cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of Innovation to Implementation Program (VI2P): A strategic approach to aligning and leveraging academic research and clinical care missions.

Problem Inefficient implementation of evidence-based care garners increasing attention as a source of suboptimal value of clinical care, and integration of quality improvement methodology into clinical practice represents a potential solution. Academic medical centers (AMCs) often have expertise in implementation science, yet it is not leveraged effectively to solve operational inefficiencies or to rapidly implement evidence-based practices (EBPs). Approach To leverage in-house research expertise, the University of Kentucky (UK) College of Medicine and Center for Health Services Research (CHSR) launched a pilot awards program-Value of Innovation to Implementation Program (VI2P)-across its health system and six health professional colleges. Criteria for awards included a transdisciplinary research team and addressing health disparity issues faced by Kentucky. Outcome measures included EBP adoption and implementation and future funding. Outcomes The VI2P produced 26 transdisciplinary teams that submitted letters of intent. Ten teams were invited to submit full proposal, and four projects were selected for award, spanning the entire continuum of health-impact research. Three nonawarded projects were implemented and prompted system redesign for an "implementation research living laboratory." A Workgroup for ImplementatioN Science (WINS) was established to forge transdisciplinary teams to pursue federal grant funding yielding proposals totaling $17.17 million submitted, $4.38 million awarded, and $5.97 million under review. Junior faculty were encouraged to pursue implementation science as a research focus. Next steps UK WINS will continue serve as the hub for dissemination and implementation researchers at UK. On the basis of the enthusiasm expressed by multiple groups and many inquiries about the future training opportunities at UK, we plan to develop a tailored dissemination and implementation (D&I) training program to build research and practice capacity at UK.
Impacts of point-source Net Alkaline Mine Drainage (NAMD) on stream macroinvertebrate communities.

Abstract Over 4000 km of Pennsylvania's flowing waters and attendant ecosystems have been degraded by mine drainage to the exclusion of multiple designated uses. Both Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and Net Alkaline Mine Drainage (NAMD) may result from coal extraction depending on the underlying geology. Acid Mine Drainage is characterized as an acidic mixture of toxic heavy metals in solution, while NAMD is circumneutral in pH with metals forming oxidized precipitates. The ecological impacts of AMD have been well documented but NAMD-impacted streams have received considerably less attention. We selected 10 low-order tributaries of the Ohio and Youghiogheny rivers in southwestern Pennsylvania impacted by point-source inputs of NAMD for assessment of water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Levels of pH, total iron (Fe), and sulfate (SO4) were significantly elevated in the impacted stream reaches when compared with upstream reference sites while total alkalinity and specific conductance were equivalent. Macroinvertebrate abundance declined by 92% in the impacted stream reaches, but community structure in terms of taxonomic composition and species richness was similar. Total iron, total sulfate, and specific conductance were significantly linked to macroinvertebrate community impairment. The presence of resident macroinvertebrate communities in the unimpacted reaches suggests that remediation would result in a rapid recolonization and establishment of viable downstream ecosystems.
Machine learning and blood pressure

Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) based on pattern recognition. There are different forms of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms that are being used to identify and predict blood pressure (BP) and other measures of cardiovascular risk. Since 1999, starting with neural network methods, ML has been used to gauge the relationship between BP and pulse wave forms. Since then, the scope of the research has expanded to using different cardiometabolic risk factors like BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio in concert with BP and its various pharmaceutical agents to estimate biochemical measures (like HDL cholesterol, LDL and total cholesterol, fibrinogen, and uric acid) as well as effectiveness of anti-hypertensive regimens. Data from large clinical trials like the SPRINT are being re-analyzed by ML methods to unearth new findings and identify unique relationships between predictors and outcomes. In summary, AI and ML methods are gaining immense attention in the management of chronic disease. Elevated BP is a very important early metric for the risk of development of cardiovascular and renal injury; therefore, advances in AI and ML will aid in early disease prediction and intervention.
Photoacoustic image-guided interventions.

Photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated its potential for diagnosis over the last few decades. In recent years, its unique imaging capabilities, such as detecting structural, functional and molecula...
Gannon University Hackathon: A Combination of Virtual and Onsite Education Event to Recruit High-School Students within Cybersecurity Major

Hackathon is a popular event designated to boarder participation and perceptions in computing. With the fast growth of Cyber Security major at Gannon University, an innovative Hackathon event targeting high-school students was designed and deployed through both virtual and on-site forms. The virtual hackathon was developed based on OWASP Juice Shop, which was an open-source insecure web application. Students were expected to deploy and "hack" their own website. Scores were evaluated based on the difficulty of hacking tasks. The virtual event provided the maximal broadcasting of Gannon’s Cyber Security. Either global or domestic high-school students got an opportunity to experience the challenges in Cyber Security. The on-site hackathon was a one-day event, with both lecturing and testing. Special topics in Cyber Security were delivered in depth. Students and parents had a chance to "meet the professor". Gannon University is hosting the Cyber Security Hackathon in the second year. The University administrators were impressed with the expansion of marketing impact and increment enrollments.
Examining the effects of different English speech varieties on an L2 academic listening comprehension test at the item level

