cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE THREE-BODY NUCLEAR INTERACTION IN K-40

Abstract An estimate of the effective three-body nuclear interaction between the nucleons outside closed subshells in K 40 is made by comparing the low-lying energy levels of Cl 38 and K 40 . Use is made of the fact that, in jj coupling, and for an arbitrary two-body interaction, the d 3 2 ±1 f 7 2 levels of one nucleus may be calculated from those of the other. After making a plausible calculation of the effects due to departures from the pure coupling scheme, we find a residual discrepancy between prediction and experiment which can be reasonably explained by invoking a repulsive three-body interaction. An argument, based on detailed features of the interconfiguration effects, suggests indeed that such a three-body interaction is required; if we assume this to be of short range, its magnitude is such that it contributes between 50 and 250 kev (for different J values) to the energy of the four outside nucleons in K 40 . These magnitudes should, at least, define a reasonable upper limit to the allowable three-body interaction.
Design of Tie Bars in Portland Cement Concrete Pavement considering Nonlinear Temperature Variations

Tie bar design at longitudinal construction joints in portland cement concrete pavement is based on the so-called subgrade drag theory. According to this theory, the required maximum spacing between tie bars is inversely proportional to the widths of the lanes that are tied together. As the number of lanes increases to accommodate greater traffic demand, tie bar spacing decreases. In a recent IH-10 project in Houston, Texas, the width of pavement lanes tied together was great enough to require 30-cm (1-ft) tie bar spacing. In Texas Department of Transportation design standards for continuously reinforced concrete pavement, the same spacing is required for both tie bars and transverse steel. The use of 30-cm spacing for both tie bars and transverse steel results in a substantial increase in the cost of the project. The subgrade drag theory assumes uniform temperature distribution through the concrete slab depth and no curling effect is incorporated. This assumption needs reconsideration. Field testing was conducted to investigate slab behavior and to develop more rational designs for tie bars and transverse steel. Concrete displacement gauges were installed at the free edge of the concrete slab to measure transverse horizontal as well as vertical displacements. Steel strain gauges were installed at different locations in tie bars. The concrete slab showed curling behavior; the stresses in tie bars clearly demonstrated the effects of curling. Theoretical analysis was conducted, and the results verified the field data. A new design method was proposed for tie bars.
Continuous symmetry reduction and return maps for high-dimensional flows

We present two continuous symmetry reduction methods for reducing highdimensional dissipative flows to local return maps. In the Hilbert polynomial basis approach, the equivariant dynamics is rewritten in terms of invariant coordinates. In the method of moving frames (or method of slices) the state space is sliced locally in such a way that each group orbit of symmetry-equivalent points is represented by a single point. In either approach, numerical computations can be performed in the original state-space representation, and the solutions are then projected onto the symmetry-reduced state space. The two methods are illustrated by reduction of the complex Lorenz system, a 5-dimensional dissipative flow with rotational symmetry. While the Hilbert polynomial basis approach appears unfeasible for high-dimensional flows, symmetry reduction by the method of moving frames offers hope.
Mammalian Orc1 Protein Is Selectively Released from Chromatin and Ubiquitinated during the S-to-M Transition in the Cell Division Cycle

Previous studies have shown that changes in the affinity of the hamster Orc1 protein for chromatin during the M-to-G1 transition correlate with the activity of hamster origin recognition complexes (ORCs) and the appearance of prereplication complexes at specific sites. Here we show that Orc1 is selectively released from chromatin as cells enter S phase, converted into a mono- or diubiquitinated form, and then deubiquitinated and re-bound to chromatin during the M-to-G1 transition. Orc1 is degraded by the 26S proteasome only when released into the cytosol, and peptide additions to Orc1 make it hypersensitive to polyubiquitination. In contrast, Orc2 remains tightly bound to chromatin throughout the cell cycle and is not a substrate for ubiquitination. Since the concentration of Orc1 remains constant throughout the cell cycle, and its half-life in vivo is the same as that of Orc2, ubiquitination of non-chromatin-bound Orc1 presumably facilitates the inactivation of ORCs by sequestering Orc1 during S phase. Thus, in contrast to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), mammalian ORC activity appears to be regulated during each cell cycle through selective dissociation and reassociation of Orc1 from chromatin-bound ORCs.
Mockingbird: flexible stub compilation from pairs of declarations

Mockingbird is a prototype tool for developing interlanguage and distributed applications. It compiles stubs from pairs of interface declarations, allowing existing data types to be reused on both sides of every interface. Other multilanguage stub compilers impose data types on the application, complicating development. Mockingbird supports C/C++, Java, and CORBA IDL, and can be extended to other languages. Mockingbird can generate stubs that convert between types whose structural equivalence would be missed by other tools. We show that this kind of tool improves programming productivity, and describe, in detail, Mockingbird's design and implementation.
Bootstrap Model Selection

