cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binding mode and affinity studies of DNA-binding agents using topoisomerase I DNA unwinding assay.

Abstract A topoisomerase I DNA unwinding assay has been used to determine the relative DNA-binding affinities of a model pair of homologous naphthalene diimides. Binding affinity data were corroborated using calorimetric (ITC) and spectrophotometric (titration and Tm) studies, with substituent size playing a significant role in binding. The assay was also used to investigate the mode of binding adopted by several known DNA-binding agents, including SYBR Green and PicoGreen. Some of the compounds exhibited unexpected binding modes.
Extended depth of field of microscope objective for particle tracking

We developed a method of extending the depth of field of a microscope objective specifically used in an imaging system designed for small particle tracking. We extended the depth of field by inserting a quartic phase plate near the aperture stop plane of an objective. An optimum quartic phase plate was designed for a conventional 100X/0.8 microscope objective, and the simulation results predicated that the depth of field of the new objective could be increased more than twofold in comparison with an objective having no such phase plate.
Narcissism and Hostility

The recent work of Hart and Joubert (1996) who reported correlations between scores on narcissism and hostility is commented upon with respect to expressions of hostility in narcissistic persons. Characteristics of the narcissistic personality observed in psychotherapy are noted, and suggestions are made regarding Hart and Joubert's call for research comparing the personality dimensions of hostile and nonhostile narcissistic persons.
Developing Help-Seeking Strategies for Pakistani Clients with Depressive Symptoms

A survey of 76 Pakistanis in the United States found a 26.3 percent prevalence rate of having self-reported depressive symptoms as measured by HSCL-25. The respondents with depressive symptoms preferred to visit physicians or talk with friends for dealing with mental health issues. Visiting the physician was significantly related to having depressive symptoms. Logistic regression found four significant factors contributing to depression among these Pakistanis: concerns on public financial assistance, loss of income, physicians as mental health consultants, and family/relationship concerns. This study implies that professionals must examine help-seeking strategies with evidence-based practice data to develop culturally relevant services for Asian immigrants.
Comparative uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows, amphipods and oligochaete worms from water and sediment

Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), the worm Lumbriculus variegatus and the amphipod Hyalella azteca were exposed in static tests to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in water with and without HCB‒spiked sediment to evaluate the relative importance of water and sediment as routes of uptake. The concentration of HCB in water was maintained by passing air saturated with HCB vapor through the test vessels. The presence of HCB‒spiked sediment did not result in a significant increase in bioconcentration factor in two tests with H. azteca. The presence of HCB‒spiked sediment did significantly increase the bioconcentration factor in two tests with fathead minnows and in one of three tests with L. variegatus. The gas phase transfer method was efficient at maintaining a reasonably constant concentration of HCB in water. However, complete control of the aqueous phase activity of HCB through gas phase transfer was not achieved because of the source/sink capacity of the sediment, organisms and food.
The behavioral and social sciences

In the social sciences, as in other sciences, progress is often placed by advances in observational techniques and instruments. This article reviews some of the recent technical progress in the social sciences ans then discusses three substantive frontier areas that are particularly exciting at present: evolutionary theory, especially in relation to sociobiology, the theory of human rational choice, and the newly christened discipline of cognitive science. All three claim to provide explanations for broad areas of human behavior.
Corrigendum to “Lipopolysaccharide alters the blood–brain barrier transport of amyloid b protein: A mechanism for inflammation in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease” [Brain Behav. Immun. 23 (2009) 507–517]

Corrigendum to ‘‘Lipopolysaccharide alters the blood–brain barrier transport of amyloid b protein: A mechanism for inflammation in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease’’ [Brain Behav. Immun. 23 (2009) 507–517] Laura B. Jaeger , Shinya Dohgu , Rukhsana Sultana , Jessica L. Lynch , Joshua B. Owen , Michelle A. Erickson , Gul N. Shah , Tulin O. Price , Melissa A. Fleegal-Demotta , D. Allan Butterfield , William A. Banks a,b,c,⇑
Interferon (IFNγ) induces cell cycle arrest in RCC cell lines

