cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 2006 Henry N. Wagner Lecture: Of Mice and Men (and Positrons)—Advances in PET Imaging Technology

There have been major advances in PET technology that cumulatively have helped improve image quality, increased the range of applications for PET, and contributed to the more widespread use of PET. Examples of these technologic advances include whole-body imaging, 3-dimensional imaging, new scintillator materials, iterative reconstruction algorithms, combined PET/CT, and preclinical PET. New advances on the immediate horizon include the reintroduction of time-of-flight PET, which takes advantage of the favorable timing properties of newer scintillators; the integration of PET and MRI scanners into a dual-modality imaging system; and the possibility of further significant improvements in spatial resolution in preclinical PET systems. Sensitivity remains a limiting factor in many PET studies. Although, conceptually, huge gains in sensitivity are still possible, realizing these gains is thwarted largely by economic rather than scientific concerns. Predicting the future is fraught with difficulty; nonetheless, it is apparent that ample opportunities remain for new development and innovation in PET technology that will be driven by the demands of molecular medicine, notably sensitive and specific molecular diagnostic tools and the ability to quantitatively monitor therapeutic entities that include small molecules, peptides, antibodies, nanoparticles, DNA/RNA, and cells.
Direct Numerical Simulation of High Subsonic Jets

The stability of spatially developing high subsonic jets at low and high Reynolds number is investigated using direct numerical simulation of the unsteady full Navier-Stokes equations. High order accurate numerical scheme with minimum dispersion error is used for the simulation and a perfectly matching layer technique is applied for the treatment of the outflow boundaries. The sound radiated by the vortex pairing process is studied by introducing the inflow disturbances at the fundamental frequency and its first two subharmonics. The results are in general agreement with the observations.
Molecular basis for allosteric specificity regulation in class Ia ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli.

DNA contains the instructions required to make proteins and other molecules in cells. DNA is made of four building blocks called deoxyribonucleotides, which are in turn made from molecules called ribonucleotides by enzymes known as ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs for short). RNR enzymes are responsible for maintaining a good balance in the levels of the different deoxyribonucleotides in cells, which is essential for DNA to be made and repaired correctly. Previous work has shown that each RNR can act on all four ribonucleotides. However, these enzymes become more selective for certain ribonucleotides depending on which deoxyribonucleotide is most common within the cell. For example, when a deoxyribonucleotide called dGTP is plentiful, it binds to a so-called “specificity site” on the enzyme and alters the shape of the enzyme’s active site. This then means that a ribonucleotide called ADP will bind in preference to the other ribonucleotides. However, it was not clear how the binding of deoxyribonucleotides to the enzyme influences the shape of the active site. Zimanyi et al. used a technique called X-ray crystallography to determine the three-dimensional structures of a bacterial RNR enzyme when it is bound to all four different combinations of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides. In the absence of nucleotides, the active site adopts a shape that resembles an open barrel. However, when RNR is bound to a deoxyribonucleotide at the specificity site and a ribonucleotide at the active site, the barrel clamps down, bringing the specificity site and the active site closer together. Additionally, a loop of the protein interacts with each of the deoxyribonucleotides in a different way and communicates their identity directly to the active site, which rearranges itself to hold on to the corresponding preferred ribonucleotide. Zimanyi et al.’s findings provide an explanation for how RNRs can select between ribonucleotides so that they produce a good balance of deoxyribonucleotides in cells. This will inform future efforts to develop molecules that inhibit RNRs, which may have the potential to be used to treat bacterial infections or to kill cancer cells.
A Search for Magnetic Field Receptors in Animals

Bacteria, honey bees and homing pigeons, among other species, all contain the mineral magnetite. This paper describes our attempts to localize iron in tissues from honey bees and pigeons.
A Deficiency in Addressing Campus Sexual Assault: The Lack of Women Law Enforcement Officers

The federal government has taken a range of measures to combat the scourge of sexual assault afflicting college campuses across the nation. Whatever the efficacy of these policies, however, they fail to address a major obstacle to curbing sexual violence on campus: the chronically low rate of reporting of this crime to the police. Research has produced data showing that reporting of sexual assault against women increases as female representation among officers increases. Yet, most university campus law enforcement agencies include strikingly few female officers. This Article proposes an increase in women’s representation in campus police agencies to foster more reporting by victims, and argues that schools failing to demonstrate consistent, ongoing, and genuine efforts to hire female officers are contributing to a hostile environment for complainants in Title IX litigation.
Letter by Kuller and Neaton Regarding Article, "Association of Race With Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in a Large Cohort of US Veterans".