Abstract In a regression problem, typically there are p explanatory variables possibly related to a response variable, and we wish to select a subset of the p explanatory variables to fit a model between these variables and the response. A bootstrap variable/model selection procedure is to select the subset of variables by minimizing bootstrap estimates of the prediction error, where the bootstrap estimates are constructed based on a data set of size n. Although the bootstrap estimates have good properties, this bootstrap selection procedure is inconsistent in the sense that the probability of selecting the optimal subset of variables does not converge to 1 as n → ∞. This inconsistency can be rectified by modifying the sampling method used in drawing bootstrap observations. For bootstrapping pairs (response, explanatory variable), it is found that instead of drawing n bootstrap observations (a customary bootstrap sampling plan), much less bootstrap observations should be sampled: The bootstrap selection p...
Abnormal Pap smears with negative follow-up biopsies: Improving cytohistologic correlations

A review of the literature noted 11-16% discrepancy rates in cytology and histology diagnoses. We collected 358 cases with abnormal cytology and matching cervical biopsies. There were 123 (30%) discrepant pairs, of which 34 (27%) had negative biopsies following Papanicolaou (Pap) smears with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). These constituted our study group. All biopsies were obtained within an average of 5 wk after Pap smears (range, 0-18 wk). After confirming original diagnoses, all biopsies were evaluated for the presence of squamocolumnar junction, proper orientation, gross size of specimen, denudation of superficial mucosa, and inadequate sectioning through blocks. Each block was recut at three levels and reviewed microscopically. Five biopsies (14%) needed reorientation. Nine biopsies (26%) showed more than a 2-mm difference from gross size. Eleven (32%) new SILs were found. Adequate deep sectioning and proper orientation of tissues can significantly improve cytohistologic correlations.
The Function of Adaptation in Notker's Rhetorica

n his article "The Teaching of Rhetoric in the Middle Ages," R. R. Bolgar asserts that the nmth, tenth, and eleventh centuries comprise "the most important period in the history of medieval rhetoric" because it was then that "men became famiUar with the subject, and when its different uses were carefuUy explored."' One work which weU represents this interest in rhetoric is a brief rhetorical treatise written sometime near the end of the tenth century and beUeved to be the Noua rhetorica of a German monk, Notker Labeo of St. GaU. As one of few extant
Treadmill desks: A 1-year prospective trial.

Objective: Sedentariness is associated with weight gain and obesity. A treadmill desk is the combination of a standing desk and a treadmill that allow employees to work while walking at low speed. Design and Methods: The hypothesis was that a 1-year intervention with treadmill desks is associated with an increase in employee daily physical activity (summation of all activity per minute) and a decrease in daily sedentary time (zero activity). Employees (n = 36; 25 women, 11 men) with sedentary jobs (87 ± 27 kg, BMI 29 ± 7 kg/m2, n = 10 Lean BMI 30 kg/m2) volunteered to have their traditional desk replaced with a treadmill desk to promote physical activity for 1 year. Results: Daily physical activity (using accelerometers), work performance, body composition, and blood variables were measured at Baseline and 6 and 12 months after the treadmill desk intervention. Subjects who used the treadmill desk increased daily physical activity from baseline 3,353 ± 1,802 activity units (AU)/day to, at 6 months, 4,460 ± 2,376 AU/day (P < 0.001), and at 12 months, 4,205 ± 2,238 AU/day (P < 0.001). Access to the treadmill desks was associated with significant decreases in daily sedentary time (zero activity) from at baseline 1,020 ± 75 min/day to, at 6 months, 929 ± 84 min/day (P < 0.001), and at 12 months, 978 ± 95 min/day (P < 0.001). For the whole group, weight loss averaged 1.4 ± 3.3 kg (P < 0.05). Weight loss for obese subjects was 2.3 ± 3.5 kg (P < 0.03). Access to the treadmill desks was associated with increased daily physical activity compared to traditional chair-based desks; their deployment was not associated with altered performance. For the 36 participants, fat mass did not change significantly, however, those who lost weight (n = 22) lost 3.4 ± 5.4 kg (P < 0.001) of fat mass. Weight loss was greatest in people with obesity. Conclusions: Access to treadmill desks may improve the health of office workers without affecting work performance.
Adrenergic modulation of interdigestive pancreatic secretion in humans.

Whether the adrenergic pathways participate in the control of interdigestive pancreatic function in humans is uncertain. To determine if changes in alpha- or beta-adrenergic tone modulate interdigestive pancreatic enzyme output, 16 healthy subjects were intubated with an orojejunal tube to collect and quantify pancreatic trypsin secretion and record motility. After observation of a complete interdigestive cycle (control period), eight groups of two subjects each received 2-hour intravenous infusions of the alpha- and beta-agonist epinephrine (50 ng.kg-1.min-1), the alpha-antagonist phentolamine (5 mg/2 min followed by 500 micrograms/min), the beta-antagonist propranolol (5 mg/2 min followed by 80 micrograms/min), or saline as control, alone or in combination. Drugs were assigned in a random mode according to a 2(3) factorial design. Analysis of variance showed that epinephrine decreased trypsin output by 43% (P less than 0.05). By contrast, trypsin output was increased fourfold in the presence of phentolamine (P less than 0.01), whereas propranolol had no effect. These data suggest that an inhibitory alpha-adrenergic tone modulates human interdigestive pancreatic enzyme secretion whereas beta inputs are less important.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WINGS AND WING/WINGLET COMBINATIONS AT LOW SPEEDS

