cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minors and sexting: legal implications

Sexting is the sending or forwarding of sexually explicit photographs or videos of the sender or someone known to the sender via cell phone. It has become common practice among young people, as cell phones are being given to adolescents at ever younger ages. Youths often send messages without giving appropriate thought to the content of the images. In studies on the subject, rates of minors who have sent sexual images range from 4 to 25 percent, depending on the age of the youths surveyed, the content of the messages and other factors. Because transferring and viewing sexually explicit material when the subject is a minor can be considered child pornography, there can be serious legal consequences. Several states have enacted legislation to help differentiate between child pornography and sexting by minors. The trend reflected in statutes has been that minors involved in sexting without other exacerbating circumstances should be charged with a less serious offense. There is no clear national consensus on how sexting by minors is adjudicated, and therefore we compared several statutes. Case examples are used to illustrate the range of legal outcomes, from felony charges to no charges. Two sexting episodes that were followed by suicide are described. We also address the role of the forensic mental health professional.
Transgenic livers expressing mitochondrial and cytosolic CK: mitochondrial CK modulates free ADP levels.

The function of creatine kinase (CK) and its effect on phosphorus metabolites was studied in livers of transgenic mice expressing human ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (CK-Mit) and rat brain CK (CK-B) ...
Geosmin (2β,6α-dimethylbicyclo[4.4.0]decan-1β-ol) production associated with Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris is cultivar specific.

The characteristic earthy flavor and aroma of table beet [Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris (garden beet group)] is due to the presence of geosmin, C12H22O, a volatile terpenoid compound commonly produced by many soil microorganisms. This study screened beet and related subspecies cultivars grown in three different environments (field, greenhouse in nonautoclaved soil, greenhouse in autoclaved soil) to evaluate the effect of cultivar and environment on geosmin level in table beet. There was no significant difference between years or between cultivars grown in autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil, indicating geosmin content may not be primarily attributable to microbial associations. A significant interaction between cultivar and environment was found, but generalizations could be made for high- or low-producing cultivars, demonstrating that geosmin levels were cultivar specific. ‘Bull’s Blood’, ‘Chioggia’, and sugar beet exhibited the highest geosmin levels. Cultivars grown in the field had the smallest range of g...
Using TV Daypart ‘Double Jeopardy Effects’ to Boost Advertising Efficiency

ABSTRACT Several TV audience studies have revealed a ‘Double Jeopardy effect’ whereby highly rated programs generate not only more viewers but also disproportionately more loyal viewers than lower-rated programs. In these cases, loyalty was measured as weekly or daily repeat viewing of an individual program. This study expands on prior work by introducing a different operationalization of audience loyalty, namely audience turnover revealed within multi-hour dayparts. By concentrating on continuous audience retention, the researchers demonstrate how this approach could yield new media-buying strategies in terms of boosting frequency of exposure without sacrificing reach. Over 100 Nielsen diary-based sweep markets were analyzed to confirm that a double-jeopardy effect does in fact exist using this different methodology.
Ion induced electron emission from chemically cleaned Si and Ge

A compelling yet basic question regarding ion induced electron emission (IIEE) from semiconductors has never been experimentally investigated: Can a larger number of electrons in the conduction band (closer in energy to the vacuum level) cause a larger IIEE yield (γ)? The lack of fundamental measurements of γ under varying surface and sub-surface circumstances has left this question open to speculation. Recent measurements related to IIEE from semiconductors have suggested that deep sub-surface conditions may in fact lead to significant variations in γ. In this work, the IIEE yields of chemically cleaned silicon and germanium bombarded with a variety of noble gas ions have been measured at energies between 25 and 300 eV. Our measurements indicate that while the IIEE yields depend strongly on the ion being tested (due to the ion's potential energy) they do not increase with increasing conduction band electron density. These measurements are consistent with the assumption made in the most widely accepted theory for IIEE, and with our extension of this theory to incorporate conduction band electrons.
Enhancing Interactions between Research Lab Students & Their Communities

We present a simple strategy that professors and research students can use to coordinate scientific education-outreach programs in the wider community. The focal points of this strategy are the use of preexisting community networks and the development of a simple but engaging educational program. Employing this straightforward model can help reduce the activation barrier for lab members who are interested in becoming involved in scientific outreach.
Human Mating Systems

A variety of different mating systems—distributions of sexual activity within populations—exist in the animal world. Much recent theory in evolutionary biology has clarified the circumstances giving rise to mating systems. An issue of long-standing interest concerns the mating systems of ancestral hominins, giving rise to human mating adaptations. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that humans evolved the capacity to pair-bond, with monogamous or, less commonly, polygynous mating arrangements prevailing and men investing in offspring. At the same time, human mating systems have likely been variable (as they now are, within foraging societies), contingent on ecological circumstances.
Keynote presentation 3: Evaluation and analysis of heuristic methods