In this study we investigated the potential for a shared-first-language (shared-L1) effect on second language (L2) listening test scores using differential item functioning (DIF) analyses. We did t...
Herbal/Plant Remedies and Supplements Used by Hispanics/Latinxs for Diabetes: Source of Functional Foods?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the use of herbal/plant remedies and supplements for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among Hispanics/Latinxs in North Carolina and identify demographic and di...
Using Bottom-Up Lithography and Optical Nonlocality to Create Short-Wave Infrared Plasmonic Resonances in Graphene

Graphene plasmonic resonators have been broadly studied in the terahertz and mid-infrared ranges because of their electrical tunability and large confinement factors, which can enable the dramatic ...
A Qualitative Study of COVID-19 Distress in University Students

The psychological effect of the pandemic and measures taken in response to control viral spread are not yet well understood in university students; in-depth qualitative analysis can provide nuanced...
Socrates, Galileo, and Marx as Critical Thinkers

One approach to teaching critical thinking and theorizing about it is to study great exemplars like Socrates, Galileo, and Marx, and to undertake a critical comparison and contrast of them. In this essay, I discuss this approach by reporting on a university course I have taught for more than 30 years and by formulating some conclusions and problems suggested by this kind of material. In the process, the critical-thinking practice of these three exemplars will be related to several theories of critical thinking that have been widely discussed by scholars.
Tale of two nephropathies; co-occurring Alport syndrome and IgA nephropathy, a case report

Background Alport Syndrome and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) are both disorders that can cause hematuria. Alport syndrome is most commonly an X-linked disease, caused by COL4A5 mutation. Mutations of COL4A3 and COL4A4 on chromosome two are also common causes of Alport syndrome. IgAN is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. Though IgAN is usually sporadic, an estimated 15% of cases have an inheritable component. These cases of Familal IgA Nephropathy (FIgAN) can have mutations on genes which are known to cause Alport Syndrome. Case presentation We report a case of a 27-year-old man with strong family history of renal disease, who presented with hematuria and new non-nephrotic range proteinuria. Physical exam showed no abnormalities. His creatinine remained persistently elevated, and renal ultrasound exhibited bilaterally increased echogenicity consistent with Chronic Kidney Disease. Twenty-four-hour urinary collection revealed non-nephrotic range proteinuria of 1.4 g, with otherwise negative workup. On biopsy, he had IgA positive immunofluorescent staining as well as moderate interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Electron microscopy showed a basket-weave pattern of thickening and splitting of the lamina densa-consistent with Alport Syndrome, as well as mesangial expansion with electron-dense deposits -consistent with IgAN. Conclusions Mutations of COL4A5 on the X chromosome, as well as mutations of COL4A3 and COL4A4 on chromosome 2, can cause both Alport Syndrome and FIgAN. Genome wide association studies identified certain Angiotensin Converting Enzyme gene polymorphisms as independent risk factors for progression of IgAN. Our Presentation with this co-occurring pathology suggests a new paradigm where Alport Syndrome and FIgAN may represent manifestations of a single disease spectrum rather than two disparate pathologies. Appreciating hematuria through this framework has implications for treatments and genetic counseling. Further genome wide association studies will likely increase our understanding of Alport Syndrome, FIgAN, and other causes of hematuria.
How Do I Get to Room 3106? Student Wayfinding Designs for Old Main at Wayne State University

Built in 1895, Old Main is the oldest building on the Wayne State University campus. The building is a warren of rooms and hallways that is occupied by a wide variety of academic disciplines. However, there has never been any signage system for Old Main. Through using the experience of volunteers who specifically navigated to rooms and locations in Old Main, design students developed signage prototypes that connected the “story” of the building’s information (e.g., rooms and locations, landmarks, stairs and elevators, hallways) with the “story” of the volunteers (e.g., the time it took to get to room, their use of landmarks, obstacles they encountered). This paper describes the students’ design process and design work to demonstrate the importance of user-testing and the use of storytelling in design education.
Real time simulation for advanced time-varying harmonic analysis

Time varying harmonics are becoming an increasing issue in power quality analysis. Especially for future all-electric navy ships which will feature closely coupled and complex electrical power systems with a large number of power electronic converter systems. In this paper, real-time hardware-in-the-loop (RT-HIL) simulation is discussed as one of the tools to help analyzing the time varying power quality problems. First, recent additions to extensive RT-HIL capabilities of the Center for Advanced Power System (CAPS) at Florida State University are presented. Subsequently, results form RT-HIL experiments with commercial grade power electronics controllers are discussed.
Evolution of the superconducting state of Fe-based compounds with doping

