cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatigue damage mitigation of offshore wind turbines under real wind and wave conditions

Abstract Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) subjected to combined wind and wave loadings experience excessive vibrations which will increase fatigue loadings on the structure and reduce the fatigue life. In this paper, a three-dimensional pendulum tuned mass damper (3d-PTMD) is attached to the OWT to mitigate the bi-directional vibrations resulting from wind-wave misalignment so as to increase the fatigue life. An analytical model of the offshore wind turbine coupled with the 3d-PTMD is established using the Euler-Lagrangian equation. To predict long-term metocean condition, a statistical analysis for different properties of wind and wave loading such as, wind-wave misalignment, significant wave height and wind velocity is carried out. The aerodynamic wind loading is calculated using the blade element method and the wave loading is computed using the JONSWAP wave spectrum and Morison equation. Dual linear tuned mass dampers (TMDs) deployed in the side-side and fore-aft directions are used for comparison. The NREL monopile 5 MW baseline wind turbine is used to examine the performance of 3d-PTMD in a realistic metocean condition. The fatigue damage is estimated based on the rain-flow cycle counting method and Miner’s rule. Results indicate that the 3d-PTMD can increase the wind turbine tower fatigue life by more than 50% in comparison with the dual TMDs.
Update on Permanent Contraception for Women

We completed this review to update readers on the current literature and controversies surrounding different approaches to permanent female contraception. Permanent contraception continues to be a popular method of pregnancy prevention. The withdrawal of the Essure® hysteroscopic approach to permanent contraception from the US market and the increased use of salpingectomy to decrease risk of ovarian cancer have changed options available to women. Current studies support allowing adult women who desire no future pregnancies to access permanent contraception regardless of age, parity, or marital status. Permanent contraception may offer particular benefit to women with complex medical issues, and those who decline hormonal contraception or intrauterine devices. We also discuss the development of new methods of permanent contraception, including the FemBloc® system and polidocanol foam. Permanent contraception remains an important option for women who have completed desired family size as it results in long-term, non-hormonal prevention of pregnancy. Women should be thoroughly counseled on the different methods of permanent contraception as well as the risks and benefits.
Starchy Foods: Human Nutrition and Public Health

Starch is the largest source of energy in our diet and also provides an essential supply of exogenous glucose to act as fuel for our brains and red blood cells. Despite this key role in human nutrition, in recent years starchy foods have come to be viewed negatively, as consumption of large quantities of heavily processed starch has been epidemiologically linked to a number of negative health outcomes such as diabetes and obesity.
Essential Ingredients to the Dynamics of Westerly Wind Bursts

AbstractWesterly wind bursts (WWBs) are brief, anomalously westerly winds in the tropical Pacific that play a role in the dynamics of ENSO through their forcing of ocean Kelvin waves. They have bee...
Stellar Consensus by Instantiation.

Stellar introduced a new type of quorum system called a Federated Byzantine Agreement System. A major difference between this novel type of quorum system and a threshold quorum system is that each participant has its own, personal notion of a quorum. Thus, unlike in a traditional BFT system, designed for a uniform notion of quorum, even in a time of synchrony one well-behaved participant may observe a quorum of well-behaved participants, while others may not. To tackle this new problem in a more general setting, we abstract the Stellar Network as an instance of what we call Personal Byzantine Quorum Systems. Using this notion, we streamline the theory behind the Stellar Network, removing the clutter of unnecessary details, and refute the conjecture that Stellar's notion of intact set is optimally fault-tolerant. Most importantly, we develop a new consensus algorithm for the new setting.
Nineteenth-Century Local Governance in Ottoman Bulgaria: Politics in Provincial Councils

This book provides a detailed exploration of the way in which administrative and judicial offices and practices provided an essential space for politics in 19th-century Bulgaria, securing local inhabitants participation with Ottoman imperial governance.
THE PHENOMENON OF LEADERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN MODERN LIFE

The article deals with the contemporary life of Ukrainian society which is characterized by very complex and contradictory social changes. The functioning and development of society take place in various forms of social processes, which require solving a number of problems related to the effectiveness and quality of all levels of the management system. Leadership does not occur by chance because its effectiveness is one of the management components helping to optimize the process itself.
Forget the “Mommy Track”: Temporal Flexibility Increases Promotion Aspirations for Women and Reduces Gender Gaps:

Gender gaps in pay and career advancement increase as people take on greater caregiving responsibilities, with large gaps persistent in high-level, time-intensive positions. Given extant research c...
Antitumor activity of a lectibody targeting cancer-associated high-mannose glycans