Kovesdy et al1 conclude that among veterans receiving health care through the US Veterans Health Administration, event rates among blacks compared with whites are lower or similar for all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease incidence, and stroke. Their Table 2 shows a slightly higher age-adjusted all-cause rate for black compared with white men, a higher incidence of coronary heart disease among white compared with black men, a much higher rate of stroke in black compared with white men, and similar rates of acute myocardial infarction. We previously reported that for the 300 647 white and 20 223 black men screened for the Multiple Risk …
The Fallacy of Adjusting Valuation for Growth and Inflation

It has become almost standard practice in Delaware appraisal proceedings for the courts to adjust discount rates downward by the projected rate of inflation and GDP growth so as to reflect the prospect of higher future returns because of these factors. Since the value of a business varies inversely with the discount rate, the result of applying lower discount rates is that appraisal plaintiffs enjoy larger awards. But these adjustments to discount rates determined under the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) are wholly erroneous. They reflect a basic misunderstanding of CAPM as well as the discounted cash flow (DCF) method of valuation.First, these adjustments ignore the fact that returns from both inflation and growth are already built into the market rate of return as determined under CAPM since that rate is derived from historical averages that include both inflation and growth. Thus, to subtract these components of the required rate of return from the discount rate is to negate the model itself.Second, to adjust the discount rate because of the prospect of growth reflects a misunderstanding of cash flow as a measure of return. Ordinarily, growth requires reinvestment of some portion of available cash. But cash flow is a measure of the potential for distributions to investors. If cash is used to grow the business, it cannot also be distributed to investors. Thus, it is wrong to adjust the discount rate for growth without also adjusting return (as measured by cash flow) for capital spending. If both such adjustments are made, the resulting valuation is unaffected (except where growth opportunities offer rates of return higher than the cost of capital).The result of these errors is to increase values found in appraisal proceedings, to raise deal prices, and to encourage litigation, all to the ultimate detriment of stockholder wealth. The simple solution is to require appraisal plaintiffs to demonstrate – by company-specific evidence – that the subject company has identified and can exploit investment opportunities that will yield returns in excess of its cost of capital – economic rents – for some determinable period of time. But it is never appropriate to adjust for growth or inflation in perpetuity as many courts have recently ruled.
Modernizing the NASA Space Network Ground Systems for Centralized Management and Control of Distributed Shared Resources

One of the most challenging problems facing designers and developers who are upgrading space network ground systems is ensuring that the system maintains support for existing customer spacecraft (also known as legacy spacecraft) while replacing obsolete components and subsystems on the ground. NASA’s SNGS supports spacecraft that are decades old, and the SNGS has evolved at pace with the needs of these user spacecraft. Applying modern network solutions to space network ground systems requires that specific attention be paid to two major design areas: first, where can commercial functions be easily leveraged (e.g., switch replacement); and second, where is more complex evaluation needed to provide equivalent performance at the system boundary as opposed to identical functionality within the bounds of the system. To address this challenge, the modernization of the SNGS includes flexible, dynamic resource control of ground segment components within a layered architecture. Such a design accommodates both legacy (older) and unique (not necessarily older) functionality without excluding modernization and future functionality. For the SNGS, it was determined that these needs were best addressed by creating zones of pooled resources that are controlled relatively generically at the highest – most central – level (e.g., system capacity analysis/scheduling), with increasing specificity and detail as control mechanisms get closer to assignable resources. The SNGS uses Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)-based architectural solutions and mechanisms to support legacy components without sacrificing future enhancement and expansion. It further uses standard protocols and formats – particularly SOA-based ones – such as eXtensible Markup Language (XML) to communicate SNGS control and management information among the various control and management levels.
Life adversity is associated with smoking relapse after a quit attempt

Multiple cross-sectional studies have linked adverse childhood events and adult adversities to current smoking, lifetime smoking, and former smoking. To date, however, there have been no direct observational studies assessing the influence of adversities on smoking relapse. We prospectively followed 123 participants, 86 of whom were habitual smokers, from pre-quit ad libitum smoking to four weeks post-quit. Thirty-seven non-smokers were also tested in parallel as a comparison group. Subjects provided biological samples for confirmation of abstinence status and self-report history of adversities such as abuse, neglect, family dysfunction, incarceration, and child-parent separation. They also completed mood and smoking withdrawal symptom measures. The results indicated that within non-smokers and smokers who relapsed within the first month of a quit attempt, but not abstainers, females had significantly higher adversity scores than males. Cigarette craving, which was independent from depressive affect, increased for low adversity participants, but not those with no adversity nor high adversity. These results demonstrate that sex and relapse status interact to predict adversity and that craving for nicotine may be an important additional mediator of relapse. These results add further support to the previous cross-sectional evidence of an adversity and smoking relationship. Further studies to clarify how adversity complicates smoking cessation and impacts smoking behaviors are warranted.
The Technology Analysis of Mobile Communication W-CDMA

This article introduces the representative of 3G-WCDMD by analyzing the difference between GSM and WCPMA in recoverage and capacity,NGN and kernel web.It stresses the load-breaking capacity in Mobile data of 3G and points out the limiting of 2.5G in loading-breaking capacity and service-performing .Finally,the article gives a brief summary of the future in mobile communication technology and proposes his opinion.
Assessing Community Participation: Comparing Self-Reported Participation Data with Organizational Attendance Records.

