cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

The objective of this study was to present nationally representative findings on sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn (DSM-IV) substance, mood and anxiety disorders using the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. One-year incidence rates of DSM-IV substance, mood and anxiety disorders were highest for alcohol abuse (1.02), alcohol dependence (1.70), major depressive disorder (MDD; 1.51) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; 1.12). Incidence rates were significantly greater (P<0.01) among men for substance use disorders and greater among women for mood and anxiety disorders except bipolar disorders and social phobia. Age was inversely related to all disorders. Black individuals were at decreased risk of incident alcohol abuse and Hispanic individuals were at decreased risk of GAD. Anxiety disorders at baseline more often predicted incidence of other anxiety disorders than mood disorders. Reciprocal temporal relationships were found between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. Borderline and schizotypal personality disorders predicted most incident disorders. Incidence rates of substance, mood and anxiety disorders were comparable to or greater than rates of lung cancer, stroke and cardiovascular disease. The greater incidence of all disorders in the youngest cohort underscores the need for increased vigilance in identifying and treating these disorders among young adults. Strong common factors and unique factors appear to underlie associations between alcohol abuse and dependence, MDD and GAD, and GAD and panic disorder. The major results of this study are discussed with regard to prevention and treatment implications.
A New Robust Method for Nonlinear Regression.

Background: When outliers are present, the least squares method of nonlinear regression performs poorly. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a robust alternative technique to the Ordinary Least Squares nonlinear regression method. This new robust nonlinear regression method can provide accurate parameter estimates when outliers and/or influential observations are present. Method: Real and simulated data for drug concentration and tumor size-metastasis are used to assess the performance of this new estimator. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the robustness of our new method in comparison with the Ordinary Least Squares method. Results: In simulated data with outliers, this new estimator of regression parameters seems to outperform the Ordinary Least Squares with respect to bias, mean squared errors, and mean estimated parameters. Two algorithms have been proposed. Additionally and for the sake of computational ease and illustration, a Mathematica program has been provided in the Appendix. Conclusion: The accuracy of our robust technique is superior to that of the Ordinary Least Squares. The robustness and simplicity of computations make this new technique more appropriate and useful tool for the analysis of nonlinear regressions.
Epidemiology and Infectious Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Positive Patients

From July 1, 1991 to March 31, 1992, 156 patients (pts) with positive antibody titers to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were seen in our clinic. A retrospective review of the epidemiology and infectious complicaions of these patients is presented.
Bathroom Mixing: Youth Negotiate Democratization in Postconflict Bosnia and Herzegovina

Consociational democracy, as a political project of passive coexistence and agreement among ethnic elites, has been shaping sociopolitical processes in the world's postconflict regions, including Northern Ireland, Lebanon, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). In BiH, this political model, when combined with continuous governance by the International Community, solidifies war-generated ethnic segregation and erodes state sovereignty. Furthermore, these political, social, and spatial arrangements lead to the institutionalized separation of ethnic groups and territories in BiH. At the famous Mostar Gymnasium, my primary research site, this is manifested in the simultaneous unification of the school management and segregation of classroom spaces, classroom instruction, and students along the ethnic lines. The implementation of a top-down cartography of peace building at the school led to the destruction of common spaces for students to interact. This spatial ethnic division limited what the students call, in the local vernacular, mijesanje (mixing). I understand mixing as a long-standing cultural practice of interconnectedness and intermingling among ethnic groups. This article pays special attention to the practices of bathroom mixing at the school that unfolded alongside the consociational model of democracy and the history of mixing as an interethnic social order. Focusing on bathroom mixing illuminates the paradoxes and unintended effects of the spatial governmentality of peace-building in BiH.
Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in patients aged seventy and older

Abstract Background Life expectancy is increasing, with more elderly people categorized as obese. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) on patients aged≥70 years. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patients aged≥70 years who underwent LAGB at our university hospital between 2003 and 2011. The data included age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and percentage excess weight loss (%EWL) obtained before and after gastric banding. Operative data, length of stay, postoperative complications, and resolution of co-morbid conditions were also analyzed. Results Fifty-five patients aged≥70 years (mean 73 years) underwent gastric banding between 2003 and 2012. Mean preoperative weight and BMI were 123 kilograms and 45 kg/m2, respectively. On average, each patient had 4 co-morbidities preoperatively, with hypertension (n = 49; 86%), dyslipidemia (n = 40; 70%), and sleep apnea (n = 31; 54%) being the most common. Mean operating room (OR) time was 49 minutes, with all patients discharged within 24 hours. There was 1 death at 4 years from myocardial infarction, no intensive care unit admissions, and no 30-day readmissions. Mean %EWL at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 36 (±12.7), 40 (±16.4), 42 (±19.2), 41 (±17.1), 50 (±14.9), and 48 (±22.6), respectively. Follow-up rates ranged from 55/55 (100%) at 6 months to 7/9 (78%) of eligible patients at 5 years and 2/2 (100%) at 8 years. Complications included 1 band slip at year 5, 1 band removed for intolerance, and 1 port site hernia. The resolution of hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, lower back pain, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes was 27%, 28%, 35%, 31%, and 35%, respectively. Conclusions LAGB as a primary treatment for obesity in carefully selected patients aged≥70 can be well tolerated and effective with moderate resolution of co-morbid conditions and few complications.
The Metaphor of Scaffolding Its Utility for the Field of Learning Disabilities

