cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Autopsy Findings in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 114

We retrospectively reviewed the pre- and postmortem cardiac clinical findings in 17 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children for the results of electrocardiographic (EKG) and echocardiographic (echo) testing, infectious agents cultured at the time of death, causes of death and cardiac findings at autopsy. Almost half the children (n=7echo, n=8 EKG) had premortem cardiac studies. EKGs and echos were reviewed for abnormalities along with the patient's cause(s) of death, and postmortem cardiac pathology. Echo predicted cardiac disease in 4/7 (57%) studies. EKG supported the diagnosis of cardiac disease in 4/8 (50%), contradicted the final diagnosis of cardiac disease in 1, indicated cardiac disease in 2 in whom cardiac disease was not expected, and correctly predicted no cardiac disease (in conjunction with a normal echo) in 1 patient. Seven of 17 (41%) died of multisystem organ failure, and 7/17(41%) died of pneumonia. The remaining 3 patients died of myocarditis, encephalopathy, and overwhelming adenovirus. Twelve of 17 (71%) patients exhibited cardiac disease by postmortem examination: 8 had increased gross ventricular weights when adjusted for age, sex, and body weight, 2 myocarditis(1 of those with cardiomegaly), 1 calcified lesions in myocardium, 1 atherosclerosis. Adenovirus was grown either alone or with other organisms in 4/17 (23%); 4/17 (23%) Pneumocystis carinil alone or with other organisms, 4/17(23%) cytomegalovirus associated with other organisms, 1/17 varicella, 1/17 Mycobacterium avium intracellulare associated with adenovirus, and 4/17 (23%) had no infectious organisms identified at the time of death. One patient died of encephalopathy, had no cardiac disease, and grew only Candida albicans. Of the 12 patients who died with cardiac disease, 8/12 (66%) grew infectious agents at the time of death; adenovirus alone accounted for the multisystem organ failure and death of 2 patients. In summary: cardiac disease is frequently seen in HIV-infected infants and children who have died. The most frequent form of cardiac disease seen by postmortem study was increased ventricular mass. Death occurred following multisystem organ system failure and pneumonia; cardiac disease was frequently involved. The finding of cardiomegaly may identify a subpopulation of HIV-infected children at greater risk for increased morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive testing may be predictive of cardiac disease in this subpopulation.
Long-chain acyl-CoA profiles in cultured fibroblasts from patients with defects in fatty acid oxidation.

Abstract Negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry was used to quantify the acyl-CoA intermediates present in human fibroblasts growing in media containing the long-chain fatty acid, palmitate. The acyl-CoA intermediates were detected as the N-acyl pentafluorobenzyl glycinates. In fibroblasts from normal individuals only saturated acyl-CoA esters were detected, supporting the concept that the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase reaction is the rate-limiting step of intramitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In patients with inherited enzymatic defects of intramitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, there was not a significant increase in the amount of long-chain acyl-CoA compounds, with palmitoyl-CoA amounts similar to those found in controls. However, there was a sharp decrease in the relative amount of lauroyl-CoA and a resultant sixfold elevation in the palmitoyl-CoA:lauroyl-CoA ratio, In contrast, fibroblasts with a defect involving the transport of fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 deficiency, had a fourfold increase in palmitoyl-CoA. Our results suggest that acyl-CoA esters in biological tissues are readily detectable using NCI mass spectrometry. This approach is significantly more sensitive than previous methods for the detection of these important metabolic intermediates, and may prove useful in the study of fatty acid oxidation in both normal and enzyme-deficient tissues.
Attention to television: intrastimulus effects of movement and scene changes on alpha variation over time.

Central and occipital EEG alpha were used as an on -line measure of momentary changes in covert attention during television viewing. Alpha was recorded during nine 30-second commercials shown embedded in a half-hour situation comedy. Two time series were constructed for data analysis. A stimulus series consisted of codes representing the presence or absence of scene changes or person and object movement for each half-second interval of the commercials. The alpha series consisted of median alpha scores for each half-second interval, aggregated across 26 subjects. The alpha series was regressed on the movement and scene change series, both of which produced significant increments in R even after autocorrelational effects inherent in the alpha series were removed. As a validity check on the attentional interpretation of alpha, it was shown that mean alpha for each commercial was significantly (negatively) correlated with recall and recognition of commercial contents. The results are discussed in terms of the...
An experimental evaluation of endodontic procedures and filling materials

Radionuclide imaging was evaluated as a diagnostic tool in predicting the outcomes of endodontic procedures. Endodontic techniques intended to produce successful or unsuccessful results were performed on the molars of six dogs, and the effects on apical tissues were followed radiographically and by imaging over a 14-week period. Abnormally high uptake of radionuclides was observed during the first month following treatment in all teeth, regardless of the technique used. Persistent high uptake beyond that time was found to be associated with a failing course of therapy. Various root canal filling materials were also tested for their effects on bone formation in a rabbit model of healing bone. Experimental bone formation was inhibited by two commercial canal cements but not by either gutta-percha or silver points. It was tentatively concluded that the inhibitory effect of cements may serve to suppress heightened bone turnover associated with apical breakdown.
Pulmonary Compliance: Alteration during Infection

