cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors: distinct neuronal and nonneuronal forms derived by alternative splicing differ in phosphorylation.

Abstract We have identified two distinct transcripts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by using the PCR on first-strand cDNAs from various rat tissues. The longer form, corresponding to the previously cloned adult rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, contains a 120-nucleotide insert between the two cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation consensus sequences. The shorter form (lacking the insert) predominates in fetal brain and peripheral tissues and appears to represent a nonneuronal receptor, whereas the longer form is found in adult brain and appears to be exclusively neuronal. The phosphorylation kinetics by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the phosphopeptide maps differ for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors purified from tissues predominantly expressing different forms of the transcript.
FLASH PHOTOLYSIS OF N-ACETYL-L-TRYPTOPHANAMIDE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADICAL YIELDS AND FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING

— The flash photolysis of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide (NATA) in the presence of the fluorescence quenchers, imidazole, acrylamide and trichloroethanol, has been investigated. Imadazole and acrylamide induce a decrease in the NATA radical yield which correlates with their NATA fluorescence quenching action. These observations suggest that the fluorescent state is primarily responsible for the monophotonic photoionization processes. The acrylamide data also suggest that 40–65% of the NATA radicals arise from a long-lived state (τ˜μs) which must originate from the fluorescent state. Unlike imidazole and acrylamide, trichloroethanol enhances the radical yield by reaction with excited state precursors. Mechanisms for the quenching of fluorescence and the long-lived states are discussed.
ELEVATED GENTAMICIN LEVELS IN PREMATURE/AZOTEMIC NEWBORNS

Peak serum gentamicin (G) levels were measured by agar diffusion 30 minutes after completion of, and trough levels just prior to, intravenous G infusion (2.4±.1mg/kg) in 44 neonates aged 14 days or less (X 5.5 days). Gestational ages (GA) ranged from 26-43 weeks (X 34.4±.7 wks). Serum half-lives (T½), peaks, and troughs (X±SEM) in 23 non-azotemic infants [BUN<15mg% and/or Creatinine (Cr)<1mg%] are presented below: In a group of 21 azotemic infants [BUN≥15mg%. and/or Cr≥1.0mg%.) T½'s and troughs were significantly elevated when compared with all non-azotemic infants: Routine monitoring of serum G levels allows drug dosage and timing to be individualized and is particularly important in the azotemic or extremely premature neonate in whom the use of standard neonatal dosage regimens is most likely to produce excessive, potentially toxic, drug levels.
ABSORPTION of DISSOLVED ASCORBATE BY LIVE CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS)

live channel catfish were exposed to 0.3 % sodium ascorbate solution at pH5. Ascorbic acid concentration in the fillets was found to increase from 13ppm. initially (control group) to 51 ppm and 43 ppm for fish exposed to ascorbate for 8 Curd 24 h, respectively. For the group offish exposed to 8 h of ascorbate followedby 16 h of dechlorinated water, pH 7, the fillets contained 27ppm ascorbic acid.Fish which were exposed to water (without ascorbate) at pH 5 for 24 h showeda comparable ascorbic acid level in fillets to those fillets from the control group.The absorption of ascorbate via gills and/or intestines and distribution to required sites within the muscle tissue could serve to increase the stability of the fish filletduring subsequent processing and storage. Introduction of water-soluble antioxidants to aquacultured fish species by this approach requires further exploration.
Throwing in the towel: When do adverse conditions dictate a weather day during a bottom trawl survey?

Abstract Fishermen and field biologists routinely work under difficult conditions. It is natural in this setting to continue fishing during bad weather as long as safety is not compromised. However, as conditions deteriorate, the effectiveness of trawl survey gear may be reduced well before safety considerations force the cessation of sampling activity. Through comparison of 1754 hauls conducted on chartered vessels between 2003 and 2005 on the shelf and slope of the U.S. West Coast, we show a significant reduction in catch rates of bottom dwelling fish and invertebrates as a function of visually estimated wave height. Comparing randomly located trawl sets that occurred fortuitously close to one another, we conclude that to reduce the estimated effect of wave height on benthic species catch rates (and potentially relative biomass estimates) survey trawl activities on these vessels should be halted when wave heights reach six feet (1.83 m). Only 41 hauls from the 2003–2005 data were conducted when wave heights exceeded five feet (1.52 m), however their exclusion reduces the maximum expected bias in any single tow due to wave height by ∼31%. Further reductions in maximum wave height for routine sampling would begin to exclude geographic areas of the survey introducing a new bias to the randomized design. We further encourage the routine electronic measurement of vertical motion due to wave action during sampling so that future analyses can improve our understanding of its effect on trawl survey catch rates.
Metal Deposition By Laser Driven Pyrolysis Of Solid Organometallic Films