We have recently demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effect of interferon (IFNγ) in RCC is due to an increased production of nitric oxide (NO) which in turn inhibits the induction of arginase (ARG2). The growth of cultured murine RCC cell lines was inhibited in 85% in IFNγ treated when compared to un-treated cells. In contrast only 33% of these cells were inhibited by IFNγ. These results indicate that even though IFNγ show a more potent anti-proliferative effect, still there is a certain degree of treatment- resistance (15%) that is higher when cells are treated with IFNγ. This study was undertaken to study the mechanisms by which IFNγ inhibits RCC growth and to provide new insights in understanding how this cytokine alone or in combination with other therapies could benefit RCC clinical outcome. Cell survival, cell cycle arrest-apoptosis and cell signaling targets were identified by MTT assay, flow cytometry and immunoblotting respectively in RCC cell lines CL-2 (low-ARG/low-iNOS), CL-19 (high-ARG/low iNOS) and Renca (med-ARG/zero-iNOS). The results showed that 1-100 U/ml IFNγ suppressed proliferation of both CL-2 and CL-19 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IFNγ inhibited the growth of CL 2 and CL 19 tumor cells with IC50-values of 10.2 ± 1.5 U/ml and 13.5 ± 1.0 U/ml, respectively. There was no inhibition of growth in the Renca cell line. The results on cell cycle progression have shown that the anti-proliferative effect of IFNγ is associated with a G2/M cell cycle arrest of CL-2 and CL-19 cells. The event of cell cycle arrest was associated with a marked decline in protein levels of G2/M regulatory proteins cyclin B1, cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1/cdc2), whereas an up-regulation in CDC25c was observed. Elimination of IFNγ resulted in increased tumor growth that was contained with the sustained addiction of the cytokine. No apoptosis was observed. Our study demonstrated that IFNγ suppress the growth of murine RCC cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest at G2/GM through the down-regulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin C. These findings suggest that IFNγ acts as an effective anti-proliferative agent by modulating cell growth regulators in renal carcinoma cells and can be used as a election treatment to inhibit tumor proliferation in patients scheduled for surgery.
Knowledge Acquisition for Image Understanding Research

Use of knowledge has facilitated complex problem solving in many areas of research. However, in the image understanding area, we do not have any systematic treatment and codification of knowledge that is useful in image perception. Further, we do not even have adequate tools for acquiring the necessary knowledge base. In this paper we present an experimental paradigm for knowledge acquisition, discuss an analysis technique, and illustrate the different types of knowledge that seem to be useful in image understanding research. Three major respects of knowledge are presented: primitive feature extraction operators, rewriting rules, and flow of control. A limited number of feature extraction operators were repeatedly used by the subjects to specify location, size, shape, quantity, color, texture, and patterns , of various components found in scenes. Six types of rewriting rules were identified; assertions, negative assertions, context-free, conditional, generative, and analytical inferences . Flow of control exhibited characteristics of an hypothesize and test paradigm capable of using imprecise, conflicting hypotheses in cooperation with others in a multidimensional problem space.
A 1 PB/s file system to checkpoint three million MPI tasks

With the massive scale of high-performance computing systems, long-running scientific parallel applications periodically save the state of their execution to files called checkpoints to recover from system failures. Checkpoints are stored on external parallel file systems, but limited bandwidth makes this a time-consuming operation. Multilevel checkpointing systems, like the Scalable Checkpoint/Restart (SCR) library, alleviate this bottleneck by caching checkpoints in storage located close to the compute nodes. However, most large scale systems do not provide file storage on compute nodes, preventing the use of SCR. We have implemented a novel user-space file system that stores data in main memory and transparently spills over to other storage, like local flash memory or the parallel file system, as needed. This technique extends the reach of libraries like SCR to systems where they otherwise could not be used. Furthermore, we expose file contents for Remote Direct Memory Access, allowing external tools to copy checkpoints to the parallel file system in the background with reduced CPU interruption. Our file system scales linearly with node count and delivers a 1~PB/s throughput at three million MPI processes, which is 20x faster than the system RAM disk and 1000x faster than the parallel file system.
Pitfalls in Assuming a “Rate-Limiting Step” in a Mechanism

An anomaly in the article “The Effect of Temperature on the Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction: Insights from Thermodynamics” (DOI: 10.1021/ed800088n) is discussed.
Factors affecting bicarbonate excretion in the urinary bladder of Bufo marinus

Abstract 1. 1. In bladder sac preparations HCO 3 − excretion is matched by Cl − reabsorption. 2. 2. Excretion of HCO − 3 by the urinary bladders from alkalotic toads is: a. decreased by Cl − -free media on both sides of the bladder; b. dependent on [HCO − 3 ] of the serosal media; c. decreased by increasing p co 2 in the serosal media; d. decreased by 2 × 10 −4 acetazolamide; and, e. not affected by 10 −4 ouabain.
Striped spin liquid crystal ground state instability of kagome antiferromagnets.