Lungs excised from rats infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis are more difficult to inflate with air than those from uninfected animals; they show no significant differences from controls inflated with saline. The altered pulmonary function in lungs from infected rats is attributed to an increase in surface forces, implying disruption of the lung surfactant system.
Individuals, Institutions, and Inflation: Conceptual Complexity, Central Bank Independence, and the Asian Crisis

Previous research has demonstrated that greater levels of legal central bank independence produce favorable macroeconomic outcomes in the developed countries. This article expands the literature's focus on institutions to include a measure of conceptual complexity designed to capture individual-level variations in the cognitive style of central bankers themselves. I argue that the interaction of the cognitive style of central bankers with their respective institutional environments provides a more comprehensive account of the variation in achieving price stability across countries than the institutional measure alone. This hypothesis is tested in the context of the Asian Crisis as its effects diffused to the developed world between 1997 and 1999. The analysis demonstrates that different types of individuals working within different types of institutions achieved different levels of success in attaining price stability during the Asian Crisis. The most successful outcomes were achieved by conceptually complex central bankers working within legally independent central banks. The findings suggest that more research is needed concerning the individual level of analysis in the study of international political economy.
Intensity coding and the dynamic range problem

The psychophysical data on intensity discrimination indicate that certain schemes are unlikely as general intensity codes at the level of the auditory nerve and indirectly suggest that the most likely code is one based upon the firing rates of frequency-localized groups of fibers. A detection-theory analysis of a rate-based intensity code indicates that information from very few fibers can, if the information is appropriately combined, account for psychophysical discrimination even at high intensities. This suggests that fibers with similar CFs can code intensity over a wide range and that complex spectra can be represented at the level of the auditory nerve by a rate-CF code over the dynamic range of hearing. The analysis also indicates, however, a substantial discrepancy between the psychophysical data on the dependence of discrimination thresholds on level and the predicted discrimination behavior of a representative population of auditory nerve fibers. Thus, if intensity coding is based on localized firing rate, this fundamental psychophysical behavior does not result solely from peripheral processes.
Surface and Deep EEG Correlates of Surgical Outcome in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Interictal and ictal EEG characteristics derived from limited surface montages and medial temporal lobe sites were compared with long-term seizure relief following anterior temporal lobectomy in 52 epileptics. Patients were classified into one of four surgical outcome groups, ranging from seizure free to no clinical improvement. For each patient, interictal records were analyzed according to deep and surface spike characteristics and background activity. Ictal records were analyzed according to the proportion of episodes initiated in a unilateral or bilaterally synchronous fashion, the proportion of surface or deep onsets, the variability of onset location, and the morphology of seizures onsets. Interictal EEG variables that correlates with surgical outcome included: (a) various types of bilaterally synchronous surface/deep spikes; (b) diffuse background slowing; (c) sharp waves; and (d) the presence of multiple independent deep spike patterns in the lobe chosen for resection. Relevant ictal EEG variables included: (a) episodes initiated in a bilaterally synchronous fashion; (b) variability in seizure onset location; (c) the proportion of precisely focal onsets from deep sites; (d) the proportion of surface onsets; and (e) the proportion of onsets from the side chosen for resection. Multivariate analysis of these data with linear, stepwise, discriminate analysis and adaptive, nonlinear, distribution-free pattern recognition demonstrated that: (a) both interictal and ictal EEG characteristics can independently predict surgical outcome at levels significantly better than chance; (b) ictal and interictal EEG data contain nonredundant information for making such predictions; and (c) nonlinear pattern recognition techniques are capable of deriving the most accurate rules for predicting the effects of surgery.
Synthesis of 4-phenoxybenzamide adenine dinucleotide as NAD analogue with inhibitory activity against enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract The chemical synthesis of 4-phenoxybenzamide adenine dinucleotide (3), a NAD analogue which mimics isoniazid-NAD adduct and inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA), is reported. The 4-phenoxy benzamide riboside (1) has been prepared as a key intermediate, converted into its 5′-mononucleotide (2), and coupled with AMP imidazolide to give the desired NAD analogue 3. It inhibits InhA with IC50 = 27 μM.
Coping with prostate cancer in Asian-American, native hawaiian, and caucasian families

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancer among men in the United States. In order to explore the coping experience of men and their families facing prostate cancer, a qualitative analysis of written responses to open-ended questions related to roles during the illness experience, closeness of relationships, and coping strategies was conducted with a sample of 100 Caucasian, Asian, and Native Hawaiian participants. Results indicate that family members and friends are essential to coping with the effects of the disease, and also that spouses, children, and friends fulfill unique and important roles in facing the illness experience.
Primary Progressive Aphasia and Alzheimer’s Disease: Brief History, Recent Evidence

