cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myths and biases related to cancer in the elderly

Advances in medical science have led to effective treatments for cancer; however, there are myriad myths and biases related to older people and cancer that pervade both patients' and professionals' ideas on causation, course of illness, treatment, and recovery, and act as hindrances to early detection, treatment, and rehabilitation. The geriatric population is comprised of a heterogeneous group of persons who are not categorized easily according to chronologic age. Health care professionals are particularly susceptible to ageist stereotyping and negative attitudes toward the elderly because they lack training in caring for older people
Does concomitant antidepressant therapy enhance response to electroconvulsive therapy

Aims: To test the hypothesis that compared with placebo, concomitant treatment with nortriptyline or venlafaxine during the ECT course enhances short-term effi cacy without exerting a meaningful effect on adverse effects and reduces the rate of post-ECT relapse, and to test the hypothesis that high-dose RUL ECT is equivalent in effi cacy to moderatedose BL ECT and retains advantages with respect to adverse cognitive effects. This was a prospective, randomized, triplemasked, placebo-controlled study conducted from 2001 through 2005 in three university-based hospitals.
Evidence for a strong San Andreas fault

Stress measurements in deep boreholes have universally shown that stresses in the Earth’s crust are in equilibrium with favorably oriented faults with friction coefficients in the range 0.6‐0.7 and with nearly hydrostatic pore-pressure gradients. Because of the lack of any fault-adjacent heat-flow anomaly as predicted by a conductive model of frictional heating, the San Andreas fault has long been thought to be an exception, i.e., far weaker than this standard case. Borehole stress measurements near the San Andreas fault have failed to confirm this weak-fault hypothesis, being either inconclusive or in conflict with it. Directions of maximum horizontal stresses reported to be nearly fault normal in central California are now known not to be regional stresses but a result of active folding within folds that have been rotated 20°‐30° clockwise from their original orientations. Everywhere in southern California it is observed that the maximum stress directions rotate to smaller angles (30°‐60°) with the San Andreas, within 20 km of it. The sense of this rotation is opposite to that expected from the weak-fault hypothesis and indicates that the shear stress on the San Andreas is comparable in magnitude to all other horizontal stresses in the system. In the “big bend” section of the fault, this rotation is predicted from a transpressional plate-boundary model in which the San Andreas is loaded by a deep shear zone with a locking depth of 10 km. If the adjacent minor thrust faults are assumed to obey Byerlee friction, the crustal-average shear stress on the San Andreas in that region must be in the range 100‐160 MPa, regardless of the pore pressure in the fault. These stresses are many times greater than permitted by the weak-fault hypothesis. In the more transcurrent regions farther south, the San Andreas shear stress will be smaller than this estimate, but similar stress rotations observed there indicate that the San Andreas cannot be weak relative to minor faults in that region. These stress rotations can only be consistent with the weakfault hypothesis if it were assumed that all faults in California were equally weak, which is known to be untrue. The conclusion is that the heat-flow model is flawed, probably in its assumption that all heat transfer is governed by conduction.
From pudeur to plaisir: Grandville’s Flowers in the Kingdom of Fashion

AbstractThis article argues that J. J. Grandville’s Les Fleurs animees, long dismissed as an homage to the delicate beauty of nineteenth-century femininity, should be read instead as a satire of that very ideal. Through a subtle dialogue between two popular ‘feminized’ genres — the flower book and the fashion plate — Grandville’s illustrations of flower-ladies portray the natural world as a socialized and commodified space and disrupt the prevailing ideology of feminine pudeur that those visual genres worked to construct and maintain. Grandville’s animated flowers offer a social commentary through a persistent juxtaposition of these two benign genres and produce a comically disturbing effect that questions the roles that bourgeois culture had prescribed as natural for women. Through his exaggerated commingling of natural and cultural visual rhetorics, Grandville proposes a decoupling of the natural and the cultural, thus initiating an ideological critique of the most potent discourses around the feminine ...
Stability of superconducting Nb3Sn multifilamentary wires

Abstract Cold end recovery currents and quench currents of Nb3Sn multifilamentary wires with different amounts of stabilizing copper have been measured in magnetic fields between 8 and 11.5 T. The effective heat flux, Qe, at the recovery current in the Nb3Sn wire was > 0.58 W cm−2 at 10 T. Also, the heat flux showed a clear dependence on the amount of stabilizing copper in the wire and on the magnetic field strength. The behaviour of the heat flux was in good agreement with the equal area theorem of Maddock et al.16
Photoacoustic Detection of Formaldehyde as a Minority Component in Gas Mixtures

Formaldehyde concentrations as low as 51 ppbv are measured in gaseous samples containing mixtures of H2CO, NO2, CH3CHO, and N2 using a nanosecond, pulsed laser photoacoustic spectrometer operating in the ultraviolet.
Oxidation of thioanisole by peroxomolybdate ions: direct oxygen transfer from tetraperoxomolybdate ion

