cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are we asking the right questions? Predictive validity comparison of four structured interview question types

Abstract This research contributes to the interviewing literature via an empirical study that includes all four major structured interview question types: past behavioral, situational, background, and job knowledge. The latter two question types are often used in practice but have received little scholarly attention, and no research has looked at all four in the same study. We theoretically derive a conceptual model comparing and contrasting all four question types, with each being hypothesized to predict job performance directly and predict turnover (as mediated by job performance) indirectly. Results indicated that ratings of background, situational, and past behavioral interview questions significantly predicted job performance. Further analysis revealed that both past behavioral and background ratings had a significant indirect relationship with turnover, as mediated by job performance ratings.
The impact of structural factors on diagnostic delay in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background Reducing diagnostic delays in cancer has been a major interest worldwide; however, the literature on diagnostic delays in lymphoma remains scarce. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We aimed to determine whether certain structural factors predicted diagnostic delays in DLBCL and whether diagnostic delays impacted overall survival (OS). Methods Data were extracted via a retrospective cohort design from a single academic tertiary care referral center. A total of 104 patients were included. Time from first symptoms to diagnosis of Results "Delayed diagnosis" was more likely with lower stage, lower international prognostic index (IPI), and further distance from referral center (OR 0.66, CI 0.46-0.95; OR 0.69, CI 0.51-0.94; OR 1.008, CI 1.001-1.015). Patients of "other" ethnicity and without medical insurance were more likely to have significant diagnostic delays and worse overall survival (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively). Diagnostic delays of ≥3 months did not predict worse OS. However, delays of >6 months did predict worse OS. Conclusion Our data suggest that excessive diagnostic delays of more than 6 months, ethnic minority status, and uninsured status in DLBCL may lead to worse outcomes. Efforts should be undertaken to reduce excessive diagnostic delays. More investigation needs to be done on the impacts of diagnostic delays in both DLBCL and other aggressive lymphomas.
Comparing bystander response to a sudden cardiac arrest using a virtual reality CPR training mobile app versus a standard CPR training mobile app.

Abstract Background Using a mobile virtual reality (VR) platform to heighten realism for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training has the potential to improve bystander response. Objectives We examined whether using a VR mobile application (mApp) for CPR training would improve bystander response compared with a standard mApp CPR training. Methods We randomized lay bystanders to either our intervention arm (VR mApp) or our control arm (mApp). During a post-intervention skills test, we collected bystander response data (call 911, perform CPR, ask for an automated external defibrillator (AED)), along with CPR quality (chest compression (CC) rate and depth). Wilcox rank sum was used to analyze CC rate and CC depth as they were not normally distributed; Pearson’s Chi-square was used to analyze Chain of Survival variables. Results Between 3/2018 and 9/2018, 105 subjects were enrolled: 52 VR mApp and 53 mApp. Mean age was 46 ± 16 years, 34% were female, 59% were Black, and 17% were currently CPR trained (≤2 years). Bystander response was significantly higher in the VR mApp arm: called 911 (82% vs 58%, p = 0.007) and asked for an AED (57% vs 28%, p = 0.003). However there was no difference in CPR performed (98% vs 98%, p = NS) and the application of the AED (90% vs 93%, p = NS). When comparing the VR mApp to the mApp, mean CC rate was 104 ± 42 cpm vs 112 ± 30 cpm (p = NS), and mean CC depth was 38 ± 15 mm vs 44 ± 13 mm (p = 0.05). Conclusion The use of the VR mApp significantly increased the likelihood of calling 911 and asking for an AED, however, CC depth was decreased.
Cross Veneration in the Medieval Islamic World: Christian Identity and Practice under Muslim Rule

The cross had become the most identifiable symbol of Christianity by the seventh century. After the Arab conquests brought large numbers of Christians under Islamic rule in the Middle East, the Chr...
A new source of 1,2-dehydro-o-carborane☆

Abstract 1,2-Dehydro- o -carborane adds to naphthalene and benzene to give Diels-Alder adducts. Treatment of the benzene adduct at 230–260 °C in the presence of acceptors leads to transfer of 1,2-dehydro- o -carborane.
Association between physical inactivity and health-related quality of life in adults with coronary heart disease.

Abstract Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides an accurate measure of the health status of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, few studies have examined the relationship between physical inactivity and HRQoL in CHD survivors. We evaluated this association in a cross-sectional study of 21,936 CHD participants in the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Methods CHD diagnosis, HRQoL and physical activity were self-reported. Physical activity (PA) was categorized (1) based on intensity, into no PA, light to moderate PA and vigorous PA; and (2) based on duration and frequency, into no PA, insufficiently active and active. HRQoL was assessed by the CDC HRQoL questionnaire. Participants with 14+ physical or mental unhealthy days in a 30-day window were grouped into poor physical or mental HRQoL. We estimated the odd ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of poor HRQoL associated with PA after adjusting for age, sex, education, income level, social support, smoking status, ethnicity/race, BMI, chronic conditions, and CHD groups. Results Compared with vigorous PA, adults with no PA had higher odds (95% CI) of poor physical HRQoL [1.82 (1.58, 2.10)] and poor mental HRQoL [1.28 (1.05, 1.55)]. When compared with active adults, AOR (95% CI) for adults with no PA were 1.80 (1.55, 2.01) and 1.17 (0.97, 1.42) for poor physical and mental HRQoL, respectively. Conclusions We found an association between physical inactivity and poor physical and mental HRQoL among CHD survivors. There is a need for longitudinal studies to determine the temporality of this association.
Theory for theatre studies: space: by Kim Solga, London and New York, Bloomsbury Methuen Drama, 2019, x + 184 pp., £45.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781350006072; £12.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781350006065