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has been recognized as a syndrome distinct from the usual pattern of language deterioration in Alzheimer’s disease and typically more related to the pathology of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In recent years, however, the syndromes of primary progressive aphasia have become more complex, divided into the three subtypes of progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), semantic dementia (SD), and logopenic/phonological progressive aphasia (LPA). These syndromes have not only made the linguistic analysis more complex, but the associated pathologies have also become more variable. In particular, PNFA is usually, but not always, associated with FTD pathology and often evidence of a tau mutation, but rarely AD; SD is usually associated with FTD of the ubiquitin staining or progranulin (TAR-DNA) mutation type, but, again, occasionally AD; LPA is typically associated with AD pathology. Patterns of atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) generally conform to these subtypes, with PNFA associated with left frontal and insular atophy, SD associated with bilateral temporal atrophy, and LPA associated with L superior-posterior temporal and parietal atrophy. These patterns can also be seen on positron emission (PET) scanning with fluorodeoxyglucose. The newer amyloid binding ligand PET technologies are less useful for detecting regional atrophy patterns but more useful for indication of the underlying pathology. We can thus speak of syndromes of PPA or underlying pathological bases of PPA.
Interpreting ancient swamp communities: Can we see the forest in the peat?

Abstract A comparison of the taxonomic composition of mangrove (salt-water) peats from the Everglades National Park and the swamp forests in which the peats accumulated shows that the rank abundance of roots belonging to a taxon in peat can be used to predict the rank abundance of that taxon in the swamp forest. Thus the rank abundance of taxa in permineralized peats can be used to reconstruct ancient swamp-forests. Factors that correlate with salinity, primarily the abundance of detritovores in mangrove swamps, appear to control the shoot-root ratios of the peats studied. Fresh-water swamps peats have few detritovores, low rates of decomposition, and relatively high shoot-root ratios (mean = 2.03).Mangrove peats have many detritovores, high rates of decomposition, and low shoot-root ratios (mean = 0.16). Variation in the shoot-root ratios of marsh peats do not correlate with salinity. However, shoot-root ratios may be useful in predicting the growth environment of ancient permineralized peats derived from ancient swamp forests. Paleotropical permineralized peats of Late Carboniferous age have extremely high shoot-root ratios. A model for peat accumulation based on the work of Janzen (1974) suggests that these high shoot-root ratios may be indicative of tropical blackwater swamps. Factors that are uncorrelated with salinity such as rainfall regime may determine the difference between Okefenokee shoot-root ratios (mean = 2.03) and extremely high shoot-root ratios (> 100) of paleotropical permineralized peats from putative blackwater swamps.
Finite‐amplitude stability of a topographically forced wave with Ekman dissipation

The linear and finite-amplitude stability characteristics of a topographically forced wave are examined in a quasigeostrophic, viscous, barotropic model on a beta-plane. The linear analysis reveals that amplification of a superimposed disturbance is favored when the topographically forced wave is approximately 90° out of phase with the topography. This phase relationship corresponds to flow near topographic resonance. The amplitude evolution of a weakly unstable disturbance is characterized by a monotonic approach to a steady value as it reaches finite amplitude. The nonlinear equilibrating mechanism is the convergence of momentum flux which results from the disturbance interacting with the correction to the topographically forced wave, its higher harmonics, and the form drag induced correction to the mean flow. In the absence of a secondary zonal wavenumber in the disturbance field, the stability threshold for a given set of parameter values is minimized, and equilibration at finite amplitude results solely from the interactions involving the higher harmonics. Finite amplitude instability is shown to exist in certain restricted regions of parameter space. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00292.x
Preference for Men as Bosses and Professionals

On the assumption that prejudice affects women's entry to maledominated professional and management occupations, this paper investigates preferences for men as bosses and professionals (BPs). Using a sample (N = 1,402) of university staff and academic employees, we found that highly educated women and men who are highly educated or married to women employed as academics or professionals are least likely to prefer men BPs. Preference for male BPs was also affected by the number of female BPs respondents had dealt with professionally and by exposure to reportedly good or poor ones. These findings imply that legislative policies which help women to enter professional and managerial occupations may be successful despite prejudice against women. In traditional societies, ascriptive characteristics tend to determine the kind of work people do. During industrialization, however, achieved characteristics become increasingly important, owing to the importance of an educated labor force. Prestige and power come to be justified on the basis of merit rather than birth. Hence the tension between ascription and achievement is a longstanding issue for persons who are stereotypically assigned inferior jobs. In recent years economists have analyzed the tension induced by labor market discrimination, occurring when a worker's personal characteristics unrelated to productivity have market value (Arrow). The theory of discrimination initially emphasized the employer's role (Becker) but economists soon recognized that employees and customers also have preferences (or prejudices) which influence access to jobs. Perhaps the most serious form of market discrimination is occupational segregation, the underrepresentation of minorities and women in white male-dominated professional and managerial occupations involving direct supervision of other workers or the authority of specialized knowledge in a client relationship. *This paper has benefited from the criticism of William Form. C 1979, University of North Carolina Press. 0037-7732/79/020466-76$01.10
Evidence that noradrenergic activity does not mediate the inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion caused by vasoactive intestinal peptide