Numerical treatment in Prandtl lifting-line theory of the nonlinearity associated with a 2-D lift curve, when the local incidence is larger than the incidence of maximum lift, is proposed. It is shown that the use of an artificial viscosity term makes the solution unique and allows the iterative method to converge to a physically meaningful solution, that is in agreement with the exact solution for the test case. The design and analysis of winglets is presented. The winglets considered are small fences placed upward at the tip of the wing to improve the wing efficiency by decreasing the induced drag. The effect of yaw on a wing equipped with such optimal winglets indicates that they provide weathercock stability.
Nanoscaled Reinforcement of Polystyrene Foams using Carbon Nanofibers

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are used as both the nucleants and the reinforcements for polystyrene (PS) foams in both batch and continuous extrusion processes with CO2 as the blowing agent. The inclusion of CNFs exhibits substantial impact on the morphology and properties of PS foams. The presence of CNFs results in a decrease in the cell size and an increase in the cell density. Macroscopic strength enhancement of PS foams due to the incorporation of CNFs is experimentally observed. These results are qualitatively explained via a series of nanoscaled observations. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the alignment of CNFs and the polymer-sheathing phenomenon are identified. The protective CNF layers around the cell wall and the substantial polymer-fiber interactions resulted in the enhancement of foam strengths. Thermal properties (heat conductivity, infrared transmission, and thermal expansion coefficient) of the PS foams can also be influenced by CNFs. Intensive shear force exerted by the twin-screw...
Hypoxia inhibits increased ETB receptor-mediated NO synthesis in hypertensive rat lungs

Although hypertensive lungs of chronically hypoxic rats express increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) synthases (NOSs) and produce increased amounts of NO-containing compounds (NOx) during normoxic...
Truth in Advertising: Reasonable Versus Unreasonable Claims About Improving Ethics Consultation.

It is said that a journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step, so it may be that the efforts described in the papers by Pearlman and colleagues (2016) and Fins and colleagues (2016), whic...
Abstract 017: Hyperglycemia-induced Posttranscriptional Modification Of Proinflammatory Cytokine Mrna Stability Is Mediated Via Hur/PKC-delta Signaling Pathway

Patients with diabetes are predisposed to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Persistent interaction of infiltrating macrophages and resident fibroblasts play a critical role in cardiac fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanism is not clear. We hypothesized that macrophage ELAV1 (mRNA stabilizing protein) modulates profibrotic mediators and extracellular matrix turnover by binding to 3′UTR and regulating the mRNA stability of TGF-beta and MMP-9 in hyperglycemic conditions. Mice receiving intramyocardial injection of HuR-specific shRNA showed significant reduction in infarct size and fibrosis area. Reduced fibrosis was associated with decrease in TGF-beta and MMP-9 expression in the myocardium. Conditioned media (CM) from high glucose (HG) treated macrophages significantly increased profibrogenic response (increased mRNA expression of Col1a1, Col3a1 and fibronectin) in fibroblast cell line as compared to fibroblasts incubated with CM from low glucose (LG)-treated macrophages. Knockdown of ELAV1 in HG-treated macrophages abrogated the profibrotic effects in fibroblasts. Indirect immunofluroscence of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) demonstrated that HG increases nuclear ELAV1 export to the cytoplasm. Pharmacological inhibition of Protein kinase C-delta (PKCd) blocked HG-induced ELAV1 nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation. In vitro, stable knockdown of ELAV1 in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 reduced mRNA expression of TGF-beta and MMP-9 following LPS challenge, accompanied by a marked reduction in the mRNA stability of these genes. Our study here establishes an ELAV1/TGF-beta/MMP-9/PKC-delta signaling axis in the macrophages controlling the profibrogenic responses in fibroblasts, the major contributor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Therefore, targeting this signaling pathway might be of therapy value for cardiac fibrosis in diabetic patients.
Rural Homeowners’ Willingness to Buy Flood Insurance

ABSTRACTHouses are the primary asset for Chinese rural families. However, dramatically increasing frequency and severity of floods have caused significant loss in rural houses recently, and there is generally no insurance available. In this article, we investigate the rural residents’ willingness to buy insurance according to a national survey. The results show that there exists a strong need for flood insurance in rural China, and the influencing factors in the insurance demand include the recent frequency of floods, income, and past experience with lack of flood insurance. Policy suggestions for flood insurance are provided for the insurance industry and Chinese government.
REMELTING OF SSM INGOT PREPARED BY THE NEAR-LIQUIDUS CASTING OF AZ91D MAGNESIUM ALLOY

