cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of toxicity testing and macroinvertebrate assessment of petroleum storage and manufacturing site and receiving water.

Toxicity tests were performed on runoff associated with manufacturing activity and effluent from chemical and petroleum storage tank containment areas. Toxicity tests and macroinvertebrate surveys were used to assess the quality of receiving streams. The sensitivity of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Brachionus calyciflorus to these effluents was compared. The 95% confidence limits of the probit LC20 (concentration inversely predicted to kill 20% of test organisms), probit E100 (effect predicted by the probit model at 100% effluent), and linear E100 (effect predicted by a first-order binomial model at 100% effluent) were used as toxicity criteria and compared, and the results of effluent and receiving water toxicity tests and macroinvertebrate assessments were compared. B. calyciflorus was unaffected by effluents that were toxic to C. dubia. The toxicity criteria generally agreed, but most disagreements involved LC20s with infinite inverse confidence limits, a problem that made the LC20 impractical. Even though discharges were frequently toxic, few downstream samples were toxic, and macroinvertebrate assessments failed to detect impact at most stations. Sensitivity of macroinvertebrate assessments was adversely affected by land development around the study sites. The macroinver-tebrate indices were difficult to interpret because their variances were not known.
Designing incentives for rural health care providers in developing countries

Abstract In many developing country settings, and particularly in rural areas, the implementation of anything more than very rudimentary contracts for medical care providers, including public employees, is virtually impossible. In this paper, we examine the kinds of policy levers that governments might conceivably have available to induce physicians to serve in rural areas. Using simple models of screening and spatial competition, we investigate how the government can sort between physicians with low and high opportunity costs of relocation, and how the quality of existing providers (e.g., traditional healers) might affect the government's training policies.
Thrombocytosis at secondary cytoreduction for recurrent ovarian cancer predicts suboptimal resection and poor survival

Abstract Objectives A growing body of evidence supports a role for thrombocytosis in the promotion of epithelial ovarian cancer biology. However, studies have only linked preoperative platelet count at time of initial cytoreductive surgery to clinical outcome. Here, we sought to determine the impact of elevated platelet count at time of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SCS) for recurrent disease. Methods Under an IRB-approved protocol, we identified 107 women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent SCS between January 1997 and June 2012. We reviewed clinical, laboratory, and pathologic records from this retrospective cohort. The data was analyzed using the chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan–Meier tests. We defined thrombocytosis as a platelet count ≥350×10 9 /L and optimal resection at SCS as microscopic residual disease. Results Thirteen of 107 women (12%) with recurrent ovarian cancer had thrombocytosis prior to SCS. Preoperative thrombocytosis at SCS was associated with failure to undergo optimal resection (p=0.0001). Women with preoperative thrombocytosis at time of SCS demonstrated shorter overall survival (33months) compared to those with normal platelet counts (46months, p=0.004). On multivariate analysis, only preoperative platelet count retained significance as an independent prognostic factor (p=0.025) after controlling for age at SCS (p=0.90), disease free interval from primary treatment (0.06), and initial stage of disease (0.66). Conclusions Elevated platelet count at time of SCS is associated with suboptimal resection and shortened overall survival. These data provide further evidence supporting a plausible role for thrombocytosis in aggressive ovarian tumor biology.
Smart integrated circuit processing

The authors describe the Berkeley intelligent processing system (BIPS), part of an effort to integrate expert system technology into IC manufacturing. The current effort of BIPS is to automate the furnace and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) processing fully. Four different modules that compose BIPS (the process recipe generation module, the editor, compiler, and translator module, the monitor and diagnostic module, and the communication module) have been developed, and the results obtained using each module are discussed. Process results predicted by BIPS are in reasonable agreement with experimental results. >
Epidermal growth factor differentially regulates low density lipoprotein receptor–related protein gene expression in neoplastic and fetal human astrocytes

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a multifunctional endocytotic receptor that may modify the biological activity of reactive astrocytes in neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration and of malignant astrocytes in brain invasion. In this study, the regulation of LRP by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands in both cultured human fetal astrocytes and astrocytic tumor cell lines (U-251 MG and U-1242 MG) was investigated. All astrocytic cell types expressed LRP, as determined by the binding of activated alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M*) on intact cells and by Western and Northern blot analyses of cell extracts. Primary cultured astrocytes expressed the highest levels of alpha2M*-binding capacity (Bmax = 30 fmol/mg protein). This was twofold higher than for the U-1242 MG astrocytoma cells (Bmax = 15 fmol/mg protein) and fourfold greater than for the glioblastoma U-251 MG cells (7.0 fmol/mg protein). Receptor affinity (K(D)) ranged from 0.25 to 0.6 nM in all the astroglial cell types. Functional LRP at the surface was down-regulated by EGF, compared with controls, as indicated by a reduction of both Bmax and LRP-mediated endocytosis by approximately 50% and 60%, respectively. In comparison, EGF treatment of primary astrocytes did not down-regulate LRP expression or LRP-mediated endocytosis. Treatment of the tumor cells with EGF or TGFalpha (25 ng/ml) significantly down-regulated total cellular LRP. Receptor-associated protein (RAP) mRNA expression was not affected by EGF in either tumor cells or primary astrocytes. The reduction of LRP in the tumor cells resulted from a specific decrease in LRP mRNA transcription, as determined by Northern blot and nuclear run-on experiments. These data suggest that EGF mediates a functional down-regulation of LRP endocytotic activity in astrocytic tumor cells and that LRP expression is differentially regulated in neoplastic and non-neoplastic astrocytes.
Bundled cable parameters and their impact on EMI measurement repeatability