Addition of thioanisole (PhSMe) to Na 2 MoO 4 in dilute hydrogen peroxide at pH 9.4 rapidly quenches the absorbance of the tetraperoxo complex, Mo(O 2 ) 2 - 4 , which gradually regenerates as the PhSMe is oxidized to the sulfoxide. This direct oxygen transfer is followed by the decreasing absorbance of Mo(O 2 ) 2 - 4 at 452 nm. In dilute H 2 O 2 the Mo(O 2 ) 2 - 4 becomes a steady-state intermediate, and kinetics monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy allow estimation of the second-order rate constant for oxidation of PhSMe by MoO(O 2 ) 2 - 3 and rate constants for interconversion of MoO(O 2 ) 2 - 3 and MoO(O 2 ) 2 - 4 , The steady-state approximation breaks down at higher [H 2 O 2 ], and with [H 2 O 2 ] = 2 M the MoO(O 2 ) 2 - 3 and Mo(O 2 ) 2 - 4 are approximately in equilibrium; based on the rate constants of oxidation of PhSMe by MoO(O 2 ) 2 - 3 and Mo(O 2 ) 2 - 4 and the related association equilibrium constant, the observed and predicted rate constants for the overall oxidation of PhSMe are similar.
High frequency titrations of polydicarboxylic acid copolymers: Polyitaconic acid‐Co‐styrene and polymaleic acid‐Co‐styrene

A useful method, more rapid and more accurate than elemental analysis, has been developed to determine the composition of copolymers of itaconic anhydride and maleic anhydride with styrene. The method involves a high frequency titration of the sample. The method can also be used to detect traces of acidic impurities in polymers and in the identification of mixtures of similar acidic copolymers. Titration indicates that the acid segments in the copolymers of itaconic acid–styrene, maleic acid–styrene, and the homopolymer polyitaconic acid act as dibasic acids. The method appears to have a sensitivity that permits identification and approximate resolution of two carboxylate species in the same polymer.
A comparison of methods for simulating correlated binary variables with specified marginal means and correlations

Simulation studies employed to study properties of estimators for parameters in population-average models for clustered or longitudinal data require suitable algorithms for data generation. Methods for generating correlated binary data that allow general specifications of the marginal mean and correlation structures are particularly useful. We compare an algorithm based on dichotomizing multi-normal variates to one based on a conditional linear family (CLF) of distributions [Qaqish BF. A family of multivariate binary distributions for simulating correlated binary variables with specified marginal means and correlations. Biometrika. 2003;90:455–463] with respect to range restrictions induced on correlations. Examples include generating longitudinal binary data and generating correlated binary data compatible with specified marginal means and covariance structures for bivariate, overdispersed binomial outcomes. Results show the CLF method gives a wider range of correlations for longitudinal data having auto...
Surgical stapling technique for radical hysterectomy: survival, recurrence, and late complications.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to conduct a long-term follow-up of the surgical stapling technique of radical hysterectomy to determine survival, recurrence, and late complications. Methods. One hundred consecutive eligible patients treated with the surgical stapling technique of radical hysterectomy were prospectively evaluated. Results. Median operative time was 3.2 h. Median blood loss was 500 ml. There was an 18% acute postoperative complication rate and a 10% long-term complication rate. There was a 6% recurrence rate and a 92% disease-free survival. Conclusion. The surgical stapling technique of radical hysterectomy results in acceptable survival, recurrence, and complication rates, which appear similar to those of the traditional type of radical hysterectomy, while operative time and blood loss appear to be reduced.
Efficacy of inotropic support of the failing heart.

A rationale and guidelines for the use of the cardiac glycosides, sympathomimetic amines, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure are presented. The controversy concerning the efficacy of the digitalis glycosides is analyzed. The issue is not whether digitalis is beneficial; rather, the concern is the timing of its use in the clinical course of heart failure. A profile of patients more likely to respond favorably to positive inotropes is provided.
Imaging of high-risk carotid artery plaques: current status and future directions

In this paper, the authors review the definition of high-risk plaque as developed by experienced researchers in atherosclerosis, including pathologists, clinicians, molecular biologists, and imaging scientists. Current concepts of vulnerable plaque are based on histological studies of coronary and carotid artery plaque as well as natural history studies and include the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core with an overlying thin fibrous cap, plaque inflammation, fissured plaque, and intraplaque hemorrhage. The extension of these histologically identified high-risk carotid plaque features to human in vivo MRI is reviewed as well. The authors also assess the ability of in vivo MRI to depict these vulnerable carotid plaque features. Next, the ability of these MRI-demonstrated high-risk carotid plaque features to predict the risk of ipsilateral carotid thromboembolic events is reviewed and compared with the risk assessment provided by simple carotid artery stenosis measurements. Lastly, future directions of high-risk carotid plaque MRI are discussed, including the potential for increased clinical availability and more automated analysis of carotid plaque MRI. The ultimate goal of high-risk plaque imaging is to design and run future multicenter trials using carotid plaque MRI to guide individual patient selection and decisions about optimal atherosclerotic treatment strategies.
Effects of Land Privatisation on the Use of Common-pool Resources of Varying Mobility in the Argentine Chaco