We introduce an effective low-energy pairing model for Fe-based superconductors with $s$- and $d$-wave interaction components and a small number of input parameters and use it to study the doping evolution of the symmetry and the structure of the superconducting gap. We argue that the model describes the entire variety of pairing states found so far in the Fe-based superconductors and allows one to understand the mechanism of the attraction in ${s}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ channels, the competition between $s$- and $d$-wave solutions, and the origin of superconductivity in heavily doped systems, when only electron or only hole pockets are present.
Interface waves between two piezoelectric half-spaces with a semiconductor film

In this work propagation of anti-plane (SH) waves in two piezoelectric ceramic half-spaces with a thin layer of a semiconducting material between the half-spaces is studied, and wave attenuation and dispersion caused by semiconduction as well as wave amplification by a biasing electric field are examined.
Challenges in business process analysis and optimization

As organizations become more and more process-centered and as the extended enterprise becomes more of a reality, there is an increasing need to move towards the intelligent enterprise characterized by its agility for provisioning resources and services and the adaptation and optimization of its business processes. Many are the challenges that need to be faced to equip the extended enterprise with intelligence, in particular with business process intelligence. In this paper we present an overview of some challenges, opportunities and directions for analysis and optimization of business processes towards the intelligent enterprise.
Immunity to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves. II. Vaccination with normal larvae or larvae attenuated by triethylene melamine (TEM) or X-irradiation and exposure to experimental challenge.

Experiment I. Calves vaccinated with 2 doses of 1,000 D. viviparus larvae attenuated with triethylene melamine (TEM), together with calves similarly dosed, hut with normal larvae, and untreated controls, were challenged with 10,000 normal larvae. The TEM vaccine was fully attenuated and non-pathogenic, and protected calves against the challenge which produced severe symptoms in, and killed, 2 of the 4 controls. Mild clinical signs occurred in the vaccinates after challenge with increased respiratory rate and low grade faecal larval output (6°/0of controls) but weight gain was maintained. The calves receiving normal larvae showed moderate clinical signs with high respiratory rate, weight loss and faecal larval excretion. The challenge did not exacerbate the symptoms and appeared to have no effect on the course of the initial infection which was eliminated with a return to normal weight gain. The initial weight loss was, however, not regained. Experiment II. Calves vaccinated at intervals of 2 or 4 weeks with 2 doses of 1,000 D. viviparus larvae attenuated with TEM were compared with calves vaccinated with X-irradiated or normal larvae with a 4-week interval between doses and, together with untreated controls, exposed to a challenge of 7,500 larvae. The groups vaccinated with TEM-attenuated larvae showed no untoward clinical effects during vaccination but a slight reduction in weight gain was apparent and a few faecal samples were positive for larvae. The irradiated larval vaccine was not associated with reduced weight gain and only one faecal sample was positive for larvae. Following challenge, mild clinical symptoms were present in all the vaccinates with low levels of faecal larval output and moderately elevated respiratory rates. Weight gain continued steadily in contrast to controls which suffered severely from the challenge with one fatality, substantial weight loss and high respiratory rate and faecal larval excretion. One death occurred in the TEM vaccinated group receiving vaccine at a 2-week interval. This calf unlike any of its fellows in the group, behaved like the controls and apparently failed completely to respond to vaccination. The group receiving normal larvae suffered moderately from the initial infections but did not appear to be affected in any way by the challenge infection.
Comment on “A new model of charge transfer during ice–ice collisions”: [C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 1293–1303]

Abstract A model which proposes modifications of a theory of collisional charging of ice is criticized. To cite this article: J.G. Dash, J.S. Wettlaufer, C. R. Physique 4 (2003).
Organoaluminum chemistry : I. Oxidative degradation of aluminum alkyls with metal halides

Abstract The oxidation of aluminum alkyls by various metal halides has been investigated. Alkenes and alkanes derived from the alkyl groups are the gaseous products, the composition of which varies with the metal halide, the solvent, and the number of aluminum-bound alkyl groups. Abstraction of hydrogen from the solvent occurs in most cases. Complex changes take place with unsaturated solvents, which result in isomerization and polymer formation. In the presence of organic halogen compounds the metal halide is regenerated, or another oxidizing species is produced. The results are discussed in terms of a modified version of Eden and Feilchenfeld's mechanism, in which radical attack on adjacent metal-bound alkyl groups plays an important role.
Hypersonic transitional boundary layers.