The microstructure evolution of AZ91D magnesium alloy SSM (semi-solid metal) ingots obtained by near-liquidus casting was investigated under altering partial remelting temperature and holding time. The results indicate that good thixotropic microstructure would be obtained by controlling remelting temperature and holding time suitably, and the spheroidizing process is accelerated and improved due to refining and rosettizing of ingot microstructure at higher cooling rate during casting. For the ingots cast at near-liquidus and stewing for 30 min, optimizing thixotropic microstructure could be obtained at 575-580 ℃ for 15-30 min as cast in water-cooled-iron mould, and 580 ℃ for 15-30 min in graphite mould. The process of microstructure evolution during remelting includes spheroidization preparation, grains refining and spheroidizing, and grains growth. The diffusion of solute and vacancy, and the boundary tension play a predominant role respectively at the primary stage, and the middle-final stage.
Complete Wetting of Pt(111) by Nanoscale Liquid Water Films.

The melting and wetting of nanoscale crystalline ice films on Pt(111) that are transiently heated above the melting point in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) using nanosecond laser pulses are studied with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and Kr temperature-programmed desorption. The as-grown crystalline ice films consist of nanoscale ice crystallites embedded in a hydrophobic water monolayer. Upon heating, these crystallites melt to form nanoscale droplets of liquid water. Rapid cooling after each pulse quenches the films, allowing them to be interrogated with UHV surface science techniques. With each successive heat pulse, these liquid drops spread across the surface until it is entirely covered with a multilayer water film. These results, which show that nanoscale water films completely wet Pt(111), are in contrast to molecular dynamics simulations predicting partial wetting of water drops on a hydrophobic water monolayer. The results provide valuable insights into the wetting characteristics of nanosc...
The Nineteenth Century: New Public, New Theatres, New Forms

Not even Moliere or Aristophanes roused more laughter than Labiche and Feydeau. Entertainers of an age, for more than half a century their plays were the delight of the most middle-class audience ever to grace a theatre. Yet such is the depth of their comic spirit that only today are we discovering its full implications. Such is their originality that the first major success of each was either performed with great misgivings or entirely rejected. Labiche’s Un Chapeau de paille d’ltalie (An Italian Straw Hat, 1851) was considered so absurd by the theatre manager who had accepted it, that the poor man left town for the opening so as not to witness the disaster. Instead the play ran for three hundred performances, an unheard-of run in the mid- nineteenth century. Feydeau’s Champignol malgre lui (Champignol in Spite of Himself, 1892) was refused by its first readers, the theatre managers Mussay and Boyer, who considered the farce so preposterous they advised the author to file it away for ever and never show it to anyone again.
El triángulo azul: el teatro como recurso de sobrevivencia y espacio de memoria

El triangulo azul es un vodevil sobre el Holocausto, de Laila Ripoll y Mariano Llorente, que recupera la memoria de los espanoles republicanos que acabaron en Mauthausen. La fabula se basa en dos historias reales: el escondite y preservacion de muchas de las fotografias sobre la barbarie nazi que dos espanoles realizaron, y el vodevil que un grupo de prisioneros republicanos monto en la navidad de 1942 en el campo. Siguiendo el analisis de Marianne Hirsch, la obra puede considerarse como un ejemplo de postmemoria. En este ensayo se revisa desde una perspectiva dramatica como se reconstruye, recupera y representa la identidad de algunos de esos olvidados del Holocausto, asi como la importancia politica de la obra teatral, sobre todo en terminos de lo que ha significado el olvido.
Products and Markets in the English Wool Textile Industry to 1730

In 1730 George Stansfield, a kersey manufacturer and merchant from the parish of Halifax in Yorkshire, wrote to a correspondent in Holland regarding some bales of his cloth which were already in another merchant’s warehouse. They had been in Holland during a slump in trade, but now that the markets were improving, Stansfield was eager to find a buyer: Now good gentlemen, I’ve acquainted you with all the goods…1 have unsold which I doubt not can sell at a much better price than I offer them you, but in consideration of our former dealing you shall have them without advance as I offered you them at 34 s. per piece and 25 s. a pack for packing. This is the very lowest price I shall take, and as to a commission, trade, without, is much better. If what I propose consist with your interest, shall be glad to serve you, other-ways let us live and love still.1
A tomographic simulation technique for evaluating quantitative limitations of myocardial PET studies

A three-dimensional simulation method has been developed for evaluating the potential to quantify myocardial function with PET (positron emission tomography) using a three-dimensional beating heart phantom. Expected tracer kinetics are assigned regionally throughout the heart phantom and tomographic simulation methods are utilized to form a dynamic sequence of images. Analysis of the simulated data using standard kinetic evaluation tools provides estimates of bias and variance in the kinetic parameters as a function of emission and transmission scan statistics, image scatter fraction, and placement of regions of interest. Comparison of the simulation results with measured PET data demonstrates the validity of the simulation approach and its application in the evaluation of quantitative myocardial PET studies. >
Crystallization Behavior and Kinetics of Chocolate-Lauric Fat Blends and Model Systems