Theory for Theatre Studies: Space is the first release in the Methuen Drama Theory for Theatre Studies series, edited by Kim Solga and Susan Bennett. The goal, as noted in the preface, is to ‘unpac...
Optimizing Coping during Venipuncture Procedures with Virtual Reality in the Pediatric Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Virtual reality (VR) is a novel tool that is reported to reduce children’s pain and anxiety during medical procedures. However, prior studies only measured subjective pain and anxiety and did not include objective outcomes on coping or examine its effect on caregiver distress. Addressing these limitations would develop the growing literature on the beneficial effects of VR during pediatric procedures. The primary objective was to determine whether engagement with VR improves child and caregiver coping during venipuncture procedures in the PED. Secondarily, this study evaluated effects of engagement with VR on pain and anxiety, as well as …
District Court En Bancs

Despite the image of the solitary federal district judge, there is a long but quiet history of federal district courts deciding cases en banc. District court en bancs predate the development of en banc rehearings by the federal courts of appeals and have been used to address some of the most pressing issues before federal courts over the last one hundred years: Prohibition prosecutions, bankruptcies during the Depression, labor unrest in the 1940s, protracted desegregation cases, asbestos litigation, and the constitutionality of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines, to name a few. This Article gathers more than 140 examples of voluntary collective adjudication by district judges. While its aim is primarily descriptive and analytical, it also offers a preliminary normative defense of the occasional use of such proceedings. Building that defense requires consideration of the district courts’ inherent authority; the advisability of ad hoc procedure; and the limits of available procedural alternatives for promoting such judicial values as economy, uniformity, and decisional legitimacy. The story that emerges is a reminder of both the constant evolution of the federal courts and the importance of the district court’s institutional voice. The currently fragmented and micromanaged role of the district courts is neither inherent in the hierarchy of the federal courts nor necessarily desirable. The history of district court en bancs thus serves to highlight the ingenuity of the district courts and their unique and vital role in balancing governmental power both within the judiciary and across our federal system.
The association between hospital care transition planning and timely primary care follow-up.

Purpose To determine whether Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) Care Transitions (CTM-3) Scores were associated with timely (14-day) primary care provider (PCP) follow-up visits, and to look for disparities across various types of urban and rural hospitals. Methods Data were obtained for 3,299 hospitals: 2,000 urban, 544 micropolitan prospective payment system (PPS), 109 micropolitan critical access hospital (CAH), 252 noncore rural PPS, and 394 noncore rural CAH. HCAPPS data were drawn from CMS Hospital Compare (2015). The dependent variable, 14-day PCP follow-up rate for each hospital, was drawn from the 2015 Dartmouth Atlas. Findings In analysis adjusting only for hospital characteristics, higher CTM-3 scores were positively associated with PCP follow-up; however, the relationship was no longer significant after controlling for area-level (contextual) measures, such as percent minority population, percent unemployed, and percent uninsured. In the fully adjusted model, rates of PCP follow-up were significantly higher for micropolitan PPS, noncore PPS, and noncore CAH hospitals than for urban hospitals. Conclusions In fully adjusted analysis, the lack of significance between CTM-3 scores and PCP follow-up suggests that community characteristics facilitate or impede timely PCP follow-up to an extent that may overshadow in-hospital efforts. Disparities between CAHs and rural PPS hospitals may be due to differing enrollments in quality incentive plans; future research is needed to address this issue. Compounding this issue, the strong negative relationship between percent Medicaid reimbursement (payor mix) and PCP follow-up suggests possible disparities for safety net hospitals.
Defining the Allergic Endotype of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by Structured Histopathology and Clinical Variables.

