cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Obstacles facing women’s grassroots development strategies in Mexico

Abstract Women in the indigenous township of San Pedro Chenalho, Chiapas have responded to economic crisis and structural adjustment in Mexico with cooperative survival strategies. While women have obtained a certain level of empowerment through these strategies, they have also faced severe obstacles to the development and success of their grassroots initiatives. This article examines the transformative potential of the women’s collective projects, analyzes the obstacles they face, and considers the implications of the case of Chenalho for other marginalized communities facing similar impediments to grassroots development.JEL codes: J16; J12
Use of a performance algorithm improves utilization of vertebral fracture assessment in clinical practice

Summary A performance algorithm can be successfully used by bone density technologists at the time of a bone density test to identify patients with an indication for vertebral fracture assessment (VFA). Doing so appropriately increases physician prescription of fracture prevention medication.
A delay model for router microarchitectures

This article introduces a router delay model that takes into account the pipelined nature of contemporary routers and proposes pipelines matched to the specific flow control method employed. Given the type of flow control and router parameters, the model returns router latency in technology-independent units and the number of pipeline stages as a function of cycle time. We apply this model to derive realistic pipelines for wormhole and virtual-channel routers and compare their performance. Contrary to the conclusions of previous models, our results show that the latency of a virtual channel router doesn't increase as we scale the number of virtual channels up to 8 per physical channel. Our simulation results also show that a virtual-channel router gains throughput of up to 40 % over a wormhole router.
Light-cone pathology of theories with noncausal propagation

Couplings of fields with spin values 0, 1/2, and 1 are examined in light-front coordinates. It is found that all theories which have noncausal modes of propagation in ordinary spacetime suffer from loss of constraints.
Cocaine, Crime, Family History of Deviance-Are Psychosocial Correlates Related to These Phenomena in Male Cocaine Abusers?

This paper examines relationships among deviant behaviors such as cocaine abuse, crime, and family history of deviance; demographics; and psychological characteristics such as aggression, sensation seeking, confidence to resist taking cocaine and risk taking tendency to use cocaine in different situations; psychiatric symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsiveness, somatization, attention deficit); and social characteristics such as social adjustment. The sample consisted of men, mean age 35 years, who were veterans of the armed services. Canonical correlation analysis showed three significant canonical variates: The first indicated that verbal aggression, general sensation seeking, and a problem index for situations involving urges to use cocaine were positively related to number of times arrested and negatively related to age. The second revealed that experience seeking and problem indices for situations involving urges to use cocaine and for those involving pleasant times, were positively related to last cocaine use consumption level, total lifetime grams of cocaine used, and alcohol problems of the immediate family. The third showed that verbal aggression and a problem index for risk situations for use involving pleasant times were positively related, and experience seeking was negatively related, to number of times arrested, number of times incarcerated in the previous 30 days, age, and last cocaine use level. The implications of the associations found among these variables are discussed as they pertain to prevention, treatment, and future research.
Quantum chemical vibrational analysis of clusters providing an explanation for the planarity of the P64− ring

Abstract Equilibrium geometry and vibrational frequencies were calculated for a planar and hexagonal P 6 4− ring, as a free anion and as situated in different clusters with the same D 6 h symmetry as the ring. The results show that the planarity is not a consequence of an inherent stability of the planar ring. The planarity is maintained only if the ring is sandwiched between two hexagons of counterions, and is therefore partly a consequence of the electrostatic field set up by the counterions. The sizes of the clusters, and the large numbers of electrons involved, make the calculations one of the most resource demanding HF ab initio vibrational analyses performed to date. Still the results show that even the largest model chosen is too small to give an accurate description of the system.
Giant Cell Aortitis in a South American Monkey (Callimico goeldii)

Absfrucf. Changes consistent with those of giant cell arteritis were found in the ascending aorta of a mature male South American monkey, Cullimico goeldii. The essential change was necrosis of the tunica media with associated granulomatous inflammatory reaction. There also were compensatory fibroelastic thickening of the tunica intima and lymphocytic-plasniacytic cellular infiltrations of the tunica adventitia. The animal presented clinical signs of a respiratory infection 8 weeks before it died from circulatory insufficiency. Spontaneous diseases of nonhuman primates that simulate diseases in man are potential models for use in biomedical research. Chronic inflamniation of the aorta in inan has been described in connection with syphilis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, giant cell arteritis and pulseless disease [2]. This report describes giant cell arteritis of the ascending aorta in a inale Goeldi’s monkey.
Antigen-Processing Machinery in Human Dendritic Cells: Up-Regulation by Maturation and Down-Regulation by Tumor Cells

