cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Montecarlo Simulation of Charge Accumulating Process of a Single Particle due to Successive Impacts

Charge accumulating process of a single particle due to successive impacts was numerically simulated based on a charge relaxation model. In the calculation, a patch-like charge generated by each impact was localized randomly on the particle surface, and the fixed patch-like charges worked as the initial charge at the next impact. Due to such non-uniform charge distribution of initial charge on the particle surface, impact charge upon each impact scattered around a ‘charging line, ’ which is a linear relationship between the initial charge and impact charge derived with an assumption of uniform initial charge diatribution. Despite the variation in impact charge, it was shown that the total charge accumulation follows a normal exponential decay and reached a saturated value which corresponds to the linear charging line.
Augmentation of the Positive After-Potential of Nerves by Yohimbine:

A nerve poisoned by yohimbine exhibits, after a single response, a recovery curve of excitability characterized by a refractory period, a supernormal period, and a subnormal period.1 Of these the first 2 have been recognized as existing in unpoisoned nerve and have been brought into approximate relationship with the parts of the action-potential known as the spike and negative after-potential. A subnormal period has been recognized in unpoisoned nerve but only after the nerve has been tetanized, in which case the subnormality is associated with the positive after-potential.2 The latter association suggests that the effect of yohimbine is to augment the process responsible for the positive after-potential. Such being the case, the apparent absence of a subnormal period following a single response in unpoisoned nerve would be interpreted as due to the small size of the positive after-potential which there exists.A few experiments sufficed to demonstrate that the potential is augmented as was anticipated. Th...
Brief Walking Test and Cognitive Function among Congestive Heart Failure Patients: Effect Modification by Duration of Congestive Heart Failure

Various walking tests, such as the six-minute walk test (6MWT), are effective tools for assessing functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular disease.1 Due to its convenience of implementation and acceptance, these walking tests are also widely used to assess the response to rehabilitation interventions.1 Notably, such walking tests are a simple and useful prognostic marker of subsequent cardiac death among those with heart failure.2 Acute walking tests have also been shown to associate with cognitive function in a convenience sample of patients with chronic heart failure,3 which is an important determination as cognitive dysfunction has been shown to occur among those with heart failure.4,8 Thus, not only may the results of a 6MWT provide valuable information about cardiopulmonary functioning among heart failure patients, it may also help to provide useful information with regard to cognitive function, which ultimately may influence engagement in physical activity behavior. 9
Safe Injection and Strategy About During the Process of Child Vaccination

Vaccination is widely used public health intervention. Problem of safe injection during the process of immunization are increasing prominent and valued highly. The author reviews on the characteristics and the present situation of safe injection and puts forward specific strategies preventing unsafe injection.
Quantitative analysis of target perception based on paired comparison

For the purpose of quantitative analysis of the influence of the target features on its perception in certain background,the procedure for quantitative analysis of the target perception based on paired comparison was put forward.The background pictures of the target were gathered,and the target features by image manipulation were adjusted to produce a series of pictures.Psychophysical experiments were carried out to identify these pictures under the rule of paired comparison.The quantitative expression of the dependence of the target perception on its characteristics was obtained by the experiment and analysis of quantitative analysis.This fact verifies the applicability of the paired comparison method in analyzing the target perception.
Auditory perceptual simulation: Simulating speech rates or accents?

Abstract When readers engage in Auditory Perceptual Simulation (APS) during silent reading, they mentally simulate characteristics of voices attributed to a particular speaker or a character depicted in the text. Previous research found that auditory perceptual simulation of a faster native English speaker during silent reading led to shorter reading times that auditory perceptual simulation of a slower non-native English speaker. Yet, it was uncertain whether this difference was triggered by the different speech rates of the speakers, or by the difficulty of simulating an unfamiliar accent. The current study investigates this question by comparing faster Indian-English speech and slower American-English speech in the auditory perceptual simulation paradigm. Analyses of reading times of individual words and the full sentence reveal that the auditory perceptual simulation effect again modulated reading rate, and auditory perceptual simulation of the faster Indian-English speech led to faster reading rates compared to auditory perceptual simulation of the slower American-English speech. The comparison between this experiment and the data from Zhou and Christianson (2016) demonstrate further that the “speakers'” speech rates, rather than the difficulty of simulating a non-native accent, is the primary mechanism underlying auditory perceptual simulation effects.
Visual Data Mining of Coexpression Data to Set Research Priorities in Cardiac Development Research