EMI (electromagnetic interference) test procedures specify that long cables should be bundled at their center in some circumstances. The author investigates the effect of cable bundling using analytical models and measurements. He examines how cable bundle parameters such as length and 'tightness' can affect the repeatability of the measurement. Simple models of a bundled cable suggest that relatively small changes in the geometry of the bundle can significantly affect the common-mode cable current. Parameters such as length, tightness, location and the number of turns determine the impedance of the bundle. As the impedance of the cable bundle changes, the resonant frequency of the system shifts. This can result in large changes at the very frequencies where EMI problems are most likely to occur. It is also shown that lossy cables or cables with a lossy common-mode termination are less likely to be sensitive to minor changes in cable bundle parameters. The resonant peaks in a lossy system are smaller and cover a wider band of frequencies. Small shifts in the resonant frequency do not have as much of an impact on the currents induced at any one frequency. >
Graphical Reconstruction and Comparison of Royal Boat Iconography from the Causeway of the Egyptian King Sahure (c.2487–2475 BC)

Recently published reliefs from the causeway of Sahure and a review of contemporary iconography and archaeological data shed new light on a variety of features of Old Kingdom royal sailing boats and equipment, such as quarter rudders, rigging, signalling devices, decorations and crew. Furthermore, another relief depicts men paddling in a sequential or what appears to be a wave pattern. Only one other such relief exists. A comparison of both reveals that they are different boat types. One is a specialized racing boat and the other appears to be a larger boat possibly designed to be rowed.
The Effect of Draw Ratio and Temperature on Electrical Conduction in Nylon Filaments

In a study of electrical conduction in nylon as a function of draw ratio and temperature, it was found that the conductance depends upon washing history. Accordingly, a standard wash ing procedure was devised to allow reproducible and comparable measurements to be made. The conductivity at 30°C thus measured was shown to decrease with increasing draw ratio to an extent greater than can be accounted for by the decreased moisture regain produced by drawing. Upon decreasing the temperature from 45°C to 15°C, the conductivities at constant regain of both drawn and undrawn nylon fell, the difference between the two diminishing and apparently disappearing at 15°C. At none of the temperatures and regains studied could the temperature dependence be accounted for as a simple rate process.
LRRM: a randomized reliable multicast protocol for optimizing recovery latency and buffer utilization

An efficient recovery protocol for lost messages is crucial for supporting reliable multicasting. The tree-based recovery protocols group nodes into recovery regions and designate a recovery node per region for buffering and retransmitting lost messages. In these protocols, the recovery host may get overloaded during periods of large message losses and costly remote recovery may be initiated even though a peer node has the lost message. To address these drawbacks, the randomized reliable multicast protocol (RRMP) was proposed which distributes the responsibility of error recovery among all members in a group. The pressure on the buffer and computational resources on the intermediate nodes is increasing due to the wide distribution of multicast participants with widely varying reception rates and periodic disconnections. In this paper, we propose the lightweight randomized reliable multicast (LRRM) protocol that optimizes the amount of buffer space by providing an efficient mechanism based on best-effort multicast for retrieving a lost message. A theoretical analysis and a simulation based study of two realistic topologies indicate that LRRM provides comparable recovery latency to RRMP for lower buffer space usage. While presented in the context of RRMP, LRRM can also benefit other tree-based reliable multicast protocols.
The Distribution of Colias in the Equatorial Andes

The Genus Colias of primarily yellow and orange Pierid butterflies, is largerly northern in distribution. Representatives are found from Europe across the great Eurasiatic land mass to Siberia and northern Japan from where they span the narrow water barrier separating America and occur throughout North America. In the Mediterranean region, representatives are found on both the European and the African shores of the sea and also are found south around the Sahara desert through the highlands of Ethiopia and the Sudan into the southern parts of that continent, being absent in the hotter and more humid places.
Ideology and Equality The Status of Women in Eastern and Western Europe

Socialism has had a mixed impact on the status of women in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. While women's roles have changed since the institution of socialist systems, the rate and extent of change in different areas of life have varied. The pattern of role change which has occured in these countries as the result of modernization and directed social change differs from that which has occurred more spontaneously in non-socialist countries, particularly in the areas of education and employment. Women in socialist states have greater access to higher education and are more often employed. But they remain at the fringes of economic and political power and are hindered by the persistence of a traditional division of labor within the home. This pattern is explained by reference to the differential commitments of socialist elites, who have tended to promote improvement in the status of women, only where it contributes to higher priority goals, such as modernization. Prospects for further change in the stat...
The High-Tech Industry and Its Workers.

