cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rational Approach to Allergy Testing.

Allergy testing is commonly used when symptoms of allergic rhinitis are refractory to symptoms and there is potential for treatment with institution of avoidance measures or immunotherapy. Once the decision for testing has been made, the method of testing by either in vivo skin testing by prick/puncture or intradermal testing or in vitro testing of serum-specific IgE is dictated by factors in the clinical history and an informed decision by the patient. Because there is no perfect testing method, understanding the benefits and limitations of each method is important in selecting the best testing option for each patient.
Decompositions for General Multilinear Systems

Research reported herein deals with composition and mainly decompositions of (time-varying) multilinear systems, which are defined as an extension of the concept of a linear system as a module of input — output functions. Realizations of multilinear systems have both practical and theoretical interest, which motivates the study of decomposition as well as composition of multilinear systems. Composition of linear and multilinear systems is shown to produce multilinear systems. A natural and important way to obtain multilinear systems from linear component systems and one tensor-product system is also presented. The main decomposition result is that this natural way is also a general one: any multilinear system of a quite large class can be decomposed into parallel linear systems interconnected by a memoryless tensor-product system followed by a linear system. Some finer decompositions are also obtained to clarify the general structure and alternative interconnection patterns for the realization of systems in this class.
Heat transfer foot print on ceramics after thermal shock with droplet impingement: Development of thermal shock tolerant material with hydrophobic surface

We perform a systematic study of the thermal shock experienced by the alumina during quenching by cold water droplet impingement with heated surface temperature ranging from 125°C to 475°C for Weber number ≈32. We explore the effect of surface heat transfer mode on the thermal shock experienced by the material. It is found that the variation of residual strength translates into the mode of boiling heat transfer, hence surface heat flux. The material remembers the degree of thermal shock; the heat transfer foot print is embedded in the residual strength. This finding speaks to a possibility of developing a ceramic detector for heat transfer modes in extreme environments. This study finds that superior thermal shock tolerance can be achieved by removing the heat transfer footprint with reduced heat flux. By promoting the film boiling with nano-fractal hydrophobic surface, we achieved superior thermal shock tolerance for alumina substrates. This is a novel approach to reduce thermal shock by controlling the heat transfer with surface modification, different from conventional, yet expensive, method of improving the bulk material properties.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding is Associated with a Shift Towards a Pro-Angiogenic Phenotype after Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Introduction Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) occurs in up to 20% of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) recipients. A higher risk of GIB has been observed in CF-LVAD recipients with lower device pulsatility, yet a mechanism linking changes in hemodynamics to increased GIB is lacking. Hypothesis We hypothesized that 1) levels of Ang-1, a growth factor with vascular protective effects, would be lower while levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), an inducer of angiogenesis, and Ang-2, a promoter of vascular destabilization, would be higher in (a) CF-LVAD recipients compared to controls and (b) in CF-LVAD recipients with GIB as compared to those without; and that 2) CF-LVAD pulsatility and pulse pressure would be positively correlated with levels of Ang-1 and negatively correlated with VEGF-A and Ang-2. Methods Twenty-four participants from our institution, 12 with CF-LVADs (6 of whom had GIB after LVAD implantation) and 12 age-matched controls with no history of heart failure or GIB, contributed venous blood samples. We measured VEGF-A, Ang-2, and Ang-1 levels in serum fractions with immunoassays. Results Ang-2 levels were higher and Ang-1 levels lower in CF-LVAD recipients compared to controls with no difference in VEGF-A levels. Ang-1 levels were lower in CF-LVAD recipients with GIB compared to those without; Ang-2 and VEGF-A levels did not differ between the two groups. There was no correlation between pulsatility index and Ang-2, Ang-1, or VEGF-A levels. Pulse pressure was negatively correlated with Ang-2 levels (r = −0.578, P = 0.003), positively correlated with Ang-1 levels (r= 0.496, P = 0.014), and not correlated with VEGF-A levels. Conclusions CF-LVAD recipients demonstrate a shift toward a pro-angiogenic phenotype in the angiopoietin pathway, with increased levels of Ang-2 and lower levels of Ang-1 as compared to controls. Lower levels of Ang-1 were associated with GIB following CF-LVAD implantation. Lastly, lower pulse pressure was associated with higher Ang-2 levels and lower Ang-1 levels. These results suggest a contribution of altered angiogenesis to the observed increased risk of GIB in this population and a potential link to altered hemodynamics.
Added sugar and dietary fiber consumption are associated with creativity in preadolescent children

Objectives: Creativity requires the ability to combine existing mental representations in new ways and depends, in part, on the hippocampus. Hippocampal function is, in turn, affected by a number o...
A multi-objective multi-stage stochastic model for project team formation under uncertainty in time requirements