Surface thin-film gages have been used to determine the extent of the transition region, intermittency distribution, and disturbance convection velocities in the boundary layer on a sharp 5-deg half angle cone at Mach 7.4 in the Ames 3.5-ft Hypersonic Wind Tunnel. In addition, extensive hot wire space-time correlation measurements have been obtained in the wind-tunnel freestream and in the transitional hypersonic boundary layer on a cone-ogive-cylinder in the same facility. Disturbance convection velocities have been obtained from the longitudinal cross correlation measurements as a function of fluctuation scale and distance from the wall. The results of normal cross correlation measurements are also discussed.
Si II Lines in the Shell of ζ Tau

Non-LTE strengths of Si it lines were computed in an effort to reproduce the observed strengths of Si it lines in the shell spectrum of ζ Tau. This effort was unsuccessful, probably because it assumed that the shell could be represented by a finite, plane-parallel slab. The main conclusion of this study, then, is that in order to understand the shell spectra of Be stars, a more realistic geometry must be assumed, in which the shell is represented by a thick disk.
Quantifying variable importance in a multimodel inference framework

Summary The sum of Akaike weights (SW) is often used to quantify relative variable importance (RVI) within the information-theoretic (IT) multimodel inference framework. A recent study (Galipaud et al. 2014, Methods in Ecology and Evolution 5: 983) questioned the validity of the SW approach. Regrettably, this study is flawed because SW was evaluated with an inappropriate benchmark. Irrespective of this study's methodological issues, RVI metrics based on the relative contribution of explanatory variables in explaining the variance in the response variable (partitioned R2-based) are lacking in multimodel inference. We re-evaluated the validity of SW by repeating Galipaud et al.'s experiment but with an appropriate benchmark. When explanatory variables are uncorrelated, the quantity that SW estimates (i.e. the probability that a variable is included in the actual best IT model) is monotonically related to squared zero-order correlation coefficients (r2) between explanatory variables and the response variable. The degree of correspondence between SW and r2 rankings (not values) of variables in data sets with uncorrelated explanatory variables was therefore used as a benchmark to evaluate the validity of SW as a RVI metric. To address the lack of partitioned R2-based RVI metrics in multimodel inference, we proposed 2 metrics: (a) Iweighted, the average model probability-weighted partitioned R2; and (b) Ibest, the partitioned R2 derived from the best IT model. We performed Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the utility of Iweighted and Ibest versus partitioned R2 derived from the global model (Iglobal). SW rankings matched r2 rankings of variables; therefore, SW is a valid measure of RVI. Among partitioned R2-based metrics, Iweighted and Iglobal were generally more accurate in estimating the population partitioned R2. Iweighted performed better when explanatory variables were uncorrelated, whereas Iglobal was better in smaller data sets with correlated explanatory variables. To improve the utility of Iweighted in such data sets, we proposed approaches to eliminate or reduce the influence of correlated variables. Despite recent criticisms, our results show that SW is a valid RVI metric. To quantify RVI in terms of the R2 explained by each variable, Iweighted and Iglobal are the preferred RVI metrics.
A complex, cross-taxon, chemical releaser of antipredator behavior in amphibians.

Prey species show diverse antipredator responses to chemical cues signaling predation threat. Among terrestrial vertebrates, the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is an important species in the study of these chemical defenses. During the day and early evening, this species avoids rinses from garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, independent of snake diet, but late at night, avoids only those rinses from garter snakes that have recently eaten P. cinereus. We tested whether the selective, late-night response requires the ingestion or injury of salamanders. In three experiments, we tested P. cinereus for their responses to separate or combined rinses from salamanders (undisturbed, distressed, and injured P. cinereus) and snakes (unfed, earthworm fed, and salamander-fed T. sirtalis). When paired against a water control, only rinses from salamander-fed snakes were avoided. When salamander treatments (undisturbed or distressed) were combined with the snake treatments (unfed or earthworm-fed) and tested against a water control, the combinations elicited avoidance. When selected treatments were paired against the standard rinse from salamander-fed snakes, only the combined rinses from salamanders and snakes nullified the avoidance response to the standard rinse. These data reveal a prey defense mechanism involving chemical elements from both the predator and prey that does not require injury or ingestion of the prey in the formation of the cue.
Host parasitoid interactions affecting reproduction and oviposition by Brachymeria intermedia (Hym: Chalcididae).

A maximum number of 6 parasitoid progeny are produced byBrachymeria intermedia (Nees) females, in a 24 h period, even when more than 6 hosts are available. The number of progeny produced by ovipositing females kept at a high temperature or high light intensity is greater than that of females kept at low temperatures or low light intensity. Host size and age of female parasitoids affect the sex ratio or progeny. Parasitism of small pupal hosts results in the production of a greater proportion of male progeny. Increasing maternal age appears to increase the proportion of males.
Tandem mass spectrometry of individual airborne microparticles

