cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of contingent valuation method and random utility model estimates of the value of avoiding reductions in king mackerel bag limits

This paper estimates the value of king mackerel bag limit changes with both stated and revealed preference methods. The 1997 Marine Recreational Fishery Statistical Survey allows estimation of the value of avoiding bag limit reductions with the random utility model and the contingent valuation method. Using the contingent valuation method, the willingness to pay to avoid a one fish reduction in the bag limit is $2.45 per year. Using the random utility model, the willingness to pay to avoid a one fish reduction in the bag limit is $2.24 per trip and $7.71 for a two-month time period. Considering several methodological issues, the difference in willingness to pay between the stated and revealed preference methods is in the expected direction.
When lithium does not help: the use of anticonvulsants and calcium channel blockers in the treatment of bipolar disorder in the older person.

Summary Although anticonvulsant agents and calcium channel blockers do not have any clear advantages over lithium, they do offer patients who cannot (or will not) take lithium another treatment option. It is not yet clear from the literature who will respond best to which drug or combination of drugs. The nurse should be supportive to the patient and family, in what may be a drawn out process, to find the best treatment. Optimism is justified because a lack of response to one drug is not indicative of nonresponse to other drugs. It is important to actively treat bipolar disorder because each episode of mania increases the risk of progression of the illness, with increasingly severe episodes occurring closer together. Bipolar disorder has high social costs (legal, financial, and relationship problems) that make improvements in treatment important for the patient and society. Anticonvulsant agents and calcium channel blockers may also be useful in treating depression. The number of people whose depressive symptoms respond is far less (25% to 30%) than the number who respond to the anti-manic effects, but this is an option when antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy are not effective.
Genomic alterations in the endometrium may be a proximate cause for endometriosis

Abstract Objective : To test the hypothesis that endometriosis may originate from genomic alterations in the endometrium by genomic analysis of endometrial tissues in patients with endometriosis and compare them with those from normal controls. Methods : Endometrial tissue samples were taken from five women with endometriosis. For controls, we used endometrial tissue samples from four women who underwent elective abortions and one sample from placenta. Using array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we determined the normal range of variation in CGH signals using normal controls. CGH results were further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and loss of heterozygosity analysis. Results : We identified several regions of genomic alterations in all five patients. Some of these regions were the same regions identified previously in endometriotic lesions. For select markers, the genomic alterations were confirmed by real-time PCR and LOH analyses. Conclusions : There is evidence that the endometrium in women with endometriosis has genomic alterations. This is consistent with numerous reports that the endometrium of women with endometriosis differ from those of women without. Our finding suggests that genomic alterations in the endometrium may be a proximate cause for endometriosis.
Prevalence and incidence of cytoplasmic yellow bodies in thyroid neoplasms.

Abstract Context.—Cytoplasmic yellow bodies are a common and frequent histologic finding in hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland, a morphologically distinctive neoplasm, and are visible in fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the tumor. Objective.—To determine the prevalence and frequency of cytoplasmic yellow bodies in common thyroid tumors. Design.—Microscopic slides of random cases of papillary carcinoma (61 cases), follicular adenoma (27 cases), and Hurthle cell adenoma (12 cases) were searched for cytoplasmic yellow bodies. Setting and Patients.—Slides were from patients who had undergone surgery at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, and were obtained from the Mayo Clinic Tissue Registry. Main Outcome Measure.—Presence or absence of cytoplasmic yellow bodies. Results.—Cytoplasmic yellow bodies were found in papillary carcinoma (62%), follicular carcinoma (22%), and Hurthle cell adenoma (83%) but were very infrequent numerically in each tumor type. Conclusions.—Cytoplasmic yellow bodies may be p...
Adsorption of Trace Hydrophobic Compounds from Water on Surfactant-Coated Alumina

Abstract The adsorption of several hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) from water on alumina coated by sodium dodecylsulfate surfactant “hemimicelles” is discussed. This provides a convenient way of concentrating them on a metal oxide solid support such as alumina. Alumina can be subsequently regenerated with a minimum effort such as a change of pH of the aqueous solution. Adsorption studies showed that the partition constants of HOCs with hemimicelles of sodium dodecylsulfate on alumina is linearly related to their octanol-water partition constants. Surfactantcoated alumina was a better adsorption surface for HOCs than natural soils.
Predicting postoperative pulmonary complications. Is it a real problem