Abstract Team formation is one of the key stages in project management. The cost associated with the individuals who form a team and the quality of the tasks completed by the team are two of the main concerns in team formation problems. In this study, we consider simultaneous optimization of cost and quality in a team formation problem. Because these problems in a project usually arise in multi-period planning with uncertain parameters, a multi-objective multi-stage stochastic programming (MOMSP) model is developed and presented. Having sufficient scenarios to realistically represent real-world environments often leads to high computational complexity. Thus, we have adopted scenario cluster decomposition methods in our modeling and developed a heuristic algorithm. It is shown that the model can be solved for problems with practical size. The presented model and its solution methodology can be applied to different types of projects. In this study, a project that involves an overhaul of a set of aircraft is presented as a case study in which the goals are to minimize staffing costs and maximize the reliability of the aircraft by staffing workforce with high competency.
Emergency Physician-Initiated Resuscitative Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has several applications as a resuscitative intervention, including extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). ECPR is rarely initiated in the emergency department (ED) by emergency physicians outside regional academic institutions. Objectives To evaluate whether ECPR improves clinical outcomes after cardiac arrest when initiated by emergency physicians (EPs) in a nonacademic hospital. Methods and Materials We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively identified consecutive EP-initiated ECMO subjects from a single community hospital over a 7-year period. Logistic regression and propensity models tested the association between ECPR and survival to hospital discharge compared with concurrent ECPR-eligible control subjects. Results Over 7 years (2010–2017), EPs initiated ECMO on 58 subjects; 44 (76%) were venoarterial cases (43 ECPR) initiated in the ED. Of those, 11 (25%) survived to discharge (n = 9 with cerebral performance category score 1) and most were still alive after 5 years (66%). Adjusting for known covariates, ECPR subjects were more likely than concurrent controls to survive to discharge (odds ratio 8.4; 95% confidence interval 1.2–60.4). Propensity analysis revealed a favorable trend toward survival to discharge after ECPR (odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 0.51–7.8). Conclusions Emergency physicians initiated ECMO with promising clinical outcomes. Prospective trials are needed to define the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of EP-initiated ECMO.
If I Knew Then What I Know Now: On Reevaluating DNP3 Security using Power Substation Traffic

In the modern world, the reliable and continuous operation of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have become increasingly crucial factors of our daily life. As a result, the networking protocols of CPSs have been developed to achieve availability without serious consideration for security. Security flaws in these protocols could lead to system misconfigurations or malicious network penetrations which would severely impact the operation of critical infrastructure and control devices on a CPS network. To combat this some researchers have made efforts to design effective intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDSs/IPSs) for providing security in CPS networks. Most of the past and ongoing work in this space explores security from virtual testbeds or simulated systems, many of which make simplifying assumptions. These artificial platforms generally rely on the expectation that CPS networks are behaviorally very similar to traditional information technology (IT) networks and this does not always hold true in practice. In this paper, we investigate and discuss the feasibility and efficacy of previously proposed DNP3 application layer attacks and their mitigation techniques on network traffic captured from four real-world power grid substations. Based on this and a traffic characterization of the captured data we suggest a set of lightweight, but effective mechanisms to help enhance the security of power substations utilizing the DNP3 protocol. This work primarily focuses on DNP3 since it is the most widely used protocol in power substations which form the backbone of the electricity grid.
Natural infection of 4-Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi in Diebu and Huajian areas of Gansu province

Objective In order to offer scientific evidence for prevention and therapy of Lyme disease, we had investigated the natural infection of lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi(Bb) of 4 ticks in Diebu and Huajian areas of Gansu province. Methods Epidemiology detection of natural infection of lyme disease Bb was accomplished for four dominant tick ( Dermacetor silvarum , Dermacentor nuttalli , Haemaphysalis Japonica and Ixodes Crenulatus ) at Diebu, Diebu forest zone(Qin mountain), north of Min Mountains of Huajian region and Huajian forest zone, north of Qilian Mountains of Sunan region, Gansu, from March to June, 2010. The methods of dispersion of clamp every 10 m which was put in the morning and retrieved at night were used to capture rodent animal and gnawer retrorse hair inspection insect methods were used to collect parasitic tick. Flagging methods were used to collect free tick.Four kinds of live adult ticks were dissected after cleaning and disinfection. Intestinal contents were smeared, lyme disease Bb was observed under dark-field microscope. Etiological agent was cultivated and separated. Separated spirochete was confirmed by spirochete monoclonal and polyclonal antibody. Results The ticks collected were classified as 2 families, 8 genera, 36 species, i.e. Ixodidae 6 genera, 33 species and Argasidae 2 genera, 3 species. The method of dark-field microscope was used to detect the lyme disease spirochete in 201 ticks intestines after dissection of Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor nuttalli, Haemaphysalis Japonica and Ixodes Crenulatus, the lyme disease Bb-positive were 25 with positive rate of 12.44％(25/201). The lyme disease Bb was cultivated and separated from 12 ticks with the positive rate of 18.46％(12/65) after inoculation and cultivation of 3 species, 65 ticks of Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor nuttalli and Haemaphysalis Japonica. Conclusions Dermacentor silvarum,Dermacentor nuttalli and Haemaphysalis Japonica have different degrees of natural infection of lyme disease Bb. Key words: Ticks; Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi
CS 6150: A Practical Graduate Advanced Algorithms Course at UVU