Over the past 20 years, an increasing number of psychologists and educators have used the notion of scaffolding as a metaphor for the process by which adults (and more knowledgeable peers) guide children's learning and development. The purpose of the present article is to provide a critical analysis of the scaffolding metaphor, with particular emphasis on its applications to the case of atypical learners. In the initial sections of the article, the origins and early applications of the metaphor are sketched. With this as background, criticisms of the metaphor raised by others are reviewed, and a proposal for an enriched version of the metaphor is presented. At the heart of the proposed revision is an emphasis on the communicational dynamics and conceptual reorganization involved in adult-child interactions. With an enriched metaphor as a frame, the next section reviews applications of the scaffolding metaphor to the study of parent-child interactions and teacher-student instructional activities involving children with learning disabilities. The strengths and limitations of this work are evaluated, and proposals are made for how to reap further benefits from applications of the scaffolding metaphor to analyses of the development and instruction of children with learning disabilities.
Multimedia information based deflection strategies for the Manhattan Street MAN

Delay sensitive and loss sensitive classes of traffic are introduced simultaneously on the Manhattan Street Network (MSN) in conjunction with alternate routing strategies. Results are presented from simulating an 8 /spl times/ 8 MSN with input buffers. It is shown that static priority assignment with age deflection will improve both classes' delay performance. The choice of routing strategy also depends on the desired quality of service (QOS) requirement. >
Electrolytic regeneration of the reduced from the oxidized form of immobilized NAD

A covalently bound adduct of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) with alginic acid has been found to be enzymatically active and to undergo electrochemical oxidation or reduction without significant loss of its enzymatic activity. The preparation of the adduct itself (from NAD+, alginic acid, and 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate) is also accomplished with substantially complete retention of enzymatic activity. This adduct has been converted from the oxidized to the reduced form by controlled potential electrolysis using mercury and stainless-steel electrodes. This electrolytically produced NADH complex could be oxidized again to the enzymatically active NAD+ complex by enzymatic reaction with the proton acceptor, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol, as catalyzed by diaphorase. Using this electrolytic method with immobilized NAD, it is now possible to carry out redox reactions in which NADH is enzymatically oxidized to NAD+, with the simultaneous electrolytic regeneration of the reduced form, NADH, from the oxidized form, NAD+, produced in the enzymatic reaction.
The rhythm of joint action: Synchrony promotes cooperative ability

Abstract Although evidence has suggested that coordinated action enhances rapport and fosters cooperation, the possibility that it might also influence the ability to pursue joint goals has yet to be demonstrated. We show that rocking in synchrony enhanced individuals’ perceptual sensitivity to the motion of other entities and thereby increased their success in a subsequent joint-action task that required the ability to dynamically detect and respond appropriately to a partner’s movements. These findings support the view that in addition to fostering social cohesion, synchrony hones the abilities that allow individuals to functionally direct their cooperative motives.
Genetic relatedness of the Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) to nearby subspecies of Z. hudsonius as inferred from variation in cranial morphology, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA: implications for taxonomy and conservation