We have recently shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats causes a pronounced inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Since there is increasing evidence for an interaction between VIP- and norepinephrine-secreting systems in the brain, we tested the hypothesis that disruption of central noradrenergic activity would attenuate VIP-induced suppression of pulsatile LH release. Seven days prior to blood sampling, we administered either 6-hydroxydopamine (30 micrograms) or vehicle into the third cerebral ventricle of long-term OVX rats. This treatment reduced hypothalamic norepinephrine concentrations to 36% of control values. On the day of blood sampling, serial 300-microliter blood samples were taken from conscious, unrestrained animals at 5-min intervals for a total of 4 h. Each sample was replaced with an equal volume of a blood replacement mixture. Immediately following a control bleeding period of 2 h, VIP was administered i.c.v. to each animal for 2 h (at a dose of 1.8 nmol/h). The suppression of pulsatile LH secretion caused by VIP infusion was virtually identical in the 6-hydroxydopamine- and vehicle-pretreated groups. These results indicate that a substantial depletion of hypothalamic norepinephrine does not attenuate VIP-induced suppression of pulsatile LH secretion. This provides evidence that centrally administered VIP inhibits pulsatile LH secretion by a mechanism independent of noradrenergic transmission.
Halothane sensitivity and linkage of genes for H red blood cell antigens, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) variants in pigs.

Summary Data from matings appropriate to test linkage in pigs of genes for halothane sensitivity (HAL), H red cell antigens, phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) red cell isoenzyme variants were consistent with a gene order of Phi-Hal-H-Pgd. There was no unequivocal evidence for a Hal locus separate from Phi, although the phenotype of one pig not tested for halothane sensitivity suggested recombination between Hal and Phi. Breeding tests confirmed that in two cases there had been recombination between Hal and H. Offspring of one of these recombinant types provided evidence for a locus for a gene for inhibition of expression of A and O separate from the locus for H.
The accuracy of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme determination (APID) is in common use despite evidence suggesting that the results correlate poorly with actual sites of disease. To assess the predictive value of this test in clinical practice, 99 APIDs performed on 94 patients were identified and the patients’ charts were reviewed. Results of APID were compared with actual patient diagnoses as determined by other means. The liver isoenzyme fraction was not very accurate in predicting the presence of liver disease (positive predictive value 68%). In contrast, the bone isoenzyme fraction was insensitive (56%) but a positive test predicted bone disease well (positive predictive value 93%). The association of elevated transaminases with elevated alkaline phosphatase on a chemistry profile was as useful as APID in identifying liver disease, suggesting that APID should not be done in this setting. Using this information, APID can be helpful in the assessment of an ill patient with an elevated alkaline phosphatase.
FPGA-based prototyping of a 2D MESH / TORUS on-chip interconnect (abstract only)

Many-core chip multiprocessors can be expected to scale to tens of cores and beyond in the near future. Existing and emerging workloads on general-purpose many-core processors typically exhibit fast-changing, unpredictable on-chip communication traffic full of burstiness and jitters between different functional blocks. To provide high sustainable performance, scalable interconnects with a rich feature set including support for adaptive and flexible communication, performance isolation, and fault-tolerance are needed. 2D mesh and torus are attractive choices because they are physical layout friendly and scale more gracefully in network latency and bisection bandwidth than other simple interconnects such as buses or rings. However, the adoption of 2D mesh/torus in many-core processor designs is dependent on a verifiable and robust micro-architecture and a validated set of features. FPGA based systems have recently become a cost-effective, rapid prototyping vehicle for chip multiprocessor architectures. In this paper we present an FPGA based prototype of 2D on-die interconnect architecture. Our prototype is a highly configurable full-scale design that supports options selecting many different micro-architectural features and routing algorithms. The prototype incorporates a synthetic traffic generator to exercise and evaluate our design. To facilitate evaluation and characterization, a rich development environment and novel software capabilities including a very detailed performance visualization infrastructure has been developed. We demonstrate the experiment results of several configurations on a 6x6 2D network emulator setup in this paper.
Intramuscular paraldehyde for artificial sleep.