Heuristics are used for a wide variety of purposes in numerous and diverse optimization applications. In many of these applications, there is a need to measure and evaluate heuristic performance. The purposes for measurement include choosing between heuristics, obtaining guidance about heuristic design, and understanding how problem characteristics affect performance. The variety of both heuristic purposes and details of the application complicate the selection of an appropriate heuristic and performance measure. As a result, the literature contains numerous examples of problematic evaluation and analysis. To improve the process, we propose a detailed theory of heuristic measure selection. This theory provides a foundation for the selection of an appropriate approach to evaluate heuristic performance.
Hot Interconnects 23

The guest editors introduce the special issue on high-performance interconnects and discuss the four articles chosen for the issue from the 2015 IEEE Symposium on High Performance Interconnects.
Historical Survey of the Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Study of Biological Molecules

In the survey which follows there is no attempt to reference all the work in the area. Representative papers are referenced but because of the restricted length of this article many excellent studies could not be included. We have rather arbitrarily divided the survey into decades for convenience. We have pointed out papers which appear to be milestones but in some cases there may be a certain amount of personal prejudice involved. Omission of some important papers simply reflects the limitations of the authors and not a judgement that they are less important than the referenced works.
Higher Order Scalar Difference Equations

In this first section of Chapter 4 we obtain sufficient conditions for the persistent oscillations of bounded solutions of the m-th order difference equation $${x_n} = f({x_{n - 1}}, \ldots ,{x_{n - m}}),{\kern 1pt} n = 1,2,3, \ldots $$ (7.15) where f : D → ℝ with D ⊂ ℝ m . The concept of persistent oscillations is essentially a nonlinear one, because it does not occur in a structurally stable form for linear equations. The traditional way in which bounded, non-decaying oscillations are defined requires an equilibrium or fixed point about which a trajectory oscillates. In spite of its natural appeal, this notion which is borrowed from the linear theory is inadequate for describing all possible types of oscillatory behavior in discrete time (see the Notes for this section).
New audit partner identification rules may offer opportunities and benefits

Abstract From the WorldCom and Enron accounting debacles that triggered the demise of Arthur Andersen to Ernst & Young’s 2013 and 2015 settlements of claims that its audits facilitated massive accounting fraud by financial services firm Lehman Brothers, large-scale financial scandals have led to increasing scrutiny of public auditors. Investors are justifiably eager to ascertain the quality of audits of public companies when making investment decisions. In the U.K., the reputation of the audit partner is recognized as a signal of audit quality, and as such, the names of the lead partners have been disclosed to the public since 2009. The U.S. standard of providing the auditing firm name without identifying the lead partner recently changed to match the U.K. and EU standard after much debate. As of May 2016, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has adopted—and the Securities and Exchange Commission has approved—new regulations that will require the public disclosure of the individual audit partner responsible for each public company audit, as well as the identification of any additional accounting firms that contribute to the audit. This article examines the new rules in light of disclosure requirements imposed on other professionals, as well as international auditor disclosure requirements. The accounting profession has generally opposed the new disclosures, but this article suggests opportunities and benefits for the profession as a result of the changes, including the opportunity for audit partners to develop individual reputations for quality and specialization. In addition, this article makes recommendations for business managers, owners, and investors for making the best use of the information the new disclosures will provide.
Suppressed Ion Migration in Low-Dimensional Perovskites

Ion migration, which occurs in regular three-dimensional perovskites, is shown to be suppressed in low-dimensional perovskites both in the dark and under illumination, an indication of better stability of these materials for solar cells and light-emitting diodes.
LCZ696 (Sacubitril/Valsartan), an Angiotensin-Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor, Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and Vasculopathy in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) is a promising agent that has shown significant potential in treatment of heart failure. We hypothesized that LCZ696 is more effective than valsartan alone in the treatment of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with experimental CKD. Methods and Results Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy and were subsequently randomized to no treatment (CKD), 30 mg/kg valsartan (VAL), or 60 mg/kg LCZ696 (LCZ). After 8 weeks, cardiovascular parameters, including markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial abundance/function, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, were measured. Treatment with LCZ resulted in significant improvements in the heart-body weight ratio and serum concentrations of N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide and fibroblast growth factor 23 along with improvement of kidney function. In addition, LCZ ameliorated aortic fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, reduced markers of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved indicators of mitochondrial mass/function. Although VAL also improved some of these indices, treatment with LCZ was more effective than VAL alone. Conclusions CKD-associated cardiovascular abnormalities, including myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial depletion/dysfunction, were more effectively attenuated by LCZ treatment than by VAL alone.
Toward a Thinking Microscope