During the last few decades there has been a strong tendency towards privatisation of land tenure to increase protection and sustainable use of natural resources. We assess this approach in the context of land privatisation in a dry region of the Argentine Chaco where low income peasants depend on multiple common-pool resources (CPRs) to survive and where most recently privatisation of land tenure has also included large absentee landowners. We hypothesise that the results of such policies depend in part on the mobility of the resources in question, and compare the harvesting practices of CPRs of varied mobility before and after the conversion of land to private property to assess the effects of privatisation. We found that privatisation by low income peasants increased control of access to stationary and low mobility CPRs but highly mobile species continued being used as open access and over-exploited. In contrast, the later privatisation of land by large absentee landowners is likely to pose serious threats to the conservation of the ecosystem in general, and to the ability of low income peasants to maintain their livelihoods in this region.
Maxillary Ameloblastic Carcinoma with Progressive Ophthalmoplegia and Optic Neuropathy

An 80-year-old woman was evaluated for diplopia and blurred vision of the right eye associated with a maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma that had presented as an ameloblastoma 11 years earlier. Neuroimaging revealed ethmoid tumour involving the right orbital apex, cavernous sinus, optic nerve, and middle cranial fossa. After subtotal tumour resection and radiosurgery, ophthalmoplegia, right optic neuropathy, and right trigeminal neuropathy progressed despite initially stable tumour appearance on subsequent neuroimaging. Maxillary ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare tumour that can arise de novo or from a pre-existing ameloblastoma. Little or nothing has been previously reported on this tumour and its associated progressive neuro-ophthalmic deficits.
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and Diabetes

Discovery of development of type 2 diabetes-like phenotypes in glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) overexpressing mice reveals a novel function of this “oldest” and most abundant selenoprotein in the body. The finding signifies an exciting progress in Se biology, and helps understand metabolic impacts of Se supplementation on human health. While its dual role in coping with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has received broad recognition, unique functions and mechanisms of GPx1 in β cell physiology, insulin synthesis and secretion, and body glucose homeostasis are just being unveiled. By modulating intracellular redox status, the GPx1 overproduction or knockout is able to regulate functional expressions of key transcriptional factors or protein in pancreatic islet and insulin-responsive tissues.
Thermal Relic Abundances of Particles with Velocity-Dependent Interactions

Abstract We reexamine the evolution of thermal relic particle abundances for the case where the interaction rate depends on the particle velocities. For the case of Sommerfeld enhancement, we show that the standard analytic approximation, modified in a straightforward way, provides an estimate of the relic particle abundance that is accurate to within 10% (in comparison to 1 % error for the non-Sommerfeld-enhanced case). We examine the effect of kinetic decoupling on relic particle abundances when the interaction rate depends on the velocity. For the case of pure p-wave annihilation, the effect of kinetic decoupling is an increase in the relic abundance, but the effect is negligible when the kinetic decoupling temperature is much less than the chemical decoupling temperature. For the case of Sommerfeld-enhanced s-wave annihilations, after kinetic decoupling occurs, annihilations continue to change the particle abundance down to arbitrarily low temperatures, until either matter domination begins or the Sommerfeld effect cuts off. We derive analytic approximations to give the final relic particle abundances for both of these cases.
SV40 viral minichromosome: preferential exposure of the origin of replication as probed by restriction endonucleases

Abstract Isolated SV40 minichromosomes [1-3] were treated with different single-cut restriction endonucleases to probe the arrangement of nucleosomes in relation to the SV70 DNA sequence. While Eco RI and Bam HI each cut 22-27% of the SV40 minichromosomes under limit-digest conditions, Bgl I, which cuts SV40 DNA at or very near the origin of replication [4,5], cleaves 90-95% of the minichromosomes in a preparation. Similar results were obtained with minichromosomes which had been fixed with formaldehyde before endonuclease treatment. One possible interpretation of these findings is that the arrangement of nucleosomes in the compact SV40 minichromosomes is nonrandom at least with regard to sequences near the origin of DNA replication.
The courtship behaviour of the spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus conanti (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae)

The courtship behaviour of the North American southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus conanti (Plethodontidae), is described for the first time. The male is the most active participant, as is typical for caudate amphibians, and much of his behaviour can be understood in terms of orientation to and stimulation (or persuasion) of the female. The latter is largely accomplished by the transfer of courtship pheromones from the male's mental (chin) gland. The orientation and persuasion phases of courtship appear necessary if sperm transfer by means of a spermatophore deposited upon the substratum is to be successful. The courtship of D. fuscus conanti is qualitatively identical to that of D. santeetlah, with which it is sexually compatible in the laboratory and with which it may hybridize in nature. However, a broader comparison of species in the genus Desmognathus reveals that the greatest interspecific differences occur during the orientation and persuasion phases of courtship. A complete understanding of the evolution of courtship behaviour in desmognathine salamanders awaits availability of ethograms for all other taxa and a robust, independent phytogeny for the entire subfamily.
Octreotide diminishes luminal nutrient transport activity, which is reversed by epidermal growth factor