Over the past decade, an immense amount of biomedical data have become available in the public domain due to the development of ever-more efficient screening tools such as expression microarrays. To fully leverage this important new resource, it has become imperative to develop new methodologies for mining and visualizing data to make inferences beyond the scope of the original experiments. This need motivated the development of a new freely available web-based application called StarNet ( http://vanburenlab.medicine.tamhsc.edu/starnet2.html ). Here we describe the use of StarNet, which functions primarily as a query tool that draws correlation networks centered about a gene of interest. To support inferences and the development of new hypotheses using the resulting correlation network, StarNet queries all genes in the correlation network against a database of known interactions and displays the results in a second graph and provides a statistical test of Gene Ontology term enrichment (keyword enrichment) to provide tentative summary functional annotations for the correlation network. Finally, StarNet provides additional tools for comparing networks drawn from two different selected data sets, thus providing methods for making inferences and developing new hypotheses about differential wiring for different regulatory domains.
Operative bed recurrence of thyroid cancer: utility of a preoperative needle localization technique

Background: Surgical management of recurrent disease after total thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma remains a challenging clinical problem. Reoperation is associated with a significant increase in morbidity. Preoperative needle localization technique for non-palpable breast tumors has recently been extrapolated to head and neck surgery. We report on the use of preoperative ultrasound-guided needle localization for non-palpable recurrent operative bed disease as an intraoperative aid in resection. Methods: Patients with thyroid carcinoma were identified from a retrospective database at a tertiary care center from 2011–2014. Inclusion criteria were history of thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection, non-palpable recurrent disease in the resection bed on surveillance, and ultrasound-guided needle localization of recurrent disease before resection. Perioperative data and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Seventeen patients were identified using the inclusion criteria listed above. Median patient age was 46 years (53% male, 47% female). A total of 23 masses in the previous operative bed were needle-localized successfully with no major long-term sequelae from this technique. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was involved with tumor in six patients. Two patients, in whom the tumor surrounded the nerve circumferentially, experienced recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. No patients experienced postoperative hypocalcemia. With a routine surveillance and a median follow-up of 558 days, sixteen of the patients remain with no evidence of disease. Conclusions: Preoperative ultrasound-guided needle localization of non-palpable recurrent operative bed disease after thyroidectomy and/or neck dissection is a potentially safe method to aid in resection and cure.
The role of stereotactic biopsy in abnormal mammograms.

For many nonpalpable breast abnormalities detected by mammography, a percutaneous stereotactic breast needle biopsy can be used to provide a diagnosis less invasive and less costly than traditional surgical excisional biopsy. Radiologists performing stereotactic core biopsy should ensure that a lesion has been sampled sufficiently, particularly in the case of microcalcifications. Five or more core biopsy samples are obtained when sampling solid masses, and 10 or more core biopsies may be necessary for lesions depicted as microcalcifications. Following an imaging-guided core breast biopsy, it is critically important to correlate the pathologic findings with the initial mammographic diagnosis. Complications following core biopsy, regardless of the number of samples obtained, are uncommon. In the current environment of health care cost containment, increased use of stereotactic core breast biopsy is expected as a substitute for surgical excisional biopsy.
Brexit, Trump and the special relationship

The unexpected victories of Donald Trump in the United States 2016 Presidential campaign and of the Leave campaign in the British referendum on membership in the European Union have important similarities in terms of campaign strategy, rhetoric and social bases of support. They are exemplars of a wave of right-wing populism that has swept across advanced democracies. The triumph of Brexit also raises questions about the future relationship between the United Kingdom and United States. While it is too early to be certain about either the impact of Brexit or the future direction of the Trump Administration, and despite ties between the Trump Administration and British politicians who campaigned for or subsequently supported Brexit, the United Kingdom could become much less useful as a diplomatic and economic partner to the United States after leaving the European Union.
Cost-effectiveness of digoxin, pacing, and direct current cardioversion for conversion of atrial flutter in neonates.

IntroductionNewborn atrial flutter can be treated by medications, pacing, or direct current cardioversion. The purpose is to compare the cost-effectiveness of digoxin, pacing, and direct current cardioversion for the treatment of atrial flutter in neonates.Materials and methodsA decision tree model was developed comparing the efficacy and cost of digoxin, pacing, and direct current cardioversion based on a meta-analysis of published studies of success rates of cardioversion of neonatal atrial flutter (age<2 months). Patients who failed initial attempt at cardioversion progressed to the next methodology until successful. Data were analysed to assess the cost-effectiveness of these methods with cost estimates obtained from 2015 Medicare reimbursement rates. RESULTS The cost analysis for cardioversion of atrial flutter found the most efficient method to be direct current cardioversion at a cost of $10 304, pacing was next at $11 086, and the least cost-effective was digoxin at $14 374. The majority of additional cost, regardless of method, was from additional neonatal ICU day either owing to digoxin loading or failure to covert. Direct current cardioversion remains the most cost-effective strategy by sensitivity analyses performed on pacing conversion rate and the cost of the neonatal ICU/day. Direct current cardioversion remains cost-effective until the assumed conversion rate is below 64.6%. CONCLUSION The most cost-efficient method of cardioverting a neonate with atrial flutter is direct current cardioversion. It has the highest success rates based on the meta-analysis, shorter length of stay in the neonatal ICU owing to its success, and results in cost-savings ranging from $800 to $4000 when compared with alternative approaches.
More than a warm body: assessing student class participation