An apparatus for real-time MS/MS analysis of individual airborne microparticles by laser ablation in an ion trap is described. The performance has been demonstrated by the detection of tributyl phosphate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate on silicon carbide and kaolin microparticles.
Intraoperative cell salvage during radical cystectomy does not affect long-term survival.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk of long-term recurrence for patients who received cell-salvaged blood during radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed an RC database and compared those who did and did not receive cell-salvaged blood according to baseline parameters, pathologic outcomes, and recurrence. RESULTS A total of 378 patients underwent RC between 1992 and 2005 by one surgeon. Of these, 65 (17.2%) received cell-salvaged blood and 313 (82.8%) did not. The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. There were no differences between the two groups when compared by pathologic stage. The median follow-up for patients who did and did not receive cell-salvaged blood was 19.1 and 20.7 months, respectively (P = 0.464). The 3-year disease-specific survival rate for the two groups was 72.2% and 73.0%, respectively (P = 0.90). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative cell salvage is a safe blood management strategy for patients undergoing RC. There is no increased risk of metastatic disease or death for those who receive cell-salvaged blood. Concerns about spreading tumors cells by IOCS during RC would seem unwarranted. However, only a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial would provide the most valid assessment of the safety of IOCS.
Towards a software approach to mitigate voltage emergencies

Increases in peak current draw and reductions in the operating voltages of processors continue to amplify the importance of dealing with voltage fluctuations in processors. One approach suggested has been to not only react to these fluctuations but also attempt to eliminate future occurrences of these fluctuations by dynamically modifying the executing program. This paper investigates the potential of a very simple dynamic scheme to appreciably reduce the number of run-time voltage emergencies. It shows that we can map many of the voltage emergencies in the execution of the SPEC benchmarks on an aggressive superscalar design to a few static loops, categorize the microarchitectural cause of the emergencies in each important loop through simple observations and a simple priority function, and finally apply straight forward software optimization strategies to mitigate up to 70% of the future voltage swings.
Attractor identification and prediction for iterative dynamical systems

ABSTRACT There are four algorithms to find an attractor of a contractive iterated function system: iteration algorithm, random algorithm, branch-and-bound algorithm,and adjacency matrix algorithm. In this paper, we will present a new algorithm, thebisection algorithm. 1. INTRODUCTION Dynamical systems can be used to process information. In general, there aretwo approaches: storing information in attractors of dynamical systems and storinginformation in orbits of dynamical systems. In this paper, we will use the approachof information processing using attractors of dynamical systems.The idea of processing information by attractors of dynamical systems wasintroduced by Hopfield in his Hopfield neural network model [11) and by Barnsley in the Fractal data compression (2]. In either case, attractor identification and prediction is a very important subject. Lju has classified dynamical systems inseveral different ways, including classification by attractor topology, by spacecomplexity of parameter space, and by information capacity (6,7]. There are many
Physical characterization of gap junction membrane connexons (hemi-channels) isolated from rat liver

Enriched subcellular fractions of double membrane gap junctions (plaques) from rat livers were treated under reducing conditions with high salt and non-ionic detergent concentrations at high pH to obtain a preparation of structural 80-90 A complexes of oligomers (connexons). The isolated oligomers were chromatographically purified, and subsequently characterized immunologically, morphologically by electron microscopy, hydrodynamically by gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, spectroscopically by circular dichroism, and chemically via cross-linking studies. The physical characteristics of these isolated gap junction complexes were compared to those of native membrane-bound gap junctions in rat liver. These analyses indicate that the isolated complex (connexon) principally contains a hexameric arrangement of gap junction protein to form a single membrane hemi-channel.
Biologically inspired control of autonomous robots

Industrial robots are well suited for performing manipulation or material handling tasks in highly constrained and predictable environments. By contrast, living organisms are highly adaptive and capable of performing tasks in changing environments, such as stable locomotion over uneven terrain. The challenge to the field of robotics is to use inspiration from biology to develop systems capable of operating in unconstrained or partially constrained environments. We summarize traditional methods for robot control and then present an approach to based on biological principles, with emphasis on perception, control, and cognitive architectures. The principles are illustrated with four examples of robotic systems.
Alternative Formulations for Structural Optimization: An Evaluation Using Frames

Two alternative formulations based on the concept of simultaneous analysis and design are presented and evaluated for optimal design of framed structures. Different behavior variables, such as nodal displacements and member forces, are also treated as optimization variables in addition to the actual design variables for the problem. With these formulations, the equilibrium equations become equality constraints in the optimization process. The objective and all constraints become explicit functions of the optimization variables. Therefore, their derivatives can be obtained quite easily compared to those for the conventional approach where special design sensitivity analysis procedures must be used to calculate derivatives. It is also easier to use existing analysis software for optimization with the alternative formulations because the sensitivity equations are not formed or solved. A sequential quadratic programming method that exploits sparsity of problem functions is used to solve sample problems and evaluate the formulations. Implementation of the alternative formulations with an existing analysis program is explained. Advantages and disadvantages of the formulations are discussed. It is concluded that the alternative formulations work quite well for optimization of framed structures and have potential for further development.
Productive use of derivational morphology by deaf college students

The ability of deaf college students to take advantage of derivational morphology is examined in an experiment on vocabulary acquisition. Using a paired-associate task, the deaf subjects were found to learn pseudoword-word pairs faster when semantically related words (e.g., book and read) were paired with derivationally related pseudowords (e.g., RALP and RALPIFY) than when they were paired with unrelated pseudowords (e.g., NARK and STRITIFY). These results converge with evidence obtained in other studies in indicating that deaf students are able to take advantage of English morphology when reading.
Musculoskeletal: what is different in children? Jumped off bed; foot pain