How well do self-reported levels of community and organizational participation align with recorded acts of community and organizational participation? This study explores this question among participants in social action community organizing initiatives by comparing responses on a community participation scale designed to retrospectively assess community participation (T1, n = 482; T2, n = 220) with individual participants' attendance records in various social action organizing activities over two 1-year periods. By testing the self-reported measure's overall and item-by-item association with documented participation in various types of organizing activities, we find that the self-report measure is positively, but weakly correlated with actual participation levels in community organizing activities. Moreover, associations between self-report and recorded acts of participation differ by types of activity. Examining this unique source of data raises important questions about how community participation is conceptualized and measured in our field. Implications are explored for theory and measurement of participation in community and organizational contexts.
Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the basilar artery

This study examined the hypothesis that activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels produces vasodilation and contributes to dilator responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine in vivo. Diameter of the basilar artery (baseline diam = 245 +/- 14 microns, means +/- SE) was measured through a cranial window in anesthetized rats. RP52891 (1 microM), a direct activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, increased the diameter of the basilar artery by 33 +/- 5%. Glibenclamide (1 microM), an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, did not alter baseline diameter but abolished responses of the basilar artery to RP52891. Topical application of acetylcholine (10 microM) for 3 min produced peak dilatation of 33 +/- 6% at 30 s and produced a sustained increase in diameter of 17 +/- 4%. Glibenclamide did not inhibit dilator responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine. Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 and 100 microM), which inhibits synthesis of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), produced concentration-dependent inhibition of dilatation of the basilar artery in response to acetylcholine. Thus ATP-sensitive potassium channels are functional but do not appear to influence basal tone of the basilar artery. Dilator responses of the basilar artery to acetylcholine are dependent on formation of EDRF but not dependent on activity of glibenclamide-sensitive potassium channels.
Advances in Air–Sea \hbox {CO}_2 Flux Measurement by Eddy Correlation

Eddy-correlation measurements of the oceanic $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ flux are useful for the development and validation of air–sea gas exchange models and for analysis of the marine carbon cycle. Results from more than a decade of published work and from two recent field programs illustrate the principal interferences from water vapour and motion, demonstrating experimental approaches for improving measurement precision and accuracy. Water vapour cross-sensitivity is the greatest source of error for $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ flux measurements using infrared gas analyzers, often leading to a ten-fold bias in the measured $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ flux. Much of this error is not related to optical contamination, as previously supposed. While various correction schemes have been demonstrated, the use of an air dryer and closed-path analyzer is the most effective way to eliminate this interference. This approach also obviates density corrections described by Webb et al. (Q J R Meteorol 106:85–100, 1980). Signal lag and frequency response are a concern with closed-path systems, but periodic gas pulses at the inlet tip provide for precise determination of lag time and frequency attenuation. Flux attenuation corrections are shown to be $$<$$ 5 % for a cavity ring-down analyzer (CRDS) and dryer with a 60-m inlet line. The estimated flux detection limit for the CRDS analyzer and dryer is a factor of ten better than for IRGAs sampling moist air. While ship-motion interference is apparent with all analyzers tested in this study, decorrelation or regression methods are effective in removing most of this bias from IRGA measurements and may also be applicable to the CRDS.
Leveraging Insights from Behavioral Economics Literature to Improve Education

Some attempts have already been made to leverage insights from behavioral economics to improve education. Suggestions are made for further expansions of these efforts and examples are provided of how some learning theories may be used to build new experiments to understand learning processes and how economists might build upon existing learning theories. Alternative views of learning and cognition are presented to inform new experiments and finally, a skeletal framework for a new research agenda is outlined.
Analysis of Scoring Rate in a Limited Over Cricket Match

In their work for resetting targets for rain-truncated limited over cricket matches, Duckworth and Lewis (1998} use a probabilistic model with remaining wickets per ball as the explanatory variable. Here we present a preliminary study of a reasonahly simple model for scoring rate in a limited over cricket match with the above and some added explanatories. The model is fit for only the first innings of the game and some minor modifications are suggested for the second innings.
Between-Population Differences in Multi-stressor Tolerance During Embryo Development in the American Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus

The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is found along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts in genetically isolated populations. Eggs are laid in shoreline beaches that expose developing embryos to combinations of environmental stressors. Whether populations of L. polyphemus differ in multi-stressor tolerance had never been tested. We assessed the multi-stressor tolerance of L. polyphemus embryos from a population in Delaware Bay (DE) and determined whether these differed from the multi-stressor tolerance of embryos from a more southerly Florida Gulf Coast (FGC) population. We monitored the field sediment temperatures and determined multi-stressor tolerance of DE embryos, then compared these to published data for FGC embryos. For multi-stressor tolerance, we assessed development success of embryos in 2-week exposures to 36 full-factorial combinations of temperature (20, 25, 30, 35 °C), salinity (5, 15, and 34 ppt), and ambient O2 (5, 13, and 21% O2), followed by 2 weeks in recovery conditions. Sediment temperatures in the DE site ranged from 9.5 to 46 °C, with extended periods exceeding 35 °C. Development success was similar between the DE and FGC populations in 14 of 26 multi-stressor combinations. The DE embryos were generally more successful in conditions that included high temperature or moderate hyposalinity, whereas the FGC embryos were generally more successful in conditions that included extreme hyposalinity. This suggests that although multi-stressor tolerances are generally similar between the two populations, specific differences exist that correlate more with differences in nest microenvironment than latitude.
Passive Leg-Raising and Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness: Systematic Review

Fluid boluses are often administered with the aim of improving tissue hypoperfusion in shock. However, only approximately 50% of patients respond to fluid administration with a clinically significant increase in stroke volume. Fluid overload can exacerbate pulmonary edema, precipitate respiratory failure, and prolong mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it is important to predict which hemodynamically unstable patients will increase their stroke volume in response to fluid administration, thereby avoiding deleterious effects. Passive leg-raising (lowering the head and upper torso from a 45° angle to lying supine [flat] while simultaneously raising the legs to a 45° angle) is a transient, reversible autotransfusion that simulates a fluid bolus and is performed to predict a response to fluid administration. The article reviews the accuracy, physiological effects, and factors affecting the response to passive-leg raising to predict fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients.
Modified Glasgow prognostic score in a North American population of metastatic lung cancer patients: Baseline characteristics from the SNAP trial.

e13072Background: There is a growing body of evidence that implicates inflammation as a mechanism of disease progression and reduced survival in patients with advanced cancer (Laird B et al. Oncolo...
A case of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in a patient with anaphylaxis treated with epinephrine

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a recently identified transient cardiomyopathy that is usually associated with emotional or physical stress. Catecholamine surge appears to be central to the mechanism of TTC. TTC in the setting of anaphylaxis is rare. We present a case of a 58-year-old female was referred from an outside hospital after being diagnosed with anaphylaxis. She received 0.3 mg epinephrine intramuscularly and 1 mg intravenously. Upon admission to our hospital, she was complaining of chest pain. EKG done in the outside hospital showed ST elevations in the anterior leads but the EKG done at our hospital was normal. She had to be intubated in view of impending airway obstruction. She was subsequently started on epinephrine infusion in the intensive care unit for hypotension. She was found to have elevated troponins that trended up. An echocardiogram performed on day 3 revealed a left ventricular ejection fraction of 25% and apical hypokinesis suggestive of TTC. Cardiac catheterization was initially deferred in view of a history of dye allergy. A nuclear stress test was done instead that revealed reversible ischemia in anteroseptal regions. Cardiac catheterization was performed eventually with pre-medication that showed a near-normal coronary circulation. A repeat echocardiogram performed 6 weeks after discharge showed normal systolic function.
Mortality after emergency Hartmann's procedure in octogenarians: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Abstract Background Complicated diverticulitis is associated with a postoperative mortality rate of 20%. We hypothesized that age ≥80 was an independent risk factor for mortality after Hartmann's procedure for diverticular disease when controlling for baseline comorbidities. Methods Patients who underwent an urgent or emergent Hartmann's procedure (Current Procedural Terminology codes 44143 and 44206) for diverticular disease (International Classification of Diseases-9:562.xx) were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project 2005-2013 user file. Using propensity score matching to control for baseline comorbidities, a group of patients ≥80 years old was matched to a group of those P value Results From a total of 2986 patients, 464 patients (15.5%) were ≥80 years old. Two groups of 284 patients in each study arm were matched using propensity-matching. The mean age of the ≥80 group and versus 63.77 ± 911.8; P 80 group versus P = 0.001). Factors associated with mortality included ascites (odds ratio [OR] 4.95, confidence interval [CI] 1.64-14.93, P = 0.005), previous cardiac surgery (OR 3.68, CI 1.46-9.26, P = 0.006), partially dependent or fully dependent functional status (OR 2.51, CI 1.12-5.56, P = 0.02), albumin P = 0.01), and American Society of Anesthesiologist class >3 (OR 2.10, CI 1.10-4.46, P = 0.05). Conclusions Octogenarians presenting with complicated diverticulitis requiring an emergent Hartmann's procedure have a higher mortality rate compared to those Study type This is a retrospective, descriptive study.
Appraisal of treatment of Hemophilus influenzaetype B meningitis with specific rabbit serum and sulfonamides