The localized deposition of metal and metal oxide films by laser thermal decomposition of a solid organometallic film has been investigated. Several different laser sources have been used to irradiate commercially available organometallic resinate films applied using standard photoresist techniques on glass and quartz substrates. The focused laser causes localized decomposition of the organometallic film and the unreacted film is removed with solvent. Decomposition occurs stepwise with the initial state being insoluble but opaque and nonconducting. Continued irradiation results in metallic appearing films. Film dimensions considerably less than the laser spot diameter could be be produced under appropriate irradiation conditions.
Use of Lissamine Green for Micropuncture: A Comparison of Two Methods

SummaryThe effect of LG-SF dye on whole kidney function and proximal and distal tubular sodium and water reabsorption was studied in rats. In one group tubular samples were obtained immediately after injection of LG while in the other group collections were begun at least 30 min after the last dye injection. No differences between groups in tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium, water, or whole kidney function were noted. We conclude that all aspects of renal function measured immediately after injection of LG-SF or 30-120 min later do not differ significantly.The authors greatly appreciate the secretarial help of Mrs. Mary Shea.These studies were supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HL 17458 and HL 18318.
The Mechanism of Autoprocessing of the Propeptide of Prosubtilisin E: Intramolecular or Intermolecular Event?

The propeptide of subtilisin, an alkaline serine protease, is known to be required for the folding of subtilisin, functioning as an intramolecular chaperone. Upon folding of prosubtilisin, the propeptide of 77 amino acid residues is autocatalytically cleaved. A histidine-tag was added to the N-terminal end of prothiolsubtilisin E, or prosubtilisin(S221C), in which the active site serine residue at position 221 was substituted with cysteine. The histidine-tagged prosubtilisin(S221C) was denatured and immobilized on Ni-NTA resin. The denatured protein was then refolded on the resin, and the efficiency of the renaturation was determined by the efficiency of the propeptide cleavage. It was found that the cleavage of the propeptide was independent of the concentration of prosubtilisin(S221C), indicating that the autoprocessing is an intramolecular reaction. We also showed that prosubtilsin(S221A) can be autoprocessed if it is mixed with histidine-tagged prosubtilsin(S221C). These results demonstrate that prosubtilisin is intrinsically capable of being autoprocessed in an intramolecular manner, while it can also be processed in an intermolecular manner if it exists at higher concentrations.
An initial vocabulary for nonspeaking preschool children based on developmental and environmental language sources

A single word composite vocabulary list is presented for preliterate, preschool children with severe expressive communication disabilities. The proposed lexicon was formed from single words collected from the following sources: the word lists generated by parents and clinicians of 15 young, nonspeaking children; language samples elicited from 30 normally developing peers matched for age and gender; and word lists generated by parents of the speaking children. Database comparisons for word commonality and frequency of occurrence were performed. There were only 2,114 word types identified from 36,000 total words generated. No one word appeared on every list. Ninety-four percent of the words generated by the 90 sources were repeated by at least two sources, indicating that the vocabulary pool for preschool augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) users may be a small, manageable set. The most common word, mom, appeared on 85 of the 90 vocabulary lists. Only 46 words were common to half of the vocabul...
Vocalization of mice influenced by a single gene in a heterogeneous population.

The suggestion that the occurrence of audible vocalizations is affected by a single gene was tested in a pedigreed heterogeneous mouse population. Eighth (N=358) and tenth (N=980) generation heterogeneous subjects were tested. Data were compared to a single-locus model with complete dominance and to two models assuming two loci. In both replications, results were compatible with the one-locus model and different from two-loci expectations. These findings indicate that a single dominant autosomal gene affecting vocalization may be segregating in this population. Since vocalization has been implicated as important in the regulation of social behavior among mice, this single-gene effect could provide a model system for the analysis of relationships among primary gene action, social behavior, and population dynamics.
Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a group of neoplasms characterised by translocations involving a breakpoint at Xp11.2. The resulting gene fusions involve the TFE3 transcription factor gene and multiple reported genes, including the same one (ASPL) found in the characteristic gene fusion of alveolar soft part sarcoma. Xp11 translocation RCCs likely comprise a significant proportion of paediatric RCCs. While uncommon on a percentage basis in adults, adult cases may outnumber paediatric cases due to the much higher overall incidence of RCC in the adult population. The only known risk factor for its development is prior exposure to chemotherapy. The most distinctive histological pattern is a neoplasm with both clear cells and papillary architecture, often with abundant psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemistry typically reveals minimal reactivity to cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or vimentin. The most sensitive and specific immunohistochemical markers for these neoplasms are TFE3 protein and cathepsin-K. Clinical outcome data are still premature at this time. However, children with regional nodal metastases but without haematogenous spread have a favourable short-term prognosis. Adults often present with aggressive tumours with widespread systemic metastases and these patients have a poor clinical outcome. Regardless, the tumour can metastasise decades after its initial presentation, so long-term follow-up is necessary. A recently reported melanotic neoplasm with overt melanin pigment may represent a new subset of TFE3 related cancers.
Below the NK-cell surface: PIP2

In this issue Blood, Micucci and colleagues demonstrate that PIP2 plays an essential role in NK-cell cytotoxicity by controlling the release of lytic mediators at the NK cell-target interface.
Should asymptomatic subjects with silent ischemia undergo further evaluation and follow-up?

