, Incidence, and Diagnosis

Patients who undergo single ventricle palliation with a Fontan are at a high risk for developing arrhythmias. This review will address our understanding of pathophysiology, incidence, presentation, and type of arrhythmia, focusing on recent developments. Patients with the initially described atriopulmonary connection type of Fontan have a high incidence of arrhythmias, with severe consequences. Arrhythmias are less of a problem with the two currently used surgical techniques, the lateral tunnel and the extracardiac conduit Fontan, with the extracardiac Fontan being potentially less arrhythmogenic in the long term. There is no role for the atriopulmonary Fontan any longer. As the lateral tunnel and extracardiac conduit patients age, there will be a greater understanding of the unique complications specific to their unique anatomy.
Use of a mechanistic growth model in fish habitat restoration: juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead as a test case

Abstract Few studies of in-stream habitat restoration effectiveness address whether traits that affect fitness of individuals (e.g., growth) are altered by restoring habitat. We used mark-recapture studies to measure growth of sub-yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead in restored and unrestored habitat in the Entiat River, Washington, USA. In each of five sampling years (2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016), we compared growth rates between habitat types, using a mechanistic growth model which we fit to our data using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) techniques. Modeling strategies differed for the two species: For Chinook, we compared growth patterns of individuals recaptured in restored habitat for 15-60 d with those not recaptured regardless of initial habitat at marking. For steelhead, we had enough recaptured fish in each habitat type to use the model to directly compare growth between habitats. Chinook juveniles remaining in restored habitat reached a larger size earlier in the season than transient individuals with all study years combined, but this pattern varied slightly among years. Steelhead showed more rapid growth in restored habitat in 2009 and 2010 only, but were of a larger size earlier in the season in unrestored habitat. We explain these patterns in the context of spatio-temporal partitioning habitat. Despite this, there was no case where fish performed better overall in unrestored habitat. Size-corrected raw growth rates for steelhead (mm · day−1) supported the model in that growth rate was higher in restored habitat in the same years as the corresponding model parameter. Finally, we compared growth patterns with the relative density of these species in each habitat type and found that growth did not always correspond to observed density differences. Chinook abundance was higher in restored habitat in each study year, but no growth parameter differences were found in 2012 or 2016. Steelhead growth and density both favored restored habitat in 2009, whereas growth was higher in restored habitat in 2010 when there was no density difference between habitats. Thus, measurement of growth rate complements restoration efficacy studies because it can both prevent overconfidence in density data and detect benefits when density data are inconclusive.
Improved adhesion of polyurethane-based nanocomposite coatings to tin surface through silane coupling agents

Abstract Conformal coatings with higher adhesion strength is crucial for mitigating the growth of whiskers from the pure tin (Sn) or Sn-rich surfaces of the Pb-free electronics. Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between polymeric coatings and metallic materials. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of silane agents on the adhesion behavior of polyurethane (PU), polyurethane acrylate (PUA) and both coatings filled with silicone rubber (SR) nanoparticles on the tin solder pads. It was found that an isocyanate-based silane provided excellent adhesion for PU and PU + SR coatings and an acrylic-based silane for PUA and PUA + SR coatings on the tin surface. This was due to the reaction bond formation between the silane coupling agent and the coating. Hence, the selection of silane coupling agents with the organofunctional group similar to the coating material is crucial to improve the adhesion properties of the coating.
Modeling tumor measurement data to predict overall survival (OS) in cancer clinical trials.