Background Atopy has a strong association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objective To understand whether patients with atopy and CRS can be defined by markers of tissue histopathology, systemic biomarkers, and clinical factors, which may guide their response to new pharmacologic agents. Methods In a retrospective cohort of CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery, a structured histopathology report consisting of 12 variables, comorbid conditions, preoperative total serum IgE levels, and preoperative modified Lund-Kennedy endoscopic and sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) scores were compared between atopic CRS (aCRS) and non-aCRS control patients in a multivariable model. Results A total of 380 CRS patients were enrolled, 286 of whom had comorbid atopy (aCRS). Compared with non-aCRS, aCRS patients had significantly higher preoperative total SNOT-22 scores (40.45 ± 22.68 vs 29.70 ± 20.68, P = .015) and symptom-specific SNOT-22 scores in all domains except psychological dysfunction. Relative to non-aCRS, aCRS patients had increased tissue eosinophilia (P Conclusion In the context of CRS, atopy appears to be a specific predictor of CRS severity linked to specific histopathologic variables, including enhanced eosinophilic aggregates. Moving forward, allergic status may be a useful way to identify an atopic endotype of CRS patients. Furthermore, after surgery, patients are often maintained on intranasal corticosteroids. In patients whose disease is unresponsive to steroids, we may look to atopic status to identify another management therapy. Atopic CRS patients, irrespective of polyp and asthmatic status, could be optimal candidates for biologic agents such as T-helper cell, eosinophil, and/or IgE-targeted therapies.
BCL6-dependent TCF-1+ progenitor cells maintain effector and helper CD4 T cell responses to persistent antigen

Summary Shortly after priming, the fate of activated CD4 T cells is segregated into BCL6+ follicular helper T (Tfh) and BCL6− effector (Teff) cells. However, it remains unknown how these subsets are sustained in the presence of chronic antigen stimulation. Using a combination of single cell- and population-based approaches, we show that in chronic viral infection, activated CD4 T cells differentiate into BCL6-dependent TCF-1+ progenitor cells with superior capacity to expand and give rise to both Teff and Tfh. They share properties with progenitor-exhausted CD8 T cells and are required for the continued generation of Teff cells as antigen persists. In response to tumors, an analogous CD4 T cell population develops in draining lymph nodes. Our study reveals the heterogeneity and plasticity of CD4 T cells upon encountering persistent antigen and highlights their population dynamics through a stable bipotent intermediate state.
Isothermal equilibrium pressures of YTh alloy-H2 system

Abstract Isothermal equilibrium pressures of the Y4Th (3:2 by weight) alloy-H2 system were measured as a function of atomic composition [H]/[Y + Th] in the temperature range 580–1160 K. The isotherms have two plateaux in the pressure range 10−2–103 Pa. The first plateau region is attributed to the formation of YH2, and the equilibrium pressure P in pascals was found to be log P = 12.36−11300 T where T is in kelvins. The second plateau is attributed to the formation of ThH2, and the equilibrium pressure was found to be log P = 10.66−6891 T In a low atomic composition region the system obeys Sieverts' law with Sieverts' constant, expressed by Ks = 5.29 × 10−6 exp(83 300/-RT) where R = 8.314 J Kt-1 mol−1.
The Effects of Prenatal Nicotine and THC E-Cigarette Exposure on Motor Development in Rats

In the United States, nicotine and cannabis are the most common licit and illicit drugs used among pregnant women. Importantly, nicotine and cannabis are now being combined for consumption via e-cigarettes, an increasingly popular route of administration. Both nicotine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, cross the placenta barrier. However, the consequences of prenatal cannabis use are not well understood, and less is known about potential combination effects when consumed with nicotine, especially via e-cigarettes. The present study used a rodent model to examine how prenatal e-cigarette exposure to nicotine, THC, and the combination impacts motor development among offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to nicotine (36 mg/mL), THC (100 mg/mL), the combination, or vehicle via e-cigarette inhalation from gestational days (GD) 5-20. One sex pair per litter was tested on an early sensorimotor development task (postnatal days [PD] 12-20) and a parallel bar motor coordination task (PD 30-32). Combined prenatal exposure to nicotine and THC delayed sensorimotor development, even though neither drug produced impairments on their own. In contrast, prenatal exposure to either nicotine or THC impaired motor coordination, whereas combined exposure exacerbated these effects, particularly among females. These data illustrate that prenatal exposure to either nicotine or THC may alter motor development, and that the combination may produce more severe effects. These findings have important implications for pregnant women as we better understand the teratogenic effects of these drugs consumed via e-cigarettes.
Posttranslational processing and functional analysis of Tractin, an L1 family member in leech

Using monoclonal antibodies we have identified two novel intermediate filament (IF) proteins, Gliarin and Macrolin, which are specifically expressed in the central nervous system of an invertebrate. The two proteins both contain the coiled-coil rod domain typical of the superfamily of IF proteins flanked by unique Nand C-terminal domains. Gliarin was found in all glial cells including macroand microglial cells whereas Macrolin was expressed in only a single pair of giant connective glial cells. The identification of Macrolin and Gliarin together with the characterization of the strictly neuronal IF protein Filarin in leech central nervous system demonstrate that multiple neuron and glial specific IFs are not unique to the vertebrate nervous system but are also found in invertebrates. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis based on maximum parsimony indicated that the presence of neuron and glial cell specific IFs in coelomate protostomes as well as in vertebrates is not of * Department of Zoology and Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 IDepartment of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 ^Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Relational Aggression and Self-Reported Spousal Health: A Longitudinal Analysis