It has been known for some time that functional properties of dendritic cells (DC), and in particular their ability to process and present Ags to T cells, can be modulated by cytokine-induced maturation and by interactions with tumor cells. However, the molecular basis for these functional changes is unknown. We have investigated whether changes in expression of Ag-processing machinery (APM) components in DC are associated with alterations in their ability to present tumor-derived Ags to T cells. Using a panel of mAbs specific for individual APM components and a quantitative flow cytometry-based method, the level of APM components was measured in DC generated from peripheral blood monocytes of 12 normal donors and of 8 patients with cancer. Immature DC had significantly lower (p < 0.01) expression of MB1, LMP-7, LMP-10, TAP-1, and tapasin than mature DC. However, maturation in the presence of a cytokine mixture up-regulated expression of these components in DC obtained from normal donors and patients with cancer. Immature DC incubated with tumor cells had significantly lower (p < 0.001) expression of MB1, LMP-2, LMP-7, LMP-10, and endoplasmic reticulum p75 than controls. These changes were associated with a decreased ability of DC to present tumor-derived Ags to T cells, as measured in ELISPOT assays and with apoptosis of T cells in DC-T cell cultures. Thus, tumor cells have a significant suppressive effect on DC; however, ex vivo maturation of DC derived from patients with cancer in a polarizing cytokine mix restores normal expression of APM components and Ag-processing capabilities.
Infrared and visible image fusion for face recognition

Considerable progress has been made in face recognition research over the last decade especially with the development of powerful models of face appearance (i.e., eigenfaces). Despite the variety of approaches and tools studied, however, face recognition is not accurate or robust enough to be deployed in uncontrolled environments. Recently, a number of studies have shown that infrared (IR) imagery offers a promising alternative to visible imagery due to its relative insensitive to illumination changes. However, IR has other limitations including that it is opaque to glass. As a result, IR imagery is very sensitive to facial occlusion caused by eyeglasses. In this paper, we propose fusing IR with visible images, exploiting the relatively lower sensitivity of visible imagery to occlusions caused by eyeglasses. Two different fusion schemes have been investigated in this study: (1) image-based fusion performed in the wavelet domain and, (2) feature-based fusion performed in the eigenspace domain. In both cases, we employ Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to find an optimum strategy to perform the fusion. To evaluate and compare the proposed fusion schemes, we have performed extensive recognition experiments using the Equinox face dataset and the popular method of eigenfaces. Our results show substantial improvements in recognition performance overall, suggesting that the idea of fusing IR with visible images for face recognition deserves further consideration.
Embodied leadership: Moving from leader competencies to leaderful practices:

The aim of this study is to illustrate the rich potential of using a phenomenological lens to forefront leader–follower interactions in an intercultural and dangerous context, thus providing a more situational, relational, and integral understanding of leadership practices. An interdisciplinary approach that used a phenomenological ontology and a leadership practice epistemology was applied to re-analyze a competency framework previously identified in a larger case study of Australian military advisers during the Vietnam War. We demonstrate the rich promise of an embodied perspective through the words of the practitioner and their own (bodily) interpretations of leading. In so doing, we challenge the Cartesian mind–body dichotomy and acontextual approach that underpins most mainstream leadership studies. The (re)analysis locates two “leaderful practices” and identifies the influence of in situ context in which leader–follower relations are situated. Our results signal the explanatory potential of embodime...
Ultra-broadband IR continuum generation and its phase measurement using cross-correlation FROG

Summary form only given. Ultrashort laser pulse technology plays an important role in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, etc. The shorter the pulse, the faster the time scales that become accessible. More importantly, the broad bandwidths of such pulses, whether the pulses are short or not, are useful for many applications, including communication, coherent control of chemical reactions, ultrahigh-spatial-resolution optical coherence tomography, and optical metrology. Various approaches have been used to generate such broadband light, and continuum generation has been particularly successful, currently holding the record for the shortest event ever created in the visible-near IR spectral region (Baltuska et al, IEEE J. Quant. Electron., vol. 35, pp. 459-478, 1999). In this paper, we report fairly flat-spectrum ultra-broadband IR continuum generation extending from 880 to 2400 nm using a high-energy 1550 nm pulse from a fiber oscillator/amplifier system (Galvanauskas et al, Opt. Lett., vol. 22, pp. 105-107, 1997), coupled into a standard fiber for continuum generation. Using cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating (XFROG) with an angle-dithered nonlinear crystal, we measured the continuum intensity and phase.
All the World is Staged: Intellectuals and the Projects of Ethnography

Feminism, decolonization, and ‘new social movements’ have decentered the geopolitical power of the ‘First World’ and ruptured the relations of exploitation, domination, and imperialism that undergi...
Contemporary Biological Anthropology in 2013: Integrative, Connected, and Relevant

