cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An overview of interventional spinal techniques

The use of interventional techniques to treat spine-related pain syndromes is becoming more common in the United States and abroad. This growth is related to several factors, including improved patient awareness, education of referring physicians, improved training of interventional pain specialists, and advances in equipment and technology. The spectrum of interventional techniques ranges from simple trigger-point injections to implantation of sophisticated devices to modulate the nervous system. The challenges of treating these patients involve the need to make a diagnosis, the choice of an appropriate technique, and the performance of that technique in an acceptable manner. The pain specialist should also be able to recognize the complications of these techniques and make good decisions in responding to adverse outcomes. Several chapters would be required to comprehensively cover interventional techniques for the treatment of pain of spinal origin. It is the objective of this article to cover the most commonly performed procedures in regard to the patient selection, procedure selection, techniques, and complication management.
Olfactory perception thresholds in hypogonadal women: changes accompanying administration of androgen and estrogen.

Olfactory perception thresholds and nasal mucous membrane function were measured over prolonged periods in 3 hypogonadal females; in 1 of these subjects nitrogen and sodium balance were also studied. Observations were made during periods of estrogen therapy (equilin sulfate, Premarin, estradiol-17α,3-monosulfate), of androgen therapy (testosterone propionate and nortestosteronc), and of placebo administration. Estrogenic and androgenic effects were ascertained by measuring urinary gonadotropin and 17-ketosteroid excretions, respectively. Olfactory acuity during periods of placebo administration was not significantly different from acuity measured over long periods in 6 healthy women with normal gonadal function, but in the hypogonadal group there was a tendency toward pallor and swelling of the nasal membranes. Olfactory acuity increased significantly in 2 hypogonadal subjects while they were receiving estrogens, but this was not associated with significant changes in nasal function; throughout the study,...
Household motor vehicle ownership and use: how much does residential density matter?

The question of whether population density affects the amount of household automobile travel in the United States is revisited. Controls for income and demographics are included in a multivariate regression model of vehicle travel that includes vehicle ownership as an intermediate factor and that treats a household's pick of neighborhood density and the amount of travel as a simultaneous relationship. The data come from the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey. It is found that density matters, but not much. A 10 percent increase in density leads to only a 0.7 percent reduction in household automobile travel. By comparison, a 10 percent increase in household income leads to a 3 percent increase in automobile travel. The results are similar when vehicle trips are used as the dependent variable. The effect of density is so small that even a relatively large-scale shift to urban densities would have a negligible impact on total vehicle travel.
Differential cytokine responses from primary human Kupffer cells following infection with wild-type or vaccine strain yellow fever virus

Wild-type yellow fever virus (YFV) infections result in a hepatotropic disease which is often fatal, while vaccination with the live-attenuated 17-D strain results in productive infection yet is well-tolerated with few adverse events. Kupffer cells (KCs) are resident liver macrophages that have a significant role in pathogen detection, clearance and immune signaling. Although KCs appear to be an important component of YF disease, their role has been under-studied. This study examined cytokine responses in KCs following infection with either wild-type or vaccine strains of YFV. Results indicate that KCs support replication of both wild-type and vaccine strains, yet wild-type YFV induced a prominent and prolonged pro-inflammatory cytokine response (IL-8, TNF-α and RANTES/CCL5) with little control by a major anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). This response was significantly reduced in vaccine strain infections. These data suggest that a differentially regulated infection in KCs may play a critical role in development of disease.
Computational Lightcurve Imaging

We consider lightcurve inversion, the reconstruction of an object given a single pixel measurement over a range of angles. We demonstrate an approach using nonlinear optimization, giving an example in two dimensions using Lambertian reflectance.
In the ventral cochlear nucleus Kv1.1 and subunits of HCN1 are colocalized at surfaces of neurons that have low-voltage-activated and hyperpolarization-activated conductances

Abstract Principal cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) differ in the magnitudes of low-voltage-activated potassium (gKL) and hyperpolarization-activated (gh) conductances that determine the time course of signaling. Octopus cells in mice have large gKL (500 nS) and gh (150 nS), bushy cells have smaller gKL (80 nS) and gh (30 nS), and T stellate cells have little gKL and a small gh (20 nS). gKL Arises through potassium channels of which ∼60% contain Kv1.1 (potassium channels in the shaker or KCNA family) subunits; gh arises through channels that include hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) 1 subunits. The surfaces of cell bodies and dendrites of octopus cells in the dorsocaudal pole, and of similar cells along the ventrolateral edge of the PVCN, were brightly labeled by an antibody against HCN1 that was colocalized with labeling for Kv1.1. More anteriorly neurons with little surface labeling were intermingled among cell bodies and dendrites with surface labeling for both proteins, likely corresponding to T stellate and bushy cells. The membrane-associated labeling patterns for Kv1.1 and HCN1 were consistent with what is known about the distribution and the electrophysiological properties of the principal cells of the VCN. The cytoplasm of large cells and axonal paranodes contained immunofluorescent labeling for only Kv1.1.
An efficient high-order Taylor weak statement formulation for the Navier-Strokes equation