Previous research indicates that overt marital conflict is a risk factor for poor spousal health. However, there are no studies, to date, that examine the impact of covert conflict on spousal health. Recent research associates relational aggression, a form of covert aggressive behavior, with lower marital quality and stability. Links between relational aggression and health would add to the growing body of literature suggesting that marriage relationships impact health over time. The purpose of this study was to further understand the impact of two dimensions of relational aggression, social sabotage and love withdrawal, among married couples on health. Dyadic data from married couples (n = 331) living in the US were examined over a 5 year period of time using structural equation modeling. Results of the Actor Partner Interdependence Model indicated that wives and husbands who reported experiencing social sabotage at the beginning of the study reported a decrease in health over the 5 years of the study. No actor effects were found for the dimension of love withdrawal. One significant partner effect was found, with wives who reported experiencing love withdrawal from their husbands at the beginning of the study having husbands who experienced a decrease in health over the course of the study.
„Male depression“ in einer Bevölkerungsstichprobe junger Männer

Das Konzept der „male depression“ geht im Wesentlichen davon aus, dass die klassischen depressiven Symptome bei Mannern durch ausagierende Stresssymptome kompensiert bzw. uberdeckt werden, die nicht als Depressionssymptome gelten und daher nicht in der ublichen Depressionsdiagnostik berucksichtigt werden. An einer Bevolkerungsstichprobe von jungen Mannern (n=1004) wurden deren allgemeines Wohlbefinden und das Risiko einer Male depression anhand der WHO-5 Well-Being Scale und der Gotland Scale for Male Depression untersucht; hierbei stand die Symptomanalyse in Abhangigkeit vom Depressionsrisiko im Vordergrund. Die zu prufenden Hypothesen betrafen die Maskierung depressiver Symptome, die Dimensionalitat der Gotland Scale, die Differenzierung von Symptom-Clustern und die Bedeutung einzelner Symptome fur das Depressionsrisiko. Die Ergebnisse dokumentieren ein relativ reduziertes Wohlbefinden der 18-jahrigen Manner mit einem Risiko fur Male depression von 22%. Es fanden sich keine Hinweise auf eine Maskierung der depressiven Symptome und auf einen latenten Depressions- sowie Stressfaktor. Anhand einer Cluster-Zentren-Analyse konnten jedoch ein „Depressions-Cluster“ und ein „Stress-Cluster“ ermittelt werden; damit ergeben sich Hinweise auf die Relevanz der „mannlichen“ Symptome fur die Entwicklung einer Depression. Je hoher das Depressionsrisiko, desto ausgepragter sind die Stresssymptome. Welche Bedeutung den Befunden vor dem Hintergrund limitierender Faktoren, bisheriger Evidenzen und offener Fragen zukommt, wird abschliesend diskutiert.
General Features of the Cardiovascular System

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general overview of the cardiovascular system, to serve as a quick reference on the underlying physiological composition of this system. The rapid transport of molecules over long distances between internal cells, the body surface, and/or various specialized tissues and organs is the primary function of the cardiovascular system. This body-wide transport system is composed of several major components: blood, blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic system. When functioning normally, this system adequately provides for the wide-ranging activities that a human can accomplish. Failure in any of these components can lead to grave consequence. Subsequent chapters will cover, in greater detail, the anatomical, physiological, and/or pathophysiological features of the cardiovascular system.
Anode Cast Iron Thickness Optimization

Cast iron thickness of 24 commercial anode connections was varied by using stub holes 6.5 and 6.75 inches diameter with stubs 5.6, 5.8, and 6.0 inches diameter. Half of the stubs were preheated to 150°C before cast iron was poured; the other half had no preheat. Stub temperatures and stub-carbon resistances were measured during the first two days of pot operation. Stub-carbon resistance decreased and then leveled off with increasing stub temperature. This leveling off was an indication of the tightness of the connection. To avoid anode breakage this tightening should not occur prematurely. A stub hole one inch larger in diameter than the stub was best for castings poured with unheated stubs. Preheated stubs required thinner castings and were prone to overheating during pot operation.
Greedy Algorithms for the Multi-capacitated Metric Scheduling Problem

This paper investigates the performance of a set of greedy algorithms for solving the Multi-Capacitated Metric Scheduling Problem (MCM-SP). All algorithms considered are variants of ESTA (Earliest Start Time Algorithm), previously proposed in [3]. The paper starts with an analysis of ESTA’s performance on different classes of MCM-SP problems. ESTA is shown to be effective on several of these classes, but is also seen to have difficulty solving problems with heavy resource contention. Several possibilities for improving the basic algorithm are investigated. A first crucial modification consists of substituting ESTA’s pairwise analysis of resource conflicts with a more aggregate and thus more powerful Minimal Critical Set (MCS) computation. To cope with the combinatorial task of enumerating MCSs, several approximate sampling procedures are then defined. Some systematic sampling strategies, previously shown effective on a related but different class of scheduling problem, are found to be less effective on MCM-SP. On the contrary, a randomized MCS sampling technique is introduced, forming a variant of ESTA that is shown to be quite powerful on highly constrained problems.
Analogs and Extensions of Selberg’s Integral