The Preble’s meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) is listed as a threatened subspecies under the United States Endangered Species Act (US-ESA). The quantitative description of this subspecies was based on cranial measurements of only three adult specimens. It is one of twelve subspecies of Z. hudsonius and is a peripheral population at the western edge of its range. We tested the uniqueness of Z. h. preblei relative to other nearby subspecies of Z. hudsonius using a hypothesis testing approach and analyses of cranial morphometric, mtDNA sequence and nuclear microsatellite data obtained from museum specimens and archived tissues. Morphometric analysis of variance did not support the original description of Z. h. preblei as a subspecies. Principal component analysis of these data showed Z. h. preblei within the range of variation found in Z. h. campestris and Z. h. intermedius. Discriminant analysis correctly classified only 42% of Z. h. preblei skulls at jackknifed posterior probabilities >0.95 relative to Z. h. campestris. All mtDNA haplotypes found in Z. h. preblei were also found in Z. h. campestris. Simulation based estimates of current and historical gene flow (MDIV) revealed low, but non-zero, mtDNA gene flow among Z. h. preblei and several nearby subspecies. Analyses of five nuclear microsatellite loci using population pairwise FST, BAPS and STRUCTURE were consistent with morphometric and mtDNA results. These revealed low levels of genetic structure and evidence of recent gene flow and bottlenecks inZ.h.preblei. Due to a lack of clearly recognisable genetic, morphological, or adaptive differences, we synonymise Z. h. preblei and Z. h. intermedius with Z. h. campestris. We suggest that candidates for listing under the US-ESA, or similar biodiversity laws, be evaluated for genetic and/or morphological uniqueness to prevent the misallocation of resources to non-distinct taxa like Z. h. preblei.
THERMAL AND MOISTURE EXPANSION OF BALL CLAYS AND BODIES FIRED TO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Thermal-expansion and moisture-expansion determinations were made on four kaolins of the Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and English types alone and on typical semivitreous, hotel china, and electrical porcelain bodies embodying each of these kaolins after being fired at cones 6, 9, and 11. The Georgia and Florida kaolins and bodies showed surprisingly similar expansion characteristics. The general order of decreasing thermal expansion and increasing moisture expansion of the kaolins at all three firing treatments was Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and English china. The semivitreous bodies at cones 6 and 9 showed the same order of expansion as the kaolins alone, but at cone 11 the thermal expansion of the English china clay body was the highest and the North Carolina kaolin body next in order. Moisture expansion of the bodies at cone 11 was found to be a function of the absorption, regardless of the kaolin used with no expansion obtaining at zero absorption. Mixtures of clay, flint, and feldspar, given an autoclave treatment after being fired to cones 6 and 9, showed that feldspar additions increased moisture expansion. When these mixtures were dehydrated at different temperatures, the data obtained were insufficient to confirm any theory on the nature of moisture expansion in a porous ceramic body.
Pricing uncertainties and inter-temporal constraints: By whom, to whom and how much?

This paper recognizes that short-run marginal cost-based electricity pricing must be revisited. This is primarily because the effects of information asymmetries and diverse technical characteristics and preferences in a system with very little storage are no longer second order. We review three possible implementations of electricity markets that account for these effects. These are fully centralized unit commitment, distributed unit commitment and a hybrid unit commitment. The locational marginal prices (LMPs) obtained are quite different than the short run marginal costs of the power plants. A major recommendation is made that these differences and effects be accounted for as policy is designed for managing uncertainties and inter-temporal constraints and for valuing their effects on pricing. In particular, design of IT-enabled rules, rights and responsibilities (3Rs) for managing and valuing the effects of uncertainties is suggested to be essential. Possible 3Rs for supporting interactive integration of wind power and adaptive load management in systems with large wind penetration are used to illustrate proof-of-concept implementation of such systems without reliability problems. We recommend to pursue studies of the 3Rs impact on the performance of real-world electric energy systems.
Scrotal herniation of the bladder secondary to prostate enlargement.

The roentgenographic findings of scrotal herniation of the bladder were first described by Levine in 1951.’ The term scrotal cystocele was used to describe the rare clinical condition of massive inguinoscrotal herniation of the bladder. Involvement of the bladder in inguinal hernias is not rare. However, herniation of a large portion of the bladder is uncommon. We report a case of massive inguinoscrotal herniation of the bladder secondary to large benign prostate hypertrophy. CASE REPORT A 78-year-old man presented with severe nocturia, a weak urinary stream, excessive straining and the need to squeeze the scrotum manually to void completely. Physical examination revealed a markedly enlarged prostate gland and a right inguinal hernia. Surgical history was significant for multiple repairs of the right inguinal hernia. Computerized tomography (CT) of the pelvis demonstrated a prostate gland measuring approximately 8 X 8 X 7 cm. (fig. 1, A). Subsequent images revealed the opacified bladder within the right inguinal canal, extending into the right hemiscrotum (fig. 1, B). Delayed supine images on excretory urography (Np) showed a large right inguinoscrotal herniation of the bladder with no evidence of ureteral displacement or dilatation (fig. 2). A simple retropubic prostatectomy revealed a 211 gm. benign prostate gland. The herniated portion of the bladder was reduced and elective hernioplasty was planned. DISCUSSION Herniation of the bladder may present as part of an obturator, ventral, ischiorectal, peritoneal or sciatic hernia. When the bladder is distended, it may also herniate into any pelvic or abdominal opening within its reach.2 Herniation of the bladder may be classified according to its relationship to the peritoneum. Paraperitoneal herniation is most common and is much more likely to be indirect. The bladder remains extraperitoneal being medial and alongside of the parietal
Fast multiply and divide for a VLSI floating-point unit

