cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REVERSIBLE TETRAPLOIDY AS AN EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISM.

Polyploidization is reversible. Randolph and Fischer (1939) obtained diploid offspring from autotetraploid maize. Several fertile haploids have also been obtained from successful tetraploid and octaploid species (Kimber and Riley, 1963; de Wet and Harlan, 1970), and Raven and Thompson (1964) pointed out that there is no experimental basis or theoretical reason why haploidy could not have played a role in the evolution of some polyploid complexes. Haploidy also occurs in nature. Nevertheless, Stebbins (1970) disregards reversibility of polyploidization as a factor in evolution, and considers such events as nothing more than "oscillatory noise in the general trend of evolutionary phylogeny". On the other hand, Ornduff ( 1970) speculates that the assumed parental diploids of some polyploid complexes may actually have been derived from polyploids rather than having given rise to them. The role that haploidy may play in the origin of population variability remains a subject of controversy, and a general discussion of the problem seems in order.
The teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing in Brazil from 1991 to 200 seen under the complexity of Edgar Morin

The present study had the following objectives: to identify the characteristics of gerontogeriatric nursing such as exhibited on Brazilian Nursing Journals; and to draw a reflection on the teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing in undergraduation courses, based on identified characteristics as seen under the Complexity of Edgar Morin. A qualitative research, it had as a data-source 9 proceedings volumes of Brazilian Nursing Congresses (281 abstracts, of which 260 are on gerontogeriatrics and 21 on the teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing), plus 7 national nursing publications: “Revista Texto e Contexto em Enfermagem”, “Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP”, “Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem”, “Revista Enfermagem da UERJ”, “Revista da RENE”, REBEN, “Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem” (186 Journal issues of which 88 articles on gerontogeriatrics and 9 covering the teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing) for the 1991-2000 period. The main body of this article comprised 16 scientific articles on the teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing, where software was used for a qualitative analysis – QRS- NUD*IST4. Results made possible to perceive teaching during the research period conducted as: the mandatory subject, the introduction of specific contents in various subjects, the participation on extension work, and extra-curriculum training stages. Contents were presented through the themes: the aged; growing old; old age; gerontology and geriatrics; gerontogeriatric nursing turned to conceptual aspects; work process, nursing process, care to the elder – in houses for the aged, dependent and undergoing surgery, family care, care given to family carers, and care given at home. Such findings strongly support the thesis that Brazilian nursing already understands the gerontogeriatric field as a void still to be filled, requiring roads for an autonomous and/or multidisciplinary team work professional action, and interdisciplinary and/or transdisciplinary work. To think of the teaching of gerontogeriatric nursing or any other subject matter, in Nursing, using the Principles of Edgar Morin’s Complexity is tantamount to perceiving educative teaching as trying to convey a culture enabling the future worker to: understand the human condition; think in a contextualized, open, globalized, ethics, dialogic, recursive and hologrammatic form; and, to direct this worker towards: acquiring qualifications, learning how to do research, to develop practical classes and/or training stages, and other activities turned to the care of the elderly, reconnecting the various knowledges with other disciplines, having as the main target of this educational teaching the human, professional, and ecological care.
Abstract 1751: The E2F activators signal centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells through centrosome regulatory molecules.

Based on the elevated frequencies of centrosome amplification in premalignant breast lesions and in breast tumors, centrosome amplification is proposed to play a role in breast tumorigenesis. The coordination between cell and centrosome cycles is of paramount importance to maintain genomic stability and to the prevention of mammary tumorigenesis. Thus, both cell cycle regulators and molecules that regulate centrosome duplication work together to prevent abnormal centrosome duplication. E2Fs are transcription factors that regulate various cellular processes, such as DNA replication, DNA repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis; their role on centrosomal and mitotic regulation is understood poorly. We hypothesize that the E2F activators (E2F1, E2F2, E2F3a) play key roles in regulating centrosome amplification in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. We found that the E2Fs activators are deregulated or overexpressed in HER2 positive breast cancer cells displaying centrosome amplification, since serum withdrawal does not downregulate the E2F activators (which occurs in control MCF10A cells upon serum-withdrawal). Upregulated E2Fs correlated with the transcriptional overexpression of cell cycle and centrosome regulatory targets, including cylin D, cyclin E, Nek2 and Plk4. Knockdown of E2Fs in HER2 positive cells decreased centrosome amplification without affecting the cell cycle, or entry into S phase. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed binding of E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3 into the promoter of Nek2 and between exons 1 and 2 of Plk4. In two out of three of the Her2+ breast cancer cell lines displaying centrosome amplification, extinguishing E2F expression leads to downregulation of Nek2 and cyclin D1 -potent inducers of centrosome amplification-. In conclusion, centrosome amplification in Her2+ breast cancer cells is dependent on the E2Fs activators and is mediated by molecules that play critical roles in centrosome duplication. We have identified a novel mechanism where E2F-generated centrosome amplification may contribute to breast carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Mi-Young Lee, Harold Ivan Saavedra. The E2F activators signal centrosome amplification in breast cancer cells through centrosome regulatory molecules. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1751. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1751
Stories of Smartness and Whiteness in School Pictures and Yearbooks