Traditionally, clinicians have depended on the clinical manifestation of chest pain before pursuing workup for evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). It is, however, now well-recognized that cardiac ischemia can occur frequently without any associated symptoms and, in some cases, sudden cardiac death may be the initial manifestation of CAD [l]. It is also known that advanced obstructive CAD may exist with minimal or no symptoms and progress rapidly to an abrupt closure of the artery which is associated with a fatal event [ 1,2]. An estimated 18% of coronary attacks occur with sudden death as the first event [3]. More than half of sudden deaths occur without a prior history of CAD [l]. These alarming statistics have led to rapidly changing attitudes of clinicians about asymptomatic CAD. An increasing number of physicians are now screening for asymptomatic CAD in an effort towards early detection and intervention to reduce the risk of future coronary events. Although there is a great deal of enthusiasm for detection of asymptomatic CAD, the critical questions are whether the screening for asymptomatic CAD is necessary and meaningful, and can we really alter the long-term outcome in the patient with asymptomatic CAD.
Chance and the taphonomy of the hominoid assemblage from the middle Miocene site at Paşalar, Turkey

Abstract A primary goal of taphonomy is to serve as a link between fossil assemblages and the original ecosystems from which they were derived. An important component of this endeavour is the estimation of bias or information loss in the fossil record. Previous approaches have focused on identifying abiotic and biotic sources of bias. Here we address how stochastic or random effects may have influenced the formation of the hominoid fossil collection and the total fossil hominoid assemblage from the middle Miocene site at Pasalar in Turkey. The fossil hominoid collection from Pasalar consists of over 700 isolated teeth of Griphopithecus (Hominoidea, Primates) that were derived from a total fossil hominoid assemblage representing a minimum of 35 individuals. We use computer simulations to test for stochastic effects in the fossil collection, and to develop a method (the Bilateral Equity Method) that can be used to estimate the completeness of any collection of isolated, antimeric elements. We also use computer simulations to determine whether stochastic effects could have influenced the composition of total fossil hominoid assemblage at Pasalar, and if so, to what extent. Results from this study indicate that stochastic effects, as an inherent component of abiotic and biotic taphonomic bias, played an important role in the formation of both the fossil hominoid collection and the total fossil hominoid assemblage at Pasalar.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) was once written off as a “dead” field, but has recently had a modest rebirth, and has been applied with success to several areas of materials science, most notably the high-Tc superconductors. The name itself is a misnomer—NQR is really (NMR) at zero field. For that reason, it has many of the same disadvantages as the more familiar NMR spectroscopy e.g., poor sensitivity and complications arising from molecular dynamics, but because it does not require a superconducting magnet, NQR is generally cheaper and can be applied to a far greater number of nuclei. It is inherently noninvasive and nondestructive, and can be applied both to pure substances and to materials in situ. It is currently, for example, being used as an antiterrorist technique to screen persons and baggage for the presence of explosives, using receiver coils that are of the order of 1 m in radius. The principal disadvantage of NQR, other than sensitivity, is that, as a radiofrequency (RF) technique, it is incompatible with conducting or ferromagnetic materials; however, for the somewhat narrow range of materials to which it can be applied, NQR gives information which is otherwise unavailable. The NQR properties of a material are primarily defined by a transition frequency or set of transition frequencies, which can be used to determine two parameters—the quadrupole coupling constant, and the asymmetry parameter. These quantities are often quite characteristic of particular materials—as when they are used to detect drugs or explosives—but are also sensitive to temperature and pressure, and can therefore be used as a noninvasive probe of these properties. Moreover, by applying external spatially varying magnetic or radiofrequency fields, the NQR signal can be made position-dependent, allowing the distribution of the NQR-active species in the material to be imaged. Finally, the relaxation times of NQR nuclei are highly sensitive to dynamics, and so can be used as a local probe of molecular mobility. The internal structure of materials can also be imaged by x-ray tomography and ultrasonic methods, which depend on the existence of inhomogeneities in the distribution of x-ray absorbers, or acoustic properties, respectively. The stress and pressure dependences of the NQR frequency are generally much stronger than those of NMR imaging, and therefore NQR is a superior method for mapping the temperature or stress distribution across a sample. Such stress distributions can be determined for optically transparent material by using polarized light; for opaque material, there may be no alternative methods. This article aims to be a general and somewhat cursory review of the theory and practice of modern one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NQR and NQR imaging. Keywords: nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR); principles; nuclear moments; energy levels; zero field; zeeman perturbation; zeeman line shapes; spin relaxation; one dimensional fourier transform NQR; two dimensional zero-field NQR; imaging; data analysis; initial interpretation; problems; sensitivity; spurious signals; heterogenenous broadening; glossary of terms
An atypical case of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with biochemical heterogeneity in fibroblasts.