This paper presents the design of a fast and area-efficient multiply-divide unit used in building a VLSI floating-point processor (FPU), conforming to the IEEE standard 754. Details of the algorithms, implementation techniques and design tradeoffs are presented, The multiplier and divider are implemented in 2 micron CMOS technology with two layers of metal, and occupy 23 square mm (23% of the entire FPU). We expect to perform extended-precision multiplication and division in 1.1 and 2.8 microseconds, respectively.
Automated Interpretable Membership Functions in Human Gait

The authors have developed a system to diagnose an impairment or disorder and to identify the point at which this impairment has occurred. Notably the experienced clinician continues to perform functional gait assessment in the absence of new advances. Conventional gait therapy for patients that have suffered a debilitating trauma involves many human factors that can be, at times, arbitrary, and often times inconsistent. The aim of this paper is the application of a fuzzy inference engine to emulate human reasoning in assessing functional impairments. This involves the application of fuzzy sets theory to analyze and to interpret human gait for automated diagnosis and therapy. Preliminary results are presented using the VICON motion capture system as the environment.
Science and engineering education: Europe--U.S.A.

A definition of basic philosophy for our future education is given, and the implications with regard to our future teaching system are analyzed. Then the European primary and secondary education, and automatic selection in the precollege year are discussed. The teaching system in a European engineering school is explained, and a discussion of the main results of the 1957 International Conference on Engineering Education and Training, in Paris, is included. Finally, it is explained why, in many fields of science and engineering, the European university education appears superior to ours.
Predicting Fracture in Micrometer-Scale Polycrystalline Silicon MEMS Structures

Designing reliable MEMS structures presents numerous challenges. Polycrystalline silicon fractures in a brittle manner with considerable variability in measured strength. Furthermore, it is not clear how to use measured tensile strength data to predict the strength of a complex MEMS structure. To address such issues, two recently developed high-throughput MEMS tensile test techniques have been used to estimate strength distribution tails by testing approximately 1500 tensile bars. There is strong evidence that the micromachined polycrystalline silicon that was tested in this paper has a lower bound to its tensile strength (i.e., a strength threshold). Process-induced sidewall flaws appear to be the main source of the variability in tensile strength. Variations in as-fabricated dimensions, stress inhomogeneity within a polycrystal, and variations in the apparent fracture toughness do not appear to be dominant contributors to tensile strength variability. The existence of a strength threshold implies that there is maximum flaw size, which consequently enables a linear elastic fracture mechanics flaw-tolerance analysis. This approach was used to estimate a lower bound for the strength of a double edge-notched specimen that compared favorably with our measured values.
Can networked hospital performance comparisons be linked with total quality management? A scenario based on the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council.

The Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council publishes annually performance comparisons on hospitals in nine regions of the state. As a result, hospitals are under public pressure to use these data in Total Quality Management programs. This article illustrates both the opportunity and the risk that pub licly funded information poses for hospitals.
The inferior accessory hepatic vein: an anatomic landmark in adrenal vein sampling.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of the inferior accessory hepatic vein (IAHV) as an anatomic marker for the right adrenal vein (RAV) for adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and the use of a renal double curve (RDC) catheter to sample the RAV. Materials and Methods In 73 patients undergoing AVS, an RDC catheter was first directed laterally and withdrawn from the hepatic vein confluence inferiorly. If the catheter engaged the IAHV, this location was documented. A search for the RAV was conducted using the standard technique. If the IAHV was present, its distance from the RAV was measured. Alternate catheters and ultimately successful shape were recorded. A sequential poststimulation technique was used in all patients. Results The IAHV was found in 42 of 73 patients (58%). The mean RAV to IAHV distance was 4.4 mm ± 4.7 (range 0–20 mm); it was 5 mm or less in 30 of 42 patients (71%) with an IAHV or 30 of 73 (41%) patients overall. In patients with an IAHV, RAV sampling was successful in 40 of 42 (95%). In 61 of 73 patients (84%), the RDC catheter was successful in localizing the RAV. In those patients, the RAV sample was adequate in 60 of 61 (98%) versus 9 of 12 (75%) in the remainder ( P = .013). Overall, AVS was technically successful in 67 of 73 patients (92%). Conclusions The IAHV, when present, may help localize the RAV; this knowledge could help increase diagnostic yield for less experienced operators. The RDC catheter has a high yield in RAV sampling.
Web 2.0 Technologies in Higher Education Teaching: A Practical Introduction