Binary mixtures of cocoa butter and lauric fats have widespread use in chocolates and confections, yet incompatibilities between these fats can present formulation and processing constraints. This study examined the phase behavior and crystallization kinetics of cocoa butter-lauric fat model systems and chocolate-lauric fat blends. Solid fat content (SFC) profiles and isosolid diagrams confirmed eutectic and diluent interactions, indicating a softening of cocoa butter by lauric fat addition. Crystallization kinetics of model systems adhered to an exponential growth model. High lauric fat levels delayed crystal growth and reduced equilibrium SFC of cocoa butter. Coconut and palm kernel oils altered the solidification mechanisms of cocoa butter to a greater extent than fractionated palm kernel oil. Chocolate systems displayed multi-step crystal growth that contrasted with the exponential growth observed in the model systems. At high lauric fat levels (30%), crystallization onset was significantly lengthened. Blends with high lauric fat contents showed low $$G_{{\text {max}} }^{\prime }$$ and did not achieve final equilibrium after 60 min of cooling, indicating incomplete crystallization.
Radiation Brain Dose to Vascular Surgeons During Fluoroscopically Guided Interventions Is Not Effectively Reduced by Wearing Lead Equivalent Surgical Caps

Abstract Objective Radiation to the interventionalist's brain during fluoroscopically guided interventions (FGIs) may increase the incidence of cerebral neoplasms. Lead equivalent surgical caps claim to reduce radiation brain doses by 50% to 95%. We sought to determine the efficacy of the RADPAD (Worldwide Innovations & Technologies, Lenexa, Kan) No Brainer surgical cap (0.06 mm lead equivalent at 90 kVp) in reducing radiation dose to the surgeon's and trainee's head during FGIs and to a phantom to determine relative brain dose reductions. Methods Optically stimulated, luminescent nanoDot detectors (Landauer, Glenwood, Ill) inside and outside of the cap at the left temporal position were used to measure cap attenuation during FGIs. To check relative brain doses, nanoDot detectors were placed in 15 positions within an anthropomorphic head phantom (ATOM model 701; CIRS, Norfolk, Va). The phantom was positioned to represent a primary operator performing femoral access. Fluorography was performed on a plastic scatter phantom at 80 kVp for an exposure of 5 Gy reference air kerma with or without the hat. For each brain location, the percentage dose reduction with the hat was calculated. Means and standard errors were calculated using a pooled linear mixed model with repeated measurements. Anatomically similar locations were combined into five groups: upper brain, upper skull, midbrain, eyes, and left temporal position. Results This was a prospective, single-center study that included 29 endovascular aortic aneurysm procedures. The average procedure reference air kerma was 2.6 Gy. The hat attenuation at the temporal position for the attending physician and fellow was 60% ± 20% and 33% ± 36%, respectively. The equivalent phantom measurements demonstrated an attenuation of 71% ± 2.0% ( P P P = .15) or the eyes (−1.5% ± 1.4%; P = .28). Conclusions The No Brainer surgical cap attenuates direct X rays at the superficial temporal location; however, the majority of radiation to an interventionalist's brain originates from scatter radiation from angles not shadowed by the cap as demonstrated by the trivial percentage brain dose reductions measured in the phantom. Radiation protective caps have minimal clinical relevance.
Polymorphism in elemental silicon: Probabilistic interpretation of the realizability of metastable structures

With few systems of technological interest having been studied as extensively as elemental silicon, there currently exists a wide disparity between the number of predicted low-energy silicon polymorphs and those that have been experimentally realized as metastable at ambient conditions. We put forward an explanation for this disparity wherein the likelihood of formation of a given polymorph under near-equilibrium conditions can be estimated on the basis of mean-field isothermal-isobaric $(N,p,T)$ ensemble statistics. The probability that a polymorph will be experimentally realized is shown to depend upon both the hypervolume of that structure's potential energy basin of attraction and a Boltzmann factor weight containing the polymorph's potential enthalpy per particle. Both attributes are calculated using density functional theory relaxations of randomly generated initial structures. We find that the metastable polymorphism displayed by silicon can be accounted for using this framework to the exclusion of a very large number of other low-energy structures.
Erdős and Multiplicative Number Theory

Paul Erdős was a prolific writer of letters as well as articles. Along with many other mathematicians in areas such as number theory, combinatorics, and set theory, I was on his “mailing list.“ Paul’s letters arrived several times a year from mathematics centers near and far. They typically began, I hope you are well and things are OK in Samland. I am visiting A right now, and leave next week to preach in B. Let f(n) be a function … . This article reviews some of the topics we discussed: estimates of prime number counts, distribution questions for the Euler φ function, and elementary methods in prime number theory.
Human growth hormone: a complex of proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that the human growth hormone is a complex of proteins. Human growth hormone stands apart from all other pituitary hormones when one considers the amount present in the gland. It amounts to 8 mg/gland as compared to the other hormones which are found in microgram amounts. Using analytical and preparative techniques, it has been found that growth hormone is not a single substance but a mixture of variants differing in amino acid sequence, posttranslational modified forms, and fragments. The chapter focuses on the experimental results that support the concept that each of the forms can be a separate hormone with a different physiological role and only when taken altogether can the mixture account for the complex and often contradictory actions of the hormone. The concept that growth hormone is a mixture of different forms is stimulated by two reports—the elegant analytical gel electrophoresis technique, and that growth hormone is less effective in inhibiting glucose uptake if recrystallized. The electrophoretic approach makes it apparent that preparations of growth hormone are not only heterogeneous, but also the hormone is contaminated with a proteinase that readily produces hydrolytic products that contributes to the heterogenity.
Organized Complexity in Human Affairs: The Tobacco Industry