2013 was a remarkable year in biological anthropology. From perplexing fossil hominin discoveries to revealing genome analyses, discussions of ethics in the field, and the continuing public dissemination of our work, we grappled with many issues both within and outside the academy. Here I explore some of these major accomplishments across four main themes: (1) new hominin finds and resulting consideration of the complex landscapes across which our various ancestors lived, adapted, and possibly interbred; (2) recent news from (nonhuman) primate evolution and contemporary primatological practice; (3) the demonstrated relevance of biological anthropology to anthropology with examples from integrative biocultural and ethnoprimatological approaches that move beyond dated subfield constraints; and (4) the value of social media and engagement of the public.
Fermi Resonance In the Infrared Spectra of endo, anti-Tetracyclo[5.2.1.02,6.03,5]dec-8-en-10-one and endo, anti-Tetracyclo[5.2.1.02,6.03,5]decan-10-one

Abstract We have uncovered strong Fermi resonance coupling2–4 in endo, anti-tetracyclo[5.2.1.02,6.03,5]dec-8-en-10-one (I) and the related tetracyclodecan-10-one (II).
Mass Transfer in Closed Ampoule Vapor Crystal Growth

Closed ampoule vapor transport techniques are widely employed for the preparation of single crystals [1–5]. The experimental simplicity of these techniques makes them also attractive for fundamental crystal growth transport studies in reduced gravity environments. However, the underlying transport processes are complex and difficult to quantify.
Age differences in credibility judgment of online health information

To better support older adults' consumption of high quality health information on the Internet, it is important to understand how older adults make credibility judgments with online health information. For this purpose, we conducted two laboratory studies to explore how the credibility cues in message contents, website features, and user reviews could differentially impact younger and older adults' credibility judgments. Results from the first experiment showed that older adults, compared to younger ones, were less sensitive to the credibility cues in message contents, as well as those in the website features. Results from the second experiment showed that user reviews that were consistent with the credibility cues in message contents could reinforce older adults' credibility judgments. Older adults, compared to younger adults, seemed to be less swayed by user reviews that were inconsistent with the message contents. These results provided implications for designing health information websites that better support older adults' credibility judgments.
Effect of temperature upon the circular dichroism of bradykinin.

Analysis of the effect of temperature on the circular dichroism spectrum of bradykinin has led to a more precise understanding of the solution conformation of the peptide. Circular dichroism and 13C n.m.r. have been used in a complementary fashion to support the picture that bradykinin spends a maximum of about 20% of its time in a partially ordered conformation featuring a gamma-turn with Pro7 as the second residue. Since the gamma-turn probability is insensitive to temperature, some other conformational effect dominated by the structure of water presumably produces the pronounced change in the circular dichroism spectrum with increasing temperature.
Treat them like they have laptops

Upon arriving at the Yale School of Management as the new Director of IT, I encountered a variety of challenges. A series of directors had held the position in the last three years, resulting in a lack of long-term direction. Multiple systems failures had significantly eroded customer satisfaction. Short-term planning and constant fire-fighting had created a fractured and stressed IT department. And outdated services were monopolizing a majority of IT staff support resources.The Yale School of Management requires all students to own a laptop computer. I soon noted a common question from the students: "Why do I need a laptop?" Over a period of three years, this question became the focus point for creating IT strategy, organization, and delivery of services. This paper will give an overview of the resulting changes, and outline our successes and failures.
Real time task manager for communications and control in multicar platoons

Present and future automated intelligent vehicle/highway systems (IVHS) require cooperation and communication between vehicles on the road. An IVHS system can be divided into four layers of control. The regulation layer executes control algorithms that actuate throttle, braking, and/or steering. The regulation layer receives commands from the platoon layer which plans maneuvers such as merging vehicles into a platoon, splitting a platoon of vehicles, and lane changes. The link layer may assign a platoon speed and size. This layer and a higher layer, the network layer, are implemented in roadside computers. The focus of this paper is on the regulation and platoon layers. A protocol is proposed to allow the exchange of messages by vehicles performing co-operative maneuvers. The protocol assumes that all of the interacting vehicles have access to a single radio channel. Data is transmitted in frames that are divided into two channels: a synchronous channel used for round robin transmissions or receptions of data, and a contention channel used to exchange messages of the platoon layer. The synchronous channel is used to transmit or receive speed and acceleration of each vehicle between its neighbors. The test and implementation of the protocol on an automatically controlled platoon to maintain longitudinal control is described. This paper presents another design of a communication task for multicar platoons and a C-language implementation. >
Boundary Implications for Interval Positive Rational Functions: Preliminaries

The purpose of this documentation is to state the generalizations obtained on the topic of boundary implications in parameter space upon the properties of systems which are characterized by interval rational functions. These boundary implications in order that the positive real (complex) property holds for an interval rational function are formulated. The source for details pertaining to the proofs of the stated results is referred to and this source should be widely accessible.
Bridging the gaps to build the future of clinical and pre-clinical imaging research.