Web 2.0 tools are websites that are interactive, allowing users not only to read information but also to create products and interact with others. These tools offer new opportunities for designing instruction for heightened student engagement, particularly with “digital natives.” Yet often faculty are unaware of what these tools can do, are uncertain of how to use them, and leery of the time required to design instruction incorporating them. This paper is a very practical introduction to using common Web 2.0 tools including wikis, blogs, and social bookmarking sites. Sample assignments developed and used by the author or described in the literature are described. These assignments are adaptable for use in a variety of disciplines. Wikis are very useful for group work. Blogs can be used effectively for journals and independent studies. Social bookmarking can enhance organization and sharing of professional web resources. Specific tips for setting up and working with the sites are given as well as recommended resources including handouts and videos that introduce the sites. Other types of Web 2.0/social networking sites with promise for use in higher education, such as multimedia production sites, are briefly described and specific sites recommended. Faculty members are encouraged to start with one simple assignment and then expand.
In vivo chronic myocardial infarction characterization by spin locked cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is frequently used to evaluate myocardial viability, estimate total infarct size and transmurality, but is not always straightforward is and contraindicated in patients with renal failure because of the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. T2- and T1-weighted CMR alone is however relatively insensitive to chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in the absence of a contrast agent. The objective of this manuscript is to explore T1ρ-weighted rotating frame CMR techniques for infarct characterization without contrast agents. We hypothesize that T1ρ CMR accurately measures infarct size in chronic MI on account of a large change in T1ρ relaxation time between scar and myocardium. 7Yorkshire swine underwent CMR at 8 weeks post-surgical induction of apical or posterolateral myocardial infarction. Late gadolinium enhanced and T1ρ CMR were performed at high resolution to visualize MI. T1ρ-weighted imaging was performed with a B1 = 500 Hz spin lock pulse on a 3 T clinical MR scanner. Following sacrifice, the heart was excised and infarct size was calculated by optical planimetry. Infarct size was calculated for all three methods (LGE, T1ρ and planimetry) and statistical analysis was performed. T1ρ relaxation time maps were computed from multiple T1ρ-weighted images at varying spin lock duration. Mean infarct contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in LGE and T1ρ CMR was 2.8 ± 0.1 and 2.7 ± 0.1. The variation in signal intensity of tissues was found to be, in order of decreasing signal intensity, LV blood, fat and edema, infarct and healthy myocardium. Infarct size measured by T1ρ CMR (21.1% ± 1.4%) was not significantly different from LGE CMR (22.2% ± 1.5%) or planimetry (21.1% ± 2.7%; p < 0.05).T1ρ relaxation times were T1ρinfarct = 91.7 ms in the infarct and T1ρremote = 47.2 ms in the remote myocardium. T1ρ-weighted imaging using long spin locking pulses enables high discrimination between infarct and myocardium. T1ρ CMR may be useful to visualizing MI without the need for exogenous contrast agents for a wide range of clinical cardiac applications such as to distinguish edema and scar tissue and tissue characterization of myocarditis and ventricular fibrosis.
Estimating diversity for body-worn antennas

In this paper, we present a modified diversity evaluation method for body-worn antenna systems. The novelty introduced in this method amounts to considering only the human body interactions and indirectly assessing the environment effects. Thus, this formulation can be adapted easily to any environment. The environment is modelled through the polarization and incident angle of the incoming and outgoing waves. Thus, only changes in the post-processing are involved in order to account for different environments minimizing the computation time. The body interactions are either included via measurements or simulations. The simulations, specifically, include three human postures (standing, kneeling, and prone) to increase generality and the effectiveness of the antenna configurations. Initially, a variety of single body-worn antenna configurations are investigated to study the body effects on the antenna performance and determine the optimum antenna mounting position. From this study, the optimum configurations based on communication data throughput and cost are identified. The operation frequency is 500 MHz – 600 MHz and the environment setup includes upper hemisphere incoming directions and random polarization.
Medical Robotics and the Operating Room of the Future

Medical robotics is an evolving field with a relatively short history and limited market penetration, although some recent systems have shown some commercial success. Nevertheless, medical robotics shows great promise for improving patient care and may become a key component in the operating room of the future (ORF), where high technology equipment will be integrated with medical imaging. This paper gives an overview of the medical robotics field and summarizes a recent ORF workshop in which participants concluded that standards are critical for an integrated approach
Client–project manager engagements, trust, and loyalty