Convolutional neural networks and deep learning can boost the capabilities of standard optical microscopes to levels comparable to those of some higher-end imaging systems.
THE STUDY OF RADICAL REACTION KINETICS BY TIME-RESOLVED ESR

The use of time-resolved ESR spectroscopy to study the kinetics and mechanism of reaction of radicals formed by pulse radiolysis is described. The method is of particular advantage over optical methods where the exact structure of the radical is in doubt or the optical absorption is weak. These advantages are illustrated by several radical conversions such as from the enol − O 2 CC(OH)=CCO 2 − to − O 2 CC(=O)CHCO − 2 and by studies of the polymerization of H 2 C=CCO − 2 with HCCCO − 2 . In addition, the two isomeric radicals formed by OH addition to p-hydroxybenzoate at the ortho and meta positions have been detected and their differing rates of dehydration and oxidation studied.
Taxonomic criteria for Mycobacteria and nocardiae.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the taxonomy of mycobacteria and nocardiae. Taxonomy is the study of the bases, principles, procedures, and rules for classifying organisms. There are three distinct aspects of taxonomy: classification, nomenclature, and identification. In the early period of the development of bacteriology as a science, only a few characteristics of bacteria could be studied. Bacteria, therefore, was arranged in groups based upon morphological features, staining properties, and a few physiological tests, such as gelatin liquefaction. As bacteriology progressed, the number of recognizable attributes of bacterial cells and populations increased. The chapter describes three types of classification systems: cardinal classification, numerical taxonomy, and natural classification. The historically diagnostic characteristic of the mycobacteria is that they are acid-fast, but this property is not always sufficient to distinguish them from strains of nocardiae and corynebacteria. Mycobacteria and nocardiae are intensely pigmented when grown in the light, but are pale or colorless when grown in the dark. Colonial morphology of mycobacteria and nocardiae is altered by the addition of malachite green to the culture medium. The nocardiae are considered obligate aerobes, gram-positive, occasionally slightly acid-fast, and non-motile.
Academic misconduct: An examination of its association with the dark triad and antisocial behavior

Abstract Previous research has shown clear relationships between academic misconduct and the dark triad personality traits (psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism). The present study aims to replicate and extend these findings by examining the relationship between different types of academic misconduct and the dark triad traits. We also explore the relationship between academic misconduct and antisocial behavior. Participants (330 university students) completed questionnaires measuring academic misconduct, the dark triad, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior. Most participants (77%) admitted committing at least one form of academic misconduct. When controlling for impulsivity, psychopathy was the only dark triad variable associated with academic misconduct. When primary psychopathy and secondary psychopathy were considered, only primary psychopathy was associated with academic misconduct. These results suggest that the core personality features of psychopathy may account for its link with academic misconduct, rather than features of social disinhibition and impulsivity. The antisocial behavior of rule breaking was associated with falsification, as well as high risk and low risk academic misconduct; social aggression was associated with copying; and none of the antisocial behaviors were associated with plagiarism. Based on these findings, it is suggested that academic misconduct is common in university students and instructors should take preventative measures to reduce these behaviors.
A Good Fooling: Journalism’s Narrative of Surprise Military Homecomings:

A narrative analysis was performed on recent media texts regarding the return of members of the US military and staged reunions with their family members. The USA’s current state of permanent war m...
International Contributions toward the Conquest of Polio

In October 1986 Paul Mellon flew his own jet to Aldergrove, thence to Ulster-American Folk Park near Omagh. ToMellon’s surprise, he was met by a delegation headed by Park Director Denis MacNeice. Paul Mellon was then escorted to Camp Hill Cottage, where his grandfather, Thomas Mellon had been born in 1813. His grandfather left in 1817 for Baltimore, Maryland (memoir published privately 1885). The visages of Grandfather Thomas and Paul, both in their 70s areremarkably similar1 (Fig. 1). Open in a separate window Fig 1 Paul Mellon, oil on canvas, by William Franklin Draper (1912-2003), 1974, 48.25 x 40.12 inches, image no. 183.75.1, from the collections of the U.S. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, and reproduced with permission. Paul Mellon wrote, “While flying [in his jet] on the return journey from Belfast to Heathrow my thoughts continually reverted to my grandfather. Would he have seen me as an effete wastrel or as the son of a sensible son”1. The Mellon family having moved from Ulster to Pittsburgh, in 1948 they funded the founding of the University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health to support Jonas Salk. They also supported Eric Ashby in the founding of Clare Hall and the maintenance of Clare.
Troubling Structures: A Material-Embodied Pedagogy of Technical Difficulty