A patient presenting in the first year of life with feeding difficulties and failure to grow had variable but persistent lactic acidemia noted at age 20 months. Nonspecific nutritional and biochemical therapy was accompanied by improvement in general clinical status, growth, gait, and development. However, she died in a catastrophic illness at the end of the third year of life. Studies in intact fibroblast mitochondria were consistent with an isolated but partial defect in cytochrome c oxidase. On direct assay of this enzyme complex in fibroblast homogenates and mitochondria, activity was much more severely depressed (±8% of control). Her fibroblasts normally synthesized the three cytochrome c oxidase subunits encoded on the mitochondrial genome. These data confirm that this patient had cytochrome c oxidase deficiency and demonstrate significant biochemical heterogeneity, since the results of the intact mitochondrial studies correlate better with her clinical course than do those of the direct enzymatic assays.
Relationships Between Selected Gene Polymorphisms and Blood Pressure Sensitivity to Weight Loss in Elderly Persons With Hypertension

Salt sensitivity, the heterogeneity in the response of blood pressure (BP) to alterations in sodium intake, has been studied extensively, whereas weight sensitivity, the heterogeneity in BP response to weight change, has received scant attention. We examined the relationship of 21 gene polymorphisms previously found to be associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or obesity, with weight sensitivity in the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly, where participants with hypertension were randomized to receive intensive dietary intervention of sodium reduction, weight loss, both, or attention control, whereas pharmacological therapy was kept constant. After correcting for multiplicity, we identified significant associations of 3 polymorphisms with weight sensitivity of systolic BP (rs4646994, rs2820037, and rs1800629) and 3 polymorphisms for diastolic BP (rs4646994, rs2820037, and rs5744292). A recursive partitioning algorithm selected the combination of rs4646994, rs1800629, rs1982073, and rs1800896 as the set associated with the highest weight sensitivity. Polymorphisms related to hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are associated with weight sensitivity of BP.
Prevalence and Correlates of Bulimia Nervosa and Bulimic Behaviors in a Racially Diverse Sample of Undergraduate Students in Two Universities in Southeast Texas

This cross-sectional survey used a self-report questionnaire to measure the prevalence and correlates of bulimia nervosa and bulimic behaviors in a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in two state-supported universities in Texas in 1990. In one university, the student population was predominantly white ; in the other, it was predominantly nonwhite. Bulimia status was assessed using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R), of the American Psychiatric Association and was operationalized using the Revised Bulimia Test. Overall, 0.9% of the sample, 1.3% of the females, and 0.2% of the males were classified as having bulimia nervosa. The prevalence of bulimic behaviors was 5.4% overall, 6.6% for females, and 3.6% for males. There was no racial/ethnic difference in the prevalence of bulimia nervosa or bulimic behaviors ; 1.5% of the whites (n = 459) and 0.4% of the nonwhites (n = 693) were classified as having bulimia nervosa, while 5.5% of the whites and 5.3% of the nonwhites reported bulimic behaviors. In univariate analysis, female sex, obesity, dieting behavior, and a family history of alcoholism, drug abuse, and depression were statistically associated with bulimic behaviors. After adjustment for covariates, only obesity and dieting behavior were statistically significant. We concluded that the sex difference in bulimic behaviors reported in other studies may be due to the failure to control for confounding factors.
Motivational and Cognitive Pathways to Medical Help-Seeking for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cognitive Impairment Response Model

Discussion. Findings are interpreted as e of the importance of motivational as well as cognitive aspects of perceptions of illness behavior in another person. The substantial impact of the tested variables on the desired outcome of medical help-seeking may suggest options for public health efforts to enhance early medical help-seeking for AD that sets the stage for early intervention.
Use of Product‐Testing Organizations' Recommendations as a Strategy for Choice Simplification

A re-examination of survey data concerning the manner in which subscribers to Consumer Reports actually use the information presented in the magazine suggests that some subscribers simplify their decision making by following the brand recommendations provided. The results of a separate laboratory study with students as subjects provide additional evidence for the use of brand recommendations as part of a decision simplifying strategy. Implications of the findings for public policy are discussed.
Dopaminergic modulation of arginine mediated growth hormone and prolactin release in man

Abstract The mechanism of arginine (ARG) induced growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) release is poorly understood. Though dopamine (DA) is known to inhibit a number of GH and PRL secretagogues, it has been reported not to affect arginine mediated GH release. Our study was undertaken to study the interaction of DA and ARG further. Six healthy male volunteers received DA (4μg/kg/min) or saline from 0–240 min on two separate days. ARG (30 gms) was given 150–180 min on both days (Protocol I). In Protocol II 5 subjects received ARG on different days 30–60 min into a DA or saline infusion. On a third day only DA was given. Arginine alone was given in 2 separate infusions spaced 135 minutes apart to 5 volunteers (Protocol III). In Protocol I when ARG was given at 150 min, the maximal GH peak of 11.1 ± 1.3 ng/ml, which occurred 45 min later, was blunted by DA treatment (5.3 ± 1.1 ng/ml, p
Synthesis of the tritiated isotopomers of enzastaurin and its N-des-pyridylmethyl metabolite for use in ADME studies