This study addresses the behaviors of project managers under various conditions of cognitive and affective trust, and the implications for obtaining client loyalty. Theoretical foundations were drawn from interpersonal and interorganizational trust literature. A test of the proposed theoretical framework was conducted in a field setting utilizing a matched design of both project managers and their clients. The results show that reliable project performance positively impacted client loyalty intentions and service-oriented OCBs positively impacted client secondary retention. An interaction showed that in low cognitive trust situations the project manager behavior of reliable project performance facilitated the obtainment of client loyalty intentions. Implications for research and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Legal and ethical aspects of treating critically and terminally ill patients

Legal and ethical aspects of treating critically and terminally ill patients, Edited by Doudera, A.E. and Peters, J.D. (AUPHA Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982), 344 pages, $27.00.
Seeking Best Practices and Meeting the Needs of the English Language Learners: Using Second Language Theories and Integrating Technology in Teaching.

A noticeable national trend in schools today is the rapid increase in the number of the English language learners. The widespread use of technology in classrooms is another trend today. In combining these two trends, this paper discusses the best practices that teachers can use in classrooms to work effectively with English language learners (ELLs) by integrating technology combined with second language theories. Specifically, the paper focuses on three aspects of the discussion. First, it provides the background information on the ELL school population and the growth. Second, it discusses four practices working with ELLs. These four practices are increasing comprehensible input, encouraging social collaboration, relating to the real world and providing supportive learning environments. Each is discussed with integration of technology combined with second language (L2) theories. Finally, the paper urges educators to acknowledge the two trends and see best instructional practices to meet the needs of the ELLs and all students.
Investigation of the Excited State Structure of DCM via Ultrafast Electronic Pump/Vibrational Probe†

Time resolved visible pump, infrared probe transient absorption measurements of the solutes 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-(dimethylamino)styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) and its isotopomer DCM-d6 are employed to probe the dynamics of charge transfer state formation in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile (MeCN). We observe a two stage charge transfer (CT): the first step is an instrument-response-limited charge separation to the dicyanomethylene group, and the second involves a structural evolution of the dimethylamino group. Theoretical calculations and isotopic substitution indicate that the observed vibration is due to the dimethylamino group twisting out of plane, stabilizing the charge separation.
Conservation of structure and subunit interactions in yeast homologues of splicing factor 3b (SF3b) subunits

Human SAP 49, a subunit of the multimeric splicing factor 3b (SF3b), contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and binds another SF3b subunit called SAP 145, whose yeast homologue is CUS1. Here we show that the predicted yeast open reading frame YOR319w (HSH49) encodes an essential yeast splicing factor. Using bacterially expressed proteins, we find that yeast HSH49 binds CUS1. Mutations that alter putative RNA-binding residues of either HSH49 RRM are lethal in vivo, but do not prevent binding to CUS1 in vitro, suggesting that the predicted RNA-binding surfaces of HSH49 are not required for interaction with CUS1. In vivo interaction tests show that HSH49 and CUS1 associate primarily through the N-terminal RRM of HSH49. Recombinant HSH49 protein has a general RNA-binding activity that does not require CUS1. The parallels in structure and interaction between two SF3b subunits from yeast implies that the mechanism of SF3b action is highly conserved.
Seed dispersal is more limiting to native grassland diversity than competition or seed predation

Competition has historically been viewed as the predominant process affecting plant community structure. In particular, it is often assumed that the dominant resident species is the superior competitor and therefore has large impacts on plant community diversity. This assumption, however, is seldom tested. As well, there are a variety of other processes such as dispersal limitation and seed predation that can influence community structure, although the relative importance of these processes in relation to competition from resident species is still unclear.
The Tyranny of Opinion. Honor in the Construction of the Mexican Public Sphere. Pablo Piccato .

La supuesta relacion directa entre un mayor uso de la razon en la esfera publica y el consiguiente desarrollo de una cultura politica mas democratica, se encuentra instalada en el medio academico desde ya varias decadas. Por ello, el libro de Pablo Piccato, TheTyranny of Opinion , aborda este tema al historizar el proceso por el cual la razon se convirtio en uno de los elementos centrales de la esfera publica. El libro ofrece, entonces, una historia de la razon de modo que permita a la actual democracia mexicana elegir entre el camino de la exclusion o el del dialogo efectivo. Tomando como base el honor masculino, la reputacion y el uso publico de la palabra por un grupo de letrados, el autor estudia la construccion y los limites de la esfera publica mexicana entre la “Republica Restaurada” y el Porfiriato. Piccato propone que la transformacion en terminos de orden y estabilidad politica generados entre ambos periodos esta vinculada al proceso de cambio cultural en la esfera publica mexicana desde un “ethos romantico” hasta un nuevo modelo etico asociado con el positivismo. Esta hipotesis cuestiona otras aproximaciones que plantean el proceso como una consolidacion gradual de redes de patronaje en terminos politicos y economicos.
Eye Movement Deficits After Ibotenic Acid Lesions of the Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi in Monkeys. I. Saccades and Fixation

Kaneko, Chris R. S. Eye movement deficits after ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi in monkeys. I. Saccades and fixation. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1753–1768, 1997. It has been su...
The regenerative ability of hemopoietic tissue following lethal x-irradiation in dogs.