ABSTRACT Aberrant protein glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer, but few drugs targeting cancer glycobiomarkers are currently available. Here, we show that a “lectibody” consisting of the high-mannose glycan-binding lectin Avaren and human IgG1 Fc (AvFc) selectively recognizes a range of cell lines derived from lung, breast, colon and blood cancers at nanomolar concentrations. AvFc’s binding to the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and H460 was characterized in detail. Co-immunoprecipitation proteomics analysis revealed that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) are among the lectibody’s common targets in these cells. AvFc blocked the activation of EGFR and IGF1R by their respective ligands in A549 cells and inhibited the migration of A549 and H460 cells upon stimulation with EGF and IGF1. Furthermore, AvFc induced potent Fc-mediated cytotoxic effects and significantly retarded A549 and H460 tumor growth in SCID mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis of primary lung tissues from NSCLC patients demonstrated that AvFc preferentially binds to tumors over adjacent non-tumor tissues. Our findings provide evidence that increased abundance of high-mannose glycans in the glycocalyx of cancer cells can be a druggable target, and AvFc may provide a new tool to probe and target this tumor-associated glycobiomarker.
Exonerated, Yet Still Proving Innocence; The Fight For Wrongful Conviction Compensation in Louisiana

In the state of Louisiana just because you are exonerated does not mean that the journey for redemption is over. While Louisiana, is one of the thirty-five states that has compensation statutes, the process is long, and the payout is little. Exoneration is just the first part of the very long process to get justice for those who have been wrongly convicted. The first problem with Louisiana’s compensation statute is that, after a conviction has been reversed or vacated, the petitioner must then prove by clear and convincing evidence that he is factually innocent during a trial. Secondly, even if a person is successful in proving that they are factually innocent, Louisiana has one of the lowest compensation rates out of the thirty-five other states, allowing for a person to only be compensated $25,000 per year for up to ten years. This number is incredibly low when compared to the $50,000 that is recommended by the federal government and the national average, which is $70,000. In today’s world, with the rising number of exonerations specifically within the state, it is time to look at changing the requirements for exoneration compensation. This article will seek to address changes that Louisiana should make in order to more fairly compensate those who are wrongfully convicted.
A Road Map to Various Pathways for Calculating the Memory Kernel of the Generalized Quantum Master Equation

The generalized quantum master equation (GQME) provides a powerful framework for simulating electronic energy, charge, and coherence transfer dynamics in molecular systems. Within this framework, the effect of the nuclear degrees of freedom on the time evolution of the electronic reduced density matrix is fully captured by a memory kernel superoperator. However, the actual memory kernel depends on the choice of projection operator and is therefore not unique. Furthermore, calculating the memory kernel can be done in multiple ways that use different forms of projection-free inputs. Although the electronic dynamics is invariant to those choices when quantum-mechanically exact projection-free inputs are used, this is not the case when they are obtained via more feasible semiclassical or mixed quantum-classical approximate methods. Furthermore, the accuracy and numerical stability of the resulting electronic dynamics has been observed to be sensitive to the above-mentioned choices when approximate methods are used to calculate the projection-free inputs. In this article, we provide a systematic road map to 30 possible pathways for calculating the memory kernel and highlight how they are related as well as the ways in which they differ. We also compare the performance of different pathways in the context of the spin-boson benchmark model, with the projection-free inputs obtained via a mapping Hamiltonian linearized semiclassical method. In this case, we find that expressing the memory kernel with an exponential operator where the projection operator precedes the Liouvillian yields the most accurate and most numerically stable results.
Feeding Problems as an Indicator of Developmental Delay in Early Childhood.

Objective To determine if feeding problems are an indicator of developmental delay. Study design In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, mothers of 3,597 children (49% female, 35% multiples) reported on their children’s feeding problems and developmental delays (using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, ASQ) when children were 18, 24, and 30 months of age. Average scores of feeding problems were computed at each age, as well as a categorical score indicating persistently high feeding problems ≥90th percentile across time. The Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDI-2) assessed development in 5 domains for a subset of children at 4 years. Results In adjusted analyses, feeding problems (per point increase) were increasingly associated with six ASQ domains from 18 months (Odds Ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.30 to 1.98) to 24 months (ORs = 2.07 – 2.69) to 30 months (ORs = 3.90 – 5.64). Compared with children who never experienced feeding problems, children who experienced high feeding problems at one or two time points were more than twice as likely to fail all ASQ domains (ORs = 2.10 – 2.50), and children who experienced high feeding problems at all three time points were four or more times as likely to fail all ASQ domains (ORs = 3.94 – 5.05). Children with one-point higher feeding problems at 30 months scored 3-4 points lower on all BDI-2 domains at 4 years. Conclusions Frequent feeding problems, especially those that persist into the third year, could be used to identify children at risk for developmental delay for more targeted screening.
Intraarticular Split Fractures of the Base of the Proximal Phalanx

A violent force that impacts the proximal phalanx against the metacarpal head may split the phalanx. If this happens and the base of the proximal phalanx is fractured into two major fragments that are displaced, one must perform an open reduction and internal fixation to restore the congruity of the articular surface. The metaphysis is reconstructed with one or more 1.5 or 2.0 mm minicortical lag screws. The reconstructed metaphysis is then secured to the diaphysis by plate fixation. Although open fractures are not discussed until Chapter 39, the case illustrated in Figures 23-1 A-M provides an excellent opportunity to demonstrate how a displaced intraarticular split fracture of the base of the proximal phalanx is managed as part of the overall reconstruction of a seriously injured hand.
Arsenic trioxide and melarsoprol induce programmed cell death in myeloid leukemia cell lines and function in a PML and PML-RARalpha independent manner.

Inorganic arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and the organic arsenical, melarsoprol, were recently shown to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and chronic B-cell leukemia cell lines, respectively. As2O3 has been proposed to principally target PML and PML-RARalpha proteins in APL cells. We investigated the activity of As2O3 and melarsoprol in a broader context encompassing various myeloid leukemia cell lines, including the APL cell line NB4-306 (a retinoic acid-resistant cell line derived from NB4 that no longer expresses the intact PML-RARalpha fusion protein), HL60, KG-1, and the myelomonocytic cell line U937. To examine the role of PML in mediating arsenical activity, we also tested these agents using murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and bone marrow (BM) progenitors in which the PML gene had been inactivated by homologous recombination. Unexpectedly, we found that both compounds inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, and downregulated bcl-2 protein in all cell lines tested. Melarsoprol was more potent than As2O3 at equimolar concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L. As2O3 relocalized PML and PML-RARalpha onto nuclear bodies, which was followed by PML degradation in NB4 as well as in HL60 and U937 cell lines. Although melarsoprol was more potent in inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis, it did not affect PML and/or PML-RARalpha nuclear localization. Moreover, both As2O3 and melarsoprol comparably inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of PML+/+ and PML-/- MEFs, and inhibited colony-forming unit erythroid (CFU-E) and CFU granulocyte-monocyte formation in BM cultures of PML+/+ and PML-/- progenitors. Together, these results show that As2O3 and melarsoprol inhibit growth and induce apoptosis independent of both PML and PML-RARalpha expression in a variety of myeloid leukemia cell lines, and suggest that these agents may be more broadly used for treatment of leukemias other than APL.
New mechanisms of action for antipsychotic drugs

Atypical antipsychotic drugs have now become the leading drug therapy for patients with schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. Atypical antipsychotic drugs differ form typical antipsychotic drugs in that they are both more effective, especially for negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, and better tolerated. Perhaps the first atypical antipsychotic drug was clozapine, whose mechanism of action is complex (i.e., antagonist action at various monoamine receptors, especially serotonin receptors), and remains under investigation. For several other atypical drugs, such as risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone, their atypical characteristics are attributed to blockade of serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors as well as dopamine (D2) receptors. Recently, aripiprazole was introduced into clinical use, and appears to have atypical properties as well. However, in the case of this drug, the atypical properties are attributed to its actions as a partial agonist at the dopamine (D2) receptor. Aripiprazole has several clinical advantages over other antipsychotic drugs including minimal metabolic as well as neurological side-effects. Further, aripiprazole's mechanism of action is unique among both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs, which suggests that it should is the prototype for a new class of antipsychotic drug. from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 1st International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Hyatt Regency Hotel, Thessaloniki, Greece, 20–23 November, 2003
Comparative Global Political Cities: Brussel and Paris

Expanding upon Saskia Sassen’s concept of global cities, this paper takes a comparative approach toward Paris and Brussels as global political cities, studying their evolution from the late eighteenth century to the present. Both cities are francophone, geographically close, have had historical impact as colonial powers and breeding grounds for ideological movements. Both have also partnered closely since the 1950’s to form regional institutions such as the EEC, and seat multiple international institutions. The paper proposes that these cities have become integrated and influential actors of policy making in the global system. Indeed, past international relations theory has emphasized the importance of nation-states in conducting foreign policy. Yet cities have come into their own, as specialized interest groups, military intelligence, think tanks, and other non-state actors have converged on a single space, forming multi-layered networks. Such convergence forms information complexes, breeding fiercer competition within their policy communities, and thus birthing global political cities. This paper seeks to explore Brussels and Paris’ policy making at the micro-level, in order to seek their respective influence on global policies as cities, and not merely as seats of their governments. It will also show how history, and the political philosophy it engendered, affected the nature of these global political cities.
On Modeling of Uncertainty Measures and Observed Processes

This paper is about a short survey of some basic uncertainty measures in systems analysis arising from coarse data, together with new modeling results on upper semicontinuous random processes, viewed as random fuzzy sets. Specifically, we present the most general mathematical framework for analyzing coarse data, such as random fuzzy data, which arise often in information systems. Our approach is based upon the theory of continuous lattices. This probabilistic analysis is also useful for investigating upper semicontinuous random functions in stochastic optimization problems.
Correlation over time for citations to mathematics articles