To identify predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications, a population of 278 patients, mainly hypertensive and diabetic patients undergoing elective general surgery was studied; 60% of the patients underwent abdominal surgery. Of the 278 patients, 6% had postoperative pulmonary complications: 3% had radiographic evidence of infiltrates or segmental atelectasis and 3% had clinical evidence of atelectasis. Among the two thirds of patients undergoing abdominal surgery, only patients with underlying asthma or chronic bronchitis were at increased risk. Generally, patients with better exercise tolerance by self-report, walking distance, or cardiovascular classification had lower rates. Pulmonary function tests did not help to delineate patients at higher risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Simple clinical information provided as much data about the patients' risk as pulmonary function tests. Many of these complications occurred in patients who sustained other types of postoperative morbidity, suggesting that predicting and preventing postoperative cardiac morbidity may be the best approach to reducing postoperative pulmonary morbidity. (Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:1209-1213)
Foetal adaptation at birth

Summary The immediate newborn period is a critical time for an individual as the transition is made from fetal to neonatal life. The separation of the neonate from the mother and the placenta requires many physiologic adjustments necessary for survival in a completely new environment. Among the processes necessary for a smooth transition to neonatal life are the initiation of continuous breathing and pulmonary gas exchange, alteration of the circulatory pattern, and regulatoin of temperature in a cold environment. All clinicians caring for newborns must understand the expected course of these adaptations and be able to recognise when the transition is not occurring appropriately. With the identification of difficulties occurring during transition the clinician may institute interventions in a timely manner.
The FMIT Accelerator Vacuum System

The Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) Facility accelerator is being designed to continuously accelerate 100-mA deuterons to 35 MeV. High vacuum pumping of the accelerator structure and beam lines will be done by ion pumps and titanium sublimation pumps. The design of the roughing system includes a Roots blower/mechanical pump package. For economy the size of the system has been designed to operate at 10-6 torr, where beam particle scattering on residual gases is negligible. For minimum maintenance in this "neutron factory," the FMIT vacuum system is designed from the point of view of simplicity and reliability.
Promoting Novelty in Vision: Inhibition of Return Modulates Perceptual-Level Processing

To facilitate visual search of complex scenes, information arising from recently attended locations is subject to a selective inhibition in processing known as inhibition of return (IOR). Although the mechanisms of IOR remain unresolved, both motor and perceptual influences have been proposed based on reaction time (RT) studies. Here we report the results of two reflexive cuing studies in which signal detection methodology was employed to directly examine the effects of IOR on perception. IOR was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the accuracy of target discriminations at recently attended locations. Further, these effects of IOR on response accuracy were independent of whether emphasis was placed on the speed of responding. These results provide the first direct evidence that IOR can affect the perceptual quality of visual processing.
Impaired classical eyeblink conditioning in cerebellar-lesioned and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant mice

Converging lines of evidence from rabbits, rats, and humans argue for the crucial involvement of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of the eyeblink/nictitating membrane response in mammals. For example, selective lesions (permanent or reversible) of the cerebellum block both acquisition and retention of eyeblink conditioning. Correspondingly, electrophysiological and brain-imaging studies indicate learning-related plasticity in the cerebellum. The involvement of the cerebellum in eyeblink conditioning is also supported by stimulation studies showing that direct stimulation of the two major afferents to the cerebellum (the mossy fibers emanating from the pontine nucleus and climbing fibers originating from the inferior olive) can substitute for the peripheral conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US), respectively, to yield normal behavioral learning. In the present study, we examined the relative contribution of the cerebellar cortex versus deep nuclei (specifically the interpositus nucleus) in eyeblink learning by using mutant mice deficient of Purkinje cells, the exclusive output neurons of the cerebellar cortex. We report that Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice exhibit a profound impairment in the acquisition of delay eyeblink conditioning in comparison with their wild-type littermates. Nevertheless, the pcd animals did acquire a subnormal level of conditioned eyeblink responses. In contrast, wild-type mice with lesions of the interpositus nucleus were completely unable to learn the conditioned eyeblink response. These results suggest that both cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei are important for normal eyeblink conditioning.
Isolated Testicular Relapse Five Years After Cessation of Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the age of 2 years 10 months. Chemotherapy was discontinued after 33 months of continuous remission of ALL. Isolated testicular relapse occurred 5 years after cessation of treatment. Isolated testicular infiltration if it occurs, usually does so within one year after discontinuing treatment. Late bone marrow or extramedullary relapse usually does not occur after four years post therapy. Testicular relapse in this patient occurred five years after completing chemotherapy.
Optimization of collimator trajectory in volumetric modulated arc therapy: development and evaluation for paraspinal SBRT.