Successful treatment of the hemopoietic phase of the acute irradiation syndrome in dogs at the LD/sub 100/ (400 r) dose is possible on an individual case basis with goed nursing care. The onset and rate of regeneration is related to the radiation dose. Partial regeneration with subsequent death occurs with a 550 r dose. The control of infection during the critical period prior to regeneration appeared to be the limiting faetor in successful treatment at the dose levels used in this study. (auth)
A Perspective on the Development of the Healthy People 2020 Framework for Improving U.S. Population Health

Since the late 1970s, the federal Healthy People Initiative has been a visible component of the United States’ approach to improving population health. In each decade, a new version of Healthy People is issued, featuring updated goals and identifying topic areas and quantifiable objectives for health improvement during the succeeding ten years, with assessment at that point of progress or lack thereof. Progress has been limited for many objectives, leading to concerns about the effectiveness of Healthy People in shaping outcomes in the context of a decentralized and uncoordinated US health system. This article describes development of Healthy People 2020, launched in December of 2010, from the perspectives of three members of a public advisory committee appointed to guide the process: The Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020 (SAC). The SAC made recommendations, almost all of which were adopted in some form, based on extensive assessments of strengths and weaknesses of the program and deliberations about critical areas to update. As a result, compared to prior versions, Healthy People 2020 gives more prominence to health promotion and preventive approaches, and adds a substantive focus on the importance of addressing societal determinants of health. A new expanded digital interface facilitates use and dissemination rather than bulky printed books as produced in the past. The impact of these changes to Healthy People will be determined in the coming years.
Narcissus, exhausted: Self-compassion mediates the relationship between narcissism and school burnout

Abstract Previous research has linked narcissism with work-related burnout; however, no extant research has explored the relationship between narcissism and school-related burnout. From the standpoint of social mentality theory, narcissism may stem from an overactive threat system and a maladaptive self-soothing system. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between narcissism, self-compassion, and school burnout in a large sample of U.S. college students. Narcissism was positively associated with school burnout. Narcissism had an indirect effect on school burnout through self-compassion, specifically through the over-identified and isolation components of self-compassion. Overall, the results are consistent with the notion that narcissism is associated with maladaptive threat and self-soothing systems and that these are associated with school burnout.
Levetiracetam in Partial Seizures

The efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) as adjunctive therapy were evaluated in 23 children (aged 6-12 years) with monotherapy-resistant partial-onset seizures at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH and other major centers.
Static Equivalence and Applied Research of Wind Farm

A static model of detailed wind farm is built in accordance with detailed wiring diagram of the wind farm in this paper.The method allows the calculation to adapt to various operating conditions of wind farm,solve the limitations of static equivalent method of wind farm which uses the traditional PQ and PV simplified model.The method provides a practical method for the power grid planning and operation.
Resonance Energy Transfer

In this chapter, we address transfer of energy between chromophores. We develop expressions for dipole-dipole interactions, beginning with the Forster theory and the point-dipole approximation and progressing to transition-monopole treatments. We also treat exchange coupling. We discuss the use of energy transfer to study conformational changes and fast processes in single protein molecules, and we describe energy transfer to and from carotenoids in photosynthesis.
The Necessity of Politics

Since the Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, radical political philosophy has been adrift. The well-worked opposition of variants of deontological liberal rights theory and attempts to (somehow) update the Marxist philosophy of praxis no longer help either to understand or to change their the world. But it is hard to give up the old certitudes and set out for new horizons. As a compromise, there have been attempts to adapt the old orientations and language to the new world. The result only produces a new opposition, this time between the quest to realize a system of normative international law and the attempt to invent new forms of global civic solidarity. This brings the older opposition up to date; but the opposition remains. The deontological paradigm now proposes a normative corrective to a globalized market, while the idea of an autonomous civil society that led to the revolutions of 1989 is subsumed under the vision of a cosmopolitan idea of human rights. Looked at more closely, both visions share a common set of presuppositions. They begin from the notion that the end of communism means that we now live in One Global World which, for the moment, exists only ansich, implicitly, until a politics is invented that will help it become fursich, realizing its potential. The problem, however, is that this manner of formulating the challenge of our new age is essentially antipolitical. Its demand for universality occludes the particular, its quest for unity leaves no place for difference; in the same movement practice is subordinated to theory.
Ultra-low power wireless SoCs enabling a batteryless IoT