2508 Objectives Breakthroughs in oncology are established with pre-clinical and clinical trial data where in vivo imaging is often used as an objective criterion. Nowadays, with the co-clinical trial concept, novel anti-cancer drugs are simultaneously investigated in patients and genetically-engineered mouse models that reflect the corresponding human disease. As such, the implementation of best practices for image acquisition, quantitative imaging methods and protocols, standardization, reproducibility, and validation of pre-clinical and clinical imaging data remain an unmet need that should become a top priority. Methods The Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology (CBIO) was built within our imaging department to enable this cutting edge approach to research. Our technologists, physicists, physicians, and IT experts were trained across imaging modalities and procedures in both clinical and pre-clinical settings. A lead imaging research technologist position was created to review all protocols that include imaging, write standard operating procedures for each imaging modality, perform image analysis, and serve as the communication liaison between CBIO and internal and external research organizations. Results The wall-less infrastructure of CBIO bridges the gaps between pre-clinical and clinical imaging research and fosters multidisciplinary interaction to maintain effective communication, facilitate standardization, reproducibility and quantitative analysis of multimodality imaging data sets. CBIO has enabled innovative research that has led to breakthrough discoveries in less time than more traditional processes. Conclusions Imaging technologists in the future are presented with unique opportunities and responsibilities to bridge the gap between pre-clinical and clinical imaging settings. It is imperative that we create harmony across disciplines and imaging modalities to successfully enable research that will positively impact patient care.
Low-intensity vibrations accelerate proliferation and alter macrophage phenotype in vitro.

Abstract Macrophages are essential for the efficient healing of various tissues. Although many biochemical signaling pathways have been well characterized in macrophages, their sensitivity to mechanical signals is largely unexplored. Here, we applied low-intensity vibrations (LIV) to macrophages to determine whether macrophages could directly transduce LIV signals into changes in the expression of genes and proteins involved in tissue repair. Two different LIV signal frequencies (30 Hz or 100 Hz) were combined with two acceleration magnitudes (0.15g or 1g) to generate four distinct LIV signals that were applied to cultured murine macrophages. All four LIV signals significantly increased macrophage number after 3 days of stimulation with the combination of the smallest acceleration and the highest frequency (0.15g at 100 Hz) generating the largest response. Compared to non-LIV controls, gene expression of the pro-healing growth factors VEGF and TGF-β increased with all four LIV signals (Day 1). LIV also decreased protein levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α (Days 1 and 3). These data demonstrate the sensitivity of macrophages to high-frequency oscillations applied at low intensities and may suggest that the benefit of LIV for tissue repair may be based on reducing inflammation and promoting a pro-healing macrophage phenotype.
Solid-state and solution-state coordination chemistry of lanthanide(III) complexes with (pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid.

As a precursor of carboxyl-functionalized task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) for f-element separations, (pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (L) can be deprotonated as a functionalized pyrazolate anion to coordinate with hard metal cations. However, the coordination chemistry of L with f-elements remains unexplored. We reacted L with lanthanides in aqueous solution at pH = 5 and synthesized four lanthanide complexes of general formula [Ln(L)3(H2O)2]·nH2O (1, Ln = La, n = 2; 2, Ln = Ce, n = 2; 3, Ln = Pr, n = 2; 4, Ln = Nd, n = 1). All complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealing one-dimensional chain formations. Two distinct crystallographic structures are governed by the different coordination modes of carboxylate groups in L: terminal bidentate and bridging tridentate (1–3); terminal bidentate, bridging bidentate, and tridentate coordination in 4. Comparison of the solid state UV–vis–NIR diffuse reflectance spectra with solution state UV–vis–NIR spectra suggests a different ...
The Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of the West Indies. II. Jamaica

Forty-one species are recorded and keyed from Jamaica. The probable female of Sarconciva fimbriata (Aldrich) is described and the female of Boettcheria parkeri (Aldrich) is characterized. Sarcofahrtiamyia tenta Hall (Argentina) is recorded from Jamaica, Guatemala, and Florida, and corrections and additions are made to its description. Three new genera and 16 new species are described, as follows: AIRYPEL molluscoperda, CICATRICIA jamacoorum, FARRIMYIA ruthae; Sarcofahrtiopsis diembroma , S. farri (Jamaica and Costa Rica), S. jamaicensis, S. paterna (Florida, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica) ; Harpagopyga albihirta, H. atrata, H. dissimilis, H. nigribimbo, H. villipes; Oxysarcodexia corolla, O. dorisae; Peckia (Euboettcheria) buethni; and Pseudopsodexia horebana. There is a key to the known species of Sarcofahrtiopsis (= Cataphyto Townsend, new synonymy). Sarcophaga megista Hall is transferred to the new genus Farrimyia , and Sarcophaga chactopyialis Williston to Oxysarcodexia .
Liberalism or Immigration Restrictions, But Not Both