Abstract This article frames technical difficulty as a pedagogical opportunity, arguing that we must bring to the fore materialities and embodiments rather than oversimplify them for the sake of technical ease. Technical difficulty may renew a sense of medium as material, intensify embodied affect, and prompt instructors to consider how we can more ethically relate to our tools and to our students through attentiveness to structures of power and oppression. I describe how gendered dynamics of technical expertise are reflected in white, cis women student narratives of technical difficulty. I conclude by offering four characteristics of “feminist troubleshooting” and offer practical suggestions and strategies for implementing a material-embodied pedagogy of technical difficulty. This pedagogy can make digital and multimodal learning more inviting and appealing for all students, but especially those who do not identify with cis, straight, white, able-bodied, and/or masculine orientations.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate: From insipid lipid to a key regulator

It is a great honor to be asked to write a "Reflections" article by one of the true icons of biochemistry, Herb Tabor. I felt humbled, especially since it follows many written by biochemists I admire and whose contributions have shaped major advances in biochemistry and molecular biology in the last century. Here I present my personal reflections on my adventure with the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate intertwined with those of my family life as a wife, mother, and grandmother. These reflections brought back many memories of events in my early career that played significant roles in determining the path I have taken for more than 40 years and that brought much fun and satisfaction into my life. It has been an exciting journey so far, with many surprises along the way, that still continues.
La influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en la documentación del proceso penal español

The present work aims to analyse the impact of the new technologies in the procedural documentation, specially, in the act of oral trial. However, it will review the effects of these technologies in the right to appeal and its relation with other fundamental procedural rights. With an illustrative intention, it will be present the problem of the defective act, as a cause of nullity of the legal trial and possible case study of patrimonial responsibility from the public administration.Â Â
4.02 – Enzyme Regulation*

The expression and activity of enzymes associated with biotransformation are controlled by a wide range of mechanisms. The amount of the enzyme available in a cell can be regulated either at the stage of transcription or at various post-transcriptional steps. This chapter provides a summary of various mechanisms identified thus far, including those affected by xenobiotic exposure, genetic polymorphisms, and epigenetic events, for the regulation of levels of biotransformation enzymes, particularly P450 enzymes. Remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of how xenobiotic compounds regulate the transcription of various biotransformation enzymes, but much less has been learned as to how xenobiotic compounds regulate post-transcriptional events. Thus, emphasis is placed here on the primary transcriptional regulators, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the constitutive active/androstane receptor (CAR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); these factors are responsible for the induction of numerous biotransformation genes, in response to exposure to xenobiotic compounds.
Estimating Galactic Distances From Images Using Self-supervised Representation Learning.

We use a contrastive self-supervised learning framework to estimate distances to galaxies from their photometric images. We incorporate data augmentations from computer vision as well as an application-specific augmentation accounting for galactic dust. We find that the resulting visual representations of galaxy images are semantically useful and allow for fast similarity searches, and can be successfully fine-tuned for the task of redshift estimation. We show that (1) pretraining on a large corpus of unlabeled data followed by fine-tuning on some labels can attain the accuracy of a fully-supervised model which requires 2-4x more labeled data, and (2) that by fine-tuning our self-supervised representations using all available data labels in the Main Galaxy Sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we outperform the state-of-the-art supervised learning method.
Musical Works as Structural Universals

In the ontology of music the Aristotelian theory of musical works is the view that musical works are immanent universals. The Aristotelian theory (hereafter Musical Aristotelianism) is an attractive and serviceable hypothesis. However, it is overlooked as a genuine competitor to the more well-known theories of Musical Platonism and nominalism. Worse still, there is no detailed account in the literature of the nature of the universals that the Aristotelian identifies musical works with. In this paper, I argue that the best version of Musical Aristotelianism identifies musical works with structural universals. I first motivate the view by outlining its explanatory benefits. I then argue that Musical Aristotelianism is preferable to Musical Platonism and present a novel account of musical works as structural universals by developing D. M. Armstrong’s theory of structural universals. I discuss the consequences of Musical Aristotelianism with respect to on-going issues in debates about musical works and defend the view against an influential objection, concluding that Musical Aristotelianism is a genuine competitor in debates about the nature of musical works.
Online Learning with Uncertain Feedback Graphs.