The Dirac spin liquid ground state of the spin 1/2 Heisenberg kagome antiferromagnet has potential instabilities. This has been suggested as the reason why it does not emerge as the ground state in large-scale numerical calculations. However, previous attempts to observe these instabilities have failed. We report on the discovery of a projected BCS state with lower energy than the projected Dirac spin liquid state which provides new insight into the stability of the ground state of the kagome antiferromagnet. The new state has three remarkable features. First, it breaks spatial symmetry in an unusual way that may leave spinons deconfined along one direction. Second, it breaks the U(1) gauge symmetry down to Z_2. Third, it has the spatial symmetry of a previously proposed “monopole” suggesting that it is an instability of the Dirac spin liquid. The state described herein also shares a remarkable similarity to the distortion of the kagome lattice observed at low Zn concentrations in Zn-paratacamite and in recently grown single crystals of volborthite suggesting it may already be realized in these materials.
Chromium and molybdenum carbonyls on NaX zeolite: 13C and 17O NMR

Abstract Chemical shift anisotropy powder patterns for 13C and 17O resonances from chromium and molybdenum subcarbonyls in NaX zeolites have been observed as a function of temperature. The surface subcarbonyls formed at 393 K have room temperature NMR powder patterns for both 13C and 17O nuclei which are narrower than expected for static carbonyls. The spectra are consistent with rapidly exchanging carbonyl ligands on a metal tricarbonyl with a C—metal—C angle of about 75°. Above 400 K, the resonances significantly narrow and indicate isotropic motion for the tricarbonyl complex. This isotropic motion has an activation energy of about 30 kJ mol−1.
High-brightness multilaser source

This paper discusses a high-brightness multi-laser source developed at Polaroid for such applications as coupling light to fibers, pumping fiber lasers, pumping solid state lasers, material processing, and medical procedures. The power and brightness are obtained by imaging the nearfields of up to eight separate multi-mode lasers side by side on a multi-faceted mirror that makes the beams parallel. The lasers are microlensed to equalize the divergences in the two principal meridians. Each laser is aligned in a field- replaceable illuminator module whose output beam, focused at infinity, is bore-sighted in a mechanical cylinder. The illuminators are arranged roughly radially and the nearfields are reimaged on the mirror, which is produced by diamond machining. The array of nearfields is linearly polarized. A customizable afocal relay forms a telecentric image of the juxtaposed nearfields, as required by the application. The lasers can be of differing powers and wavelengths, and they can be independently switched. Light from other sources can be combined. The output can be utilized in free space or it can be coupled into a fiber for transport or a fiber laser for pumping. A linearly polarized free space output can be obtained, which allows two units to be polarization combined to double the power and brightness.
Staying in Shape

Advanced sensor technologies can help keep aging transmission and distribution systems in good condition. Electricity is the lifeblood of our economy, as it provides comfort and makes possible most of our recreational activities. In addition to the unwavering expectation of making electricity available at any time, we recognize the technical and economic challenges for meeting this expectation as the electric grid is operated closer to its physical limits and major power-delivery components reach the end of their expected lifetimes.
Interaction of antitumor drugs with human erythrocyte ghost membranes and mastocytoma P815: a spin label study.

Abstract The cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of antitumor drugs such as adriamycin, acridines, diacridine, actinomycin D and Pt compounds are related to their interaction with nucleic acids and inhibition of protein synthesis. We have examined their interaction with human erythrocyte ghost membranes and murine mastocytoma cells using spin labeling techniques. These drugs induce changes in electron spin resonance of the spin labeled ghost membranes and in the mastocytoma cells. These alterations suggest that these drugs induce changes in protein conformation of the membranes. The membrane binding properties of these drugs may be important in their mechanism of action.
On latent process models in multi-dimensional space

Abstract Latent process models have been widely applied to time series and spatial data which involve complex correlation structures. However, the existing approaches assume a known distributional property of the observations given the latent process. Furthermore, there seems to be no literature treating the asymptotic properties of the latent process model in general multi-dimensional space (with dimension bigger than 2). In this paper, we propose to estimate the unknown model parameters of the latent process model in multi-dimensional space by an M-estimation approach, and derive the asymptotic normality, together with the explicit limiting variance matrix, for the estimates. The proposed method is of a distribution-free feature. Applications in three concrete situations are demonstrated.
Cross-species amplification of Lolium microsatellites in Poa ssp

Cross-species amplification of 47 Lolium ssp. microsatellite primers were evaluated across eight Poa species or subspecies. Of the 47 evaluated Lolium simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs examined, 18 generated one or more amplification products. Of these, only two resulted in the identification of Poa ssp. microsatellite motifs, of which only one was complementary to the microsatellite motif identified in Lolium. Though few Poa ssp. microsatellite regions were identified, several of the amplification products were polymorphic within and across the Poa ssp. and could be utilized as markers in Poa ssp. intergeneric hybrid studies. Results of the research suggest the use of Lolium microsatellite derived primers to identify complementary SSR regions in Poa is not an effective approach for the development of microsatellite markers in Poa.
Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

Abstract The controversy over the use of imipramine and other tricyclics in the treatment of attention deficit disorder (ADD), is examined, and all available literature is critically reviewed. Although both stimulants and antidepressants ameliorate ADD symptoms, the bulk of the literature suggests that overall, stimulants are superior to imipramine in the treatment of ADD. There may, however, be a subgroup of children with ADD who respond better to imipramine, and this group may be one characterized by higher levels of anxiety or depression or both.
Prospecting for water with geophysical methods