Abstract Traditionally, finite element methods generate progressively higher order accurate solutions by use of higher degree trial space bases for the weak statement construction. This invariably yields matrix equations of greater bandwidth thus increasing implementational and computational costs. A new approach to designing high order, defined here to exceed a third-order accurate method, has been developed and tested. The systematic construction of progressively higher order spatial approximations is achieved via a modified equation analysis, which allows one to clearly identify appended terms appropriate for a desired accuracy order. The resulting “modified” PDE is shown to be consistent with the Taylor Weak Statement (TWS) formulation. It confirms the expected high order of spatial accuracy in TWS constructions and provides a highly efficient dispersion error control mechanism whose application is based on the specifics of the solution domain discretization and physics of the problem. A distinguishing desirable property of the developed method is solution matrix bandwidth containment, i.e., bandwidth always remains equal to that of the linear basis (second-order) discretization. This permits combining the computational efficiency of the lower order methods with superior accuracy inherent in higher order approximations.
Summer Flooding at Chicago and Possible Relationships to Urban-Increased Heavy Rainfall

: : Studies of two measures of flooding in the Chicago metropolitan area reveal a wide range of floods with the magnitude related to recurrence interval expressions of rain intensity. Minor type floods (in basements and underpasses) usually result from localized heavy rains (≤ 3-hour duration) with return intervals of 1 to 2 years, and more major floods result from rains with return intervals of 2 to 5 years (or more). Urban-factors help lead to increases in warm season rain events in Chicago with 1- to 4-year return intervals. These apparently help lead to 10 to 100 percent more flooding events in Chicago than expected. The range of increase varies depending on locale and type of flood, but the increases in storms should be accounted for in drainage designs.
Dissemination 2.0: closing the gap between knowledge and practice with new media and marketing.

Despite substantial investments in public health and clinical research at the national level, and significant advancements in these areas of science, few evidence-based programs and services are rapidly implemented in health care or public health practice as a result of failures of dissemination. A significant gap in current processes to disseminate and implement effective programs relates to the lack of systems and infrastructure to facilitate distribution of scientific research products to potential end users, including clinicians and other practitioners. In this article, the authors assert that Web 2.0 technologies can be leveraged to enhance dissemination efforts and increase the implementation of evidence-based programs and services in everyday practice. The authors describe the research-to-practice delivery process and highlight gaps in the supply chain necessary to translate research findings into evidence-based practice. The authors critically evaluate the 4 most prominent strategies currently use...
Ceramic nanocomposites reinforced with a high volume fraction of carbon nanofibers

Abstract A ceramic nanocomposite reinforced with about 20 vol.% of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is fabricated by infiltrating CNF-preform with liquid-phased polymeric precursor following by pyrolysis. The nanocomposite has a dense structure without micro-cracks. The results from the microindentation tests reveal that the nanocomposite has lower indentation hardness but higher fracture energy than the non-reinforced ceramic. The effect of the CFTs on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite has been discussed.
On the Characterization of Nonnegatively Estimable Linear Combinations of Variance Components.

It is shown that, by a reparametrization, the problems of estimationg a linear combination of variance components can be reduced to that of estimating a single variance component. Such a reduction is used to obtain some characterizations of nonnegatively estimable linear combinations of varaince components. Characterization of nonnegative estimability using MINQUE is also discussed
Gender and HIV infection in the context of alcoholism in Kenya

Women in sub-Saharan Africa account for more than half (58%) of people living with the HIV and it is the only continent where HIV prevalence is higher for women than for men. Studies have attributed alcoholism with the high rates of HIV infection due to its impact on sexual behaviour and arousal. African countries with high rates of alcoholism also reportedly have higher rates of HIV infection. This study explores rural communities’ perspectives on the risk factors for HIV infection among women who are in alcohol discordant relationships where the man drinks alcohol excessively. Data were gathered through focus group discussions in rural central Kenya where alcoholism has reached epidemic levels. Key findings indicate the perceived severity of alcoholism, the perceived impact of alcoholism on men’s reproductive health and the unmet sexual and reproductive needs of women in alcohol discordant relationships. Women engage in risky sexual behaviours in an attempt to meet these needs. Such risky behaviour in addition to alcohol-related sexual violence and low response-efficacy for safer sexual practices make them vulnerable to HIV infection and enhances the spread of HIV within communities. The study concludes that in preventing HIV infection among women in alcohol communities affected by alcohol, it is important to focus on their response efficacy. Intervention programmes that focus on HIV prevention among older married women and that integrate alcohol and HIV prevention are long overdue. Keywords : HIV and AIDS, women, alcohol, risky sexual behaviour, alcohol-discordance, reproductive health
Teaching Residents About Development and Behavior: Meeting the New Challenge