Summary Sixty cases of H. influenzae type B meningitis in infants and children treated with Alexander's type-specific rabbit serum and sulfonamides were analyzed. These cases were divided into two groups: Group I is comprised of all cases up to Oct. 1, 1944, and Group II from Oct. 1, 1944 to May 31, 1945. The following data were obtained: 1.Bacteriemia was present in thirty-nine of fifty cases (78 per cent). 2.The case fatality rate was 33 1/3 per cent for the entire series, 38.7 percent for Group I, and 18.7 per cent for Group II; for children under 2 years of age it amounted to 45.7 per cent. 3.Of the sixty patients, thirty-two had completely recovered at the timeof discharge from the hospital. There was no appreciable difference in the rate of complete recoveries between the two groups. 4.The following complications and sequelae were encountered: purulent arthritis, facial paralysis, partial and complete deafness, foot drop, and hydrocephalus associated with mental retardation. 5.The total amount of intravenously injected serum was not the sole factorresponsible for the outcome of the disease. Of particular significance is the fact that eight of twenty-six patients succumbed in spite of the administration of more than 200 mg. of antibody nitrogen, including three of seven patients who received more than 300 mg. 6.All four patients who received serum intrathecally, at a time whenmany microorganisms and a correspondingly large amount of specific soluble substance were present in the spinal fluid, succumbed to the infection. The possible deleterious effects of this therapy have been discussed. Intrathecal injection of serum in patients whose spinal fluid contained but a small number of microorganisms or none at all was followed, in several instances, by clinical improvement and sterilization of the spinal fluid. The possibility that this form of therapy may have been responsible, in part at least, for the development of hydrocephalus in two patients has been considered. 7.Immediate reactions to the type-specific serum injected intravenously were encountered in seven instances; delayed reactions, in eight. Intrathecal injection of serum resulted in convulsions in two patients and fever in one. 8.Two cases, presenting, respectively, the initial stage and the classicalpicture of the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome as seen on post-mortem examination, have been reported.
Economics of Habitat Fragmentation: A Review and Critique of the Literature

Understanding the signficance of habitat fragmentation for ecological function has been a focus in the natural sciences for decades. More recently, the field of economics has begun to assess the drivers and impact of habitat fragmentation, as well as potential policy and market-based mechanisms to address fragmentation. We present a review of the existing economics literature that addresses habitat pattern/fragmentation and we define themes, issues, and next steps for this literature. First, this paper reviews economic modeling and empirical approaches to identifying drivers and patterns of fragmentation. The next section summarizes the literature on analysis of optimal land use patterns and the tradeoffs of managing for ecological and economic objectives. The last literature section contains description of policy and mechanisms for addressing habitat fragmentation in the context of single and multiple landowners who do not manage land for habitat benefits explicitly. We conclude with a discussion of unanswered questions and next steps for research and data analysis on habitat fragmentation.
Appealing to the 52%: Exploring Clinton and Trump’s Appeals to Women Voters During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election

In elections, women are often discussed as a coveted voting bloc. The focus on women swelled during the 2016 U.S. presidential election, with many wondering whether a wave of women voters would usher in a woman president. Such questioning overlooks the role of partisanship and how gender and partisan identities collide for women voters in gender-salient elections. This study examines this intersection by content analyzing how Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump appealed to partisan women via their convention speeches and campaign tweets. Results revealed that Clinton and Trump emphasized appeals that would curry favor with their respective partisan bases, and Clinton outpaced Trump in her volume and variety of gender appeals.
Third Colorado Mathematical Olympiad: April 18, 1986

As you recall, Dean Tracey declined to host the First Olympiad, insisting on hosting the Second Olympiad. He probably had the idea of parity at heart, for on October 21, 1985, he called me in to say how little he cared about the Third Olympiad. I replied with the following October 22, 1985 letter to him: You mentioned yesterday that the Olympiad has been a low priority for the College of Engineering and Applied Science (EAS) and that is the reason why I visited you yesterday to ask for secretarial and fund raising assistance. I have a different opinion. The College of EAS was the sponsor of the Olympiad in 1985 because of your choice; and I visited you yesterday to find out whether you would like to sponsor it again in 1986 and treat it as a high enough priority for smooth operation of this large event.
ELECTRON AND NUCLEAR TUNNELING IN CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

The characteristics of electron tunneling and of nuclear tunneling are distinguished, and criteria for identifying each are considered. Examples are drawn from simple electron transfer systems, and the results together with those on nuclear rearrangements are used to analyze several reactions in photosynthetic systems. The relation of nuclear tunneling in certain systems to the energy gap law in radiationless transitions is described.
Stateless Multiparty Trust Negotiation Protocol for Distributed Systems