Prospecting for water is one of the most difficult problems of practical geophysics. It requires exceptional geologic ability on the part of the geophysicist, more than other applications of his science. Progress in this problem has been slow; from the commercial point of view, it is not particularly attractive; costs of geophysical water-prospecting frequently exceed those of surface geological surveys and approach expenses for drilling, particularly in small projects. In the ideal case, the geophysicist's task should be threefold: (1) Location of water; (2) determination of salinity ; and (3) estimation of yield . With the present status of technique the geophysicist can rarely hope to predict yields unless he is working very close to wells reaching formations with known yields. In regard to determinations of salinity, approximate calculations can be made when working away from wells with water of known salinity, with electrical resistivity- methods. Excepting mineral and medicinal springs, water may be used for cattle with a salt content up to 0.7 per cent, while for drinking and culinary purposes the highest permissible [see 1 of references at end of paper] is 0.25 per cent. As the resistivity of the latter is around 180 ohm-cm [2] and that of the former about 65 ohm-cm, the resistivity of formations to be avoided on account of too low resistivities can be calculated. Assuming spherical grains in cubic arrangement, the resistivity px of a sand with the pore volume of “v” per cent may be obtained from the resistivity p of the water filling the pores: px = 3 p/v [2] so that for a porosity of 40 per cent a formation with a resistivity of lower than 1350 ohm-cm must be avoided when water is to be used for human needs, while for purposes of irrigation and watering stock, formations with resistivities down to 500 ohm-cm are tolerable.
Thermodynamic characterization of the cooperativity of 40S complex formation during the initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis.

The first step in mammalian protein synthesis is the formation of the 40S initiation complex, composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit (R), mRNA (M, here, a 10-mer oligoribonucleotide analogue containing the initiation codon), and the quaternary complex (Q, composed of eIF-2, GTP, Met-tRNA(fMet), and the ancillary protein factor Co-eIF-2C). The interdependence of the binding of R, M, and Q in forming the 40S complex is currently unclear. We have determined the thermodynamic parameters that characterize these interactions. The binary constants for R+M and Q+M were determined spectroscopically, measuring changes in the anisotropy of the fluorescence emission of 3'-fluorescein labeled M. The other binary constant, for Q+R, and the ternary constant were determined from Millipore filtration assays using radiolabeled Met-tRNA(fMet). The association constants for the binary reactions were as follows: Ka(Q,M) 62]. High cooperativity for this interaction occurs in either a single-site model or in lattice models for the binding of M to R. Data obtained using five other RNA 10-mers, each with the sequence altered at the AUG codon, suggest that this cooperativity is AUG dependent. The data are consistent with a scheme in which mRNA and Q bind independently to the 40S ribosome, but when the AUG codon is properly aligned with Q, a conformational change results in a 2.4 kcal/mol stabilization of the complex.
Cross-coupling between accommodation and convergence is optimized for a broad range of directions and distances of gaze

Accommodation and convergence systems are cross-coupled so that stimulation of one system produces responses by both systems. Ideally, the cross-coupled responses of accommodation and convergence match their respective stimuli. When expressed in diopters and meter angles, respectively, stimuli for accommodation and convergence are equal in the mid-sagittal plane when viewed with symmetrical convergence, where historically, the gains of the cross coupling (AC/A and CA/C ratios) have been quantified. However, targets at non-zero azimuth angles, when viewed with asymmetric convergence, present unequal stimuli for accommodation and convergence. Are the cross-links between the two systems calibrated to compensate for stimulus mismatches that increase with gaze-azimuth? We measured the response AC/A and stimulus CA/C ratios at zero azimuth, 17.5 and 30 deg of rightward gaze eccentricities with a Badal Optometer and Wheatstone-mirror haploscope. AC/A ratios were measured under open-loop convergence conditions along the iso-accommodation circle (locus of points that stimulate approximately equal amounts of accommodation to the two eyes at all azimuth angles). CA/C ratios were measured under open-loop accommodation conditions along the iso-vergence circle (locus of points that stimulate constant convergence at all azimuth angles). Our results show that the gain of accommodative-convergence (AC/A ratio) decreased and the bias of convergence-accommodation increased at the 30 deg gaze eccentricity. These changes are in directions that compensate for stimulus mismatches caused by spatial-viewing geometry during asymmetric convergence.
NetLogo: teaching with turtles and crossing curricular boundaries (abstract only)

This workshop, intended for CS educators from middle school through undergrad, will introduce participants to NetLogo. NetLogo is an easy-to-learn multi-agent language and integrated modeling environment in widespread use in classrooms (and research labs) globally. This hands-on tutorial will highlight computational modeling in the natural and social sciences, tie in core computer science concepts, and discuss how to promote student thinking about decentralized systems. The workshop will draw on the presenters' own experiences teaching courses on computational science, computational art, theory of computation, and educational outreach events. Participants will learn first-hand how NetLogo can enrich a variety of computing courses. NetLogo runs on Mac/Linux/Windows. Laptop required.
Approaches to cancer therapy using biological response modifiers.