Objective To determine the teaching methods, materials currently used, and unmet needs for teaching developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) at pediatric training programs in the United States. Design Cross-sectional survey of US pediatric residency training programs. The survey questionnaire consisted of 3 instruments: a program director survey, a developmental-behavioral pediatrics survey, and an adolescent medicine survey. Participants Survey packets were mailed in January 1997 to 211 programs identified by mailing labels from the Association of Pediatric Program Directors. Results Data from 148 programs (70%) completing both the DBP survey and program director survey were analyzed. Ninety-five percent of programs reported a block rotation, and 95% of those stated that the rotation was mandatory. Eighty-seven percent had a formal curriculum. Most programs reported using articles, lecture outlines, and precepting for teaching DBP. Few programs used standardized case-based or computerized materials. Most programs, however, indicated a desire for these materials. Few programs felt that 4 topics were covered adequately: adoption (12%), violence (24%), substance use (28%), and conduct problems (41%). Programs that perceived that they covered these topics adequately were more likely to use written cases as part of their curriculum (Mann-Whitney test, 1373.5; P = .04). Barriers to teaching included lack of adequate faculty, time, money, and curricular resources. Conclusions Pediatric residency programs have made significant gains in mandatory DBP training. However, many programs report a lack of adequate faculty, teaching materials, and methods. Responding programs indicated an interest in case-based materials. This approach may represent an alternative and underutilized resource for teaching DBP.
Dialectic and argument in philosophy: A case study of Hegel's phenomenological preface

This article examines two problems: the role of argument in philosophy, vis-aIs other philosophical activities; and the nature of argument in philosophy, vis-a-vis argument in other fields. The examination proceeds by reference to the notion of dialectic, which is regarded by some as offering an alternative to argument, and by reference to Hegel's Preface to the Phenomenology of Spirit, which explicitly discusses these very issues. The latter is reconstructed as the argument that philosophy is dialectical in part because it is pluralistic, conceptual, concrete, self-reflective, spiritual, systematic, negative, and self-referential, and in part because it sublimates the opposition between truth and falsity, method and result, change and permanence, form and content, and subject and predicate.
Microchannel Intensified Electrography

Although electrography is an attractive electronic imaging technique, it suffers at low light levels from limitations imposed by microphotometer and emulsion grain noise. The use of microchannel intensification allows individual photoelectron events to be unambiguously detected and measured, with little loss of achievable resolution. A series of quantitative studies have been conducted to determine the gains in detectivity and SNR yielded by the use of this technique, through microphotometry and computer analysis of images identical or similar to laboratory light sources, by means of both unintensified and microchannel-intensified electromagnetic Schmidt cameras. Applications of the technique to far-UV wide field imaging and nebular spectrograph experiments are described.
The efficacy of intrathecal injection of sufentanil using a microspinal catheter for labor analgesia

Intrathecal sufentanil can provide labor analgesia. We investigated the efficacy of multiple injections and the maternal and neonatal effects of intrathecal sufentanil during labor. Seventeen healthy women in active labor received multiple injections of intrathecal sufentanil of 5 micrograms each through microspinal catheters. Overall maternal satisfaction of analgesia was quantified using 10 cm visual analogue scales and side effects were evaluated. Neonatal outcome was also determined. Onset of analgesia was less than 5 min after the first injection and lasted approximately 148 min. Tolerance developed for the successive injections. The mean onset times were 12.9 and 20.1 min and the durations were 76.6 and 33.9 min for the second and third injections, respectively (P < 0.05). Failure to obtain analgesia developed in all patients after the forth injection. No motor blockade was observed in any of the patients. Mild or moderate pruritus developed in 88% of the patients. Mean systolic blood pressure decreased by a maximum of 11.3% at 30 min and up to 90 min (P < 0.05) after the first injection; three patients required ephedrine treatment. No significant hemodynamic changes were observed after subsequent injections. Five patients experienced transient decrease in sensation. Neonatal status, as evaluated by Apgar scores, Neurological Adaptive Capacity Scores (NACS), fetal heart rate (FHR), and umbilical cord acid-base status, were within normal limits. Results from our study suggest that multiple small doses of sufentanil administered intrathecally provided satisfactory analgesia for parturients with short duration of labor since acute tolerance developed with multiple injections. High incidence of mild or moderate pruritus was observed during the study. Close attention should be given to hemodynamically unstable patients when this technique is applied.
X-linked chronic granulomatous disease: from chromosomal position to the in vivo gene product