This article will center on Selberg’s integral, some of its extensions, and an interesting connection with classical invariant theory. We present a direct approach to the evaluation of Selberg-type integrals of the Jack symmetric functions in the case n = 2. We show that in Selberg’s integral, the discriminant may be replaced by a large number of the classical invariants. Using results on hypergeometric functions of matrix argument, we extend some integrals of Mehta. Some analogs of Dyson’s integral, arising in Fourier series on compact groups, are evaluated. Using one of these latter integrals, we solve an old problem of H. Weyl by deriving a sharp upper bound on the number of irreducible components which can appear in the decomposition of tensor products of self-representations of the unitary group.
Isochroman lignin trimers from DFRC-degraded Pinus taeda

A pair of new aryl isochroman lignin trimers, 7-acetoxy-1-{2-acetoxy-1-[4-(3-acetoxyprop-2-enyl)]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-3-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-acetoxymethyl-6-methoxy-isochromans, along with three related dimers were isolated from DFRC degraded loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood following gel permeation and reversed-phase TLC and HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by means of 2D–NMR, FAB–MS and GC–MS analyses. These two trimers contained a unique β–1 inter-unit linkage with a 6-membered di-α-ether ring and with the original sidechain migrated. The mechanistic plausibility of the lignification pathway, the isolation of expected DFRC degradation dimers and trimers, and the tentative identification of the aryl isochroman structure in pine milled wood lignins by NMR spectroscopy, all suggest that such structures, or their precursors, are present in native lignins (in their unacetylated forms). An unrelated trimer possessing 5–5/β–β interunit linkages was also isolated and characterized.
Joy in the Evening of our Lives: Nurturing the Elderly Soul; A Practical Guide & Inspirational Journey, by Joan Englander

In her book Joy in the Evening of Our Lives: Nurturing the Elderly Soul, Joan Englander uses anecdotes from her work with elders to illustrate various approaches that can be used by persons functio...
Monitoring Peripheral Arterial Tone (PAT) to Diagnose Sleep Apnea in the Home

I read with great interest the Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Unattended Portable Monitors in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adult Patients, published by the Portable Monitoring Task Force (Nancy Collop et al) of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.1 Among other devices the task force evaluated the Watch-PAT 100, a novel portable monitoring device that uses peripheral arterial tone (PAT), pulse rate, actigraphy and oximetry, for sleep apnea diagnosis. The task force reviewed the evidence supporting the reliability of the Watch-PAT 100 for sleep apnea diagnosis,2–5 but concluded that “Unlike most PM devices, the arterial tone device uses a proprietary algorithm for scoring; although review of the raw data is possible, manual scoring is not.” In view of the task force recommendation that portable monitoring devices “must allow for the display of raw data for manual scoring or editing of automated scoring,” I would like to correct the task force impression that manual scoring/editing of Watch PAT signals is not possible. Manual scoring/editing of the Watch-PAT signals is possible and can be easily performed. As in manual scoring of conventional signals, i.e., effort, airflow/nasal pressure and oximetry that rely on simultaneous changes in all three channels, manual scoring of the Watch-PAT 100 signals can be accomplished using simultaneous changes in the peripheral arterial tone, pulse rate and oximetry. Identification of respiratory events can be accomplished based on the well documented intensive sympathetic activation accompanying respiratory events termination. Sympathetic activation causes attenuation of the PAT signal, indicative of vasoconstriction, coupled with pulse rate acceleration in addition to the typical changes in oximetry. This pattern can be easily visually identified as demonstrated by Friemark et al6 who reported a 91% sensitivity and 91% specificity of manual scoring of the PAT signal to identify Cheyne Stokes respiration. In fact, the possibility for manual editing is explicitly mentioned in a recent paper using the Watch PAT to investigate residual respiratory events in patients treated with nCPAP7: “Manual editing of the automated PAT scoring is possible, but was not performed to allow an assessment on the performance of the algorithm alone and not the algorithm plus operator intervention.” (Page 125). As this paper was not intended to test the reliability of the Watch PAT device, it was not reviewed by the Task force. Another point that needs better clarification is Watch PAT failure rate. The task force mentioned the Penzel et al6 study that reported a substantial failure rate (19%), but did not mention that Pittman et al3 concluded that “technical failures are rare with use of the Watch_PAT system in the home (0% in this study)” (page 931).
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Oral Cancer Metastasis