Introduction Longitudinal tumor measurements (TM) are commonly recorded in cancer clinical trials of solid tumors. To define patient response to treatment, the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) categorizes the otherwise continuous measurements, which results in substantial information loss. We investigated two modeling approaches to incorporate all available cycle-by-cycle (continuous) TM to predict overall survival (OS) and compare the predictive accuracy of these two approaches to RECIST. Material and methods Joint modeling (JM) for longitudinal TM and OS and two-stage modeling with potential time-varying coefficients were utilized to predict OS using data from three trials with cycle-by-cycle TM. The JM approach incorporates TM data collected throughout the course of the clinical trial. The two-stage modeling approach incorporates information from early assessments (before 12 weeks) to predict subsequent OS outcome. The predictive accuracy was quantified by c-indices. Results Data from 577, 337, and 126 patients were included for the analysis (from two stage IV colorectal cancer trials (N9741, N9841) and an advanced non-small cell lung cancer trial (N0026), respectively). Both the JM and two-stage modeling reached a similar conclusion, i.e. the baseline covariates (age, gender, and race) were mostly not predictive of OS (p-value > 0.05). Quantities derived from TM were strong predictors of OS in the two colorectal cancer trials (p < 0.001 for both association in JM and two-stage modeling parameters); but less so in the lung cancer trial (p = 0.053 for association in JM and p = 0.024 and 0.160 for two-stage modeling parameters). The c-indices from the two-stage modeling were higher than those from a model using RECIST (range: 0.611-0.633 versus 0.586-0.590). The dynamic c-indices from the JM were in the range of 0.627-0.683 indicating good predictive accuracy. Conclusion Both modeling approaches provide highly interpretable and clinical meaningful results; the improved predictive performance compared with RECIST indicates the possibility of deriving better trial endpoints from these approaches.
Effects of Essential Animal Visitation Program (AVP) Components on Students’ Salivary α-Amylase and Amylase-to-Cortisol Ratios

While efficacy trials suggest that Animal Visitation Programs (AVPs) relieve university student stress, their essential components are unknown. Students were randomly assigned to one of four 10-min...
Amino Acids and Polyamines: Polyfunctional Proteins, Metabolic Cycles, and Compartmentation

This chapter focuses on three unusual aspects of certain of these pathways: polyfunctional proteins, metabolic cycles, and compartmentation. The study of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa provided some of the earliest insights into unusual genetic relationships among related metabolic enzymes. Most fungi, including yeasts, display a global response to amino acid deprivation. In N. crassa and other filamentous fungi, it is referred to as cross-pathway control, with many of the genes carrying the cpc designation. In S. cerevisiae, the system is called general amino acid control, with gene names starting with GC. It is referred to here as cross-pathway control and is described briefly to fill out the physiological aspects of amino acid synthesis and control. Polyamine metabolism in fungi has been studied mainly in S. cerevisiae and N. crassa. The chapter focuses on features of fungi that organize and optimize metabolic systems. The management of polyamine pools has revealed a complex physiological landscape in which enzyme regulation, metabolic flow, small-molecule binding, and vacuolar activity converge. Very little catabolism of polyamines takes place in N. crassa, even at high external amine concentrations. The ionic binding of spermidine and basic amino acids to polyphosphate in the vacuole explains why the intact organelle becomes so dense upon isolation in sucrose gradients, where they lose water as they sediment. Indeed, it is likely that in fungi, as in plants, they have important roles in fine-tuning and otherwise managing metabolic and ionic traffic, varying widely with the species and the environment.
Exogenous glycosaminoglycans coat damaged bladder surfaces in experimentally damaged mouse bladder

Interstital cystitis is often treated with exogenous glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, chondroitin sulphate (Uracyst), hyaluronate (Cystistat) or the semi-synthetic pentosan polysulphate (Elmiron). The mechanism of action is presumed to be due to a coating of the bladder surface to replace the normally present chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate lost as a result of the disease. This study used fluorescent labelled chondroitin sulphate to track the distribution of glycosaminoglycans administered intravesically to mouse bladder that had been damaged on the surface. The surfaces of mouse bladders were damaged by 3 mechanisms – trypsin, 10 mM HCl, and protamine sulphate. Texas Red-labeled chondroitin sulphate was instilled into the bladders of animals with damaged bladders and controls instilled only with saline. Bladders were harvested, frozen, and sectioned for examination by fluorescence. The normal mouse bladder bound a very thin layer of the labelled chondroitin sulphate on the luminal surface. Trypsin- and HCl-damaged bladders bound the labelled chondroitin sulphate extensively on the surface with little penetration into the bladder muscle. Protamine produced less overt damage, and much less labelling was seen, presumably due to loss of the label as it complexed with the protamine intercalated into the bladder surface. Glycosaminoglycan administered intravesically does bind to damaged bladder. Given that the changes seen following bladder damage resemble those seen naturally in interstitial cystitis, the mechanisms proposed for the action of these agents is consistent with a coating of damaged bladder.
Information theoretic aspects of coded random direct-sequence spread-spectrum