Background Octreotide (SMS) is a somatostatin analogue utilized in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) to decrease output. It may inhibit small bowel adaptation by blocking the secretion of trophic hormones such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). This study delineates the effects of SMS and EGF on nutrient transport in SBS. Methods One week after 70% jejunoileal resection, 20 New Zealand White rabbits (2 kg) received subcutaneous infusions of saline or EGF (1.5 μg/kg/hr) and injections of saline or SMS s.q. b.i.d. The study groups were EGF/saline, saline/saline, saline/SMS, and EGF/SMS. After 7 days of infusion, intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were prepared and nutrient transport measured. Results SMS reduced active nutrient transport. Kinetics confirmed this was secondary to a reduction in functional carriers in the brush border membrane, without a change in carrier affinity. The coinfusion of EGF ameliorated this effect. On an individual basis, EGF alone did not significantly increase nutrient transport, but when taken as a group, nutrients transport was upregulated 26%. Conclusions SMS is detrimental to small bowel adaptation. EGF reverses this effect and may benefit patients with SBS who require SMS to control high intestinal output.
Concept of component aggregation in information, service and business

Service aggregation play crucial role in service provisioning, for those components that follow a certain sequence and perform a combination of coarse grained services, they are qualified for service aggregation. Service aggregation is validated in parsing statistics, this pre-built coarse grained service provides upward service provisioning and brings in its values in eliminating the integration interface and risk caused by boundary implementation. In the new age business driven services, coarse grained services construct the foundation of enterprise skeleton and rely on the aggregation from fine grained services, this shorten the gap between business and IT and streamline time to market. The skeleton it produced exploits a loosely coupled approach in creating integration interoperability and constructing the foundation for service.
Contribution of glacier runoff to freshwater discharge into the Gulf of Alaska

[1] Watersheds along the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are undergoing climate warming, glacier volume loss, and shifts in the timing and volume of freshwater delivered to the eastern North Pacific Ocean. We estimate recent mean annual freshwater discharge to the GOA at 870 km3 yr−1. Small distributed coastal drainages contribute 78% of the freshwater discharge with the remainder delivered by larger rivers penetrating coastal ranges. Discharge from glaciers and icefields accounts for 47% of total freshwater discharge, with 10% coming from glacier volume loss associated with rapid thinning and retreat of glaciers along the GOA. Our results indicate the region of the GOA from Prince William Sound to the east, where glacier runoff contributes 371 km3 yr−1, is vulnerable to future changes in freshwater discharge as a result of glacier thinning and recession. Changes in timing and magnitude of freshwater delivery to the GOA could impact coastal circulation as well as biogeochemical fluxes to near-shore marine ecosystems and the eastern North Pacific Ocean.
Molecular characterization and expression of PsPK2, a PINOID-like gene from pea (Pisum sativum)

Abstract The plant hormone auxin acts as a signal for cell division, extension and differentiation during the course of plant growth and development. With the aim of elucidating the molecular mechanism of auxin responses in pea leaf development, we have isolated a putative pea PINOID ( PID ) homolog, PsPK2 , and characterized it. The deduced protein sequence of PsPK2 had 445 amino acids and possessed 12 conserved catalytic subdomains that characterize protein kinases. The PsPK2 sequence was most closely related to PID , and together they defined a PINOID subfamily within the AGC-VIII protein kinases. PsPK2 mapped to the lower portion of linkage group VI between Pl and Gsp . By genome walking, 2.3 kb of the PsPK2 promoter was obtained and was predicted to possess auxin and gibberellin response elements. PsPK2 was strongly expressed in developing organs of wildtype ( WT ) pea, such as shoot tips, immature adult leaves, developing embryos and flower buds. Comparing the PsPK2 mRNA levels from tendrils and leaflets of WT as well as the other leaf form mutants, we found that irrespective of genotype, PsPK2 mRNA was much more abundant in tendrils than in leaflets. Furthermore, differential expression occurred in shoot tip RNAs of the different leaf form genotypes. Expression was slightly higher in the afila genotypes, and lower in acacia / tendrilless and tendrilled - acacia compared to WT . In an auxin induction experiment, PsPK2 mRNA levels increased most after methyl-IAA treatment compared to IAA, 4-Cl-IAA, IBA and NAA treatments. Time course and concentration dependent experiments showed that PsPK2 mRNA levels were the highest after 30 min of methyl-IAA treatment compared to control and other treatments, and peaked at 10 μM methyl-IAA. In addition, PsPK2 mRNA levels peaked after 4 h of GA 3 treatment and were highest in response to 75 μM GA 3 . Therefore, auxin and gibberellin positively regulate PsPK2 expression and it may play a role in the control of auxin transport and leaf form generation in pea.
Patterns in student assessment of problem-solving software