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participates in many physiologic events in embryogenesis and adult homeostasis, including cell fate specification, maintenance, and activation of stem cells. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes uncontrolled cell growth, survival, and consequently results in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the development of familial and/or sporadic epithelial cancers in a range of tissues such as colon, skin, liver, and ovary cancers. In squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, SCCOC, its roles, however, are largely undefined. Although it is evident that constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin is frequently observed in oral cancer progression, only infrequent mutations have been found in genes encoding various components of this pathway that commonly mutated in other cancers. This suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is probably activated by multiple mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic alterations of the components in this signaling, and the alterations in other autocrine and/or paracrine factors that are involved in the regulation of this pathway. More importantly, the interaction between epithelial tumor cells and the different components of the surrounding microenvironment can locally affect the intracellular levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and differentially trigger tumor cell stemness, cell proliferation, EMT, invasive behavior, and metastasis. The exact mechanisms by which this occurs still remain unclear. Therefore, further investigation is required for understanding the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis of SCCOC.
A modification of Benders' decomposition algorithm for discrete subproblems: An approach for stochastic programs with integer recourse

In this paper, we modify Benders' decomposition method by using concepts from the Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT) and lift-and-project cuts in order to develop an approch for solving discrete optimization problems that yield integral subproblems, such as those that arise in the case of two-stage stochastic programs with integer recourse. We first demonstrate that if a particular convex hull representation of the problem's constrained region is available when binariness is enforced on only the second-stage (or recourse) variables, then the regular Benders' algorithm is applicable. The proposed procedure is based on sequentially generating a suitable partial description of this convex hull representation as needed in the process of deriving valid Benders' cuts. The key idea is to solve the subproblems using an RLT or lift-and-project cutting plane scheme, but to generate and store the cuts as functions of the first-stage variables. Hence, we are able to re-use these cutting planes from one subproblem solution to the next simply by updating the values of the first-stage decisions. The proposed Benders' cuts also recognize these RLT or lift-and-project cuts as functions of the first-stage variables, and are hence shown to be globally valid, thereby leading to an overall finitely convergent solution procedure. Some illustrative examples are provided to elucidate the proposed approach. The focus of this paper is on developing such a finitely convergent Benders' approach for problems having 0-1 mixed-integer subproblems as in the aforementioned context of two-stage stochastic programs with integer recourse. A second part of this paper will deal with related computational experiments.
(Trimethylsilyl)methanesulfonyl Chloride–Cesium Fluoride

(Me3SiCH2SO2Cl) [18143-34-5] C4H11ClO2SSi (MW 186.76) InChI = 1S/C4H11ClO2SSi/c1-9(2,3)4-8(5,6)7/h4H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = BFUMGFNGDCUBSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (CsF)[13400-13-0] CsF (MW 151.91) InChI = 1S/Cs.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M (source of ‘free’ sulfene in solution;1 source of silylated sulfene8) Physical Data: Me3SiCH2SO2Cl is a colorless liquid, bp 50–52 °C/0.6 mmHg, 57 °C/1 mmHg; mp 18 °C, nD20 1.4700,3 1.4680.7a See also Cesium Fluoride. Solubility: acetonitrile is the preferred solvent due to solubility of CsF and absence of hydrogen bonding; Me3SiCH2SO2Cl is soluble in most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: Me3SiCH2SO2Cl is: (1) formed in 58% isolated yield via reaction of (Chloromethyl)trimethylsilane with Thiourea in ethanol followed by concentration and chlorination in water, extraction, and distillation;2 (2) formed in 63% isolated yield by Peracetic Acid oxidation of (trimethylsilyl)methanethiol followed by treatment with Phosphorus(V) Chloride;2 (3) formed in 84% yield through reaction of Me3SiCH2Cl with Magnesium followed by sequential reaction of the Grignard reagent with Sulfur Dioxide followed by Chlorine;3 and (4) formed in 53% yield through reaction of tetramethylsilane with Sulfuryl Chloride.7a Handling, Storage, and Precautions: like most sulfonyl chlorides, the title compound hydrolyzes slowly to produce HCl and therefore should be kept dry. The byproduct of hydrolysis is hexamethyldisiloxane. Hydrolysis is very rapid with 5% NaOH solution.7a
On the Genetic Control of Genes Located in the Sex-Chromosome Heterochromatin of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

ABSTRACT The genetic properties of a recessive autosomal point mutant, "daughterless" (symbol: da ), are described. They are: (1) da maps in the euchromatin of 2L at about position 39 on the genetic map and between 27D and 31E on the salivary map; (2) when homozygous in females, da causes the production of unisexual male progenies owing to sex differential zygote mortality in the egg stage; (3) da has no effect on the progeny of mutant males; (4) female zygotes die, while at least some male zygotes survive, irrespective of the number of Y chromosomes or the amount of X -chromosome heterochromatin carried by either the mutant female or her progeny; (5) homozygous da progeny of heterozygous parents also show sex differential survival favoring males indicating a da effect in development as well as in oogenesis, but with the developmental effect much less pronounced; (6) extra heterochromatin from either the X or Y chromosome in either the mother or her progeny can reduce the mortality caused by da in development (and, therefore, conceivably can also reduce the abnormality in oogenesis, although this is obscured by the seventy of the maternal effect.)——From these results, it is suggested that (1) da regulates either the activity of structural genes in the sex chromosome heterochromatin or the activity or stability of their products, and (2) it is a defective product of sex chromosome heterochromatic genes that causes the abnormalities resulting in the observed mortality of heterozygous progeny of homozygous mutant m3thers and of homozygous mutant progeny of heterozygous mothers.——The striking parallels with the properties of the gene, "abnormal oocyte" are noted as is the close linkage between the two loci. The possibility of a special sex-chromosome-heterochromatin-regulator region on chromosome 2 is considered.
Decay rates of different mRNA in E. coli and models of decay.