This article consists of a collection of slides from the authors' conference presentation. One Trillion IoT devices can ONLY happen WITHOUT batteries.
Determination of the rate of cerebral oxygen consumption and regional cerebral blood flow by non-invasive 17O in vivo NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging: Part 1. Theory and data analysis methods Daniel Fiat and Seho Kang

AbstractTheory and novel data analysis methods of 170 inhalation measurements are presented for the calculation of CMR02, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), the reflow (R), the arterial venous difference (AVD) and the partition coefficient (X). Several of the methods proposed for the determination of CMR02 do not require measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and H2170 arterial concentration. All methods'of analysis are based on the Kety-Schmidt approach. [Neurol Res 1992; 14: 303-311]
Emotions in Driving

Abstract This chapter aims to systematically explore the relationship and effects between affect and driving behaviors. Even though some driving models partially address drivers’ affective factors, the majority of them have focused on cognitive aspects. Thus, to understand driver behavior in a more holistic way, more systematic reviews and empirical research including affective aspects of driving behavior are required. First, the current driving models are briefly described and the research gap is identified. Then, the effects of affective states on driving performance are delineated from multiple perspectives. Finally, theoretical and practical future works are discussed. This chapter is intended to help researchers construct a more naturalistic and generic driving behavior model, conceptualize affect detection research with a clearer idea of what affect needs to be detected and why, and develop an affect regulation model and adaptive system for multiple drivers.
Pottery and Pigments in Arizona: Salado Polychrome

Salado-polychrome ceramics, marked by distinctive black on white with red designs (Figure 1), coincided with the development of platform-mound communities and were the result of an amalgamation of technological traditions that occurred during a time of population movements and cultural changes in the prehistoric American Southwest. Saladopolychrome ceramics were the most abundant decorated ware of the Classic period (A.D. 1275–1450) and have been recovered from sites in central Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northern Chihuahua, including the site of Casas Grandes. Several archaeologists have interpreted Salado-polychrome designs as symbols of a regional cult (Adams, Crown, Rice) that eased the integration of diverse populations in times of migration and social stress. The color scheme and designs of Salado polychrome are distinctive compared to other contemporary and earlier ceramics, making definition of its development difficult.
The contribution of alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables to dietary sulphur intake.

Abstract Despite its importance in many areas of human metabolism, there are no recommended daily intake guide lines for sulphur. It is generally assumed that most dietary sulphur originates from intake of methionine and cysteine. We estimated sulphur intake from food diaries, and validated the results with the use of a duplicate diet analyses. Sulphur intake estimations were highly correlated with that obtain through an elemental analysis of duplicate diets, with a mean ± sd daily intakes of 956 ± 327.9 mg estimated from diet diary analyses and 935 ± 329.9 mg estimated by a duplicate diet analyses. Sulphur intake from alliaceous and cruciferous vegetables contributed up to 42% of total sulphur intake. Daily intake estimation comparisons through diet diary analyses and duplicate diet for other elements showed good agreement, except for sodium and zinc, in which analyses of 24 h diet dairies overestimated intake by 35% and 52%, respectively.
Abstraction Levels as Support for UX Design of User’s Interaction Logs

User interaction logging is a powerful tool for user behavior studies, usability testing, and system metrics analysis. It may also be applied in large data contexts, such as social networks analysis, helping data scientists to understand social patterns. Data scientists, User Experience (UX) designers, Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) practitioners, and software engineers have been performing the analysis of this kind of data to obtain knowledge regarding the source system’s usage. User interaction log data, however, can also be critical for final users themselves. They can use interaction log data, for example, (i) to revisit his own interaction path, redoing his steps that lead to a relevant insight or discovery; (ii) to learn from someone else’s interaction path new ways to perform a given task; (iii) or even to analyze critical steps of a process supported by the source system. The need for final users to consume interaction log data is presenting significant challenges for UX researchers. Influenced by Semiotic Engineering, a HCI theory that views human-computer interaction as a form of human communication between designers and users mediated by a computer system, we propose three user interaction log abstraction levels - strategic, tactical, and operational - to frame and guide user interaction logs’ UX design. In this paper, we discuss how those abstraction levels can be used as UX design guidelines and present some research questions to be explored - how source system captures interaction log is central for log analysis strategy and how a strategic level can be identified thought the analysis of interaction logs data from other abstraction levels.