Abstract Until recently the genetic basis of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), and X-linked disorder that impairs the functioning of phagocytes, has remained a mystery. Now two different lines of research have converged. Molecular genetic studies noted the absence of an unidentified membrane glycoprotein in X-CGD neutrophils. Independent purification of a b -cytochrome also absent in X-CGD neutrophils has shown the unknown protein to be a component of the b -cytochrome complex.
CORRELATES OF EXPRESSED AND FELT EMOTION DURING MARITAL CONFLICT: SATISFACTION, PERSONALITY, PROCESS, AND OUTCOME

Abstract Relationships among marital satisfaction, personality, felt and expressed affects, and conflict resolution during conflict discussions of married couples were assessed. Specific affects were measured using a behavioral coding system (SPAFF) and a self-report measure (POMS). Correlations between behaviorally coded and self-reported affects varied across specific emotions. Generally, self-reported affects correlated more highly than expressed affects with conflict resolution, marital satisfaction, and neuroticism. Neuroticism correlated with wives' felt and expressed affects and with husbands' felt, but not expressed, negative affects. Extraversion correlated with husbands' and wives' expressed anger and with husbands' self-reported anger. Felt and expressed negative affect correlated negatively with degree of reported conflict resolution.
Therapeutic efficacy in experimental syphilis of eight daily injections of penicillin in beeswax-peanut oil.

SummaryCalcium penicillin in beeswax and peanut oil was employed to treat groups of rabbits infected with Tr. pallidum. The calculated total dose based on body weight was administered in 8 daily injections. A CD50 of 1,070 units per kilo of body weight w^as observed. This value does not differ significantly from a CD50 of 1,400 units per kilo reported by Fleming following administration of a similar preparation in 16 equal daily doses. It was concluded that when calcium penicillin in beeswax-peanut oil is employed in the treatment of rabbit syphilis, increasing the number of daily injections from 8 to 16 does not alter the total curative dose (CD50).
Capital Investment and Market Segmentation: Making Movies for Mormon Audiences

Is there a commercially viable market in the United States for movies made for Mormons? David "Dutch" Richards, a graduate of Brigham Young University's School of Film, thinks there is. He believes that in the Western United States, especially in Utah and the Intermountain West, there are enough Mormons who would pay to watch a film by, for, and about Mormons that this genre of film could make money. Filmmakers produce and market films for other minority groups, including Asians, Hispanics, and gays and lesbians. Richards believes the same could be done for the Mormon market. But it has never been done before, so he can't be certain. This case poses a set of questions Richards must address to determine whether he is right about the viability of this new product. It follows him as he pitches his movie idea to a savvy potential investor.
Impurities and heterogeneity in pyrite: Influences on electrical properties and oxidation products

Macroscopic pyrite crystals originating from a variety of geologic settings were made into thick sections. Electrical properties were measured with a Hall system, and minor element composition was analyzed with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS). Selected thick sections were oxidized in a moist air environment inside a glove chamber. The relative metal content of surface products formed during oxidation was analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. Natural pyrite exhibits a range of electrical properties corresponding to the content of the common minor elements Co, As and Ni. These properties are similar to those of synthetic pyrite doped with single elements. Pyrite enriched in Co is an n-type semiconductor with low resistivity and high carrier mobility, while arsenian pyrite tends to be p-type and have higher resistivity. The effect of Ni is weaker and tends to be obscured by Co and As in samples of mixed composition. Cobalt demonstrates the strongest effect on electrical properties. Enrichment of Co at oxidized pyrite surfaces is inversely correlated with its concentration in the underlying pyrite. Cobalt enrichment in oxidation products is also more pronounced along crystal defects such as fractures, and in crystals with heterogeneous distribution of trace elements. These observations might be explained by differences in the electronic structure of pyrite arising from the presence of impurities, and by the distribution of domains with different impurity compositions, facilitating electron transfer.
A coverage study of the self-diffusion and chemical diffusion constants for disordered overlayers of Xe on W(110)

Abstract The coverage dependence of the self-diffusion and chemical diffusion of submonolayer, disordered overlayers of Xe on W(110) at 150 K is found to be weak. The activation energies are all approximately 0.7 ± 0.2 kcal/mol for low to moderate ( θ = 0.2 to 0.6) coverages. The pre-exponential factors are on the order of 10 −3 to 10 −4 in the same range of coverages. In all cases, the chemical diffusion constant is found to be slightly larger than the self-diffusion constant. On the average, the velocities of different particles are positively correlated. The equal-time particle fluctuations are on the order of the average number of particles in a fixed probe area within the molecular dynamics cell. Consequently, for these disordered systems, we find the chemical diffusion constant to be comparable in magnitude to the self-diffusion constant.
Transient Encephalopathy Followed by seizures after Docetaxel Infusion

