cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2611: Effects of chalcones, nicotinamide, and resveratrol on PPAR gamma activation in oral cancer cells

Several classes of natural products have cancer prevention potential and PPAR gamma is an intriguing chemoprevention target as a nuclear receptor that controls multiple growth and differentiation processes. We have previously tested many classes of natural products in A/J mice and have found that the following chemoprevention compounds had no significant dietary toxicities: inositol, eucalyptol, chalcones, nicotinamides, and resveratrol. We tested these compounds for their capacity to activate PPAR gamma reporter genes in CA-9-22 oral cancer cells. In several repeated experiments we found that Inositol hexaphosphate did not activate PPAR gamma reporter genes at high concentrations of 1-4 mM. We found that eucalyptol, trans-Chalcone, 4 methoxy chalcone, Nicotinic Acid, and Nicotinamide had the capacity for statistically significant activation of PPAR gamma reporter genes in oral cancer cells from 20-60% at concentrations of 1-100 uM. We found that resveratrol was the most potent agent and could activate PPAR gamma reporter genes 2 fold. As a reference, this was about half the activity of the prototypic PPAR gamma activator pioglitazone. We performed additional experiments with resveratrol and found that it could activate the PPAR gamma dependent squamous differentiation gene Involucrin in oral cancer cells and BEAS 2B cells. Additionally, resveratrol significantly decreased BEAS 2 B proliferation from 48-96 hours at concentrations of 10 uM. From this data we conclude that resveratrol has the capacity to activate PPAR gamma in vitro and resveratrol and its derivatives may also function as PPAR gamma activators as an additional mechanism of action. We also conclude that inositol, eucalyptol, chalcones, and nicotinamides do not activate PPAR gamma. Citation Format: Jennifer Diaz, Beverly Wuertz, Art Galbraith, Frank G. Ondrey. Effects of chalcones, nicotinamide, and resveratrol on PPAR gamma activation in oral cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2611.
Dr. Edward P. Caffarella

Find any biography or description of Dr. Caffarella, and you will quickly see that most, if not all, begin with the phrase, “Dr. Edward P. Caffarella is a leader in the field of educational technology.” Occasionally, this statement might also include teacher education as an additional area of expertise. Ask any long-standing member of the educational technology community, and you will likely hear the same sentiment. Even developing members of the field benefit from Caffarella’s long-standing advocacy for students and quiet leadership that has shaped an ever-shifting field. Without question, Dr. Caffarella has cultivated a deliberate and constant commitment to our field, reminding us that the ways in which we impact a discipline are through maintaining a deep and relevant expertise of knowledge and experience.
Inter-individual neural differences in movement imagery abilities

Abstract Objectives Building on mounting evidence distinguishing the neurological basis of different movement imagery abilities (visual versus kinesthetic), this study compared brain activity (i.e., blood flow changes) through functional magnetic resonance imaging elicited by movement imagery in participants self-reporting good and poor imagery abilities with the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. Participants also completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2. Method: Thirty-seven females (good imagery ability = 18; poor imagery ability = 19) were randomly presented with four experimental conditions (i.e., Kinesthetic, Internal Perspective, External Perspective and Rest) counterbalanced for condition, during three separate 11-min functional brain scans. Results: Kinesthetic and visual (internal/external) subscale mean differences of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 favored good imagers and high Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 inter-scale correlations evidenced convergent validity. As in prior published work, kinesthetic, internal, and external visual imagery elicited distinct patterns of brain activation relative to rest. Overall, the patterns of brain activity in the good and poor imager groups were remarkably similar, indicating that they both generally relied on a similar brain network during movement imagery. Conclusions: Contrary to processing efficiency hypotheses (i.e., neural efficiency hypothesis) we report that during kinesthetic imagery and external visual imagery only, good imagers actually activated a greater number of spatially distinct cortical sites than did poor imagers. Furthermore, research is needed to fully characterize the neural signature of movement imagery in good and poor imagers. Such research is critical to the appropriate creation and proper application of neuroscience-inspired movement imagery-based learning interventions in healthy and clinical populations.
The interactome of the copper transporter ATP7A belongs to a network of neurodevelopmental and neurodegeneration factors