We investigated whether there were patterns in student assessment of (the usability, ability to learn from, and usefulness of) online problem-solving software tutors. We found that the correlation between the learning of students (how much they needed the software tutor, how long they worked with it, how much they learned from it) and their assessment of the tutor was weak. Further, we found that four-year college students assess the software tutor more favorably than two-year students, non-Caucasian students assess the tutor more favorably than Caucasian students, and female students assess the tutor more favorably than male students.
UPI: a primary index for uncertain databases

Uncertain data management has received growing attention from industry and academia. Many efforts have been made to optimize uncertain databases, including the development of special index data structures. However, none of these efforts have explored primary (clustered) indexes for uncertain databases, despite the fact that clustering has the potential to offer substantial speedups for non-selective analytic queries on large uncertain databases. In this paper, we propose a new index called a UPI (Uncertain Primary Index) that clusters heap files according to uncertain attributes with both discrete and continuous uncertainty distributions.Because uncertain attributes may have several possible values, a UPI on an uncertain attribute duplicates tuple data once for each possible value. To prevent the size of the UPI from becoming unmanageable, its size is kept small by placing low-probability tuples in a special Cutoff Index that is consulted only when queries for low-probability values are run. We also propose several other optimizations, including techniques to improve secondary index performance and techniques to reduce maintenance costs and fragmentation by buffering changes to the table and writing updates in sequential batches. Finally, we develop cost models for UPIs to estimate query performance in various settings to help automatically select tuning parameters of a UPI.We have implemented a prototype UPI and experimented on two real datasets. Our results show that UPIs can significantly (up to two orders of magnitude) improve the performance of uncertain queries both over clustered and unclustered attributes. We also show that our buffering techniques mitigate table fragmentation and keep the maintenance cost as low as or even lower than using an unclustered heap file.
Energy efficiency in multi-hop CDMA networks: A game theoretic analysis considering operating costs

A game-theoretic analysis is used to study the effects of receiver choice and transmit power on the energy efficiency of multi-hop networks in which the nodes communicate using direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA). A Nash equilibrium of the game in which the network nodes can choose their receivers as well as their transmit powers to maximize the total number of bits they transmit per unit of energy spent (including both transmit and operating energy) is derived. The energy efficiencies resulting from the use of different linear multiuser receivers in this context are compared for the non-cooperative game. Significant gains in energy efficiency are observed when multiuser receivers, particularly the linear minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver, are used instead of conventional matched filter receivers.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ACTIVITY BY THE NADI REACTION WITH OSMIOPHILIC REAGENTS

A new method for the subcellular and cytochemical demonstration of cytochrome oxidase has been developed with the introduction of N-benzyl-p-phenylenediamine (BPDA) and the discovery that indoanilines are osmiophilic. These indoanilines produced upon oxidation of BPDA in the presence of naphthols are highly colored compounds that yield electron-opaque coordination polymers of osmium (osmium black) that are amorphous, insoluble in water, and in organic solvents. The best methods for preparing rat tissue were in decreasing order: fixation in formaldehyde solution, fresh tissue slices, and frozen sections of fresh or fixed tissue. Ultrathin sections were counterstained by bridging with the thiocarbohydrazide-osmium tetroxide (T-O) procedure for enhancing underlying membranous structures. Cytochrome oxidase activity was noted primarily in mitochondria and occasionally in sarcotubules of heart, in mitochondria and occasionally in infoldings of the plasma membrane of renal tubular cells, and in mitochondria and, to a great extent, in endoplasmic reticulum of hepatic cells. Cytochrome oxidase activity produced deposits in droplet form, whereas dehydrogenase activity resulted in uniform staining of mitochondrial cristae, as recently demonstrated with an osmiophilic tetrazolium salt. Even more recently we have succeeded in demonstrating cytochrome oxidase activity in nondroplet staining on mitochondrial cristae with an osmiophilic benzidine-type reagent that apparently polymerizes upon oxidation (to be published later).
Agent-Based Simulation of an Automatic Mitigation Procedure

This paper describes experiments using computer-based agents to simulate the impact of the California ISO's proposed Automatic Mitigation Procedure on market behavior. The agents play the role of market participants by formulating bids to maximize their profits. They exercise their skills under a number of scenarios with and without AMP being present and for various levels of demand and transfer capability over a simple, two-node market. The results of these experiments indicate that AMP is effective in reducing market clearing prices under situations when they would otherwise reach the price cap. In congested networks, congestion rents can be fleeting when suppliers are able to equalize prices across zones through strategic bidding. The analysis of significant issues such as the long-term effect of the AMP on investment incentives or its potential to help coordinate out-of-market activities lies beyond the capabilities of this type of simulation.
Exact block diagonalization of large eigenvalue problems for structures with symmetry

We consider large eigenvalue problems for skeletal structures with symmetry. We present an algorithm, based upon a novel combination of group-theoretic ideas and substructuring techniques, that block-diagonalizes such systems exactly and efficiently. The procedure requires only the structural matrices of a repeating substructure, together with the symmetry modes, which are obtained from symmetry considerations alone. We first present a simple paradigmatic example and then follow with several non-trivial applications involving large lattice structures.
Nutritional outcomes following gastrostomy in children with cystic fibrosis.