A biological response modifier (BRM) is an agent or approach that modifies the host’s response to the tumor, which results in a therapeutic effect. In this article, the roles of various BRMs (bacterial agents, interferon and interferon inducers, immunoregulatory synthetic peptides, and tumor-cell vaccines, for example) in cancer therapy are discussed.
Calculation of Excavation Force for ISRU on Lunar Surface

Accurately predicting the excavation force that will be encountered by digging tools on the lunar surface is a crucial element of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Based on principles of soil mechanics, this paper develops an analytical model that is relatively simple to apply and uses soil parameters that can be determined by traditional soil strength tests. The influence of important parameters on the excavation force is investigated. The results are compared with that predicted by other available theories. Results of preliminary soil tests on lunar stimulant are also reported.
Improved Repair of Concrete Structures Using Polymer Concrete Patch and FRP Overlay

Concrete structures that are damaged due to cracking and spalling, associated with corrosion of reinforcing bars, are often repaired using shallow depth surface patches. Cracking and full or partial delamination of the patch repairs due to shrinkage and continued corrosion is generally unavoidable. The repair typically lasts only for a few years in corrosive environments associated with coastal regions or the use of deicing salts. To provide more durable patch repairs, the use of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) fabric applied as an overlay on top of a traditional polymer concrete patching material was investigated. The FRP overlay can serve as a secondary reinforcement and act as a barrier against the diffusion of moisture and chloride ions, thereby improving the performance of the patch by reducing cracking and slowing down the corrosion process. Two-dimensional finite-element analysis was used to select a suitable FRP material and configuration for the overlay. The effectiveness of the proposed improved repair method was assessed using accelerated corrosion testing of rectangular concrete prism specimens with a polymer concrete patch and an FRP overlay. Reinforcement mass loss and expansive strains in concrete due to corrosion were measured on specimens with and without the FRP overlay. The measurements indicated reductions in concrete strains, crack propagation, and corrosion level when the FRP overlay was used. Three-dimensional finite-element analysis was conducted to understand the influence of using an FRP overlay on the concrete stress distribution and the arrest of cracking.
Role of glutathione in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis

Abstract The effect of in vivo variation of hepatic glutathione (using diethyl maleate and L-cysteine) on in vitro cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity in glutathione-depleted rats (ca. 10% of control glutathione) was significantly reduced compared to that in vehicle-injected controls. While L-cysteine treatment of glutathione-depleted animals increased glutathione levels somewhat (ca. 20% of control glutathione), they were still significantly less than control levels. Similarly, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity in the partially glutathione replete animals was approximately 50% greater than that in the glutathione-depleted animals, but still significantly less than that in the controls. The rate of 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol was found to be dependent on liver glutathione content. The calculated maximal rate was 34.4 picomoles/mg/min with a half maximal activity at 1.89 μmoles glutathione/gm liver. These results suggest that hepatic glutathione may be an important modulator of in vivo activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase.
More controlling child-feeding practices are found among parents of boys with an average body mass index compared with parents of boys with a high body mass index.

Abstract Objective To determine if differences existed in mothers' and fathers' perceptions of their sons' weight, controlling child-feeding practices (ie, restriction, monitoring, and pressure to eat), and parenting styles (ie, authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) by their sons' body mass index (BMI). Design One person (L.S.B.) interviewed mothers and boys using validated questionnaires and measured boys' weight and height; fathers completed questionnaires independently. Subjects/Setting Subjects were white, preadolescent boys and their parents. Boys were grouped by their BMI into an average BMI group (n=25; BMI percentile between 33rd and 68th) and a high BMI group (n=24; BMI percentile ≥85th). Statistical Analyses Performed Multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance. Results Mothers and fathers of boys with a high BMI saw their sons as more overweight (mothers P =.03, fathers P =.01), were more concerned about their sons' weight ( P P =.004), and used pressure to eat with their sons less often than mothers and fathers of boys with an average BMI ( P P P =.006). No differences were found in parenting by boys' BMI groups for either mothers or fathers. Conclusions More controlling child-feeding practices were found among mothers (pressure to eat) and fathers (pressure to eat and monitoring) of boys with an average BMI compared with parents of boys with a high BMI. A better understanding of the relationships between feeding practices and boys' weight is necessary. However, longitudinal research is needed to provide evidence of causal association.
Surface disinfection of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus) eggs leading to bacteria-free larvae