Student participation in class is an important step in preparation for the communication skills needed in reference services. Participation involvement and assessment should extend beyond mere clas...
Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy for Barrett's Esophagus - Looking at the Fine Print.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition. The incidence of adenocarcinoma in BE has been reported to be between 0.1-3%. Dysplasia in BE is patchy and extensive biopsy sampling is labor intensive, low yield and does not eliminate the sampling error completely. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) is expected to enable endoscopists to do targeted biopsy of dysplastic/cancerous lesions (not visible on white light endoscopy) among patients with BE. We reviewed 7 studies with a total of 62 subjects who had undergone VLE. Of 34 patients with available data, VLE correlated with histology in 17 subjects (50%). It missed the underlying diagnosis in one subject (2.9%). VLE led to inadvertent biopsy in 16 patients (47.1%), and led or would have led to upstaging of disease in 11 subjects (32.4%). In the entire cohort, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of VLE for diagnosis of dysplasia, buried Barrett’s or intramucosal carcinoma was 92.3%, 23.8%, 42.9% and 83.3%, respectively. High sensitivity and NPV can potentially help space out the surveillance intervals. Low specificity does lead to a high number of biopsies, which are likely less than non targeted biopsies. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy is a safe and sensitive test to identify mucosal lesions in patients with BE which are invisible under standard white light endoscopy.Abbreviations: BE: Barrett’s Esophagus; BB: Buried Barrett’s; EAC: Esophageal adenocarcinoma; EDS: Evans Dysplasia Score; EMR: Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; GERD: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease; HGD: High grade dysplasia; IMC: Intra-mucosal adenocarcinoma; LGD: Low grade dysplasia; NBI: Narrow Band Imaging; OCT-SI: Optical Coherence Tomography Scoring Index; RFA: Radiofrequency ablation; SGS: Sub-squamous glandular structures; VLE: Volumetric Laser Endomicroscopy; WLE: White Light Endoscopy.
Production and Distribution of Nauplii and Recruitment Variability -- Putting the Pieces Together

The natural rate of production of copepod nauplii depends on adult fecundity and abundance. The former appears to be frequently food-limited, and this limitation can affect both potential fecundity (stored reserves of the female) and realized rate of egg production (reflecting quantity and quality of present food). Naupliar growth and mortality rates are known for only a few natural marine populations, and hence there are few direct measurements of secondary production due to nauplii. Examples from the California Current illustrate scales of variability in horizontal, vertical, and temporal distributions of nauplii (particularly Calanus pacificus) relative to the more frequently sampled adults. A significant problem, whose solution will depend partly on advances in the technology for identifying age categories of particular species, is to link causally the variability of populations on several scales of space and time with the important influences at each scale, be these behavioral or due to the physical, chemical, or biotic environment, and to connect variability on small scales to that on large.
Can a Professional Limit Liability Contractually Under Florida Law