Enzastaurin (3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, 1), an agent with potential utility in the treatment of solid tumors, is currently in phase II clinical trials. Enzastaurin undergoes metabolism in vitro and in vivo to several products of oxidative metabolism, the major one of which is 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(1-piperidin-4-yl-1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (2). In a model study, the attempted synthesis 1-[2H] by reaction of 1 with deuterium gas in the presence of Ir[(COD)(Cy3P)pyr]PF6 (Crabtree's catalyst) was unsuccessful. Alternatively, it was decided to prepare tritiated 2 as both a final product and the starting material for the tritiation of 1. We have reported herein a route that was developed for use in the preparation of tritium-labeled 2-[3H] and its successful conversion to 1-[3H]. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents: yeasts and filamentous fungi.

Failure to respond to antifungal therapy could be due to in vitro resistance (intrinsic or developed during therapy) or clinical resistance; the latter is associated with numerous factors related to the host, the antifungal agent, or the infecting isolate. Recently, a susceptible MIC breakpoint ( 2 microg/ml. In some of these cases, clinical failure was associated with the genetic mutations described below. Azole and flucytosine breakpoints, and the echinocandin susceptible breakpoint, are useful when isolates are tested by CLSI standardized methods; breakpoints are also available by the EUCAST method. More recently, in vitro resistant MIC breakpoints have been assigned for filamentous fungi (moulds) vs. five antifungal agents, but these categories are not based on correlations of in vitro with in vivo response to therapy. However, itraconazole (Janssen), amphotericin B (Bristol-Myers) and voriconazole (Pfizer) clinical failures in aspergillosis have been correlated with MICs > 2 microg/ml. This article provides a review of reported resistance molecular mechanisms to antifungal agents since 2005; previous related reviews are also listed.
Complete remission in severe lupus nephritis: assessing the rate of loss in proteinuria

Background The prognosis of severe lupus nephritis (SLN) is improved in patients attaining a complete remission (CR). The time to remission ranges from 10 to 16 months with many patients not attaining a CR until after 12 months. We assessed whether the rate of loss in proteinuria (UPro) is predictive of a CR in SLN patients. Methods We studied 85 adult patients in the prospective controlled trial of plasmapheresis in SLN (New England Journal of Medicine 1992). All patients had International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society Class IV±Class V lesions. All patients received prednisone and oral cyclophosphamide and 39 patients received plasmapheresis. A CR was defined by a serum creatinine (SCr) of ≤1.4 mg/dL and UPro of ≤0.33 g/day. The change in UPro in gram per day per week was determined at 3 and 6 months from entry to the study. Results A CR was attained in 37 patients (44%) by 16±14 months. The level of UPro at baseline was similar in CR and no remission (NR) patients (5.5 versus 6.4 g/day), but CR patients had a lower SCr (1.2 versus 2.4, P 12 months in 18 patients. The baseline SCr was similar among the two groups. However, UPro at baseline was lower in patients with CR in ≤12 months (3.9±2.7 versus 7.2±3.0 g/day, P=0.001) but the proportion of patients with membranous glomerulonephritis was similar (16 versus 22%). The rate of change in UPro at 6 months was similar at (-)0.214 g/day/week in patients with CR ≤12 months and (-)0.235 g/day/week in those with CR>12 months (P=0.6). At 6 months, a 50% reduction in UPro was also similar in the two groups (84 versus 72%, P=0.4). Additionally, the rate of change in UPro at 3 and 6 months was similar within each group. Conclusions The rate of change in proteinuria at 6 months is significantly greater in patients attaining a CR relative to NR patients but similar in patients with a CR in ≤12 months or >12 months. Thus, the rate of loss of UPro at 6 months may help in predicting which patients will attain a CR.
Sulfated sugars for rolling lymphocytes.

The recirculation of naive lymphocytes from the blood to LNs then back to the blood through the efferent lymphatics increases the likelihood that rare antigen-specific cells will encounter their specific antigen. Circulating lymphocytes enter the LNs at specialized postcapillary venules known as
Consideration of the Use of Health Status, Functional Outcome, and Quality-of-Life to Monitor Neonatal Intensive Care Practice

