cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytokine Storm of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a rare, clinically distinct entity characterized by multiple, symmetric areas of edema and necrosis in the thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and white matter. It is postulated to arise from uncontrolled cytokine release during a febrile illness, and is most often seen in East Asia. We describe a rare North American case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy attributable to human herpes virus-6 is a 9-month-old white male. The infant moved to the United States from Hong Kong, 3 months before disease onset. A workup revealed elevations in serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-10, with normal values of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α after the initiation of high-dose steroids. This profile is unique compared with previous cytokine profiles of this disease, possibly because of the effects of steroid therapy. A rare North American case with a history of birth in East Asia underscores the possibility of a role for environmental pathogens in this disease.
Determination of CMPO using HPLC-UV.

Abstract Octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) is an extractant proposed for selective separation of radionuclide metals from used nuclear fuel solutions using solvent extraction. Radiolysis reactions can degrade CMPO and reduce separation performance and hence methods for measuring the concentration of CMPO are needed. A novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for measuring CMPO in dodecane that featured a low pH buffer, octanol as a co-solvent with 2-propanol, and ultraviolet (UV) detection. Validation data indicated that the HPLC–UV method for CMPO determination provided good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Method performance was evaluated using CMPO samples that had undergone radiolysis, and the results showed a decrease in CMPO concentration and the appearance of degradation products. The degradation products were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, which also showed formation of CMPO–nitric acid complexes that account for the apparent loss of CMPO in an acidic environment, independent of irradiation.
Ca2+‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent stimulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase in detergent‐skinned vascular smooth muscle

Protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase are expressed in all smooth muscle cells and believed to be important in several physiologically relevant properties of this muscle. Our goal was to determine if protein kinase C and MAP kinase are activated by a simple increase in cellular Ca(2+) and to determine if protein kinase C is an upstream activator of MAP kinase. These studies were performed in the Triton X-100 detergent-skinned preparation of the swine carotid artery, which allows control of the intracellular environment without influence from membrane or receptor-mediated modulation. The p42 and p44 isoforms of MAP kinase were activated in a concentration-dependent fashion by an increase in Ca2+. This was shown by in-the-gel kinase assay and direct measurement of MAP kinase phosphotransferase activity. Protein kinase C was also activated by an increase in Ca2+, as shown by a novel assay that measures total active protein kinase C in the tissue. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity completely abolished MAP kinase activity. Additionally, inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) also abolished MAP kinase activity. Using intact swine carotid arteries, we showed p42 and p44 MAP kinase to be activated by both histamine and phorbol dibutyrate, but only the p42 isoform was calcium-sensitive. Our results suggest that a Ca(2+)-dependent isoform of protein kinase C and CaM kinase II are upstream activators of MAP kinase in the swine carotid artery.
Rapid Total Synthesis of DARPin pE59 and Barnase

We report the convergent total synthesis of two proteins: DARPin pE59 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase (Barnase). Leveraging our recently developed fast-flow peptide-synthesis platform, we rapidly explored numerous conditions for the assembly of long polypeptides, and were able to mitigate common side reactions, including deletion and aspartimide products. We report general strategies for improving the synthetic quality of difficult peptide sequences with our system. High-quality protein fragments produced under optimal synthetic conditions were subjected to convergent native chemical ligation, which afforded native full-length proteins after a final desulfurization step. Both DARPin and Barnase were folded and found to be as active as their recombinant analogues.
Testosterone inhibits prostaglandin formation by human gingival connective tissue: relationship to 14C-arachidonic acid metabolism.

Abstract The relationship between various concentrations of the male sex steroid, testosterone and the formation of radioactive prostaglandins (PGs) from 14C-arachidonic acid by human gingival homogenate has been investigated. There were statistically significant (combined) linear and quadratic tends between hormone treatment at concentrations of 10−9, 10−7, 10−5 and 10−3M and the amounts of PGF2a PGE2, PGD2 and 15-keto-PGE2 formed. The mean amount of each PG formed at the various concentrations of testosterone was statistically significantly less than the corresponding control level. The results indicate that testosterone, at the dose levels tested, is inhibitory to the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in gingiva.
On half‐blind men and elephants: Understanding greater ethnic diversity and responding to “good‐enough” evidence

(2008). On half‐blind men and elephants: Understanding greater ethnic diversity and responding to “good‐enough” evidence. Housing Policy Debate: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 218-229.
Comparison of autonomic function using Valsalva ratio and 30:15 postural ratio prior to and after haemodialysis treatment