Intensive egg incubation techniques provide favorable conditions for microbial proliferation, which often leads to massive mortalities of fish larvae. Vertical transmission of microbes from parents to offsprings can be eliminated by disinfecting the eggs before hatching. The effects of exposure of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus Linnaeus) eggs to different disinfectants on 24-h larval survival were evaluated following a toxicological approach, involving the determination of the “No Observable Effect Concentration” (NOEC) for each germicide. The NOECs of the different disinfectants were evaluated at different stages of egg development. The early tail-free stage of development was the most resistant to all germicides. Successful disinfection of eggs was achieved after a 5-min exposure to hydrogen peroxide at 3% concentration, leading to bacteria-free larvae. No adverse long-term effects on either larval survival or growth resulted from the egg disinfection treatment. Other marine fish species tested, yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus Cuvier), were more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than red drum, so the lexicological approach used to select the disinfection treatment for red drum should be undertaken for each target species.
j-MOS: A versatile power field-effect transistor

A novel field-effect transistor (FET) structure that is attractive for power control applications is proposed and demonstrated. It combines MOSFET structural features and junction FET function in a simple, self-aligned structure that we refer to as j-MOS. Lateral j-MOS transistors were fabricated in silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) with on-resistance as low as 2.5 Ω in 1 cm of channel width. From this result, we project that a vertical version of j-MOS can be fabricated in silicon-on-buried insulator (SOI) with a specific on-resistance ≤ 1 m Ω.cm2, approximately a factor of two improvement over current power FET technology.
FINANCING COMMUNITY COLLEGES: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF 11 STATES

This study examined the financing patterns of 212 community colleges in 11 midwestern states during the decade of the 1990s using the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Support from state appropriations declined between 1990 and 2000, and reliance on tuition and fees increased between 1990 and 1995, although both trends were weak effects. The states differed significantly in their reliance on 10 of 12 current funding revenue sources. Despite numerous calls for increased fund-raising, revenues from gifts, grants, and endowments have contributed little to enhance revenue at the institutions studied.
Re)examining whiteness in sport psychology through autonarrative excavation

Abstract After an introductory of the recent work in whiteness studies, in this paper, I revisit the issue of whiteness in sport psychology and critique my earlier, overly optimistic, assessment of future confrontations with white racial identity and privilege in the field. In addition to theoretical and empirical work in critical race studies and whiteness studies and its application to sport contexts, I draw from the recent work within and outside of sport psychology on autoethnography and present several brief autoethnographic vignettes that illustrate moments of tension in my own negotiation of issues related to whiteness and privilege as an early career academic teaching and doing research in sport psychology and sport sociology. Following the work of Smith and Sparkes (2009), I attempt to write in varying styles and voices to engage the reader on multiple levels. I conclude with an attempt to tie these narratives to larger issues of pedagogy and possibilities as they relate to an active, progressive...
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of polyamines using deuterated analogs as internal standards

Quantitative analyses of subnanomole quantities of the polyamines putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique of selected ion monitoring are complicated by effects of the chromatographic column. These effects include sample retention by the column and chromatographic band broadening, and are sufficiently serious that spermine (as the trifluoroacetylated derivative) was not detectable at levels below 50 picomoles. Because the chromatographic behaviors of the four polyamines vary, quantiative analysis using a single internal standard is not feasible. The deuterated polyamine analogs, putrescine-2H4, cadaverine-2H4, spermidine-2H6 and spermine-2H8, have been synthesized and used to accomplish quantiative analyses of the corresponding isotopically natural abundance polyamines to the one picomole level. This enhancement in analytical sensitivity is accomplished by use of large excesses (greater than or equal to 100 picomoles) of the deuterated analogs to improve chromatographic band profiles. The use of such large molar excesses of deuterated analogs for selected ion monitoring analyses is possible because their electron impact spectra exhibit high mass ions ([M-F3C]+, [M-F3CCO]+) which possess greater than or equal to 4 deuterium atoms and have intensity ratios (I2H(max):IH) of 500 or greater.
Generalized Jones-Mueller polarization calculus

The Jones calculus and the Stokes-Mueller calculus are generalized to describe changes not only in the state of polariztion but also of the state of coherence of electromagnetic beams passing through linear devices.
Inheritance of glume color and gluten strength in durum wheat

The correlation between glume color and gluten strength and the heritability of each trait was estimated in two durum wheat crosses. Brown glume color appeared to be dominant to white in both crosses. In one cross, glume color was clearly controlled by one gene while in the other cross it appeared to be controlled by one or two genes with modifiers. The heritability of gluten strength was moderately high. The correlation of F2 glume color and F3 gluten strength was high (r=0.66 and 0.78) indicating that F2 glume color was a good predictor of gluten strength in the F3 generation. Selection for glume color appears to be an effective breeding strategy for improving gluten strength in those environments where glume color differences are easily detected.
Experimental and computational investigation of vertical downflow condensation