AbstractThis article explores the way that discourses of smartness and whiteness are produced and reproduced in schooling. Using an approach grounded in narrative research, I explore the convergences and contradictions between my own educational autobiography and the representations of schooling found in my school pictures and yearbooks. In my analysis, I argue that white supremacy played an important role in the construction of my own story of smartness throughout my primary and secondary schooling experiences. I also argue that yearbooks form powerful “artifacts of smartness” (Hatt, 2011, p. 448) that can be used to interpret and interrogate personal experiences as well as larger societal discourses of smartness and whiteness in schooling.
63 ROLE OF RAC GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN SIMVASTATIN-MEDIATED ENDOTHELIAL CELL SIGNALING.

The statins are a class of HMG CoA-reductase inhibitors used clinically for their ability to reduce serum cholesterol levels via inhibition of the prenylation pathway. However, not all of their clinical benefits, including both vascular barrier protection and reduced superoxide generation, can be attributed to their lipid-lowering properties. One potential mechanism of these effects is via inhibition of geranylgeranylation, a covalent modification that allows translocation to the cell membrane and activation of the small GTPases Rho and Rac, mediators of cytoskeletal rearrangement. While statins inhibit Rho, we previously reported the paradoxical activation of Rac (Rac-GTP) in endothelial cell (EC) after prolonged treatment with simvastatin (5 μM, 16 hours). In this study, upon membrane fractionation and subsequent Western blotting, we report a 37% reduction in Rac translocation to the EC membrane by simvastatin (5 μM, 16 hours) relative to untreated control cells, consistent with the inhibition of geranylgeranylation and evidence of a separate mechanism of simvastatin-mediated Rac activation. In addition, as Rac is required for activation of the NADPH oxidase complex and subsequent superoxide anion generation, we examined the effect of simvastatin on the peripheral translocation of P47phox, an NADPH oxidase component. Simvastatin affected a 47% reduction in P47phox at the EC membrane relative to control cells. Finally, we measured transendothelial electrical resistance and quantified the effects of simvastatin pretreatment on sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced barrier enhancement, an event dependent on Rac. S1P-induced (1 μM) EC barrier function was increased by simvastatin (5 μM, 16 hours) 70% at peak effect relative to S1P-treated control cells. These data are consistent with a functional role for Rac in simvastatin-mediated EC barrier protection and further define the mechanism by which simvastatin is able to directly modulate EC.
The march toward marriage equality: Reexamining the diffusion of same-sex marriage among states:

The issue of same-sex marriage and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality has received considerable attention from policy scholars. This is unsurprising given the issue is one of the defi...
Platelet aggregation, malondialdehyde generation and production time in children with sickle cell anaemia

In view of prior reports of platelet activation in the sickling disorders, platelet aggregation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production following stimulation with N-ethylmaleimide, and/or production time (survival) measurements were examined in 44 children with homozygous sickle cell disease. Aggregation in response to epinephrine, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate was similar to or only slightly less than in normal black controls, rendering highly unlikely the circulation of a sizable population of refractory or "exhausted" platelets. The platelets from the normal blacks aggregated less in response to epinephrine than those from white control subjects. MDA generation in sickle cell platelets was not increased, and platelet production time was not shortened in 6 patients studied during crisis. These observations do not support the occurrence of a marked degree of platelet activation and consumption in sickle cell anaemia.
Immunodetection of a Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Like Substance in Human Sperm

The presence of a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-like substance in human spermatozoa is reported. A highly sensitive immunocytochemical procedure was utilized (double-antibody immunofluorescence technique). Rabbit anti-hCG or rabbit anti-hCG β-subunit was used as the first antibody. A positive fluorescence reaction was found in all human specimens analyzed and in positive controls (choriocarcinoma cells). No fluorescence was detected in the other species studied (sheep, pig, goat, horse, bull, and guinea pig), nor in the negative controls. These findings open a new research area on the physiologic role of this hCG-like substance in human reproduction.
Interpersonal Communication Research: An Overview

This chapter examines theory and research associated with three perspectives of interpersonal communication: psychological/relational, symbolic interactionist, and interactional. The authors describe the origins and key assumptions of each perspective and discuss major theories, current research, and critiques associated with each. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some possible directions for future research.
Test–retest reliability of the underlying latent factor structure of alcohol subjective response

