cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topical fluorides and hardness of enamel.

— Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2) solutions applied to acetic acid etched and unetched human enamel shows that two 2 minute applications of APF on the etched enamel significantly softened it, but there was no significant change when SnF2 was used.
The zinc-dependent redox switch domain of the chaperone Hsp33 has a novel fold.

The Escherichia coli chaperone Hsp33 contains a C-terminal zinc-binding domain that modulates activity by a so-called “redox switch”. The oxidized form in the absence of zinc is active, while the reduced form in the presence of zinc is inactive. X-ray crystal structures of Hsp33 invariably omit details of the C-terminal domain, which is truncated in protein constructs that are capable of forming crystals. We report the solution structure of a recombinant 61-residue protein containing the zinc-binding domain (residues 227–287) of Hsp33, in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of Zn 2+ . The zinc-bound protein is well folded, and forms a novel structure unlike other published zinc-binding domains. The structure consists of two helices at right-angles to each other, a two-stranded β-hairpin and a third helix at the C terminus. The zinc site comprises the side-chains of the conserved cysteine residues 232, 234, 262 and 265, and connects a short sequence before the first helix with the tight turn in the middle of the β-hairpin. The structure of the C-terminal zinc-binding domain suggests a mechanism for the operation of the redox switch: loss of the bound zinc ion disrupts the folded structure, allowing the ligand cysteine residues to be oxidized, probably to disulfide bonds. The observation that the C-terminal domain is poorly structured in the active oxidized form suggests that the loss of zinc and unfolding of the domain precedes the oxidation of the thiolate groups of the cysteine residues, since the formation of disulfides between distant parts of the domain sequence would presumably promote the formation of stable three-dimensional structure in the oxidized form. Hsp33 provides an example of a redox signaling system that utilizes protein folding and unfolding together with chemical modification for transduction of external stimuli, in this case oxidative stress, to activate the machinery of the cell that is designed to deal with that stress.
Interpersonal insight in organizations: Cognitive models for human resource development

Abstract This article draws on research and theory on social information processing to understand how people learn about themselves and others in organizations. Interpersonal insight stems from four key components of cognition: receiving performance feedback, categorizing the information, attributing cause, and re-evaluating perceptions of oneself and others. The article examines how this process can be applied to self-insight and insight into one-on-one relationships, group dynamics, and negotiations. Implications for research and practice in human resource development are discussed.
A Theology of the Cross and Ministry in Our Time: How Do You Call a Thing What It Is When You Don't Know What the Thing Is?

Abstract: This article explores our cultural context and the issues it raises for ministry and theology in our time, especially as it relates to a theology of the cross. By drawing on the work of Jean Baudrillard the article asserts that we live in a time of hyper-reality, when nihilism is ever-present under the thin crust of our entertainment and information-saturated society. In responding to this world, it is argued that a theology of the cross has too often been misappropriated to serve as justification for taking on either the style of a postmodern aesthetic, which provides people a brand in new, hip forms of ministry, or adopting a fundamentalist stance, which provides people with a foundation in a world where it seems there is nowhere stable to stand. By returning to Luther's Heidelberg disputation, it is argued that “calling a thing what it is” in thesis 21 is not a style or foundation, but the invitation to enter (and do theology and ministry) in the nihilism of despair. Therefore, ministry and theology in our time should begin in the nihilism (the nihilism of the crucified Christ).
Hue-Wavelength Relation Measured by Color-Naming Method for Three Retinal Locations

A method of hue measurement, in which an absolute color-naming procedure is utilized, has been applied to spectral stimuli delivered as flashes at 0 degrees, 20 degrees, and 40 degrees eccentricity in an otherwise dark field. The method yields very reliable measures, especially at 0 degrees. Color-naming at 0 degrees differs little from that at 20 degrees, but a marked deterioration of performance occurs between 20 and 40 degrees. This is reflected by a reduction in red and especially green responses, and a lower reliability of the measurements. Additional estimates were also obtained which showed a decrease in measured saturation but increasing reliability of the saturation measurements with increasing eccentricity.
Efficacy of Repeat Pulmonary Vein Isolation Procedures in Patients with Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation

Efficacy of Repeat Pulmonary Vein Isolation. Introduction: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is effective in the treatment of most patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Some advocate the addition of linear ablation techniques to improve efficacy; however, previous studies suggest recurrent PV conduction is responsible for AF recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of repeat PV isolation in patients with recurrent AF after an initial ablation procedure and to determine if any patient characteristics predict failure of repeat PV isolation procedures. Methods and Results: Seventy-four patients with two or more AF ablation procedures using selective PV isolation were included. PV isolation was guided with multielectrode ring catheter recordings, electroanatomic mapping, and intracardiac electrocardiography. Radiofrequency energy was delivered using a 4-mm-tip catheter (maximum 40 W, 52°C); cooled-tip ablation was performed in 10 patients. Linear ablation was not performed. Antiarrhythmic drugs were continued for at least 6 weeks after ablation; AF episodes during this period were censored. Reconnection of one or more segments of previously ablated PVs was observed in 97 % of patients; reconnected PVs served as the trigger for AF in 77%. Repeat PV isolation resulted in AF control (cure or 90% reduction in AF episodes) in 64 patients (86%) over a follow-up period of 9.1 ′ 6.7 months. "High-risk" characteristics such as left atrial enlargement, persistent AF, or mitral regurgitation did not predict failure of repeat PV isolation procedures. Conclusion: Recurrent AF following selective PV isolation is overwhelmingly associated with PV electrical reconnection. Repeat PV isolation without linear ablation provides effective treatment for recurrent AF in patients in whom an initial PV isolation procedure failed, independent of clinical characteristics.
Alkalinity within the midgut of mosquito larvae with alkaline-active digestive enzymes

Abstract Digestive enzyme pH optima were determined in vitro for the larvae of three mosquito spp., Culex pipiens, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. All had optimal amylase activity at about pH 8 and optimal protease activity over a broad range between pH 10 and 12. pH within the digestive tract of intact live larvae was determined from the colours of indicator dyes ingested with kaolin and visible in the gut through the transparent or translucent body tissues. In all three spp. the contents of the anterior midgut were held at a pH just exceeding 10, with an abrupt fall to about pH 7·5 in the posterior third midgut.
Application of RRKM theory to the reactions OH + NO2 + N2 → HONO2 + N2 (1) and ClO + NO2 + N2 → ClONO2 + N2 (2); a modified gorin model transition state

Rate constants as a function of both temperature and pressure were calculated for the title reactions using RRKM theory in conjunction with a modified Gorin transition state. The modification introduces a hindrance parameter which accounts for repulsive interactions between the rotating fragments. At the highest stratospheric pressures (∼50 torr) and at stratospheric temperature (∼220°K), the extent of “falloff” from first-order [N2] dependence is ∼70% for reaction (1) and ∼35% for reaction (2).
bcc 4 He as a coherent quantum solid

In this work we investigate the quantum nature of bcc ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}.$ We show that it is a solid phase with an off-diagonal long-range order of coherently oscillating local electric dipole moments. These dipoles arise from the correlated local motion of the atoms in the crystal potential well, which oscillate in synchrony so that the dipolar interaction energy is minimized. The dipolar interaction exist in addition to the usual van der Waals potential. The dipolar ground state is therefore a coherent state with a well defined global phase and a three-component complex order parameter. The condensation energy of these coherent dipoles in the bcc phase stabilizes it over the hcp phase at finite temperatures. This condensation may also result in a small ${(n}_{0}/n\ensuremath{\sim}0.5%)$ condensate fraction of the ${}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ atoms, and a comparison with ``supersolid'' models is also discussed. We further show that there can be fermionic excitations of this ground state and predict that they form an opticlike branch in the (110) direction.
Vibration Analysis of Wind Turbine via a Multibody Dynamics Approach

In this paper, a lumped model of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT) is presented for modal and vibration analysis. Motion modes such as tower fore and aft, tower side to side, blade flap, blade edge, and tower axial torsion are considered. A multibody modeling approach is used to represent the structure and components of a HAWT. A continuous component in wind turbines may be divided as discrete rigid bodies linked by proper types of joints with springs and dampers for couplings. Joints are used to describe the degrees of freedom of the component’s deformation. Springs and dampers are added to accommodate the component’s elastic and plastic properties. For example the tower is modeled as discrete rigid bodies linked by universal joints, which allow three degrees of freedom (DOF) from one torsional and two bending motions of the tower, and torsional springs are added between bodies to accommodate elastic property of the tower. The potential energy of the springs equals to the potential energy of the continuous tower, which may be represented by Timoshenko-beam model. Thus the spring stiffness is calculated based on the potential energy equivalence. Equations of motion of wind turbines are derived via Kane’s dynamical method. Modal and vibration analysis are further carried out based on this lumped multibody model. As a comparison with other approaches such as finite element analysis (FEA) that requires high data storage and long simulation time, this approach may provide a low fidelity simulation model and tool, which is suitable for analysis of dynamic loads, modal, and vibration of wind turbines with respect to fixed and moving references at high computational efficiency and low simulation costs. The approach is also a good candidate for simulating dynamical behaviors of wind turbines and preventing their fatigue failures in time domain.© 2009 ASME
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A DIMERIC ACETONE COUPLING PRODUCT WITH A TITANIUM-PENTADIENYL COMPLEX

Abstract The reactions of Ti(C5H4R)(C5H7)(PMe3) complexes (R=H, CH3; C5H7=pentadienyl) with acetone lead to the coupling of each dienyl terminus to a molecule of acetone, as had earlier been observed for the 2,4-dimethylpentadienyl ligand. However, in this case, dimeric rather than monomeric species were isolated. Confirmation of their formulations has been accomplished through a single crystal diffraction study.
Surgical work output: is there room for increase? An analysis of surgical work effort from 1999 to 2003.