How do we explain organized complexity in human affairs? The most common model explain s human organization as the outcome of rational design; order in human affairs arises from the intentions, plans, and orders of those in charge. For organizational complexity on vast scales, this model is insufficient, misleading, and potentially disastrous. An alternative model, based upon self-organization within complex systems, is developed and applied to the tobacco industry.
6.1 – Optical Linear Algebra Processors

Abstract : This project considers the use of optical linear algebra processors for various applications in real time signal processing. The main thrusts of this project are: algorithms, architectures and applications for linear algebra optical processors. The work reported upon herein concerns two optical linear algebra processors and initial results obtained on each in the solution of very diverse engineering problems. The first system is a space integrating and frequency multiplexed processor applied to an iterative solution of linear algebraic equations for optimal control and to an explicit solution of the heat diffusion equation. The second system is a time and space integrating multi-channel acousto-optic processor applied to a finite element problem solution. The work reported here involves the first laboratory demonstrations of an optical linear algebra processor in a full engineering problem with new work in algorithms also involved. These include: an iterative algorithm linear algebraic equation solution, a nonlinear matrix solution, a frequency-multiplexed analog solution, high accuracy encoded explicit solution, and the first direct high-accuracy linear algebraic equation solution. New partitioning algorithms as well as parallel linear algebra algorithms are advanced and demonstrated on laboratory optical systems for the first time. These results are all significant original contributions in engineering, theory and the applications of linear algebra processors. They also form the framework for future research consideration.
Where is the Life-World?

More than twenty years, years which include the First World War as well as the rise of National Socialism, separate Husserl’s last great work, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology from the main text of Ideas II. Between the two lies the work of the 1920s, including the development of genetic phenomenology along with the method of Abbau and Aufbau, and the investigations of the living present of the early 1930s (now deposited in the ‘C’ manuscripts). However, the most important difference between the two works can be summed up in one word: “Lebenswelt.”
Discriminability of the Quality of Amplitude-Compressed Speech

In an earlier experiment on intelligibility of amplitude-compressed speech, subjects could not hear a difference between noncompressed speech and speech under some conditions of compression. Theref...
Management strategies for WBC growth factor use.

6619Background: WBC growth factors have revolutionized the management of chemotherapy induced neutropenia and significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization for neutropenic sepsis. They have been...
Emergence of DSS efforts in genomics: Past contributions and challenges

Abstract Large amounts of data in biomedical research (from clinical data to gene expression data) are being generated. Use of these data sets and their associated knowledge are essential to understand the biological mechanisms behind diseases. While patients' clinical data from EHR can help researchers accurately and appropriately trace the performance of various kinds of medicines on the patients, the microarray data for the same pool of patients can contain valuable information for discovery of disease-associated gene expression patterns and can help classify the patients. However, research in the area of integrating genomic data with clinical data is still in its infancy and is riddled with many challenges. Even though data and knowledge sets are easily available from genome sequences and protein structural data of organisms, they usually are of many different varieties. Integrating them for a better understanding of biological functions at all levels is complicated. If we want to obtain the full benefit of functional genomics, we need to find a seamless way to integrate large amounts of patient datasets with genomic datasets in the field of biomedicine. Few papers in the decision support systems (DSS) literature provide an overview of Genomic Clinical Decision Support (GCDS) challenges that span data, knowledge, input/output, and architecture/implementation. This paper presents a unique effort dedicated to providing a comprehensive listing and a concise description of the DSS methodological challenges that arise from integrating complex and massive-scale genomic data with Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems.
Multi-Hop Communication for nTorrent in a Wireless Ad Hoc Environment.

nTorrent is a BitTorrent-like application that is based on NDN (Named Data Networking). Ad hoc environments introduce additional challenges to the dissemination of files among peers. Some issues that we encounter are that not all peers in the neighborhood or environment run the nTorrent application or desire the same torrent file. These issues cause nTorrent interests to be unable to be processed or prevent peers from downloading their desired torrent files. In order to solve this issue, I implemented pure forwarding nodes that represent peers that do not run the nTorrent application and also extended the original nTorrent application to be able to forward interests for torrent files other than their own desired torrent file. For this project, the solution is able to facilitate multi-hop communication through all nodes present in the environment whether or not they run nTorrent.
Das thrombotische Kugelventil