Alcohol subjective experiences are multi-dimensional and demonstrate wide inter-individual variability. Recent efforts have sought to establish a clearer understanding of subjective alcohol responses by identifying core constructs derived from multiple measurement instruments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal stability of this approach to conceptualizing alcohol subjective experiences across successive alcohol administrations in the same individuals. Healthy moderate alcohol drinkers (n = 104) completed six experimental sessions each, three with alcohol (0.8 g/kg), and three with a non-alcoholic control beverage. Participants reported subjective mood and drug effects using standardized questionnaires before and at repeated times after beverage consumption. We explored the underlying latent structure of subjective responses for all alcohol administrations using exploratory factor analysis and then tested measurement invariance over the three successive administrations using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses. Exploratory factor analyses on responses to alcohol across all administrations yielded four factors representing “Positive mood,” “Sedation,” “Stimulation/Euphoria,” and “Drug effects and Urges.” A confirmatory factor analysis on the separate administrations indicated acceptable configural and metric invariance and moderate scalar invariance. In this study, we demonstrate temporal stability of the underlying constructs of subjective alcohol responses derived from factor analysis. These findings strengthen the utility of this approach to conceptualizing subjective alcohol responses especially for use in prospective and longitudinal alcohol challenge studies relating subjective response to alcohol use disorder risk.
Improving the Efficiency of Configurational-Bias Monte Carlo: A Jacobian–Gaussian Scheme for Generating Bending Angle Trials for Linear and Branched Molecules

A new method, called Jacobian–Gaussian scheme, has been developed to overcome the challenge of bending angle generation for linear and branched molecules in configurational-bias Monte Carlo. This method is simple, general, fast, and robust which can yield high acceptance rates. Since there are several bending angles in a branched point and their energies are coupled to each other, generating one trial that is acceptable for all energetic terms is a difficult problem. In order to reach reasonable acceptance rates, traditional methods either generate many trials uniformly or use prepared tables to generate trials according to the expected distribution. While the former consumes a considerable amount of simulation time, the later needs a modest amount of memory to store the tabulated distribution information. In contrast, this Jacobian–Gaussian scheme decouples the energetic terms through simple variable transformations and then generates each bending angle according to its Boltzmann distribution. Thus, high...
Applications of Marginal Space Learning in Medical Imaging

Marginal Space Learning (MSL) has been extensively tested on multiple anatomical structure detection and segmentation problems in different medical imaging modalities. In this chapter, we provide a review of its applications in the published literature. We first review applications on “pure” detection problems, followed by those combining detection, segmentation, and tracking.
Modelling enhanced confinement in drift-wave turbulence

The results of modeling studies of an enhanced confinement in the drift wave turbulent plasma of the CSDX linear device are presented. The mechanism of enhanced confinement is investigated here using a reduced 1D, time-dependent model, which illustrates the exchange of enstrophy between two disparate scale structures: the mesoscale flow and profile, and the turbulence intensity fields. Mean density, mean vorticity, and turbulent potential enstrophy are the variables for this model. Total potential enstrophy is conserved in this model. Vorticity mixing occurs on a scale length related to an effective Rhines' scale of turbulence, and shrinks as both density and vorticity gradients steepen. Numerical results obtained from solution of the model agree well with the experimental data from CSDX showing: (i) a steepening of the mean density profile, indicating a radial transport barrier formation, (ii) the development of a radially sheared azimuthal flow velocity that coincides with the density steepening and ini...
Effect of Temperature on Scale Formation in High-Temperature Corrosion by Model Naphthenic Acids and Sulfur Compounds under Replenishing Conditions

Corrosion by naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds is a major concern for crude oil refineries. Corrosion rates in both field and laboratory studies demonstrate corrosion product scales are partially protective in ways that are difficult to predict. In prior research, a protective oxygen-containing scale in the corrosion by naphthenic acids under stagnant conditions was found. Current research expands the study on the formation of protective scales by investigating the effect of temperature under replenishing conditions. It was found that the presence of both acids and sulfur compounds was necessary to form a protective scale under replenishing conditions. The scale formed at higher temperature was more protective than that formed at lower temperature. It was postulated that the corrosion in the presence of both naphthenic acids and sulfur compounds proceeded by the solid-state diffusion of ferrous ions through the inner scale adjacent to the steel surface.
Why Lakisha and Jamal Didn’t Get Interviews:Extending the Findings of Bertrand and Mullainathan

For over a decade, discrimination scholars have built upon the results of a field experiment published by Bertrand and Mullainathan in 2004. This seminal piece of discrimination literature reported...
"Inverse Drug Discovery" Strategy To Identify Proteins That Are Targeted by Latent Electrophiles As Exemplified by Aryl Fluorosulfates.