Information theoretic aspects of code division multiple access (CDMA) random direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) are investigated. The CDMA-DSSS channel with randomly and independently chosen spreading sequences accurately models the situation where pseudo-noise sequences span many symbol periods. Its information theoretic analysis provides a comparison baseline for CDMA channels with carefully designed signature waveforms that span one bit period on one hand and optimal multiple-user coded systems on the other. We analyze the spectral efficiency (total capacity per chip) as a function of the number of users, spreading gain and signal-to-noise ratio, and we quantify the loss in efficiency relative to an optimally chosen set of signature sequences and to an optimal multiaccess system without spreading. White Gaussian background noise and equal-power synchronous users are assumed. The analysis comprises the following receivers: (a) optimal joint processing, (b) single-user matched filtering, (c) decorrelation and (d) minimum mean square error linear processing. Some implications due to fading are also addressed.
Accurate RNA Siting and Splicing Gets Help from a DEK-Hand

Mature messenger RNA is prepared in eukaryotes by splicing together the protein-coding sequences of precursors. A chromatin-associated protein proofreads these splice sites in the RNA, ensuring accuracy.
Steady state voltage stability enhancement using shunt and series FACTS devices

Power systems consist of generation, transmission, and distribution of power to customers. To meet the ever increasing population demand, the power industry has also grown by increasing the number of devices and incorporating highly complex as well as expensive components into the power system. It becomes specifically important to focus on voltage stability analysis of the power system to avoid worst-case scenarios, such as voltage collapse, which may result in huge losses. One of the main causes of voltage collapse is the insufficient availability of reactive power in the system. This can be overcome by adding reactive power sources such as FACTS devices into it. An attempt on enhancing the steady-state voltage stability using FACTS devices has been made in this work. An IEEE 39-bus test system is built using MATLAB and PSAT. FACTS devices such as Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), and Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), are included into the test system as three separate test cases. Continuation power flow analysis is performed on the system with no FACTS included in it and on the three test cases with different FACTS included in it. The output is displayed in the form of P-V curves, loading margin curves, and active and reactive power losses curves. The results obtained are all compared with each other to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of the each of the FACTS devices in improving the static voltage stability of the power system.
Critical Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring (IONM) Changes Associated with Patient Positioning Maneuvers (P6.336)

OBJECTIVE: The critical role of IONM in helping to prevent new perioperative neurologic deficits secondary to patient positioning maneuvers is emphasized. BACKGROUND: Positioning maneuvers during surgical cases can place the patient at risk for spinal cord and/or peripheral nerve injury. Initial transition of the patient from the supine to prone position, as well as passive neck flexion or extension, are potentially high risk portions of the procedure, especially during spine surgeries. In addition, sudden or gradual shifts in head, neck, shoulder, and/or arm position may occur unexpectedly during the course of the surgical procedure, which can also result in central or peripheral nervous system injury. DESIGN/METHODS: We present a series of six cases where critical IONM changes were identified and resolved following modification of patient positioning in cervical spine procedures. Multimodality IONM monitoring was employed in all cases, including transcranial motor evoked potentials (tcMEPs), somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), and electromyography (EMG). RESULTS : Critical IONM changes were observed during the initial prone positioning onto the surgical table in three spine cases, while in one case changes occurred with passive neck extension while supine. In the remaining two cases, significant IONM changes occurred during exposure or the interventional period, findings which correlated with unexpected shifts in body or limb position over the course of the surgical procedure. In all cases prompt identification of IONM changes enabled rapid assessment and repositioning of the patient, which largely resolved all neurophysiologic changes and correlated with no new sustained postoperative deficits. CONCLUSIONS: This series highlights the importance of appropriately instituting IONM early, prior to initial patient positioning, to facilitate prompt identification of potentially reversible changes that may indicate impending positioning-related injuries. In addition, frequent acquisition of potentials is essential, as unexpected changes in body or limb position can occur at any time during the surgical case, which may place the patient at additional risk for new postoperative deficits. Disclosure: Dr. Lee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nguyen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ratliff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopez has received research support from Earlogic/Good Ear Company.
Comparison of Canavanyl-Envelope Proteins to Normal Envelope Proteins

Electrophoretic analysis showed arginine- and canavanine-containing envelope proteins to be qualitatively the same. Quantitative differences may be due to rapid degradation of some canavanine-containing envelope proteins.
Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled cannabis smoking in frequent and occasional smokers.