Florida law is currently unclear on the issue of whether a professional may rely upon a limitation of liability clause in a professional services contract. Limitation of liability clauses are common in business contracts, especially in construction, a field that includes many professionals such as engineers and architects. While Florida has historically enforced limitation of liability clauses in professional services contracts, recent cases have cast doubt on whether the clauses are enforceable. If the Florida Supreme Court establishes that professionals cannot rely upon these clauses, it will be taking a position contrary to the majority of states, including New York, California, and Texas, all of which enforce limitation of liability clauses with varying degrees of restriction. This Note argues that Florida should not prohibit professionals from using limitation of liability clauses. These clauses do not violate public policy when, as already required by Florida law, the clauses are stated clearly, ensuring that both parties to the contract are aware of their existence. Permitting professionals to continue to rely upon limitation of liability clauses honors the contracting parties’ freedom of contract. Additionally, limitation of liability clauses provide an efficient method for parties to allocate risk. INTRODUCTION 1352 I. CLAUSES THAT LIMIT LIABILITY GENERALLY 1354 A. Limitation of Liability in Contracts That Are Not for Professionals’ Services 1354 B. Exculpatory Clauses 1356 II. WHO QUALIFIES AS A PROFESSIONAL? 1357 III. PRIMARY FLORIDA CASES 1358 ∗ J.D., 2013, University of Florida Levin College of Law. Thanks to the members and staff of the Florida Law Review as well as a special thanks to Amy Levenberg for her suggestions in writing this Note. 1 Terwilleger: Can a Professional Limit Liability Contractually Under Florida La Published by UF Law Scholarship Repository, 2013 1352 FLORIDA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 65 IV. HOW OTHER STATES HAVE DEALT WITH LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CLAUSES AND PROFESSIONALS 1363 V. THE NATURE OF A PROFESSIONAL MALPRACTICE CLAIM AND LIMITING LIABILITY 1367 VI. PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES BEHIND ALLOWING PROFESSIONALS TO INCLUDE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CLAUSES 1369 A. Public Policy Considerations 1371 B. The Florida Supreme Court Has Not Established an Absolute Public Policy Prohibition of Limitation of Liability Clauses 1372 VII. FLORIDA SHOULD ENFORCE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY CLAUSES IN PROFESSIONAL SERVICES CONTRACTS 1374
The Ethical and the Meta-Ethical in Chinese High Cultural Thought

In the following very preliminary remarks shall focus on what seems to me to be a persistently recurring problematic or what some might even call an aporia in Chinese “high cultural” ethical thought. It is a problematic not peculiar to China and can be discerned within Indian thought and even in some strands of Western thought.
2.07 – In-House or Out-Source

Discovery chemistry is considered to be a core competency of many large pharmaceutical companies. Nevertheless, there are a number of reasons that companies seek to procure chemistry sourcing capacity and capabilities from contract service providers. To determine if and how to source a chemistry activity, it is important to establish what activities should be considered for analysis. It is then important to establish a framework by which each activity is evaluated for its ‘out-sourceability’ and its ‘offshoreability.’ Prior to sourcing an activity, it is important to develop a set of performance criteria or metrics to both set expectations and assess performance of the service provider. Lastly, it is important to consider that there are many pitfalls and risks associated with sourcing chemistry resources. By understanding these risks, it is possible to establish risk mitigation strategies to improve the odds that a sourcing relationship will bring the anticipated benefits to the parties involved.
Quantitative systems pharmacology: Extending the envelope through systems engineering

Abstract Breakthroughs in high-throughput technologies have provided vast information related to the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome that enable human physiology to be described mathematically. The collection of biological data at various organizationally complex levels may be translated into a network which describes how these genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites collectively function. Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models relate data from the -omics levels to an observable phenotype, associated with a disease and the impact of a drug on the disease, bridging the gap between cell-level biochemical pathways and systemic-level pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) models. This systems view promises to decipher the interactions between drug-response pathways and the homeostatic mechanisms of the host to be explored more extensively in healthy and diseased states. These multiscale models transcend the temporal and spatial scales to explain a drug's effect on the network and disease physiology, while also considering the influences of external stimuli such as environmental cues or social structure on systemic function. With appropriate implementation, the “one-gene, one-target, one-mechanism” paradigm is slowly replaced with a more detailed, mechanistic understanding. The concepts and example models presented throughout this chapter highlight the need for QSP in the development of new disease treatments. Although much work remains before human physiology and disease progression are fully understood, the current state of QSP models has successfully explored the link between drug exposure and systemic response.
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma verification level affects trauma center management of pelvic ring injuries and patient mortality

BACKGROUNDPelvic ring fractures represent a complex injury that requires specific resources and clinical expertise for optimal trauma patient management. We examined the impact of treatment variability for this type of injury at Level I and II trauma centers on patient outcomes.METHODSTrauma quality
Dialytic Therapy of Acute Kidney Injury

The management of patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) is largely supportive and includes renal replacement therapy (RRT). Available RRT modalities are intermittent hemodialysis (IHD); continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT); hybrid therapies, known as prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT); and peritoneal dialysis (PD). This chapter briefly reviews these dialytic options and the current evidence regarding the timing of RRT initiation, modality selection, and the practical considerations of the RRT prescription for AKI.
Prevention in Mental Health

The content of this book documents a keen commitment to and progress in the development of more effective assessment and treatment procedures for a range of childhood problems and disorders. However, even these innovations generally face the same problems as more traditional approaches. That is, it is costly to treat a mental health problem, and the “reach” of any psychotherapy intervention is limited by the nature of the delivery mode (Rappaport, 1977). Thus, the 1-hour-a-week office visit is often inadequate to affect the range of changes necessary to correct long-standing problems.
Phase Method: A More Precise Beam Steering Model For Phase-Delay Metasurface based Risley Antenna