Measures of health status, functional abilities, and quality-of-life are being used increasingly to evaluate health care practice, and to measure outcomes from the patient9s perspective. There is thus a need to reassess the use of growth and neurodevelopmental status that have traditionally been used as measures of outcome after neonatal intensive care. The quality of neonatal intensive care constitutes only one factor among many that determine the functional health and quality-of-life of survivors of neonatal intensive care. These include genetic disposition, intrauterine events, the effects of sociodemographic factors on the health and development of the child, and on the parents9 assessment of their child9s functioning. To obtain health status, functional and quality-of-life measures, parents need to act as proxy for the child during infancy and childhood. The parents9 cultural, social, and educational background and the specific experience of the parent with children may influence their responses. Furthermore, their perspective may differ from that of the child. Measures that have been used or have the potential to measure health status, functioning, and quality-of-life include the National Health Interview Survey, the National Health Insurance Study, the Functional Status II, the Multi-Attribute Health System, the Functional Independence Measure for Children, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, the Adolescent Child Health and Illness Profile, and the Child Health Questionnaire for children, infants, and toddlers. Knowledge of the validity of the use of these measures among survivors of neonatal intensive care is, however, sparse. Studies have shown that the collection of a standard core of data from various national sources with specific criteria for defining severe disability at 2 years of age is feasible in Great Britain. However, questionnaires or available national databases provide global and epidemiologic information on outcomes rather than identifying the specific pathogenesis or rates of impairments. To determine the possible deleterious effects of new therapies, specific diseases or impairments will need to be identified rather than the global effect on functioning or health related quality-of-life. Examination of the proximal neonatal impairments that predispose to later disability, such as rates of periventricular hemorrhage or retinopathy of prematurity, are probably better measures for evaluating quality of neonatal care rather than distal impairments such as cerebral palsy, growth impairments, or reactive airway disease. The ultimate goal of neonatal intensive care is to provide survival without impairment. Objective measures of specific impairments and their residual disability are thus better measures of the quality of neonatal intensive care than subjective assessments of children and their families.
Infrastructure and standards in Thai digital government

Standards and infrastructure pose both theoretical and empirical challenges for digital government scholarship. For their part, scholars of standards and infrastructure have tended to neglect digital government development and public administration more generally as interesting sites of standards work. This paper addresses this gap, bringing concepts and methods from the sociology of standards and infrastructure to bear on the practice of digital government development in Thailand. We analyze efforts at IT-related information and service standardization in the Thai public sector, and describe a series of sociotechnical tensions and challenges that have faced, and sometimes stalled, efforts at digital government development.
Methodological Pluralism: The Gold Standard of STEM Evaluation.

This chapter presents the conceptualization that scientific evaluation is a comprehensive concept including both experimental and nonexperimental methods and that a variety of methods are preferred for STEM evaluation and for the field of evaluation as a whole.
Agent-based modeling for household level hurricane evacuation

In this paper, we present an agent-based model for hurricane evacuation which captures the interactions among evacuees during the evacuation process. Both normal and greedy household agents are considered. The normal agents simply follow the shortest route toward their destinations regardless of the congestion on each route segment. The greedy agents on the other hand make choices between the shortest route and the least congested route according to a certain probabilistic rule, taking into account the evolving network conditions. In the experiments, we simulate different scenarios on a test network and present the results and analysis. The simulation results indicate that greedy agents can sometimes reduce the individual evacuation times by detouring and avoiding congestions, but the greedy behavior makes the whole evacuation inefficient.
Capitella teleta , a new species designation for the opportunistic and experimental Capitella sp. I, with a review of the literature for confirmed records

This paper provides a morphological description of Capitella teleta sp. nov., an opportunistic capitellid that is also commonly used as an experimental polychaete under the provisional designation Capitella sp. I. The species is widely distributed along the east and west coasts of North America and also reported from Japan and the Mediterranean. The species belongs to a group having distinct sexual dimorphism, yet with hermaphrodites occurring under certain conditions. Morphologically, C. teleta has a long, narrow body, with all thoracic segments similar except for sexual modifications on setigers 8–9; the prostomium/peristomium combined are long, narrow and about 2.5 times as long as setiger 1. Capillary setae are present in noto- and neuropodia of setigers 1–7; setigers 8–9 have hooded hooks in noto- and neuropodia of females; genital spines replace notopodial hooks in males. A methyl green staining pattern is limited to some thoracic setigers of females; males lack a distinct staining pattern. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence is presented. Relationships of C. teleta with the type-species, C. capitata and other known species including siblings identified in laboratory culture are discussed. The syntype of Ancistria acuta Verrill, 1874, the only known species of Capitella described from New England was examined and determined to be incertae sedis . C. teleta is a highly opportunistic species and appears to be the same as the C. capitata identified from southern California as the “polluted zone indicator” by D.J. Reish in the late 1950s. An appendix with over 200 published references to research conducted on C. teleta is included.
A Systematic Study of the X̃ 2B1, Ã 2A1, and B̃ 2B2 States of the Neutral Radical PH2