Two years ago Utah Valley University (UVU) began offering a Master of Computer Science Degree(MCS). This program needed to be distinct from other similar programs in our service area, and needed to align with the workforce development goals of UVU. The CS 6150 Advanced Algorithms course, one of the fundamental core courses students take in the MCS program, exhibits this distinctiveness. This paper describes five problems taught to students when they take CS 6150. They are: Balancing a Two-wheeled Robot, Stable Marriage Problem, Lemoine's Conjecture, Largest Triangle and Blockchains. These problems are an eclectic set of problems that are not commonly taught in data structures and algorithms textbooks and courses, but provide enough theory to be rigorous while giving experience with real-world, practical problems around which to develop new professional skills. Students are required to produce performant, working code while learning about the algorithms and related theories, concepts and mathematics involved. This blend supports the unique missions of UVU and the MCS Program. Student feedback is that the course is difficult, for reasons such as new advanced material and higher expectations of graduate students, however they also enjoy the challenging projects and they use the knowledge and skills they develop in school and work.
Salt Balance In Ground-Water Reservoirs

The development of water resources in California to meet ultimate water requirements has necessitated planned operation of ground-water reservoirs for seasonal and cyclic storage of water. A proble...
2. Challenge of organ shortage is enormous, but we’re heading towards a future where we have time and ability to improve and augment organs before more and better transplants

Over the past four decades, Lung transplant has evolved to a successful modality for treating end stage lung disease in selected patients. However, lung transplant is not problem-free. Primary graft dysfunction is the most severe form of post transplant lung ischemia and reperfusion injury and is correlated with early and late mortality after lung transplantation. Many studies have been performed to optimize the donor lung preservation in order to minimize ischemic injury to the donor lung. However, no major breakthrough has been made in donor lung preservation. Cold flush and storage has been accepted as a standard preservation of donor lungs in clinical lung transplantation. With the concept of living organ transplant, that is, heart beating, lung breathing, kidney making urine and liver producing bile, Transmedics developed a portable ex-vivo warm perfusion system that allows the donor lungs functioning and “breathing” in a near-physiologic state outside the body during transport, thus minimizing the donor lung ischemic time. Gregor Warnecke and his colleagues reported first-in-man experience of the portable OCS lung device for concomitant preservation, assessment and transport of donor lungs. It demonstrated that lungs can be safely preserved with the OCS lung, resulting in complete organ use and successful transplantation in their high-risk recipients. As one of the major lung transplant centers participating in the INSPIRE trial, the lung transplant team at Ronald Reagan UCLA medical center successfully performed the nation’s first “breathing lung” transplant in November, 2012. The INSPIRE trial has been conducted in leading lung transplant centers in Europe, the United States, Australia, and Canada. The interim results from the INSPIRE trial are suggesting significant improvement in post lung transplant clinical outcomes using the TransMedics OCS lung portable perfusion and ventilation system. In addition, other important clinical parameters such as in-hospital mortality, 6-month survival, rate of lung-related complications, time on mechanical ventilation and ICU stay may be better in the OCS group as compared to cold storage. With OCS, surgeons may accept suboptimal organs or those obtained from non-heart-beating donors through assessment of donor lung function at donor site, thus expending the donor pool without compromising patient outcome. The OCS lung enables surgeons to continuously monitor and assess the lung function and quality until transplantation. By doing so, it makes the recipient transplant team coordinate with the procure team easier, the timing of recipient incision more flexible. It allows two separate single lung transplantation that share lungs from one donor proceeding one after the other. OCS lung also allows surgeons to procure lungs over longer distance, leading to development of an international organ sharing system. We believe that this OCS lung technology has a potential of bringing human lung transplantation to a new cornerstone.
Separation of concerns in hypertext: articulation points that increase flexibility

The benefits of separating document structure from presentation have long been understood—e.g., the distinction between the SGML and DSSSL standards as well as the ODA standard's separation of layout and logical structure. More recently, the breadth of applications incorporating XML specifications have provided further evidence in the context of the World-Wide Web of the strength of the abstraction that this separation provides. The structure/presentation separation, focused on describing the characteristics of documents, usefully can be extended to encompass the additional characteristics of interactive hypertextual documents, such as the Web's—for example, specifying the hypertext's responses to the reader's actions remains outside of the scope of the structure/presentation representation. We have explored one such family of models in which the hypertext is modeled by an automaton structure rather than a graph structure. In this paper, I will discuss how these new articulation points have lead to investigations into novel and flexible hypertext/hypermedia system implementations.
Cache‐efficient renumbering for vectorization