A phase method is proposed specially for metasurface based Risley antennas, with which analytical solutions are obtained for both beam direction prediction and deflector orientation retrieval. The new method is compared with traditional paraxial approximation method to reveal their connections and differences. A phase-delay metasurface is simulated to verify the theoretical model. The prediction error of the phase method is only 1.2° at a large steering angle of 56°, and an improvement of 5.0° is achieved comparing with paraxial method. It is demonstrated that phase method is a more precise and appropriate method when phase-delay metasurfaces are utilized as deflectors in Risley antennas.
Democratizing LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging with Adaptive Beamforming and Deep Convolutional Neural Network

The current standard photoacoustic (PA) imaging technology includes two hardware requirements: high power pulsed laser for light illumination and multi-channel data acquisition device for PA signal recording. These requirements have been limiting factors to democratize PA imaging because a laser is heavy, expensive and includes hazardous risk, and most parallel data acquisition technology is available only in specialized research systems. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of technologies that will enable safer and more accessible PA imaging, as well as introduce the use of safe and fast light emitting diode (LED) light sources in combination with clinical ultrasound machines. There are two limiting factors that prevent achieving this. First, clinical ultrasound machines typically only provide post-beamformed data based on an ultrasound delay function, which is not suitable for PA reconstruction. Second, a PA image based on the LED light source suffers from low signal-to-noise-ratio due to limited LED-power and requires a large number of averaging. To resolve these challenges, an adaptive synthetic aperture beamforming algorithm is applied to treat defocused data as a set of pre-beamformed data for PA reconstruction. An approach based on deep convolutional neural network trains and optimizes the network to enhance the SNR of low SNR images by guiding its feature extraction at different layers of the architecture. We will review and discuss these technologies that could be the key to advancing LED based PA imaging to become more accessible and easier to translate into clinical applications.
Evaluation of the Self-Report Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Sample of Urban Middle School Students: a Multidimensional Rasch Analysis

Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits are characterized by limited empathy, lack of guilt, and callous use of others. The Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU) is considered one of the most common measures of CU traits; however, psychometric properties of the ICU remain a topic of debate. The present study applied multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) to compare structural models of the ICU. The sample was composed of primarily African American (82%) urban, middle-school youth. We employed a partial credit model to compare 8 models, including 24-, 22-, and 18-item versions. Consistent with previous psychometric evaluations of the ICU among ethnic minority samples, model fit indices indicated that the 18-item, two-factor ICU structures best fit our data. These findings have important clinical implications, as they suggest that the standard three-factor structure of the ICU may not be the most appropriate when assessing ethnic minority youth.
A Multidimensional Analysis of Smart Energy Systems: Towards Developing a Common Framework for Assessing the Sustainability of Small-Scale Renewables in Selected Societal Sectors

The UK power sector is migrating from an old centralised network of large, mainly fossil-fuel-based generating stations towards a more dynamic energy ecosystem with new entrants generating and actively managing their consumption. This is occurring at a time when electricity system participants are searching for solutions to tackle three criticalities known as the “energy trilemma”: de-carbonising, securing long-term supply resilience and affordability. The wider context is that energy is a fundamental part of UK society. The inability to access clean, reliable sources of affordable energy is a barrier to securing development which is sustainable. However, there is limited published research which takes a comprehensive approach to assessing whether the impact of changes to the UK power system are contributing to sustainable development. This research is therefore focused on an evaluation of sustainability through the investment decisions of stakeholders in respect of solar photovoltaics (solar PV) and other Distributed Energy Resources, in the UK context. This research considers the “sustainability impact” within three sectors: the public, private and third sectors. Relevant metrics and benchmarks will be considered against the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) whilst also exploring the “real” value to society.
Cornelia De Lange Syndrome

The Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), also termed the Brachmann-de Lange syndrome (BDLS), is a complex dominant developmental disorder that is defined by characteristic facial features, mental and growth retardation, and limb, cardiac, gastrointestinal, audiologic, ophthalmologic, and genito-urinary abnormalities. IQs range from 30 to 86 with an average of 53. Many individuals demonstrate autistic behavior, including self-destructive tendencies, and they may avoid or reject social interactions and physical contact. Mutations in two genes involved in the chromosomal cohesin complex, NIPBL, SMC1A and SMC3, have been found to be causative of CdLS in over half of cases.
Evaluating the Cost of Prevention Programming and Universal Screening with Discrete Event Simulation