Abstract This explores downflow condensation in a circular tube both experimentally and computationally using FC-72 as a working fluid. A highly instrumented condensation module is used to map detailed axial variations of both wall heat flux and wall temperature, which are used to determine axial variations of the condensation heat transfer coefficient. The experimental results are compared to predictions of a two-dimensional axisymmetric computational model using FLUENT. The study provides detailed construction of the model, including choice of interfacial phase change sub-model, numerical methods, and convergence criteria. The model is shown to yield good prediction of the heat transfer coefficient. The computed temperature profiles exhibit unusual shape, with steep gradient near the annular liquid film interface as well as near the wall, and a mild gradient in between. This shape is shown to be closely related to the shape of the eddy diffusivity profile. These findings point to the need for future, more sophisticated measurements of liquid film thickness, and both velocity and temperature profiles, to both validate and refine two-phase computational models.
Probing the Role of Nascent Helicity in p27 Function as a Cell Cycle Regulator

p27 regulates the activity of Cdk complexes which are the principal governors of phase transitions during cell division. Members of the p27 family of proteins, which also includes p21 and p57, are called the Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase regulators (CKRs). Interestingly, the Cip/Kip CKRs play critical roles in cell cycle regulation by being intrinsically unstructured, a characteristic contrary to the classical structure-function paradigm. They exhibit nascent helicity which has been localized to a segment referred to as sub-domain LH. The nascent helicity of this sub-domain is conserved and we hypothesize that it is an important determinant of their functional properties. To test this hypothesis, we successfully designed and prepared p27 variants in which domain LH was either more or less helical with respect to the wild-type protein. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that the ternary complexes of the p27 variants bound to Cdk2/Cyclin A were less stable compared to the wild-type complex. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments showed a decrease in the enthalpy of binding for all the mutants with respect to p27. The free energies of binding varied within a much narrower range. In vitro Cdk2 inhibition assays showed that the p27 variants exhibited disparate inhibitory potencies. Furthermore, when over-expressed in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, the less helical p27 variants were less effective in causing cell cycle arrest relative to the wild-type p27. Our results indicate that the nascent helicity of sub-domain LH plays a key role mediating the biological function of p27.
The reduction of stress concentration around the hole in an isotropic plate using composite materials

Abstract The stress distribution around a hole in a finite isotropic plate reinforced by composite material has been calculated using a finite element analysis. The results agreed very closely with experimental investigations. With the present reinforcement technique, the stress concentration factor of 2.72 for a finite plate near a hole reduces to the factor of one. The theoretical and experimental results have shown that the present reinforced around hoop-wound carbon fiber disc provides an efficient reinforcement around circular holes. This technique could be very useful in reducing the stress concentration factor of orthotopic plates of composite materials. The technique may be found to be particularly useful in composite laminate plates in which they could be incorporated during manufacturing process.
Model for energetics of solids based on the density matrix.

We propose a model for energetics of solids, based on a direct solution for the density matrix directly from the Hamiltonian. The approach is suitable for obtaining an approximate, finite-ranged density matrix in a basis of localized orbitals. This scheme scales linearly with the size of the system, and should represent an improvement over the much-used embedded-atom, cluster-functional, and bond-order potentials.
Prospects for high-performance thermophotovoltaic conversion efficiencies exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit

Abstract Thermophotovoltaics convert heat into electricity via thermal radiation. The efficiency of this process depends critically on the selective emitter, which can be controlled by both the choice of the material and the emitter design. We find that surveying the set of refractory and near-refractory metals yields four primary candidates: tungsten, chromium, tantalum, and molybdenum. We developed a simulation tool known as TPVtest to consider the performance of each of these candidates. Tungsten yields the highest efficiencies at 35.20% at a temperature of 1573 K. However, molybdenum comes very close to this performance at 35.12% at the same temperature. Additionally, it presents the highest efficiency of 26.15% at the same temperature for a bandgap of 1.1 eV, as found in crystalline silicon. Furthermore, it may be possible to achieve improvements beyond the efficiencies quoted here by employing composite materials and advanced photovoltaic design concepts.
Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene-Ablation Exacerbates Weight Gain in High-Fat Fed Female Mice