A renumbering strategy for field solvers based on unstructured grids that avoids memory contention and minimizes cache-misses is described. Compared with usual colouring techniques, the new renumbering strategy reduces the spread in point-data access for edge-based solvers by more than an order of magnitude. The technique is particularly suited for multicore, cache-based machines that allow for vectorization or pipelining. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On Teaching the Translation of Hybrid African Literatures

The distinctive feature of Cameroonian Francophone literature is authors recourse to linguistic miscegenation as a narrative paradigm. Cameroonian fiction of French expression exists at an intersection of French as an imperial language and its regional variant on account of linguistic appropriation that often engenders a third codeCamfranglais. In an attempt to convey Cameroonian cultural specificities, worldviews, imagination and sensibilities in a European language, in our case French, Cameroonian fiction writers consciously deconstruct French in a bid to fabricate a new language. Recourse to Camfranglais as a mode of writing poses daunting challenges for literary translators. Jacques Derrida reminds us in Des Tours de Babel (1985) of one of the limits of theories of translation: all too often they treat the passing from one language to another and do not sufficiently consider the possibility for languages to be implicated more than two in a text. How is a text written in several codes to be translated? How is the effect of narrative plurality of source texts to be rendered? The dilemma is no easier to solve for practicing translators as seen in Reids translation of Nganangs nouveau roman, Temps de chien (2001). Nganangs purposeful lexical manipulation and code-switching constitute an effective medium for depicting the bilingual and bicultural matrices within which his story unfolds. Regrettably, source text linguistic plurality is often lost in the translation process. The foreignization of French in Temps de chien fulfills the communicative function of underscoring otherness; it also underlines the multiplicity of voices associated with different characters and settings in the novel. The end product of Nganangs linguistic hybridity is a stylistically rich text laden with a plethora of significations. The intent of this paper is to discuss the practicality of a pedagogical model that this author has conceived to facilitate the teaching of translation as it pertains to hybridized literary texts such as Temps de chien (2001), Moi taximan (2001) Je parle camerounais: pour un renouveau francofaune (2001), and Branle-bas en noir et blanc (1999).The model equips instructors of translation with the tools necessary to adopt a multi-pronged approach to the teaching of literary translation. For the purpose of this study, a corpus of four novels considered germane, has been selected.
A Free-Piston Engine Hydraulic Pump for an Automotive Propulsion System

A free-piston engine hydraulic pump (FPEHP) is considered as a power source in the propulsion system of an automotive vehicle. The propulsion system uses a two-stroke spark-ignited free-piston engine coupled to a hydraulic pump and an accumulator where high pressure hydraulic fluid is stored for transmission of power. The energy in the accumulator is transmitted to hydraulic motors which provide the tractive effort
A novel bipolar/MOS device on SOI wafers for analog BiCMOS applications

This work describes a novel bipolar transistor structure that can be fabricated on SOI wafers. The device combines a vertical base current flow path with a lateral collector flow path and is best suited to SOI layers in the thickness range from 0.2?m to 5?m.
Introduction: teen driving

"Preventing Teen Motor Crashes: Contributions from the Behavioral and Social Sciences" was a May 2006 workshop sponsored by the National Research Council's Transportation Research Board and the Institute of Medicine's Board on Children, Youth, and Families. The workshop was held to specifically understand: research and interventions, over the short and long runs, most likely to result in young driver safety improvement; behavioral science implications of young driver safety improvement through prevention, program, and policy interventions; and teen driver risk and protective factor descriptions in behavioral science. The workshop resulted in four young driver safety and adolescent development conclusions: the reasons adolescents drive and crash as they do can largely be explained through adolescent development research; sound adolescent development principles form the basis of graduated driver licensing (GDL) system; in the short run, the most effective young driver safety improvement strategy is GDL stengthening and improvement; and in the long run, additional research building on current adolescent development knowledge may provide young driver safety improvement intervention opportunities.
A review of “Multiscale Kinetic Modelling of Materials, R. Kozubski, G. E. Murch, P. Zieba (Eds.)”