Discrete Event Simulation (DES) is a novel system modeling technique that allows for the evaluation of the potential costs and personnel needed for mental health services in school. A case study is presented to illustrate how DES could be used by a school’s decision makers to help plan for implementation of an integrated mental health service model. Discrete Event Simulation was used to model the personnel, time, and costs of an integrated mental health service model within a school setting. In addition, costs are calculated and then compared to a business as usual model. Data from the present investigation indicate substantial cost savings of implementing a prevention oriented mental health intervention model within a school setting. In a school of 1000 students, the prevention model could result in an annual cost savings of approximately $30,000 as well as a 50% reduction in disciplinary referrals and 22% reduction in suspensions. Results from the present investigation indicate substantial savings in financial resources and overall numbers of disciplinary infractions when implementing a prevention model. The DES allows for customization of personnel and time to modify the model and resulting output to local conditions. These data may allow school administrators to modify resources to meet student needs. In addition, cost data can help address some of the common implementation barriers associated with adoption of universal screening and preventative mental health services.
Considering Catholics: an exploration of the literature available on religious identity development

Identity development is an important developmental task impacted by many facets of a person’s life, including ethnic background, abilities, and religion. Notwithstanding its decisive role in identi...
Peer-focused prison reentry programs: Which peer characteristics matter most?:

Over the past two decades, recidivism rates have remained relatively stable, leading practitioners to explore innovative reentry solutions. One reentry model, based on the concept of peer mentorshi...
Reconsidering the Design of a Learning Design Studio

In this chapter, we introduce a graduate-level Learning Design Studio (LDS) course and discuss how core practices inform a redesign of the resident course for a hybrid offering. We begin with an overview of the theoretical framework for LDS (from the course instructors’ perspectives) and compare the framework with recent students’ experiences of the face-to-face offering of LDS. Using a transcendental–phenomenological approach, we uncover two emergent themes related to students’ experiences. Students recognize and value the (1) increased emphasis on authentic context and (2) peer interaction in LDS. The implication of these findings is established by analyzing the instructors’ perspectives in relation to students’ experiences. We identify two core practices as central to LDS and acknowledge that these practices should be the focus of a redesign of LDS for a hybrid offering. First, LDS involves computational competence activities that are differentiated according to students’ needs. Second, LDS involves students engaging in peer collaboration. While the affordances of online environments present challenges, especially in relation to peer collaboration, we do see opportunities to build upon the strengths of online environments in relation to the first core practice of LDS. We conclude by offering suggestions and next steps in our work that could be transferred to other LDSs.
In-Plane Anisotropy in Mono- and Few-Layer ReS2 Probed by Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is a semiconducting layered transition metal dichalcogenide that exhibits a stable distorted 1T phase. The reduced symmetry of this system leads to in-plane anisotropy in various material properties. Here, we demonstrate the strong anisotropy in the Raman scattering response for linearly polarized excitation. Polarized Raman scattering is shown to permit a determination of the crystallographic orientation of ReS2 through comparison with direct structural analysis by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Analysis of the frequency difference of appropriate Raman modes is also shown to provide a means of precisely determining layer thickness up to four layers.
Using dissociation energies to predict observability of b- and y-peaks in mass spectra of short peptides.

RATIONALE Peptide identification reliability can be improved by excluding from analysis those m/z peaks of candidate peptides which cannot be observed in practice due to various physical, chemical or thermodynamic considerations. We propose using dissociation energies (as opposed to proton affinities) as a predictor of observability of different m/z peaks in spectra of short peptides. METHODS Mass spectra of the tetrapeptides AAAA, AAFA, AAVA, AFAA, AVAA, AFFA, and AVVA were measured in the collision-induced dissociation (CID) activation mode on a grid of activation times 0.05 to 100 ms and normalized collision energy 10 to 35%. The lowest energy geometries and vibrational spectra were calculated for the precursor ions and their charged and neutral fragments using density functional theory (DFT) at the TPSS/6-31G(d,p) level. Dissociation energies were calculated for all fragmentation channels leading to b- or y-fragments. RESULTS It is demonstrated that m/z peaks observed in the mass spectra correspond to the fragmentation channels with the lowest dissociation energies. Using 50 kcal/mol as the cut-off value of dissociation energy, it was predicted that 28 out of 42 possible peaks in the b- and y-series of the seven tetrapeptides can be observed in mass spectra. In the experiments, 26 b- or y-peaks were observed, all of which are among the 28 predicted ones. CONCLUSIONS The use of dissociation energies generalizes the use of proton affinities for semi-quantitative predictions of relative intensities of different m/z peaks of short peptides. Further advances in this direction will pave the way for reliable quantitative predictions and, hence, for a significant improvement in robustness and accuracy of peptide and protein identification tools. Published in 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Programming Language Pragmatics