In published studies of chronic haemodialysis patients, the frequency of autonomic dysfunction varies widely. One reason for the variation may be the time of testing with respect to time of dialysis. The current study tests the hypothesis that autonomic function — as measured by heart rate responses to the Valsalva manoeuvre (Valsalva ratio) and 30:15 electrocardiogram (ECG) R—R interval to upright posture (postural ratio) — is different when patients are above ‘dry weight’ (predialysis) than when they are at or below dry weight (postdialysis). The study also reviews available literature to analyze other factors that may affect the results of autonomic testing in this population. A total of 25 chronic haemodialysis patients underwent standard Valsalva and 30:15 R—R interval postural autonomic testing prior to and after haemodialysis. In addition, pre- and postdialysis orthostatic responses were measured and compared with a control population. The 30:15 ratio increased after dialysis (p = 0.001). The Valsalva ratio did not change with dialysis. Out of 25 subjects, seven had an abnormal 30:15 ratio prior to dialysis decreasing to two out of 25 patients postdialysis (p < 0.03). Orthostatic responses predialysis did not differ from those in the control group. Review of the literature shows great variability in definition of normal Valsalva and postural (30:15 R—R interval) ratios. Diabetic patients in the current and prior studies were more likely to have abnormal responses. In conclusion, the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in chronic dialysis patients as determined by Valsalva and 30:15 ECG postural ratios may be influenced by the following factors: when subjects are studied with respect to their dialysis treatment; the number of subjects with diabetes; and the cut-off point used to define abnormal test results. Abnormal Valsalva ratios are less frequent when measured postdialysis.
Dynamic analysis of space–time effects in the ISU RACE configuration

Abstract We present reactor physics analyses for the accelerator-driven thermal reactor configuration of the Reactor-Accelerator Coupling Experiments Project (RACE) at Idaho State University. A full-core model is developed using the ERANOS deterministic code coupled with the JEF2.2 nuclear data library. A pulsed source experiment is simulated to test performance of the traditional point kinetics and space–time α- methods for reactivity determination. Analysis of the simulated 235 U detector responses to a neutron source pulse indicates the inability of point kinetics theory to correctly determine the reactivity for the subcritical RACE configuration. The ERANOS simulation indicates that the traditional α -method overestimates k eff by 4.5%, whereas the space–time α -method could yield significant improvements if sufficiently accurate simulations are available.
Shimura correspondence for finite groups

Let G be a simply connected Chevalley group corresponding to an irreducible simply laced root system. Then the finite group G(Z/4Z) has a two fold central extension G(Z/4Z) realized as a Steinberg group. In this paper we construct a natural correspondence between genuine representations of G(Z/4Z) and representations of the Chevalley group G(Z/2Z).
The Cycle, Dilemma, and Expectations of the Black Administrator.

It is high time for us to get ourselves together. The Black administrators have been talked about too long on the social and cocktail party circuit. Finally, people are attempting to deal with them in a formal, organized way, and I applaud that attempt. In talking about the Black administrator in white academia the joy, agony, expectations, and opportunities too many people expect too many things from the Black administrator in higher education, particularly in white-controlled institutions. At the same time, however, not many people know very much about the men and women who are expected to be these super niggers to so many people. The first phenomenon-the enormous expectation arises in large part from the second phenomenon a serious lack of information. It is not too much to say that the understanding of both phenomena is important to Black survival. Administration is in itself a topic of enormous concern and controversy. Students and parents, especially those who are Black and poor, have shaken off their resignation and apathy
Pace length effects in human walking: "groucho" gaits revisited.

Abstract In the present study, the authors explored the effect of manipulating the distance between footfalls (pace length) in level walking in 3 men. The translational kinetic energy to gravitational potential energy (E k-E p) exchange was found to be maintained until pace length reached approximately 110% of single limb length. Beyond that pace length, the compliance of the support limb increased, apparently to allow the muscular absorption of excess kinetic energy. E p oscillations decreased with increasing limb compliance, and the participants could control that relationship with pace length alone. The authors compared the present results with previous descriptions of the relationship between limb compliance and pace length in running. An analog of the running relationship holds for walking as well. The trigger for those gait modifications has not yet been identified, however. The present results have implications for the exploration of the integrated control of mechanical consequences in human locomo...
An analysis of GABAergic afferents to basket cell bodies in the cat's cerebellum

An antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was used to identify GABAergic terminals around the somata of basket cells in the cat's cerebellar cortex. Two sources for GAD immunoreactive terminals were identified based on size and cytological characteristics including the recurrent collaterals derived from Purkinje cells and the axons of stellate cells. The majority of the unlabeled terminals likely arise from parallel fibers. The present analysis indicates that GAD-positive terminals form 13% of the synaptic contacts on basket cells. The remaining 87% are unlabeled. Thus, GAD-positive terminals represent a small proportion of the synaptic input to basket cell bodies as compared to afferent endings that likely mediate excitation.
Erratum to “Solar sources and geospace consequences of interplanetary magnetic clouds observed during solar cycle 23—Paper 1” [J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 70(2-4) (2008) 245-253]

One of the figures (Fig. 4) in "Solar sources and geospace consequences of interplanetary magnetic Clouds observed during solar cycle 23 -- Paper 1" by Gopalswamy et al. (2008, JASTP, Vol. 70, Issues 2-4, February 2008, pp. 245-253) is incorrect because of a software error in t he routine that was used to make the plot. The source positions of various magnetic cloud (MC) types are therefore not plotted correctly.
Experimental study of hybrid composite cylinders

Abstract In this study, a new type of hybrid confining device, a tubular steel lattice that is externally protected by a thin fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) skin is proposed and experimentally investigated. Two types of grid configurations were investigated. One was an axial grid and the other was a helical grid. For comparison purposes, conventional solid steel tubes, which were also protected by a FRP skin, and conventional FRP tubes were also used. Seven cylinders were prepared out of each type of confining tubes. A total of 28 cylinders were prepared, which had an inner diameter of 101.6 mm and a height of 304.8 mm. The 28 cylinders were divided into two groups. Sixteen tubes, with four tubes from each type, were directly filled with fresh concrete, creating a conventional bonded interfacial condition; the remaining twelve tubes, with three tubes from each type, were modified with a plastic liner before casting concrete, creating an “abnormal” debonded interfacial condition. Two types of experiments were conducted. One was an axial compression test and the other was a push-out test. Strain gages were used to monitor the local stress–strain distributions. Flat FRP coupon tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the FRP jacket and the FRP tube. The structural performance of the hybrid composite cylinders was evaluated based on the test results.
Ancient solar wind in lunar microbreccias

Possible components of the ancient solar wind, particularly the N-15/N-14 ratio, are investigated on the basis of lunar microbreccia studies. Nitrogen contents and isotope ratios were determined for Apollo 11 and 15 microbreccia samples by means of vacuum pyrolysis techniques. The Apollo 11 soil breccias, which had been closed to the addition of recent solar wind due to their compaction, are found to contain the lowest N-15/N-14 ratios yet reported for the solar wind, extending the range of variation of the ratio to between a delta N-15 of -190% in the past to +120% at present. Nitrogen isotope analysis of the Apollo 15 drill core, which had undergone two episodes of solar wind exposure, also support the secular variation in the N-15 content of the solar wind, which is attributed to spallation reactions in the sun. The formation of the breccias at the Apollo 11 and 15 sites is discussed on the basis of the observed nitrogen systematics, and differences between N-15 and Ne-21 cosmic ray exposure ages implied are attributed to the diffusive loss of neon from lunar soils.
Right lung ventilation in a porcine open-chest shock model.

Objective: To determine the effect of selective right lung ventilation on gas exchange and hemodynarnics when compared with bilateral lung ventilation in a porcine open-chest shock model. Methods: 4 randomized, controlled laboratory investigation was performed using a static hemorrhagic shock model in 12 adult swine undergoing thoracotomy. The animals were subjected to a fixed 40% circulating blood volume hemorrhage over 20 minutes. Each animal was then assigned to either a tracheal (control) or a right mainstem (experimental) intubation group. Minute ventilation was held constant in both groups and tidal volumes were decreased by 33% in the right mainstem intubation group. Following intubation and left lateral thoracotomy. another 20% fixed-volume hemorrhage was instituted simultaneously with IV crystalloid and whole blood resuscitation for both groups over 30 minutes. Heart rate. blood pressure. and arterial blood gases were measured at 5-minute intervals. Results: There was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups for any of the measured variables. including mean arterial pressure, pH, partial arterial pressure of CO2 (Paco2), and Pao2. over time. All animals survived the study protocol. Conclusion: Selective right lung ventilation has no detrimental effect on gas exchange or hemodynarnics when compared with standard bilateral lung ventilation in a porcine open-chest shock model.
Strategy for statistical-mapping of potential regulatory regions in the human genome.

