cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The golden hours of the myocardial infarction: nonthrombolytic interventions.

Emergency care of patients with acute myocardial infarction requires active decision making to use agents that may improve morbidity and mortality. Thrombolysis remains the primary tool to accomplish this goal. Other pharmacologic agents, including lidocaine, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, β -blockers, and aspirin, have been used acutely in myocardial infarction in the hopes of preventing death and salvaging myocardium. The decision to select one or all of these agents requires a knowledge of the clinical evidence of their efficacy and risk-to-benefit ratios. The clinical studies of the use of these agents acutely in the management of myocardial infarction are reviewed.
Management of Thromboembolism in Pregnancy

The incidence of venous thromboembolism is increased during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This risk is high for women with documented hereditary or acquired risk factors who have experienced a prior thrombotic event. These individuals require a minimum of prophylactic dose anticoagulation with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy, with anticoagulation continuing for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Women receiving therapeutic dose anticoagulation with warfarin before pregnancy for a hereditary or acquired condition should be transitioned to therapeutic doses of unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin before or within 6 weeks of becoming pregnant, and can then resume warfarin postpartum. Women experiencing a thromboembolic event during pregnancy should receive therapeutic treatment with unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin during pregnancy, with anticoagulation continuing for 4 to 6 weeks postpartum, and for a total of at least 6 months.
Spatial, temporal and geographic considerations of the problem of rock varnish diagenesis

article i nfo The rock varnish literature hosts an abundance of prima facie contradictory empirical data. Past and perhaps future empirical contradictions, however, can be resolved by theoretical considerations of different spatial and temporal scales of varnish diagenesis, as well as the geomorphic position of different types of varnishes. For example, twentieth-century contamination by lead and other heavy metals has led to claims of accumulation rates in the last century far more rapid than prior published empirical studies. A consideration of spatial scales resolves this contradiction; nanoscale processes allow migration of lead into varnish deposited well before the twentieth century time of heavy metal pollution. Evidence of nanometer-scale disequilibrium in three samples led to claims that varnish cannot be used in paleoclimatic research; these data rest in contrast to replicable patterns in varnish deposition observed by Dr. Tanzhuo Liu and others in over ten thousand micro-sedimentary basins. This contraction can be resolved by understanding that the types of varnishes studied differ and that processes differ substantially between the nanoscale and the micron scale. A lack of evidence of Mn-oxidizers in genetic analyses contrasts with culturing studies and in situ evidence of Mn-enhancement by bacteria. This contradiction has a likely resolution in vastly different temporal scales; DNA material analyzed may be no older than 200 years, but in situ fossilized remains of bacteria may be preserved for thousands of years recording palaeoecological conditions favoring growth of Mn-enhancing bacteria.
Pole-placement self-tuning control of a fixed-bed autothermal reactor. Part II: Multivariable control

The multiinput/multioutput pole-placement self-tuning controller (MIMO PPSTC) previously developed by McDermott and Mellichamp is used to control a fixed-bed autothermal reactor with internal countercurrent heat exchange. The performance of the controller is demonstrated using step changes in the set points and in the primary disturbance variables. It is shown that the complete temperature profile can be maintained by controlling two temperatures in the catalyst bed: one just before the hot spot and the other at the exit of the bed. Simulated results using a 36th-order nonlinear reactor model operating at both an open-loop upper stable steady state and an open-loop unstable steady state are presented. Experimental results for a fixed-bed autothermal reactor operating at an upper stable state are presented.
Singer polymals. I. Evaluation of matrix elements

Hamiltonian matrix elements between pairs of explicitly correlated Singer polymals are derived. A new method for 1/r12 matrix elements is found which avoids the 6 by 6 matrix inversion required at each quadrature point in the old method. The new formula requires about half the computer time of the old one. The electron repulsion and nuclear attraction matrix elements are shown to be related to incomplete elliptic integrals. Simplified formulas are derived for the special cases of cylindrical symmetry, spherical symmetry, and single-center expansions. An upper bound approximation formula for the purpose of neglecting matrix elements is derived. These bounds may be useful for single-center expansions but are found to be too high for the general case.
A Longitudinal Study of Elementary Pre-service Teachers' Mathematics Beliefs and Content Knowledge

This study investigated the mathematics beliefs and content knowledge of 103 elementary pre-service teachers in a developmental teacher preparation program that included a two course mathematics methods sequence. Pre-service teachers' pedagogical beliefs became more cognitively-oriented during the teacher preparation program with these changes occurring during the two methods courses. Pedagogical beliefs remained stable during student teaching. The pre-service teachers also significantly increased their personal efficacy for teaching mathematics throughout the program with these shifts occurring across both methods courses and into student teaching. Pedagogical beliefs and teaching efficacy beliefs were not related at the beginning of the program, but, in general, were positively related throughout the program. In addition, the pre-service teachers' pedagogical beliefs were positively related to their specialized content knowledge for teaching mathematics at the end of the program.
Dynamics of bacterial flow: Emergence of spatiotemporal coherent structures

We propose a simple model of self-propelled particles to show that coherent structures, such as jets and swirls, can arise from a plausible microscopic mechanisms: (i) the elongated shape of the self-propelled particles with (ii) the hardcore interactions among them. We demonstrate via computer simulation that these coherent structures, which emerge at sufficiently high densities of particles, have characteristics that are similar to those observed in recent experiments in bacteria baths.
Analytic representation of the Dirac equation

In this paper, we construct an analytical separation (diagonalization) of the full (minimal coupling) Dirac equation into particle and antiparticle components. The diagonalization is analytic in that it is achieved without transforming the wavefunctions, as is done by the Foldy–Wouthuysen method, and reveals the nonlocal time behaviour of the particle–antiparticle relationship. We then show explicitly that the Pauli equation is not completely valid for the study of the Dirac hydrogen atom problem in s-states (hyperfine splitting). We conclude that there are some open mathematical problems with any attempt to explicitly show that the Dirac equation is insufficient to explain the full hydrogen spectrum. If the perturbation method can be justified, our analysis suggests that the use of cut-offs in QED is already justified by the eigenvalue analysis that supports it. Using a new method, we are able to effect separation of variables for full coupling, solve the radial equation and provide graphs of the probability density function for the 2p- and 2s-states, and compare them with those of the Dirac–Coulomb case.
Calculation of Some Functions Arising in Problems of Queueing and Communications Traffic

Useful formulas are developed for the iterative calculation of the inverse of blocking probability for Erlang loss and Erlang delay systems, and for the determination of offered traffic and blocking probability for Erlang loss systems when the carried traffic and number of servers are given. These formulas which arise in many problems of queueing and communications traffic can be easily programmed. In tests they gave rapid convergence to high accuracy over a broad range of parameter values much greater than the range of usual display.
A Technique for Computing the PDFs and CDFs of Nonnegative Infinitely Divisible Random Variables

We present a method for computing the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a nonnegative infinitely divisible random variable X. Our method uses the Levy-Khintchine representation of the Laplace transform Ee ―λX = e ―φ(λ) , where φ is the Laplace exponent. We apply the Post-Widder method for Laplace transform inversion combined with a sequence convergence accelerator to obtain accurate results. We demonstrate this technique on several examples, including the stable distribution, mixtures thereof, and integrals with respect to nonnegative Levy processes.
Melt-intercalation of Sodium-Montmorillonite with Alkylamine and Quarternized Ammonium Salts of Sulfonated Polystyrene Ionomers

Na-Montmorillonite (Na-Mmt) was melt-intercalated with alkylamine and quarternized ammonium salts of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (SPS) with no other organic modification. Mixtures of SPS and polystyrene (PS) also exhibited similar intercalation, indicating that the ionomer was an effective compatibilizer for a non-polar polymer such as PS. The materials were mixed in a co-rotating, non-intermeshing twin-screw extruder. The intercalation was relatively insensitive to the melt processing conditions. The key variable appeared to be the ratio of charge between the ionomer and the clay. Intercalation was assessed by wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
CaMKIα Regulates AMP Kinase–Dependent, TORC-1–Independent Autophagy during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Neutrophilic Inflammation

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cytoplasmic process regulated by the energy rheostats mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP kinase (AMPK) that recycles damaged or unused proteins and organelles. It has been described as an important effector arm of immune cells. We have shown that the cytoplasmically oriented calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)Iα regulates the inflammatory phenotype of the macrophage (Mϕ). In this study, we hypothesize that CaMKIα mediates Mϕ autophagy. LPS induced autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal Mϕ that was attenuated with biochemical CaMK inhibition or CaMKIα small interfering RNA (siRNA). Inhibition of CaMKIα reduced LPS-induced p-Thr172AMPK and target of rapamycin complex-1 activity, and expression of a constitutively active CaMKIα but not a kinase-deficient mutant induced p-Thr172AMPK and autophagy that was attenuated by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that CaMKIα activates AMPK, thereby inducing ATG7, which also localizes to this CaMKIα/AMPK complex. During LPS-induced lung inflammation, C57BL/6 mice receiving CaMKIαsiRNA displayed reduced lung and bronchoalveolar immune cell autophagy that correlated with reduced neutrophil recruitment, myeloperoxidase activity, and air space cytokine concentration. Independently inhibiting autophagy, using siRNA targeting the PI3K VPS34, yielded similar reductions in lung autophagy and neutrophil recruitment. Thus, a novel CaMKIα/AMPK pathway is rapidly activated in Mϕ exposed to LPS and regulates an early autophagic response, independent of target of rapamycin complex-1 inhibition. These mechanisms appear to be operant in vivo in orchestrating LPS-induced lung neutrophil recruitment and inflammation.
Dimethacrylate monomers with varied fluorine contents and distributions.

Abstract Objectives: There are many unique properties associated with fluorinated polymers that make these materials attractive for use in the challenging oral environment. This study was devised to better define the influence of fluorine content and its structural distribution on properties of fluorinated resins and composites, especially with regard to their water-related and mechanical properties. Methods: A series of fluorinated dimethacrylate monomers was prepared by reaction of aromatic diepoxides with fluoroalcohols and subsequent conversion of the resulting diols to the methacrylates. Composites based on monomer systems comprised of the fluorinated monomers with 1,10-decamethylene dimethacrylate and reinforced with silanized quartz filler were evaluated for conversion, water contact angle, water sorption and diametral tensile strength. Results: By selection of reactants, fluorine was introduced as trifluoromethyl groups, extended fluoroalkyl pendant chains, or combinations of the two. Photopolymerization conversion among the experimental composites was generally equal to or greater than that of a conventional Bis-GMA/TEGDMA composite. While the water contact angles generally increased with fluorine content, no correlation was obtained between fluorine content and water sorption of the composites. The mechanical strength of the fluorinated composites showed a general decline with increasing fluorine content and consistent variations due to specific structural features. Significance: A versatile route to fluorinated dimethacrylates with diverse structural and fluorine distribution patterns is presented. Composites from these monomers are very hydrophobic but have relatively low mechanical strength. The monomers described can be considered as useful additives to moderate the water sorption of conventional resins. However, the results of this study point to specific fluorinated resin structures that are expected to provide a more optimal balance between hydrophobicity and mechanical strength that will improve the long-term performance of dental composites.
Some Properties of a Steroid-Binding Protein in the Plasma of an Ovoviviparous Dogfish, Squalus acanthias, at Different Stages of the Life Cycle

The steroid-binding properties of plasma from mature or embryonic dogfish, Squalus acanthias, were studied. A single protein from the plasma of both sexes binds estrogens, androgens, and progesterone with high affinity (10� -10� M�) and limited capacity (107M). The protein has a molecular weight of 150-180 X i0� dalton and a sedimentation coefficient of 8-9 S. Testosterone and 5a-dihydrotestosterone bind with higher affinity than estradiol-1713, but progesterone binds with an affinity similar to that of estradiol-1 713. Estriol, estrone, and corticosterone compete poorly for estradiol-1713 binding sites. No sex difference in either the association constant or the binding capacity was observed, and the binding capacity in female fish did not change during pregnancy. The binding specificity of Stage C embryonic plasma was shown to be identical to that of mature fish. However, the capacity of embryonic plasma for [3 HI -estradiol binding was half that of mature fish, with a slightly lower capacity being found in male embryos.
Using Multi-Function Teams in Business Process Design and Development: A Case Study

This paper presents the use of multifunction teams to design, develop and implement a merger and acquisition (M&A) process at a major Midwest utility company. Since the passage of the “wheeling” act in 1992, many states have passed laws that would free utility companies from regulatory requirements altogether. A predicted outcome of this deregulation process already being witnessed is the growing consolidation and shakeout in the utility industry. In order to position itself and gain competitive advantage in the new deregulated business environment, a major Midwest utility company charged a multifunction team to design, develop and implement a M&A process. Details of team structure, process, and the developed merger and acquisition process are discussed.
Plasma and intracellular ribavirin concentrations are not significantly altered by abacavir in hepatitis C virus-infected patients.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of abacavir on intracellular ribavirin triphosphate and plasma ribavirin trough concentrations. METHODS Hepatitis C virus-infected subjects who had been cured or failed prior treatment were randomized to 8 weeks of ribavirin alone (N = 14; weight-based dosing) or weight-based ribavirin + abacavir (N = 14; 300 mg orally every 12 h). Ribavirin trough concentrations were measured on days 14, 28, 42 and 56; PBMCs for ribavirin triphosphate determination were sampled on days 28 and 56, pre-dose and at 6 and 12 h post-dose. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01052701. RESULTS Twenty-six subjects completed the study (24 males, 17 Caucasians, median age 52 years); 2 were excluded for missed pharmacokinetic visits. Fourteen subjects received ribavirin + abacavir and 12 received ribavirin alone. Mean ± SD plasma ribavirin trough concentrations (μg/mL) on days 14, 28, 42 and 56, respectively, were not significantly different with coadministration of abacavir (1.54 ± 0.60, 1.93 ± 0.54, 2.14 ± 0.73 and 2.54 ± 1.05) compared with ribavirin alone (1.48 ± 0.32, 2.08 ± 0.41, 2.32 ± 0.47 and 2.60 ± 0.62) (P > 0.40). Mean ribavirin triphosphate intracellular concentrations (pmol/10(6) cells) on days 28 and 56, respectively, did not differ statistically between abacavir users (11.98 ± 9.86 and 15.87 ± 12.52) and non-users (15.91 ± 15.58 and 15.93 ± 12.69) (P > 0.4). Adverse events were mild or moderate, except for three grade 3 occurrences of transaminitis, cholecystitis and low absolute neutrophil count that resolved and were judged not attributable to study medications. CONCLUSIONS Abacavir did not significantly alter ribavirin or ribavirin triphosphate concentrations.
The Evolution of Same-Sex Marriage