The efficacy of the new semi-synthetic taxane compound docetaxel (Taxotere®, Rhone-Poulenc SA, France) has been demonstrated in a variety of tumours. While dose-dependent neutropenia is the most important adverse effect of docetaxel, hypersensitivity reactions, a fluid retention syndrome, gastrointestinal and skin toxicity, and sensory neuropathy may occur. Taxane-associated central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is rare, but such cases have been reported after paclitaxel infusion.[1] In this report we describe the first patient who developed a self-resolving encephalopathy followed by seizures after administration of docetaxel, with recurrent episodes after subsequent infusions.
The Effects of Scholarship Amount on Yield and Success for Master's Students in Education

AbstractThe amount of merit-based scholarship support for graduate students in the United States has increased dramatically. Given this increased investment, does increasing the size of scholarships awarded to the most academically able admitted students substantially increase their probability of enrollment? We found no support for a positive answer to the question. Our study is unique in the literature in two important ways. First, the design randomly assigned admitted students to size of scholarship. Second, the size of scholarship varied from substantial ($10,000) to substantially larger ($18,500). The applicants in the study were the most academically able applicants to master's programs in a graduate school of education at an elite university. It may be that the difference between no scholarship support and some scholarship support (e.g., $10,000) might have a positive effect on yield. Natural variation data from the same site supported this conclusion. It may be that dramatically larger amounts of ...
Recurrent bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (even three or more) for recurrent bile duct stones appear to be safe and effective. Late complications are relatively frequent but are endoscopically manageable In 1974, Professors Meinhard Classen (Germany) and Keiichi Kawai (Japan) independently published their pioneering experience of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EBS).1,2 This bold innovative work was performed in the face of considerable antagonism from the surgical community, which considered that endoscopists had no business in the biliary tree, traditionally regarded as surgical “turf”. In the 30 years since, countless thousands of patients have benefited from EBS, being spared major surgical and radiological procedures. That an electrosurgical incision of a centimetre or less can have such beneficial effect is testament to the ingenuity of the pioneer endoscopists and their partners in industry. EBS is now an everyday event in endoscopy units around the world, the great majority being completed safely and achieving the desired goal. Indeed, we tend to take EBS for granted. The recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference Panel deemed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and EBS to be essential tools in the management of patients with acute cholangitis, pancreatitis, and choledocholithiasis.3 EBS has been shown to be safe and effective in experienced hands but it is undoubtedly associated with both short and long term complications.4 Recurrent bile duct stone formation is not uncommon following EBS. The literature suggests an incidence ranging from 4 % to 24%.5,6 Further ERCP with extension of the previous sphincterotomy is often the treatment of choice in patients with recurrent choledocholithiasis but little is know of the long term results and complications of this treatment. In this issue of …
Bmi1, stem cells, and senescence regulation

Stem cells generate the differentiated cell types within many organs throughout the lifespan of an organism and are thus ultimately responsible for the longevity of multicellular organisms. Therefore, senescence of stem cells must be prevented. Bmi1 is required for the maintenance of adult stem cells in some tissues partly because it represses genes that induce cellular senescence and cell death.
A 12-Year Content Analysis of the Journal of Black Psychology (2000-2011): Implications for the Field of Black Psychology

A content analysis was conducted of research published in the Journal of Black Psychology (JBP) during a 12-year period (2000-2011). A total of 276 articles were classified into 17 content categories. Similar to the previous JBP content analysis, the most frequently published authors and institutions were identified and ranked. The most highly cited articles were also identified. In addition, gender-focused articles and articles involving racial/ethnic group comparisons were identified. The most popular areas of research and publication in the JBP were in mental health and well-being, personality and identity (i.e., racial identity), culture, and physiological functioning and health psychology. These four categories accounted for 57% of the articles published. Results of this content analysis indicate a sharp increase in research on mental health and culture, while other areas remained consistent with the previous JBP content analysis. The dearth of African-centered psychological research was also noted. ...
The Internal Enemy: Slavery and War in Virginia, 1772–1832. By Alan Taylor. (New York, NY: W. W. Norton, 2013. Pp. x, 611. $35.00.)