Abstract We have explored the feasibility of using crude nuclear extracts and band-shift experiments, to select and clone short human DNA fragments that contain binding sites for sequence-specific nuclear proteins. We show that this strategy is feasible. It provides a means to systematically identify the recognition sequences of proteins found in nuclear extracts prepared from various tissues, in order to compile a protein-binding-sequence catalogue. A complete catalogue would provide the data needed for searching the “raw” human DNA sequences for occurrence of protein-binding sites and thus, to construct a statistical map of potential regulatory regions in the human genome.
Complex orthodontic problems:the orthognathic patient with temporomandibular disorders

The diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remain controversial despite considerable research and publication in this area. The relationship of these problems to dental and skeletal malocclusion is equally debatable. Recent studies suggest that although malocclusion may have a role, it is a small one. Accordingly, treatment of TMD with occlusion-altering therapy, such as orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, should be limited to specific situations. This report discusses the management of patients with coexisting TMD and skeletal malocclusion. Current concepts in clinical and radiographic diagnosis are discussed, as well as an overview of noninvasive therapy. A case report is used to illustrate an approach to diagnosis and treatment planning in an individual with active TMD and a skeletal malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery for correction.
Immunologic studies of factor IX (christmas factor) I. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis method for factor IX antigen

Abstract A precipitating monospecific antiserum for factor IX antigen was produced by immunization of rabbits with a partly purified factor IX and solid-phase immunoadsorption. The monospecific antiserum was used to determine the presence of factor IX antigen in hemophilia B and normal plasmas by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis method. Factor IX antigen appears to be markedly reduced or absent in most hemophilia B patients when studied by this method.
Effect of Zinc Additions on Oxide Rupture Strain and Repassivation Kinetics of Iron-Based Alloys in 288°C Water

Abstract The effect of Zn water chemistry additions on the mechanism of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of Fe-based alloys in water at 288°C was evaluated in terms of the slip-disso...
Paternal Separation Anxiety: Relationships With Parenting Stress, Child-Rearing Attitudes, and Maternal Anxieties

Employed mothers of young children worry about the effects of daily separation on their children Do fathers have similar anxieties? Because fathers are expected to leave the home and go to work, psychologists have not studied fathers' concerns about daily separation from their babies and preschool children In this study, we investigated fathers' and mothers' separation anxiety and the relationships between separation anxiety and family and child-care characteristics The sample included 589 married couples from a larger study of families and center-based child care Data were collected through in-home and center visits Fathers and mothers had similar levels of Separation Anxiety However, fathers reported slightly higher Concern for the Child, and mothers reported higher Employment Concerns Fathers' perceptions of their wives' anxieties were higher by half a standard deviation compared with mothers' reports Fathers' and mothers self-reported separation anxieties were modestly correlated Paternal separation a...
Universal aspects of composite viscoelastic behavior

The viscoelastic behavior of a series of vinyl ester resins and E-glass fiber-reinforced composites is discussed. It is shown that the temperature shift factors for these systems, and others, suggests a universal behavior. A similar observation is made for the aging shift rate. On the other hand. the temperature dependence of compliance components per se appear to differ from system to system. Finally, it is shown that the retardation spectra for the vinyl ester resin and composites systems are the same to within a multiplicative constant in the glassy and in the short time transition regions. This shows that the presence of fibers has no influence on the distribution of retardation times in those regions
Beyond Newton's law of cooling – estimation of time since death

The estimate of the time since death and, thus, the time of death is strictly that, an estimate. However, the time of death can be an important piece of information in some coroner's cases, especially those that involve criminal or insurance investigations. It has been known almost from the beginning of time that bodies cool after the internal mechanisms such as circulation of the blood stop. A first attempt to link this phenomenon to the determination of the time of death used a crude linear relationship. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Newton's law of cooling using body temperature data obtained by the coroner was used to make a more accurate estimate. While based on scientific principles and resulting in a better estimate, Newton's law does not really describe the cooling of a non-homogeneous human body. This article will discuss a more accurate model of the cooling process based on the theoretical work of Marshall and Hoare and the laboratory-based statistical work of Claus Henssge. Using DERIVE®6.10 and the statistical work of Henssge, the double exponential cooling formula developed by Marshall and Hoare will be explored. The end result is a tool that can be used in the field by coroner's scene investigators to determine a 95% confidence interval for the time since death and, thus, the time of death.
A framework for simulation-based real-time whole building performance assessment

Abstract Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures. One approach to addressing this problems is to compare the predictions of an energy simulation model of the building to the measured performance and analyze significant differences to infer the presence and location of faults. This paper presents a framework that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The realization of the framework utilized the EnergyPlus, the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and the Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) was developed. An EnergyPlus model that represents expected performance of a building runs in real time and reports the predicted building performance at each time step. The BCVTB is used as the software platform to acquire relevant inputs from the EMCS through a BACnet interface and send them to the EnergyPlus and to a database for archiving. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented.
Graded Porous Silicon Carbide for High Temperature Membrane Applications