This four-year-old girl was brought to the Emergency Room (ER) at around one o’clock in the morning because her foot was hurting and she could not get to sleep. She did not want to bear weight on the foot and really did not want to walk. What happened to this girl is that she was fooling around at about 10 o’clock the previous evening. She jumped from her bed and landed on her feet. She didn’t remember exactly how she landed, but she almost immediately complained of right foot pain. It seemed to settle down a little and the parents thought that she probably would get over it. However, she could not get to sleep because of pain and discomfort and by one o’clock in the morning the parents decided that they should bring her to the Emergency Room (ER). On arrival to the ER, the patient’s physical examination demonstrated swelling and pain over the right first digit and medial (first metatarsal) forefoot (Fig. 1a). No other problems were detected and the patient was previously Emerg Radiol (2009) 16:171–174 DOI 10.1007/s10140-008-0765-7
A New Type of Expansion in Radiation Problems

A new type of expansion of $\frac{\mathrm{i}(1){{e}^{\mathrm{ikr}}}_{12}}{{r}_{12}}$ is developed. Here i is a vector function of the spherical coordinates denoted by 1 and ${r}_{12}$ is the distance between two points denoted by 1 and 2. This expansion is used in the solution of Maxwell's equations and a simple general expression is found for the energy radiated from a known current distribution. A brief application to Dirac's theory of radiation is given. An expansion for $\frac{\mathrm{i}(1)}{{r}_{12}}$ is developed which can be used to find the vector potential due to a steady current distribution.
Intrinsic Surface States in Semiconductors

Experimentally well established features of semiconductor surface-state distributions are explained in terms of a realistic model calculation.
Biomedical association mining and validation

During last decade, the data published in biomedical literature has increased exponentially. With this growth, it has become hard to manually read all the papers for required information. Many text mining algorithms and approaches have been developed to extract information from the existing literature. One such important information is to find the associations between functional terms like genes, proteins, drugs, diseases etc. These associations can be casual, explicit or implicit. One of the most common applications is to mine protein-protein interactions from Pubmed. The focus of the present study is to identify and validate implicit protein -- protein associations as these are hard to identify from literature. These associations, when detected automatically, are noisy and need to be validated for their biological significance. In the process of validating, these associations were passed through series of filters and an algorithm to remove the noise present in the data. In this study, we used 16 gene ids to retrieve 32,693 documents with 193,738 sentences related to regenerative biology from the Pubmed database. From these sentences, BioMap found 10004 explicit and 30,000 implicit protein interaction pairs that were validated using the proposed methodology. Finally 308 implicit pairs were identified as outcome of this methodology. These results indicate that the proposed methods can be effectively used for biological verification of implicit protein-protein interactions that are obtained through literature mining.
Drug Usage and Health Characteristics in Non-Institutionalized Mexican-American Elderly.

This paper reports the results of in-depth interviews with thirty-two elderly Mexican-Americans (average age, sixty-nine) with respect to: 1) their total drug usage including prescription, over-the...
Vibration Response of a U-Tube Bundle with Anti-Vibration Bar Supports due to Turbulence and Fluidelastic Excitations

Abstract A flow test program is described which characterizes turbulence and fluidelastically induced tube responses of a 5 by 12 U-tube bundle with Anti-Vibration Bar (AVB) supports. The tube bundle was tested with three different tube/AVB support-clearance conditions. Individual, isolated tubes were also investigated with various, precisely set boundary conditions. These latter tests provide accurate tube response and tube/tube support interaction data under conditions of flow turbulence and fluidelastical tube excitation. These results are used for verification of nonlinear finite element computer code simulations of tube vibration and wear. Conventional accelerometer and proximity probe instrumentation identified modal tube responses, and in-plane and out-of-plane tube motion behavior in the U-bend region of the tube bundle. Replacing short tube sections with force/motion measurement devices integral with the tube enabled nonintrusive monitoring of contract/impact forces, as well as of tube in-plane sliding motions when the tube was in contact with an AVB. This arrangement allowed for the experimental determination of "work rates" and impact force histograms. During a series of three tests, using increasing support clearance conditions, complex tube vibration patterns were produced that exhibited effects of AVB movement. Centered tubes, subjected to flow, first responded to turbulence excitation, and then, as flow increased, exhibited predictable fluidelastic instabilities at fundamental vibration modes. Further increase in flow resulted in amplitude controlled limit cycles. These cycles showed gradually increasing response frequencies with evidence of mode switching. The threshold velocity for fluidelastic response increases with the number of AVB contact points and the level of preload. At low cross-flow velocities, work rate results vary significantly for different conditions. At higher cross-flow velocities, similar work-rate data were obtained, even though different wear mechanisms (sliding versus impact) existed.
The temporal sequence of G-protein expression in intimal hyperplasia.