Part I Foundations 1. Introduction 2. Programming Language Syntax 3. Names, Scopes, and Bindings 4. Semantic Analysis 5. Target Machine Architecture Part II Core Issues in Language Design 6. Control Flow 7. Data Types 8. Subroutines and Control Abstraction 9. Data Abstraction and Object Orientation Part III Alternative Programming Models 10. Functional Languages 11. Logic Languages 12. Concurrency 13. Scripting Part IV A Closer Look at Implementation 14. Building a Runnable Program 15. Code Improvement Appendix A. Programming Languages Mentioned Appendix B. Language Design and Language Implementation Appendix C. Numbered Examples Bibliography Index
Design of smart home sensor visualizations for older adults

BACKGROUND Smart home sensor systems provide a valuable opportunity to continuously and unobtrusively monitor older adult wellness. However, the density of sensor data can be challenging to visualize, especially for an older adult consumer with distinct user needs. OBJECTIVE We describe the design of sensor visualizations informed by interviews with older adults. The goal of the visualizations is to present sensor activity data to an older adult consumer audience that supports both longitudinal detection of trends and on-demand display of activity details for any chosen day. METHODS The design process is grounded through participatory design with older adult interviews during a six-month pilot sensor study. Through a secondary analysis of interviews, we identified the visualization needs of older adults. We incorporated these needs with cognitive perceptual visualization guidelines and the emotional design principles of Norman to develop sensor visualizations. RESULTS We present a design of sensor visualization that integrate both temporal and spatial components of information. The visualization supports longitudinal detection of trends while allowing the viewer to view activity within a specific date. CONCLUSIONS Appropriately designed visualizations for older adults not only provide insight into health and wellness, but also are a valuable resource to promote engagement within care.
Power system state estimation

The sections in this article are 1 Problem Formulation 2 WLS Estimator 3 Implementation Issues 4 BAD Data Processing 5 Numerically Stable Estimators 6 Alternative State Estimation Methods 7 New State Estimation Applications
“A Literature Review of Women and The Martial Arts: Where are We Right Now?”

Women who participate in male dominated sports engage in sport that is framed from a gendered ideology. Sports, within this society, is identified as masculine and, as a result, values masculine characteristics. Femininity, women in particular, have been marginalized. The focus of this paper is to examine the female martial arts practitioner within a gendered society. As Title IX has enabled women to gain access to participate in sports, it has yet to fully challenge dominate gender ideology. The female martial arts practitioner not only has to battle masculine traits within the martial arts studio, but also within gendered norms. Unfortunately, the research focusing on the experience of female martial arts practitioners is limited; however, when they are examined these women are either placed in the margins or in gendered terms. Upon further examination, the female martial arts practitioner challenges the gender norm in a unique manner; she questions the male as protector and the female as victim.
Spin-Independent alternant systems

Spin-independent alternant systems are analyzed using the alternancy symmetry adapted (ASA) approach. This approach is based on an explicit construction of ASA operators that either commute (altemant) or anticommute (antialternant) with the particle-hole symmetry operator K. The method yields an explicit construction and identification of all spin-independent Hamiltonians that describe altemant systems (neutral and/or ionic) as well as an explicit identification of all linear properties characteristic to these systems. It also establishes the connection between the spin-eigenstates and the particle-hole symmetry.
Gel filtration of mitochondrial membrane proteins dissolved in chloroform-methanol.

Abstract 1. 1. The use of chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) as solvent for mitochondrial membrane protein has been investigated. 2. 2. Sephadex G-75, G-100, G-200 after exhaustive methylation swell readily in chloroform-methanol and still act as a molecular sieve. 3. 3. Gel filtration, using methylated Sephadex G-100 in chloroform-methanol, achieved a separation of the main components of mitochondrial membrane protein as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
P‐187: Crosslinkable Hole‐Transporting Polymers for High Efficiency Blue and White Phosphorescent Light‐Emitting Diodes

Second hole-transport layer (HTL) with perfect solvent-resistance is formed via spin-coating then thermally crosslinking on top of a pre-crosslinked HTL or p-type conducting polymer layer. By judiciously choosing the energy levels of the hole-transport moieties, cascade hole-injection can be realized for a light-emitting layer with phosphorescent blue emitters (and white thereafter).
Antitumor effects of palm carotenes and tocotrienols in HRS/J hairless female mice