One of the most challenging problems in managing open distributed systems is specifying and enforcing security policies that regulate communications between peers and access to sensitive credentials. Existing academic research in Trust Management (TM) mainly focuses on establishing trust between two entities using the Automatic Trust Negotiation (ATN). However, real-word authorization processes, such as Service Level Agreement Negotiation (SLA), often involves more than two parties. Decomposition is insufficient to reduce an automated Multiparty Authorization into individual Automated Trust Negotiations, as individual negotiations may depend on one another; therefore, negotiation needs to be concurrent for the negotiation process to succeed. This paper proposes a distributed protocol that performs the trust establishment without a centralized moderator. Along with this protocol, a negotiation resolution algorithm known as Stateless Eager Multiparty Trust Negotiation strategy (SEMTN) is proposed in order to orchestrate the multiparty trust negotiation process. This paper shows that SEMTN is stateless, safe, and complete.
Longitudinal Data Analysis in the Organizational Sciences: Challenges and Opportunities

In this panel, experts will a) explain what longitudinal research is (and what it is not), b) illuminate some of the challenges (e.g., study design, analytical challenges, obtaining participants, c...
Learned Pigs and Literate Children: Becoming Human in Eighteenth-Century Literary Cultures

In the winter of 1785, after a successful summer tour of provincial cities, the Learned Pig made its London debut to great acclaim and sensation. Touted for its erudition and clever methods—‘he reads, writes, and casts accounts by means of typographical cards, in the same manner that a printer composes and by the same method’—the performing pig quickly became a fashionable attraction, moving to Sadler’s Wells in the summer as the main act. Evidence of the pig’s popularity comes from a variety of contemporary diaries, letters and press accounts; as the anonymous author of London Unmask’d declares, ‘it would be quite monstrous and ill-bred not to follow the ton, and go see the wonderful Learned Pig; it being the trite question in all polite circles, Pray, my Lord, my Lady, Sir John, Madam, or Miss, have you seen the Learned Pig?’
Preventing Anticompetitive Conduct Directly and Indirectly: Accuracy Versus Predictability:

This article argues that economic evaluations of optimal antitrust rules ought to fully recognize antitrust predictability as a relevant factor. It discusses the differences between the direct and ...
Travel and transplantation

As organ transplant recipients live longer and healthier lives after transplant, they increasingly partake in foreign travel, for leisure, adventure, work, or to visit friends or relatives. A review of cohorts of transplant recipients shows that they tend to have minimal or suboptimal preparation prior to travel, with limited pre-travel vaccination, medications, and education, and overall poses greatly increased risk of travel-related infections and complications. Enhancing the knowledge of the transplant recipients is likely to result in better safety and outcomes for these vulnerable patients. This chapter covers optimal vaccination prior to travel, use of travel-related medications with information on drug interactions, specific educational topics, and details regarding additional resources.
Folksong Collection Practices: The Development of an Anglo-Saxon America

Brooks Hayden Romedy explores the evolving role of racial thought in the folksong collection and revival movements in “Folksong Collection Practices and the Development of an Anglo-Saxon America.”
The Future of Authority Control: Issues and Trends in the Linked Data Environment

AbstractWithin the past few years, the calls for transforming library data into linked data have become more and more frequent. The purpose of this study is to discuss the future of authority contr...
Tensile Cryostat for the Temperature Range 4° to 300°K

Interest in tensile studies on solids at very low temperatures has increased in recent years for many reasons. Basic studies of this kind, in conjunction with other auxiliary methods of investigation, are extremely illuminating in the progress toward a complete theory of the flow and fracture of metals. At low temperatures, thermally activated processes can be controlled so that other, less energetic effects can be observed. Repeated, discontinuous yielding of metals, for example, has been reported at 4.2°K by Wessel [1], by Blewitt et al. [2], and by Hull and Rosenberg [3] in metals not previously suspected of having a yield point. Also, in order to study the full effect of irradiation on the mechanical properties of metals, tensile experiments must be carried out at low temperatures since some radiation effects anneal out at temperatures considerably below room temperature. Although work of this nature has not yet been reported in the literature. the low temperatures at which radiation damage anneals are well established (see, for example, Reference [4]).
Increasing connectivity of Great Lakes tributaries: Interspecific and intraspecific effects on resident brook trout and brown trout populations

The above article from the Ecology of Freshwater Fish, published online on 20 December 2019 in Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eff.12527), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief; the symposium editor, Phaedra Budy; and the author, Troy Zorn. The retraction has been made due to a mistake in the classification (accessible vs. landlocked) of one of the survey locations in Table 1, which affected the accuracy of other analyses in the article.
Practical application of AAPM Report 270 in display quality assurance: A report of Task Group 270