The purpose of this article is to provide counselors, academic advisers, and career coaches with a basic understanding of the current state of the high-technology (high-tech) industry in the United States and the people who work in it. A profile of a high-tech worker is presented, several high-tech career developments are described, and selected industry trends and issues are discussed. The authors conclude by offering 5 specific ways employment counselors can help aspiring, disillusioned, and/or committed high-tech workers manage their careers.
Associations between household and neighborhood income and anxiety symptoms in young adolescents

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of the role of both family- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic characteristics in the development of anxiety disorders is important for identifying salient target populations for intervention efforts. Little research has examined the question of whether associations between anxiety and socioeconomic status (SES) differ depending upon the level at which SES is measured or way in which anxiety manifests. We studied associations between both household- and neighborhood-level income and four different manifestations of anxiety in a community sample of young adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data on 498 subjects aged 11-13 from a cohort study of Seattle-area middle school students. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between both annual household income and neighborhood median income and each of four anxiety subscale scores from the multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC): physical symptoms, harm avoidance, social anxiety, and separation/panic anxiety. RESULTS: A negative association was found between household income and scores on two of the four MASC subscales-physical symptoms and separation/panic anxiety. In contrast, at equivalent levels of household income, adolescents living in higher income neighborhoods reported higher physical and harm avoidance symptom scores. CONCLUSION: The role that SES plays in the development of childhood anxiety appears to be complex and to differ depending on the specific type of anxiety that is manifest and whether income is evaluated at the household or neighborhood level. Language: en
Ventricular Assist Device Implant in the Elderly Is Associated With Increased, but Respectable Risk: A Multi-Institutional Study

Background There are an increasing number of elderly patients with end-stage heart failure. Destination mechanical circulatory support is often the only therapy available for these patients who are not transplant candidates. The outcomes after continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF LVAD) implant in older patients remains unclear. We undertook this multi-institutional study to quantify short-term and midterm outcomes after CF LVAD implant in the elderly. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients in the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) national registry that underwent implant of a CF LVAD (June 2006 to April 2012). Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based upon age ( Results Patients age 70 and older were more hemodynamically stable pre-VAD implant as evidenced by INTERMACS profile and inotrope dependence. Perioperative outcomes, including median bypass time (89 vs 89 minutes) and length of stay (0.657 vs 0.657 months) were similar between cohorts ( p = not significant). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in 2-year survival between patients aged 70 years or greater (63%) and less than 70 (71%, p p Conclusions Multi-institutional analysis revealed advanced age as a predictor of increased mortality after CF LVAD implantation. Careful patient selection is critical in the elderly to optimize long-term outcomes after CF LVAD implantation.
The Molecular Biology Database Collection: 2002 update.

The Molecular Biology Database Collection is an online resource listing key databases of value to the biological community. This Collection is intended to bring fellow scientists’ attention to high-quality databases that are available throughout the world, rather than just be a lengthy listing of all available databases. As such, this up-to-date listing is intended to serve as the initial point from which to find specialized databases that may be of use in biological research. The databases included in this Collection provide new value to the underlying data by virtue of curation, new data connections or other innovative approaches. Short, searchable summaries and updates for each of the databases included in the Collection are available through the Nucleic Acids Research Web site at http://nar.oupjournals.org.
Macroconidia of Trichophyton schoenleinii

Macroconidia of Trichophyton schoenleinii were readily produced when cultures were prepared by using inocula previously treated with antibodies.
Inhibition of Antiassociation Activity of Translation Initiation Factor 3 by Paromomycin

The effect of paromomycin on the interaction of ribosomal subunits was studied. Paromomycin inhibited the antiassociation activity of initiation factor 3 (IF3). Furthermore, ribosomal subunits were associated to form 70S ribosomes by paromomycin even in the presence of 1 mM Mg 2+ . Paromomycin did not inhibit the binding of IF3 to the 30S ribosomal subunits. On the other hand, IF3 bound to the 30S subunits was expelled by paromomycin-induced subunit association (70S formation). These results indicate that the stabilization of 70S ribosomes by paromomycin may in part be responsible for its inhibitory effects on translocation and ribosome recycling.
Camera control and decoupled motion for teleoperation