Abstract The effect of palm carotenes (PC) and palm tocotrienols (T3) on the development of papilloma (chemical-induced skin cancer) and lymphoma (viral-induced lymph cancer) was studied in genetically recessive HRS/J female hairless mice. The two T3 groups had delayed response (2–4 weeks) to subcutaneous lymphoma (SL) formation when compared to the +ve Control group. The order of this SL inhibition phenomenon by PC in the feed was concentration dependent; 0.3% PC > 0.1% PC > 0.05% PC groups. The onset of SL in 0.3% synthetic carotene (SC) group was sooner than the 0.3% PC group. The +ve Control mice had significantly higher (>2-fold) epithelial papilloma (EP) than the next group, 0.1% T3. All the PC groups completely inhibited EP formation after the mice were 7 months old. The “no EP” groups (0.1% PC, 0.3% PC, mixed, 0.3% SC) responded as if there was no application of DMBA-croton oil. Mechanisms of inhibition by T3 and PC were different. The T3 groups delayed but not regressed SL formation but the PC groups caused SL regression in a concentration dependent fashion. The 0.3% PC group showed the strongest antitumorigenic effect (and the least toxic effect with respect to mortality) while the 0.1% T3 group showed the least antitumorigenic effect to SL and EP formation.
Capillary forces between two spheres with a fixed volume liquid bridge: theory and experiment.

Capillary forces are commonly encountered in nature because of the spontaneous condensation of liquid from surrounding vapor, leading to the formation of a liquid bridge. In most cases, the advent of capillary forces by condensation leads to undesirable events such as an increase in the strength of granules, which leads to flow problems and/or caking of powder samples. The prediction and control of the magnitude of capillary forces is necessary for eliminating or minimizing these undesirable events. The capillary force as a function of the separation distance, for a liquid bridge with a fixed volume in a sphere/plate geometry, was calculated using different expressions reported previously. These relationships were developed earlier, either on the basis of the total energy of two solid surfaces interacting through the liquid and the ambient vapor or by direct calculation of the force as a result of the differential gas pressure across the liquid bridge. It is shown that the results obtained using these met...
Xenopus laevis oocytes contain endogenous large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels

Xenopus laevis oocytes have become a pre-eminent tool for studying cloned ion channels, primarily because they intrinsically express low levels of most types of ion channels. However, when these cells are used for single channel studies, it is essential to determine whether or not oocytes contain even low levels of endogenous ion channels with properties similar to the channel being investigated. We show here that X. laevis oocytes express endogenous large-conductance Ca2(+)-activated K+ channels with properties similar to mammalian isoforms of this channel. The endogenous channels exhibit a voltage-dependence of 12-14 mV per e-fold change in open probability (po), can be activated by micromolar Ca2+ concentrations, and have a single channel conductance of approximately 200 pS in symmetrical 110 mM K+ solutions. Patch clamp experiments indicate that this endogenous channel is present at low densities (approximately 1 channel/3000 microns2). If endogenous channel subunits can form functional tetramers with other exogenous potassium channel subunits, then they will give rise to the expression of a heterogeneous channel population. Therefore, studies involving the heterologous expression of large-conductance Ca2(+)-activated K+ channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes require careful analysis and interpretation.
Cancers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Although the exact incidence of cancers in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children is not clear, an excess of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and soft tissue tumors as well as a multitude of otherwise rare tumors in childhood, such as cervical, thyroid, or pulmonary carcinoma, has been reported. In contrast to the findings in HIV-infected adults, Kaposi's sarcoma is rare in children in industrialized countries but not in children living in the sub-Saharan area. Treatment of the neoplastic disease is often complicated by multiple HIV-associated organ dysfunctions as well as drug interactions and infectious complications secondary to severe immunosuppression. Nonetheless, preliminary results with dose-intensive, but brief, chemotherapeutic regimens have been encouraging, and HIV-infected children who develop cancer are likely to benefit from aggressive treatment combined with adequate supportive care. Furthermore, insights gained from the study and treatment of this very challenging group of patients may benefit other immunocompromised hosts as well as increase our understanding of oncogenesis in general.
Stability and diversity of ecological communities

MAY1 drew an analogy between large randomly connected cybernetic networks2,3 and ecosystems. His analysis of stability criteria for such networks seems to contradict the traditional ecological hypothesis that ecosystem diversity contributes to functional stability4–7. May's analytical solution for large matrices in which each element by itself is stable showed that1 “too rich a web connectance or too large an average interaction strength leads to instability. The larger the number of species, the more pronounced the effect”. As the number of elements in the matrix increases, the transition region between stability and instability becomes increasingly narrow1–3. Thus, a complex system perched near this transition region is subject to a self-generating catastrophe upon only a minor modification of system parameters. If these models are applicable to real ecosystems, they obviously have immense implications for resource management as well as ecological theory. I report here an application of May's conclusion to a real ecological system.