The Evolution of the Law of Same-Sex Marriage reviews the development of the law governing same-sex spousal relations in the United States. It is the introductory article in the American Bar Association FAMILY ADVOCATE devoted to the legal issues in same-sex marriage and cohabitation, 32 Family Advocate 8 (No. 3, Winter 2010). The article notices the revolutionary but ever-developing change in the legal response to the negative court response to claims for marriage licenses by same-sex couples in the last decades of the 20th Century, to the first tentative positive rulings in Hawaii and Vermont, to the Massachusetts decision in 2003 legalizing same-sex marriage. Since then other jurisdictions have followed the lead of Massachusetts, including Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, the District of Columbia and Iowa. But this trend has also been offset by voter rejections of court or legislative approvals of same-sex marriage in California and Maine. The article also considers federal developments, especially the enactment of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and its negative impact of the parties to state-approved same sex marriages. The author, citing the Canadian experience, predicts that legislation such as the federal or state DOMA laws will in the long-run not permanently bar legal recognition of same-gender couples to enjoy the benefits and protections of civil marriage. The article also notes the gradual disappearance of the procreation argument against same-sex marriage, and attributes it to the general acceptance of assisted reproduction technologies by American law.
Ethics and the IRB

IRB permission is required for most research with people, including research regulated by the FDA or funded by the NIH. Typically, the scientist or scholar submits a proposal; the IRB approves it, rejects it, or returns it with instructions for changes. Most IRBs are situated in hospitals, government agencies, and institutions of learning (including universities, medical schools, and research institutes); the rest are independent, either nonprofit or for profit. All follow the same rules.
Theoretical Study of High Pressure Metallic Hydrogen

A study of the zero temperature phase transitions in hydrogen under megabar pressures using a first-principles total-energy method is presented. An anisotropic primitive hexagonal phase is found to be particularly stable relative to other monatomic phases for pressures between 4 and 8 megabars. Calculations of the vibrational frequencies show that this phase is unstable with respect to a distortion tripling the unit cell along the c-axis. Results for this distorted hexagonal phase will be presented, including a calculation of its superconducting transition temperature Tc.
Co-occurrence of substance use related and mental health problems in the Finnish social and health care system:

Aim: Many studies have noted that substance abuse and mental health problems often occur simultaneously. The aim of the work reported here was to study the co-occurrence of mental health problems and problems related to substance use in a sample of clients visiting the Finnish social and health care services for issues related to substance use. We collected background information on the clients and considered the parts of the treatment system in which these clients were treated. Data and methods: Survey data on intoxicant-related cases in the Finnish health care and social services were gathered on a single day in 2011. During the 24 hours of data collection, all intoxicant-related cases were reported and data were obtained for 11,738 intoxicant-related cases. In this analysis we took into account the clients’ background variables, mental health variables, information on the treatment type and the main reasons for the client being in treatment. The χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and binary logistic regressi...
Debating futures: Global trends, alternative visions, and public discourse

This article discusses the uneasy relationship between forward-oriented sociological research and public debate. It explores how implicit assumptions and explicit conceptualizations influence sociology’s ability to address the future. It argues that the stakes are not merely theoretical but also practical because methodological pre-decisions shape sociology’s relation to public debate and its abilities to tackle the emergent challenges of our time. Sociology was geared since its inception toward the collective reflection of not only present or past conditions of social existence but also of possibilities for change. While deterministic and expertocratic closures limited its potential, shifting epistemological, institutional, and social constellations allow the expansion, evasion, and re-emergence of open and contestable future orientations. Case studies related to climate change, globalization, social movements, values, and media are used to explore actual and potential contributions to public discourse.
Effect of Family,Life and Economic Status on Tuberculosis in Migrant Workers

Objective To explore the risk factors that cause tuberculosis among migrant workers in Qinhuangdao,and to provide the evidence for making out regional TB control measures. Methods Totally 240 migrant workers who suffered from TB were selected from the registered cases of TB control program in Qinhuangdao from 2006 to 2007. A matched case-control study method was designed to collect related data,and the factors that caused the disease were analyzed. Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,age and educational level between the cases and controls (P0.05). Life and mental stresses of the two groups showed statistically significant difference (P0.01). The number of family members,personal income,family income,and income of residential district were compared between the two groups,the difference showed statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusions Life and mental stresses,social and economic status are the risk factors causing tuberculosis among migrant workers. Taking comprehensive TB control measures may effectively prevent and control the disease.
Lymphocytes Transform into Plasma Cells and Produce Antibodies

The existence of antibody as a molecule capable of binding to the immunizing antigen was described in the late 1880s, yet the cell type responsible for the production of antibody was not definitively identified until almost 80 years later. During much of this time, immunologists considered a variety of cells, including macrophages and endothelial cells, to be capable of producing globulins with antibody activity; this resulted from the near universal belief that antigens provided a template that determined the structure of the antibody molecule. Simultaneously with studies identifying the small lymphocyte as the antigen-reactive cell, several approaches confirmed the plasma cell as the antibody-forming cell. These approaches included direct histological observation of antibody localization, cell transfer experiments, tissue culture of lymphocyte-rich and plasma cell-rich preparations, and observations performed following immunofluorescent staining. The derivation of antibody-forming plasma cells from small lymphocytes allowed immunologists to begin to answer questions about the molecular biology and genetics of antibody formation.
A Comparative Study of Application Performance and Scalability on the Intel Knights Landing Processor

Intel Knights Landing represents a qualitative change in the Many Integrated Core architecture. It represents a self-hosted option and includes a high speed integrated memory together with a two dimensional mesh used to interconnect the cores. This leads to a number of possible runtime configurations with different characteristics and implications in the performance of applications. This paper presents a study of the performance differences observed when using the three MCDRAM configurations available in combination with the three possible memory access or cluster modes. We analyze the effects that memory affinity and process pinning have on different applications. The Mantevo suite of mini applications and NAS Parallel Benchmarks are used to analyze the behavior of very different application kernels, from molecular dynamics to CFD mini-applications. Two full applications, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) application and a Lattice Boltzman Suite (LBS3D) are also analyzed in detail to complete the study and present scalability results of a variety of applications.
Pediatric Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Instrumentation

Pediatric minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has grown immensely in the last two decades. From the development of smaller instruments, pediatric minimally invasive surgery is constantly evolving to best suit the needs of the littlest of patients. Here we discuss the pediatric MIS early experiences, challenges and hurdles, instrumentation details, insufflation pressures and child physiology, and pediatric robotic experience. The goal is to provide an overview of each topic, and in doing so, we hope to shed light on the gaps and needs that exist within pediatric minimally invasive surgery.
Validation of a modern second-check dosimetry system using a novel verification phantom.

Purpose To evaluate the Mobius second-check dosimetry system by comparing it to ionization-chamber dose measurements collected in the recently released Mobius Verification Phantom™ (MVP). For reference, a comparison of these measurements to dose calculated in the primary treatment planning system (TPS), Varian Eclipse with the AcurosXB dose algorithm, is also provided. Finally, patient dose calculated in Mobius is compared directly to Eclipse to demonstrate typical expected results during clinical use of the Mobius system. Methods Seventeen anonymized intensity-modulated clinical treatment plans were selected for analysis. Dose was recalculated on the MVP in both Eclipse and Mobius. These calculated doses were compared to doses measured using an A1SL ionization-chamber in the MVP. Dose was measured and analyzed at two different chamber positions for each treatment plan. Mobius calculated dose was then compared directly to Eclipse using the following metrics; target mean dose, target D95%, global 3D gamma pass rate, and target gamma pass rate. Finally, these same metrics were used to analyze the first 36 intensity modulated cases, following clinical implementation of the Mobius system. Results The average difference between Mobius and measurement was 0.3 ± 1.3%. Differences ranged from −3.3 to + 2.2%. The average difference between Eclipse and measurement was −1.2 ± 0.7%. Eclipse vs. measurement differences ranged from −3.0 to −0.1%. For the 17 anonymized pre-clinical cases, the average target mean dose difference between Mobius and Eclipse was 1.0 ± 1.1%. Average target D95% difference was -0.9 ± 2.0%. Average global gamma pass rate, using a criteria of 3%, 2 mm, was 94.4 ± 3.3%, and average gamma pass rate for the target volume only was 80.2 ± 12.3%. Results of the first 36 intensity-modulated cases, post-clinical implementation of Mobius, were similar to those seen for the 17 pre-clinical test cases. Conclusion Mobius correctly calculated dose for each tested intensity modulated treatment plan, agreeing with measurement to within 3.5% for all cases analyzed. The dose calculation accuracy and independence of the Mobius system is sufficient to provide a rigorous second-check of a modern TPS.
Dissociation of Object and Spatial Visual Processing Pathways in Human Extrastriate Cortex

Publisher Summary Functional brain imaging provides one of the most promising methods for mapping the organization of the human visual cortices. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) that are associated with specific visual functions can be measured with positron emission tomography (PET). PET–rCBF studies allow a more precise identification of the locations of human visual areas than is possible with lesion studies. Functional brain imaging studies of normal human subjects also avoid possible confounding effects of brain lesions, such as compensatory reorganization of brain function. This chapter presents a PET–rCBF study in which dissociation is demonstrated between areas activated by an object vision task (face matching) and a spatial vision task (dot-location matching with rotation). In the study, face matching selectively activated a cortical region near the boundary between occipital and temporal cortex. Location matching selectively activated a cortical region in the superior parietal lobule. Relative to a control task, both tasks activated lateral occipital association areas.
POSTPARTUM AND PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION: PRESENTATION, CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOMES

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is the most common cause of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction and remains incompletely characterized to date. Methods: Records of all women enrolled in the Mayo Clinic “Virtual” Multi-Center SCAD Registry were reviewed to
A Learning Sciences Investigation of Game‐Based Structural Debriefing

Systems thinking skills have been recognized as part of the core science literacy, and more recently, as critical 21st century skills. While several studies have investigated how games can be used to facilitate students’ systems thinking skills, little is known about how teachers can design game-based curriculum. In this study, we investigate a pedagogical framework called Game-Based Structural Debriefing (GBSD) as a means for bridging affordances of games with curriculum activities that teach systems thinking. GBSD adapts standard systems thinking practices that have been established by the Systems Dynamics community. Using the design-based research method from Learning Sciences, we investigate the GBSD framework by working collaboratively with three middle school life science teachers.
RCAN1-Calcineurin Axis and the Set-Point for Myocardial Damage During Ischemia-Reperfusion.

RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the Ca2+-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin. It has been known for some time that deletion of RCAN1 in the mouse exacerbates ischemia/reperfusion-induced infarction in heart1 and brain.2 In this issue of Circulation Research , Parra et al3 elucidate an underlying mechanism. Article, see p e20 Calcineurin is a widely expressed serine/threonine phosphatase consisting of 1 catalytic and 1 regulatory subunit.4 This enzyme is activated by binding of Ca2+ to EF-hand motifs in the regulatory subunit and by calmodulin binding to the catalytic subunit. Calcineurin exerts pleiotropic effects including T-lymphocyte activation, neurite outgrowth, heart valve formation, skeletal myocyte differentiation, and cardiac and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. These effects are attributable primarily to calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of transcription factors (eg, NFAT [nuclear factor of activated T cells]5,6) resulting in their nuclear translocation and activation of various gene expression programs. Calcineurin, however, also acts on other substrates including structural proteins, receptors, channels, and signaling molecules.7 RCAN1, encoded by a gene in the Down syndrome critical region 1 on human chromosome 21, is enriched in striated muscle and brain.4 RCAN1 inhibits calcineurin through direct binding to its catalytic subunit. As might be expected from the actions of calcineurin, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of RCAN1 in mice inhibits cardiac hypertrophy elicited by pathological or physiological stimuli.8 Less expected are effects of RCAN1 on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cardiomyocyte-specific transgenic overexpression ameliorates myocardial damage in vivo, whereas the opposite is observed in mice with generalized RCAN1 knockout.1 Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin reverses this RCAN1-deficient phenotype showing that these effects of RCAN1 depletion are mediated by unleashing of calcineurin. So, what mechanisms connect RCAN1–calcineurin signaling with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (Figure …
Privacy for whom?: a feminist intervention in online research practice

As shifts in technology and culture have complicated traditional definitions of privacy, researchers need new approaches to navigating privacy in online contexts. In this article, we argue that the...
A probabilistic framework for multi-hazard risk mitigation for electric power transmission systems subjected to seismic and hurricane hazards

Many areas of the world are prone to multiple hazards that can be concurrent/non-concurrent and dependent/independent. Infrastructure systems located in such areas will likely be subjected to more ...
An Exploration of K-12 User Needs for Digital Primary Source Materials

With the rapid development of the global information infrastructure and networked multimedia systems, is it possible to make access to archival materials and their descriptions truly virtual, to make their use more diverse, and user interaction more effective? Part I of this article examines trends in K-12 pedagogical and curricular innovation that are leading to increased integration of primary sources, facilitated by new learning technologies, into the classroom. In Part II, the author argues that what is required is a conscious approach to the selection, representation, and presentation of digitized and digital archival materials, informed by sound empirical knowledge of the needs of targeted user groups. In Part III of this article, the author reports on research underway at UCLA exploring the needs of K-12 teachers and students, both for locating and using primary source materials, and for incorporating those materials into learning systems design. The author also speculates on the potential of Encod...
Reasons why women do not initiate breastfeeding: A southeastern state study.

Purpose Despite the increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration in the United States, only five states have met the three Healthy People 2010 breastfeeding objectives. Our objectives are to study women's self-reported reasons for not initiating breastfeeding and to determine whether these reasons vary by race/ethnicity, and other maternal and hospital support characteristics. Methods Data are from the 2000–2003 Arkansas Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, restricting the sample to women who did not initiate breastfeeding (unweighted n = 2,917). Reasons for not initiating breastfeeding are characterized as individual reasons, household responsibilities, and circumstances. Analyses include the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression. Results About 38% of Arkansas mothers of live singletons did not initiate breastfeeding. There was a greater representation of non-Hispanic Blacks among those who did not initiate breastfeeding (32%) than among those who initiated breastfeeding (9.9%). Among those who never breastfed, individual reasons were most frequently cited for noninitiation (63.0%). After adjusting for covariates, Hispanics had three times the odds of citing circumstances than Whites (odds ratio [OR], 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–7.18). Women who indicated that the hospital staff did not teach them how to breastfeed had more than two times greater odds of citing individual reasons (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.30–3.91) or reasons related to household responsibilities (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.19–4.36) as compared with women who indicated they were taught. Conclusions Findings suggest the need for targeting breastfeeding interventions to different subgroups of women. In addition, there are implications for policy particularly regarding breastfeeding support in hospitals.
The Critic’s Love of The Law: Intimate Observations on an Insular Jurisdiction

This article, which should not in any sense be taken to reflect the views of the Editorial Board of Law and Critique, argues that the political project of critical legal studies in England remains overwhelmingly in the future. Lacking academic identity, political purpose and ethical conviction, critical legal scholarship in England has been too insecure in its institutional place and too unconscious of its individual and collective desires to resist absorption into the institution. Critical legal studies – as distinct from feminist legal studies, gay and lesbian studies or critical race theory –has tended to teach and so reproduce the core curriculum in a passive and negative mode. Resistant, ostensibly for historical and political reasons, to self-criticism and indeed to self-reflection upon their institutional practices, critical scholars have ended up repeating the law that they came to critique and overcome.
Structure of the Λ-N weak interaction

Abstract The assumption that weak Hamiltonian transforms like a member of the octet is found inadequate to explain the structure of the interaction Λ + N → N + N obtained by Block and Dalitz. Inclusion of components of the 27 representation is found necessary.
Conventional Secularism and the Humanization of Islam: Theory and practice of religious politics in Iran

This article is a critical examination of a post-revolutionary Iranian discourse on secularism. This discourse seeks to offer a new understanding of Islam and reformulate its relationship with poli...
Chlorogenic Acid Increases Basal Tone with No Effect on Relaxation of Rat Ileal Smooth Muscles by Mechanisms Independent of PKG Mediated Effects on Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a dietary polyphenolic compound commonly present in coffee, fruits and vegetables. The pharmacological properties of CGA include antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammat...
Abstract 4666: p21CIP1 promotes mammary cancer initiating cells via activation of Wnt/TCF1/CyclinD1 signaling

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) generate and sustain tumors due to tumor initiating potential, resulting in recurrence or metastasis. We showed previously that knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor, p21CIP1, in the PyMT mammary tumor model, inhibits metastasis; however the exact mechanism remained unknown. Here, we show a pivotal role for p21 in potentiating a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. p21 knockout in PyMT mammary tumor cells suppressed tumorsphere formation, ALDH1 expression, and tumor initiating potential, that were in turn rescued by p21 overexpression. Consistent with these effects, p21 loss caused mesenchymal to epithelial transition that was accompanied by downregulation of Slug, Sox9, basal keratins and upregulation of luminal keratins and Claudin-3. Furthermore, p21 knockout suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling which was due to TCF1 downregulation. In turn, TCF1 knockdown in PyMT cells, attenuated Wnt signaling and tumorsphere formation. Interestingly, p21 rescue in p21 knockout cells, caused dramatic upregulation of Cyclin D1, consistent with known inhibition of Cyclin D1 nuclear export by p21. These data suggest that p21 promotes a cancer stem like phenotype via Wnt-TCF1 signaling along with direct upregulation of Cyclin D1 by p21. Citation Format: Rachel B. Hazan. p21CIP1 promotes mammary cancer initiating cells via activation of Wnt/TCF1/CyclinD1 signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4666.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma: Optimizing Locoregional Control With Elective Nodal Irradiation.