Purpose To develop a collimator trajectory optimization paradigm for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and evaluate this technique in paraspinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Method and Materials We propose a novel VMAT paradigm, Coll-VMAT, which integrates collimator rotation with synchronized gantry rotation, multileaf collimator (MLC) motion, and dose-rate modulation. At each gantry angle a principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to calculate the primary cord orientation. The collimator angle is then aligned so that MLC travel is parallel to the PCA-derived direction. An in-house VMAT optimization follows the geometry-based collimator trajectory optimization to obtain the optimal MLC position and monitor units (MU) at each gantry angle. A treatment planning study of five paraspinal SBRT patients compared Coll-VMAT to standard VMAT (fixed collimator angle) and static field IMRT plans. Plan evaluation statistics included planning target volume (PTV) V95%, PTV-D95%, cord-D05%, and total beam-on time. Results Variation of collimator angle in Coll-VMAT plans ranges from 26° to 54°, with a median of 40°. Patient-averaged PTV V95% (94.6% Coll-VMAT vs. 92.1% VMAT and 93.3% IMRT) and D95% (22.5 Gy vs. 21.4 Gy and 22.0 Gy, respectively) are highest with Coll-VMAT, and cord D05% (9.8 Gy vs. 10.0 Gy and 11.7 Gy) is lowest. Total beam-on time with Coll-VMAT (5,164 MU) is comparable to standard VMAT (4,868 MU) and substantially lower than IMRT (13,283 MU). Conclusion Collimator trajectory optimization-based VMAT provides an additional degree of freedom that can improve target coverage and cord sparing of paraspinal SBRT plans compared with standard VMAT and IMRT approaches.
Applying game design principles to social skills learning for students in special education

Growing evidence suggests that games can be a highly effective and motivating framework for learning. Digital games are increasingly prevalent in today's classrooms, and game-based learning is emerging as a successful means of reaching students who often struggle to succeed through more traditional approaches. For example, students with autism face a unique set of challenges and goals in the context of classroom learning. Principles of well-designed games offer a powerful framework for designing new types of learning experiences for students with autism. Moreover, recent innovations in computing interfaces have also lead to new forms of socio-collaborative experiences with digital media. This article introduces our recent case study in applying game-based learning in Special Education. We will present the learning scenario goals and implementation, focusing on how this work successfully applied well-designed game principles to this context. We briefly describe our evaluation methodology and preliminary results.
THE APPLICATION OF PLASMAS TO THIN FILM DEPOSITION PROCESSES

The plasma environment can play an important role in the deposition of thin films. The plasma can alter the nature and chemistry of species in the plasma, provide ions for bombardment of surfaces and “activate” species for reactive deposition processes. Each of these effects can change the properties of the resulting film material. The changes may be desirable or undesirable and their control requires an understanding of the processes involved.
The efficacy of the addition of nifedipine in patients with mixed angina compared to patients with classic exertional angina: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Episodes of myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease may be due to transient increases in coronary vasomotor tone superimposed on a fixed atherosclerotic obstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether identification of the clinical pattern of angina could predict the therapeutic response to the addition of nifedipine to a regimen of beta blockers and/or long-acting nitrates. Seventy-two patients with stable exertional angina were divided into two groups: "classic exertional angina" (17 patients), defined as exertional angina with a stable threshold; and "mixed angina" (55 patients), defined as exertional angina provoked by a variable threshold and/or at least two episodes of rest angina within the 3 months prior to screening. Patients were studied with nifedipine and placebo in a 6-week, double-blind, crossover design that used serial anginal diaries, exercise treadmill tests, and 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. In patients with mixed angina, nifedipine reduced the frequency of angina compared to that during placebo treatment (13.1 vs 9.9 episodes/3 weeks, p less than 0.01) and reduced nitroglycerin consumption (11.7 vs 7.5 tablets/3 weeks, p less than 0.05); while in patients with classic exertional angina, nifedipine had no symptomatic effect (7.9 vs 6.8 anginal episodes/3 weeks, NS; 6.4 vs 5.8 nitroglycerin tablets/3 weeks, NS). Patients in both groups experienced a significant decrease in the manifestations of ischemia during exercise testing. Patients with mixed angina experienced a reduction in the daily frequency of painful episodes of ST segment depression during nifedipine treatment compared to placebo (0.6 vs 0.2 episodes, p less than 0.05), but there was no effect on the frequency of episodes of silent ischemia (4.2 vs 3.4 episodes, NS). In patients with classic exertional angina, the addition of nifedipine had no effect on any measure of ambulatory ischemia. We conclude that patients with mixed angina are more likely to benefit symptomatically from the addition of nifedipine therapy than patients with classic exertional angina. The lack of a consistently preferential response to nifedipine in patients with mixed angina, however, suggests that episodic coronary vasoconstriction may not be the only mechanism responsible for ischemia in these patients, and/or that nifedipine may not necessarily provide additional therapeutic benefit beyond that conferred by a regimen of beta blockers and/or nitrates.
The Guilt Inventory.

The Guilt Inventory contains subscales measuring trait guilt, state guilt, and moral standards. Previous research has suggested the reliability of these scales and the validity of their interpretations. The items, coding, and scoring procedure for the Guilt Inventory are presented here as well as additional evidence regarding the reliability and measurement characteristics of its subscales.
Peptide antigen priming of naive, but not memory, CD8 T cells requires a third signal that can be provided by IL-12.