Human judgment is an integral part of the teleoperation process that is often heavily influenced by a single video feed returned from the remote environment. This limitation on the perceptual links to the environment leaves the operator prone to cognitive mistakes and general disorientation. These faults may be enhanced or muted, depending on the camera mountings and control opportunities that are at the disposal of the operator. These issues form the basis for an experiment to assess the effectiveness of existing and potential teleoperation controls. Findings suggest that providing a camera that is controlled independently from the orientation of the vehicle may yield significant benefits.
Controlling velocity-limited systems to reduce residual vibration

To avoid vibration of robot arms when they are moved very rapidly, a set of shaped force profiles have been developed to minimize the excitation energy at the system's first natural frequency during motion. The system is assumed to be velocity-limited. The force profiles are constructed from a versine (one-cosine) function and its harmonics, with coefficients chosen to minimize the spectral magnitude near the system natural frequency. The profiles can be tuned to the closed-loop natural frequency of a closed-loop system with motor position and velocity feedback. When integrated twice, the force profile becomes a reference trajectory which serves to bring the system to peak velocity with minimum excitation at the first natural frequency. Using a suitable dwell time between acceleration and deceleration, a specified position can be reached quickly with minimum residual vibration and within while never exceeding the velocity limit. >
Ca-dependent facilitation of cardiac Ca current is due to Ca-calmodulin- dependent protein kinase

Repetitive membrane potential (Em) depolarization from -90 to 0 mV in rabbit and ferret ventricular myocytes induces a facilitation or "staircase" of Ca current (ICa), which is Ca (not Em) dependent and takes several seconds to accumulate and dissipate. That is, ICa at the tenth pulse at 1-2 Hz exceeds that at the first pulse (I10 > I1). The ICa staircase was completely abolished by dialysis with either of two inhibitory peptides of Ca-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) CaMKII(290-309) and CaMKII(273-302)], implicating this kinase. Inclusion of ATP gamma S in the patch pipette gradually increased ICa but also abolished the staircase implicating phosphorylation. KN-62, a nonpeptide CaMKII inhibitor, reversed the ICa staircase (I1 > I10). However, this effect of KN-62 was largely attributed to a slower recovery from inactivation and a gating shift to more negative Em (not seen with CaMKII peptides). Similar results were obtained with H-89 and staurosporine (inhibitors of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and phospholipid-/Ca-dependent protein kinase, respectively). The reversal of the ICa staircase with H-89 and KN-62 could be prevented by more negative interpulse Em or elevation of extracellular [Ca] (which could counteract changes in channel gating due to a reduction in internal negative surface potential). That is, these kinase inhibitors might decrease phosphorylation at the inner membrane surface. In approximately 30% of the cells studied with H-89 and staurosporine the characteristic kinetic difference in ICa inactivation (faster at I1 than I10) was also diminished. This might be due to a relatively nonspecific inhibition of the same protein kinase inhibited by the CaMKII peptides. We conclude that the Ca-dependent ICa facilitation is due to activation of CaMKII and phosphorylation of a site on or near the Ca channel. KN-62, H-89, and staurosporine shifted ICa gating to more negative potentials and slowed recovery from inactivation, effects that could be due to reduction in phosphorylation at the inner membrane surface. Thus the reversal of the ICa staircase by KN-62, H-89, and staurosporine may not be Ca channel specific.
Effects of agents that inhibit cellular iron incorporation on bladder cancer cell proliferation

Agents that interfere with cellular iron (Fe) incorporation inhibit tumor cell proliferation, including metals that bind to transferrin (Tf) such as gallium (Ga) or indium (In) and Fe chelators such as desferrioxamine (DFO). Ga nitrate is effective in the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer and these patients exhibit evidence for interference with Fe metabolism. We show here that bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro is dependent on Tf-Fe. Concentrations of DFO that can be readily achieved in vivo inhibit cellular proliferation even in the presence of physiologic concentrations of Tf-Fe. Inhibition of proliferation by Tf-Ga is associated with decreased cellular Fe incorporation. However, when a physiologic concentration of Tf-Fe is added to an equimolar concentration of Tf-Ga, significant Fe incorporation is evident despite inhibition of proliferation. Thus, besides interference with Fe incorporation, Ga may also interfere with intracellular Fe distribution and/or directly inhibit an Fe- (or non-Fe- ) requiring process necessary for cellular proliferation. DFO followed sequentially by Tf-Ga results in marked potentiation of inhibition of proliferation. The effects of this combination appear to be related to both interference with Fe metabolism and increased Ga uptake. This sequential combination may be useful in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Eager to Help Yet Reluctant to Give: How Pro-Social Effort and Pro-Social Choices Diverge