Drug candidates are generally discovered using biochemical screens employing an isolated target protein or by utilizing cell-based phenotypic assays. Both noncovalent and covalent hits emerge from such endeavors. Herein, we exemplify an “Inverse Drug Discovery” strategy in which organic compounds of intermediate complexity harboring weak, but activatable, electrophiles are matched with the protein(s) they react with in cells or cell lysate. An alkyne substructure in each candidate small molecule enables affinity chromatography–mass spectrometry, which produces a list of proteins that each distinct compound reacts with. A notable feature of this approach is that it is agnostic with respect to the cellular proteins targeted. To illustrate this strategy, we employed aryl fluorosulfates, an underexplored class of sulfur(VI) halides, that are generally unreactive unless activated by protein binding. Reversible aryl fluorosulfate binding, correct juxtaposition of protein side chain functional groups, and transi...
The Effects of Supply Chain Integration on the Cost Efficiency of Contract Manufacturing

While the literature on supply chain integration (SCI) is proliferating, the link between SCI and a firm's contract manufacturing performance has not been investigated yet. To fill this gap in the literature, we investigate the effects of supply chain integration on contract manufacturing efficiency using the objective measure of return on contract manufacturing. Unlike prior studies, this research uses finer‐grained dimensions of SCI by not only differentiating between customer and supplier integration but also by separating integration activities depending on their purpose for either product development or process improvement, thus enhancing our understanding of the underlying theoretical dynamics by disentangling each dimension's respective contribution to a firm's contract manufacturing efficiency. Using archival survey data from 322 manufacturing firms collected by the Korea Productivity Center, we demonstrate that integration activities with customers and suppliers, depending on whether they focus on products or processes, generate contradicting outcomes in terms of return on contract manufacturing, thereby challenging the implicit assumption about the equivocal benefits of SCI across manufacturing systems. Furthermore, our findings substantiate the positive moderating effects of cross‐functional integration on the external integration–performance links by demonstrating the amplified effects, either positive or negative, of integration on return on contract manufacturing.
The Effect of Wearing White Coats on Patients' Appreciation of Physician Communication during Postpartum Rounds: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective Wearing a white coat (WC) has been associated with risk of colonization and transmission of resistant pathogens. Also, studies have shown that physicians' attire in general affects patients' confidence in their physician and the patient–physician relationship. Our objective is to evaluate the hypothesis that not wearing a WC during physician postpartum rounds does not affect patient–physician communication scores. Materials and Methods This is an unblinded, randomized, parallel arms, controlled trial of postpartum women at a single university hospital. Women were randomly assigned to having their postpartum physicians' team wear a WC or not (no-WC) during rounds. Our primary outcome was “patient–physician communication” score. Univariable and multivariable analysis were used where appropriate. Results One hundred and seventy-eight patients were enrolled (87 in WC and 91 in no-WC groups). Note that 40.4% of patients did not remember whether the physicians wore a WC or not. There was no difference in the primary outcome (p = 0.64) even after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusion Not wearing a WC during postpartum rounds did not affect the patient–physician communication or patient satisfaction scores. In the setting of prior reports showing a risk of WC pathogen transmission between patients, our findings cannot support the routine wearing of WCs during postpartum rounds.
An Empirical Bayes Analysis of Volcanic Eruptions

This paper describes a simple empirical Bayes approach to inference about the eruption rate of a volcano under a Poisson process model. Under this approach, the prior distribution of the eruption rate is estimated from the eruption records of a group of similar volcanoes. The approach is illustrated using the eruption records of six Central American volcanoes.
The role of bioscience and biotechnology in agricultural education in the secondary school agriculture curriculum as perceived by agricultural educators

The purpose of this study was to identify perceptions of agriculture teachers regarding the role of biosciences/ biotechnology in the study of agriculture in the North Central Region of the United States. The study sought to determine the degree to which teachers perceived the importance of infusing biosciences/biotechnology into the agriculture curriculum. Another objective of the study was to determine the extent to which competencies in biosciences/biotechnology could be taught if additional instructional materials and inservice training were provided to the teachers. This was a survey research study, conducted with a stratified random sample of 610 individuals selected from the 2,429 secondary school teachers in the North Central Region of the United States. The findings were based on 325 completed questionnaires. Non-response error was controlled enabling findings to be generalized to the general population of agricultural educators in the North Central Region. Findings indicated that secondary school educators in the North Central Region of the United States were mainly middle-aged and predominantly male. The instructors had favorable perceptions about the role of biosciences/ biotechnology in the agriculture curriculum. Their perceptions did not vary with their demographic characteristics. The instructors believed that by integrating the sciences into their curriculum they would prepare their students better for future employment opportunities in science and technology particularly in the area of biotechnology, which is a rapidly expanding industry. Instructors were more willing to expand instruction in areas of competencies related to traditional ways of increasing plant growth and production. The instructors were also willing to expand instruction in the areas of competencies for sustainable agriculture.
Phylogenetic and Functional Beta Diversity