THE basis for messenger RNA instability in bacteria is not understood. Both functional capacity1,2 and mass of messages for a given protein are lost at constant exponential rates which can differ, indicating independent processes3.
Précis of Varieties of Meaning

People mean to do various things. Body organs are meant to do various things. Tools and other artifacts are meant for various things. Conventional signs such as words and sentences mean various things. People mean various things by using words and sentences and not always the same things that the words or sentences mean. Natural signs mean things. If there are representations in people's brains, presumably these also mean things. Varieties of Meaning tells the story of how these various kinds of meaning are related to one another. None can be well understood, I believe, without grasping its relation to the others. What something means, or is meant for, or is meant to do, sometimes has to do with its purpose. Part One describes a hierarchy of levels on which purposes are created by a hierarchy of forms of selection, beginning with natural selection of genes and proceeding through to the selection of certain cultural forms, including specific linguistic forms, whose purposes are to facilitate certain kinds of social coordination. Explicit human intentions are particularly interesting within the hierarchy because they represent their own purposes, the purposes that they themselves have, these purposes being, in a very wide sense, biological purposes. Through joint effects at several levels of selection, explicitly represented purposes and intentions have been selected, in part, for helping to effect whatever they represent. (The mechanisms for determining what will be represented by intentions are, of course, also selected and at various levels.) A variety of levels of purpose are entwined and partially fused within the structure of human action in such a way that no significant divide emerges between "personal" and "subpersonal" levels. On the other hand, in the case of language it is helpful initially to draw a careful distinction between the cooperative purposes of the various linguistic forms themselves and the purposes of the people who use them.
Social development of stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides): Synchrony of changes in mother-infant interactions and individual behaviors during the first 60 days of life

Several categories of social and individual behaviors were recorded during the first 60 days of life for seven stumptail macaques. Mother-infant interactions tended to decelerate in synchrony with increases in infant nonsocial behaviors, such as object manipulation. Several aspects of stumptail social growth during the first two months were similar to those of rhesus and other macaques. Approaching-leaving, which has been used previously as an index of waning of the mother-infant bond, was due more to infants than to mothers during the second month of life
Syn and anti-oriented imidazole carboxylates as models for the histidine-aspartate couple in serine proteases and other enzymes

Abstract Several compounds containing an imidazole and a carboxylic acid group have been synthesized and studied as models for the His-Asp couple found in serine proteases and other enzymes. The ability of the carboxylic acid group to increase the basicity of the imidazole and its role in nucleophilic and general base catalysis by the imidazole is described.
Immunopathology of Sjögren‐like* disease in IMZB/NZW mice

In vitro responsiveness of spleen cells from NZB/NZW (B/W) female mice, aged 2 through 40 weeks, to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (Con-A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was determined. An age-related decline in proliferative response of splenic cells was found; this decline correlated with the age of onset and progression of lymphoid infiltration in lacrimal and salivary glands in the mice. The worsening with age of this lymphoid infiltrate, coupled with the decline in responsiveness to mitogens, suggests a complex immunopathologic process with destruction of glands terminating in a disease similar to the Sjogren syndrome in humans.
Post-disaster Gulf Coast Recovery Using Telehealth

Objective: The Gulf Coast continues to struggle with service need far outpacing available resources. Since 2005, the Regional Coordinating Center for Hurricane Response (RCC) at Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, has supported telehealth solutions designed to meet high service needs (e.g., psychiatry) within primary care and other healthcare organizations. The overall RCC vision is to support autonomous, useful, and sustainable telehealth programs towards mitigating unmet disaster-related needs. Subjects and Methods: To assess Gulf Coast telehealth experiences, we conducted semistructured interviews with both regional key informants and national organizations with Gulf Coast recovery interests. Using qualitative-descriptive analysis, interview transcripts were analyzed to identify shared development themes. Results: Thirty-eight key informants were interviewed, representing a 77.6% participation rate among organizations engaged by the RCC. Seven elements critical to telehealth success were identified: Funding, Regulatory, Workflow, Attitudes, Personnel, Technology, and Evaluation. These key informant accounts reveal shared insights with telehealth regarding successes, challenges, and recommendations. Conclusions: The seven elements critical to telehealth success both confirm and organize development principles from a diverse collective of healthcare stakeholders. The structured nature of these insights suggests a generalizable framework upon which other organizations might develop telehealth strategies toward addressing high service needs with limited resources.
Exploratory behavior in Down's syndrome and normal infants.