The three lowest-lying electronic states of PH2, X 2B1, A2 A1, and B 2B2, have been investigated systematically using ab initio electronic structure theory. The SCF, CASSCF, CISD, CASSCF-SOCI, CCSD, and CCSD(T) levels of theory have been employed to determine total energies, equilibrium structures, and physical properties, including dipole moments, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities. The predicted geometries and physical properties of the two lowest states of PH2 are in good agreement with available experimental results. At the CCSD(T) level of theory with the correlation-consistent quadruple-ζ basis set (cc-pVQZ), the A 2A1 state of PH2 has a large bond angle of 121.9° and is predicted to lie 52.2 kcal/mol (2.26 eV, 18 300 cm-1) above the ground state. This is in excellent agreement with the experimental T0 values of 52.26 kcal/mol (2.266 eV, 18 276.59 cm-1) and 52.08 kcal/mol (2.258 eV, 18 215 cm-1). The second excited electronic state (B 2B2), not studied previously, was pred...
Current MR neurography techniques and whole-body MR neurography

MR neurography (MRN) techniques continue to evolve, leading to a better demonstration of peripheral nerve anatomy and pathology. This article discusses various technical perspectives and provides recommendations to obtain the best possible high-resolution imaging of the peripheral nerves in various areas of the body. We also discuss technical perspectives of whole-body MRN and its potential utility.
Morphology effects on the biofunctionalization of nanostructured ZnO.

A stepwise surface functionalization methodology was applied to nanostructured ZnO films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) having three different surface morphologies (i.e., nanorod layers (ZnO films-N), rough surface films (ZnO films-R), and planar surface films (ZnO films-P). The films were grown on glass substrates and on the sensing area of a quartz crystal microbalance (nano-QCM). 16-(2-Pyridyldithiol)-hexadecanoic acid (PDHA) was bound to ZnO films-N, -R, and -P through the carboxylic acid unit, followed by a nucleophilic displacement of the 2-pyridyldithiol moiety by single-stranded DNA capped with a thiol group (SH-ssDNA). The resulting ssDNA-functionalized films were hybridized with complementary ssDNA tagged with fluorescein (ssDNA-Fl). In a selectivity control experiment, no hybridization occurred upon treatment with non complementary DNA. The ZnO films' surface functionalization, characterized by FT-IR-ATR and fluorescence spectroscopy and detected on the nano-QCM, was s...
Effect of cortisone on some reactions of hypersensitivity in laboratory animals.

SummaryIn rabbits and guinea pigs sensitized with tubercle bacilli (BCG) dermal reactivity to Old Tuberculin and to cytoplasmic particles from tubercle bacilli and systemic shock produced by intraperitoneal injection of OT could be suppressed by treatment with cortisone. Four days after cessation of treatment the skin test again became positive.
RecA: Regulation and Mechanism of a Molecular Search Engine

Homologous recombination maintains genomic integrity by repairing broken chromosomes. The broken chromosome is partially resected to produce single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) that is used to search for homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This homology driven 'search and rescue' is catalyzed by a class of DNA strand exchange proteins that are defined in relation to Escherichia coli RecA, which forms a filament on ssDNA. Here, we review the regulation of RecA filament assembly and the mechanism by which RecA quickly and efficiently searches for and identifies a unique homologous sequence among a vast excess of heterologous DNA. Given that RecA is the prototypic DNA strand exchange protein, its behavior affords insight into the actions of eukaryotic RAD51 orthologs and their regulators, BRCA2 and other tumor suppressors.
STUDY ON SEDIMENTARY FACIES OF THE UPPER SHA-4-SHA-3 MEMBER OF SHAHEJIE FORMATION (PALAEOGENE) IN THE NORTHEASTERN OF ZHANHUA SAG

Zhanhua sag is a sub-sag in the northeastern Jiyang depression. During the late Sha-4 (Es4) - Sha-3 (Es3) epoch (the Fourth - Third Member of Shahejie Formation, Palaeogene), Zhanhua sag was developed into a fault-sag basin steep in the north and gentle in the south. During the late Es4 epoch, the northeastern Zhanhua sag was consisted of two sub-sags, one was located in the east and the other in the west. The deposits were mainly fan-delta, gypsum-salt lake and lacustrine facies, which generally distributed in annuluses. In the Es3 epoch, the deposits were mainly semi-deep-deep lake facies, fan-delta and sublacustrine fan facies. The semi-deep-deep lake facies was the most developed deposits and distributed a little more further to the north of the basin. The shore-shallow lake facies were mainly distributed on the north edges of the bulges in the south. The fan-delta facies were mainly distributed on the edges of the bulges. There were two types of sublacustrine fan facies, i.e., normal type and trough type. The normal sublacustrine fan facies were developed on the north edge of Gudao bulge in the south part, and the trough ones were situated on the slope zones on the steep banks of Yihezhuang bulge and Chengzikou bulge. During the middle of Es3 epoch, sublacustrine fan facies was greatly developed, two sublacustrine fans which were developed originally on the edges of Chengzikou bulge and Gudao bulge were intersected at the area around well Y115. The shape of resulting sublacustrine fan was protruded towards the west by the obstruction of Guxi fracture belt.
Rehabilitation in Brain Disorders. 1. Basic Sciences