The first objective of this chapter is to introduce the conceptual and empirical background for why phylogenetic and functional analyses of beta diversity are of interest to ecologists. This is followed by detailed instructions on how to calculate in R the major metrics of phylogenetic and functional beta diversity that are most commonly employed in the literature. The ultimate goal is to obtain a robust conceptual and practical knowledge of phylogenetic and functional beta diversity.
Critical Notes to the Ibero-American Model Code (Notas Críticas Al Anteproyecto De Código Modelo De Procesos Colectivos Del Instituto Iberoamericano De Derecho Procesal)

This paper is a critical assessment of the Ibero-American Model Code. It explains what it did right and what it did wrong and why. It also proposes improvement. Although I was a co-Reporter to this project, I shared this role with two senior professors. This paper was written as a kind of a dissenting opinion, in which I critiqued the views of the other co-Reporters. Este articulo es una critica a la propuesta de Codigo Modelo de Procesos Colectivos del Instituto Iberoamericano de Derecho Procesal. Se explica lo que ha sido hecho correctamente y los errores cometidos. El articulo tambien propone correcciones. En que pese que yo he sido co-Relator general del Codigo Modelo de Procesos Colectivos del Instituto Iberoamericano de Derecho Procesal, yo no he sido el unico y los otros dos Relatores han tomado decisiones con las cuales yo no estoy de acuerdo. Este articulo es una especie de voto vencido.
A perception-action model for empathy

23.1 IntroductionT his chapter describes an d au gm en ts the perception -action m odel(P A M ) of em pa-thy,firstdetailed in P reston an d de W aal(2002b).E m pathy,iron ically,is a term thatm ean s differen tthin gs to differen tpeople.Ithas been difficu ltto distin gu ish em pathyfrom sym pathy becau se they both in volve the em otion al state of on e related to thestate ofan other.T his problem w as com pou n ded by the fact that the m apping oftheterm s has recen tly reversed:w hat is n ow com m on ly called em pathy w as referred tobefore the m iddle of the tw en tieth cen tu ry as sym pathy (see W ispe«, 1986 for a fu lldiscu ssion ) an d som e researchers stillu se the old con n otation s (e.g.B atson ,1997).According to a PAM, empathy is defined as a shared emotional experienceoccurring when one person (the subject) comes to feel a similar emotion to another(the object) as a result of perceiving the otherOs state. This process results from thefact that the subjectOs representations of the emotional state are automaticallyactivated when the subject pays attention to the emotional state of the object.The neural mechanism assumes that brain areas have processing domains based ontheir cellular composition and connectivity; as such, there isno Oempathy areaO andbrain areas are recruited when the relevant domain is required by the task. Thisdefinition contains much information, so the model will be detailed in this chapterby deconstructing the definition, focusing on the italicized words.23.2 Breaking down the PAM
Catalytic Arylhydroxylation of Dehydroalanine in Continuous Flow for Simple Access to Unnatural Amino Acids

This report discloses the first example of catalytic arylhydroxylation of dehydroalanine with aryldiazonium salts. Aryldiazonium salts, which are generated from aniline precursors under partially aqueous conditions in continuous flow, efficiently reacted with dehydroalanine in the presence of 10-15 mol % ferrocene to furnish α-hydroxyarylalanine derivatives (up to 82 % yield). The reactions proceeded with regioselectivity, broad functional group tolerance, and without polymerization of the dehydroalanine. Furthermore, the products were used to access α-unnatural amino acids, important targets with application in drug development.
Lethal Infection of Wild Raptors with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 and H5N2 Viruses in the USA, 2014–15

An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) led to heavy losses of poultry in commercial farms in North America in 2014–15. Enhanced surveillance by virologists and pathologists at the US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center and its partners resulted in the identification of lethal infections with clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup icA2 H5N8 and novel reassortant H5N2 viruses in diverse wild raptor species that died concomitant with the poultry epizootic in the US. A range of pathologic abnormalities were present in dead raptors, including necrotizing encephalitis and myocarditis, pancreatic necrosis, and pulmonary congestion and edema. Raptors are highly susceptible to disease caused by infection with HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 viruses.
Woody debris and nutrient retention following alternative biomass harvesting guidelines.