This paper argues for a dilemma: you can accept liberalism or immigration restrictions, but not both. More specifically, the standard arguments for restricting freedom of movement apply equally to textbook liberal freedoms, such as freedom of speech, religion, occupation and reproductive choice. We begin with a sketch of liberalism’s core principles and an argument for why freedom of movement is plausibly on a par with other liberal freedoms. Next we argue that, if a state’s right to self-determination grounds a prima facie right to restrict immigration, then it also grounds a prima facie right to restrict freedom of speech, religion, sexual choice and more. We then suggest that the social costs associated with freedom of immigration are also costs associated with occupational choice, speech and reproduction. Thus, a state’s interest in reducing these costs gives it prima facie justification to restrict not only immigration but also other core liberal freedoms. Moreover, we rebut the objection that, even if the standard arguments for a prima facie right to restrict immigration also support a prima facie right to restrict liberal freedoms generally, there are differences that render immigration restrictions – but not restrictions on speech, religion, etc. – justified all things considered. In closing, we suggest that the theoretical price of supporting immigration restrictions – viz., compromising a commitment to liberal principles – is too steep to pay.
The use of continuous epidural combined with continuous caudal anesthesia for labor and delivery.

Summary The method advocated by Cleland' for the use of continuous epidural and continuous caudal anesthesia for labor and delivery has been reviewed. The results of its use in 74 cases have been presented. Completely satisfactory anesthesia for labor and delivery was afforded 70 per cent of the patients. The results with the continuous epidural anesthesia were gratifying, there being only 3 failures and these due to incorrect placement of the catheter. The continuous caudal left something to be desired in view of its occasional technical difficulty. Furthermore, the necessity for the introduction of a caudal catheter remains open to question, as about half of our patients required only one caudal injection. No serious complications were encountered in our series except for one unexplained intrapartum fetal death. The results thus far justify the continued trial and evaluation of the method.
Killing them softly: Pillowman assassins in the works of Martin McDonagh and Salman Rushdie

AbstractThis article draws together the work of novelist Salman Rushdie and playwright and screenwriter Martin McDonagh, who has embraced the epithet “The Irish Salman Rushdie”. When considered in tandem, both writers are revealed as irreverent postcolonial artists using absurd representations to mock the hypermasculine persona and reveal its dangerous ideology as a foundation of terrorist thinking. The article traces the trope of the “Pillowman” assassin, used by both writers to signify emasculated male characters who turn to violence out of shame. The inverted logic these characters espouse is examined and shown to signal the fallacy of accepting violence as an essential facet of masculinity. When viewed in this framework, the work of Rushdie and McDonagh suggests that the drive towards aggressive masculinity in postcolonial settings acts as a vestigial by-product of the colonial power structure.
Diagnostic utility of urine cytology in early detection of polyomavirus in transplant patients

Introduction Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN) is one of the most common disease affecting transplant patients, mainly caused by BK polyomavirus (BKV) and with Methods A cohort of post-transplantation patients with serum BKV level monitored by Qt-BK PCR from 2008 to 2013 was studied. Among them, 35 patients had both urine cytology (UC) analysis and Qt-BK PCR performed. The clinical presentation along with the available UC slides were retrieved and reviewed. Results Compared with Qt-BK PCR, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of urine cytology analyzed within one week apart were 92%, 71%, 85%, and 83%, respectively. The accuracy of the UC was 84%. More interestingly, UC played a key role in identifying a case of JCV associated PVAN whereas Qt-BK PCR from both urine and plasma failed to detect this virus. Conclusion Our data suggests that urine cytology is a sensitive surveillance test for early detection of polyomavirus in transplant patients, and it is particularly useful to screen for rare JC polyomavirus.
Acidification and γ-aminobutyric acid independently alter kairomone-induced behaviour

Exposure to high pCO2 or low pH alters sensation and behaviour in many marine animals. We show that crab larvae lose their ability to detect and/or process predator kairomones after exposure to low...
SkyEyes: adaptive video streaming from UAVs

UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) equipped with high-end cameras have become increasingly popular among consumers. UAVs have been traditionally considered for applications such as disaster response and surveillance, while emerging applications include live-event broadcasts, precision agriculture, and augmented-reality games. Consumer UAVs today use fixed-bitrate video streaming where users configure the resolution (4K or 1080p). However, applications with real-time streaming that deploy UAVs in the wild will require adaptive video streaming to tackle uncertain wireless link capacities and meet their video quality requirements. This paper is a first step toward the design of adaptive video streaming algorithms that can provide significant gains for UAV streaming. Our system SkyEyes leverages two novel aspects to aid UAV streaming: content-based compression and video rate adaptation based on location sensors and client buffer status. Our system prototype, while far from complete, exhibits promise -- we believe that adaptive video streaming is indeed crucial for real-time UAV applications
The locus of sulfate sites on sulfated zirconia