Explicit definition of the limits of citation analysis demands additional tests for the validity of citation analysis. The stability of citation rankings over time can be regarded as confirming the validity of evaluative citation analysis. This stability over time was investigated for two sets of citation records from the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters, Philadelphia, PA) for articles published in journals classified in Journal Citation Reports as Mathematics. These sets are of all such articles for the 1960s and for the 1970s. This study employs only descriptive statistics and draws no inferences to any larger population. The study found a high correlation from one decade to the next of rankings among sets of most highly cited articles. However, the study found a low correlation for rankings among articles whose ranks were the 500 directly below those of the 500 most cited. This perhaps expected result is discussed in terms of the Glanzel-Schubert-Schoepflin stochastic model for citation processes and also in connection with an account of the purposes of evaluative citation analysis. This interpretative context suggests why the limitations of citation analysis may be inherent to citation analysis even when it is done well.
On the Application of LIDAR Sensors for Track Geometry Monitoring

The applicability of Doppler based, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors for track geometry monitoring is investigated in this article. The optimum configuration of the LIDAR lenses, suitable for effective lateral track geometry measurements, is presented. In the proposed embodiment, two low-elevation LIDAR optics are employed with their beams reflected off of the rail gage face on each side to capture speed signals from both rails individually. A processing technique is developed based on the frequency bandwidth dissimilarities between the vehicle speed and track geometry irregularity to separate the two from each other. LIDAR system is body-mounted to a geometry inspection car and tests are carried out on revenue service track. The results indicate that LIDAR optics can provide a reliable track monitoring instrument for use over substantial track mileage in inclement weather and harsh track conditions with minimal operator supervision.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Optical diffusion imaging data from speckle pattern frequency correlations

We demonstrate a convenient technique for determining the temporal response and scattering parameters of a diffusive medium using laser speckle pattern frequency correlations. Experimental results using an external-cavity tunable laser diode are presented. This approach can be extended to provide data for image reconstruction based on a diffusion model.
Comparative Microbial Fuel Cell Evaluations of Shewanella spp.

To date several different strains of Shewanella have been sequenced; however, many of these isolates have not been evaluated in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems. Here we present a summary of power densities, current densities, cell attachment, and coulombic efficiencies for eight different Shewanella strains in two different MFC configurations. Our results show that different Shewanella strains have unique characteristics as MFC biocatalysts and that strain S. putrefaciens W3-18-1 significantly outperforms S. oneidensis MR-1. Further, these results suggest that Shewanella strain performance in MFCs is strongly impacted by system parameters such as buffer composition and ion exchange membrane selection.
Comparing slow-light properties of 10Gbps RZ data in dispersion shifted fibers and highly nonlinear fibers based on Raman-assisted optical parametric amplification

We compared experimentally the properties of optically controlled tunable time delay based on a Raman-assisted optical parametric amplifier (OPA) with different gain media of normal dispersion shifted fibers (DSF) and highly nonlinear fibers (HNLF). The Raman-assisted OPA using the DSF has previously been demonstrated to obtain large light delay for one single pulse. Position optimization of pump wavelength according to zero dispersion wavelength of the fibers results in narrow band gain spectrum through a parametric process. Stimulated Raman scattering further modifies the shape of the gain spectrum. The modified gain spectrum with sharper transitions leads to a large group index change so that large time delay can be achieved. In the paper, we experimentally demonstrated propagating 10Gbps return-to-zero (RZ) optical packets through slow-light fiber delay line based on the Raman-assisted OPA with above 100ps time delay. We also experimentally compared the gain, the bandwidth and the time delay versus variable pump powers for the Raman-assisted OPA by using 1km-long DSF and 1km-long HNLF as the gain medium, respectively. While smaller time delay was obtained in the slow-light scheme using HNLF due to its wider gain spectrum, lower pump power threshold was found compared to that using DSF. In the experiment, we found that the slow-light scheme has THz gain bandwidth and indicates that slow light could be achieved at higher bit rates with further optimized system parameters.
Deciduous teeth and future caries experience

From deciduous tooth caries experience rate at age 6, subsequent caries experience rates may be fairly accurately predicted. Exposure to fluoridated water after the age of 6, however, reduces the expected caries experience rate.
Gene conversion tracts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be extremely short and highly directional

Gene conversion is a common outcome of double-strand break (DSB) repair in yeast. Prior studies revealed that DSB-induced gene conversion tracts are often short (<53 bp), unidirectional, and biased toward promoter-proximal (5') markers. In those studies, broken ends had short, non-homologous termini. For the present study we created plasmid x chromosome, chromosomal direct repeat and allelic recombination substrates in which donor alleles carried mutant HO sites (HOinc--not cleaved) at the same position as cleavable HO sites in recipient alleles. In these substrates, broken ends are almost completely homologous to donor alleles, differing only at the three HOinc mutations. These mutations serve as markers very close to, or within, the four-base overhang produced by HO nuclease. We identified extremely short tracts (<12 bp) and many tracts were highly directional, extending <2 bp on one side of the DSB. We thought that terminal homology would promote bidirectional tracts, but found instead that unidirectional tracts were more frequent. Interestingly, substrates with terminal homology displayed enhanced 3' conversion, and in several cases conversion bias was reversed toward 3' markers. These results are discussed in relation to factors that may influence tract length and directionality, including heteroduplex DNA formation, transcription, replication and mismatch repair.
Kinship Terminology in Northern India