People need a source of copper in their diet because this nutrient is used to produce the pigment in hair and skin, the connective tissue in tendons and ligaments, and some of the small molecules that allow brain cells to communicate. There is an ideal range of copper that allows cells to carry out these processes. Both too much and too little copper can have negative effects on health, particularly related to how the brain works. Cells contain multiple proteins that bind to copper and transport it wherever it is needed. People with mutations that mean they lack one of these copper transporters, ATP7A, often have serious damage to their nervous system that cannot be explained by the current understanding of how this protein works. Comstra et al. set out to establish a comprehensive list of proteins that interact with ATP7A to better understand how this transporter works and how it is regulated. The search revealed that ATP7A interacts with hundreds of proteins present in different compartments within cells, many of which had not previously been associated with balancing copper levels in cells and the body. Like ATP7A, many of these proteins (or the protein complexes that contain them) are known to affect nerves and brain activity when they are mutated. Next, Comstra et al. engineered human cells grown in the laboratory to lack one of the protein complexes that interacts with ATP7A, the COG complex. Cells without this protein complex had 50% less ATP7A than normal human cells and very low levels of copper too. These mutant cells also had problems generating the energy that they need, because the structures in cells that provide them with energy – the mitochondria – were impaired; adding copper to the cells improved the activity of their mitochondria. Mutations in the COG complex cause the brain to develop abnormally, and the finding that deleting the COG complex from cells causes copper deficiency now helps to explain why. Further characterization of the proteins that interact with ATP7A and the COG complex will contribute to our understanding of how cells regulate copper and how copper levels affect the brain.
Modelling of fundamental phenomena in gas tungsten arc welds

Practical application of new and advanced materials is often limited by the quality and reliability of welding processes. Specific demands of properties and performance can only be met by controlling the microstructure of the weld joint. While there continues to be an increased emphasis on the reliability and uniformity of engineered and manufactured components, a fundamental understanding of advanced and conventional joining processes has proven to be somewhat inadequate. Advanced mathematical techniques and computer simulations play a major role in providing enhanced understanding of conventional and advanced materials processing. Development and application of mathematical models and computer simulation techniques can provide a quantitative understanding of advanced materials and processing technologies and will minimise the need for expensive and time–consuming trial–and–error product development. This paper briefly describes current research in modelling of weld processes, emphasising recent development in the prediction of weld solidification structures.
Metabolic Reprogramming via PPARα Signaling in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure From Metabolomics to Epigenetics

Studies using omics-based approaches have advanced our knowledge of metabolic remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Metabolomic analysis of the failing heart has revealed global changes in mitochondrial substrate metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) plays a critical role in synergistic regulation of cardiac metabolism through transcriptional control. Metabolic reprogramming via PPARα signaling in heart failure ultimately propagates into myocardial energetics. However, emerging evidence suggests that the expression level of PPARα per se does not always explain the energetic state in the heart. The transcriptional activities of PPARα are dynamic, yet highly coordinated. An additional level of complexity in the PPARα regulatory mechanism arises from its ability to interact with various partners, which ultimately determines the metabolic phenotype of the diseased heart. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the PPARα regulatory mechanisms in cardiac metabolism and the possible role of PPARα in epigenetic modifications in the diseased heart. In addition, we discuss how metabolomics can contribute to a better understanding of the role of PPARα in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
Optimal power flow for micro-grids

Micro-grids are bits of a power circulation organize that supply various loads, and incorporate distributed generation (DG) like: wind and solar generators. Optimal power flow (OPF) is considered with the goal of limiting either the power circulation misfortunes, or, the cost of influence drawn from the substation and provided by (DG) units. This paper analyzes two systems: a system with no transmission constraints and with transmission constraints. This is known as an ideal power market which means that generators supply energy and load removes energy. No transmission constraints means there is a single marginal cost. This paper analyzes splitting cost at a bus into energy, losses and congestion. The objective of an optimal power flow is to determine the best way to instantaneously operate a power system. The optimal way to operate a power system is that operating total cost and the cost of meeting load would and also subject to constraints. The goal is to show the difference in costs after both systems are analyzed with no transmission constraints and with transmission constraints. Two power systems were taken into consideration: (1) A two bus example with no transmission constraints and also a two bus example with transmission constraints. (2) A five bus system with no transmission constraints and also a five bus example with transmission constraints. