cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meaningful Work and Moral Worth

In general, meaningful work has been conceived to be a mat ter of institutional obligation and individual choice. In other words, so long as the institution has fulfilled its objective moral obligation to make meaningful work possible, it is up to the subjective volition of the indi vidual to choose or not to choose work that is perceived to be meaning ful. However, this conception is incomplete in at least two ways. First, it neglects the role of institutional volition; that is, it does not empha size enough that the institution's purpose itself can be meaningful (or meaningless). Second, the standard conception of meaningful work says surprisingly little about the moral obligation of the individual?to any one but the individual herself?to pursue meaningful work. The immedi ate and sustained responses to the September 11, 2001, attacks suggest that there is an important relationship between meaningful work and the moral worth of institutions and individuals. To explore that relationship, this paper examines stories of three jobs that tragically coincided on Sep tember 11, 2001 : broker, firefighter, and terrorist.
A 0.5-GHz to 2.5-GHz PLL With Fully Differential Supply Regulated Tuning

This paper describes a wide-range clock generation phase-locked loop (PLL) incorporating several features that make it suitable for integration in highly scaled processes. A fully differential supply regulated tuning scheme is used to combat power supply noise. The charge pump uses a resistor rather than an active current source to define the pumping current in order to reduce the charge pump flicker noise. Fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, the PLL occupies 0.15 mm2 die area and achieves a frequency range of 0.5 to 2.5 GHz. When operating at 2.4 GHz, the power consumption is 14 mA from a 1.8-V supply while the jitter is 2.36 ps rms
PURIFICATION OF METMYOGLOBIN REDUCTASE FROM BLUEFIN TUNA

Metmyoglobin reductase from bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) was purified by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration, ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. About a 940-fold purification was obtained. The activity was doubled in the presence of physiological concentrations of manganese. The enzyme was activated by ferric ions and iodide as well. Other ions tested, particularly copper and chloride, had an inhibitory effect.
Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus

Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus are highly aggressive tumors that rarely occur. A little more than 200 cases have been reported, many of which were single case reports. Only a few articles contained modest series from single centers for analysis. A review of 157 cases collected from the major series reported to-date show a clinical pattern with male preponderance (male:female ratio, 3:1) and a mean age of 54 years. Most patients presented with symptoms and signs of local compression. Almost 50% of these tumors were functionally active and were associated with endocrinopathies. Several histologic variants have been described, all with similar ultrastructural features. The biologic behavior of these tumors shows a direct relation to the degree of differentiation. Whenever possible, surgical resection is the treatment of choice as adjuvant therapy is controversial and has been used with variable success. Potential therapies exploit the presence of somatostatin receptors on a variety of these tumors. Use of radiolabeled Octreotide for radionuclide therapy has yielded tumor inhibition in animal models and may have clinical application. Fifty-one percent of the patients survived 3 years, 27% survived 5 years, and less than 10% survived beyond 10 years. Histologic grade, tumor extension, and early detection are the most important factors affecting survival. Other prognostic factors that impact outcome include presence of endocrinopathy, incomplete resectability, nodal status, and presence of distant metastasis.
Inhibition of Subsets of G Protein-coupled Receptors by Empty Mutants of G Protein α Subunits in Go, G11, and G16

We previously reported that the xanthine nucleotide binding Goα mutant, GoαX, inhibited the activation of Gi-coupled receptors. We constructed similar mutations in G11α and G16α and characterized their nucleotide binding and receptor interaction. First, we found that G11αX and G16αX expressed in COS-7 cells bound xanthine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) instead of guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate). Second, we found that G11αX and G16αX interacted with βγ subunits in the presence of xanthine diphosphate. These experiments demonstrated that G11aαX and G16αX were xanthine nucleotide-binding proteins, similar to GoαX. Third, in COS-7 cells, both G11αX and G16αX inhibited the activation of Gq-coupled receptors, whereas only G16αX inhibited the activation of Gi-coupled receptors. Therefore, when in the nucleotide-free state, empty G11αX and G16αX appeared to retain the same receptor binding specificity as their wild-type counterparts. Finally, we found that GoαX, G11αX, and G16αX all inhibited the endogenous thrombin receptors and lysophosphatidic acid receptors in NIH3T3 cells, whereas G11αX and G16αX, but not GoαX, inhibited the activation of transfected m1 muscarinic receptor in these cells. We conclude that these empty G protein mutants of Goα, G11α, and G16α can act as dominant negative inhibitors against specific subsets of G protein-coupled receptors.
Characteristic temperature of a tunneling-injection quantum dot laser

High temperature stability of threshold current has been predicted for the semiconductor quantum dot (QD) laser. An ideal situation would be temperature-insensitive threshold current density j0 i.e. the characteristic temperature (a widely-accepted figure of merit of any diode laser from the viewpoint of temperature-stability of its y'th) defined as T0=(partln jth/partT)-1. In this paper the authors study the effect of out-tunneling leakage of carriers from QDs and hence of recombination outside QDs on the T-dependence of j0. The authors show that, even in the presence of such leakage, T0 remains very high. The authors analyze T0 versus the parameters of a GalnAsP/InP heterostructure lasing near 1.55 mum.
Genetics and pulmonary medicine. 9. Molecular genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of ill health and is increasing in many parts of the world. It is one of the commonest causes of death and the only common cause of death which is increasing. COPD is characterised by a slowly progressive irreversible airflow obstruction that is due to a loss of lung elasticity resulting from parenchymal destruction and peripheral airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoking is currently a causal factor in more than 90% of patients in westernised societies, so environmental factors are clearly very important in the disease.1However, in Caucasians only 10–20% of chronic heavy cigarette smokers develop symptomatic COPD, suggesting that genetic factors are likely to be important in determining which cigarette smokers are at risk from developing airflow obstruction. Furthermore, some patients develop airflow obstruction at an earlier age, again suggesting that genetic factors may determine the progression of COPD. Patients who have a genetic deficiency in the anti-protease α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) have a very high risk of developing emphysema at an early age if they smoke, indicating the importance of genetic factors in some patients with COPD. Despite the clinical importance of COPD, relatively few studies have searched for genetic factors using modern molecular genetic techniques. There may also be differences in the prevalence of COPD in different ethnic groups, but these are difficult to separate from lifestyle factors. For example, the prevalence of COPD is apparently low in China and this cannot be entirely accounted for by a lower tobacco consumption.2 Anecdotally, COPD is uncommon in Chinese living in the USA which suggests that there may be genetic differences in the factors that protect against COPD. In Hawaii, the prevalence of COPD in Japanese-Americans smoking more than 20 cigarettes daily was 7.9% compared with 16.7% …
Molecular bioelectricity: how endogenous voltage potentials control cell behavior and instruct pattern regulation in vivo

In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, cell behavior is regulated by endogenous bioelectrical cues originating in the activity of ion channels and pumps, operating in a wide variety of cell types. Instructive signals mediated by changes in resting potential control proliferation, differentiation, cell shape, and apoptosis of stem, progenitor, and somatic cells. Of importance, however, cells are regulated not only by their own Vmem but also by the Vmem of their neighbors, forming networks via electrical synapses known as gap junctions. Spatiotemporal changes in Vmem distribution among nonneural somatic tissues regulate pattern formation and serve as signals that trigger limb regeneration, induce eye formation, set polarity of whole-body anatomical axes, and orchestrate craniofacial patterning. New tools for tracking and functionally altering Vmem gradients in vivo have identified novel roles for bioelectrical signaling and revealed the molecular pathways by which Vmem changes are transduced into cascades of downstream gene expression. Because channels and gap junctions are gated posttranslationally, bioelectrical networks have their own characteristic dynamics that do not reduce to molecular profiling of channel expression (although they couple functionally to transcriptional networks). The recent data provide an exciting opportunity to crack the bioelectric code, and learn to program cellular activity at the level of organs, not only cell types. The understanding of how patterning information is encoded in bioelectrical networks, which may require concepts from computational neuroscience, will have transformative implications for embryogenesis, regeneration, cancer, and synthetic bioengineering.
CATALYSIS USING RARE EARTH INTERMETALLICS

Catalytic studies of the reaction of CO and H2 to form hydrocarbons involving LaNi5 and other members of the RNi5 series have been extended to include the RCo5+δ, systems, the LaNix systems in which x ≠ 5, the ThNix systems with x ≠ 5 and the LaCox, HoCox and ThCox systems. The RCo5+δ systems show Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of the rate with a pronounced compensation effect, i.e., log of the pre-exponential factor varies linearly with the activation energy. In the LaNix and ThNix systems the most activity is observed when x = 2. For LaCox systems, activity increased monotonically with increasing x whereas with HoCox systems activity decreased monotonically with increasing x. ThCox systems exhibited a U-shaped activity curve. The highest activity was observed with Th7C03 for which 91.4% of CO was converted in a single pass through the catalyst bed at 350°C.
Robust implementation of distributed algorithms for control of distributed energy resources

This paper discusses the hardware implementation of distributed control strategies that could be used to enable the utilization of distributed energy resources for the provision of grid support services. Although the capacity of individual resources may be small, the large number of them present in many distribution networks suggests that under proper coordination and control, the collective capacity of the resources could provide useful system-level ancillary services. The software necessary to implement the control strategies is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy

Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, including women afflicted with catamenial epilepsy. Catamenial epilepsy is a form of epilepsy in which seizures are clustered around specific points in the menstrual cycle, most frequently during the perimenstrual or periovulatory phase. Although there are a number of standard and newer antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy, no specific drugs exist to treat catamenial seizures, which affect at least one in three women with epilepsy. Moreover, the molecular pathophysiology of catamenial seizures remains unclear. This article describes the pathophysiology, hormonal basis, diagnosis and treatment of perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy. Natural progesterone and synthetic neurosteroid replacement appears to be a suitable therapeutic approach for catamenial epilepsy.
A step ahead : Infant protection through maternal immunization

The concept of maternal immunization to prevent infectious diseases during a period of increased vulnerability in infants is not new and is supported by historical experience and carefully conducted studies of various viral and bacterial vaccines. Candidate vaccines should be minimally reactogenic, immunogenic, and safe for maternal immunization to be considered as a disease prevention strategy. The possibilities increase as more potential candidate vaccines for use during pregnancy become available, including conjugate meningococcal vaccines, parainfluenza virus type 3 purified subunit vaccines, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV vaccines. Additional research on the safety and efficacy of maternal immunization must continue to effect the development of infectious diseases in neonates and infants.
Bacterial Communities in Various Conditions of the Composting Reactor Revealed by 16S rDNA Clone Analysis and DGGE

Composting is an efficient and cost-effective process for organic waste treatment. In order to expand our knowledge regarding microorganisms in the composting reactor, bacterial community structures in a variety of composting processes were examined by 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) clone analysis including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), as a case study. As previously reported, the dominant bacteria consist of members of the order Bacillales in a typical composting condition with woodchips as the bulking agent. However, these aerobic bacteria decreased to 14%, and anaerobes or facultative anaerobes arose when the decomposition rate of organic compounds dropped following aggregation of the contents. In the composting reactor operated with plastic bottle flakes as bulking agent, the order Lactobacillales co-dominated with the Bacillales, regardless of reactor size, accounting for about 70% of the detected organisms during first week of the operation, gradually decreasing to about 30% with maturation of the composting process. Most species detected by clone analysis have not been cultivated, and may be VBNC (viable but non-culturable) species, implying symbiotic interactions among the microorganisms. In addition, the 16S rDNA-clone and DGGE methods are also introduced in this chapter.
The complexity involved in assessment of left main coronary artery disease.

About the size of the average cigarette butt, the left main coronary artery is a relatively small vessel, yet it is arguably 1 of the most valuable sections of real estate within the body. Since Herrick's description 100 years ago, we are well aware of the lethality of left main disease ([1][1]).
Would 'Junkholder Primacy' Reduce Junk Corporate Governance?

Government policies’ unintended consequences permitted corporate agents to disconnect economic ownership from control, exploit corporate governance doctrine, and alter historic capital extraction methods throughout the past thirty years. From 1981-2011, market returns reflected these problems and defied existing risk / return theories. Simply put, bonds counterintuitively outperformed stocks for a generation. This Article develops a paradigm-shifting framework in the scholarship concerning investor capital returns and corporate governance control mechanisms. To understand material causes of the problem, this Article examines empirical and theoretical data drawn from legal, economic, and financial literature to analyze a combination of primacy, corporate governance, agency costs, and value drivers.The analysis suggests that stockholders’ failure to exert sufficient greed in the face of statutory, regulatory, judicial, and other structural reforms led to the death of shareholder primacy. Because stockholders lost the fight for meaningful control of corporate governance and squandered their future ability to efficiently extract historically expected value from corporations, something must fill that void. To spur further research and dialogue on these matters, this Article forwards a disruptively innovative paradigm of junkholder primacy. Specifically, this Article concludes that ex ante negotiated junk bond contracts permit investors to assert primacy, regain governance controls, reduce agency costs, and extract high returns.
Building the Clinical Laboratory and Blood Bank in Developing Countries

Clinical laboratories in hospitals of developing countries vary in their extramural or foreign fiscal support, with mission hospitals being almost always underfunded. Often, they lack supplies, equipment, and an adequate supply of trained personnel. Many of these laboratories also lack the capability to repair and maintain complex electronic equipment. Furthermore, reconciling the expectations of the medical staff with the capability of the laboratory and its staff can prove problematic. In this article, we review a method to assess the needs of an institution and to integrate its goals with the limitations of the facility. We also review how to establish afunctional blood bank inventory and to manage and exploit the differences in segments of a blood donor population. The importance of education at all levels is emphasized.
Do violent movies scare away potential visitors

This study explored movie transportation's role in the relationship between movie watching and tourism. Based on the transportation theory, the results indicated that movie transportation (i.e., movie immersion) had a significant impact on the viewers' affective place images, cognitive place images, and visitation interest. Regardless of movie content, the more the movie viewers were transported, the more favorable impressions they had for the featured tourism sites and consequently the more interested they were in traveling to the target place. Moreover, the results also demonstrated that movie transportation did weaken violent movie content's influence. Particularly, for the highly transported audience, there were no significant differences between the movie groups in terms of their perceptions of place images. However, significant differences were found among the audience that was not well transported. Finally, this study found that both affective place image and cognitive place image could enhance the...
Deuterium Desorption and Host Interstitial Clustering in d-Irradiated Ni

Perturbed angular correlations measurements were made on 111In doped Ni after deuteron irradiation or deformation at 77 K. The irradiated samples provide evidence of deuteron desorption at 220 K as well as host interstitial clustering on 111In during irradiation.
Network Flows (NETFLO)

This chapter discusses a family of combinatorial algorithms that deal with network flow problems. Included as special cases in these problems are finding a maximum matching of a bipartite graph, discovering if a family of sets possesses a system of distinct representatives, computing the Dilworth number of a partially ordered set, finding the edge-connectivity or vertex connectivity of a graph, and determining if a given pair of vectors are or are not the row and column sum vectors of a matrix of zeros and ones, and if so, finding such a matrix, etc. All of these problems and many more can be solved with an amount of labor, which is a low power of the order of complexity of the problem, that is, the algorithm is in each case a very efficient method for handling the problem.
GOVERNANCE, LAW, RELIGION AND CULTURE

We proposed a model in which culture plays a dominant role, along with religion and legal origin, in determining the quality of governance in a country. We examined four dimensions of culture and four measurements of governance quality across 71 countries. Our empirical results demonstrated the dominant role played by culture, over and above religion and legal origin, in explaining governance quality. As culture is persistent and unlikely to be easily changed, efforts to improve governance quality might be doomed to failure in nations with cultural values that are hostile to good governance.
Managing uncertainty in macrocognition: a multi-disciplinary review and integration

Motivation. Uncertainty plays a major role in decision making and problem solving tasks in naturalistic environments and has received much interest across research disciplines. Research Approach. This poster provides a multi-disciplinary review of uncertainty. Findings/Design. Across disciplines, a view of uncertainty as an affective experience and as a resource that is managed and not always reduced has emerged. A framework rooted in group communication theory and emotion regulation is presented that outlines this process. Research limitations/Implications. Implications of this framework suggest that emotion regulation may be as important as the cognitive work performed by experts. However, these implications are in need of validation in applied contexts. Originality/Value. To date, there has been little cross-fertilization of ideas between the NDM and group communication communities of practice even though they investigate similar phenomenon. Take away message. Understanding complex phenomenon such as macrocognition in teams can be advanced by considering multi-disciplinary perspectives.
Mesenchymal stromal cells in spinal fusion: Current and future applications

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been a promising area of study for regenerative medicine. These cells can be harvested from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other areas allowing for autologous transplantation of these cells into the area of degeneration or injury. With the proper signals, these cells may be able to regenerate healthy tissue. Recent studies have yielded promising evidence supporting translational mesenchymal stromal cell applications particularly in spinal fusion surgery.
Complexity of medical decision-making in care provided by surgeons through patient portals.

Abstract Background Patient portals are online applications that allow patients to interact with healthcare organizations and view information. Portal messages exchanged between patients and providers contain diverse types of communications, including delivery of medical care. The types of communications and complexity of medical decision-making in portal messages sent to surgeons have not been studied. Materials and methods We obtained all message threads initiated by patients and exchanged with surgical providers through the Vanderbilt University Medical Center patient portal from June 1 to December 31, 2014. Five hundred randomly selected messages were manually analyzed by two research team members to determine the types of communication (i.e., informational, medical, logistical, or social), whether medical care was delivered, and complexity of medical decision-making as defined for outpatient billing in each message thread. Results A total of 9408 message threads were sent to 401 surgical providers during the study period. In the 500 threads selected for detailed analysis, 1293 distinct issues were communicated, with an average of 2.6 issues per thread. Medical needs were communicated in 453 message threads (90.6%). Further, 339 message threads (67.8%) contained medical decision-making. Overall complexity of medical decision-making was straightforward in 210 messages (62%), low in 102 messages (30%), and moderate in 27 messages (8%). No highly complex decisions were made over portal messaging. Conclusions Through patient portal messages, surgeons deliver substantial medical care with varied levels of medical complexity. Models for compensation of online care must be developed as consumer and surgeon adoption of these technologies increases.
Chapter 6 – Last but Not Least: Institutional Environment, Training Potential, and Other Scored Items

The two remaining major criteria used to evaluate a Ruth L. Kirschstein training grant are the Institutional Environment and the Training Potential. While the Institutional Environment has an explicit section in which the applicant and sponsor describe the educational and scientific environment, the quality of the Training Potential does not have its own explicit section. The Training Potential is determined through consideration of all parts of the grant and how they will combine to provide and overall training experience. In addition there are several other informational sections whose content contributes to the overall score: Activities Planned, Vertebrate Animals, and Research Sharing Plan.
Lactobacillus plantarum and natural fermentation-mediated biotransformation of flavor and aromatic compounds in horse gram sprouts

Abstract Bio-transformed volatile compounds in horse gram sprouts, Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 and Lactobacillus plantarum NCDO 1193 mediated as well as naturally fermented horse gram sprouts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with headspace solid-phase micro extraction. A total of 36 compounds, including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, sulfur containing compounds were identified in sprouts fermented for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days by mass spectral data, Kovats indices and comparing authentic standards. Fermentation-mediated volatile metabolites such as acetic acid, eugenol, benzyl alcohol (benzene methanol), acetoin, 2, 3-butanediol and ethyl palmitate were found to be the prime contributors to the sensory attributes of fermented samples. As the contents of alcohols, ketones, esters and phenols increased during fermentation, some aldehydes significantly decreased. For the first time, eugenol was detected in fermentation of horse gram, paving the way for new bioprocessing strategy for production of health beneficial aroma compound. Therefore, fermentation of horse gram sprouts enhances bio-transformed volatile composition derived from primary metabolites which has relevance for improving value-added flavor and health benefits from short chain fatty acids while integrating potential probiotic benefits.
Region-specific neuron recruitment in the hippocampus of brown-headed cowbirds Molothrus ater (Passeriformes: Icteridae)

Avian brood parasites do not raise their own young. Rather, they leave eggs and offspring in nests of other species. Finding potential nests to parasitize is mostly up to the female and requires enhanced spatial memory as the female must remember nest locations as well as whether each located nest is in the nest building, incubation or offspring provisioning stage. In many cases, enhancement of ecologically relevant spatial memory is associated with larger hippocampal volume compared to the sex, or a species, that does not have similar demand for spatial memory. Female brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), a parasitic species ubiquitous across North America, have greater hippocampus volume and new neuron recruitment as compared to male cowbirds and non-parasitic species. The present study reveals female cowbirds display greater new neuron recruitment compared to males specifically in the rostral hippocampal subdivision. It is still unclear, however, whether the function of new cells in the rostr...
Readiness to Help: How Students' Sexual Assault Awareness, Responsibility, and Action Correlate with Bystander Intervention Behavior

Abstract The transtheoretical model of change postulates that behavioral adoption is a result of individuals' readiness to change. Applied to prosocial bystander behavior, having greater sexual assault awareness, prevention responsibility, and action can explain students' readiness to intervene as bystanders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between students' readiness to help (RTH) and their reported prosocial bystander behavior in five sexual assault risk situations. Data were collected from undergraduate students at a northeastern university (n = 9358) in 2014. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that women's mean scores for RTH subscales of awareness, taking responsibility, and action were significantly greater than men's scores. ANOVA also revealed significant differences between students who did and did not intervene in risk situations, such that those with past prosocial bystander intervention behavior reported significantly greater RTH compared with those who did not in...
Effects of endotoxin on lipid metabolism

Endotoxin, via cytokines, induces marked changes in lipid metabolism which are now considered part of the acute phase response. The endotoxin induced hyperlipidemia may represent a nonspecific immune response that can decrease the toxicity of a variety of harmful biological and chemical agents and serve to redistribute nutrients to cells important in host defense. The endotoxin induced changes in lipid metabolism may therefore be beneficial.
Examples of Radioiodine Whole Body Scans

The purpose of this chapter is to help clinicians learn how to interpret radioiodine whole body scans. The figures in this chapter demonstrate a wide range of normal and abnormal findings (Figs. 1–19). The review article listed in the reference section presents a detailed description of artifacts and normal variants that may cause a false-positive interpretation of a whole body iodine scan (Shapiro 2000). Table 1 lists the basic questions that help direct scan review. Two questions require further explanation:
Impact of Bounded Delays on Resource Consumption in Packet-Switched Networks with M/M/1 Traffic

This chapter presents a closed form solution relating the impact of bounded delays on throughput in VoIP networks modeled by M/M/1. Traffic that exceeds the delay threshold is treated as lost throughput. The results addressed can be used in scaling resources in a VoIP network for different thresholds of acceptable delays. Both single and multiple switching points are addressed. Simulations support the analytical findings. The contents of this chapter have been published, in part, in [71].
Public Involvement in Natural Resource Development: A Review of Water Resource Planning

Water resources decisions are used to illustrate the role of citizen participation in policies that affect the environment. The historical development of local involvement is traced from the first canal and waterway development projects in the early 1800s. The relationship of the Corps of Engineers to the concept that water development growth is an inherent good is noted. The Corps has traditionally responded primarily to local officials and prominent businessmen whose interests were compatible with those of the Corps. Recent environmental concerns, while challenged by another elite group, have raised the awareness and subsequent opposition of rank-and-file citizens, who now question the need for continued growth at the expense of environmental and social quality. Increasing demands for public access to decision making has led to innovative ways of communication and information gathering. Criticisms of public input through hearings and other devices focus on how to determine the proper timing for citizen participation. Strategies, such as ''Fishbowl Planning'', are compared with traditional planning procedures; the conclusion is reached that some strategies could be used to effect changes in people rather than in plans. Four steps are outlined for broadening the base of negotiations by encouraging coalitions rather than polarizations. 74 referencesmore » and footnotes. (DCK)« less
“Faking” Disability and Performing Gothic Narratives in Matthew Lewis’s The Monk

There are very few depictions of physical disability in the early Gothic novels of the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth Centuries. However, there are several moments in such texts when a faked disability is used in a pseudo-drag performance by an able bodied actor, a kind of negotiation of disabled identity. Such depictions exploit patterns of eighteenth-century masquerade performance to prioritize and problematize physical identity as a space of profound socio-moral and personal destabilization. This phenomenon within the early Gothic in turn aligns the performance of identity with that of Gothic narrative, redefining self-fashioning practices in terms of “otherness.” This article will use Tobin Siebers’s work on disability performance to examine the use of “fake” disability as a means of negotiating Gothic narrative in Matthew Lewis’s 1796 novel The Monk. The Monk distinguished itself as a novel focused both thematically and strategically on the dialectic interpretation of physical performance, on “seeing” and reading identity within a fundamentally unstable universe. Disability masquerade in this text illuminates numerous ambiguities that defined personal, social, and literary identity at this time, and that also influenced later depictions of disability in the developing Gothic mode.
Combination of cisplatin and tangeretin induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells through modulation of phospho-Akt and its downstream substrates

3383 The failure of cancer treatment has always been accredited to toxicity and/or inefficacy of chemotherapeutic drug regimens. Combination of anticancer drugs with innocuous dietary flavoniods has been proven as a successful approach to alleviate such problems. Tangeretin (TG), a polymethoxylated flavonoid, copiously concentrated in the peel of citrus fruits, has shown to inhibit cancer proliferation. However, its molecular mechanism to boost up the efficacy of anticancer drugs in resistant cells warrants more investigation. This study is an attempt to enhance the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells A2780/CP70 to low doses of cisplatin (Cis) using different combination schedules with TG. Our data showed that TG /Cis combinations resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis which is associated with activation of caspase pathway and cell cycle changes with the appearance of sub G1 population. The combination showed antiproliferative effect in a drug administration sequence-specific manner. Isobologram plots and combination index calculation showed synergistic effect when cells were treated with TG 24 hr prior to Cis. This synergism indicates that TG pretreatment may have modulated the pro-/anti-apoptotic protein imbalance and inactivated cell survival pathways, the hallmarks for drug resistance in ovarian cancer that require heavy drug combination regimen. Further investigations are ongoing to support this notion and to examine the effect of TG/Cis treatment on p53 function, PTEN expression, NF-kB activation, and phospho-Akt and its downstream substrates including Bad, Bim, glycogen synthase kinase, and FOXO transcription factor. Using this drug exposure schedule in resistant cells is particularly important in heavily pretreated patients who developed multidrug resistance through different mechanisms. This work was supported by NIH grants CA93413, ES6074 and ES12991 to A. A. W.
Zainichi Korean women in Japan: voices

Most Koreans who live in Japan, also known as Zainichi Koreans, are the descendants of colonial subjects who migrated there from 1910 to 1945, when Korea was a colony of the Japanese empire. In 195...
Synthesis of bridged analogs of epibatidine. 3-Chloro-5,7,8,9,9a,10-hexahydro-7,10-methanopyrrolo[1,2-b]-2,6-naphthyridine and 2-chloro-5,5a,6,7,8,10-hexahydro-5,8-methanopyrrolo[2,1-b]-1,7-naphthyridine

Abstract The synthesis of conformationally locked analogs of epibatidine are described in which the key step is an intramolecular reductive palladium-catalyzed Heck-type coupling.
Quality risk assessment and mitigation of pharmaceutical continuous manufacturing using flowsheet modeling approach

Abstract Integrated flowsheet modeling is an engineering approach that can provide a framework for understanding the impact of process dynamics on drug quality and associated risks during production, thereby facilitating the development of robust continuous processes. In this investigation, flowsheet modeling of continuous direct tablet compression process is exploited to perform sensitivity analysis in the risk assessment and identify potential process parameters and material attributes that affect critical quality attributes of the tablet. In addition, the dynamic response of the model in the presence of a variety of flow disturbances is demonstrated by the use of the residence time distribution analysis for the risk mitigation of the high-risk areas in the continuous direct compression process, which result in out-of-specification products. The outcome of the present work shows the potential of process models in quality risk assessment and mitigation for continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing of drug products and scientific considerations regarding model development.
An Introduction to the (Supposedly) Good Life

Many Western societies have equated happiness and goodness while vilifying other human emotional states. These efforts are shown to promote particular social, cultural, religious, and political views. This chapter introduces the notion of scientific Pollyannaism as an ideological strategy, enforced through scientific rationales and empirical methods, which works to promote happiness as both a mark of human superiority over other groups as well as a tool of social control over these groups. Moreover, the refusal to account for social context, especially social oppression and violence, distinguishes scientific Pollyannaism from other efforts to empirically define human emotional life. The original story of orphaned Pollyanna (Porter in Pollyanna. Colonial Press, Boston, MA, 1913) is introduced as a framework for understanding the function of Pollyannaist “glad games” used by scientists and popularized as scientific to the public.
Oxidation Behavior of γ′-Ni3Al-Based Ni–20Al–5Cr Alloys With and Without Reactive Elements Under Different Heating Conditions

High-temperature oxidation of a model γ′-Ni3Al-based Ni–20Al–5Cr alloy and versions of this alloy doped with Y, Hf, or Si, or some combination of these, was investigated. Oxide scale evolution was characterized using SEM, TEM, and TOF–SIMS. The resulting scale microstructures depended quite sensitively on the heating rate to the oxidation temperature of 1100 °C. However, whatever the heating rate, the dopant additions improved the oxidation resistance of the base alloy. The reactive elements Y and Hf, if segregated to the surface during preheating under conditions where appreciable oxidation was not possible, suppressed transient oxidation and facilitated the exclusive growth of the thermodynamically stable α-Al2O3 scale.
An assumption-free exact test for fixed-design linear models with exchangeable errors

We propose the Cyclic Permutation Test (CPT) to test general linear hypotheses for linear models. This test is non-randomized and valid in finite samples with exact Type I error $\alpha$ for an arbitrary fixed design matrix and arbitrary exchangeable errors, whenever $1 / \alpha$ is an integer and $n / p \ge 1 / \alpha - 1$. The test involves applying the marginal rank test to $1 / \alpha$ linear statistics of the outcome vector, where the coefficient vectors are determined by solving a linear system such that the joint distribution of the linear statistics is invariant with respect to a non-standard cyclic permutation group under the null hypothesis.The power can be further enhanced by solving a secondary non-linear travelling salesman problem, for which the genetic algorithm can find a reasonably good solution. Extensive simulation studies show that the CPT has comparable power to existing tests. When testing for a single contrast of coefficients, an exact confidence interval can be obtained by inverting the test. Furthermore, we provide a selective yet extensive literature review of the century-long efforts on this problem, highlighting the novelty of our test.
A revised MISSCARE survey: Results from pilot testing.

Abstract Background Missed nursing care has been recognized as a universal patient care issue that affects outcomes for patients, nurses, and healthcare institutions. The MISSCARE Survey was developed to measure and determine the reasons for missed nursing care episodes. An extensive literature review and expert nurse opinion revealed five additional reasons for missing care that the authors utilized to revise the Survey. Methods The revised MISSCARE Survey was pilot tested with a group of 145 nursing staff from a public, non-profit, acute care hospital in the Midwestern U.S. Results Analysis indicated favorable results for the revised Survey's acceptability, reliability, and construct validity. Conclusion Based on the initial pilot study results, the authors recommend further use and study of the revised MISSCARE Survey with other nursing populations and additional psychometric testing.
Heart Failure, Atrioventricular Block, and Ventricular Tachycardia in Sarcoidosis.

Background Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease usually affecting the lungs, although cardiac morbidity may be common. The risk of these outcomes and the characteristics that predict them remain largely unknown. This study investigates the epidemiology of heart failure, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia among patients with and without sarcoidosis. Methods and Results We identified California residents aged ≥21 years using the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development ambulatory surgery, emergency, or inpatient databases from 2005 to 2015. The risk of sarcoidosis on incident heart failure, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia were each determined. Linkage to the Social Security Death Index was used to ascertain overall mortality. Among 22 527 964 California residents, 19 762 patients with sarcoidosis (0.09%) were identified. Sarcoidosis was the strongest predictor of heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 11.2; 95% CI, 10.7-11.7), atrioventricular block (HR, 117.7; 95% CI, 103.3-134.0), and ventricular tachycardia (HR, 26.1; 95% CI, 24.2-28.1) identified among all risk factors. The presence of any cardiac involvement best predicted each outcome. Approximately 22% (95% CI, 18%-26%) of the relationship between sarcoidosis and increased mortality was explained by the presence of at least 1 of these cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions The magnitude of risk associated with sarcoidosis as a predictor of heart failure, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia, exceeds all established risk factors. Surveillance for and anticipation of these outcomes among patients with sarcoidosis is indicated, and consideration of a sarcoidosis diagnosis may be prudent among patients with heart failure, atrioventricular block, or ventricular tachycardia.
A method for solution of the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation in flexible-link robotic systems

An efficient numerical method for solving the partial differential equation (PDE) governing the flexible manipulator control dynamics is presented. A finite-dimensional model of the equation is obtained through discretization in both time and space coordinates by using finite-difference approximations to the PDE. An expert program written in the Macsyma symbolic language is utilized in order to embed the boundary conditions into the program, accounting for a mass carried at the tip of the manipulator. The advantages of the proposed algorithm are many, including the ability to (1) include any distributed actuation term in the partial differential equation, (2) provide distributed sensing of the beam displacement, (3) easily modify the boundary conditions through an expert program, and (4) modify the structure for running under a multiprocessor environment.
Genetic Incorporation of ϵ-N-Benzoyllysine by Engineering Methanomethylophilus alvus Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase

Protein post-translational modifications regulate protein structure and function. Lysine benzoylation is a new type of histone mark with unique physiological relevance. To construct proteins with this modification site-specifically introduced, here we generated orthogonal tRNA Pyl -MaBzKRS pairs by engineering Methanomethylophilus alvus pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase, allowing the genetic incorporation of e-N-benzoyllysine (BzK) into proteins with high efficiency in E. coli and mammalian cells. Two types of MaBzKRS were identified to incorporate BzK using mutations located at different positions of the amino acid binding pocket. These MaBzKRS are small in size and highly expressed, which will afford broad utilities in studying the biological effects of lysine benzoylation.
Air oxidation of yttrium hydride as a high temperature moderator for thermal neutron spectrum fission reactors

Abstract Yttrium hydride (YHx) is an attractive moderator material for thermal neutron spectrum fission reactors requiring a small reactor core volume and has been selected as the neutron moderator for the Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR), an advanced gas-cooled microreactor. Before YHx can be used in this application, it is important to understand the material response to off-normal conditions. In the present study, 550–650 °C isothermal dry air oxidation was performed to simulate a depressurized loss of force circulation (DLOFC) event. The oxidation was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on bulk crack-free YHx coupons. Oxidation studies were also performed on Y coupons to elucidate the impact of H on oxidation. Both the chemistry and distribution of processing impurities were found to strongly affect oxidization behavior on a batch-to-batch basis. Regardless of batch, YHx oxidized at a significantly lower rate than Y at all temperatures, and the lower rate was directly correlated with increased hydride content. Metallic Y exhibited complex exponential kinetics, whereas YHx also exhibited complex kinetics but gained considerably less mass. According to literature reports on protonic and native-ion conductivities of Y2O3 and mass spectrometry analysis of gaseous reaction products formed during the oxidation of YHx, a mechanism for the reduced oxidation rate of yttrium hydride is suggested.
Local polarity effects on TADF dynamics as probed by single molecule fluorescence

Molecules that undergo thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) represent an important class of systems for the design of efficient organic lighting (OLEDS) because they utilize both singlet and triplet excitons for electrically-generated light emission. Most molecules of this type have considerable charge transfer (CT) character as this is known to result in nearly degenerate singlet and triplet energies. Another important consequence of this CT character is that the TADF efficiency as well as the emission wavelength and color purity are highly sensitive to the polarity of the local environment. Here we present data demonstrating the effect of local polarity on the fluorescence intermittency (blinking) of single TADF molecules isolated in a series of host matrices of varying dielectric constants. The on and off times of the fluorescence of single chromophores are shown to be highly sensitive to local polarity and are used to model the dynamics of singlet-triplet crossing.
The Cooperative Movement : Globalization from Below

Contents: Preface, George Cheney Introduction: Part I History and Theory of Cooperation: History and theory of the cooperative movement Comparing cooperation, competition, and individual effort The standard economic model and globalization. Part II Cooperative Case Studies: Cooperation and microfinance in Southeast Asia and Oceania The cooperative movement in India MondragA^3n: the Basque cooperative experience Cooperatives in Latin America Puerto Rico's cooperative effort. Part III Analysis and Implications for the Future: What makes a cooperative work? The blueprint: globalization from below Appendices Index.
Fundamental Groups of Compact Lie Groups

In this section, we briefly review the notion of the fundamental group of a topological space. For a more detailed treatment, the reader should consult any standard book on algebraic topology, such as [Hat, Chapter 1]. Let X be any path-connected Hausdorff topological space and let x0 be a fixed point in X (the “basepoint”).