Online learning with expert advice is widely used in various machine learning tasks. It considers the problem where a learner chooses one from a set of experts to take advice and make a decision. In many learning problems, experts may be related, henceforth the learner can observe the losses associated with a subset of experts that are related to the chosen one. In this context, the relationship among experts can be captured by a feedback graph, which can be used to assist the learner's decision making. However, in practice, the nominal feedback graph often entails uncertainties, which renders it impossible to reveal the actual relationship among experts. To cope with this challenge, the present work studies various cases of potential uncertainties, and develops novel online learning algorithms to deal with uncertainties while making use of the uncertain feedback graph. The proposed algorithms are proved to enjoy sublinear regret under mild conditions. Experiments on real datasets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel algorithms.
Gender, Sexuality and Museums : A Routledge Reader

1. Introduction Part 1: Women in Museum Work 2. Women in the Temple: Gender and Leadership in Museums, Marjorie Schwarzer 3. The New Girl in the Old Boy Network: Elizabeth Esteve-Coll in the V&A, Ruth Adams 4. Museums, Women, and Empowerment in the MENA Countries, Carol Malt Part 2: Theories A. Feminist Theory 5. Looking at Museums from a Feminist Perspective, Hilde Hein 6. A Woman's Audience: A Case Study of Applied Feminist Theories, Barbara Clark Smith B. Queer Theory 7. Why Grapple With Queer When You Can Fondle It? Embracing our Erotic Intelligence, Paul Gabriel 8. Queer is Here? Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Histories and Public Culture, Robert Mills Part 3: Collections and Exhibitions A. Women in (and out of) Exhibits 9. Art World Power and Women's Incognito Work: The Case of Edward and Jo Hopper, Gail Levin 10. Looking for the 'Total' Woman in Wartime: A Museological Work in Progress, Laura Brandon 11. Pioneering Women Revisited: Representations of Gender in Some Israeli Settlement Museums, Tamar Katriel 12. 'Thanks, But We'll Take It from Here': Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women Influencing the Collection of Tangible and Intangible Heritage, Olivia Robinson and Trish Barnard B. LGBTQ Out (and in) Exhibits 13. The Warren Cup: Highlighting Hidden Histories, Stuart Frost 14. Hidden Histories: The Experience of Curating a Male Same Sex Exhibition and the Problems Encountered, Michael Petry 15. Representing Lesbians and Gay Men in British Social History Museums, Angela Vanegas 16. Sister Fire: Representing the Legacies of Leatherwomen, Robert Ridinger Part 4: Case Studies A. The Nature of Gender 17. Gender Representation in the Natural History Galleries in the Manchester Museum, Rebecca Machin 18. Straight Talk: Evolution Exhibits and the Reproduction of Heterosexuality, Amy K. Levin B. Queering Modernity 19. In Pursuit of Spiritual Calling: Katherine S. Dreier, Galka E. Scheyer, and Hilla von Rebay, Isabel Wunsche 20. A Conversation with Artists Carrie Moyer, Sheila Pepe, Stephen Mueller, and Andrew Robinson, Frank Holliday 21. Bodies of Evidence: Queering Disclosure in the Art of Jasper Johns, Gavin Butt C. Memorials and Memorializing: The Heritage we Create 22. Representing Possibility: Mourning, Memorial, and Queer Museology, Anna Conlan 23. House Museums or Walk-In Closets? The (Non) Representation of Gay Men in the Museums They Called Home, Joshua Adair 24. Breeders on a Golf Ball: Normalizing Sex at Ellis Island, Erica Rand Part 5: Bibliographic Essay 25. Museum Studies Texts and Museum Subtexts, Anna Conlan and Amy K. Levin. Index
Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning.

Previous studies (e.g., Wulf, Hoss, & Prinz, 1998) have shown that motor learning can be enhanced by directing performers' attention to the effects of their movements ("external focus"), rather than to the body movements producing the effect ("internal focus"). The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increasing the distance between the body and the action effects might further enhance the learning advantages associated with an external focus of attention. The distance of the external effect was manipulated by instructing three groups of participants learning to balance on a stabilometer to focus on markers attached to the platform located at different distances from their feet. Specifically, two groups were to focus on distant markers on the outside ("far-outside") or inside ("far-inside") of the platform, respectively, whereas another group was instructed to focus on markers close to their feet ("near"). In a retention test administered after two days of practice, all three external-focus groups showed generally more effective balance learning than an internal-focus control group. In addition, the far-outside and far-inside groups demonstrated similar performances, and both were more effective than the near group. Furthermore, the far-outside and far-inside groups showed higher-frequency movement adjustments than the near group. These results suggest that focusing on more distant effects results in enhanced learning by promoting the utilization of more natural control mechanisms. The findings are in line with a "constrained action" hypothesis that accounts for the relatively poorer learning associated with an attentional focus directed towards effects in close proximity to the body, or towards the body itself.
Cystic fibrosis--an otolaryngologic perspective.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal genetic disorder in white patients. The protean manifestations of the disease result from exocrine gland dysfunction and include chronically debilitating pulmonary and pancreatic compromise and clinically inconsequential (although diagnostically extremely important) sweat electrolyte abnormalities. The subject of this article is the otolaryngologic manifestations of the disease, based on a retrospective analysis of 450 cases. Nasal polyposis and sinusitis occurred in 10% and 11% of patients, respectively, and polypectomy was, after laparotomy, the most common surgical procedure these children underwent. The extent of intranasal surgery for polyposis was found to be inversely proportional to the recurrence rate. A simple polypectomy was relatively ineffective treatment; when performed in conjunction with a Caldwell-Luc and either an intranasal or extranasal ethmoidectomy, the recurrence rate was less than 13%. Otologic problems, found in 8% of patients, includ...
The genesis of SIS mixers - the legacy of John Tucker in radio astronomy

In 1979, John Tucker showed that if the nonlinearity of a mixer diode is so sharp that its conductance changes significantly over a voltage increment hf/e, then its mixer characteristics are no longer described by classical mixer theory (e.g., as normally used for Schottky diode mixers). Under these conditions a resistive diode mixer can have conversion gain and/or negative port impedances. Tucker's quantum mixer theory provided the theoretical foundation for a revolution in low-noise coherent receivers for radio astronomy in the millimeter and sub-millimeter bands.
Gender, Age, and Season at Immunization Uniquely Influence the Genetic Control of Susceptibility to Histopathological Lesions and Clinical Signs of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis: Implications for the Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS), the principal inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is believed to have an immunopathological etiology arising from gene-environment interactions. In this study, we examined the effect of sex, age, and season at immunization on the susceptibility of (B10.S × SJL/J) F2 intercross mice to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the foremost animal model of MS. Results of logistic regression analyses suggest that female mice were more likely to exhibit CNS lesions than male mice [odds ratio (OR) = 2.28 for brain lesions; OR = 2.37 for spinal cord (SC) lesions]. Although statistically significant associations were seen between brain and SC lesions and age at the time of injection or month of injection when examined separately; these associations disappeared when controlling for sex in multiple logistic regression analyses. These results suggest that the sex of the mouse is more important in influencing the development of brain and SC lesions than was either age or month of immunization. When examining clinical disease as the endpoint, the OR for the age at immunization is 1.04, indicating that the odds of being affected increase by 4% for each increasing week of age. When controlled for age, the OR for injection in the summer months (July through September) is 1.90, suggesting that the odds of being clinically affected are 90% greater for F2 intercross animals injected in the summercompared to those injected in the winter to spring months (February through May). In contrast to CNS lesions, the age and season at immunization significantly and independently influenced susceptibility to clinical EAE and did so equally in both males and females. Linkage analysis to eae5, the H2-linked locus controlling susceptibility to clinical disease, was performed using 6- to 12- and >12-week-old cohorts as well as summer and winter/spring cohorts of F2 mice. Significant linkage of clinical EAE to eae5 was observed with the 6- to 12-week-old and summer populations. In contrast, linkage of clinical EAE to eae5 was not detected with the >12-week-old and winter/spring populations. These results indicate that age and seasonal effects are capable of overriding eae5-dependent genetic control of susceptibility to clinical EAE and have significant implications for the genetics of MS.
High dose statin loading prior to percutaneous coronary intervention decreases cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of statin loading prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background Statin loading prior to PCI has been shown to decrease peri-procedural myocardial infarction (pMI) but less is known regarding the clinical benefit of pre-procedural statin loading. Methods We searched for trials of statin naive patients presenting with stable angina or NSTE-ACS and treated with statins prior to PCI. We evaluated the incidence of pMI and major cardiac events including spontaneous myocardial infarction, death, and target vessel revascularization. Results Out of 1,210 articles, 14 randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Among 3,146 patients, 1,591 patients were randomized to a loading dose of statin before PCI and 1,555 patients were given statin therapy initiated only after the PCI. Statin loading prior to PCI was associated with a 56% relative reduction in pMI (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.35–0.56; P < 0.00001). There was a 41% reduction in clinical events in follow-up in the group of patients treated with statin loading prior to PCI (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.92, P = 0.02). When stratified according to the clinical presentation, the results were only significant for those patients with NSTE-ACS (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.07–0.47; P = 0.0005) and was not noted in the group of patients who underwent PCI for stable angina (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.53–1.61; P = 0.78). Conclusions High dose statin therapy given prior to PCI in patients with NSTE-ACS is associated with a reduction in pMI and short-term clinical events. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elaborating a Change Process Model for Elementary Mathematics Teachers Beliefs and Practices