Charity marketers face the challenge of understanding how pro-social decisions are made. Are all solicitations made equal? The authors found that a helping opportunity and a giving opportunity reveal different pro-social preferences. In a series of four studies, involving hypothetical and real pro-social opportunities, participants showed high willingness to help (i.e. exerted more task effort for a charitable cause than for themselves), as well as reluctance to give (i.e. the majority kept resources for themselves rather than giving to charity, when given a choice). The authors propose that the consideration of direct self-interest plays a key role in the observed discrepancy. When deliberate consideration of direct self-interest is activated, as in direct choices, it trumps other motives, resulting in more selfish behaviors. When the direct self-interest remains implicit, as in effort persistence, pro-social behaviors can be effectively driven by other indirectly beneficial motives, such as the pursuit of meaningfulness. These findings have important practical implications for how charitable organizations can convey their needs effectively and design persuasive marketing messages.
Dynamic orientation of As 76

The method of dynamic nuclear orientation has been used to orient $^{76}\mathrm{As}$ atoms present as impurities in an $n$-type silicon crystal. The measured anisotropy of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays was used to determine the orientation parameters subsequent to the 2.410 MeV ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow} ${2}^{+}$ first forbidden $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition. The ${U}_{2}$ and ${U}_{4}$ parameters characterizing the change in the orientation satisfy the relationships $\frac{{U}_{2}}{{U}_{4}}=0.95\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ and ${U}_{4}\ensuremath{\ge}0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$.
People like me are never promoted! Plurality in hierarchical tournaments for promotion and compensation

A central tenet of tournament theory is that interhierarchical pay dispersion promotes effort and performance among employees—regardless of who ends up winning the tournament—because all employees ...
Effects of systemic hypothermia on myocardial metabolism and coronary blood flow in the fibrillating heart.

Ventricular fibrillation during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass is deleterious to the myocardium. This study was undertaken to determine if moderate systemic hypothermia would protect the myocardium during ventricular fibrillation. Fourteen mongrel dogs were subjected to 1 hour, 15 minutes of total cardiopulmonary bypass. Ventricular fibrillation was induced by a continuous electrical alternating current applied at the beginning of bypass and lasting for 1 hour. Six animals were maintained at normothermia (Group I), and eight were cooled to 30° C. for 1 hour (Group II). The hypothermic group (Group II) demonstrated lower myocardial oxygen consumption and metabolism, decreased coronary blood flow, and less myocardial lactate production during ventricular fibrillation than did Group I. It is concluded that hypothermia does offer some protection, although not complete, against the deleterious effects of ventricular fibrillation described previously.
Music Information Retrieval in ChucK; Real-Time Prototyping for MIR Systems & Performance.

We present a hands-on ISMIR tutorial focused on the free, open-source ChucK programming language for music analysis, synthesis, learning, and prototyping. Our goal is to familiarize the ISMIR audience with ChucK’s new capabilities for MIR prototyping and real-time performance systems, and to stimulate discussion on future directions for language development and toolkit repository contents. 1. OUTLINE OF CONTENT Part 1: Introduction to ChucK This is a hands-on introduction to ChucK, in which participants with laptops can code along as we introduce the language’s key syntax, the unit generator patching system, timing and concurrency model, and on-the-fly programming and prototyping practice using the miniAudicle development environment. Participants will understand at a high level how ChucK has been used for composition and performance (including with the Princeton and Stanford Laptop Orchestras) and music technology education at Princeton and Stanford. Part 2: Audio analysis in ChucK We demonstrate how to perform audio analysis in the language, including applying spectral transformations, extraction of standard MIR features, and designing lowlevel signal processing and feature extraction from scratch in the language. We will have fun applying ChucK’s onthe-fly and rapid prototyping to analysis, demonstrating how feature extraction algorithms and parameters can be changed during the processing of live audio. Part 3: Classification and learning in ChucK We lead the group through experimentation with applying ChucK’s classification and learning algorithms to off-line and real-time audio. For example, we use built-in capabilities to rapidly construct an instrument classifier and an artist classifier. Again, we stress the rapid prototyping capabilities of the language, and miniAudicle on-the-fly development and ChucK’s standard classifier building blocks, as well as demonstrate how users can modify built-in classifiers and implement their own. We discuss exciting issues in applying classification to realtime performance, including on-the-fly learning. Part 4: Discussion and Q&A At this point, we discuss larger issues of applying MIR in live performance, and if possible take questions from participants regarding how they might implement ideas they have using ChucK, potential future directions for MIR-related ChucK development, as well as using MIR for live performance.
Gene Regulation and Quality Control in Murine Polyomavirus Infection

Murine polyomavirus (MPyV) infects mouse cells and is highly oncogenic in immunocompromised hosts and in other rodents. Its genome is a small, circular DNA molecule of just over 5000 base pairs and it encodes only seven polypeptides. While seemingly simply organized, this virus has adopted an unusual genome structure and some unusual uses of cellular quality control pathways that, together, allow an amazingly complex and varied pattern of gene regulation. In this review we discuss how MPyV leverages these various pathways to control its life cycle.
Spirals of the Mind