Due to its excellent thermal shock resistance, mechanical and chemical stability at both room and elevated temperatures, silicon carbide (SiC) is an attractive material for environmental protection and energy production applications such as catalyst supports, molten metal filters and gas separation membranes. Precise pore size control and high porosity are the key deciding factors for such applications. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication of bi-layered SiC membranes with a graded porosity, consisting of porous nano-SiC layer on the surface of a porous coarse-grained SiC support layer. Nano-SiC powders utilized for this study were synthesized using a novel process based on mechanical activation of silica fume and graphite mixtures, resulting in particle sizes as small as 30 nm. The effects of sintering temperature were investigated to control the pore size, particle size and overall density of the bi-layered membrane.
Supratentorial hemangioblastoma: clinical features, prognosis, and predictive value of location for von Hippel–Lindau disease

Supratentorial hemangioblastoma is a rare form of hemangioblastoma; little information is available regarding prognosis, treatment, and clinical characteristics, because the available literature is primarily composed of case reports and small case series. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to analyze clinical characteristics, disease progression, and surgical outcomes with respect to survival for supratentorial hemangioblastomas. The rate of progression-free survival (PFS) was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differences in categorical factors, including location of tumor and diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, were analyzed using the Pearson χ2 test. A total of 106 articles met the search criteria, which combined for a total of 132 patients. Of the patients with supratentorial tumors, 60% had VHL disease, and 31 (84%) of 37 patients with tumors in the sellar/suprasellar region had associated VHL (χ2, P < .001). Five-year PFS for gross-total resection and subtotal resection were 100% and 53%, respectively (Log rank, P < .01). On the basis of our analysis of the literature on published cases of supratentorial hemangioblastoma, gross-total resection appears to be superior to other treatment modalities in extending PFS. Von Hippel–Lindau disease is positively correlated with supratentorial hemangioblastoma when compared with non-supratentorial CNS hemangioblastomas, particularly when present in the sellar/suprasellar region.
Brief cognitive intervention can modulate neuroendocrine stress responses to the Trier Social Stress Test: Buffering effects of a compassionate goal orientation

Summary Background The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a critical mediator linking stress to health. Understanding how to modulate its reactivity could potentially help reduce the detrimental health effects of HPA axis activation. Social evaluative threat is a potent activator of this system. Access to control and coping responses can reduce its reactivity to pharmacological activation. Compassionate or affiliative behaviors may also moderate stress reactivity. Impact of these moderators on social evaluative threat is unknown. Here, we tested the hypotheses that interventions to increase control, coping, or compassionate (versus competitive) goals could reduce HPA-axis response to social evaluative threat. Methods Healthy participants (n = 54) were exposed to social evaluative threat using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). They were randomly assigned to receive one of four different instructions prior to the stressor: Standard TSST instructions (SI), standard instructions with access to “control” (SI Control), or one of two cognitive interventions (CI) that (1) increased familiarity and helped participants prepare coping strategies (CI Coping), or (2) shifted goal orientation from self-promotion to helping others (CI Compassionate Goals). ACTH and cortisol were obtained before and after stress exposure via intravenous catheter. Results Control alone had no effect. CI Compassionate Goals significantly reduced ACTH and cortisol responses to the TSST; CI Coping raised baseline levels. Compassionate Goals reduced hormonal responses without reducing subjective anxiety, stress or fear, while increasing expression of pro-social intentions and focus on helping others. Conclusions Brief intervention to shift focus from competitive self-promotion to a goal orientation of helping-others can reduce HPA-axis activation to a potent psychosocial stressor. This supports the potential for developing brief interventions as inoculation tools to reduce the impact of predictable stressors and lends support to growing evidence that compassion and altruistic goals can moderate the effects of stress.
Cluster I/O with River: making the fast case common

We introduce River, a data-flow programming environment and I/O substrate for clusters of computers. River is designed to provide maximum performance in the common case — even in the face of nonuniformities in hardware, software, and workload. River is based on two simple design features: a high-performance distributed queue, and a storage redundancy mechanism called graduated declustering. We have implemented a number of data-intensive applications on River, which validate our design with near-ideal performance in a variety of non-uniform performance scenarios.
Examination of a PHEV bidirectional charger system for V2G reactive power compensation