This report focuses on the processes of change in beliefs and practices experienced by practicing elementary school teachers during a sixteen-session course using two of the modules from the Developing Mathematical Ideas (DMI) materials. We identify a collection of six metaphors for knowing, learning, and teaching mathematics to succinctly describe and categorize teachers beliefs. We present three case studies representing a continuum of change in beliefs observed among the participants of the DMI course. We relate this continuum both to the beliefs teachers brought to the course and to their degree of engagement in various components of a change process model. Using this model of change, we analyze the ways in which teachers expressed interest in change, problematized their beliefs, experimented with possible solutions, and reflected on experimental results leading to changes in beliefs and practices. The results of our analysis indicate that variations in change among participants can be explained by variations in their levels of engagement in particular elements of the change model by the learning activities of the DMI course.
Epiphyseal-Metaphyseal Enchondromatosis. A New Clinical Entity*

We reviewed the cases of eight unrelated children who had an unusual form of enchondromatosis characterized by unilateral enchondromas arising within the epiphyseal and metaphyseal regions of the long tubular bones of the lower extremity. Unlike previously described enchondromas, the lesions developed extensively within the epiphysis before closure of the growth plate and there was direct extension across the epiphyseal growth plate into the metaphysis. The lesions resulted in severe limb-length discrepancy and angular deformity (which increased in every patient after the time of presentation), asymmetrical premature physeal arrest, and joint incongruity, all of which necessitated numerous operative procedures. Seven patients had limb-lengthening and one had a Boyd amputation without lengthening. Five patients had a second lengthening procedure. Twenty-seven osteotomies (range, one to five procedures per patient) were done; six patients had a repeat osteotomy. Four patients had an epiphyseodesis. We believe that these lesions represent a previously undescribed clinical entity, which we termed epiphyseal-metaphyseal enchondromatosis.
Procedures for Culturing Diploid Cells and Preparation of Meiotic Chromosomes from Dwarf Species of Hamsters

Among the 12 species and subspecies of dwarf hamsters that comprise the genus CricetultiSy only three have been domesticated to serve as laboratory specimens: the Chinese hamster (2n = 22), C. griseus; the Armenian hamster (2n = 22), C. migratorius; and the Dzungarian hamster (2n = 28), Phodopus songorus (Yerganian, 1958; Yerganian and Papoyan, 1965; Pogosianz and Sokova, 1967). The contents of this chapter apply specifically to the cell and animal systems of the two former species, as developed and applied in this laboratory to assess mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of chemical and viral agents. With inbreeding advanced to the thirty-fifth generation of brother-sister matings, corresponding in vitro and in vivo studies are now being conducted, for the first time in 20 years, using near-isogenic, histocompatible animals and derived cell lines. The latter achievement has also been supplemented by the formulation of growth media which encourage normal, malignant, and virus-transformed cells to retain their original (diploid) karyotype and proliferate indefinitely at optimal rates. Together, these more recent developments provide the desired genetic uniformity for our current molecular approaches to establish basic levels of biochemical parameters peculiar to diploid cell lines differing in experimental backgrounds. In the absence of secondary, unrelated aneuploidy among the different cell lines, and availability of the parent diploid control cell lines, genetic uniformity prevails throughout the cell system(s) and unrelated physiological attributes associated with secondary aneuploidy per se pose no immediate problems.
Rectangular pixel-based fractal diffraction patterns

Fractals have been used successfully in generating missing information in scene reconstruction. If this information is processed using coherent optical techniques, then it is important to understand the properties of the Fourier transforms of fractals. Since fractals with square or rectangular bases are representative of pixel structures found on most electrically adressed spatial light modulators, a square-based fractal has been generated and its far field diffraction pattern calculated. The properties of the resulting Fourier spectrum are discussed.
Spurious center-of-mass motion

Abstract A simple numerical procedure is given for the removal of states with spurious center-of-mass components. The method does not require explicit construction of the spurious states. It is shown that removal of spurious components signifivantly modifies the 16 O spectrum of Zuker, Buck and McGrory.
Work in progress: Transitioning from novice to expert software engineers through design patterns: Is it really working?

Since their wide adoption by the software engineering community in the mid-90's, design patterns have become an important educational component in the training of novice software engineers due to the common belief that, as distilled experience of seasoned software designers, they can transform novice software engineers into skilled professionals in a relatively short time frame. This paper questions the validity of this commonly-held belief about the educational value of conventional patterns, arguing that although there is tremendous value in capturing and disseminating software engineering experience in the form of patterns, conventional design patterns cannot deliver on this expectation to significantly shorten the experience growth curve. We report initial results from an ongoing research project that aims to not only identify the difficulties in using conventional patterns as educational means for novices, but also to use such insights to develop new forms of patterns to help educators and experts to more effectively communicate and transfer their software engineering knowledge, experience, and understanding of best practices to novices.
The structure of attitudes to doomsday issues: A Replication