Abstract Purpose To review our institutional experience of treating cholangiocarcinoma using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods and Materials A total of 40 patients with intrahepatic (n = 25) or perihilar (n = 15) cholangiocarcinoma treated with SBRT were retrospectively reviewed. SBRT was delivered in 1 to 5 fractions with median dose of 40 Gy. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate cumulative incidence of local in-field, local out-of-field, regional, and distant failure. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were used to calculate overall survival (OS). Toxicity was scored using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Results The median follow-up time was 18 months. The 1-year incidence of local in-field, local out-of-field, regional, and distant failure was 8%, 23%, 13%, and 22%, respectively. Median OS was 23 months and 1- and 2-year OS rates were 69% and 39%, respectively. Patients with perihilar tumors had a 1-year incidence of regional failure of 24% and worse OS (P = .013). Patients with regional failure were more likely to develop distant metastases, 32% versus 19% at 1 year (P = .11). Acute grade 3 + hepatobiliary toxicity developed in 15 patients (36%). Conclusions In this series of cholangiocarcinoma patients treated with definitive SBRT, patterns of failure reveal that regional failures are not insignificant, particularly for perihilar tumors. Elective nodal irradiation of regional lymphatics should be considered when using SBRT. A prospective study of elective nodal irradiation in patients with perihilar tumors would further clarify whether this approach improves outcomes without increasing hepatobiliary toxicity.
Consumers’ Adoption of Fashion Robot Advisers: A Joint-Network Analysis

Drawing upon the theory of human-robot-interaction (HRI), this study examined which perceived characteristics of fashion robot advisors (FRAs) and consumers’ preconceptions of technology identify network differences in positive and negative adoption groups. We presented video clips of FRAs to a focus group and conducted personal interviews to explore the emergence of robots in fashion retailing. Based on the data (n = 464) collected via online survey, we built a joint-network model to identify important factors that differentiate negative and positive adoption groups. The results indicate that the FRAs’ perceived characteristics of social intelligence, humanlikeness, and knowledgeableness combined with the preconceptions of technological self-efficacy lead to positive adoption of FRAs. This study contributes to expanding the knowledge about fashion robotics in retailing and human-robot interaction. Furthermore, this study provides a new graphical approach to joint networks that conceptualizes fashion shoppers’ adoption of technology as a complex interplay of psychological attributes.
Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes as Genetic Modifiers of Cancer

Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular metabolism, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the initiation of apoptosis. These properties enable mitochondria to be crucial integrators in the pathways of tumorigenesis. An open question is to what extent variation in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) contributes to the biological heterogeneity observed in human tumors. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the role of mtDNA genetics in relation to human cancers.
Moisture analysis of an extratropical cyclone

The atmospheric water balance and precipitation regime of a moving cyclone are described. The coordinate system chosen is one that moves with the traveling storm system. The computation of the atmospheric water balance is done to yield the parameter precipitation minus evaporation as a residual. Good agreement is found between the water balance result and gauge data for three twelve-hour periods. A technique, based on the conservation of equivalent potential temperature, to determine the flow of mass and moisture within the storm system is described. The results show that the cyclone studied changed in structure from a statically unstable to a stable system over 36 hours. The distribution of rate of condensation as a function of cloud temperature is determined and a distinct change in character of this parameter is noted as the storm structure is altered.
A Case Study of the Collaboration in Mathematics between a Fourth-Grade Teacher and a Talented and Gifted Coordinator:

The purpose of this case study was to describe how a 4th-grade teacher and a TAG coordinator collaborated to improve services for advanced learners without the support of university faculty and with limited resources. Interviews, questionnaires, transcriptions of videotaped consultation sessions, and observations of classroom instruction showed that participants coplanned lessons, utilized collaborative teaching, and developed a close rapport. Service was provided directly through a pull-out model that offered little in the way of training the teacher for differentiating the curriculum. Moving to a more indirect model of service would require better communication of role and goal expectations between the two participants. However, given the shortage of resources in many schools and the highly competitive demands for time during the school day, implementation is “a long road” that is likely to be traversed over an extended time period.
Updates to the Schneidewind software reliability model in SMERFS

This paper describes research performed to augment the capabilities of the statistical modeling and estimation of reliability functions for systems (SMERFS) software suite. Enhancements to the Schneidewind software reliability model, which features optimal selection of failure data for predicting failure counts, were made to enable clearer interpretation of that model's results. These enhancements included the addition of risk assessment measures and modifications to the model's optimal point selection procedure. An analysis of an actual data set from a NASA Goddard Space Flight Center project that was used to validate these additions to SMERFS is included.