This bound volume with soft cover contains only selected and refereed papers presented at the Symposium titled “Multiscale Kinetic Modeling of Materials” organized under the auspices of the 2006 Fa...
Quantifying and Reducing Posture-Dependent Distortion in Ballistocardiogram Measurements

Ballistocardiography is a noninvasive measurement of the mechanical movement of the body caused by cardiac ejection of blood. Recent studies have demonstrated that ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals can be measured using a modified home weighing scale and used to track changes in myocardial contractility and cardiac output. With this approach, the BCG can potentially be used both for preventive screening and for chronic disease management applications. However, for achieving high signal quality, subjects are required to stand still on the scale in an upright position for the measurement; the effects of intentional (for user comfort) or unintentional (due to user error) modifications in the position or posture of the subject during the measurement have not been investigated in the existing literature. In this study, we quantified the effects of different standing and seated postures on the measured BCG signals, and on the most salient BCG-derived features compared to reference standard measurements (e.g., impedance cardiography). We determined that the standing upright posture led to the least distorted signals as hypothesized, and that the correlation between BCG-derived timing interval features (R-J interval) and the preejection period, PEP (measured using ICG), decreased significantly with impaired posture or sitting position. We further implemented two novel approaches to improve the PEP estimates from other standing and sitting postures, using system identification and improved J-wave detection methods. These approaches can improve the usability of standing BCG measurements in unsupervised settings (i.e., the home), by improving the robustness to nonideal posture, as well as enabling high-quality seated BCG measurements.
Reasoning about Qualitative Spatial Relationships

In this paper, we consider various spatial relationships that are of general interest in pictorial database systems and other applications. We present a set of rules that allow us to deduce new relationships from a given set of relationships. A deductive mechanism using these rules can be used in query-processing systems that retrieve pictures by content. The given set of rules is shown to be i>sound; that is, the deductions are logically correct. The rules are also shown to be i>complete for three-dimensional systems; that is, every relationship that is implied by a given consistent set of relationships i>F is deducible from i>F using the given rules. In addition, we show that the given set of rules is incomplete for two-dimensional systems. We also present efficient algorithms for the deduction and reduction problems. The deduction problem consists of computing all the relationships deducible from a given set, while the reduction problem consists of computing a minimal subset of a given set of relationships that implies all the relationships in the given set.
Tunica-sparing ossified Peyronie's plaque excision.

Francois de la Peyronie described the disease which now bears his name (Peyronie’s disease, PD) in 1743. The penile curvature of PD results from a fibrous plaque affecting the tunica albuginea which distorts the normal contour of the corpora cavernosa during erection. Nesbit pioneered surgical correction of PD by advocating excision of an ellipse of tunica albuginea opposite the defect to straighten the penis.[1] Since then, other authors have described incision or excision of the plaque itself with patch graft repair of the tunica defect.[2-5] Tunica vaginalis, saphenous vein, cadaver pericardium, and porcine small intestinal submucosa have all been described for such repairs.[2-5] Such techniques require dissection of neurovascular bundles or corpus spongiosum and may result in alterations of penile sensation ranging from mild numbness to total loss of penile sensation. While cosmetic success rates range from 86-96%, 10-21% of patients do note alteration of penile sensation after such procedures.[6-8] In addition, no matter what the graft material was used, de novo erectile dysfunction has been reported after plaque incision/excision in a number of men from numerous series.[9-11] In a longer term follow up study, Kalsi et al reported an ED rate of 22.5% in men at least 5 years after venous grafting surgery.[12] Penile plication has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of penile curvature, allowing adequate cosmetic and functional outcomes. Avoidance of the neurovascular bundles diminishes the post-operative effect on erectile function and penile sensation.[13] However, in the case of large heterotopic penile ossification such plication techniques may be insufficient. The standard treatment for such lesions has been excision and grafting. We describe a novel technique of excision of the calcified portion only with simultaneous plication to correct the curvature. The initial patient in the series complained of constant penile pain, decreased penile sensation as well as the rock-hard penile plaque. Hoping to avoid further compromise in penile sensation and potency from tunical excision and grafting, we offered the patient subtunical excision of the ossified portion of the plaque with sparing of the tunica. The success of the index patient encouraged us to offer this procedure to subsequent patients who presented with ossified plaques with major concerns regarding postoperative erectile dysfunction and penile sensation loss.
Localization of the intracellular activity domain of Pasteurella multocida toxin to the N terminus

We have shown that Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) directly causes transient activation of Gqalpha protein that is coupled to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase Cbeta1 in Xenopus oocytes (B. A. Wilson, X. Zhu, M. Ho, and L. Lu, J. Biol. Chem. 272:1268-1275, 1997). We found that antibodies directed against an N-terminal peptide of PMT inhibited the toxin-induced response in Xenopus oocytes, but antibodies against a C-terminal peptide did not. To test whether the intracellular activity domain of PMT is localized to the N terminus, we conducted a deletion mutational analysis of the PMT protein, using the Xenopus oocyte system as a means of screening for toxin activity. Using PCR and conventional cloning techniques, we cloned from a toxinogenic strain of P. multocida the entire toxA gene, encoding the 1,285-amino-acid PMT protein, and expressed the recombinant toxin as a His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. We subsequently generated a series of N-terminal and C-terminal deletion mutants and expressed the His-tagged PMT fragments in E. coli. These proteins were screened for cytotoxic activity on cultured Vero cells and for intracellular activity in the Xenopus oocyte system. Only the full-length protein without the His tag exhibited activity on Vero cells. The full-length PMT and N-terminal fragments containing the first 500 residues elicited responses in oocytes, but the C-terminal 780 amino acid fragment did not. Our results confirm that the intracellular activity domain of PMT is localized to the N-terminal 500 amino acids of the protein and that the C terminus is required for entry into cells.
Heavy Metal, Religiosity, and Suicide Acceptability