Objective To analyze physician work production over a 5-year period to discover trends in productivity. Summary background data Surgical workforce calculations over the past 25 years have projected major oversupply as well as looming shortages. Recent studies indicate that demand for surgical services will increase over the next two decades as the population ages and develops age related chronic diseases. This study examines actual physician productivity to determine whether there is capacity for increased work output in response to projected increases in demand. Methods Physician productivity data as measured by relative value units were obtained from the Medical Group Management Association Physician Compensation Reports for a 5-year period. Surgeons were compared with nonsurgeons and across subspecialties. Results Surgeon and nonsurgeon productivity in terms of relative value units remained relatively stable over the study period; surgical:nonsurgical productivity per provider was 1.30–1.46:1. Conclusions Surgeons produce a significant amount of the total work in multi-specialty medical groups. These results may indicate that the surgical and general surgical workforce has reached a plateau with respect to clinical productivity. Predicted increases in demand for procedure-based work to care for the aging population are likely to be difficult to meet with the available workforce.
The aeronomic problem of oxygen dissociation

Abstract The vertical distribution of molecular oxygen above 100 km, obtained from recent rocket data, cannot be explained by photo-chemical equilibrium. An aeronomic study of departures from photo-equilibrium conditions in the lower thermosphere shows that atmospheric mixing or diffusion must be operative. It is concluded that the process of diffusion contributes increasingly to molecular oxygen concentrations at greater heights. By considering a diffusive equilibrium, it is found that new information can be obtained for various aeronomic processes.
The “good manager”: Sex-typed, androgynous, or likable?

Recent studies have indicated that people describe a “good manager” in masculine terms. It was hypothesized that this could simply reflect cultural stereotypes, rather than people's perceptions of what combination of traits is desirable in a leader. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects were presented managerial profiles ascribing all masculine, all feminine, or a combination of masculine and feminine traits (i.e., “androgynous” profiles) to hypothetical managers. Feminine-trait combinations were rated as significantly less desirable than either masculine or androgynous combinations, which were rated as equally desirable. Thus, while femininity per se was not seen as desirable in a leader, it was not viewed as a liability when combined with masculinity, a corroboration of much behavioral research on androgyny. Experiment 3 varied trait likableness and sex-role orientation. Experiments 1 and 2 were replicated for unlikable traits. Surprisingly, the opposite pattern was obtained for likable traits: the feminine combinations were rated as the most desirable, and the masculine combinations were rated as the least desirable. The results are discussed in the context of early research on impression formation and recent work on social cognition.
A Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for the Determination of Bazedoxifene Acetate and its Related Substances in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

A simple, cost effective, stability-indicating reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography method was developed for the quantitative determination of bazedoxifene acetate (BAZ) drug substance in the presence of its impurities and degradation products. The method was developed using an X-terra RP-18, 150 3 4.6 mm, 3.5 mm column with a mobile phase containing solvent A, a mixture of 10 mM K2HPO4 (pH 8.3) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 70:30 (v/v); and solvent B, a mixture of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 10:90 (v/v). The eluted compounds were monitored at 220 nm, and within a short run time of 18 min, BAZ and its impurities were satisfactorily separated with resolution more than 2.0. BAZ was subjected to stress degradation and found to be sensitive towards acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal and hydrolytic stress conditions and stable in photo degradation conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from BAZ peak and its impurities; the mass balance in each case was more than 99.5%, proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9994), limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (recovery range 96.3 to 102.1%), precision (relative standard deviation < 2.8%) and robustness.
Preferential binding of leukocytes to the endothelial junction region in venules in situ.

Objective: To determine whether leukocytes show a preference to firmly adhere to the endothelium near the endothelial cell (EC) junction in their native environment, i.e., blood-perfused venules in situ.Methods: Intravital confocal microscopy was used to determine the positions of firmly adherent leukocytes with respect to EC junctions in cremaster muscle venules in anesthetized mice. EC area and EC junction locations were identified using immunofluorescent labeling of platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), an endothelial junction protein. Leukocytes were identified using transillumination through the same optical path.Results: Seventy-five percent of firmly adherent leukocytes overlapped an EC junction (the average distance to the nearest EC junction was 2.4 ± 0.1 μ m, n = 263). This distance was less in smaller diameter venules, hence the percentage of adherent leukocytes that overlapped an endothelial junction was larger. EC shape and size varied with venular diameter: in smaller venu...
Dumping on U.S. Farmers: Are There Biases in Global Antidumping Regulations?