Published in January 2019, AAPM Report 270 provides an update to the recommendations of the AAPM's "TG18" report. Report 270 provides new definitions of display types, updated testing patterns, and revised performance standards for the modern, flat-panel displays used as part of medical image acquisition and review. The focus of the AAPM report is on consistent image quality and appearance, and how to establish a quality assurance program to achieve those two goals. This work highlights some of the key takeaways of AAPM Report 270 and makes comparisons with existing recommendations from other references. It also provides guidance for establishing a display quality assurance program for different-sized institutions. Finally, it describes future challenges for display quality assurance and what work remains.
Reprises: Seeing like an author: early Bakhtin for anthropologists

How would the anthropology of the 1990’s have been different if anthropologists understood what it meant to be a writing subject describing Others the way that Bakhtin did? These questions are undercurrents in this essay, as I summarize what early Bakhtin has to offer contemporary anthropology so that you, gentle reader, might make a more informed decision about whether it is worth tackling this exhaustingly dense prose yourself, since these are manuscripts less concerned with specific novels or utterances than with the nature of Being and the underlying relationality of the self.
Abstract 112: Short- and Long-term Survival of Patients Supported on Venoarterial and Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Introduction: Use of both venoarterial (VA) and veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has broadened to an expanded set of indications for supporting patients in shock, but out...
Trouble Genders: “LGBT” Collapse and Trans Fundamentality

This essay considers how deployments of the acronym “LGBT” often obscure and flatten the specificity of the terms the letters reference. Also of concern here is how the “T” might be the more fundamental letter, as reactions to “LGBT identity” are indexed in gender transgression, to which the “T” refers. I argue for holding the trouble of the acronym in the “T” and that the trans underlies how “LGBT,” as a marker of subjectivity or violence, becomes legible. To carry this out, the essay makes a parallel to how “LGBT” functions similarly to “people of color” as the terms obscure the fundamentality of the trans and the black, respectively; clarifies the distinction between queer and trans, and subsequently trans and transgender; and demonstrates how transphobic readings are integral to homophobic responses.
An Investigation of the Communicative Purposes of Road Signs: How Signs Do Things

This study explores the important communicative roles carried out by road signs both directly and indirectly. The qualitative analysis is based on a corpus of 150 road signs collected from signage on state and local highways and roadways in seven U.S. states. Road signs were identified as either full, grammatical sentences or as block language. They were further analyzed as speech acts and their performativity was briefly explored in three areas: agency, lexis, and emplacement. Road sign ambiguity in regard to punctuation and syntactic ambiguity was also identified. The findings pointed to several areas for future research including drivers’ behavioral reactions, road safety and wayfinding potential.
Pharmacy Practice in High-Volume Community Settings: Barriers and Ethical Responsibilities

Pharmaceutical care describes a philosophy and practice paradigm that calls upon pharmacists to work with other healthcare professionals and patients to achieve optimal health outcomes. Among the most accessible health professionals, pharmacists have responsibilities to individual patients and to public health, and this has been especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists in high-volume community settings provide a growing number of clinical services (i.e., immunizations and point-of-care testing), but according to job satisfaction and workplace survey data, demands related to filling prescriptions, insufficient staffing, and working conditions are often not optimal for these enhanced responsibilities and lead to job dissatisfaction. Professional codes of ethics require a high level of practice that is currently difficult to maintain due to a number of related barriers. In this paper, we summarize recent changes to the scope of practice of pharmacists, cite ethical responsibilities from the American Pharmacists Association Code of Ethics, review data and comments from workplace surveys, and make a call for change. Corporate managers, state boards of pharmacy, and professional organizations have a shared responsibility to work with community pharmacists in all settings to find solutions that ensure optimal and ethical patient care. Attention to these areas will enhance patient care and increase job satisfaction.
Complications of COVID 19 in a Patient with Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome

Birt Hogg Dube (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by pulmonary cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, skin hamartomas of the head/neck, and renal malignancies. We present a case of complications secondary to COVID 19 in a patient with BHD syndrome. A 55 year old male presented with fevers, chills and left sided pleuritic chest discomfort for 1 day. He was recently hospitalized for bacterial pneumonia and had COVID Pneumonia about 5 weeks ago. The patient was diagnosed with a lung bulla several months ago and is awaiting elective surgical resection. Vitals showed blood pressure 135/91 mmHg, temperature 36.5 Celsius, heart rate 74 and respiratory rate 18. Physical exam significant for decreased breath sounds of the left lower lobe. Labs showed white cell count 10.7 K/mcL, D-dimer 0.81 mcg/mL, lactic acid 0.7 mmol/L. SARS COV 2 PCR positive. Chest Xray showed left lower lobe multilobulated cavitary mass. CT Angiography Chest showed air-fluid level development within pre-existing large multiseptated bulla in the left lower lobe and dependently layering left pleural effusion (Figure 1). The patient was initiated on Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam on admission. Thoracentesis was unable to be done due to low amount of pleural fluid. Patient stabilized with antibiotic treatment and supportive care, with subsequent discharge on a 2 week course of Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Diagnosis of BHD involves one or more of the following: greater than 2 or more fibrofolliculomas or trichodiscomas, multiple bilateral pulmonary cysts in the basilar lung regions, bilateral multifocal renal carcinomas or oncocytic renal tumors, pathogenic FLCN gene variant or family history of the disease [4]. Initial presentation of these patients is often via spontaneous pneumothorax. 70%-80% of BHD patients develop numerous, bilateral pulmonary cysts with majority having normal pulmonary function or mild obstructive disease [3,4]. On imaging, these thin-walled, irregularly shaped cysts are seen in the medial basilar lung regions. This is in contrast to the apical region air blebs seen in those patients with pneumothorax due to COPD or primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Our patient is unique in that he had recently developed COVID 19 Pneumonia with a superimposed bacterial pneumonia. The patient's previously known bullae became infected with subsequent abscess formation. To our knowledge, this is the first known case of Birt Hogg Dube Syndrome complicated by pulmonary cyst infection and abscess formation.
A pharmacological approach assessing the role of mast cells in insulin infusion site inflammation

Background Extending the lifespan of subcutaneous insulin administration sets and infusion pumps requires overcoming unreliable insulin delivery induced by dermal reactions. All commercially available insulin formulations contain insulin phenolic preservatives (IPP), which stabilize the insulin molecule but result in unwanted cell and tissue toxicity. Mast cells, which are the first line of defense once the epithelium is breached, are particularly abundant beneath the skin surface. Thus, we hypothesize a sequence of events initiated by device insertion that activates skin mast cells (MC) that subsequently trigger neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage recruitment. The ensuing inflammatory response compromises effective insulin infusion therapy. Methods We employed a non-genetic, pharmacological approach to MC membrane stabilization using Cromolyn sodium (CS), which inhibits MC degranulation. These studies were conducted in our modified air pouch mouse model using non-diabetic and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. We evaluated the impact of systemic CS through intraperitoneal injections, as well as the impact of local CS through co-infusion, on infusion catheter insertion and IPP-induced inflammation. Results CS at a concentration of 50 mg/kg minimized inflammation triggered in response to insulin phenolic preservatives present in standard insulin formulations. The resultant degree of tissue inflammation was comparable to that observed with saline injections. Conclusion Targeting MC has the potential to extend the longevity of insulin infusion sets by mitigating the inflammatory response. Future studies should be directed at employing other MC models, such as newer Cre/loxP mouse strains, to confirm the sentinel role of MC in insulin infusion therapy.
Some Observations on Trajectories and Topography of Commissural Fibers

In recent years both clinicians and experimentalists have become increasingly interested in the functional significance of interhemispheric relations in brain function. In anatomical terms, this requires a consideration of those structures that interconnect the two cerebral hemispheres:the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, and hippocampal commissures. Perhaps the most basic questions to be posed regarding the anatomy of these structures relates to their composition. What fibers do they transmit? Do all cortical areas have interhemispheric connections? If not, which areas do and which do not?
A model calculation of radiation damping by the energy balance method

The method of calculating radiation damping effects by means of energy balance is applied to a simple model problem. The balance equation is derived from the conservation law for energy that is a consequence of the equations of motion for the system by integrating over a four-dimensional space-time region bounded in the wave zone by two future-directed null cones and in the near zone by twot=const surfaces. It is assumed that the sources are in slow motion and the fields are calculated by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. Our principle conclusion is that even though the damping isO(e3) wheree is an expansion parameter the fields need only be determined toO(1) to calculate the effects of damping by this method.
Electrochemical Performance and Stability of the Cathode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells I. Cross Validation of Polarization Measurements by Impedance Spectroscopy and Current-Potential Sweep

The aim of this paper is to address three issues in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): (i) cross-validation of the polarization of a single cell measured using both dc and ac approaches, (ii) the precise determination of the total area specific resistance (ASR), and (iii) understanding cathode polarization with (La 0.60 Sr 0.40 )(Co 0.20 Fe 0.80 )O 3 cathodes. The ASR of an SOFC is a dynamic property, meaning it changes with current density. The ASR measured using impedance spectroscopy (low frequency interception with the real Z'-axis of the ac impedance spectrum) matches that measured from a dc current-voltage (i-E) sweep (the tangent of a dc i-E curve). Due to the dynamic nature of ASR, we found that an impedance spectrum measured under open-circuit voltage or on a half-cell may not represent the cathode performance under real operating conditions, particularly at a high current density. In this work, the electrode polarization was governed by the cathode activation polarization; the anode contribution was negligible.