There has been little work at the national level on the subject of musical subcultures and suicide acceptability. The present work explores the link between "heavy metal" rock fanship and suicide acceptability. Metal fanship is thought to elevate suicide acceptability through such means as exposure to a culture of personal and societal chaos marked by hopelessness, and through its associations with demographic risk factors such as gender, socioeconomic status, and education. Data are taken from the General Social Survey. A link between heavy metal fanship and suicide acceptability is found. However, this relationship becomes nonsignificant once level of religiosity is controlled. Metal fans are low in religiosity, which contributes, in turn, to greater suicide acceptability.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance in Aqueous Environment under Dynamic Loading of Lithium Disilicate Restorative Systems for Posterior Applications. Part 2

Purpose The goals of part 2 of the study presented here were 1) to assess whether there is a difference in failure mode of different thicknesses (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 mm) of anatomically standardized full contour monolithic lithium disilicate restorations for posterior teeth, and 2) to assess if there is a difference among various crown thicknesses when these restorations are subjected to dynamic load forces common for posterior teeth. Materials and Methods Four groups (n = 10), each with a different thickness of anatomically appropriate all-ceramic crowns, were to be tested as established from the statistical analysis of the preliminary phase. Group 1: 2.0 mm; group 2: 1.5 mm; group 3: 1.0 mm; group 4: 0.5 mm. The specimens were adhesively luted to the corresponding die, and underwent dynamic cyclic loading (380 to 390 N) completely submerged in an aqueous environment until a failure was noted by graphic recording and continuous monitoring. Results There was a statistically significant difference of the fatigue cycles to failure among four groups (p < 0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test). The mean number of cycles to fail for 2.0 mm specimens was 17 times more than the mean number of cycles to fail for 1.0 mm specimens and 1.5 times more than the mean number of cycles to fail for 1.5 mm specimens. The 0.5 mm specimens failed with one cycle of loading. A qualitative characteristic noted among the 2.0 mm specimens was wear of the area of indenter contact followed by shearing of the material and/or crack propagation. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it may be reasonable to consider a crown thickness of 1.5 mm or greater for clinical applications of milled monolithic lithium disilicate crowns for posterior single teeth.
Stream nitrate uptake and transient storage over a gradient of geomorphic complexity, north-central Colorado, USA

The understanding of nutrient uptake in streams is impeded by a limited understanding of how geomorphic setting and flow regime interact with biogeochemical processing. This study investigated these interactions as they relate to transient storage and nitrate uptake in small agricultural and urban streams. Sites were selected across a gradient of channel conditions and management modifications and included three 180-m long geomorphically distinct reaches on each of two streams in north-central Colorado. The agricultural stream has been subject to historically variable cattle-grazing practices, and the urban stream exhibits various levels of stabilisation and planform alteration. Reach-scale geomorphic complexity was characterised using highly detailed surveys of channel morphology, substrate, hydraulics and habitat units. Breakthrough-curve modelling of conservative bromide (Br−) and nonconservative nitrate (NO3−) tracer injections characterised transient storage and nitrate uptake along each reach. Longitudinal roughness and flow depth were positively associated with transient storage, which was related to nitrate uptake, thus underscoring the importance of geomorphic influences on stream biogeochemical processes. In addition, changes in geomorphic characteristics due to temporal discharge variation led to complex responses in nitrate uptake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OMEGA ICF experiments and preparation for direct drive ignition on NIF

Direct drive laser fusion ignition experiments rely on detailed understanding and control of irradiation uniformity, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and target fabrication. The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) is investigating various theoretical aspects of a direct drive National Ignition Facility (NIF) ignition target based on an `all-DT' design: a spherical target of ~3.4 mm diameter, with a 1-2 μm CH wall thickness and a DT ice layer of ~340 μm near the triple point of DT (~19 K). OMEGA experiments are designed to address the critical issues related to direct drive laser fusion and to provide the necessary data to validate the predictive capability of LLE computer codes. The cryogenic targets to be used on OMEGA are hydrodynamically equivalent to those planned for the NIF. The current experimental studies on OMEGA address the essential components of direct drive laser fusion: irradiation uniformity and laser imprinting, Rayleigh-Taylor growth and saturation, compressed core performance and shell-fuel mixing, laser-plasma interactions and their effect on target performance, and cryogenic target fabrication and handling.
Geometric idealizations in finite element computations