Abstract Comparisons were made of 10 Down's syndrome and 10 normal 12-month-old infants of mouthing, manipulative and visual measures of exploratory behavior. Infants were familiarized with a bell and duration measures were obtained for each behavior. No differences in any explatory behaviors were evident during this phase. Next, infants were presented with the bell paired with 15 novel objects, one at a time. Both groups demonstrated a preference for novelty in each mode of exploration. The normal infants mouthed and manipulated novel objects for longer periods of time than the Down's syndrome infants. No differences were found for visual exploration. Response decrement occured to the novel objects for the Down's syndrome infants. Differential exploratory behavior is of interest because of its relationship to cognitive development.
Structural Elucidation and Chemical Conversion of Amorphispironone, a Novel Spironone form Amorpha fruticosa, to Rotenoids

To search for possible antiumor promoters, we carried out an investigation of the leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L. (Leguminosae). The novel spironone type rotenoid, amorphispironone (1), isolated together with four known rotenoids, tephrosin (2), amorphigenin (3), 12a-hydroxyamorphigenin (4) and 12a-hydroxydalpanol (5). Some of these compounds were inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The structure of 1 was derermined from 2D-NMR spectral data and difference NOE experiments.Amorphispironone (1) was also converted to know rotenoids in order to confirm the proposed structure.
Endogenous Estrogen Levels and the Effects of Ultra-Low-Dose Transdermal Estradiol Therapy on Bone Turnover and BMD in Postmenopausal Women

In a randomized controlled trial of a 0.014 mg/d transdermal estradiol patch, serum bone turnover markers decreased to a greater degree in postmenopausal women with lower versus higher endogenous estradiol levels. This suggests that the protective effects of ultra-low-dose estrogen therapy on the postmenopausal skeletal health may depend critically on women's endogenous estrogen levels before treatment. Introduction: Postmenopausal women with very low or undetectable estradiol levels have lower BMD, increased bone turnover, and increased risk of hip and vertebral fracture. We assessed whether the effects of ultra-low-dose 0.014 mg/d transdermal estradiol (Menostar; Berlex, Montvale, NJ, USA) on bone turnover and BMD are influenced by endogenous estradiol levels. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from postmenopausal women (mean age, 66 yr) randomized to an 0.014-mg/d transdermal estradiol patch or placebo in the ultra-low-dose transdermal estrogen (ULTRA) trial. The free estradiol index (FEI), calculated as the ratio of total estradiol (by mass spectometry) to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; by immunoradiometric assay) × 100, was used to estimate bioavailable estradiol at baseline. Among the 382 women who adhered to ≥80% of study medication, we examined change in serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels at 12 mo and total hip and lumbar spine BMD at 24 mo in each quintile of FEI. Results: Compared with women in the highest quintile of FEI, those in the lowest quintile of FEI had a 26% greater reduction in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and 15% greater reduction in osteocalcin in response to ultra-low estradiol treatment (p for trend across quintiles < 0.05). There was a trend toward greater improvement in total hip BMD (p = 0.06) but not spine BMD (p = 0.90) in those with lower versus higher FEI levels. Conclusions: The beneficial effects of ultra-low-dose 0.014-mg/d transdermal estrogen therapy on skeletal health may depend critically on women's endogenous estrogen levels before treatment.
Teaching computer graphics visual literacy to art and computer science students: advantages, resources and opportunities

Although it is a requisite skill for success in industry, visual literacy in graphics is intimidating to computer science and art students. Computer science majors are uneasy about using their eyes to examine images while art students may not have much background in the technical terminology. This column is the second in a two-part series that discusses an interdisciplinary teaching technique that overcomes these obstacles. Part one was published in Computer Graphics 34(1) February 2000, pp. 24-26. With this approach students become more familiar with the limits and possibilities of the medium of computer graphics, learn how to analyze and talk about what visual images might mean and develop a deeper understanding of time constraints. In addition, they gain confidence with technological terminology and the idea of suggesting alternative algorithms to create a desired visual "look." As a result both computer science and art students become more able to communicate effectively about and with visual imagery.
In-beam gamma-ray studies with tritons

Abstract The (t, 2n) reaction has been used to study gamma rays from targets of 208Pb and 204Hg as a method of investigating this in-beam reaction. Although the methods and results are similar to those obtained from the (α, 2n) and (p, 2n) reactions, the (t, 2n) reaction is capable of populating with large cross sections nuclei which cannot be stronglu populated by other reactions. Both the excitation function and gamma-ray angular distribution data yield useful information for spin assignments.
A new propagation method for the radial Schrödinger equation

A new method of propagating the radial Schrodinger equation, based upon a Taylor series expansion of the wavefunction and partial re-summation of the infinite series, is extended to piece-wise quadratic potentials. The Light-Walker R-matrix method of solving close-coupled equations is implemented in such a manner as to take advantage of the rapid convergence properties of the new propagators and is applied to the well-known problem of an atom colliding with a harmonic oscillator. The results indicate that reasonable accuracy can be obtained; furthermore, they are monotonically converging to the proper answer, unlike some other implementations.