Loss of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) decreases long chain fatty acid uptake and oxidation in primary hepatocytes and in vivo. On this basis, L-FABP gene ablation would potentiate high-fat diet-induced weight gain and weight gain/energy intake. While this was indeed the case when L-FABP null (-/-) mice on the C57BL/6NCr background were pair-fed a high-fat diet, whether this would also be observed under high-fat diet fed ad libitum was not known. Therefore, this possibility was examined in female L-FABP (-/-) mice on the same background. L-FABP (-/-) mice consumed equal amounts of defined high-fat or isocaloric control diets fed ad libitum. However, on the ad libitum-fed high-fat diet the L-FABP (-/-) mice exhibited: (1) decreased hepatic long chain fatty acid (LCFA) β-oxidation as indicated by lower serum β-hydroxybutyrate level; (2) decreased hepatic protein levels of key enzymes mitochondrial (rate limiting carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase A1, CPT1A; HMG-CoA synthase) and peroxisomal (acyl CoA oxidase 1, ACOX1) LCFA β-oxidation; (3) increased fat tissue mass (FTM) and FTM/energy intake to the greatest extent; and (4) exacerbated body weight gain, weight gain/energy intake, liver weight, and liver weight/body weight to the greatest extent. Taken together, these findings showed that L-FABP gene-ablation exacerbated diet-induced weight gain and fat tissue mass gain in mice fed high-fat diet ad libitum--consistent with the known biochemistry and cell biology of L-FABP.
The role of opportunism in the software design reuse process

Software design involves translating a set of task requirements into a structured description of a computer program that will perform the task. A software designer can use design schema, collaborative design knowledge, or can reuse design artifacts. Very little has been done to include reuse of design artifacts in the software development life cycle, despite tremendous promises of reuse. As a result, this technique has not seen widespread use, possibly due to a lack of cognitive understanding of the reuse process. This research explores the role of a specific cognitive aspect, opportunism, in demand-side software reuse. We propose a cognitive model based on opportunism that describes the software design process with reuse. Protocol analysis verifies that the software design with reuse is indeed opportunistic and reveals that some software designers employ certain tasks of the reuse process frequently. Based on these findings, we propose a reuse support system that incorporates blackboard technology and existing reuse library management system.
ASRSM: A Sequential Experimental Design for Response Surface Optimization

Most preset response surface methodology (RSM) designs offer ease of implementation and good performance over a wide range of process and design optimization applications. These designs often lack the ability to adapt the design on the basis of the characteristics of application and experimental space so as to reduce the number of experiments necessary. Hence, they are not cost-effective for applications where the cost of experimentation is high or when the experimentation resources are limited. In this paper, we present an adaptive sequential response surface methodology (ASRSM) for industrial experiments with high experimentation cost, limited experimental resources, and high design optimization performance requirement. The proposed approach is a sequential adaptive experimentation approach that combines concepts from nonlinear optimization, design of experiments, and response surface optimization. The ASRSM uses the information gained from the previous experiments to design the subsequent experiment by simultaneously reducing the region of interest and identifying factor combinations for new experiments. Its major advantage is the experimentation efficiency such that for a given response target, it identifies the input factor combination (or containing region) in less number of experiments than the classical single-shot RSM designs. Through extensive simulated experiments and real-world case studies, we show that the proposed ASRSM method outperforms the popular central composite design method and compares favorably with optimal designs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination of Male Germ Cells in Transgenic Mice by the Diphtheria Toxin A Chain Gene Directed by the Histone H1t Promoter

Expression of the diphtheria toxin A-chain gene was directed to the male germ line by fusion to 1 kilobase of the 59-flanking DNA of the rat histone H1t gene. Two independent lines of mice were established that expressed the toxic transgene. Female carriers were fertile; males were sterile although otherwise apparently normal. Adult transgenic males had very small testes that were virtually devoid of germ cells. A developmental study showed that germ cells survived until late fetal life but that testes of 3-day-old transgenic mice were severely depleted of prospermatogonia. During postnatal development of transgenic animals, remaining germ cells progressed to the pachytene stage of meiosis in 10% to 30% of tubular cross sections but degenerated before the completion of meiosis. By 3 mo of age the residual germ cells had almost completely disappeared. These transgenic lines demonstrate the complete tissue specificity of the H1t promoter and reveal a period of its activity just prior to formation of the definitive adult spermatogonial stem cell population. Whereas full expression of H1t occurs only in mid to late pachytene spermatocytes, one or more of the factors that impart tissue specificity to its expression must be transiently activated in the neonatal germ line. This report discusses the possibility that this genetic technique for eliminating germ cells may have practical application in making recipients for spermatogonial stem cell transplantation. spermatogenesis, testes
The Necessity of Design

In Jeff McMahan's The Ethics of Killing, an example involving a congenitally retarded child and a dog of similar cognitive ability is used to attempt to show that arguments about the potential to manifest traits are morally irrelevant to the abortion debate. McMahan argues that our intuition to enhance the child rather than the dog may be irrational. I explain that the only way to maintain common-sense ethics and strongly held intuitions about function and dysfunction is to accept a theory of design and to think, not in terms of “species” but, in terms of kinds of things that are designed to function in specific ways, where the failure of an individual of the kind to manifest characteristic functions is indicative of a privation rather than evidence that the individual is not – or not yet – a member of that kind and thus not as morally significant as members of the kind.