Commonly used geometric idealizations in finite element analyses introduce errors which require either a large number of degrees of freedom or the use of special procedures to correct. In this paper the effect of geometric idealizations on computed data is examined through the example of a spherical shell with an edge ring. This example demonstrates that in typical structural problems it is better to avoid the use of sharp reentrant corners than to compensate for them by mesh refinement. The effect of different mapping techniques is also examined.
Peanut price transmission asymmetry in peanut butter

Price transmission asymmetry for peanuts used in peanut butter was examined using monthly data from 1984 to 1992. Results show an incomplete price passthrough from the wholesale to the retail level. Furthermore, the results indicate that the initial price response of peanut butter price to a reduction in peanut prices occurs later than the response to an increase in peanut prices. The price transmission is asymmetric in the short-run but symmetric in the long-run. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peer educators responding to students with mental health issues

As more college students face severe mental health issues, peer educators need effective communication skills and knowledge of campus counseling services to properly make referrals while continuing the peer relationship. Emotional support must also be provided for the peer educators.
Natal philopatry in bannertailed kangaroo rats

I describe prolonged retention of offspring in natal home ranges, or natal philopatry, in the bannertailed kangaroo rat Dipodomys spectabilis. Though weaning occurs at about one month of age, offspring shared natal burrows with their mothers for three to seven months, and 39% of surviving offspring remained within natal home ranges through reproductive maturity. Males as well as females were philopatric. Data on the availability of burrows and on patterns of resettlement suggest that natal philopatry in this species may be a means of providing juveniles with access to essential resources, in this case food caches and large complex burrow systems, that are not readily available outside natal home ranges.
Nanophase and superfine cemented carbides processed by powder injection molding

Two commercial superfine and one innovative nanophase cemented carbide powders were used in this study. They cover straight and complex grades of cemented carbides. The nanophase cemented carbides are characterized by a combination of high hardness and strength. However, the nanophase cemented carbides do not have a favorable moldability. The as-received nanophase particles are agglomerated hollow balls. Therefore, milling was used on the as-received nanophase powder to form a particle suitable for injection molding. Even so, manufacture of nanophase cemented carbides via powder injection molding (PIM) is highly challenging. Several processing parameters affect the success, including powder moldability, binder chemistry, mixture homogeneity, molding parameters, debinding cycle, and sintering densification level. Binder-related factors were the focus of this study, including binder chemistry, binder-powder compatibility, feedstock preparation, molding conditions, and binder removal after molding.
Increase in the thyrotropic hormone content of blood after thyroidectomy as shown by parabiosis.

THIS study shows that a greater content of thyrotropic hormone in blood after thyroidectomy can be demonstrated by parabiosis of a thyroidectomized rat with an hypophysectomized partner. The crosstransfusion technique of parabiosis has been shown to be an excellent technique for demonstration of the reciprocal regulatory control between the pituitary and its target organs. The increase in follicle-stimulating hormone in the circulation following castration has been demonstrated by parabiosis of a normal female with a castrated partner (Matsuyama, 1921). The increased adrenocorticotropic hormone in the circulation following adrenalectomy has been demonstrated by uniting adrenalectomized rats with hypophysectomized partners (Jacobsohn, 1949, and Van Dyke, Simpson, Li and Evans, 1950). Several unsuccessful attempts have been made to demonstrate a high thyrotropic hormone content of blood after thyroidectomy by establishing a parabiotic union between thyroidectomized and normal rats (Zayko, Ikonen, 1934, Zeck...
Infraputaminal ‘Lacunes’: Clinical and Pathological Correlations

Background and Purpose Single, oval lesions greater than 5 mm in diameter lying inferior to the lateral putamen (infraputaminal lacunes [IPLs]) seen on CT or MR images are commonly reported as lacunar infarcts. To determine the clinical relevance and underlying pathology of IPLs, we evaluated the imaging appearances, clinical features, vascular risk factors, and histopathology in patients with IPLs. Methods Consecutive MR scans were reviewed for the presence of IPLs. Serial patients seen in routine clinical practice with IPLs were also included. Vascular risk factors were obtained from a prescan questionnaire. Histology and microangiography were performed on postmortem material. A MEDLINE search for putaminal infarcts was performed to look for imaging lesions typical of IPLs. Results Three of 100 serial MR scans had IPLs (3%). Nine other patients with in vivo (7) or postmortem (2) MR scans had IPLs. No neurological symptoms could be related to the IPLs. There were no differences in age, hypertension, diabetes, or presence of cortical enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs) between patients with and without IPLs. Unlike infarcts, IPLs were isointense with the cerebrospinal fluid on proton density MR sequences. Histological correlation of three MR scans showed IPLs to be a single large EPVS, situated lateral to the anterior commissure. IPLs were located at a point where multiple lenticulostriates turn sharply dorsally. An IPL was the probable cause of the apparent infarct in six publications from peer-reviewed literature that linked different clinical signs to putaminal infarct. Conclusions IPLs are EPVSs that can be differentiated from infarcts on proton density MR images.
P-type ATPases of eukaryotes and bacteria: Sequence analyses and construction of phylogenetic trees