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) potentially have the capability to fulfill the energy storage needs of the electric grid by supplying ancillary services such as reactive power compensation, voltage regulation, and peak shaving. However, in order to allow bidirectional power transfer, the PHEV battery charger should be designed to manage such capability. While many different battery chargers have been available since the inception of the first electric vehicles (EVs), on-board, conductive chargers with bidirectional power transfer capability have recently drawn attention due to their inherent advantages in charging accessibility, ease of use, and efficiency. In this paper, a reactive power compensation case study using just the inverter dc-link capacitor is evaluated when a PHEV battery is under charging operation. Finally, the impact of providing these services on the batteries is also explained.
How do we Talk to Each other? Writing Qualitative Research for Quantitative Readers

The growth of qualitative research holds the potential for vastly enriching our understanding of phenomena in the health sciences. However, the potential of this trend is hampered by a widespread inability of quantitative and qualitative researchers to talk to each other. The authors' concern in this area grows out of our experience reviewing small grant applications for the National Institute on Aging, where they frequently find qualitative research proposals scoring worse than do those using quantitative approaches. This article addresses practical problems in communicating qualitative research to readers whose training and experience is primarily quantitative. Two themes running through the discussion are the need for detail and the explicit tying of methodological strategies to research goals.
The Leader/Member Attribution Process

The literature regarding leader and member attributional responses is reviewed and an interactive attributional model is proposed. Combinations of leader and member attributions considered in conjunction with the literature on attributional biases suggest that, under some conditions, conflicting attributions may occur. Strategies for maintaining healthy and productive leader/member interactions are proposed and implications of the model for the wider context of leader/member relations are discussed.
Effect of mating structure on variation in linkage disequilibrium.

Measurement of linkage disequilibrium involves two sampling processes. First, there is the sampling of gametes in the population to form successive generations, and this generates disequilibrium dependent on the effective population size (Ne) and the mating structure. Second, there is sampling of a finite number (n) of individuals to estimate the population disequilibrium.——Two-locus descent measures are used to describe the mating system and are transformed to disequilibrium moments at the final sampling. Approximate eigenvectors for the transition matrix of descent measures are used to obtain formulae for the variance of the observed disequilibria as a function of Ne, mating structure, n, and linkage or recombination parameter.——The variance of disequilibrium is the same for monoecious populations with or without random selfing and for dioecious populations with random pairing for each progeny. With monogamy, the variance is slightly higher, the proportional difference being greater for unlinked loci.
A Phase-Shift Ultrasonic Flowmeter

An ultrasonic flowmeter using phase-shift techniques has been developed to measure phasic blood flow in animals. Lead zirconate titanate transducers are located diagonally opposed over the vessel so that 1-Mc ultrasound may be transmitted alternately upstream and downstream. The upstream and downstream transit times are measured by heterodyning the 1-Mc receiver crystal output to 10 kc, and then feeding this signal to an audio phasemeter. The phasemeter output is an ac signal whose magnitude represents flow velocity, and phase (relative to the chopper drive) indicates flow direction. The phasemeter output is amplified and synchronously detected to drive a recorder
The Gene ygdP, Associated with the Invasiveness ofEscherichia coli K1, Designates a Nudix Hydrolase, Orf176, Active on Adenosine (5′)-Pentaphospho-(5′)-adenosine (Ap5A)

ygdP, a gene associated with the invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells by Escherichia coli K1 (Badger, J. L., Wass, C. A., and Kim, K. S. (2000) Mol. Microbiol. 36, 174–182), the primary Gram-negative bacterium causing meningitis in newborns, has been cloned and expressed in E. coli. The protein, YgdP, was purified to near homogeneity and identified as a member of the Nudix hydrolase subfamily of dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatases. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of diadenosine tetra-, penta-, and hexa-phosphates with a preference for diadenosinepenta-phosphate, from which it forms ATP and ADP. The enzyme has a requirement for a divalent metal cation that can be met with Mg2+, Zn2+, or Mn2+ and, like most of the Nudix hydrolases, has an alkaline pH optimum between 8.5 and 9. This is the second identification of a gene associated with the invasiveness of a human pathogen as a member of the Nudix hydrolase subfamily of dinucleoside oligophosphate pyrophosphatases, and an examination of homologous proteins in other invasive bacteria suggests that this may be a common feature of cellular invasion.
The survival of bacteria in dust: III. The effect of light on the survival of bacteria in dust.