The universal response of a blood vessel to intimal injury is the development of intimal hyperplasia. The etiology of this lesion is not fully understood but is assumed to involve stimulation of receptors on smooth muscle cells with their subsequent proliferation. Many receptor-mediated processes are coupled to G-proteins but little information exists regarding the expression of G-proteins during the development of intimal hyperplasia. This study examines the kinetics of G-protein expression in experimental vein grafts. Male New Zealand White rabbits had a right carotid interposition bypass graft using the ipsilateral external jugular vein. These were harvested on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 postoperatively for histology (n = 3), for in vitro isometric tension studies of potassium chloride, serotonin, bradykinin, and histamine (n = 3), or for Western blot analysis (n = 3) of the G-protein subunits (α i1 , α i2 , α i3 , α s and β). The results show that expression of α i3 developed de novo, was detectable by day 1, and continued to increase through day 7, paralleling the development of intimal hyperplasia. The expression of α s (52 kDa) increased significantly by day 1 and also continued to increase until day 7. In contrast, expression for α i2 , α s (45 kDa) and β subunits increased at a much slower rate from 1 to 7 days and remained constant thereafter. No α i1 was detected. The contractile response to potassium chloride was significantly reduced (36% of the response in the jugular vein) over the first 7 days and increased to 196% of the jugular vein response at 14 and 28 days. There was minimal response to serotonin, bradykinin, and histamine over the first 7 days. Contractile responses to serotonin increased while those to bradykinin and histamine decreased from 7 to 28 days. This study demonstrates that there are specific changes in α i and α s subunits within 24 hr of grafting and that increases in all G-proteins occur in a time dependent manner up to 7 days postoperatively. Microscopic development of intimal hyperplasia occurs from days 3 to 5 and increases rapidly between 7 and 14 days. Changes in the expression of G-proteins in the vein grafts, particularly the α i3 subunit, parallel this formation of intimal hyperplasia. These alterations in G-protein expression do not appear to correlate with G-protein-mediated, contractile responses in the vein grafts.
A LINK-BASED VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY FORMULATION OF IDEAL DYNAMIC USER-OPTIMAL ROUTE CHOICE PROBLEM

The ideal dynamic user-optimal (DUO) route choice problem is to determine vehicle flows on each link at each instant of time resulting from drivers using actual minimal-time routes. Actual route time is the travel time incurred while driving along the route. In a previous paper, we presented a route-based optimal control model for the ideal DUO route choice problem. However, this model is not appropriate for large-scale transportation networks because some degree of route enumeration is necessary to solve the model. In this paper, we first present the traffic network constraints and link-based DUO route choice conditions. Then, we introduce a link-based variational inequality (VI) formulation for the ideal DUO route choice problem so that route enumeration can be avoided in both the formulation and the solution procedure. By proving the necessity and sufficiency of this VI, we demonstrate that the VI formulation is equivalent to the link-based DUO route choice conditions.
A Time for Change and a Candidate’s Voice: Pragmatism and the Rhetoric of Inclusion in Barack Obama’s 2008 Presidential Campaign:

The lens of presidential rhetorical studies provides a solid foundation for understanding Barack Obama’s campaign rhetoric. This study analyzes Barack Obama’s strategies to create a pragmatic moral voice for the presidency. The authors argue that Obama’s inclusive rhetorical campaign incorporated a rhetorical pragmatism. Rhetorical pragmatism is understood as discourse that negotiates uncertainty, generates knowledge based on human interest, expresses individualism (pluralism), and builds communities. The ends of this discourse are the means for achieving all of these. The authors found that the uncertainty of the nation’s political, social, and rhetorical situations constituted the foundation on which all Obama’s claims were staged. The ends of his campaign rhetoric were the traditional concern of constituting and reconstituting community. The authors believe, to fully appreciate Obama’s campaign rhetoric, scholars need to observe how he reconstituted an American moral voice. In uncertain times, American...
Rate coefficients at 298 K for SO reactions with O2, O3, and NO2

Abstract SO 2 photodissociation at 193 nm (ArF excimer laser) has been used to create SO radicals; the chemiluminescence from the SO + O 3 reaction has been used to follow the SO radical decay. Rate coefficients at 298 K of (1.07 ± 0.16) × 10 −16 , (1.06 ± 0.16) × 10 −13 , and (1.48 ± 0.20) × 10 −11 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 were measured for the reactions of SO with O 2 , O 3 , and NO 2 , respectively.
The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge: microgravity experiments on a bridge suspended in a dielectric gas