Objective In 2005 the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Foundation recommended that children with CF maintain a body mass index (BMI) ≥50th percentile. Our study evaluated if gastrostomy (GT) placement increases the likelihood of reaching that goal compared to a standardized nutrition protocol.
WATER ALLOCATION UNDER ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION: SOME ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS*

Increased competition and conflict among users water rights are controlled and regulated. Humid of water have caused eastern states to investigate eastern states evolved common law doctrines, while alternatives to their common law doctrines dealing the arid western ones adopted a prior-appropriation with water use, and the legislative trend is toward doctrine. In addition, several states chose to recognize greater state administration in water management. As both doctrines. a part of this trend, Florida has enacted an adminThe physically abundant water supplies of the istrative water law (Florida Water Resource Act of eastern states led to a body of law which viewed 1972 [4]) based upon a model water code suggested water as property-the property of no one to be for eastern states [11]. The economic efficiency shared by everyone. These are common law doctrines. implications of the allocation processes allowed by Rights to navigable waters were covered in the the code and the Florida act are examined herein to riparian doctrine. Owners of land adjoining a naviindicate how more effective use of basic economic gable lake or stream are entitled to the full natural principles could increase efficiency of water allocaflow. Others are entitled to use the waters for fishing tion under an administrative system. Since the and navigation. Taken literally, the doctrines preclude present body-of-water law has evolved over time and removing water from, or depositing any foreign any modifications must be consistent with this body substance into, the navigable water. The doctrine has of law,l eastern surface and groundwater law is been modified through case law over time, and reviewed first. Then, water allocation under adminpresently, the user may make "reasonable use" of the istrative water law, with a focus on the code and the water for any purpose not unduly interfering with Florida water act, is discussed. Alternative approaches "reasonable use" of other riparian land owners to water allocation which have potential for improv[5, 12, 16]. ing economic efficiency are discussed last. The groundwater law of the East also stems from common law doctrines. English common law considered groundwater below an individual's land to be EASTERN WATER LAW absolutely owned by him. The right to water was The states of the Union have evolved systems of based on a rule of capture, with allocation based law under which acquisition, use and protection of simply on the amount one could pump. This doctrine
Factors Affecting Stayers’ Job Satisfaction in Response to a Coworker Who Departs for a Better Job1

Two studies examined the consequences of turnover, by investigating factors affecting the job satisfaction of people who remain (i. e., stayers) in response to a coworker (i. e., leaver) who departed for a better job. Consistent with Tesser and Campbell's (1983) self-esteem maintenance model, three factors were found to influence the job satisfaction level of stayers: (a) the extent to which they compared their job situation to the leaver's new one, which was negatively related to stayers’ level of satisfaction, (b) the relevance of the leaver to the stayer for social comparison purposes, which was negatively related to the stayers’ level of satisfaction, and (c) the stayers’ trait self-esteem, which was positively related to the stayers’ level of job satisfaction. Theoretical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
'Cara de Dios': ensayo de rectificación

Por mas inocua e inocente que parezca la frase ‘cara de Dios’ en el Lazarillo su interpretacion correcta es imprescindible para la comprension del capitulo, y consiguientemente del libro en total. ...
An Economic Development Model for IT in Developing Countries

Information Technology (IT) has revolutionized the world economy in the past few decades by practically changing the economic activities globally. Given its applicability in various manufacturing and services sectors, IT has significantly affected the economy by providing information and development content on products and processes. Accordingly, faster rates of output and productivity growth have become the trends of information processing and communications. In the United States (US), the substantial growth in both the Labor Productivity (LP), and the Multi-Factor Productivity (MFP) after 1995 proves the significance of automation. It proves that IT has definitely steered the economical advancement of industrialized nations such as the US and the United Kingdom (UK). Unfortunately the same conclusion can not be reached for developing countries. For instance, India and Ghana have yet to achieve significant economical advancement through the use of IT. To address this issue, we propose: An Economic Development Model Based on IT for Developing Countries (EDM-BITDC). Major components of the EDM-BITDC include, Large Foreign Investments (LFIs), Government policies and support for IT, Social awareness of IT importance, and Efficient use of IT. EDM-BITDC provides an answer to the concerns of poor nations. It suggests that governments of these nations entice LFIs in the field of IT. Implementation of EDM-BITDC in DC economies is expected to result in tremendous achievement in conformity with what has already been summarized as success stories of US and UK.
Continuum modeling of the electric-field-induced tension in deforming lipid vesicles