Heider's data can be useful for a History of Law in the U.S., but not for the construction of an anthropological model of incest. For this purpose other data should be gathered; for example, analysis of cases of judgments or annulment of marriage that betray the deviate patterns of behavior, along the same lines as the study of dispensations bestowed by the Catholic Church to lift the prohibition of marriage between consanguines and affines. The analysis of genealogies about which we have spoken in another publication (Cuisenier et al. 1970) seems to be the most appropriate way of studying incest as a measure of proximity in kinship relations.
The steady-state response of a class of dynamical systems to stochastic excitation

In this paper a class of coupled nonlinear dynamical systems subjected to stochastic excitation is considered. It is shown how the exact steady-state probability density function for this class of systems can be constructed. The result is then applied to some classical oscillator problems.
Refractory concretes of new generation. General characteristics of the binder systems

The development of the binding (bonding) properties of the cementfree binders (of the HCBS type and clay) owes to the presence of a certain quantity of the particles of colloidal dispersion (of the colloidal component). This factor is also significant in the binding systems of low-cement concretes. The content of the collidal component determines the rheological and the technological properties of the concrete mixture, the density and the strength of the material in the original (as-dried) condition, and its significant strengthening (including low-temeprature strengthening) during service or prior heat treatment. The common features and the differences between HCBS and the clays acting as ceramic binders were indicated.
Peptic ulcer disease and heart disease are associated with periprosthetic fractures after total hip replacement.

Background and purpose There have been no published studies assessing the possible association of medical comorbidities with periprosthetic fracture risk. We therefore assessed whether medical comorbidity is associated with risk of periprosthetic fractures after total hip replacement (THR). Material and methods We used prospectively collected data from 1989–2008 in the Mayo Clinic Total Joint Registry for 2 cohorts: primary THR and revision THR. The main variables of interest were Deyo-Charlson comorbidities at the time of surgery. Outcome of interest was p ostoperative periprosthetic fracture at postoperative day 1 onwards. MultivariableCox regression models were additionally adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, and operative diagnosis. Results We identified 14,065 primary THRs and 6,281 revision THRs with mean follow-up times of 6.3 and 5.6 years, respectively. There were 305 postoperative periprosthetic fractures in the primary THR cohort and 330 in th...
Some characterizations of geometric type distributions based on order statistics

Abstract Let X 1: n ≤ X 2: n ···≤ X n : n denote the order statistics, and S m , r = X r : n − X m : n be a spacing of order r − m , 1≤ m r ≤ n , obtained from a random sample of size n from a discrete distribution. We obtain several characterization of distributions of geometric type in the class of discrete distributions based on the properties of S m , r and X m : n . Specifically, these are based on (i) independence of X 1: n and S 1, r , for some r ≥1, (ii) conditional independence of X m : n and S m , r conditioned on the event { S m −1, m >0}, for some m ≥1, and (iii) equality of the distribution of 1 + X r −1: n −1 and the conditional distribution of S 1, r given X 1: n and the event { S 1,2 >0}.
Microstructure-sensitive probabilistic modeling of HCF crack initiation and early crack growth in Ni-base superalloy IN100 notched components

Abstract Microstructure-sensitive simulation-based strategies for modeling fatigue life reduction in cyclically loaded notched components offer a means to augment costly experiments and to project performance of microstructures not yet processed. To advance design tools for notch fatigue resistance in aircraft gas turbine engine components, we present a formulation that links microstructure heterogeneity (grain size distribution) to size effects and fatigue scatter in notched polycrystalline Ni-base superalloy IN100 specimens. Simulated double-edged notched specimens with various notch radii are subjected to completely-reversed, quasistatic, isothermal (650 °C), strain-controlled loading at three different strain amplitudes. Polycrystal plasticity and experimentally-calibrated crack formation/growth laws are used to correlate cyclic plastic slip to the probability of forming and propagating a crack from grain scale to a transition crack length at which LEFM is applicable. Probabilistic strain-life and cumulative distribution function (CDF) plots show that larger notch sizes display a larger notch size effect and fatigue knock-down effect. The proposed CDF can be determined for any failure probability and number of cycles, which has implications for minimum fatigue life design of aircraft gas turbine engine components.
Root membrane thermostability of red maple cultivars