The surface of sulfated zirconia was probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that the entire inventory of sulfur could be completely removed by sputtering the surface using an argon beam. Calibration using a TiO2(110) standard resulted in a surface concentration of 2.85 sulfur atoms/nm2. This is in reasonable agreement with a value of 4.15 sulfur atoms/nm2 based on sulfur analysis on the assumption that all of the sulfur was located at the surface. These results suggest that most, if not all, of the sulfur is near or at the surface. When charging was taken into account, we observed that the oxidation state of sulfur did not change following catalyst deactivation during the isomerization of n-butane. We also determined that the entire inventory of sulfur was present as SO42-. These results reinforce previous studies suggesting that catalyst deactivation occurs as the result of carbon deposition and not a change in the oxidation state of sulfur.
Modeling Carbon Dioxide Vibrational Frequencies in Ionic Liquids: I. Ab Initio Calculations.

This work elucidates the molecular binding mechanism of CO2 in [C4C1IM][PF6] ionic liquid (IL) and its interplay with the CO2 asymmetric stretch frequency ν3, and establishes computational protocols for the reliable construction of spectroscopic maps for simulating ultrafast 2D-IR data of CO2 solvated in ILs. While charge transfer drives the static frequency shift between different ionic liquids (J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 142, 212425), we find here that electrostatic and Pauli repulsion effects dominate the dynamical frequency shift between different geometries sampled from the finite-temperature dynamics within a single ionic liquid. This finding is also surprising because dispersion interactions dominate the CO2–IL interaction energies, but are comparably constant across different geometries. An important practical consequence of this finding is that density functional theory is expected to be sufficiently accurate for constructing potential energy surfaces for CO2 in [C4C1IM][PF6], as needed for accurate an...
Abstract B64: A high-throughput screen identifies fulvestrant as an enhancer of immune-mediated cytotoxicity of mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells

The phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenotypic switch that allows epithelial tumor cells to acquire features of mesenchymal cells, including the ability to migrate and invade and, therefore, to disseminate from the primary site. In addition to promoting tumor dissemination, various reports have demonstrated that tumor EMT also associates with the acquisition of resistance to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and some targeted therapies. In the present report we have utilized a quantitative high-throughput screening of a pharmaceutical collection of more than 2000 compounds to identify FDA-approved drugs capable of augmenting the sensitivity of mensenchymal-like lung cancer cells to immune-mediated lysis. Using this approach we have identified the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant as capable of rendering mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of natural killer or antigen-specific T cells and chemotherapy. Fulvestrant-treatment of human lung carcinoma cell lines, both in vivo and in vitro, was associated with a reduction of mesenchymal features. In silico analysis of publicly available gene expression datasets revealed a novel association between the expression of mesenchymal-associated features and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Although the potential role of estrogen signaling in lung cancer remains controversial, this study supports a positive association between active estrogen signaling and the promotion of a mesenchymal phenotype in lung cancer. The findings from this study form the rationale for future combinations of fulvestrant and immune-mediated therapies in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Citation Format: Duane H. Hamilton, Lesley Mathews-Griner, Jonathan M. Keller, Xin Hu, Noel Southall, Juan Marugan, Justin M. David, Ferrer Ferrer, Jeffrey Schlom, Claudia Palena. A high-throughput screen identifies fulvestrant as an enhancer of immune-mediated cytotoxicity of mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B64.
A Sequential Learning Approach for Scaling Up Filter-Based Feature Subset Selection

Increasingly, many machine learning applications are now associated with very large data sets whose sizes were almost unimaginable just a short time ago. As a result, many of the current algorithms cannot handle, or do not scale to, today’s extremely large volumes of data. Fortunately, not all features that make up a typical data set carry information that is relevant or useful for prediction, and identifying and removing such irrelevant features can significantly reduce the total data size. The unfortunate dilemma, however, is that some of the current data sets are so large that common feature selection algorithms—whose very goal is to reduce the dimensionality—cannot handle such large data sets, creating a vicious cycle. We describe a sequential learning framework for feature subset selection (SLSS) that can scale with both the number of features and the number of observations. The proposed framework uses multiarm bandit algorithms to sequentially search a subset of variables, and assign a level of importance for each feature. The novel contribution of SLSS is its ability to naturally scale to large data sets, evaluate such data in a very small amount of time, and be performed independently of the optimization of any classifier to reduce unnecessary complexity. We demonstrate the capabilities of SLSS on synthetic and real-world data sets.
Driving Aggression and Anxiety: Intersections, Assessment, and Interventions.