The explosion of antidumping activity over the past 10 years has raised concern among agriculture analysts that antidumping regulations are biased toward imposing more protection on U.S. agricultural goods than other products. This research fails to find a statistically significant bias in the outcomes of antidumping investigations involving agricultural goods compared to other products, nor does it find significant evidence that foreign antidumping investigations into imports of food products have resulted in higher levels of protection than U.S. investigations. However, the results from a comprehensive case study analysis suggest that despite the lack of statistical evidence of bias, U.S. agricultural producers have reason to question the fairness of global antidumping regulations. Given these results, government ocials should consider whether U.S. food producers could be better served by changes to both U.S. antidumping regulations and the World Trade Organization Antidumping Agreement. Classification Code: F13, Q17
INDICATIONS FOR NONOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF URETEROCELES

Purpose: Ureteroceles have traditionally been managed surgically. We report our indications and outcomes of nonoperative management of ureteroceles in a select cohort. Materials and Methods: We identified prospectively for nonoperative management 11 females and 2 males with ureteroceles associated with hydronephrosis or multicystic dysplasia (MCD). Patients presented with either a febrile urinary tract infection (3) or prenatal hydronephrosis (10). All patients were evaluated with renal and bladder ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and mercaptoacetyltriglycine-3 furosemide renography. Two subgroups were identified, consisting of 10 duplex system upper pole ureteroceles associated with nonobstructed functional systems and 3 ureteroceles associated with a completely nonfunctional single system (2) or duplex (1) kidneys with or without MCD. Median followup was 41 months (range 13 months to 8 years). Results: Of the 13 patients 9 required no surgical intervention. Of these 9 patients 3 had either a nonfunctional upper pole moiety (1) or MCD (2) that involuted, and 6 had good function of the upper pole segments relative to the lower pole without high grade obstruction on furosemide renography. Mean upper pole relative to lower pole differential function as determined by isotope renogram in these 6 patients was 40.8% (range 28% to 65%) and median drainage half-time was 5.3 minutes (4.5 to 19.3). On sonography, hydronephrosis improved in all 6 cases, with 5 (83%) decreasing to grade 0 (3) or I (2). Of these 6 cases of duplex system ureteroceles 5 had associated ipsilateral lower pole reflux of grade III (2) or IV (3). Reflux resolved in all cases. Surgery was necessary for progressive obstruction 1 patient and for breakthrough urinary tract infection in 3. The mean upper pole differential function in the operative group of 24.3% was lower than that of the nonoperative group. The initial median drainage half-time was 12.5 minutes (range 6.9 to 20). There was no significant difference between the nonoperative and operative groups in regard to hydronephrosis grade, reflux grade or ureterocele size. Conclusions: Furosemide renography can identify a select subgroup of patients with ureteroceles who are candidates for nonoperative management. Ureteroceles with nonobstructed duplex systems have better preservation of renal function and a high rate of natural resolution of hydronephrosis and reflux. Ureteroceles associated with MCD or completely nonfunctioning upper pole moieties may never require surgical management.
Poor School Funding, Child Poverty, and Mathematics Achievement:

This article concerns the effects of poor school funding and child poverty on mathematics achievement in American schools. A good deal of research and a lot of confusion have surrounded these topics. We begin by first reviewing these traditions of effort. Next, we present information about a new study of these effects, including the rationale for our research, our methods, and our findings. We close by discussing the implications of our results.
Through the narrow pass: Experiencing same‐sex friendship in heterosexual(ist) settings

The Western notion of ideal friendship is often associated with same‐sex relationships characterized by similarity and ease. Cross‐sex friendships, on the other hand, are seen as being plagued by problems of jealousy, sexual attraction, gendered differences in communication patterns, third party attributions as to their “real” nature and purposes. In this paper, I use personal narrative to argue that tensions associated with cross‐sex friendships also occur in same‐sex friendships. I maintain that the belief that these problems are particular to cross‐sex friendships is associated with the heterosexualist bias of our culture and much of our scholarly literature.
The biological response to psychic trauma : mechanisms and treatment of intrusion and numbing

Abstract The recognition that trauma is qualitatively different from stress and results in lasting biological changes goes back to the dawn of contemporary psychiatry. The conditioning of biological emergency responses following traumatic experiences may account for the biphasic trauma response, and the accompanying memory disturbances. The past decade has seen rapid advances in our understanding of the underlying biology of this “physioneurosis”. In addition to classically conditioned physiological reactions, changes now have been demonstrated in the startle response in people with post-traumatic stress disorder and in central nervous system catecholamine, serotonin, and endogenous opioid systems. This paper reviews the research data which have demonstrated changes in these systems and explores how these biological changes may be related to the characteristic hyper-reactivity, loss of neuromodulation, numbing of responsiveness, dissociative states, and memory disturbances seen in PTSD. There is growing e...
Science Choices and Preferences of Middle and Secondary School Students in Utah.