Abstract Nine red maple cultivars originating in different USDA hardiness zones were grown in containers in 1995 and 1996 prior to laboratory procedures to determine root cell membrane thermostability. Electrolyte leakage from excised root tissue exposed for 30 min to temperatures ranging from 20 to 63°C, was used to assess cellular injury of unsuberized, current season, fine roots. Electrolyte leakage was an effective means for measuring cell membrane thermostability in root tissue. The critical killing temperatures of root tissue of cultivars evaluated ranged from 52.0±0.8°C to 53.3±0.5°C, indicating minimal differences in root membrane thermostability. Critical temperatures for cultivars selected from the northern part of the native range did not differ from cultivars originating elsewhere.
Properties of the SiH bond-stretching absorption band in a-Si:H grown by remote plasma enhanced CVD (RPECVD)

We have used RPECVD to deposit thin films of a-Si:H at substrate temperatures, Ts, between 38 and 400°C. We find that: (a) hydrogen is in predominantly monohydride groups for Ts > 100°C; (b) that for Ts < 100°C, the dihydride concentration increases significantly; and (c) the frequency of the IR active SiH stretching band and its width (FWHM) increase with increasing hydrogen concentration, [H].
Kinetics and mechanism of the aquation of pentaaqua (trichloroacetato‐O)‐chromium(2+) ion

The kinetics of the aquation of (H2O)5Cr(O2CCCl3)2+ have been examined at 35–55°C and 1.00M ionic strength with [H+] = 0.01−1.00M. The reaction follows the rate equation -d ln [Crtotal]/dt = (a[H+]−1 + b + c[H+])/(1 + d[H+]), where [Crtotal] is the stoichiometric concentration of the complex. At 45°C a = (1.41 ± 0.03) × 10−7M/s, b = (1.66 ± 0.02) × 10−5 s−1, c = (7.0 ± 0.8) × 10−5M−1·S−1 and d = 2.3 ± 0.3M−1. Two mechanisms consistent with this rate law are discussed, with evidence being presented in favor of an ester hydrolysis mechanism involving steady-state intermediates. Equilibrium and activation parameters were determined.
Effects of three aziridine alkylating compounds on the gross development of chicken embryos.

Abstract The effects of apholate, metepa, and tepa on developing chicken embryos were studied after yolk sac injection of saline solutions of these compounds at various dosages. Without regard to day of injection or dose (days 1–4 of incubation), apholate-injected eggs had the highest incidence of cumulative mortality and the lowest mean body weight of day 18 viable embryos, followed by the tepa-injected group, then the metepa-injected group. Cumulative mortality differed significantly between compound-treated groups and controls (p
Lateral impact injuries with side airbag deployments—A descriptive study

The present study was designed to provide descriptive data on side impact injuries in vehicles equipped with side airbags using the United States National Automotive Sampling System (NASS). The database was queried with the constraint that all vehicles must adhere to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards FMVSS 214, injured occupants be in the front outboard seats with no rollovers or ejections, and side impacts airbags be deployed in lateral crashes. Out of the 7812 crashes in the 1997–2004 weighted NASS files, AIS ≥ 2 level injuries occurred to 5071 occupants. There were 3828 cases of torso-only airbags, 955 cases of torso–head bag combination, and 288 inflatable tubular structure/curtain systems. Side airbags were not attributed to be the cause of head or chest injury to any occupant at this level of severity. The predominance of torso-only airbags followed by torso–head airbag combination reflected vehicle model years and changing technology. Head and chest injuries were coupled for the vast majority of occupants with injuries to more than one body region. Comparing literature data for side impacts without side airbag deployments, the presence of a side airbag decreased AIS = 2 head, chest, and extremity injuries when examining raw data incidence rates. Although this is the first study to adopt strict inclusion–exclusion criteria for side crashes with side airbag deployments, future studies are needed to assess side airbag efficacy using datasets such as matched-pair occupants in side impacts.
Radiative Electron Capture for F8+ and F9+ Ions in Collisions with a He Gas Target

The x rays from the radiative electron capture (REC) to the projectile K-shell were investigated for F8+ and F9+ ions incident on the He target atoms in the projectile energy range from 15 to 40 MeV. The peak energies of the K-REC x-ray spectra were found to decrease linearly with a decrease of the projectile energies as expected and extrapolated to the correct ls binding energies at zero velocity. According to theory the distribution width, ?REC, of the REC energies should be independent of the binding energy of electrons in the projectile ions. However, it is found that ?REC for F8+ ions is systematically smaller by 20% than that for F9+ ions. The measured REC cross sections for F9+ ions are slightly larger than twice those for F8+ ions and the total REC cross sections for F8+ and F9+ ions were found to be more than three orders of magnitude smaller than the total electron capture cross sections and the capture cross sections into excited states.
A Novel Glycosaminoglycan-binding Protein Is the Vertebrate Homologue of the Cell Cycle Control Protein, Cdc37