A modern science ethics committee would not have been amused by Heinrich Kluver, an ex-patriot German psychologist looking exactly like you would expect from an ex-patriot German psychologist, with Freudian glasses and overdone eyebrows. In the 1920s he administered mescaline, the hallucinogenic substance in the peyote cactus, both to himself and to a large number of volunteers. Peyote was traditionally used by American indigenous people in shamanistic practice, and was made famous by the book “The Doors of Perception” by Aldous Huxley.
The Effect of Formative Capstone Simulation Scenarios on Novice Nursing Students' Anxiety and Self-Confidence Related to Initial Clinical Practicum

Abstract Background Clinical practicum is an anxiety-producing experience for nursing students. When students experience anxiety, competence, confidence, and patient safety are affected. However, there is limited empirical support for teaching strategies to address the anxiety related to clinical for nursing students within the nursing education literature. Method Ninety-five sophomore baccalaureate nursing students participated in the study. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision-Making Scale were used to assess students' anxiety and self-confidence immediately before and immediately following formative capstone simulation scenarios with standardized patients. Results State anxiety and anxiety related to clinical decision making were significantly lower following formative capstone simulation scenarios (p Conclusion Formative capstone simulation scenarios are an effective method to reduce anxiety for novice students prior to entering the clinical setting. Further research is needed to enhance the generalizability of these findings.
Status Update on Translation of Integrated Primary Dental-Medical Care Delivery for Management of Diabetic Patients

Escalating prevalence of both diabetes and periodontal disease, two diseases associated with bi-directional exacerbation, has been reported. Periodontal disease represents a modifiable risk factor that may reduce diabetes onset or progression, and integrated models of cross-disciplinary care are needed to establish and manage glycemic control in affected patients. An ad-hoc environmental scan of current literature and media sought to characterize factors impacting status of integrated care models based on review of the existing evidence base in literature and media surrounding: (1) current cross-disciplinary practice patterns, (2) epidemiological updates, (3) status on risk assessment and screening for dysglycemia in the dental setting, (4) status on implementation of quality metrics for oral health, (5) care model pilots, and (6) public health perspectives. The survey revealed: escalating prevalence of diabetes and periodontitis globally; greater emphasis on oral health assessment for diabetic patients in recent medical clinical practice guidelines; high knowledgeability surrounding oral-systemic impacts on diabetes and growing receptivity to medical-dental integration among medical and dental providers; increasing numbers of programs/studies reporting on positive impact of emerging integrated dental-medical care models on diabetic patient healthcare access and health outcomes; a growing evidence base for clinically significant rates of undiagnosed dysglycemia among dental patients reported by point-of-care pilot studies; no current recommendation for population-based screening for dysglycemia in dental settings pending a stronger evidence base; improved definition of true periodontitis prevalence in (pre)/diabetics; emerging recognition of the need for oral health quality indicators and tracking; evidence of persistence in dental access disparity; updated status on barriers to integration. The potential benefit of creating clinically-applicable integrated care models to support holistic management of an escalating diabetic population by targeting modifiable risk factors including periodontitis is being recognized by the health industry. Cross-disciplinary efforts supported by high quality research are needed to mitigate previously- and newly-defined barriers of care integration and expedite development and implementation of integrated care models in various practice settings. Implementation of quality monitoring in the dental setting will support definition of the impact and efficacy of interventional clinical care models on patient outcomes.
The effect of vitamin concentrates on the flavor of pasteurized fluid milk

ABSTRACT Fluid milk consumption in the United States continues to decline. As a result, the level of dietary vitamin D provided by fluid milk in the United States diet has also declined. Undesirable flavor(s)/off flavor(s) in fluid milk can negatively affect milk consumption and consumer product acceptability. The objectives of this study were to identify aroma-active compounds in vitamin concentrates used to fortify fluid milk, and to determine the influence of vitamin A and D fortification on the flavor of milk. The aroma profiles of 14 commercial vitamin concentrates (vitamins A and D), in both oil-soluble and water-dispersible forms, were evaluated by sensory and instrumental volatile compound analyses. Orthonasal thresholds were determined for 8 key aroma-active compounds in skim and whole milk. Six representative vitamin concentrates were selected to fortify skim and 2% fat pasteurized milks (vitamin A at 1,500–3,000 IU/qt, vitamin D at 200–1,200 IU/qt, vitamin A and D at 1,000/200–6,000/1,200 IU/qt). Pasteurized milks were evaluated by sensory and instrumental volatile compound analyses and by consumers. Fat content, vitamin content, and fat globule particle size were also determined. The entire experiment was done in duplicate. Water-dispersible vitamin concentrates had overall higher aroma intensities and more detected aroma-active compounds than oil-soluble vitamin concentrates. Trained panelists and consumers were able to detect flavor differences between skim milks fortified with water-dispersible vitamin A or vitamin A and D, and unfortified skim milks. Consumers were unable to detect flavor differences in oil-soluble fortified milks, but trained panelists documented a faint carrot flavor in oil-soluble fortified skim milks at higher vitamin A concentrations (3,000–6,000 IU). No differences were detected in skim milks fortified with vitamin D, and no differences were detected in any 2% milk. These results demonstrate that vitamin concentrates may contribute to off flavor(s) in fluid milk, especially in skim milk fortified with water-dispersible vitamin concentrates.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE FOLDING OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS IN PROTEINS