The amino acid sequences of 47 P-type ATPases from several eukaryotic and bacterial kingdoms were divided into three structural segments based on individual hydropathy profiles. Each homologous segment was (1) multiply aligned and functionally evaluated, (2) statistically analyzed to determine the degrees of sequence similarity, and (3) used for the construction of parsimonious phylogenetic trees. The results show that all of the P-type ATPases analyzed comprise a single family with four major clusters correlating with their cation specificities and biological sources as follows: cluster 1: Ca2+-transporting ATPases; cluster 2: Na+- and gastric H+-ATPases; cluster 3: plasma membrane H+-translocating ATPases of plants, fungi, and lower eukaryotes; and cluster 4: all but one of the bacterial P-type ATPases (specific for K+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and an unknown cation). The one bacterial exception to this general pattern was the Mg2+-ATPase of Salmonella typhimurium, which clustered with the eukaryotic sequences. Although exceptions were noted, the similarities of the phylogenetic trees derived from the three segments analyzed led to the probability that the N-terminal segments 1 and the centrally localized segments 2 evolved from a single primordial ATPase which existed prior to the divergence of eukaryotes from prokaryotes. By contrast, the C-terminal segments 3 appear to be eukaryotic specific, are not found in similar form in any of the prokaryotic enzymes, and are not all demonstrably homologous among the eukaryotic enzymes. These C-terminal domains may therefore have either arisen after the divergence of eukaryotes from prokaryotes or exhibited more rapid sequence divergence than either segment 1 or 2, thus masking their common origin. The relative rates of evolutionary divergence for the three segments were determined to be segment 2 < segment 1 < segment 3. Correlative functional analyses of the most conserved regions of these ATPases, based on published site-specific mutagenesis data, provided preliminary evidence for their functional roles in the transport mechanism. Our studies define the structural and evolutionary relationships among the P-type ATPases. They should provide a guide for the design of future studies of structure-function relationships employing molecular genetic, biochemical, and biophysical techniques.
George Wells Beadle. 23 October 1903-9 June 1989

George Wells Beadle was born to Hattie Albro and Chauncey Elmer Beadle in Wahoo, Nebraska, on 22 October 1903. He died in Pomona, California, on 9 June 1989. Beadle was one of the giant figures of genetics in our time. He initiated the series of great discoveries made between 1941 and 1953 that brought to a close the era of classical genetics and launched the molecular age. For this achievement, he received many honours, including the Nobel Prize. Beadle also had a distinguished career as an academic administrator. When he retired in 1968, he was President of the University of Chicago. He never lost his love of experimental genetics, however, and after his retirement he resumed experimental work on a favourite subject: the origin of maize. In 1981, he gave up research because of increasing disability from the Alzheimer's disease that eventually ended his life.
Performance of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Accelerator System

The Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) facility has now been operating in a routine way for outside users since November 1, 1981. From that date through December of 1982, the accelerator system was scheduled for neutron science for 4500 hours. During this time the accelerator achieved its short-term goals by delivering about 380,000,000 pulses of beam totaling over 6 × 1020 protons. The changes in equipment and operating practices that evolved during this period of intense running are described. The intensity related instability threshold was increased by a factor of two and the accelerator beam current has been ion source limited. Plans to increase the accelerator intensity are also described. Initial operating results with a new H- ion source are discussed.
Harnessing the Power of GPUs to Speed Up Feature Selection for Outlier Detection

Acquiring a set of features that emphasize the differences between normal data points and outliers can drastically facilitate the task of identifying outliers. In our work, we present a novel non-parametric evaluation criterion for filter-based feature selection which has an eye towards the final goal of outlier detection. The proposed method seeks the subset of features that represent the inherent characteristics of the normal dataset while forcing outliers to stand out, making them more easily distinguished by outlier detection algorithms. Experimental results on real datasets show the advantage of our feature selection algorithm compared with popular and state-of-the-art methods. We also show that the proposed algorithm is able to overcome the small sample space problem and perform well on highly imbalanced datasets. Furthermore, due to the highly parallelizable nature of the feature selection, we implement the algorithm on a graphics processing unit (GPU) to gain significant speedup over the serial version. The benefits of the GPU implementation are two-fold, as its performance scales very well in terms of the number of features, as well as the number of data points.