Using a monoclonal antibody, IVd4, that recognizes a novel group of hyaluronan-binding proteins, we have immunoscreened a cDNA library constructed from embryonic chick heart muscle mRNA. One of the cDNAs isolated from the library encodes a 29.3-kDa protein homologous to Cdc37, an essential cell cycle regulatory factor previously characterized genetically in yeast and Drosophila; this is the first vertebrate CDC37 gene to be cloned to date. We also present evidence for the existence of a second chick isoform that is identical to the 29.3-kDa protein over the first 175 amino acids but is entirely different at the carboxyl terminus and lacks the IVd4 epitope. The avian Cdc37 binds hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate and heparin in vitro, and both isoforms contain glycosaminoglycan-binding motifs previously described in several hyaluronan-binding proteins. These findings suggest a role for glycosaminoglycans in cell division control.
CAG/CTG Repeats Alter the Affinity for the Histone Core and the Positioning of DNA in the Nucleosome

Trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) occur throughout the genome, and their expansion has been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. TNRs have been studied using both oligonucleotides and plasmids; however, less is know about how repetitive DNA responds to genomic packaging. Here, we investigate the behavior of CAG/CTG repeats incorporated into nucleosome core particles, the most basic unit of chromatin packaging. To assess the general interaction between CAG/CTG repeats and the histone core, we determined the efficiency with which various TNR-containing DNA substrates form nucleosomes, revealing that even short CAG/CTG tracts are robust incorporators. However, the presence of the Huntington gene flanking sequence (htt) decreases the rate of incorporation. Enzymatic and chemical probing revealed repositioning of the DNA in the nucleosome as the number of CAG/CTG repeats increased, regardless of the flanking sequence. Notably, the periodicity of the repeat tract remained unchanged as a function of length and is consistently 10.7 bp per helical turn. In contrast, the periodicity of the nonrepetitive flanking sequence varies and is smaller than the repeat tract at ~10.0-10.5 bp per turn. Furthermore, while the CAG/CTG repeats remain as a canonical duplex in the nucleosome, nucleosome formation causes kinking in a secondary repeat tract in the htt gene, comprised of CCG/CGG repeats. This work highlights the innate ability of CAG/CTG repeats to incorporate and to position in nucleosomes and how that behavior is modulated by the htt flanking sequence. In addition, it illuminates the differences in packaging of healthy and diseased length repeat tracts within the genome.
Ascending Aorta Insertion of the Dual-Chambered Intraaortic Balloon for Counterpulsation During Cardiac Operations

A patient with left ventricular power failure after aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass was successfully managed by intraaortic dual-chambered balloon counterpulsation through the ascending aorta. This insertion route reverses the orientation of the spherical distal chamber, which inflates early in diastole and partially occludes the aorta. This position achieved an effective augmentation pressure during left ventricular diastole and reduced arterial end-diastolic pressure considerably. The technique of insertion and events at operation and postoperatively are discussed.
An FPTAS for optimizing a class of low-rank functions over a polytope

We present a fully polynomial time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for optimizing a very general class of non-linear functions of low rank over a polytope. Our approximation scheme relies on constructing an approximate Pareto-optimal front of the linear functions which constitute the given low-rank function. In contrast to existing results in the literature, our approximation scheme does not require the assumption of quasi-concavity on the objective function. For the special case of quasi-concave function minimization, we give an alternative FPTAS, which always returns a solution which is an extreme point of the polytope. Our technique can also be used to obtain an FPTAS for combinatorial optimization problems with non-linear objective functions, for example when the objective is a product of a fixed number of linear functions. We also show that it is not possible to approximate the minimum of a general concave function over the unit hypercube to within any factor, unless P = NP. We prove this by showing a similar hardness of approximation result for supermodular function minimization, a result that may be of independent interest.
Electromagnetic unidirectionality and frozen modes in magnetic photonic crystals

Magnetic photonic crystals are periodic arrays of lossless materials, at least one of which being magnetically polarized. Magnetization, either spontaneous or induced, is associated with nonreciprocal effects, such as Faraday rotation. Magnetic photonic crystals of certain configuration can also display strong spectral asymmetry, implying that light propagates in one direction much faster or slower than in the opposite direction. This essentially nonreciprocal phenomenon can result in electromagnetic unidirectionality. A unidirectional medium, being perfectly transmissive for electromagnetic waves of certain frequency, freezes the radiation of the same frequency propagating in the opposite direction. The frozen mode has zero group velocity and drastically enhanced amplitude. The focus of our investigation is the frozen mode regime. Particular attention is given to the case of weak nonreciprocity, related to the infrared and optical frequencies. It appears that even if the nonreciprocal effects become vanishingly small, there is still a viable alternative to the frozen mode regime that can be very attractive for a variety of practical applications.
Auxiliary pin retention for restoring severely worn anterior teeth

To restore severely worn anterior teeth, adjunctive procedures are often needed to increase clinical crown length. The various methods to achieve this are discussed and the advantages of using pin retention and the method are described.
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients under 35-years-old: A single-center experience