A discussion is given of theoretical and experimental studies which are being carried out to determine the factors which affect the folding of polypeptide chains in proteins. Short-range interactions play a very important role in determining local structures, and the interactions of distant ordered sections in protein folding is thought to be brought about by the directing influence of β-bends in specific portions of the amino acid sequence. Preliminary results have been obtained for the binding energy in binary complexes, viz., enzyme-substrate complexes.
Double-Sided Process for MEMS SOI Sensors With Deep Vertical Thru-Wafer Interconnects

This paper reports an approach for co-fabrication of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) sensors with low-resistance vertical electrical interconnects in thick (up to $600~\mu \text{m}$ ) wafers. The thru-wafer interconnects double-sided (TWIDS) process is based on bottom-up seedless copper electroplating, and allows for voids-free features and high aspect ratio (wafer thickness to copper diameter ratio of 10:1). This work describes the design trade-offs, process flow, and characterization of interconnects. TWIDS technology is compatible with a standard SOI micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication process and is applicable for micro sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, resonators, and RF MEMS devices, as well as for the 3-D MEMS assemblies. As a demonstration of potential applications, miniature toroidal ring gyroscopes were fabricated using the TWIDS process. The experimental characterization showed that the low-resistance interconnects with low parasitic losses are suitable for integration with capacitive-detection sensors. In addition, the mechanical stability of the interconnects is discussed in this paper, and a method to enhance structural rigidity by means of filling the insulating gaps with Parylene C is demonstrated. [2017-0179]
The Female Urologic History

In most medical conditions, a detailed history will help to establish the underlying diagnosis in the vast majority of patients. In addition, a careful history will often suggest how to treat the patient. Unfortunately, a urologic history is not as helpful in determining the underlying diagnosis. Work in our laboratory and others has demonstrated that the urologic history is less than 60% accurate in establishing the underlying cause of urinary incontinence. Many urinary tract symptoms are non-specific and overlapping. There are no truly pathognomonic symptoms. For example, urgency, frequency and dysuria are the hallmarks of lower urinary tract infections. However, many women with these same symptoms may have the urethral syndrome and no detectable urinary infection. In addition, frequency and urgency may signify uninhibited detrusor contractions rather than inflammation or infection. Although a detailed history is necessary, it should never be considered diagnostic. Operating or initiating therapy on the basis of the urologic history alone will lead to a high incidence of failure.
What Causes Atrial Fibrillation and Why Do We Fail With Ablation?: Insights From Metabolic Syndrome

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been widely recognized as a modern-day disease epidemic ([1,2][1]). Although AF ablation has been a major advance, offering a new spectrum of treatment options for symptomatic patients, high recurrence rates have significantly tempered initial optimism ([2,3][2]).
β-Functionalized push–pull opp-dibenzoporphyrins as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells: the role of the phenylethynyl bridge

A novel class of β-functionalized push–pull zinc opp-dibenzoporphyrins was designed and synthesized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dibenzoporphyrin YH7 displayed strong push–pull characteristics, which included clearly segregated HOMO/LUMO and fast charge injection from the singlet excited state of zinc porphyrin to the conduction band of TiO2. The incorporation of both the phenylethynyl bridge and amino group was critical to achieve the enhanced push–pull effect. The highest PCE value in this series obtained with the YH6 cell was 6.7%, which is comparable to that of the best ruthenium dye, N719 (η = 7.4%), under similar conditions. The high PCE of the YH6 cell is ascribed to its high light harvesting ability and favorable cell kinetics, which is supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies and femtosecond transient absorption studies. An unusual illumination-induced photodegradation was observed for YH7, which was attributed as the major reason for the unexpected lower PCE of the YH7 cell (η = 5.7%). This work demonstrates the applicability of π-extended porphyrins as a new generation of sensitizers for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells.
The SERM Saga, Something from Nothing: American Cancer Society/SSO Basic Science Lecture