The author of this book turns his attention from the northern regions of the United States in the early republic to Virginia and slavery, with a focus on the War of 1812 and especially the years 18...
Fast Inversion Recovery Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Intracranial Arteries

Inversion-prepared pulse sequences can be used for non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), but suffer from long scan times when acquired using conventional non-accelerated techniques. This work proposes a subtraction-based spin-labeling, 3D fast inversion recovery magnetic resonance angiography (FIR-MRA) method for imaging the intracranial arteries. FIR-MRA uses alternating cycles of non-selective and slab-selective inversions, leading to dark-blood and bright-blood images, respectively. The signal difference between these images eliminates static background tissue and generates the angiogram. To reduce scan time, segmented fast gradient recalled echo readout and parallel imaging are applied. The inversion recovery with embedded self-calibration (IRES) method used allows for parallel acceleration at factors of two and above. An off-resonance selective inversion provides effective venous suppression with no detriment to the depiction of arteries. FIR-MRA was compared against conventional 3D time-of-flight (TOF) angiography at 3T in eight normal subjects. Results showed that FIR-MRA had superior vessel conspicuity in the distal vessels (P < 0.05), and equal or better vessel continuity and venous suppression. However, FIR-MRA had inferior vessel sharpness (P < 0.05) in four of nine vessel groups. The clinical utility of FIR-MRA was demonstrated in three MRA patients.
Jay Michael Sullivan 936–1999

Jay Michael Sullivan was a gentleman and a scholar. These have been the words used by so many who knew this scientist, teacher, superb clinician, husband, father, and friend when learning of his untimely death. Jay Sullivan died on February 22, 1999, at only 62 years of age, less than two months after experiencing the first manifestations of carcinoma of the pancreas. Jay Sullivan was born in Brockton, Massachusetts, and grew up in Miami, Florida. He received his bachelor and medical degrees from Georgetown University, where he was valedictorian of his medical school class, graduating in 1962. He then went to Boston, near his birthplace, and spent 12 years at Harvard Medical School and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, where he did his internship and residency in medicine and was Chief Resident in Medicine and a Cardiology fellow. He also had a two-year preceptorship in biological chemistry. In 1970, he joined the Harvard faculty for four years as an Assistant Professor of Medicine. During this time, he was also Director of the Hypertension Unit at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and in 1973–74, he was Director of Medical Services at the Boston Hospital …
Photo-electrochemistry at polymer/semiconductor interface Characterization of surface modified CdS based photovoltaic cells

The photoelectrochemical (photovoltaic and photocatalytic) properties of single crystal CdS electrodes modified with polymeric films of Ru(v-bpy)3]2+ (v-bpy is 4-vinyl-4-methyl-2,2-bipyridine) are presented. Such modified electrodes exhibit longer lifetimes than their native counterparts when operated in a photovoltaic cell with the free and immobilized ferro/ferri cyanide redox system. The photocatalytic behavior with I3−/I− with and without sulfite solution has also been investigated.
A novel Bicine running buffer system for doubled sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins

A novel, Bicine-based SDS-PAGE buffer system was developed for the analysis of membrane proteins. The method involves molecular weight-based separations of fully denatured and solubilized proteins in two dimensions. This doubled SDS-PAGE (dSDS-PAGE) approach produced a diagonal arrangement of protein spots and successfully circumvented problems associated with membrane proteome analysis involving traditional gel-based methods. Membrane proteins from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum were used for these investigations. Tricine-dSDS-PAGE and the newly developed Bicine-dSDS-PAGE were compared with the standard glycine-dSDS-PAGE (Laemmli protocol) in their suitability to separate C. thermocellum membrane proteins. Large-format gel experiments using optimized gel preparation and running buffer conditions revealed a 112% increase in protein spot count for Tricine-dSDS-PAGE and a 151% increase for Bicine-dSDS-PAGE, compared to glycine-dSDS-PAGE. The data clearly indicated that Bicine-dSDS-PAGE is a superior method for the analysis of membrane proteins, providing enhanced resolution and protein representation.
Phosphors for solid state lighting

After an introduction of the basic concepts for solid-state-lighting, i.e. multi-chip LEDs and phosphor-conversion LEDs based on blue or near-UV pump LEDs, white LED phosphors are discussed regarding their match to different application requirements. Since the US Energy Star requirements have set first 'standards' for LED lighting, we evaluate different phosphor solutions for white LEDs mainly regarding these requirements. Efficient daylight LED for outdoor applications can be realized using yellow orthosilicates or garnets. Looking at cool white or even warm white LEDs with CRI 75+ blends of garnets and red nitrides are first choice. Solutions based on garnets and nitrides are superior, where CRI and/or color stability is important. Finally, the strong and package-dependent effect of particle size and scattering on color and efficiency is discussed.
CHANGES IN WAISTLINE AND ABDOMINAL GIRTH AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT FOLLOWING ISOMETRIC EXERCISES.