Die 68-jahrige Patientin wurde mit aus der Ruhe heraus aufgetretenen, thorakoabdominellen, gurtelformig ins Epigastrium, in den Rucken und die oberen Extremitaten ausstrahlenden Schmerzen auf den Notfall zugewiesen.
A simulation approach to sizing batteries for integration with net-zero energy residential buildings

Abstract Utilities have greatly increased the use of time-of-use (TOU) rate structures for residential customers to more closely match the cost of delivered electricity as well as demand tariffs to incentivize a temporal shift in residential energy use. However current research tends to focus on a particular climate or location. This study analyzes four residences across four different climate zones in Arizona and explores the value of adding battery storage to a net-zero energy (NZE) photovoltaic (PV) system. Using the National Renewable Energy Lab's Building Optimization (BEopt) and System Advisor Model (SAM) tools, this study performs parametric analysis by varying battery size to determine a capacity that produces a maximum net present value (NPV). A sensitivity analysis on three possible future battery price trends is also performed. This study finds the NZE PV systems are only able to mitigate 37–44% of the peak electricity purchases and 4–12% of demand charges due to mismatch between solar potential and on-peak hours. Adding large batteries, 1.5–1.6 times larger than required to meet the annual peak energy purchase requirements, provides a maximum NPV for PV-battery systems at locations with favorable utility rates. We conclude that the best economics are achieved, at both current and expected future battery prices, when batteries are sized to never require replacement during the PV system lifetime.
Edge-Cuts of Optimal Average Weights

Let G be a directed graph associated with a weight w : E(G) → R+. For an edge-cut Q of G, the average weight of Q is denoted and defined as wave(Q) = ∑e∈Qw(e) |Q|. An optimal edge-cut with average ...
Insulinoma-associated protein 1 expression in primary and metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary tracts.

Aims Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a transcription factor that is expressed in developing and mature neuroendocrine tissue. Recent studies have shown that INSM1 is a sensitive marker for neuroendocrine tumours. The aims of this study were to evaluate INSM1 expression in primary gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) and in their known metastases, in order to assess its sensitivity as compared with chromogranin-A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SYN), and to evaluate any change in expression between primary and metastatic disease. Methods and results We identified 30 patients with primary GEP-NEN. Liver metastatic tissue was available for 26 patients; two patients had two metachronous metastatic foci, yielding a total of 28 metastatic cases. An additional two and seven non-paired cases of primary and metastatic grade 3 GEP-NEN, respectively, were included. To assess specificity, we evaluated the expression of these markers in other primary tumours (colorectal adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and metastatic tumours in the liver (adrenal cortical, breast and prostate carcinomas) that may present as differential diagnoses. In our cohort, all of the primary GEP-NENs and 94% of the metastatic GEP-NENs expressed INSM1. INSM1 showed similar sensitivity to SYN and higher sensitivity than CgA in both primary and metastatic neoplasms. INSM1 has comparable specificity to CgA, and higher specificity than SYN. Conclusions The nuclear reactivity and the high sensitivity and specificity of INSM1 make it a preferred neuroendocrine marker. In conclusion, INSM1 can be used as a single first-line marker for primary and metastatic GEP-NEN.
Adipose Progenitor Cells Contribute to Lipid Spillover during Obesity

A recent study (Girousse et al. Cell Rep. 2019;27:323–333) shows that CXCR4+ adipose progenitors (APCs) contribute to lipid spillover during high-fat feeding through their release from subcutaneous fat depots (ScATs) and migration to skeletal muscle where they differentiate into adipocytes. Pharmacological antagonism of CXCR4, which prevents the CXCL12-dependent retention of APCs in ScAT, mimics the effects of overfeeding.
Peer support: A needs assessment for social support from trained peers in response to stress among medical physicists.

Purpose Previous studies suggest that within radiation oncology, medical physicists (MP) experience high workloads. Little is known about how MPs use social support (SS) in times of stress. Methods In collaboration with the Workgroup on Prevention of Medical Error, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine administered this Human Investigation Committee (HIC) approved email survey to 8566 members. Respondents were considered likely to seek SS if they answered (probably/definitely would) and unlikely to seek support if they answered (probably/definitely would not). Logistic regression was applied to determine associations between demographic factors and willingness to seek support as well as perception of barriers. Results One thousand two hundred and ninety-seven members (15.1%) accessed and gave consent for the survey. One thousand and one (11.7%) respondents answered all relevant questions. Respondents were predominantly male (69.1%), MP in radiation oncology (81.8%), private practice (51.6%), with practice duration> 10 yr (60.2%). MPs were likely to seek SS for personal physical illness (78.63%), involvement in a medical error (73.94%) or adverse patient outcome (75.17%). MPs sought SS in the setting of personal fatigue (33.2%) or burnout (44.3%). Barriers to seeking SS were lack of time (80.3%), and uncertainty about whom to access (70.7%). MPs responded that they would be most likely to seek support from an equally experienced medical physicist colleague (81.0%). Most MPs (67.0%) identified as having experienced stressors, with serious family illness (35.2%), or burnout (32.8%) being most common. Factors associated with MPs unwillingness to seek SS for medical error included> 20 yr in practice (vs still in training - OR 0.30, P = 0.015), and male gender (OR 0.60, P = 0.003). Male gender was associated with the lowest willingness to seek support (OR 2.10, P = 0.0001), but also with fewer perceived barriers (OR 1.60, P = 0.0075). Conclusion Willingness to seek SS is demonstrated, and MPs want colleagues to provide support. Given these results, peer support could be considered among MPs.
The protective impact of a mental skills training session and motivational priming on participants’ psychophysiological responses to performance stress