Challenge with peptide Ag in the absence of adjuvant results in tolerance of CD8 T cells specific for the Ag. In contrast, administration of IL-12 along with peptide results in massive clonal expansion, development of effector function, and establishment of a long-lived memory population. Using adoptive transfer of TCR-transgenic CD8 T cells, this effect of IL-12 is shown to be independent of CD4 T cells and to require costimulation provided by CD28 and possibly LFA-1. IL-12 supports responses when IL-12Rβ1-deficient mice are used as recipients for the adoptively transferred CD8 T cells, demonstrating that the IL-12 is acting directly on the T cells rather than on host APC. These results provide strong support for a three-signal model for in vivo activation of naive CD8 T cells by peptide Ag, in which the presence or absence of the third signal determines whether tolerance or activation occurs. In contrast, memory CD8 T cells are effectively activated by peptide Ag in the absence of IL-12 or adjuvant.
Scalable Multifunction Dense Radar Network

This paper discusses an approach to evaluating network topologies of scalable, low power, solid-state phased array radars that improve the coverage of the lower troposphere (<3 km), which is absent in coverage available with current weather sensing networks.
Device resizing based optimization of analog circuits for reduced test cost: cost metric and case study

In this paper a cost metric has been proposed, which can drive device resizing during circuit design with the objective of efficient low-cost production test of analog circuits. A test cost reduction method using dynamic and selective elimination of specification tests for fault-free circuits has also been proposed. The test elimination method exploits correlations between analog specifications. Higher correlation allows one specification to be tested (without performing measurements) against its acceptability limits by analyzing measurement data corresponding to the other correlated specification. The proposed cost metric can be imported into any typical device-resizing algorithm used in analog synthesis tools, which try to optimize circuit performance and manufacturing yield. Simulation results using op-amps show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed cost metric.
Transcriptional Control of the Development and Function of Vα14i NKT Cells

The majority of T lymphocytes, sometimes referred to as as mainstream or conventional T cells, are characterized by a diverse T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire. They require antigen priming in order to become memory cells capable of mounting a rapid effector response. It has become established, however, that there are several distinct T cell lineages that exhibit a memory phenotype in the absence of antigen priming, even as they differentiate in the thymus. These lymphocytes typically express a markedly restricted TCR repertoire and their rapid response kinetics has led to their being described as innate-like T cells. In addition, several of these subsets typically express surface markers commonly found on natural killer cells, which has led to the moniker natural killer T cells (NKT cells). This review will describe our current understanding of the unique ways whereby transcription factors control the development and function of an abundant and widely studied lineage of NKT cells that recognizes glycolipid antigens.
Amphotericin B Induces Expression of Genes Encoding Chemokines and Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Human Monocytic Cell Line THP-1

Amphotericin B is known to elicit immunomodulatory effects on neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte function. It also has been shown to induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes and macrophages. Release of these cytokines has been associated with the infusion-related toxicity observed after administration of this drug. The present study demonstrates that amphotericin B increases mRNA for the chemokines interleukin (IL)‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1b, as well as the cell adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and CD44 in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. Amphotericin B increased the concentrations of IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1b in a dose-dependent fashion. Amphotericin B also induced expression of ICAM-1 but not CD44 in these cells. Production of these proteins in response to amphotericin B may play a role in the immunomodulatory activity and toxicity of this antifungal agent. Amphotericin B is an intravenously administered polyene antifungal antibiotic that acts against several fungal pathogens [1]. Unfortunately, amphotericin B is associated with a plethora of adverse drug reactions, including dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, with secondary anemia, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, as well as cardiac arrhythmias and pulmonary leukostasis. The drug also is associated with infusion-related toxicity, including fever, chills, hypotension, and nausea [1]. Despite its adverse effects, it remains the treatment of choice for most systemic fungal infections. Amphotericin B is believed to exert its antifungal activity by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane. This interaction appears to cause pores in the membrane, allowing leakage of potassium and other cellular components. Although amphotericin B has greater affinity for ergosterol, it does have some affinity for cholesterol in the mammalian cell membrane. The toxicity of this agent is thought to be due to this amphotericin B‐cholesterol interaction [2]. The immunomodulatory properties of amphotericin B have been studied to some extent. The drug causes release of inter
Numerical Computation of a Turbulent Lifted Flame Using Flamelet Generated Manifold With Different Progress Variable Definitions