Abstract A satisfactory methed for obtaining artificial sleep records through the use of intramuscular paraldehyde has been presented. Its use has provided a simplified approach to dealing with difficult patients — particularly of pediatric age. The artificial sleep produced with paraldehyde essentially parallels that of spontaneous sleep and apprently affords the electroencephalographer the same opportunity to search for latent abnormalities and to measure response to stimuli.
The hot DO white dwarf HD 149499 B - Einstein redshift of a DB progenitor with carbon features

High-resolution IUE spectra of the hot DO white dwarf HD 149499B have been analyzed. The mass of the white dwarf needed to fit the measured gravitational redshift is 0.4-0.6 solar mass for a degenerate core composed of carbon based upon using a nonzero temperature mass-radius relation. The resonance doublet of C IV (1550 A) appears to be photospheric in origin, and two possible explanations for the presence of carbon in a hot DO white dwarf are discussed. The relationship of HD 149499B and other DO white dwarfs to the DB white dwarfs is also considered.
CD of gels and suspensions: apparent CD in the soret region of sickle hemoglobin gels.

CD spectra in the soret region of sickle-cell deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-HbS) fiber gels are radically different from the CD of deoxy-HbS in solution. An explanation is found using the Stokes–Mueller representation of the interaction of a polarized beam with the instrument optical train and sample to derive expressions for the apparent CD of gels and suspensions of optically active molecules that consist of randomly oriented domains or particles that are linearly dichroic and linearly birefringent. These theoretical considerations show that the apparent CD spectra from such systems have contributions from the LD and birefringence of each domain even if no net linear birefringence and dichroism is apparent in the sample. Thus, the interpretation of the CD from gels and suspensions is problematic, unless it can be demonstrated that each domain or particle has extremely small absorbance or that the LD and birefringence of each is a very small fraction of the total absorbance. As a result, we conclude that the spectra of HbS gels are not due to the CD of the heme per se; rather, they also reflect the randomly oriented domain structure of the gels and the LD and linear birefringence associated with each domain.
Lunar Crater Depths from Orbiter IV Long-Focus Photographs

Determination of the depths of more than 1900 small lunar craters from measures of shadows on the long-focus pictures obtained by Lunar Orbiter IV. The method for converting the measured shadow length into the true length in nature of the shadow hypotenuse is new and is applicable to other planetary bodies, provided that comparable spacecraft ephemerides are available. The measures were made with a simple surveyor's plotting scale on the standard Orbiter IV photographic enlargements. The results indicate that the smaller lunar (D less than 30 km) crater are appreciably deeper than is indicated by earlier work using imagery obtained at terrestrial observatories.
A fast boundary element method for the two-dimensional Helmholtz Equation

Abstract In this paper, we present a fast method for solving boundary integral equations arising from the exterior Dirichlet problem for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. This method combines a quadrature method for discretizing the boundary integral equations with a preconditioned iterative method for solving the resulting dense, nonsymmetric linear systems. Using this method, a polynomial rate of convergence can be obtained by performing a finite number of iterations, which yields high computational efficiency. Various numerical examples are presented.
Digital Distribution of Academic Journals and Its Impact on Scholarly Communication: Looking Back after 20 Years.

Abstract It has been approximately 20 years since distributing scholarly journals digitally became feasible. This article discusses the broad implications of the transition to digital distributed scholarship from a historical perspective and focuses on the development of open access (OA) and the various models for funding OA in the context of the roles scholarly journals play in scientific communities.
Intense Vortex Motion on the Beta Plane: Development of the Beta Gyres

Abstract An analytical theory is presented for the self-induced translation of an intense vortex relative to a uniform background flow on the β plane. The equivalent barotropic approximation is used to formulate the initial value problem within a polar coordinate frame translating with the vortex center. A contour dynamical model of the vortex is melded with the regular beta-plane model of the residual flow. Evolution of vortex asymmetries for azimuthal mode number one, the so-called beta gyres, which are responsible for the relative vortex motion, is considered for a period of time while the Rossby wave radiation is not important. It is shown for an initially axisymmetric vortex that the beta gyres and corresponding vortex translational velocity consist of two parts. The first one is generated by advection of the background potential vorticity gradient and rotates differentially because of the symmetric vortex circulation. The second part arises due to distortion in the vortex shape represented by displa...
The large‐scale meridional transport of sensible heat in wavenumber frequency space