This research sought to answer two questions: (1) What are Utah junior and senior high school students' preferences and choices regarding science subjects? (2) Could preferences and choices be related to the type of school, age or gender? Two thousand students from grades six through twelve participated in this study. Findings show that zoology and human anatomy and physiology were most preferred. Ecology was least prefered. Topics in the physical sciences were also low. There was a trend among girls to prefer natural sciences such as botany while boys tended to prefer the physical sciences. Generally, students' choices were limited to those subjects presently taught in the formal school curriculum. They appeared unaware of the many science related subjects outside the texts or the approved course of study.
The Work Preference Inventory: Assessing Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Orientations

The Work Preference Inventory (WPI) is designed to assess individual differences in intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations. Both the college student and the working adult versions aim to capture the major elements of intrinsic motivation (self-determination, competence, task involvement, curiosity, enjoyment, and interest) and extrinsic motivation (concerns with competition, evaluation, recognition, money or other tangible incentives, and constraint by others). The instrument is scored on two primary scales, each subdivided into 2 secondary scales. The WPI has meaningful factor structures, adequate internal consistency, good short-term test-retest reliability, and good longer term stability. Moreover, WPI scores are related in meaningful ways to other questionnaire and behavioral measures of motivation, as well as personality characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors.
The largest linear space of operators satisfying the Daugavet equation in L~1

We find the largest linear space of bounded linear operators on L 1 (Ω) that, being restricted to any L 1 (A), A C Ω, satisfy the Daugavet equation.
College Foreign Language Study Related to High School Foreign Language Study

guage study in high school and college continues to create problems for college students and instructors and to frustrate high school language teachers. One implication of the articulation problem is in the placement of students in college course sequences. Years of high school study vary, quality and amount of learning differ, and time intervening between high school and college study of a foreign language varies from one student to the next. This study was designed to address several of the placement problems because a review of the research literature revealed no
Assessing the effectiveness of technology integration: message boards for strengthening literacy

This paper reports current findings from a multi-phased research project that is an offshoot of a 3-year, $155,000 "Best Practices in the Use of Technology" grant awarded to one of the co-authors, 1998-2001. The expanded Phase 1 portion of the study has a general focus on the cognitive complexity of student written responses over time in Virtual Literature Circles or electronic message boards utilized according to the structure of more traditional classroom literature circles. The Phase 1 ex-post-facto research question examined was: Did the cognitive complexity of student responses increase with continued use of Virtual Literature Circles? The findings suggest that this research question is best answered in the negative. The Phase 2 portion of the study focuses more specifically on the effects of different types of question prompts used in Virtual Literature Circles. The Phase 2 ex-post-facto research question was: Did the cognitive complexity of student responses differ according to prompt types? The findings suggest that this research question is best answered in the affirmative. Together, these findings shed light on existing higher-order literacy theory and on the effectiveness of Virtual Literature Circles in their current pilot state. Additionally, knowledge was gained in this study regarding new instrumentation being developed to help with the unique challenges of assessing student message board responses.
Scalable proximity estimation and link prediction in online social networks

Proximity measures quantify the closeness or similarity between nodes in a social network and form the basis of a range of applications in social sciences, business, information technology, computer networks, and cyber security. It is challenging to estimate proximity measures in online social networks due to their massive scale (with millions of users) and dynamic nature (with hundreds of thousands of new nodes and millions of edges added daily). To address this challenge, we develop two novel methods to efficiently and accurately approximate a large family of proximity measures. We also propose a novel incremental update algorithm to enable near real-time proximity estimation in highly dynamic social networks. Evaluation based on a large amount of real data collected in five popular online social networks shows that our methods are accurate and can easily scale to networks with millions of nodes.To demonstrate the practical values of our techniques, we consider a significant application of proximity estimation: link prediction, i.e., predicting which new edges will be added in the near future based on past snapshots of a social network. Our results reveal that (i) the effectiveness of different proximity measures for link prediction varies significantly across different online social networks and depends heavily on the fraction of edges contributed by the highest degree nodes, and (ii) combining multiple proximity measures consistently yields the best link prediction accuracy.
Socioeconomic Indicators That Matter for Population Health