The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge was studied in steady and oscillatory axial electric fields with a novel apparatus aboard a space shuttle. To avoid interphase transport, which complicates matters in terrestrial, matched-density systems, the experiments focused on a liquid column surrounded by a dielectric gas. The micro-gravity acceleration level aboard the spacecraft kept the Bond number small; so interface deformation by buoyancy was negligible. To provide microgravity results for comparison with terrestrial data, the behaviour of a castor oil bridge in a silicone oil matrix liquid was studied first. The results from these experiments are in excellent agreement with earlier work with isopycnic systems as regards transitions from a perfect cylinder to the amphora shape and the separation of an amphora into drops. In addition, the location of the amphora bulge was found to be correlated with the field direction, contrary to the leaky dielectric model but consistent with earlier results from terrestrial experiments. Next, the behaviour of a bridge surrounded by a dielectric gas, sulphur hexa fluoride (SF6), was investigated. In liquid–gas experiments, electrohydrodynamic ejection of liquids from ‘Taylor cones’ was used to deploy fluid and form bridges by remote control. Experiments with castor oil bridges in SF6 identified the conditions for two transitions: cylinder–amphora, and pinch-off. In addition, new behaviour was uncovered with liquid–gas interfaces. Contrary to expectations based on perfect dielectric behaviour, castor oil bridges in SF6 could not be stabilized in AC fields. On the other hand, a low-conductivity silicone oil bridge, which could not be stabilized by a DC field, was stable in an AC field.
Percutaneous intrapericardial echocardiography during catheter ablation: a feasibility study

Background Percutaneous pericardial access, epicardial mapping, and ablation have been used successfully for catheter ablation procedures. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of closed-chest direct epicardial ultrasound imaging for aiding cardiac catheter ablation procedures. Methods An intracardiac ultrasound catheter was used for closed-chest epicardial imaging of the heart in 10 patients undergoing percutaneous epicardial access for catheter ablation. All patients underwent concomitant intracardiac echocardiography and preprocedural transesophageal echocardiography. Using a double-wire technique, two sheaths were placed in the pericardium, and a phased-array ultrasound catheter was manipulated within the pericardial sinuses for imaging. Results Multiple images from varying angles were obtained for catheter navigation. Notably, image stability was excellent, and structures such as the left atrial appendage were seen in great detail. No complications resulting from use of the ultrasound catheter in the pericardium occurred, and no restriction of movement due to the presence of the additional catheter in the pericardial space was observed. Wall motion was correlated to voltage maps in five patients and showed that areas of scars correlated with wall-motion abnormalities. Normal wall-motion score correlated to sensed signals of 4.2 ± 0.3 mV (normal myocardium >1.5 mV), and scores >1 correlated to areas with signals Conclusion Intrapericardial imaging using an ultrasound catheter is feasible and safe and has the potential to provide additional valuable information for complex ablation procedures.
The role of endogenous dopamine in the hypermotility response to intra-accumbens AMPA

The present study was designed to investigate the role of dopamine in the locomotor stimulant response produced by the bilateral administration of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA) into the nucleus accumbens. The hypermotility produced by lower doses of AMPA (up to 0.25 μg) was inhibited by either SCH23390 or sulpiride, a D 1 and D2 receptor antagonist, respectively. The locomotor response to a higher dose of AMPA (0.5 μg) was greater than the maximum response to intra-accumbal injection of amphetamine and was significantly inhibited only when both the D1 and D2 antagonists were administered together. α-Methyl-p-tyrosine inhibited the locomotor response to AMPA (0.5 μg), and this inhibition was reversed by the co-injection of AMPA with either SKF38393, a D1 agonist, or quinpirole, a D2 agonist, at doses which were ineffective in the absence of AMPA. AMPA when infused into the nucleus accumbens produced an increase in extracellular dopamine, suggesting that AMPA can enhance dopamine efflux. The injection of AMPA into the nucleus accumbens significantly increased the DOPAC/dopamine ratio, which is different from the decrease in ratio reported for amphetamine. These data suggest that the stimulation of locomotor activity by intra-accumbal AMPA may be the result of an enhancement in dopamine efflux as well as a change in the response to dopaminergic receptor activation.
Cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activation by the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer mcf-7 cells: repressive effects of conjugated linoleic acid.

Abstract The role of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in transcriptional regulation of the human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene remains elusive. We report that the AhR-ligands benzo[a]pyrene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced transcription activity of COX-2 in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The TCDD-dependent activation of the COX-2 promoter was abrogated by mutation of 2 xenobiotic response elements (XREs) = CGTG). We found that TCDD stimulated the binding of the AhR to COX-2 and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) oligonucleotides containing consensus XREs. Conversely, the cotreatment with TCDD plus a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or selected CLA isomers prevented (CLAmix = t10,c12-CLA > c9,t11-CLA) the induction of transcription from the COX-2 promoter. The TCDD-induced binding of the AhR to COX-2 and CYP1A1 oligonucleotides was repressed by cotreatment with CLA (t10,c12-CLA > c9,t11-CLA), and the AhR antagonists, 3-methoxy-4-naphthoflavone, and resveratrol. We conclude that t...