Dimension reduction is a popular and attractive approach for modeling turbulent reacting flow incorporating finite rate chemistry effects. One of the earliest and most popular approaches in this category is the Laminar Flamelet Model (LFM), which represents the turbulent flame brush using statistical averaging of laminar flamelets whose structure is not affected by turbulence. The other common reduction approach is the intrinsic low dimensional manifold (ILDM). While, the LFM has limitations in predicting the non-equilibrium effects, the ILDM model suffers in the prediction of the low temperature kinetics. A combination of the two approaches where flamelet based manifold are generated called, Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) model considers that the scalar evolution in a turbulent flame can be approximated by the scalar evolution similar to that in a laminar flame. This model does not involve any assumption on flame structure. Therefore, it can be successfully used to model ignition, slow chemistry and quenching effects, which are far away from equilibrium. In the FGM, the manifold can be created using different flame configurations. For premixed flames, 1D unstrained flamelets are solved in reaction-progress space. In the case of diffusion flames, a counter flow configuration is used to generate a series of steady flamelets with increasing scalar dissipation and also an unsteady laminar flamelet is generated to create the diffusion FGM manifold. In the present work, a diffusion flamelet based FGM model is compared with the FGM model using premixed unstrained flamelet configurations. The performance and predictive capabilities of the two approaches are compared for a turbulent lifted methane flame in a diluted hot co-flow environment, where the reacting flow associated with the central jet exhibits similar chemical kinetics, heat transfer and molecular transport as recirculation burners without the complex recirculating fluid structures. It is observed that though the diffusion flamelet based FGM predicts a lifted flame, but the lift off height is lower compared to the premixed configuration. A parametric study with different normalization for the progress variable is done to study its impact on the flame characteristics and the manifold created. Finally, the computations are performed for different definitions of the progress variable from previously published works. It is seen that the results are sensitive to the various progress variable definitions, particularly when the number of species are higher and involve different time scales.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Recombination of allyl radicals in the high temperature fall-off regime.

The recombination of allyl radicals (C3H5), generated from the dissociation of 1,5-hexadiene or allyl iodide dilute in krypton, has been investigated in a diaphragmless shock tube using laser schlieren densitometry, LS, (900–1700 K, 10 ± 1, 29 ± 3, 57 ± 3, and 120 ± 4 Torr). The LS density gradient profiles were simulated and excellent agreement was found between simulations and experimental profiles. Rate coefficients for C3H5I → C3H5 + I and C3H5 + C3H5 → C6H10 were obtained and showed strong fall-off. Second order rate coefficients for allyl radical recombination were determined as k1a,124Torr = (2.6 ± 0.8) × 1055T –12.995 exp(−8426/T), k1a,57Torr = (1.7 ± 0.5) × 1060T –14.49 exp(−9344/T), and k1a,30Torr = (7.5 ± 2.3) × 1066T –15.935 exp(−10192/T) cm3 mol–1s–1. The contribution of a disproportionation channel in allyl radical reactions was assessed, and the best agreement was obtained with no more than 5% disproportionation. Notably, because both the forward and back reactions of C6H10 ⇌ C3H5 + C3H5 we...
Evidence of the Accessibility Hierarchy in Relative Clauses in Chinese as a Second Language

Relative clause (RC) structures are productive and complex in Chinese. While second language acquisition studies of RCs in English has a long tradition, it is only in recent years that the Chinese as a second/foreign language researchers started to pay close attention to the comparative difficulties of different types of Chinese RCs for learners. A well-known markedness generalization regarding the RC structure is the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy (AH), and its implications in second language acquisition have been well-attested in English and other postnominal RCs. This research tests if Chinese as a foreign language learners' production ease of different RC types adheres to the order of the AH, and if such markedness is reflected in RC-forming strategies in learners' interlanguage. Learners in a written sentence combination task produced more target-like subject and direct object RCs than indirect object and object of preposition RCs. Further evidence for a subject RC preference was found in error analysis. Meanwhile, learners used gap and pronoun strategies within the AH constraint, indicating that their interlanguage grammar is comparable to that of natural languages. We conclude that the implicational generalization of the AH holds true in second language (L2) Chinese.
Redescription of Symphurus diabolicus, a poorly-known, deep-sea tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) from the Galápagos Archipelago.

Symphurus diabolicus, previously known only from the holotype collected in 501 m west of Isla San Cristobal (Chatham Island), Galapagos Archipelago, is re-described based on the holotype (112.6 mm SL) and 19 additional specimens (61.1-123.5 mm SL) recently collected from deep waters around the Galapagos Archipelago. Symphurus diabolicus is characterized by: an elongate body; narrow head with pointed snout; 1-3-2 ID pattern; 106-110 dorsal-fin rays; 89-96 anal-fin rays; 12 caudal-fin rays; 57-59 total vertebrae; 5 hypurals; extremely small scales; no pupillary operculum; large, prominent eyes, with migrated eye near dorsal margin of head; relatively short postorbital head length; relatively long snout and predorsal lengths; black peritoneum visible through abdominal wall on both sides of body; uniform olive green to dark brown ocular-side coloration with series of prominent, darker brown, elliptical to rectangular, blotches (not usually forming crossbands) along body at bases of dorsal and anal fins; and uniformly whitish or light yellow blind side. Symphurus diabolicus appears to be endemic to the Galapagos Archipelago, and is relatively common (captured at 16 different localities) at depths of 308 to 757 m (observed as shallow as 245 m) in this region. Examination of this expanded series of specimens confirms the validity of S. diabolicus and provides characters to distinguish it from S. microlepis Garman, a similar species known only from the holotype taken at approximately 530 m off Pacific Panama.
Cancer-associated isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations induce mitochondrial DNA instability.