The longitude-time co-spectra of the meridional transport of sensible theat across 20°, 40°, 60°, and 80° N at 100, 200, 500, and 850 mb for the summer and winter seasons of 1964 have been computed and analyzed. It is found that there exists a preferred spectral band in the wave-number frequency spectra at various latitudes, which indicates the wave-number frequency domain of interaction between the meridional velocity and temperature. In the middle latitudes, the spectral band is oriented in a domain extending from the region of low wave-numbers and frequencies to that of high wave-numbers and negative frequencies. In the high latitudes, the heat transport is confined to a domain of low wave-numbers and frequencies. In the lower latitudes, however, the transport is confined to a very narrow band centered near the zero frequency. The total meridional transport of sensible heat at all four levels is mostly directed toward the North Pole, except at 20° N there is a weak equatorward transport of sensible heat at the 100, 200, and 850 mb levels. In the troposphere, the maximum heat transport is found to occur near 40° N, whereas in the stratosphere it occurs near 60° N. It is also found that most of the poleward transport of sensible heat in both the troposphere and stratosphere is accomplished by the stationary and eastward moving, long and medium waves, and that the equatorward transport is mostly accomplished by the westward moving, low frequency waves. Most of the convergence and divergence of the meridional transport in the troposphere is the contribution of the transient waves, whereas in the stratosphere it is mainly the result of the stationary waves. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1970.tb01519.x
Wildfire altering terrestrial precursors of disinfection byproducts in forest detritus.

Wildfire occurrence and intensity are increasing worldwide causing severe disturbances to forest watersheds used for potable water supply. The effects of wildfire on drinking water quality are not well understood, especially in terms of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) and DOM-associated formation of disinfection byproducts (DBP). As the forest floor layer is a major source of terrestrial DOM, we investigated characteristics and DBP formation of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) from the 0–5 cm depth of nonburned detritus (control) and burned detritus with black ash (moderate severity) and white ash (high severity) associated with the 2013 Rim Fire in California. Spectroscopic results suggested that the aromaticity of WEOM followed white ash > control > black ash and fluorescence region II (excitation 220–250 nm; emission 330–380 nm) of the emission-excitation-matrix was identified as a potential burn severity indicator. Compared to the control, WEOM from white and black ashes had lower re...
Consistency of the 1/N expansion for three-dimensional φ6 theory☆

Abstract We discuss three-dimensional φ 6 theory in the context of the 1/ N expansion. Previously we found that the theory behaved as if it were super -renormalizable to leading order in 1/ N . In view of the unusual behaviour and possible inconsistencies of renormalizable field theories in the 1/ N expansion we extend the analysis of φ 6 theory to second order in 1/ N since this is the order at which the φ 6 coupling constant renormalization becomes infinite. We derive the effective potential and renormalization counterterms to second order in 1/ N and discuss symmetry breaking and the stability of the vacuum. No inconsistencies appear. We also discuss the renormalization group and show the existence of a non-trivial fixed point to second order in 1/ N .
Identification of xanthine in excreta of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.)

Abstract Xanthine has been identified as a third purine occurring in excreta of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). It is present in young and fully grown larvae, pupae, and adults. At least two unidentified substances are also present.
Long-Term effects of silastic® sheeting in the middle ear

Silastic sheeting is used to restore a mucosally lined middle ear space and to prevent mucosal adhesions between the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and the promontory after surgical procedures involving the removal of middle ear mucosa. To determine the long-term (1.2 to 21.2 years) effects of Silastic sheeting in the middle ear, six temporal bones from patients with permanent Silastic sheeting in the middle ear cavity after single-stage tympanoplasty were examined. In all six bones, no histologic evidence of foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammation in the middle ear surrounding the silicone sheeting was observed. Furthermore, the middle ear space was lined by normal-appearing, continuous middle ear mucosa. In four temporal bones, there was no evidence of significant submucosal fibrosis. In two bones, significant submucosal fibrosis was attributable to concurrent middle ear disease rather than to the presence of the silicone. It is concluded that Silastic sheeting in the middle ear after single-stage procedures may prevent adhesions between mucosal surfaces. Given eustachian tube function, Silastic promotes a mucosally lined, aerated middle ear cavity without apparent foreign body reaction, rejection, or chronic inflammatory response.
Combustion Studies of Boron, Magnesium, and Aluminum Composite Propellants

Abstract The macroscopically steady combustion behavior of AP (ammonium perchlorate)-HTPB (hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) propellants containing boron and magnesium was examined using thermocouples and fiber optics and compared with previous results for similar aluminized propellants. Addition of magnesium at constant AP-HTPB ratio was found to increase propellant burning rate moderately while boron increased burning rate substantially. These increases were greater than those previously observed for similar aluminized propellants, A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the relative importance of various mechanisms such as conductive heat feedback, radiative feedback, and condensed phase heat release. For boron and magnesium the propellant burning rate was found to be most sensitive to changes in condensed phase heat release while the aluminized propellant was found to be most sensitive to radiative feedback. These observations are attributed to the properties of the various metals and their...
Bacterial diversity of bryophyte-dominant biological soil crusts and associated mites