Abstract Thirty women, aged 18 through 45, living in Iowa City, Iowa, were the subjects for this study. Following a regime of six isometric abdominal contractions held for 6 sec. each, significant reductions were obtained in girth and subcutaneous fat at the waistline and the umbilical level of the abdomen. The exercises were done daily for a period of four weeks, with no additional abdominal or conditioning exercises, and no appreciable change in weight. These results represent some evidence to support the claims made by authors of articles in popular magazines and brochures on isometrics.
PORTING OF FEFLO TO MULTI-GPU CLUSTERS

FEFLO is an adaptive, edge-based finite element code for the solution of compressible and incompressible flow. It is primarily written in Fortran 77 and has been ported to vector, shared memory parallel and distributed memory parallel machines. FEFLO is currently undergoing the process of being ported to run on graphics hardware (GPUs), using semiautomatic techniques. In previous work, a GPU version of FEFLO was presented, in which, for many run configurations, all mesh-sized loops required throughout time-stepping were ported. This approach simultaneously achieves the fine-grained parallelism required to fully exploit the capabilities of many-core GPUs, completely avoids the crippling bottleneck of GPU-CPU data transfer, and uses a transposed memory layout to meet the distinct memory access requirements posed by GPUs. The present work describes the next step of this porting effort, namely to integrate GPU-based, fine-grained parallelism with MPIbased, coarse-grained parallelism, in order to achieve a code capable of running on multiGPU clusters. This is done in a semi-automated fashion: the existing Fortran-MPI code is preserved, with the translator inserting data transfer calls as required. Performance benchmarks indicate up to a factor of two performance advantage of the NVIDIA Tesla M2050 GPU over the six-core Intel Xeon X5670 CPU, for certain run configurations. In addition, good scalability is observed when running across multiple GPUs.
Carbonates in CM chondrites: Complex formational histories and comparison to carbonates in CI chondrites

CM chondrites are primitive solar-system materials that have undergone high degrees of aqueous alteration, resulting in the formation of secondary minerals including carbonates. Two different carbonate minerals (calcite ⁄ aragonite and dolomite) together constitute 1.4-2.8 vol% of CM chondrites. In contrast, CI chondrites contain four different carbonate minerals: calcite ⁄ aragonite, dolomite, breunnerite, and siderite. CI chondrites have abundant dolomite, a mineral that seems to be absent in the most aqueously altered CM chondrites. In this study, carbonates in seven CM chondrites (Y-791198, LaPaz Icefield 04796, Cold Bokkeveld, Nogoya, Queen Alexandra Range 93005, Allan Hills 83100, and Meteorite Hills 01070) were studied petrographically and by electron microprobe. The results indicate that carbonate formation in CM chondrites differs from that in CI chondrites and is more complex than previously recognized. Our studies of CM chondrites indicate that (1) carbonates formed on the parent asteroid in an aqueous environment that gradually changed in composition, (2) at some stage, Ca and Mg activities in the environment were high enough to form metastable dolomite, and (3) dolomites disappeared in the most aqueously altered CM chondrites.
Talk Before You Type: Coordination in Wikipedia

Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, has attracted attention both because of its popularity and its unconventional policy of letting anyone on the Internet edit its articles. This paper describes the results of an empirical analysis of Wikipedia and discusses ways in which the Wikipedia community has evolved as it has grown. We contrast our findings with an earlier study and present three main results. First, the community maintains a strong resilience to malicious editing, despite tremendous growth and high traffic. Second, the fastest growing areas of Wikipedia are devoted to coordination and organization. Finally, we focus on a particular set of pages used to coordinate work, the "Talk" pages. By manually coding the content of a subset of these pages, we find that these pages serve many purposes, notably supporting strategic planning of edits and enforcement of standard guidelines and conventions. Our results suggest that despite the potential for anarchy, the Wikipedia community places a strong emphasis on group coordination, policy, and process
Accuracy of sodar wind variance measurements

Abstract The International Sodar Intercomparison Experiment (ISIE) offered a unique opportunity to test in detail the capabilities of commercial Doppler sodars to measure the mean wind and wind variance. The ISIE was held between 6 and 22 September 1988. Three commercial sodars were placed within 300 m of the base of the 300-m high Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower. The sodars operated concurrently, allowing flexibility and simplicity in the comparisons. The results presented here compare sodar second moment calculations of the wind averaged over 20-min periods with similar calculations from sonic anemometers at three levels on the BAO tower. The standard deviations of the vertical wind, σw and the cross-wind component, σv, are statistically compared. The sodar-derived σwquantities compare reasonably well, white σv quantities compare poorly with the sonic anemometer-derived quantities. These results were expected because of the increased variance in the sodar σv calculations caused by the tempor...
Analyzing Migration Decisionmaking: Relationships between Residential Satisfaction, Mobility Intentions, and Moving Behavior