A major advance in understanding the progression and prognostic outcome of certain cancers, such as low-grade gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, and chondrosarcomas, has been the identification of early-occurring mutations in the NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase genes IDH1 and IDH2 These mutations result in the production of the onco-metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), thought to contribute to disease progression. To better understand the mechanisms of 2HG pathophysiology, we introduced the analogous glioma-associated mutations into the NADP+ isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDP1, IDP2, IDP3) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Intriguingly, expression of the mitochondrial IDP1R148H mutant allele results in high levels of 2HG production as well as extensive mtDNA loss and respiration defects. We find no evidence for a reactive oxygen-mediated mechanism mediating this mtDNA loss. Instead, we show that 2HG production perturbs the iron sensing mechanisms as indicated by upregulation of the Aft1-controlled iron regulon and a concomitant increase in iron levels. Accordingly, iron chelation, or overexpression of a truncated AFT1 allele that dampens transcription of the iron regulon, suppresses the loss of respirative capacity. Additional suppressing factors include overexpression of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene ALD5 or disruption of the retrograde response transcription factor RTG1 Furthermore, elevated α-ketoglutarate levels also suppress 2HG-mediated respiration loss; consistent with a mechanism by which 2HG contributes to mtDNA loss by acting as a toxic α-ketoglutarate analog. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to 2HG oncogenicity in glioma and acute myeloid leukaemia progression, with the promise for innovative diagnostic and prognostic strategies and novel therapeutic modalities.
Magnetic Refrigeration: A Large Cooling Power Cryogenic Refrigeration Technology

While magnetic refrigeration has long been used for refrigeration below 1 K in research laboratories, use of the technology for refrigeration above 1 K is relatively recent. In 1966, van Guens1 provided the first discussion of magnetic refrigeration above 1 K. Beginning in 1976, with publications by Brown2,3 on the use of ferromagnetic materials near their Curie points as refrigerants, magnetic refrigeration from 1 K to near 300 K has been the focus of activity in several laboratories throughout the world. Recent reviews provide an excellent discussion of progress from these efforts.4,5,6
Phenomenological Research: Inquiry to Understand the Meanings of People's Experiences

The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to phenomenological inquiry, an inductive qualitative research approach that is rooted in the philosophical proposition that researchers can gain valuable insight into the structure of how people understand their experiences. It is assumed that there is a structure or essence to the meaning people make of their experiences that can be described and that human experiences are spiritual, physical, emotional, psychological, temporal, spatial, etc. Perceptive descriptions of these experiences can inform more humane workplace policy and helpful new theories. To develop such descriptions, researchers must challenge their own and a priori theoretical understandings of the experience. The article presents information about lifeworld, epoche, and essence; major tenets of the approach. Various ways of understanding and conducting phenomenological inquiry are also presented, including examples of how proponents of various viewpoints discuss methodological concerns. Further, the article provides guidelines for conducting phenomenological research, illustrated with examples of online accessible phenomenological studies in a variety of fields that were conducted from different viewpoints. The article stresses the importance of researchers being knowledgeable about the various viewpoints in order to be articulate about their own phenomenological methods decisions.
Developing monitoring plans to detect spills related to natural gas production

Surface water is at risk from Marcellus Shale operations because of chemical storage on drill pads during hydraulic fracturing operations, and the return of water high in total dissolved solids (up to 345 g/L) from shale gas production. This research evaluated how two commercial, off-the-shelf water quality sensors responded to simulated surface water pollution events associated with Marcellus Shale development. First, peak concentrations of contaminants from typical spill events in monitored watersheds were estimated using regression techniques. Laboratory measurements were then conducted to determine how standard in-stream instrumentation that monitor conductivity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen responded to three potential spill materials: ethylene glycol (corrosion inhibitor), drilling mud, and produced water. Solutions ranging from 0 to 50 ppm of each spill material were assessed. Over this range, the specific conductivity increased on average by 19.9, 27.9, and 70 μS/cm for drilling mud, ethylene glycol, and produced water, respectively. On average, minor changes in pH (0.5–0.8) and dissolved oxygen (0.13–0.23 ppm) were observed. While continuous monitoring may be part of the strategy for detecting spills to surface water, these minor impacts to water quality highlight the difficulty in detecting spill events. When practical, sensors should be placed at the mouths of small watersheds where drilling activities or spill risks are present, as contaminant travel distance strongly affects concentrations in surface water systems.
Characterization of Radical S-adenosylmethionine Enzymes and Intermediates in their Reactions by Continuous Wave and Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopies

Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes comprise an important and a versatile superfamily of enzymes. For more than a decade, a significant effort has been directed towards understanding these enzymes. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has played a crucial role in such studies, helping to decipher intricate details about the identity of the active metallocofactors, their relations to the substrate(s) utilized and an understanding of the mechanisms of the enzymatic reactions. In this chapter we overview research milestones in the field of radical SAM enzymes achieved with the aid of EPR spectroscopy.
Is the supply of continuing education in the anatomical sciences keeping up with the demand? Results of a national survey

Continuing education (CE) is an essential element in the life-long learning of health care providers and educators. Despite the importance of the anatomical sciences in the training and practice of clinicians, no studies have examined the need/state of anatomy-related CE nationally. This study assessed the current landscape of CE in the anatomical sciences to contextualize preferences for CE, identify factors that influence the perceived need for CE, and examine the association between supply and demand. Surveys were distributed to educators in the anatomical sciences, practicing physical therapists (PTs), and anatomy training programs across the United States. Twenty-five percent (9 of 36) of training programs surveyed offered CE, certificates, or summer series programs related to anatomy. The majority of PTs (92%) and anatomy educators (81%) felt they had a potential or actual need for anatomy related CE with the most popular formats being online videos/learning modules and intensive, hands-on workshops. The most commonly perceived barriers to participating in CE for both groups were program location, cost, and duration, while educators also perceived time of year as a significant factor. Logistic regression analyses revealed that no investigated factor influenced the need or desire for PTs to engage in anatomy related CE (P ≤ 0.124), while teaching experience and the highest level of learner taught significantly influenced the perceived need among anatomy educators (P < 0.001). Overall, quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed a robust need for CE that strategically integrates anatomy with areas of clinical practice and education. Anat Sci Educ 11: 225-235. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Spirituality, Religion, and Aging: Illuminations for Therapeutic Aging

The Lufthansa flight attendant, on my flight from Riga, Latvia to Frankfort, Germany, noticed that I was reading Holly Nelson-Becker’s book and exclaimed, “I read it. It is an excellent book.” And ...
Theoretical Model and Numerical Simulation of Adsorption and Deformation in Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted considerable attention as new nanoporous materials with applications to separation of fluid mixtures, catalysis, gas capture and storage, and drug delivery. A subclass of MOFs, the MIL-53 (with Al or Cr) family, exhibits a complex structural phase transition, often referred to as the breathing transition, which occurs when gas molecules are adsorbed in its pore space. In this phenomenon, the material morphology oscillates between two distinct phases, usually referred to as the narrow-pore (np) and large-pore (lp) phases. We describe a statistical mechanical model based on the energetics of the system that couples the adsorbates with the host and the ensuing structural deformation of the materials. The Hamiltonian of the system consists of the elastic energy of the MOF, the fluid phase energy, and the interaction energy between the gas and MOFs. Minimizing the total energy with respect to both the gas density and the displacement field in the material...
Evaluación de los cambios de la producción debido al efecto de la temperatura en los parámetros geomecánicos de un yacimiento durante el proceso de combustión in situ en un campo de Ecopetrol S.A.

Las rocas se encuentran expuestas a cambios en su forma y estructura debido a alteraciones de presion, temperatura y esfuerzos en el medio que se encuentran. Las propiedades geomecanicas de la roca son afectadas directamente por este tipo de alteraciones y, en la mayoria de los casos, no se tienen en cuenta para predecir el comportamiento de la produccion de un yacimiento. El presente trabajo busca analizar el efecto que tiene la alta temperatura que experimenta un yacimiento durante el proceso de combustion in situ sobre las propiedades geomecanicas de la roca, y asi predecir el comportamiento de la produccion de petroleo para el yacimiento de estudio. Este analisis se realiza en el simulador termico STARS, que permite modelar procesos termicos y, a su vez, acoplar las propiedades geomecanicas de la roca.
Spontaneous Emission Within A Photonic Atom: Radiative Decay Rates and Spectroscopy of Levitated Microspheres