Increasing research and policy attention is being given to how the socioeconomic environment influences health. This article discusses potential indicators or metrics regarding the socioeconomic environment that could play a role in an incentive-based system for population health. Given the state of the research regarding the influence of socioeconomic contextual variables on health outcomes, the state of data and metrics for these variables at the local level, and the potential for program and policy intervention, we recommend a set of metrics related to the socioeconomic composition of a community (including poverty, unemployment, and public assistance rates); educational attainment and achievement; racial segregation; and social-capital indicators such as density of voluntary organizations and voter turnout. These indicators reflect the evidence that population health gains depend on improvements in many of the fundamental social determinants of health, including meaningful employment, income security, educational opportunities, and engaged, active communities.
Retained Placenta Accreta Mimicking Choriocarcinoma

This case demonstrates a rare event of retained invasive placenta masquerading as choriocarcinoma. The patient presented with heavy vaginal bleeding following vaginal delivery complicated by retained products of conception. Ultrasound and computed tomography demonstrated a vascular endometrial mass, invading the uterine wall and raising suspicion for choriocarcinoma. Hysterectomy revealed retained invasive placenta.
Comparison of Rabbit, Beef, and Chicken Meats for Functional Properties and Frankfurter Processing

The functional properties of rabbit meat were compared with those of beef and chicken meats. Protein solubilities, water-holding capacities, emulsifying capacities, and binding strengths were approximately equal. Frankfurter emulsions made from rabbit and chicken were formed more easily than those from beef and were more stable. Frankfurters from beef were firmer and were coarser in texture. Sensory evaluations for flavor, texture, and overall acceptability demonstrated that frankfurters made from rabbit meat were equal to those from beef and slightly superior to those from chicken. Quality and sensory scores for rabbit frankfurters containing 15% protein, 20% fat and 1.7% salt were also very acceptable.
A 10-Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit

A 10-Gb/s phase-locked clock and data recovery circuit incorporates a 5-GHz interpolating voltage-controlled oscillator and a half-rate phase detector. The phase detector provides a linear characteristic while retiming and demultiplexing the data with no systematic phase offset. Fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the circuit exhibits an rms jitter of 6.6 ps in the recovered clock with random data input of length 2/sup 23/-1. The power dissipation is 99 mW from a 2.6-V supply.
Cathode-ray-tube protractor or synchroscope

A simple resistor-capacitor circuit permitting a visual indication of phase difference between two voltages on a cathode-ray-tube screen is presented. The phase angle is related to the orientation of a straight-line image on the screen. As the angle is changed, the line image rotates through an angle equal to twice the change. An angle scale can be put on the screen with angles up to 360 degrees shown on each side of the screen so the phase angle can be read opposite either end of the line image.
A multicast congestion control scheme for mobile ad-hoc networks

This paper presents a multi-rate multicast congestion control scheme for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). Not only does the proposed scheme overcome the disadvantages of existing multicast congestion control protocols which prevent them from being used in MANETs, but it also achieves good performance in other aspects such as fairness with TCP, robustness against misbehaving receivers, and traffic stability. Besides achieving the above advantages, the proposed scheme does not impose any significant changes on the queuing, scheduling or forwarding policies of existing networks.
Older adults' perceptions of mentally ill older adults.

Objectives: Many mentally ill older adults are stigmatized, which reduces quality of life and discourages help-seeking. This study's goal was to identify factors associated with stigma. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (N = 101) were asked to indicate their attitudes toward and reactions to three hypothetical older women with depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia. Results: The results suggest that schizophrenic persons are viewed as most dangerous and dependent, while anxious persons are seen as most responsible for their illness. Age, gender, and educational level of participants were associated with desired social distance and differing perceptions of the hypothetical persons. Conclusion: These findings can be used to improve educational efforts that seek to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness in older adults.
A VOLUMETER FOR SMALL ORGANS

THE DETERMINATION of the volume of small organs has been something of a problem 11 because some of the methods were particularly tedious, while others included serious sources of error. In the last few years, the writer has been using a volumeter which is simple yet accurate. The accompanying diagram shows the apparatus. It consists of a narrow, glass re ceiving-tube (A), with a side arm connected by rubber tubing to a leveling-tube (B) which is a 0.2 cc. calibrated serological pipette, graduated in thousandths of a cubic centimeter. A normal saline solution is used as the fluid medium. Around the receiving-tube, above the side arm, is a narrow black band (C) to facilitate sighting across the bottom of the meniscus. The rear arm of an ordinary burette meniscus-magnifier (D) was painted white so that, when in position and sidelighted, the meniscus can be sharply outlined on the upper edge of the black band (C).
Suicidal disclosures among friends: using social network data to understand suicide contagion.