We surveyed bacterial communities in arid land bryophytic soil crusts (BSCs) and in three associated mite species (a tydeid, a neonanorchestid, and an oribatid) using 16S rRNA gene libraries. We compared these to cyanobacterial crust systems and soils. We found 11 major phyla and 7 candidate phyla, and for both crusts and mites the dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Of the 330 unique 16S rRNA gene sequences found (97% nucleotide identity), mites and crusts shared only 20. Bacteroidetes were prevalent in crust libraries, suggesting the bacterial community in bryophytic crusts was affected by high carbon availability. Acidobacteria were most prevalent in mites. We also found sequences associated with plant rhizospheres, such as members of the order Rhizobiales, and the family Oxalobacteraceae. Mite libraries contained 7 novel sequences that grouped with Rickettsiella, an obligate intracellular arthropod pathogen, as well as bacterial groups related to beetle gut bacteria and known symbionts in Tetraponera ants. Bacterial communities in bryophytic BSCs differed from those reported for cyanobacterial BSCs and soils.
A theoretical and experimental analysis of bacterial growth in the bladder

Summary A mathematical model of human micturition dynamics and bacterial growth predicts the population growth rate required for a bladder infection to become established in the absence of adhesin-mediated surface growth. Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urinary tract have significantly higher in vitro growth rates in urine than strains isolated from the intestinal flora. The results suggest that, for E. coli isolated from the urinary tract, adhesin-mediated surface growth may not be required for infections to become established and persist. The growth-rate differences observed between urinary tract and Intestinal isolates suggests that the ability to survive and efficiently utilize the resources available in urine is an important adaptation for E. coli inhabiting the urinary tract.
Spontaneous start-up of a free-electron-laser oscillator

A unified treatment of spontaneous and stimulated emission in a free-electron laser is presented. Computer simulation results for the time evolution of the laser field, from incoherent spontaneous emission to coherent stimulated emission and eventual saturation, are reported for a one-dimensional model of the Stanford University free-electron laser.
Effect of stress and trauma on bacterial translocation from the Gut

Previously, we established that bacteria contained within the gut can cross the GI mucosal barrier and spread systemically, a process termed bacterial translocation. Three models were used to extend this work: (1) cold exposure (up to 16 hr at 4°C), a nontissue injury stress model; (2) femoral fracture-amputation, a trauma model; and (3) thermal injury (30% third-degree burn), a trauma model with retained necrotic tissue. CD-1 mice either with a normal GI microflora or who were monoassociated with Escherichia coli C-25 were subjected to sham or actual stress or trauma. The animals were sacrificed at various times postinsult and the ceca, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleens, and livers were quantitatively cultured. Neither the incidence nor the magnitude of bacterial translocation was increased in the cold-exposed animals compared to control mice. The incidence of bacterial translocation to the systemic organs was higher in the animals with a normal flora receiving femoral fracture amputation (11%) (P < 0.02) than in animals receiving a thermal injury (1%) or sham-injured control mice (0%). In contrast, the incidence of translocation to the liver or spleen was higher in burned mice monoassociated with E. coli C-25 (60%) (P < 0.01) than in E. coli monoassociated mice sustaining femoral fracture amputation (17%). Stress alone (cold exposure) does not promote bacterial translocation; however, trauma, especially in combination with retained necrotic tissue, promotes bacterial translocation. Thus bacteria colonizing the gut can invade systemic organs after trauma, especially when the normal ecology of the gut flora has been disrupted.
Stankevič and Hegel’s arrival in Russia

When Russia’s “Westernizers,” Nikolai Stankevic, Vissarion Belinskij, and Mikhail Bakunin first encountered Hegel’s ideas in the 1830s, they gravitated toward a conservative interpretation, centering on the proposition that the “rational is real.” This article studies the preconditions for that interpretation, demonstrating that it was grounded in the writings of the late Hegel and of the circle of adepts who popularized his ideas and writings immediately after his death. These adepts later came to be known as Center and Right Hegelians. They influenced the early reception of Hegel in France as well as in Russia. Stankevic, the first of the Westernizers to subject Hegel to systematic study, learned about Hegel through these mediators.
Long-term follow-up of pediatric recurrent respiratory papillomatosis managed with intralesional cidofovir.

Objective Cidofovir is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate antiviral medication that has been used intralesionally for the treatment of severe respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in pediatric patients. The long-term efficacy of this medication was assessed in 11 children with severe RRP who previously required operative debulking every 2 to 6 weeks to maintain airway patency. Study Design Clinical case series. Results Ten of these children have completed therapy. Five are disease free over a mean follow-up period of 51.6 months. Five other patients with active RRP decreased their mean severity scores from 17.8 (range 11–26) to 4.0 (range 2–6) and no longer require cidofovir. One patient continues to receive cidofovir for recurrent disease after an initial favorable response. Throughout the 6-year observational period, no patients demonstrated any adverse effects, laboratory abnormalities, or evidence of carcinogenesis. Conclusion Intralesional cidofovir is a useful adjunct for managing children with tenuous airways caused by previously uncontrolled papilloma.
Over-expression and localization of a host protein on the membrane of Cryptosporidium parvum infected epithelial cells