We computationally investigate the deformation of a closed bilayer membrane (vesicle) in a DC electric pulse with a goal of understanding cell electroporation. The electric stresses exerted on the area-incompressible interface generate non-uniform tension that can exceed the membrane lysis tension and drive pore opening. Using the two-dimensional boundary integral method, we track the spatial and temporal evolution of the highest membrane tension. Our simulations highlight the dynamic nature of electrotension and, in contrast to the common assumption, a possibility of electroporation away from the poles.
Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Soldiers Regulate Juvenile Hormone Levels and Caste Differentiation in Workers

A caste structure is maintained in termite societies and juvenile hormone (JH) is generally regarded as the most important regulator in these termite colonies. Here, we demonstrate that the soldier caste regulates JH in workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Worker termites (80–100 individuals) were placed in petri dishes with 0, 5, 10, or 20% soldiers. JH III titers of groups of these workers were monitored at 14, 28, 42, and 56 d. Any changes in soldier caste proportions also were noted at each sample date. On the first sample date, the JH levels in workers were similar among treatments with different initial soldier proportions, and no new soldiers were formed. Over the next three sample dates, the worker JH levels were higher for low initial soldier proportion treatments and vice versa. Concurrently, soldier formation increased with lower initial soldier proportions. JH titers in workers showed a positive and statistically significant relationship to soldier numbers until a certain soldier proportion was reached. These results provide evidence that soldier caste proportions regulate JH levels and thereby caste differentiation in workers. The means by which this regulatory mechanism may proceed is discussed.
An efficient map-reduce algorithm for computing formal concepts from binary data

The problem of discovering all formal concepts embedded in a binary relational dataset is of significant interest for many data analysis and processing problems. The problem of enumerating all concepts for a dataset is known to be NP-hard. A number of Map-Reduce based algorithms have been developed to conquer the difficulty of processing large datasets. But these algorithms are not very scalable because at core all these algorithms stick to a DFS based sequential search for individual concepts, applying Map-Reduce formalism to parallelize the processing at nodes of the DFS tree. We have present here a completely different and Map-Reduce based formulation for parallelizing the concept discovery problem. One major difference of our approach is that we seek to find a sufficient set of concepts only, and this sufficient set can be used to generate all other concepts in the lattice. This formulation is not very suitable for sequential execution but adapts extremely well to the parallel environments based on Map-Reduce operators. We show in this paper that our algorithm is significantly faster than all the known Map-reduce formulations for discovering concepts in binary relational datasets. We have presented in this paper the outline of the theoretical foundations for our algorithm and empirical tests with a number of benchmarking datasets. We also show that the computationally very difficult problem of finding 3-clusters in pairs of binary relational datasets can also be made very efficient by our formulation.
Some Recent Developments for Queueing Networks

Early investigations in queueing theory provided detailed analysis of the behavior of a single queue and of networks that in a sense could be decomposed into a product of single queues. Whilst insights from these early investigations are still used, more recent investigations have focussed on understanding how network components interact.
California Alliance For Radiotracer Education, CARE

The report contains a summary of the accomplishments made during the CARE proposal. The overall goal of this proposal was to train graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in the field of radiochemistry. The goal was to expose trainees to the fundamentals of radioisotope production, radiochemistry synthesis, synthetic organic chemistry as well as applications and hands on experience in small animal imaging. In summary approximately 30 trainees were involved including trainees both at the graduate and postdoctoral levels. This funding has to date resulted in publications in high impact journals such as Med Chem Comm, Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Biology. Trainees have gone on to further their careers in both academia, industry and the private sector. The funding will result in seven Master’s and six Ph.D dissertations. Without the DOE funding it simply would not have been possible to continue to train the next generation of radiochemists needed to assure a future US-based Nuclear and Radiochemistry Expertise.
Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer and Fusarium Dieback in California

The Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (Coleoptera: Curculeonidae: Scolytinae), Euwallacea sp. near fornicatus, is an ambrosia beetle native to Asia that has been introduced into Israel, California, and South Africa. The beetle maintains a symbiotic relationship with three species of fungi that it vectors between host trees by carrying spores within a mandibular mycangium. These ambrosial fungi are inoculated into host trees and are the sole nutritional source for the adults and the larvae. Unfortunately for forest and resource managers, one of the fungi, Fusarium euwallaceae, is a moderately virulent pathogen and is responsible for causing a dieback disease in susceptible hosts. High levels of infestation of susceptible host trees have resulted in high levels of mortality. The currently recognized host range for the beetle-fungus complex includes more than 200 tree species that can be attacked by the beetle, more than 100 species that can support growth of the fungus, and 37 species that can be used as a reproductive host by the beetles. Many of these reproductive hosts are important agricultural crops, components of the California urban forest, or components of native riparian forest communities. Management is currently focused on monitoring using visual inspections or trapping, sanitation using solarization or chipping, and direct control using contact or systemic insecticides. Future management approaches will include planting resistant or unsuitable host trees and biological control. As more information about the biology and ecology of the insect-fungus complex is developed, it may be possible to develop strategies for limiting spread within and among regions of the world with Mediterranean climates.
The Challenge of Single-Session Therapies