Oral fluid (OF) is an increasingly popular alternative matrix for drug testing, with cannabinoids being the most commonly identified illicit drug. Quantification of multiple OF cannabinoids and understanding differences in OF cannabinoid pharmacokinetics between frequent and occasional smokers improve test interpretation. The new Oral-Eze® OF collection device has an elution buffer that stabilizes analytes and improves drug recovery from the collection pad; however, its performance has not been independently evaluated. After controlled smoking of a 6.8% Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis cigarette by frequent and occasional smokers, OF was collected with the Oral-Eze device for up to 30 h. Samples were analyzed for multiple cannabinoids by a validated 2D-GC-MS method. Frequent smokers had significantly greater OF THCCOOH concentrations than occasional smokers at all times, and showed positive results for a significantly longer time. We evaluated multiple cannabinoid cut-offs; the shortest last detection times were observed when THC ≥1μg/L was combined with CBD or CBN ≥1μg/L. With these cut-offs, last detection times(1-13.5 h) were not significantly different between groups, demonstrating suitability for short-term cannabinoid detection independent of smoking history. Cut-offs utilizing THC alone or combined with THCCOOH showed significantly different last detection times between groups. The widest detection windows were observed with THC ≥1 or 2μg/L or THCCOOH ≥20ng/L. Our data illustrate the effectiveness of the Oral-Eze® device for OF collection, the impact of self-administered smoked cannabis history on OF cannabinoid results, and the ability to improve interpretation and tailor OF cannabinoid cut-offs to fulfill the detection window needs of a given program. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Language: en
Strategy for reducing the out-of-plane radiation loss in photonic crystal waveguides on high-index substrates

Two-dimensional photonic crystal linear defect waveguides on semiconductor substrates are studied numerically. We predict that the vertical radiation loss can be reduced by using asymmetric photonic crystal claddings.
Absence of alveolar tears in rat lungs with significant alveolar instability

Background: Lung injury associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome can be exacerbated by improper mechanical ventilation creating a secondary injury known as ventilator
Increasing energetic cost of biosynthesis during growth makes refeeding deleterious.

AbstractDiet restriction (DR) enhances animals’ health maintenance, but refeeding reverses its beneficial effects. However, to what degree refeeding reverses the beneficial effects of DR remains controversial. Here, I develop a theoretical model for reconciling the results of refeeding studies and understanding the dynamic and reversible mechanism underlying the effects of diet on health from the energetic viewpoint. By illustrating the negative correlation between health maintenance and the energetic cost of growth in animals under different diet regimes, the model explains why, in some cases, refed animals have better health and live longer than freely fed controls. More importantly, the model reveals that, in some species, the energetic cost of synthesizing biomass increases during growth, so the expensive compensatory growth induced by refeeding later in life offsets the benefits of the inexpensive retarded growth induced by diet restriction early in life. Thus, in these species, refeeding drives anim...
Translating Authority: Cervantes’ Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda in French (1618)

This article examines the creative manipulation of translation theorizing and practice in Vital d'Audiguier's French version of the Persiles. In paratexts, in episodes of the novel that represent France and Spain, and in interjections by Cervantes' fictional translator-narrator, the French translator fashions himself as a figure of authority, posing a bold challenge to Cervantes' own prestige. Latching on to the structures of fictional translation already present in the original novel, d'Audiguier depicts himself as the ‘corrector’ of the Spanish master and ‘author’ of a more perfect text in French than could ever have been possible in the original Castilian. D'Audiguier's work reflects the deep contradictions in seventeenth-century thinking about translation, and indicates the purposes for which individual translators exploited them.
Analysis of fiber spinning for the upper-convected Maxwell fluid

Abstract The fiber spinning process of a viscoelastic liquid modeled by the constitutive theory of the Maxwell fluid is analyzed. The governing equations are given by one-dimensional mass, momentum and constitutive equations, which arise in the slender body approximation by cross-sectional averaging of the two-dimensional axisymmetric Stokes equations with free boundary. Existence, uniqueness and regularity results are proved by means of fixed point arguments, energy estimates and weak/weak ∗ convergence methods. The difficulty in this problem lies with the constitutive model of the Maxwell fluid: when both the outflow velocity at the spinneret and the pulling velocity at take up are prescribed, a boundary condition can be imposed for only one of the two elastic stress components at the inlet. The absence of the second stress boundary condition makes the mathematical analysis of the problem hard.
Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: a test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment

This study attempted to address limitations in the understanding of optimism and pessimism among middle-aged adults. Specifically, a model of affectivity as a mediator of the link between outcome expectancies and psychological adjustment (life satisfaction and depressive symptoms) was presented and examined in a sample of 237 middle-aged adults. Consistent with a mediation model, results of path analyses indicated that optimism and pessimism (particularly the former) had significant direct and indirect links (by means of positive and negative affectivity) with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. These results add to the small but growing literature identifying optimism and pessimism as important concomitants of psychological adjustment in more mature adults.
Effect of Anionic Salts on Selenium Metabolism in Nonlactating, Pregnant Dairy Cows

The objective of this trial was to determine whether anionic salts in the diets of nonlactating, pregnant cows for 14 to 21 d prepartum affected measures of Se status. One of three dietary treatments (control, anionic salts, and anionic salts plus Se) was administered to 34 nonlactating, pregnant cows using a completely randomized design with repeated measures. The anionic salts were delivered via gelatin capsules that were administered orally in two equal amounts per day, and the Se (3 mg/d) was administered via an intraruminal bolus. The incidence of milk fever among cows was not significantly different across dietary treatments. The severity of hypocalcemia as indicated by concentrations of ionized Ca in serum collected <2 h postpartum was significantly lessened by dietary anionic salts. Supplementation of anionic salts to the diet did not significantly affect serum Ca concentrations at either 7 d prepartum or 7 d postpartum. Anionic salts did not affect concentrations of Se in blood; however, Se supplementation of the diets of cows significantly increased postpartum concentrations of Se in serum. No treatment effects were detected for concentrations of Se in either serum or whole blood of newborn calves. In conclusion, these data indicate that diets supplemented with anionic salts for 14 to 21 d prepartum and the supplementation of diets with Se had independent effects on concentrations of minerals in blood. Thus, anionic salts can be administered to prevent milk fever without danger of significantly reducing the transfer of Se from the dam to the calf and without compromising the Se status of the cow when the anionic salts are limited to administration for 14 to 21 d before calving.
Symbolic stability analysis for space-marching of reduced Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation systems

2 Governing Equations A symbolic analysis is cmploycd to determine the stability of candidate steady space-marching (PNS) proccdurcs applied to the Reynolds-Averaged NavicrStokes (RANS) equations and associated reductions. 'I'hc stabiliLy analysis results can determine whcthcr, antl under what conditions, a space-marching proccdurc will result in a well-posed problem statcnicnt independent of any specific Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) algorithm. A s developed herein. p a r antccd sixice-marching stability requires some rcduction o f the RANS equations. Thc amount o f rcduclion depends o n the specific application and may not alw:iys be possihlc. Spacc-marching admissibili ly may be tcstcd with this proccdurc hcforc actually attempting any CFD solution. u
High dimensional addressable LED arrays based on type I GaInAsSb quantum wells with quinternary AlGaInAsSb barriers

GaSb-based type I InGaAsSb quantum well mid-infrared (mid-IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operated at wavelengths up to 3.66 µm are demonstrated. The application of quinternary AlGaInAsSb barriers improved hole confinement in the quantum wells and enabled an LED radiant excitance of 1.3 W cm−2 (λ = 3.66 µm) at 100 K which corresponds to the emittance of a blackbody at 1350 K. High-contrast individually addressed 512 × 512 LED arrays were designed and fabricated using wet etching. An accurate characterization technique for mid-IR LEDs has been developed.
Effects of Peripheral Substituents on the Electronic Structure and Properties of Unligated and Ligated Metal Phthalocyanines, Metal = Fe, Co, Zn

The effects of peripheral, multiple -F as well as -C2F5 substituents, on the electronic structure and properties of unligated and ligated metal phthalocyanines, PcM, PcM(acetone)2 (M = Fe, Co, Zn), PcZn(Cl), and PcZn(Cl(-)), have been investigated using a DFT method. The calculations provide a clear explanation for the changes in the ground state, molecular orbital (MO) energy levels, ionization potentials (IP), electron affinities (EA), charge distribution on the metal (QM), axial binding energies, and in electronic spectra. While the strongly electron-withdrawing -C2F5 groups on the Pc ring change the ground state of PcFe, they do not influence the ground state of PcCo. The IP is increased by ∼1.3 eV from H16PcM to F16PcM and by another ∼1.1 eV from F16PcM to F48PcM. A similar increase in the EA is also found on going from H16PcM to F48PcM. Substitution by the -C2F5 groups also considerably increases the binding strength between PcM and the electron-donating axial ligand(s). Numerous changes in chemical and physical properties observed for the F64PcM compounds can be accounted for by the calculated results.
Specificity and Variability of Practice