Research on migration decisionmaking has been centered on the notion that residential satisfaction and mobility intentions are intervening variables which fully mediate the effects of structural factors on moving behavior. Results from empirical studies, however, have rendered only modest support for this view. The author examines the role of residential satisfaction and mobility intentions vis-a-vis structural variables in migration decisionmaking with the aid of data drawn from the 1985–1989 waves of the American Housing Survey. A conceptual model is derived which is based on behavioral theories developed in social psychology, namely the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Several previously ignored links among structural variables, mobility predispositions, and moving behavior are incorporated. Empirical analyses show that, although satisfaction and intentions are important predictors of mobility, most of the structural variables that are commonly known to be related to migration also hav...
Assessment of Sutural and Cranial Growth in Young Guinea Pig Skulls: A Quantitative Tetracycline Labeling Study

Photographs of labeled bone regions measured planimetrically showed statistically significant differences in the values for bone formation in sutural and nonsutural sections, in different regions, and in different age and sex groups.
A Comparison of the Influence of Conflictual and Supportive Social Interactions on Psychological Distress

Following a quantitative review examining the relative influence of positive and negative social exchanges on emotional health, a second-order factor model of negative social exchange was tested and supported in a sample of 906 college students. Structural equation analysis exploring the unique effects of negative social exchange and perceived support satisfaction on depression revealed both variables to predict this outcome, over and above the contribution of personality and coping variables. In addition to the direct effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on depression, indirect effects of the Big Five via negative social exchange, support satisfaction, and avoidant coping also were observed. Although the prevailing belief among support researchers is that the negative effects of conflictual social interactions outweigh the positive effects of social support, the results of the quantitative review suggest boundary conditions that qualify this conclusion. In addition to corroborating a hierarchical measurement model of negative social exchange, the results of the present investigation suggest that how social support and social negativity are measured substantially influences conclusions concerning their relative impact on psychological distress.
Inferring User’s Information Context from User Profiles and Concept Hierarchies

The critical elements that make up a user’s information context include the user profiles that reveal long-term interests and trends, the short-term information need as might be expressed in a query, and the semantic knowledge about the domain being investigated. The next generation of intelligent information agents, that can seamlessly integrate these elements into a single framework, are enabled to effectively locate and provide the most appropriate results for users’ information needs. In this paper we present one such framework for contextualized information access. We model the problem in the context of our client-side Web agent ARCH (Adaptive Retrieval based on Concept Hierarchies). In ARCH, the user profiles are generated using an unsupervised document clustering technique. These profiles, in turn, are used to automatically learn the semantic context of user’s information need from a domain-specific concept hierarchy. Our experimental results show that implicit measures of user interests, combined with the semantic knowledge embedded in a concept hierarchy, can be used effectively to infer the user context and improve the results of information retrieval.
Simulation based Evaluation of a Code Diversification Strategy

Periodic randomization of a computer programâs binary code is an attractive technique for defending against several classes of advanced threats. In this paper we describe a model of attacker-defender interaction in which the defender employs such a technique against an attacker who is actively constructing an exploit using Return Oriented Programming (ROP). In order to successfully build a working exploit, the attacker must guess the locations of several small chunks of program code (i.e., gadgets) in the defended programâs memory space. As the attacker continually guesses, the defender periodically rotates to a newly randomized variant of the program, effectively negating any gains the attacker made since the last rotation. Although randomization makes the attackerâs task more difficult, it also incurs a cost to the defender. As such, the defenderâs goal is to find an acceptable balance between utility degradation (cost) and security (benefit). One way to measure these two competing factors is the total task latency introduced by both the attacker and any defensive measures taken to thwart him. We simulated a number of diversity strategies under various threat scenarios and present the measured impact on the defenderâs task.
Quantitative Effects of Implantation of Cattle Anterior Pituitary Powder on Gonads of Immature Rat

Summary1. A method is described for administration of pituitary powder by the tablet implantation technic. 2. Statistically significant responses were obtained with 50 mg of powder in case of testes, uteri, and ovaries of 22- to 24-day-old white rats. 3. These responses were measured by organ weight gains rather than by histological changes or vaginal smears.
Modeling of Human Welder Response Against 3D Weld Pool Surface Using Machine-Human Cooperative Virtualized Welding Platform

This paper aims to present the modeling of human welder intelligence in pipe Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. An innovative machine-human cooperative virtualized welding platform is teleoperated to conduct training experiments: the welding current is randomly changed to generate fluctuating weld pool surface and the human welder tries to adjust his arm movement (welding speed) based on his observation on the real-time weld pool feedback/image superimposed with an auxiliary visual signal which instructs the welder to increase/reduce the speed. Linear model and global Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model are identified from the experimental data to correlate welder’s adjustment on the welding speed to the 3D weld pool surface. To better distill the detailed behavior of the human welder, K-means clustering is performed on the input space such that a local ANFIS model is identified. To further improve the accuracy, an iterative procedure has been performed. Compared to the linear, global and local ANFIS model, the iterative local ANFIS model provides better modeling performance and reveals more detailed intelligence human welders possess.