Objective Driving aggression and anxiety are significant contributors to risky driving and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs), which are leading causes of U.S. morbidity and mortality. Even though aggression and anxiety can be conceptualized as related features of the fight-or-flight response, literature on these topics has not been integrated. Driving aggression and anxiety are also transdiagnostic constructs that span multiple psychiatric disorders. Assessment and treatment of these complex problems must be understood to reduce the public health burden of MVCs. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PsycInfo and Google Scholar. Results Definitions and prevalence of constructs including driving anger, aggressive driving, posttraumatic stress disorder, driving phobia, and transdiagnostic factors are delineated. Psychosocial correlates and assessment instruments are reviewed. Theoretical models that explicate personological, affective, cognitive, and behavioral components are explored. Differential and shared processes underlying driving aggression and anxiety are examined. Interventions are described, with a focus on promising cognitive-behavioral methods. Conclusion Driving aggression and anxiety likely share affective and cognitive characteristics such as emotional reactivity and distorted threat appraisals. Further research is needed to support theoretical models linking driving aggression and anxiety, and to validate assessment instruments that capture both constructs. Epidemiologic studies are needed to determine norms, prevalence, and clinical cutpoints. Integration of interventions for these interrelated problems could ultimately reduce risky driving and MVCs.
The cardiac glycoside convallatoxin inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer cells in a p53-independent manner.

Abstract Cardiac glycosides are plant-derived molecules that have shown antiproliferative properties against cancer cells, though the mechanism of action is not completely understood. We show that one cardiac glycoside, convallatoxin, presents antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells in culture and that the resulting cell death is independent of the p53 tumor suppressor. Our data suggest that convallatoxin may be useful in the treatment of cancers that harbor inactivating mutations in the p53 signaling pathway.
Chapter 5 – Fluorescent Protein Applications in Microscopy

The use of fluorescent proteins (FPs) in modern cell biology and microscopy has had an extraordinary impact on our ability to investigate dynamic processes in living cells. FPs are unique in that fluorescence is encoded solely by the primary amino acid sequence of the FP and does not require enzymatic modification or cofactors. This genetically encoded fluorescence enables the expression of FPs in diverse cells and organisms and the detection of that fluorescence in living systems. This chapter focuses on microscopy-based applications of FP detection to monitor protein localization, dynamics, interaction, and the cellular environment.
Relative surface wave amplitude and phase anomalies from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea announced nuclear tests

We performed relative locations of six event-pairs based on surface-wave (SW) and body-wave (BW) differential travel-times of the 2016-09-09, 2016-01-06, 2013-02-12, and 2009-05-25 announced North Korea nuclear explosions. The SW relative locations for the 2009-05-25 and 2013-02-12 events were inconsistent with the BWs when paired with other events and only the 2016-01-06/2016-09-09 pair was consistent. Apparent SW phase shift is investigated with respect to the BW relative locations. The pairs formed with the 2009-05-25 and 2013-02-12 events, beneath the southeast slope of Mount Mant'ap, have the largest phase shifts and amplitude ratio deviations, whereas the least deviation was from the 2016-01-06 and 2016-09-09 event-pair beneath the mountain peak. Regional moment tensors (MTs) predict the amplitude ratios but do not resolve the relative phase. We find MTs with 10% difference in isotropic and rotated +CLVD can fit both relative phase and amplitude ratios. SW relative locations of highly isotropic and correlated explosion clusters can be affected by topography and small differences in MT.
A critical method of evaluating tests for male infertility

AbstractConsiderable uncertainty surrounds the selection of test values that separate infertile from fertile men in the evaluation of male infertility. We herein describe an objective method of determining these values, referred to as threshold values, for different infertility tests. Using test results from fertile men threshold values were chosen such that 96 per cent of the semen samples from the fertile men were scored as fertile. These threshold values then were used to evaluate 100 semen samples from 74 men presenting for evaluation of infertility.Using this method we constructed infertility profiles on each of the 100 semen samples presented for infertility evaluation and found that the zona pellucida-free hamster egg penetration test (a measure of a spermatozoon’s ability to undergo capacitation and penetrate an egg) identified 66 per cent of these samples as infertile, while multiple exposure photomicrography (a quantitative measure of sperm motility) identified 54 per cent of these samples as in...
Economic Entomology in the 21st Century, as Seen from a Bibliometric Analysis of Its Leading Journal, 2000–2015. Part II: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera

In Part II of our study of papers published in the Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000–2015, we focus on the three most intensely studied orders: Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera. Species wi...
A hybrid discontinuous Galerkin semi-discrete finite element method for skewed and curved laminated beams/plates/shells based on Delta function