Abstract The issues of overpopulation, pollution, and the prospect of nuclear war have all been discussed as environmental crises with doomsday ramifications. Braithwaite and Law (1977) developed a three-faceted 24-item doomsday issues questionnaire. The present study is a replication of this earlier study and is designed to investigate the underlying structure of the doomsday belief statements along the three theoretical facets. A total of 168 introduction to psychology students were administered the doomsday issues questionnaire and a liberalism-conservatism ale as a marker variable. The five components retained were rotated using the Harris-Kaiser independent cluster oblique solution. The analyses revealed two general components of doomsday consciousness. Component 1 was a general component primarily concerned with the ineffectiveness of actions taken by individuals and humanity in general. Component 2 also was a general component in terms of both personal and societal commitment to action. Component 3...
What the communication journal tell us about teaching listening

(1985). What the communication journal tell us about teaching listening. Central States Speech Journal: Vol. 36, No. 1-2, pp. 24-32.
A study on the optimal time synchronization accuracy in wireless sensor networks

Time synchronization may play a key role in wireless sensor networks to meet real-time and energy-saving requirements and improve data-fusion and multiplexing efficiency. In this paper, under given constraints of hardware and mathematical models, we have studied performance limitations of the time synchronization for wireless sensor networks in terms of synchronization accuracy. First, sources of synchronization errors have been identified and a mathematical model has been introduced to analyze time synchronization schemes. Second, error distributions and the accuracy limitations have been formulated according to different error-source parameters. Third, a lightweight protocol is proposed, which is capable of approaching the performance limit as well as suppressing the communication overheads. Our idea is based on the observation that there is synchronization-error correlation between nodes receiving the same sequence of time-synchronization packets. Finally the theoretical analyses have been validated by simulation results.
Anomaly detection in wavelet domain for long-wave FLIR imagery

This paper describes a new wavelet-based anomaly detection technique for Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) sensor consisting a Long-wave (LW) and a Mid-wave (MW) sensor. The proposed approach called wavelet-RX algorithm consists of a combination of a two-dimensional (2-D) wavelet transform and the well-known multivariate anomaly detector called the RX algorithm. In our wavelet-RX algorithm, a 2-D wavelet transform is first applied to decompose the input image into uniform subbands. A number of significant subbands (high energy subbands) are concatenated together to form a subband-image cube. The RX algorithm is then applied to each subbandimage cube obtained from wavelet decomposition of LW and MW sensor data separately. Experimental results are presented for the proposed wavelet-RX and the classical CFAR algorithm for detecting anomalies (targets) in a single broadband FLIR (LW or MW) sensors. The results show that the proposed wavelet-RX algorithm outperforms the classical CFAR detector for both LW and for MW FLIR sensors data.
Skeletal Phenotype of Growing Transgenic Mice that Express a Function-Perturbing Form of β1 Integrin in Osteoblasts

Skeletal modeling entails the deposition of large amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) to form structures tailored to withstand increasing mechanical loads during rapid growth. Specific ECM molecules bind to integrin receptors on the cell surface, thereby triggering a cascade of signaling events that affect critical cell functions. To evaluate the role of integrins during skeletal growth, transgenic mice were engineered to express a function-perturbing fragment of beta1 integrin consisting of the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail under the control of the osteocalcin promoter (TG mice). Thus, transgene expression was targeted to mature cells of the osteoblast lineage, and herein we show that cultured cells resembling osteocytes from 90-day-old TG mice display impaired adhesion to collagen I, a ligand for beta1 integrin. To determine the influence of beta1 integrin on bones that are responsible for providing structural support during periods of rapid growth, we examined the phenotype of the appendicular skeleton in TG mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. According to radiographs, bones from mice of both genotypes between 14 and 90 days of age appeared similar in gross structure and density, although proximal tibiae from 35-90 days old TG mice were less curved than those of WT mice (72-92% TG/WT). Although there were only mild and transient differences in absolute bone mass and strength, once normalized to body mass, the tibial dry mass (79.1% TG/WT females), ash mass (78.5% TG/WT females), and femoral strength in torsion (71.6% TG/WT females) were reduced in TG mice compared to WT mice at 90 days of age. Similar effects of genotype on bone mass and curvature were observed in 1-year-old retired breeders, indicating that these phenotypic differences between TG and WT mice were stable well into adulthood. Effects of genotype on histomorphometric indices of cancellous bone turnover were minimal and evident only transiently during growth, but when present they demonstrated differences in osteoblast rather than osteoclast parameters. Together, these results suggest that integrin signals generated during growth enhance the acquisition of a skeletal mass, structure, and strength to withstand the mechanical loads generated by weight-bearing.