Horn LJ: Rehabilitation in brain disorders. 1. Basic sciences. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 72:S-317-S-319. 1991. This learning module highlights the basic sciences of brain disorders and their relevance to the rehabilitation process. It is part of the chapter on rehabilitation in brain disorders for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The chapter is composed of four articles, and each builds on principles established in the others. This article contains essential information on the hierarchy and integration of cerebral neural processes, functional anatomy, and neurochemistry. It also highlights newer advances in brain plasticity and response to injury, at a cellular level and with reference to acute and secondary processes, which will likely be at the forefront of medical management and functional "damage control" in the near future. The learner is directed to articles 2, 3, and 4 in this chapter for supporting information.
THE REAL PROJECTIVE PLANE

This chapter elaborates the different aspects of the real projective plane. It would seem natural to try to determine those projective planes whose deletion subgeometries are Euclidean planes or, stated another way, to characterize the projective plane obtained by imbedding the Euclidean plane. The characterization of properties is performed to involve only concepts with Euclidean analogs that enjoy the desired invariance under projections. The characterization will depend on the relationship, established in the study of analytic geometry that exists between the Euclidean plane and the system of real numbers. The analytic study of the Euclidean plane deals, essentially, with an isomorphism between bases. The algebraic incidence basis with elements from the field of real numbers has deletion subgeometry isomorphic to basis. It is found that any pappian projective plane can be coordinated using a field constructed from the elements of the projective plane.
Investigation of thermal effects in β-Ga 2 O 3 MOSFET using pulsed IV

Recently, β-Ga 2 O 3 FETs have been introduced [1]-[3] as potential devices for high power, switching, and RF applications with increased performance and more cost effective means of production when compared to GaN or SiC. Documented material properties leading to a Baliga [4] figure of merit nearly four times that of GaN [1], indicate potential for reduced specific on resistance at higher breakdown voltages if theoretical material characteristics can be exploited. To achieve projections, however, low thermal conductivity of ∼13 W/mK [5] [6], less than a tenth of GaN or SiC [7], must be managed. We present electrical characterization for s-Ga 2 O 3 MOSFETs using both static and pulsed measurement systems. Our results show the extent of thermal effects and provide a basis for developing test protocols to effectively characterize the devices without inducing thermal effects or degradation.
Legality of Brand Hate

The legality of anti-branding images and semiotics is discussed in this chapter, with reference to various legal cases. Various anti-branding dilution cases are introduced and discussed, and brand dilution is reconceptualized as a matter of counterposed brand meaning and its associations in digital markets. Anti-branding dilution cases are examined on both a blurring and a tarnishment dilution basis. The interviews with consumers are discussed, which revealed that anti-branding has less potential for brand dilution, and more potential for brand identity collusion. By addressing both legal and marketing views of the meaning systems associated with the dilution versus collusion perspectives, this study provides an approach for understanding anti-branding dilution discussions and a way to develop better functioning branding exchange systems for digital markets. Consequently, possible changes in future branding ownership issues for digital markets are also envisioned in this chapter.
Competition and Efficiency

The foundation of the belief in the desirability of competitive markets derives from the impact of competition on economic efficiency. Economic efficiency can be defined in terms of Pareto improvement at three different levels, i.e., efficiency in distribution, efficiency in production and the efficiency in coordination of production and consumption for the whole economy. A feasible allocation vector (x,y) of the consumption vector x = (xi) for each consumer i and a production vector y = (yj) for each producer j is defined to be Pareto efficient (or Pareto optimal) if there is no other feasible allocation which is a Pareto improvement on (x,y). The first basic theorem of welfare economics states that a competitive equilibrium is a Pareto optimum. The second basic theorem states that any Pareto optimum can be realized as a particular competitive equilibrium under fairly general conditions i.e., with each Pareto optimum one can associate a price system and a system of resource ownership which would attain, as a competitive equilibrium, this particular Pareto optimum.
In-Group Favoritism Caused by Pokémon Go and the Use of Machine Learning for Principled Investigation of Potential Moderators

A large body of laboratory-based research suggests that arbitrary group assignments (ie. "minimal groups") can lead to in-group bias. We use the release of a popular augmented reality game Pokemon Go to study this phenomenon in a hybrid lab-field experiment. We analyze the behavior of 940 Pokemon Go players randomly matched to other Pokemon Go players to participate in Prisoner's Dilemma games. We find that participants are much more cooperative when their partners is from the same Pokemon Go team, demonstrating an ecologically valid occurrence of the minimal group paradigm. We also use transformed outcome lasso regressions to look for heterogeneity in treatment effects. Machine learning, rather than manual data mining, minimizes overfitting and reduces susceptibility to multiple comparison issues and researcher degrees of freedom. We find one important moderator of the effect: the salience of Pokemon Go. As it's popularity wanes, so does the size of the group bias in our experiments. Thus our full set of results show that real-world minimal group bias is quick to arise but also potentially fragile.