Abstract Objective Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is relatively uncommon in young adults. There is a paucity of data pertaining to the management of aneurysmal SAH in young patients, especially with endovascular therapy. Methods We reviewed all SAH patients under the age of 35 years treated at Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, USA, from 2004 to 2009. Results A total of 40 patients (15 males and 25 females) under the age of 35 were treated for aneurysmal SAH. The average patient age was 30 years (17–35 yo); 25 (62.5%) were smokers. Seventeen patients presented with a Hunt and Hess Grade I or II (42.5%), 20 with a Grade III (50%), and 3 with a Grade IV (7.5%). Thirty-two aneurysms (80%) were located in the anterior circulation and 8 (20%) in the posterior circulation. Thirty-five patients (87.5%) were treated with coil embolization versus 5 with craniotomy and clipping. The endovascular and microsurgical occlusion rates were 90.6% and 100%, respectively. There were no procedural complications with endovascular therapy. Of 35 patients undergoing endovascular treatment, 24 (68.6%) had excellent outcomes at time of discharge with a Glasgow outcome scale of 5. There were no deaths in the series. No patient experienced a rehemorrhage after endovascular treatment. Conclusion Smoking, female sex, and anterior circulation aneurysms are highly prevalent in young adults with SAH. Endovascular treatment resulted in an overall favorable outcome with no rehemorrhages in patients under the age of 35 years. Our results suggest that endovascular therapy is a reasonable treatment for young patients with SAH.
Variability in the measurement of intracoronary ultrasound images : Implications for the identification of atherosclerotic plaque regression

Background and hypothesis: Serial coronary angiography cannot reliably detect the small changes in arterial dimensions. Measurement of arterial dimensions by intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) may be a superior method to determine the extent of atherosclerotic burden since it directly images the diseased portion of the vessel. Methods: To quantify inter- and intraobserver variability of ICUS measurements, 27 images of atherosclerotic coronary lesions were measured by two study physicians and repeated 14 days later. Results: Interobserver correlation coefficients for external elastic lamina, lumen, and effective plaque area were 0.96, 0.99, and 0.91, respectively. Intraobserver correlation coefficients for external elastic lamina, lumen, and effective plaque area were 0.99, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively. To determine progression or regression in effective plaque area, a minimal difference of 2.77 mm2 (which represents a 23% change in plaque area) is needed. Conclusions: Direct visualization of the extent of atherosclerosis by ICUS can be accomplished with a low degree of inter- and intraobserver variability. ICUS may be a preferable alternative to angiography in atherosclerosis regression trials.
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations in the Regulatory Light Chains of Myosin Affect Their Structure, Ca2+Binding, and Phosphorylation *

The effect of the familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations, A13T, F18L, E22K, R58Q, and P95A, found in the regulatory light chains of human cardiac myosin has been investigated. The results demonstrate that E22K and R58Q, located in the immediate extension of the helices flanking the regulatory light chain Ca2+ binding site, had dramatically altered Ca2+ binding properties. The K Cavalue for E22K was decreased by ∼17-fold compared with the wild-type light chain, and the R58Q mutant did not bind Ca2+. Interestingly, Ca2+ binding to the R58Q mutant was restored upon phosphorylation, whereas the E22K mutant could not be phosphorylated. In addition, the α-helical content of phosphorylated R58Q greatly increased with Ca2+ binding. The A13T mutation, located near the phosphorylation site (Ser-15) of the human cardiac regulatory light chain, had 3-fold lowerK Ca than wild-type light chain, whereas phosphorylation of this mutant increased the Ca2+ affinity 6-fold. Whereas phosphorylation of wild-type light chain decreased its Ca2+ affinity, the opposite was true for A13T. The α-helical content of the A13T mutant returned to the level of wild-type light chain upon phosphorylation. The phosphorylation and Ca2+ binding properties of the regulatory light chain of human cardiac myosin are important for physiological function, and alteration any of these could contribute to the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
DSearching: Distributed searching of mobile nodes in DTNs with floating mobility information

In delay tolerant networks (DTNs), enabling a node to search and find an interested mobile node is an important func- tion in many applications. However, the movement of nodes in DTNs makes the problem formidable. Current methods in discon- nected networks mainly rely on fixed stations and infrastructure- based communication to collect node position information, which is difficult to implement in DTNs. In this paper, we present DSearching, a distributed mobile node searching scheme for DTNs that requires no infrastructure except the GPS on mobile nodes. In DSearching, the entire DTN area is split into sub- areas, and each node summarizes its mobility information as both transient sub-area visiting record and long-term movement pattern among sub-areas. Each node distributes its transient visiting record for a newly entered sub-area to nodes that are likely to stay in the sub-area that it just moves out, so that the information flows in the network for the locator to trace it along its actual movement path. Each node also stores different parts of its long-term mobility pattern to long-staying nodes in different sub-areas for the locator to trace it when visiting records are absent. Considering that nodes in DTNs usually have limited resources, DSearching constrains the communication and storage cost in the information distribution process. Extensive trace-driven experiments with real traces demonstrate the high efficiency and high effectiveness of DSearching.