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether a motivational priming session (i.e., educational lecture) and/or cognitive restructuring-based mental skills training session can elicit a protective physiological response to performance stress (i.e., an ego-involving climate). The stress hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol were assessed. DHEA is a neurosteroid that counters many of the negative effects of cortisol (Morgan et al., 2004). As a secondary purpose, threat and challenge appraisals (Mendes, Gray, Mendoza-Denton, Major, & Epel, 2007), stress mindset (Crum, Salovey, & Achor, 2013a), and affect (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were examined. Male college students (N = 59, Mage = 20.25) were screened for potential confounds and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 16), a mental skills training group (n = 27), or an achievement goal perspective theory-based (AGPT; Nicholls, 1984, 1989) educational lecture group (n = 16). The experimental manipulation (i.e., lecture/session) took place during the 15 min prior to exposure to the performance stressor. The mental skills training session that aimed to foster a stress-is-enhancing mindset and a more task-oriented approach toward achievement yielded more adaptive responses to stress including a significant spike in DHEA-sulfate (i.e., DHEA-S), a challenge appraisal of the performance stressor, and a stress-is-enhancing mindset, compared to the control and AGPT groups. The AGPT lecture prevented a rise in salivary cortisol (i.e., a potentially threatening stress hormone) in response to the performance stressor. These findings suggest individuals can better protect themselves against psychosocial threats in performance settings, for which they have little control over, through education and training.
Protein interactions of the inflammasome adapter ASC by solution NMR.

Abstract ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) is a modular protein that functions as an adapter of the inflammasome, a multi-protein complex that triggers the inflammatory response in the presence of infection or cell damage. ASC bridges the inflammasome components (PYD-containing sensors and procaspase 1) via homotypic interactions mediated by its two death domains, PYD and CARD. The self-assembly and oligomerization of multiple copies of these three proteins result in the activation of procaspase 1, in turn rendering different cytokines functional. An in-depth understanding of ASC binding capabilities is crucial to decipher the molecular mechanisms of its role in inflammasome formation. In this chapter, we discuss the use of solution NMR to identify specific interacting surfaces of the inflammasome adapter ASC, and describe detailed protocols to perform NMR titrations with Death Domains to obtain apparent dissociation constants of the resulting complexes. The incorporation of NMR restraints in molecular docking to obtain models of these protein assemblies is presented.
The bystander effect in cyberbullying on social network sites: Anonymity, group size, and intervention intentions

Abstract The bystander effect posits that people are less likely to help others who are in need as the number of bystanders increases. However, studies that have examined this phenomenon in the online context have often used arbitrary numbers of bystanders and a single measure of intervention. Drawing on the cognitive and strategic aspects of anonymity from SIDE, this study conducted a 2 (anonymity) × 4 (bystander number) factorial experiment that simulated an online cyberbullying scenario and examined bystanders’ intentions toward four different intervention behaviors that ranged from passive attention to active confrontation. The findings indicated that anonymity should be integrated as an essential feature in examining bystander effect in CMC. Also, the number of bystanders and online anonymity do not affect people’s intentions to intervene in a passive or non-confrontational manner. Instead, anonymity and the number of bystanders affected people’s intentions to engage in direct interventions, such as confronting the bullies. The relationship between the number of bystanders and people’s intentions to intervene was not a linear relationship. Initially, intentions to intervene increased with bystander numbers but dropped off after a critical point. By including varying levels of bystander numbers and varying degrees of intervention behaviors, this study suggested that bystander decisions depend on people’s combined consideration of anonymity, bystander numbers, and intervention behaviors.
Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of vested interest theory-based persuasive messages.

Abstract Vested interest theory (VIT) predicts that perceived importance and hedonic relevance of an expected behavioral outcome affects attitude-behavior consistency. Applied to college students’ nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS), the theory posits that persuasive information that weakens vested perceptions regarding assumed advantages of stimulant misuse will reduce usage intentions. The current study developed and experimentally assessed persuasive messages that targeted perceptions of vested interest (VI), and examined if message effectiveness varied as a function of users’ risk status. Appeals that focused on the physical harms of misuse served as the comparison condition. College student participants (N = 282) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions. To examine group differences, data were analyzed in a 2 (VIT-based message: yes, no) × 2 (Physical harms emphasized: yes, no) × 3 (User status: resolute, vulnerable, user) between-subjects factorial design. Analyses showed that messages focused on lowering VI by convincing students that NUPS did not enhance cognitive functioning of non-ADD/ADHD students reduced perceived vested interest (p