Several years ago I proposed as a graduate project that a student investigate intermolecular energy transfer within an isolated aerosol particle ∼10 μm in radius. I was interested in how a photo-excited molecule disperses its energy among other molecules when the container’s size is just a few wavelengths of light. Intermolecular energy transfer is an important intermediary in photo-chemistry. In the photosynthetic system a nearest neighbor (< 0.5 nm) resonance mechanism enables energy absorbed from the Sun by a chlorophyll molecule to hop to neighboring chlorophyll molecules as it searches for a reaction center. Since there are typically a couple of hundred light harvesting molecules for each reaction center, without energy transfer in a leaf, we would likely starve. I wondered whether the size of the container could make a difference. To most, it must have seemed a crazy idea, which would yield nothing new. After all, the range of the longest substantial energy transfer, as discovered by the Nobelist Jean Petrin and described Quantum Mechanically by Theodore Forster, is only ∼ 5 nm, and our vessel would be 2,000x this size. However, spectral evidence within fluorescence taken from hydrosol polymer micro-particles at Richard Chang’s lab (Yale) pointed to possible coupling between an excited molecule and a micro-particle. I felt that such an interaction could modify chemical physics within the micro-structure. Little did I know that the results obtained by us and others in the aerosol photo-physics community would distinguish the lowly aerosol particle as a high-tech item, a Photonic Atom, with a wide range of applications. Optical filters with unprecedented spectral purity, ultra-low threshold microlasers and micro-scale chemical sensors are pouring out of research labs. I also never imagined that the research would become an interdisciplinary collage spanning areas from Chemical Physics and Photonics to Quantum Electrodynamics.
Validation of microarray image analysis accuracy

Microarray Management With the widespread use of microarray technology for gene expression studies, many microarray facilities have developed high-throughput systems for data management. Data quali...
Departure of soft rock mass from undrained response in drilled shaft and plate load tests

Abstract The average degree of consolidation of soft rock mass in the immediate vicinity of the base of drilled shaft or plate load tests was evaluated using the Biot Three-Dimensional Consolidation Theory. The compressibility parameters of soft rock mass were estimated using the contact pressure and displacement relationships obtained from the in situ drilled shaft and plate load tests. It was found that typical drilled shaft and plate load tests on soft rocks are drained to partially drained, with the average degree of consolidation dependent on the rock type and weathering condition, foundation diameter, and the loading stage. It was also determined that drained behavior is observed under service conditions due to the low compressibility of soft rocks in the early stages of loading.
Too Late and Not Enough: School Year Sleep Duration, Timing, and Circadian Misalignment Are Associated with Reduced Insulin Sensitivity in Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity.

Objectives To examine the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and sleep/circadian health in overweight/obese adolescents. We hypothesized that insufficient and delayed sleep would be associated with IR in this population. Study design Thirty-one adolescents (mean age, 16.0 ± 1.4 years; 77% female) with body mass index ≥90th percentile for age/sex were recruited from outpatient clinics at a children's hospital. Participants underwent 1 week of objective home sleep monitoring with wrist actigraphy during the academic year. A 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, followed by in-laboratory salivary dim-light melatonin sampling every 30-60 minutes from 5 p.m. to noon the next day. Regression analyses between sleep and circadian variables with IR were examined. Results Longer sleep time and time in bed on weekends and weekdays and earlier weekday bedtime were significantly associated with better insulin sensitivity. Participants who obtained less than the median duration of sleep per night (6.6 hours) had evidence of IR with compensatory insulin secretion compared with those obtaining ≥6.6 hours of sleep. A wider phase angle between bedtime and melatonin onset, indicating a later circadian timing of sleep onset, was significantly associated with IR. Conclusions Short sleep duration, later weekday bedtime, and later circadian timing of sleep were associated with IR in a cohort of adolescents with overweight/obesity during the school year. Further research is needed to better understand the physiology underlying these observations and to evaluate the impact of improved sleep and circadian health on metabolic health in this at-risk population.
Common Errors of XBRL Implementation

This article describes the significant errors that have been most common in XBRL implementation, and it identifies the resources and strategies that CPAs can use to eliminate errors in XBRL submissions.
Insulin Dependence Predicts Risk of Complications Following Shoulder and Knee Arthroscopy

Objectives:Diabetes mellitus is a growing health concern in the U.S. affecting an estimated 23.1 million citizens. While diabetes is a risk factor for complications following total joint arthroplas...
Integrating Entropy Problem and GIS for Studying Landscape Ecology: The Simulation Case of Boundary Determination to Conserve Forest Landscape Ecology in Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam

Information entropy has been widely applied to assess and analyze landscape ecology. Results from previous studies were the indicators only, not able to describe the spatial distribution of the landscape. In this article, the application results of information entropy in the assessment of ecological landscapes in Sa Pa district, one of the highest mountainous area in Vietnam, based on GIS (Geographical Information System) were simulated. GIS technology was used to store information of layers on landscape structure, indicator analysis, and a map-layer assessment. Results of information entropy were simulated by the map evaluation. Results from this work showed the landscape diversity in Sa Pa zone. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index was over 1.5. The connectivity level of natural forests increased 234.21ha; simulation results by GIS were identified two suitable groups of landscapes to protect and develop forest ecology.