A robust literature suggests that suicide is socially contagious; however, we know little about how and why suicide spreads. Using network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine the effects of alter’s (1) disclosed and (2) undisclosed suicide attempts, (3) suicide ideation, and (4) emotional distress on ego’s mental health one year later to gain insights into the emotional and cultural mechanisms that underlie suicide contagion. We find that when egos know about alter’s suicide attempt, they report significantly higher levels of emotional distress and are more likely to report suicidality, net of extensive controls; however, alter’s undisclosed suicide attempts and ideation have no significant effect on ego’s mental health. Finally, we find evidence that emotional distress is contagious in adolescence, though it does not seem to promote suicidality. We discuss the implications of our findings for suicide contagion specifically and sociology more generally.
Fluoxetine Blocks Nav1.5 Channels via a Mechanism Similar to That of Class 1 Antiarrhythmics

The voltage-gated Nav1.5 channel is essential for the propagation of action potentials in the heart. Malfunctions of this channel are known to cause hereditary diseases. It is a prime target for class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs and a number of antidepressants. Our study investigated the Nav1.5 blocking properties of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Nav1.5 channels were expressed in HEK-293 cells, and Na+ currents were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Dose-response curves of racemic fluoxetine (IC50 = 39 μM) and its optical isomers had a similar IC50 [40 and 47 μM for the (+) and (−) isomers, respectively]. Norfluoxetine, a fluoxetine metabolite, had a higher affinity than fluoxetine, with an IC50 of 29 μM. Fluoxetine inhibited currents in a frequency-dependent manner, shifted steady-state inactivation to more hyperpolarized potentials, and slowed the recovery of Nav1.5 from inactivation. Mutating a phenylalanine (F1760) and a tyrosine (Y1767) in the S6 segment of domain (D) IV (DIVS6) significantly reduced the affinity of fluoxetine and its frequency-dependent inhibition. We used a noninactivating Nav1.5 mutant to show that fluoxetine displays open-channel block behavior. The molecular model of fluoxetine in Nav1.5 was in agreement with mutational experiments in which F1760 and Y1767 were found to be the key residues in binding fluoxetine. We concluded that fluoxetine blocks Nav1.5 by binding to the class 1 antiarrhythmic site. The blocking of cardiac Na+ channels should be taken into consideration when prescribing fluoxetine alone or in association with other drugs that may be cardiotoxic or for patients with conduction disorders.
Significance of Supratidal Dolomitization in the Geologic Record

Numerous discoveries of Holocene penecon-temporaneous dolomite forming mainly in the supratidal zone have prompted environmental analogies with ancient dolomites. Although most of these may be justified, overgeneralization has resulted. Many dolomites lack definitive evidence of either supratidal accumulation or supratidal dolomitization. Detailed field and laboratory studies of three dolomitic units in New York (Little Falls, Upper Cambrian; Herkimer, Middle Silurian; and Lockport, Middle Silurian) and one in California (Lost Burro, Middle and Upper Devonian) show that the dolomite, apparently metasomatic, represents original calcium carbonate sediments of variable environmental deposition. Portions of the Little Falls and Upper Lockport Formations contain evidence (algal stromatolites, desiccation cracks, intraclasts) of tidal flat (peritidal) deposition, whereas the other occurrences (Herkimer, Lost Burro, and lower Lockport) contain evidence (bioherms, abundant open-marine fossils) of subtidal accumulation. Dolomitization is primarily diagenetic. Even in those cases which possibly represent supratidal dolomitization, the dolomite is ordered and of much coarser grain size than that in the modern analogues. There is considerable evidence that much Holocene dolomite, as well as a substantial part of the dolomite in the geologic record, formed under evaporitic conditions, especially in contact with brines of high Mg ++ /Ca ++ ratios. However, findings in Holocene sediments as well as the lack of indication of the initial presence of evaporites in many ancient dolomites suggest that dolomite need not be an evaporitic mineral.
An accountability framework for archival appraisal

The electronic environment has caused archivists to re-examine what they do and why they do it. What was understood or perhaps taken for granted in the paper environment is not understood and cannot be taken for granted in the new electronic environment. But such a re-examination also tells us that archivists do not believe themselves to be simply part of a production line, overseeing the acquisition of some records and the destruction of others. It reminds us that we believe ourselves to be active and responsible participants in the shaping of human memory and contributors to the quality of life within our societies. It is not surprising then that we should look to our processes to see how they are accountable to our stakeholders. And central to any concept of archival accountability is our understanding of the records we seek to preserve. In this way the remarkable impact of modern information and communications technologies on the conception, creation, use and preservation of records requires us to not only refine our understanding of what we mean by records but also how we accountably fulfil such a core function as appraising them. It is my goal to outline a framework for understanding archival appraisal accountability. The paper begins by describing archival appraisal as a business process of archivists that is executed within archival institutions and goes on to address apparaisal principles and ethics. It concludes by suggesting that an essential component of any accountability framework is determining for how long archivists are accountable. ESARBICA Journal Vol.23 2004: 51-61
Obesity inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells.