The discovery of nonsteroidal antiestrogens created a new group of medicines looking for an application; however, at the time, cytotoxic chemotherapy was the modality of choice to treat all cancers. Antiestrogens were orphan drugs until 1971, with the passing of the National Cancer Act. This enabled laboratory innovations to aid patient care. This article traces the strategic application of tamoxifen to treat breast cancer by targeting the estrogen receptor (ER), deploying long-term adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, and becoming the first chemopreventive for any cancer. Laboratory discoveries from the University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center (UWCCC) are described that address a broad range of biological issues with tamoxifen. These translated to improvements in clinical care. Tamoxifen was studied extensively at UWCCC in the 1980s for the development of acquired resistance to long-term therapy. Additionally, the long-term metabolism of tamoxifen and regulation of growth factors were also studied. A concern with tamoxifen use for chemoprevention was that an antiestrogen would increase bone loss and atherosclerosis. Laboratory studies with tamoxifen and keoxifene (subsequently named raloxifene) demonstrated that ‘nonsteroidal antiestrogens’ maintained bone density, and this translated into successful clinical trials with tamoxifen at UWCCC. However, tamoxifen also increased endometrial cancer growth; this discovery in the laboratory translated into changes in clinical care. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) were born at UWCCC. There are now five US FDA-approved SERMs, all with discovery origins at UWCCC. Women’s health was revolutionized as SERMs have the ability to treat multiple diseases by switching target sites around a woman’s body on or off.
Implant Removal Matrix for the Upper Extremity Orthopedic Surgeon

Orthopedic implant removal is a commonly performed procedure. While implant removal can be associated withimproved symptoms, risks of the surgery are notable. Stripped screws, broken and retained hardware, and morbidityassociated with soft tissue compromise during difficult removal are all common. Familiarity with the instruments iscritical to procedure success. The purpose of this study is to assist removal of unfamiliar screws in upper extremitysurgery by offering a reference for screw and driver compatibility across manufacturers.Inclusion of device manufacturers was determined by market share. Screw size, drive configuration, and screw removalsystem compatibility data was collected and recorded. Screw, guide-wire, and screwdriver compatibility was assessedand compared to two commonly utilized universal implant-removal sets.Eight upper extremity implant vendors were included. The data was compiled in table format according to manufacturerand sub-categorized to facilitate screw identification according to radiographically identifiable characteristics.The diversity of orthopaedic implants in upper extremity surgery requires careful preoperative planning to identify theappropriate equipment for implant removal.The goal of this work is to provide a centralized reference of commonly implanted screws, guide-wires, and drivers forthe upper extremity to facilitate removal.Level of evidence: V
The effects of persistent audible seat belt reminders and a speed-limiting interlock on the seat belt use of drivers who do not always use a seat belt.

Abstract Introduction: Vehicle technologies that increase seat belt use can save thousands of lives each year. Kidd, Singer, Huey, and Kerfoot (2018) found that a gearshift interlock was more effective for increasing seat belt use than an intermittent audible reminder, but interlocks may not be more effective than persistent audible reminders lasting at least 90 seconds. Method: Forty-nine part-time belt users with a recent seat belt citation who self-reported not always using a seat belt drove two vehicles for 1 week each. Thirty-three drove a Chevrolet with an intermittent audible reminder followed by either a BMW with a persistent 90-second audible reminder (n = 17) or a Subaru with an incessant audible reminder (n = 16). The other 16 participants experienced the BMW persistent reminder followed by an interlock that limited speed to 15 mph during unbelted driving. These data were combined with data from 32 part-time belt users in Kidd et al. (2018) who experienced the intermittent reminder for 2 weeks or the intermittent reminder for 1 week and a gearshift interlock the next. Results: Relative to the intermittent reminder, seat belt use was significantly increased an estimated 30% by the BMW persistent reminder, 34% by the Subaru incessant reminder, and 33% by the speed-limiting interlock. Belt use was increased an estimated 16% by the gearshift interlock, but this change was not significant. More participants circumvented the speed-limiting interlock to drive unbelted than the audible reminders. Responses to a poststudy survey indicated that interlocks were less acceptable than reminders. Conclusions: Audible reminders lasting at least 90 seconds and a speed-limiting interlock were more effective for increasing seat belt use than an intermittent audible reminder, but reminders were found more acceptable. Practical applications: Strengthening existing U.S. safety standards to require audible reminders lasting at least 90 seconds for front-row occupants could save up to 1,489 lives annually.
Optimal Use of FOLFOXIRI Plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Systemic Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA with more than half of diagnosed patients developing metastatic disease. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic disease is chemotherapy, and upfront treatment has generally consisted of a two-drug chemotherapy combination (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) plus a biologic agent. In this review, we explore the emerging role of the three-drug chemotherapy combination FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer. Randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab have shown improvement in objective response rate, overall survival, and resection rate when compared to previous standard therapy. However, this comes with added toxicity, which can be one of the main barriers to its widespread implementation. FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab is an effective therapy in carefully selected patients; however, more clinical trials investigating the regimen’s role in colorectal cancer remain a significant need.