Abstract A hybrid discontinuous finite element method based on Delta function is developed for skewed and curved laminated beams/plates. Equal-order interpolations for displacement field and interface stress field are obtained without numerical oscillations. For the displacement field, the Consistent Orthogonal Basis Function Space is applied. For the interface stress field, the Delta function is used as basis functions. Two types of Delta functions are discussed. For the first type, the Delta function is defined uniformly on the interface. For the second type, the Delta function is defined on the Gauss points. It is observed that the numerical oscillation occurs in the first type for a large deformation analysis. For the second type, it is always numerical stable. The effect domain of the Delta function is discussed such that the stress on the interface is able to be calculated. The laminated plate and beam with clamped boundary conditions are studied. The interface shear stress is compared with ANSYS. Numerical oscillation is not observed for the second type Delta function with equal-order interpolations of displacement and interface stress. Skewed and curved laminated plates are also analyzed. The accuracy is still good for various angles between adjacent edges and various curvatures.
Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions in the synthesis of Aspidosperma and structurally related monoterpene indole alkaloids

Covering: up to the end of 2017 Enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylations of prochiral enolates represent a powerful tool for the construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. This review describes the emergence of such reactions as strategic linchpins that enable efficient, stereocontrolled syntheses of Aspidosperma and related monoterpene indole alkaloids.
DAF-16/Foxo suppresses the transgenerational sterility of prg-1 piRNA mutants via a systemic small RNA pathway

Mutation of the daf-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor activates the DAF-16/Foxo transcription factor to suppress the transgenerational sterility phenotype of prg-1/piRNA mutants that are deficient for piRNA-mediated genome silencing. As with PRG-1/piRNAs, mutations in the nuclear RNA interference gene nrde-1 compromised germ cell immortality, but deficiency for daf-2 did not suppress the transgenerational sterility of nrde-1 or nrde-4 single mutants or of prg-1; nrde-4 or prg-1; hrde-1 double mutants. NRDE-1 and NRDE-4 promote transcriptional silencing in somatic cells via the nuclear Argonaute protein NRDE-3, which was dispensable for germ cell immortality. However, daf-2 deficiency failed to promote germ cell immortality in prg-1; nrde-3 mutants. Consistently, we found that DAF-16 activity in somatic cells suppressed the transgenerational sterility of prg-1 mutants via the SID-1 dsRNA transmembrane channel that promotes systemic RNAi as well as Dicer, the dsRNA binding protein RDE-4 and the RDRP RRF-3. We conclude that DAF-16 activates a cell-non-autonomous systemic RNAi pathway that promotes small RNA-mediated genome silencing in germ cells to suppress loss of the genomic immune surveillance factor Piwi/PRG-1.
Psychopathy and Normal Personality

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the construct of psychopathy from the perspective of normal personality. It will be suggested that psychopathy can be understood as a maladaptive variant of common personality traits. The chapter will begin with a discussion of the constructs of mental and personality disorders, suggesting the absence of a discrete or qualitative point of demarcation between the presence versus absence of a personality disorder. Psychopathy, as a personality disorder, will then be considered from the perspective of a model of normal personality functioning. It will be suggested that the traits of psychopathy (and antisocial personality disorder) can be understood from the perspective of this model, but only the most prototypic cases would display all of the features. The complexity of the psychopathic personality profile and the variability in presentation is important to appreciate when attempting to understand individual cases of psychopathy, to explain variability in findings across different settings and populations, to identify the maladaptivity of the disorder within different social and environmental contexts, and to understand its etiology.
Numerical and Perturbative Computations of the Fuzzy Dark Matter Model

We investigate nonlinear structure formation in the fuzzy dark matter (FDM) model using both numerical and perturbative techniques. On the numerical side, we examine the virtues and limitations of a Schr\"odinger-Poisson solver (wave formulation) versus a fluid dynamics solver (Madelung formulation). On the perturbative side, we carry out a computation of the one-loop mass power spectrum, i.e. up to third order in perturbation theory. We find that (1) in many situations, the fluid dynamics solver is capable of producing the expected interference patterns, but it fails in situations where destructive interference causes the density to vanish---a generic occurrence in the nonlinear regime. (2) The Schr\"odinger-Poisson solver works well in all test cases, but it is demanding in resolution: suppose one is interested in the mass power spectrum on large scales, it is not sufficient to resolve structure on those same scales; one must resolve the relevant de Broglie scale which is often smaller. The fluid formulation does not suffer from this issue. (3) We compare the one-loop mass power spectrum from perturbation theory against the mass power spectrum from the Schr\"odinger-Poisson solver, and find good agreement in the mildly nonlinear regime. We contrast fluid perturbation theory with wave perturbation theory; the latter has a more limited range of validity. (4) As an application, we compare the Lyman-alpha forest flux power spectrum obtained from the Schr\"odinger-Poisson solver versus one from an N-body simulation (the latter is often used as an approximate method to make predictions for FDM). At redshift 5, the two, starting from the same initial condition, agree to better than 10% on observationally relevant scales as long as the FDM mass exceeds $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. We emphasize that the so called quantum pressure is capable of both enhancing and suppressing fluctuations in the nonlinear regime---which dominates depends on the scale and quantity of interest.