Abstract The specificity of learning principle proposes that motor skills are specific and only superficially resemble other similar skills or variations of the same skill. On the other hand, the variability of practice hypothesis derived from schema theory proposes that experiences with task variations are vital to the development of the memories (schemata) responsible for response production and learning. This paper contrasts these two positions in two experiments aimed at determining the influence of providing variable and/or specific acquisition experiences on the retention of a force production task. The results clearly indicated that acquisition practice with variations of the criterion task leads to better retention than practice on the criterion task alone. This finding is contrary to a strict interpretation of the specificity of learning principle and suggests that paradigms investigating schema notions should be expanded to include potential impacts of variability of practice on tasks experience...
Excitation transport and trapping in a two-dimensional disordered system: cresyl violet on quartz

Excitation transport and trapping processes involving dye molecules on surfaces are relevant to the efficiency of dye sensitizers on semiconductors in liquid-junction solar cells. Such processes have been treated theoretically for two-dimensional disordered systems [1,2], but have not yet been widely investigated experimentally [2,3]. We report here a picosecond photon counting study of cresyl violet (CV) submonolayers adsorbed onto fused quartz. The questions we address are: (i) What are the fluorescing CV species (CV monomers with varied adsorption geometries, CV dimers, etc.)? (ii) To what extent can a data analysis differentiate among different model functions for the time-dependent fluorescing state population? and (iii) How uniquely can the final decay parameters be determined from such an analysis alone? The last question is pertinent, because surface number densities of dyes in submonolayers, which can be difficult to ascertain directly, are important dynamical parameters in excitation transport.
Effect of motilin on the lower esophageal sphincter of the opossum

We have studied the effect of Yajima's synthetic motilin on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of the opossum and compared its potency to that of gastrin and its interaction with secretin. Dose-response curves for the LES were constructed from the intravenous bolus injection of graded doses of motilin and gastrin alone and motilin given against a background infusion of secretin. The smallest dose of motilin that elicited a significant response was 0.05 μg/kg, and the highest response was observed with the highest dose used in this study (1.0 μg/kg). Over a wide dose range, both motilin and gastrins were found to be equally potent in stimulating the LES of the opossum, and secretin caused inhibition of the LES pressure response to motilin. Therefore, we conclude that (1) motilin is a potent stimulant of the LES; (2) this response is dose dependent; (3) motilin's potency is similar to that of gastrin; and (4) secretin counteracts the effect of motilin on the LES.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Repair Outside the A2 Pulley After Zone II Laceration: Gliding and Bowstringing

Purpose To evaluate the changes in maximum flexion angle, gliding coefficient, and bowstringing after a combined repair of both flexor tendons with the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) rerouted outside the A2 pulley in cadaveric hands. Methods We performed 4 different repairs on cadaveric hands, with each repair tested on 9 unique digits. In total, 12 cadaveric hands and 36 digits were used. The thumb and little finger were removed from each hand and excluded from testing. Group 1 was sham surgery. Group 2 combined flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) and FDS laceration and repair with both slips of the FDS repaired inside the A2 pulley. Group 3 was FDP repair with one slip of the FDS repaired inside A2 and the other slip left unrepaired. Group 4 was FDP repair with both slips of the FDS rerouted and repaired outside the A2 pulley. Maximum flexion angle, gliding coefficient, and bowstringing were measured in simulated active digital motion for each group. Results Rerouting and repairing the FDS outside the A2 pulley (group 4) significantly lowered gliding coefficient compared with repairs with both slips inside A2, with values similar to sham surgery. We observed no significant differences in maximum flexion angle among the 4 groups. Increased bowstringing was observed with both slips of the FDS repaired and rerouted outside the A2 pulley. Conclusions In this cadaveric model, repair of both slips of the FDS outside the A2 pulley improved the gliding coefficient relative to repair within the A2 pulley, which suggests decreased resistance to finger flexion. Repair of the FDS outside the A2 pulley led to a slight increase in bowstringing of the FDS tendon. Clinical relevance We describe a technique for managing combined laceration of the FDP and FDS tendons that improves gliding function and merits consideration.