The psychotherapeutic facilitation of “decisive moments of life,” such as that described above, is not necessarily a function of treatment duration. Even a single session of therapy can sometimes provide a pivotal moment, invoking the “magic force dwelling in beginnings” that guards us and helps us to live.
Impact ice interface shear stresses caused by blade bending and twisting

The objective of this paper is to present approximate formulas to estimate the interlaminar shear stresses in an ice layer adhered to an airfoil. Three separate loading have been considered: stresses in impact ice on a rotating airfoil, interlaminar shear stresses caused by bending loads and interlaminar stresses caused by twisting. Following strength of materials methods, an approximate formula was developed to calculate interlaminar shear stresses at the interface between the impact ice and substrate. To evaluate the accuracy of this equation, stresses calculated from this formula are compared to finite element analyses. Both bending and torsional loadings are considered. In all cases, two layered composite elements were specified with an outer layer ice and ntroduction , i an aluminum inner layer. The evaluation of stresses due to impact ice on the leading edge of airfoils is a complex problem. Stresses are developed from aerodynamic pressure forces [l], bending and twisting of an airfoil, temperature variations as well as inertia forces. High inertia forces on ice are created from the rotation of helicopter blades [ Z ] and propellers and from the vibration motion caused by impact loading of deicing devices such as EIDI systems t31 . Stresses from aerodynamic loading are a function of air speed, angle-of-attack and ice shape. In Reference [l], stresses in the ice shape studied experimentally by Bragg [4] and analytically by Potapozuk [5] were calculated by finite element analyses. In this work it was concluded that interlaminar shear stresses can be significant at air speeds above Mach 0.45. Below that speed, these shear stresses are not significant and can be neglected. Figure 1 is a plot of the interlaminar shear stresses at Mach 0.6 at O o angle-ofattack. It should be noted that the maximum value is almost 9 psi and that the stress varies significantly at the interface. An approximate evaluation this maximum interlaminar shear stress for a particular ice shape at various airspeeds seams extremely complex. However, at airspeeds below Mach 0.45, this effect can be neglected.
St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission following multiple feeding of Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) during a single gonotrophic cycle.

Some mosquitoes may feed on a viremic host and ingest a small quantity of blood insufficient for initiating maturation of the oocytes, yet containing enough virus to infect the mosquito. After an appropriate extrinsic incubation period, such a mosquito could then become a potential vector while remaining nulliparous. Under experimental conditions, 3 of 31 (9.7%) Culex pipiens pipiens became infected with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus after partial engorgement and without becoming gravid. In addition, SLE virus was transmitted from bird to bird by 2 Cx. p. pipiens during a single gonotrophic cycle. Multiple feeding during a single gonotrophic cycle could increase the chances of mosquitoes acquiring and transmitting Virus. Also, if an infective partial blood meal taken in late summer or autumn were followed by successful hibernation, winter carryover of virus could be accomplished by nulliparous mosquitoes.
Seeded growth of metal-doped plasmonic oxide heterodimer nanocrystals and their chemical transformation.

We have developed a generalized seeded-growth methodology for the synthesis of monodisperse metal-doped plasmonic oxide heterodimer nanocrystals (NCs) with a near-unity morphological yield. Using indium-doped cadmium oxide (ICO) as an example, we show that a wide variety of preformed metal NCs (Au, Pt, Pd, FePt, etc.) can serve as the seeds for the tailored synthesis of metal-ICO heterodimers with exquisite size, shape, and composition control, facilitated by the delayed nucleation mechanism of the CdO phase. The metal-ICO heterodimers exhibit broadly tunable near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonances, and dual plasmonic bands are observed for Au-ICO heterodimers. We further demonstrate that the oxide domain of the Au-ICO heterodimers can be selectively and controllably transformed into a series of partially and completely hollow cadmium chalcogenide nanoarchitectures with unprecedented structural complexity, leaving the metal domain intact. Our work not only represents an exciting addition to the...
On the Search for Paleoliquefaction in the New Madrid Seismic Zone

The great 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes produced extensive liquefaction in the meisoseismal zone, which is largely within the St. Francis drainage basin of Missouri and Arkansas. We examined 10’s of kilometers of ditch banks within the meisoseismal zone for evidence of prehistoric liquefaction events. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the exposures studied provide a record of the last 5,000 to 10,000 years. Our search has revealed no evidence of widespread paleoliquefaction events and, hence, provides no independent support for the relatively short 550 to 1100 year return time of 1811–12 type earthquakes implied by analyses of the statistics of historical seismicity.