The effects of daylight, low-intensity ultra-violet radiation, fluorescent lighting, and tungsten-filament lighting on the survival of dust flora have been studied, at room humidities of about 60% and under dry conditions. The first three radiations all cause a significantly enhanced death-rate at room humidities for all the groups of organisms studied. The effect appears to be limited in extent and to be complete in about 10 days. The action of the radiations is much slower under dry conditions.
Pressure-induced kinetics of the α to ω transition in zirconium

Diamond anvil cells (DAC) coupled with x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements are one of the primary techniques for investigating structural stability of materials at high pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. DAC-XRD has been predominantly used to resolve structural information at set P-T conditions and, consequently, provides P-T phase diagram information on a broad range of materials. With advances in large scale synchrotron x-ray facilities and corresponding x-ray diagnostic capabilities, it is now becoming possible to perform sub-second time resolved measurements on micron sized DAC samples. As a result, there is an opportunity to gain valuable information about the kinetics of structural phase transformations and extend our understanding of material behavior at high P-T conditions. Using DAC-XRD time resolved measurements, we have investigated the kinetics of the α to ω transformation in zirconium. We observe a clear time and pressure dependence in the martensitic α-ω transition as a function of pressure-jump, i.e., drive pressure. The resulting data are fit using available kinetics models, which can provide further insight into transformation mechanism that influence transformation kinetics. Our results help shed light on the discrepancies observed in previous measurements of the α-ω transition pressure in zirconium.
Asymmetries in production of the top quark

I give an overview of the experimental results on the top quark production asymmetries from the Tevatron and LHC. Particular attention is given to the discussion of the comparison of the results from these two machines.
Paris 1919 and Rome 1998: Different Treaties, Different Presidents, Different Senates, and the Same Dilemma

The purpose of this paper is to compare similarities between the policies of the United States regarding the 1919 Treaty of Peace, which included what may be considered an international criminal court, and the 1998 Rome Treaty of the International Criminal Court. Four entities will be compared: positions of United States delegations that participated in the negotiations for the courts, the criminal courts created by the 1919 and 1998 treaties, positions of presidents, and positions of Senates.
Complex-valued time-series correlation increases sensitivity in FMRI analysis.

Abstract Purpose To develop a linear matrix representation of correlation between complex-valued (CV) time-series in the temporal Fourier frequency domain, and demonstrate its increased sensitivity over correlation between magnitude-only (MO) time-series in functional MRI (fMRI) analysis. Materials and methods The standard in fMRI is to discard the phase before the statistical analysis of the data, despite evidence of task related change in the phase time-series. With a real-valued isomorphism representation of Fourier reconstruction, correlation is computed in the temporal frequency domain with CV time-series data, rather than with the standard of MO data. A MATLAB simulation compares the Fisher-z transform of MO and CV correlations for varying degrees of task related magnitude and phase amplitude change in the time-series. The increased sensitivity of the complex-valued Fourier representation of correlation is also demonstrated with experimental human data. Since the correlation description in the temporal frequency domain is represented as a summation of second order temporal frequencies, the correlation is easily divided into experimentally relevant frequency bands for each voxel's temporal frequency spectrum. The MO and CV correlations for the experimental human data are analyzed for four voxels of interest (VOIs) to show the framework with high and low contrast-to-noise ratios in the motor cortex and the supplementary motor cortex. Results The simulation demonstrates the increased strength of CV correlations over MO correlations for low magnitude contrast-to-noise time-series. In the experimental human data, the MO correlation maps are noisier than the CV maps, and it is more difficult to distinguish the motor cortex in the MO correlation maps after spatial processing. Conclusions Including both magnitude and phase in the spatial correlation computations more accurately defines the correlated left and right motor cortices. Sensitivity in correlation analysis is important to preserve the signal of interest in fMRI data sets with high noise variance, and avoid excessive processing induced correlation.
THE PRACTICE OF PEDIATRICS CHANGING TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

In order to gather more information about the current trends in pediatric practice in one locality, a study was done in 1958 to ascertain what the pediatricians in the State of Washington were doing; whether they were satisfied with their practice; and if their training had adequately prepared them for practice. Information about the nature and extent of pediatric care done by the general practitioner, which was available from a 1957 study in the State of Washington made it possible to compare certain aspects of pediatric care as practiced by the general practitioner with those same aspects of pediatric care as practiced by the pediatrician. Some attempt was made to try to compare the findings of this study with relevant information given in other studies. In general, it was found that in the State of Washington well-child care and the treatment of upper respiratory infections occupies much of the pediatrician9s time. Time spent in well-child care was approximately equal to that spent in sick-child care—a contrast to the experience of the present-day general practitioner and to pediatric practice in former times. Treatment of certain kinds of diseases has ostensibly increased somewhat in the past two decades, and treatment of accidents is now part of pediatric care. Some conclusions about the adequacy of medical school training are also presented.
Screening of Helminthosporium gramineum Ophiobolin A Producing Mutants Created with Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration

Ophiobolin A is sesterterpenoid-type phytotoxin with potential for weeds and diseases control.The restriction enzyme-mediated integration(REMI) was used to introduce the plasmid pSH75 into the ophiobolin A-producing Helminthosporium gramineum.Mutants with lower toxicity were selected with bioassay of the cell-free cultural filtrates.And the amount of ophiobolin A of lower toxicity mutants was detected with HPLC.In comparison with wild-type strain,the cell-free cultural filtrates of 6 REMI transformants showed significantly less inhibition on mycelial growth of plant pathogen Rhizoctoni solani,and therefore were categorized into lower toxicity mutants.Among the 6 strains,strains B014 and B016 produced no detectable ophiobolin A as measured with HPLC.Strains H002 and B018 produced less ophiobolin A in comparison with wild-type strain.These mutants might be useful for tagging and cloning genes related to ophiobolin A production in the future.This research also suggested REMI as a potential approach for improving the production of ophiobolin A by H.gramineum via genetic engineering.
Investigation on Foci severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Lu-jiang County

Objective To explore the infection status and the characteristics of distribution of the severe fever with hrombocytopenia syndrome( SFTS) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis( HGA) in Lujiang,to clarify the existance of new SFTSV and HGA natural foci in Lujiang County,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of the diseases.Methods Cases of HGA and SFTS during 2009-2013 were collected and analyzed. A town where has case was selected.Multi-stage random sampling method was used to randomly extract 2 villages which were near by the case home,according to the principle of informed consent,100 serum samples of people in rural area and 15 samples of gore and serum livestock were collected. Double antibody sandwich was used to detect the antibody level of SFTSV. Indirect fluorescence assay was used to detect the antibody level of HGA. Nested polymerase chain reaction( PCR) was used to detect the antibody level of phagocytes anaplasma 16 SrRNA Gene. Results Nine SFTS and 1 HGA cases were reported during 2009-2013,mainly in middle-aged. More female than male,the peak season incidence of SFTS and HGA were summer and autumn. Among those100 serum samples of people,the antibody positive rate reached 24%. SFTSV positive rate was 0%. Among those 15 serum samples of livestock,the number of positive SFTSV was 6,positive HGA was 9,the number of positive SFTSV and HGA was 5,both SFTSV nucleic acids and HGA antibodies were negative. Conclusions Rural areas of Lujiang are the endemic area of SFTSV and HGA. Infections are found in both people and livestock,livestock may be host animals. The propaganda of knowledge,training the doctors and rapid diagnostic ability should be enhanced.
Mental status assessment of parents of HFMD children and the effects of intervention on rehabilitation of children

Objective To explore the effect of HFMD children parents on the rehabilitation of children.Methods One hundred and fifty cases of with HFMD were collected anda divided into highly educated group,highly ducated group and low ducated groupaccording to the level of education.Then anxiety index of parents SAS score and BAI score as well as the children's condition index were observed.Results SAS score,BAI score were highly educated parents group academic parents group low education parents before and after intervention,the higher education degree of patients,the less time of hospitalization and number of transferred.Conclusion Appropriate interventions given according to the education degree of parents can effectively improve the anxiety emotion of parents and the recovery of children.
In situ anterior vaginal wall sling.

PURPOSE The aim of this article is to review the indications, technique, and outcomes of the in situ anterior vaginal wall sling (AVWS) for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The operative techniques and the published literature on outcomes of the AVWS were reviewed. RESULTS Success rates in the range from 70% to 95% were noted. Some authors found that patients with a lower Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) had lower success rates than those with a higher VLPP. CONCLUSIONS The AVWS is a technically straightforward minimally invasive procedure for treatment of stress urinary incontinence that minimizes patient morbidity and avoids some of the potential problems associated with other sling materials.
Developmental expression of protein kinase C activity in Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract The multicellular parasite Schistosoma mansoni undergoes complex physiologic changes during development from infective cercariae to adult worms in the mammalian host. The present study examined changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activity in S. mansoni during parasite maturation. Activation of PKC required Ca+2, phosphatidylserine, and either diacylglycerol or phorbol ester similar to mammalian PKC enzyme. A nine-fold increase in total PKC activity was found in adult worms as compared with larval parasites. Transformation of infective cercariae to parasitic schistosomula was associated with translocation of PKC activity from the cytosolic to membrane fraction. Tegumental extracts demonstrated significant PKC activity, suggesting a signal transduction system in the surface of the parasite. These data indicate that PKC activity is differentially expressed during parasite development and may have critical roles in regulation of cellular events in S. mansoni.