Concern about excessive woody debris removals during biomass harvests has led to the development of biomass harvesting guidelines (BHGs) for retaining woody debris for habitat and nutrient cycling. However, the efficacy of BHGs has not been experimentally examined. Two BHG treatments applied during clearcutting and thinning operations were examined in a replicated complete-block experiment. The first BHG treatment included the retention of one-third of tops of trees ≥8 in. dbh and one-third of trees <8-in. dbh. The second included the retention of all tops of trees ≥8-in. dbh and no restriction on the removal of smaller trees. In clearcuts, the two BHGs each increased the biomass of woody debris retained by 1.7 times compared to where no BHG was applied. However, in thinned units, there were no differences in retained woody debris regardless of BHG application. Nutrient retention trends followed those of biomass. Nutrients retained in woody debris generally exceeded nutrient removals in harvested wood except for calcium, for which removals equaled retention where BHGs were applied and exceeded retention in the absence of BHGs. Findings suggest that applying BHGs for retaining woody debris becomes more important as harvest intensity increases.
Does right ventricle dysfunction represent cardiac frailty in critically ill trauma patients

IntroductionCardiac function includes left ventricle ejection fraction, right ventricle function, diastolic function, and multiple markers of cardiac outflow. Markers of cardiac function associated...
Manganese‐Mediated Formic Acid Dehydrogenation

A robust and rapid manganese formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation catalyst is reported. The manganese is supported by the recently developed, hybrid backbone chelate ligand tBu PNNOP (tBu PNNOP=2,6-(di-tert-butylphosphinito)(di-tert-butylphosphinamine)pyridine) (1) and the catalyst is readily prepared with MnBrCO5 to form [(tBu PNNOP)Mn(CO)2 ][Br] (2). Dehydrohalogenation of 2 generated the neutral five coordinate complex (tBu PNNOP)Mn(CO)2 (3). Dehydrogenation of FA by 2 and 3 was found to be highly efficient, exhibiting turnover frequencies (TOFs) exceeding 8500 h-1 , rivaling many noble metal systems. The parent chelate, tBu PONOP (tBu PONOP=2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)pyridine) or tBu PNNNP (tBu PNNNP=2,6-bis (di-tert-butylphosphinamine)pyridine), coordination complexes of Mn were synthesized, respectively affording [(tBu PONOP)Mn(CO)2 ][Br] (4) and [(tBu PNNNP)Mn(CO)2 ][Br] (5). FA dehydrogenation with the hybrid-ligand supported 2 exhibits superior catalysis to 4 and 5.
Stable Transformation of the Actinobacteria Frankia spp.

ABSTRACT A stable and efficient plasmid transfer system was developed for nitrogen-fixing symbiotic actinobacteria of the genus Frankia, a key first step in developing a genetic system. Four derivatives of the broad-host-range cloning vector pBBR1MCS were successfully introduced into different Frankia strains by a filter mating with Escherichia coli strain BW29427. Initially, plasmid pHKT1 that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) was introduced into Frankia casuarinae strain CcI3 at a frequency of 4.0 × 10−3, resulting in transformants that were tetracycline resistant and exhibited GFP fluorescence. The presence of the plasmid was confirmed by molecular approaches, including visualization on agarose gel and PCR. Several other pBBR1MCS plasmids were also introduced into F. casuarinae strain CcI3 and other Frankia strains at frequencies ranging from 10−2 to 10−4, and the presence of the plasmids was confirmed by PCR. The plasmids were stably maintained for over 2 years and through passage in a plant host. As a proof of concept, a salt tolerance candidate gene from the highly salt-tolerant Frankia sp. strain CcI6 was cloned into pBBR1MCS-3. The resulting construct was introduced into the salt-sensitive F. casuarinae strain CcI3. Endpoint reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) showed that the gene was expressed in F. casuarinae strain CcI3. The expression provided an increased level of salt tolerance for the transformant. These results represent stable plasmid transfer and exogenous gene expression in Frankia spp., overcoming a major hurdle in the field. This step in the development of genetic tools in Frankia spp. will open up new avenues for research on actinorhizal symbiosis. IMPORTANCE The absence of genetic tools for Frankia research has been a major hindrance to the associated field of actinorhizal symbiosis and the use of the nitrogen-fixing actinobacteria. This study reports on the introduction of plasmids into Frankia spp. and their functional expression of green fluorescent protein and a cloned gene. As the first step in developing genetic tools, this technique opens up the field to a wide array of approaches in an organism with great importance to and potential in the environment.
Abortion and Women's Physical Health: An Issue for All Physicians

The editorialists discuss Ralph and colleagues' findings and suggest that the health of women may depend not only on not having a reason to seek abortion but also on being able to receive abortion ...
Informing the Design of Conversational IR Systems: Framework and Result Presentation

Recent developments in conversational IR have raised questions about the nature of interactions which occur between the user and the system and the cognitive capabilities expected of such systems. In our research, we investigate the completeness of existing theoretical frameworks in explaining conversational search data propose modifications to such systems. The linear and transient nature of speech makes it cognitively challenging for the user to process a large amount of information. We propose a study to evaluate the users' preference of modalities when using conversational search systems. The study will help us to understand how results should be presented in a conversational search system. As we observe how users search using audio queries, interact with the intermediary, and process the results presented, we aim to develop an insight on how to present results more efficiently in a conversational search setting. We also plan on exploring the effectiveness and consistency of different media in a conversational search setting. Our observations will inform future designs and help to create a better understanding of such systems.
CyberAmbassadors: Results from Pilot Testing a New Professional Skills Curriculum