Craniomaxillofacial defects secondary to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital malformations are frequent unmet challenges, due to suboptimal alloplastic options and limited autologous tissues such as bone. Significant advances have been made in the application of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in the pre-clinical and clinical settings as a cell source for tissue engineering approaches. To fully realize the translational potential of ASCs, the identification of optimal donors for ASCs will ensure the successful implementation of these cells for tissue engineering approaches. In the current study, the impact of obesity on the osteogenic differentiation of ASCs was investigated. ASCs isolated from lean donors (body mass index 30; obASCs) were induced with osteogenic differentiation medium as monolayers in an estrogen-depleted culture system and on three-dimensional scaffolds. Critical size calvarial defects were generated in male nude mice and treated with scaffolds implanted with lnASCs or obASCs. lnASCs demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation in monolayer culture system, on three-dimensional scaffolds, and for the treatment of calvarial defects, whereas obASCs were unable to induce similar levels of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis of lnASCs and obASCs during osteogenic differentiation demonstrated higher levels of osteogenic genes in lnASCs compared to obASCs. Collectively, these results indicate that obesity reduces the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs such that they may have a limited suitability as a cell source for tissue engineering.
Determination of in vitro free radical scavenging and antiproliferative effect of Pennisetum alopecuroides on cultured A549 human lung cancer cells.

Context: Pennisetum alopecuroides (Poaceae) is a grass predominantly distributed in tropics and sub tropics. It is used as a cattle feed in many regions. Aim: The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro free radical scavenging and antiproliferative activity of ethanol extract of P. alopecuroides (EEPA) on cultured A549 human lung cancer cell lines. Settings and Design: The anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extract was evaluated at dose level 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml. The in vitro antiproliferative activity was measured at doses of 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml. Materials and Methods: The free radical scavenging activity of the EEPA was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and in vitro antiproliferative activity on A549 human lung cancer cells was conducted by using MTT assay method. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed that the P. alopecuroides contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids as the major secondary metabolites. The IC 50 value of DPPH scavenging activity was found to be 44.41 μg/ml and 31.02 μg/ml for a mixture of EEPA and standard ascorbic acid, respectively. In vitro MTT assay showed that EEPA had anti-proliferation effects on A549 cells in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: This is the 1 st time a pharmacological exploration of P. alopecuroides grasses has been conducted. We have shown that P. alopecuroides exhibits good free radical scavenging and strong in vitro cytotoxic activities against human lung cancer cell lines.
Stalking the Wily Emic: Alternatives to Cross-Cultural Measurement

The title of this paper was partially stimulated by Gustav Jahoda’s recent work in which he asked if cross-cultural psychology’s pursuit of the emic-etic distinction will ever result in its capture (Jahoda, 1977). He noted that “when cross-cultural psychologists are wearing their theoretical-methodological hats they tend to make ritual emic-etic gestures; having discharged their duty in this manner they then turn to getting on with research and forget all about it” (p. 55). Jahoda ends his review of this distinction by finding it essentially to be a non-issue, and answers in the negative his question, “can we ever capture it?”
The worst of times, the best of times : psychotherapy in the 1990s.

The author discusses the state of the art of psychotherapy at the brink of the new decade. The theme of the 1990s is rapprochement, the bridging of divisive aspects of the field. Four major manifestations of increased detente are explored: convergence of mind and brain, collaboration of research and public policy, coordination of economic constraints and ethical standards, and connection between psychopathology and therapeutic practice. Factors of major importance for the future of psychotherapy are the impact of the neurosciences on psychological phenomena, the role of the computer in human simulation, the socioeconomic influence of government and third-party payers on the direction of treatment, and the utilization of clinical practice in devising new diagnostic dimensions.
Trajectory, aerothermal conditions, and thermal protection system mass for the MARS 2001 aerocapture mission

An aerocapture trajectory specific to the Mars 2001 mission scenario is presented with results of aerothermal and heatshield thermal protection system (TPS) mass estimates that are required to protect the spacecraft orbiter payload. Specifically, a point design of the Mars aerocapture vehicle was selected and using an overshoot, lifting trajectory, a full 3D aerothermal flowfield was simulated for selected trajectory points. The computational flowfield models were then directly used in a TPS mass sizing algorithm that estimated the overall TPS mass of the aerocapture vehicle forebody and afterbody heatshield and the thickness distributions. This analysis methodology has never been previously attempted for a 3D flowfield in a Mars aerocapture trajectory and the results presented in this paper represent NASA Ames' current capabilities to support the complex simulation challenges associated with aerocapture maneuvers at Mars.