The genus Cryptosporidium includes several species of intestinal protozoan parasites which multiply in intestinal epithelial cells. The impact of this infection on the transcriptome of cultured host cells was investigated using DNA microarray hybridizations. The expression of 14 genes found to be consistently up- or down-regulated in infected cell monolayers was validated with RT PCR. Using immunofluorescence we examined the expression of Protease Activated Receptor-2, which is encoded by one of the up-regulated genes. In infected cells this receptor localized to the host cell membrane which covers the intracellular trophozoites and meronts. This observation indicates that the composition of the host cell membrane is affected by the developing trophozoite, a phenomenon which has not been described previously.
Chemical characteristics of particulate organic matter from a small, mountainous river system in the Oregon Coast Range, USA

To better understand the transfer of particulate organic matter (POM) by small mountainous river systems (SMRS) to the ocean, we measured the concentration and composition of suspended particles from the Alsea River, a SMRS in the Oregon Coast Range, over a wide range of discharges that included several floods. All particulate constituents measured, including organic carbon, nitrogen and biomarkers such as lignin-derived phenols, cutin acids and amino acid-derived products, displayed concentrations that increased as a power function of discharge. In contrast to other SMRS, virtually all POM in the Alsea River samples was modern and had an average age <60 year. In spite of their similar 14C ages, marked contrasts in elemental and biomarker compositions were evident in particles collected at low and high discharges. Particles at low flows were primarily composed of organic detritus from non-vegetation sources (e.g., algal cells) whereas mineral-rich particles containing vegetation and soil-derived POM were predominant at elevated flows. Biomarker compositions of these latter particles suggest most of the POM originated from areas if the watershed with measurable hardwood contributions, which include areas affected by shallow landslides and riparian zones. We infer that the low uplift rates, lush vegetation, high net primary production and relatively thick soils that characterize the Alsea watershed are responsible for these trends. Comparison of our results with those from other systems, including the well-studied Santa Clara River (southern California), demonstrates that SMRS are part of a continuum whereby contrasts in hydroclimate, geology and vegetation lead to significant differences in the age and composition of POM exported to the ocean.
DOC DYNAMICS IN A SMALL TEMPERATE ESTUARY: SIMULTANEOUS ADDITION AND REMOVAL PROCESSES AND IMPLICATIONS ON OBSERVED NONCONSERVATIVE BEHAVIOR

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in the Pawcatuck River estuary, a small temperate estuary in Rhode Island, United States, were examined through the use of field transect and in situ production studies. In late summer, when river discharge was minimal, phytoplankton blooms occurred in the upper reaches of the estuary and released large amounts of autochthonous DOC that accumulated in the middle reaches of the estuary. DOC production rates in August months, calculated both by mixing diagrams and in situ DOC incubations, ranged from 6.67 to 34.7 μmol C l−1 d−1 and were positively correlated with DCMU-enhanced fluorescence, an estimate of phytoplankton photosynthetic activity (r2=0.796, p<0.001). The percent extracellular release (PER) of DOC from phytoplankton, calculated from measured in situ DOC production and net phytoplankton production (NPP) rates, ranged from 5.8% to 40.6% and was negatively correlated with NPP (r2=0.80, p<0.01). Accumulated DOC was principally nonhumic in nature, and the humic DOC component behaved quite differently with either conservative mixing or significant removal at the head of the estuary. Humic removal at times amounted to approximately 50% of the humic material and 25% of the total incoming riverine DOC. These large humic losses were not observed in bulk DOC-salinity mixing diagrams but required distinct analyses of the humic and nonhumic components. DOC addition and removal processes co-occur in this system and observation of bulk DOC mixing diagrams may mask the true dynamic nature of the estuarine DOC pool. The net result of the DOC addition and removal processes is a seasonally variable transformation of a humic-rich incoming riverine DOC to a nonhumic enriched bulk DOC component that varies seasonally and with river discharge.
Kaposi's Sarcoma

A case of idiopathic multiple hemorrhagic sarcoma of Kaposi showing two lesions only, one on the scalp and the other on the forehead, presents features which warrant its recording. An Italian male of sixty-five years had two small, painless lumps on his scalp and forehead. They had been first noticed four months before, and the upper one had been operated on under a diagnosis of cyst. The wound had failed to heal and the lesions had continued to grow. Examination showed on the scalp, just above the hair line, an elevated, pinkish red nodule with smooth, tense surface, measuring 2 cm. in diameter; 2 cm. from it, just below the hair line, was a similar, slightly smaller nodule (Fig. 1). Both had depressed centers and were indurated but movable on the deep fascia. The patient9s past history and the family history were without significance. A clinical diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma was made and the two nodules were widely excised by Dr. A. Zimany, together with an area of skin and scalp measuring 8 × 3 cm. A pedicle flap from the left side of the forehead was sewed in place and the remaining defect covered by a Thiersch skin graft.