The CyberAmbassadors Project (NSF #1730137) is a training grant to develop professional skills curriculum (communications, teamwork, leadership) to build capacity in Cyber Infrastructure (CI) Professionals. CI Professionals are experts at high performance computing, data science algorithms, and/or supercomputing infrastructure; they are often called upon to work with experts from STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) in multi-disciplinary teams to solve complex problems. The CyberAmbassadors training program seeks to improve the function of these teams by helping CI Professionals build and practice skills for effective communication, teamwork and leadership within the context of complex, multidisciplinary research. This paper summarizes the results of the pilot testing of the CyberAmbassadors curriculum, which was conducted at institutions across the United States using both in-person, online and hybrid delivery methods. A Kirkpatrick evaluation model was used to assess expectations and reasons for participation, as well as satisfaction with the training and impacts on participants’ learning and behavior. The curriculum was revised based on these initial pilot tests, and 43 volunteers have participated in “train the trainers” workshops to prepare to facilitate this training on a larger scale during 2019-20.
Social capital and cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN): A retrospective longitudinal cohort study using the Health and Retirement Study data, 2006-2016.

Abstract Prescription drug spending and other financial factors (e.g., out-of-pocket costs) partially explain variation in cost-related medication nonadherence (CRN). Indicators of social capital such as neighborhood factors and social support may influence the health and well-being of older adults as they may rely on community resources and support from family and peers to manage conditions. Previous research on the relationship of social capital and CRN has limited evidence and contradictory findings. Hence, our objective is to assess the relationship of social capital indicators (neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood physical disorder, positive social support, and negative social support) and CRN using a longitudinal design, 2006 to 2016, in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States (US). The Health and Retirement Study is a prospective panel study of US adults aged ≥ 50 years evaluated every two years. Data was pooled to create three waves and fitted using Generalized Estimating Equation modelling adjusting for both baseline and timevarying covariates (age, sex, education, race, total household income, and perceived health status). The three waves consisted of 11,791, 12,336, and 9,491 participants. Higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion and positive social support were related with lower CRN (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.95 and OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84, p
Vowel errors produced by preschool-age children on a single-word test of articulation.

Eighty-four children, age 4–5 years, with and without speech sound disorder (SSD) completed a battery of standardized speech and language tests, including the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation, ...
Xenophobia, Partisanship, and Support for Donald Trump and the Republican Party

During his 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump distinguished himself from other candidates via his hardline stances on issues of immigration. Using data from national surveys conducted between 2014 and 2019, we identify three key findings about views of immigrants among the American public during the Trump era. First, xenophobia was the strongest predictor of Americans’ feelings—anger, fear, pride, and hope—about Donald Trump during his time in office, and the second strongest predictor of feelings about the Republican party (after partisan identification). Second, the influence of Americans’ levels of xenophobia on their feelings about the Republican Party were significantly mediated by their feelings about Trump, especially for negative affect (anger and fear). Third, there has been a backlash against xenophobia, such that political independents and Democrats became significantly more favorable toward immigrants after 2016. As a result, views of immigrants have become more favorable overall, but also more politically polarized. These findings support and extend immigration backlash theory, contribute to research on affective polarization, and document consequential trends in contemporary American politics.
Rates of Clostridioides difficile at an Urban Hospital During Initial COVID Pandemic Wave

Background During the first three months of the COVID 19 pandemic, our facility cared for an influx of patients. At the peak, the daily census exceeded 200 patients with COVID 19. Surveillance for healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) continued throughout this time. Despite the acuity of the patients and the frequent use of antibiotics, the rates of Clostridioides difficile lab ID (CDI) events remained relatively stable. We sought to determine the validity of this rate. Methods To determine if cases of CDI were missed, we compared the 3-month rate per 10,000 patient days in 2020 to the same time-period in 2019 (March, April, and May). The number of tests ordered during the two periods was also compared. Additionally, the Doctor of Pharmacy from our antibiotic stewardship team reviewed all orders for oral Vancomycin to determine if empiric CDI treatment was initiated without confirmatory testing. Results The CDI rate for the 3 months in 2019 was zero compared to 0.48 per 10,000 patient days during the peak of the pandemic. The number of tests increased in the 2020 period to 17.5 per 10,000 patient days versus 15.8 in the 2019 period. Three patients received oral Vancomycin, each of whom had valid indications. Conclusions Based on this data, CDI cases were not underreported. We speculate that the lack of an increase in CDI rates may be attributed to: Increased hand hygiene by staff – compliance increased to 91 % in 2020 compared to 83 % in 2019,enhanced attention to cleaning and high level disinfection, and Improved adherence to use of personal protective equipment.
Structural and functional interactions between the Ca2+-, ATP-, and caffeine-binding sites of skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1).

Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) releases Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells to initiate muscle contraction. Multiple endogenous and exogenous effectors regulate RyR1, such as ATP, Ca2+, caffeine (Caf), and ryanodine. Cryo-EM identified binding sites for the three coactivators Ca2+, ATP, and Caf. However, the mechanism of coregulation and synergy between these activators remains to be determined. Here, we used [3H]ryanodine ligand-binding assays and molecular dynamics simulations to test the hypothesis that both the ATP- and Caf-binding sites communicate with the Ca2+-binding site to sensitize RyR1 to Ca2+. We report that either phosphomethylphosphonic acid adenylate ester (AMPPCP), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, or Caf can activate RyR1 in the absence or the presence of Ca2+. However, enhanced RyR1 activation occurred in the presence of Ca2+, AMPPCP, and Caf. In the absence of Ca2+, Na+ inhibited [3H]ryanodine binding without impairing RyR1 activation by AMPPCP and Caf. Computational analysis suggested that Ca2+-, ATP-, and Caf-binding sites modulate RyR1 protein stability through interactions with the carboxyterminal domain and other domains in the activation core. In the presence of ATP and Caf but the absence of Ca2+, Na+ is predicted to inhibit RyR1 by interacting with the Ca2+-binding site. Our data suggested that ATP and Caf binding affected the conformation of the Ca2+-binding site, and conversely, Ca2+ binding affected the conformation of the ATP- and Caf-binding sites. We conclude that Ca2+, ATP, and Caf regulate RyR1 through a network of allosteric interactions involving the Ca2+-, ATP-, and Caf-binding sites.
The Association Between Body Condition Score Change During the Dry Period and the Incidence of Calving-Related Disorders, and Milk Production in Holstein Cows

Body condition score (BCS) is a practical tool used to monitor energy nutrition of dairy cattle. Body condition score at calving has been associated with lactational performance; however, little information is available about cows calving with low, optimum or high BCS that either maintain, gain or lose BCS during the dry period. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association of BCS of cows that calved with low, optimum or high BCS that either gained or lost BCS during the dry period and the incidence of periparturient disorders, and milk production in Holstein cattle.
Disrupting the Disruptors? The 'Going Public Process' in Transition

For decades, private companies planning to enter public markets have used bankers operating as intermediaries, helping them decide on issue timing and pricing, and in meeting disclosure requirements. That banker-led process has always had inefficiencies, but without clear alternatives, companies had to accept the high costs and the money left on the table on the offering date, as bankers set offering prices well below market prices, and rewarded preferred clients. The IPO process is being disrupted by three major changes. First, companies are waiting longer to go public, and are focusing more on scaling up revenues than on building business models that deliver profits, while private. Second, the investor base for IPOs is shifting, from primarily institutional, to include more retail investors, many of whom are young, and get their investing cues more from social media than from roadshows. Third, there are alternatives emerging to the banker-led process, with a few turning to direct listings and many more, especially in the last two years, using special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs). These alternatives clearly are works in progress, and need improvement, but change is coming. In the final part of the paper, we look at disclosures that companies are required to make when they go public, and argue that they not only suffer from bloat, but are not in sync with changes that have occurred in both the companies going public, and those who trade their shares in the immediate aftermath of going public. We argue for reducing disclosure bulk and an easing of restrictions on companies making projections about the future, since these restrictions actually make it easier for companies to sell pie-in-the-sky stories.
A Structural View of Tyrosine Recombinase Site-Specific Recombination

The DNA recombination sequences where recombinase binding and strand exchange take place are referred to as the core recombination sites. These sites are composed of two recombinase binding elements (RBEs) arranged as inverted repeats surrounding a central strand exchange or crossover region. A parallel alignment of sites is defined as one in which the DNA helical axes of the crossover regions form an angle less than 90° with respect to the crossover sequence directions. The helices, which carry the tyrosine nucleophiles, are provided in trans to the neighboring subunits, where they participate in the formation of shared active sites between pairs of adjacent subunits. The mechanistic implications of this alternative arrangement are discussed in this chapter. The author summarizes what one has learned from the crystal structures of recombinase-HJ intermediates and then relates the structural models to recent experimental data in the tyrosine recombinase family. A study by Arciszewska et al. demonstrated using permanganate oxidation sensitivity of thymine bases that the recombinase-bound form of the junction is clearly distinct from the stacked-X conformation. Voziyanov et al. presented a thorough geometric treatment of the tyrosine recombinase reaction pathway model that focuses on the relative rotation and positioning of the reaction components as the reaction proceeds. The current understanding of the tyrosine recombinase site-specific recombination pathway in the three-dimensional sense has been guided primarily by structures of reaction intermediates in the Cre-loxP system.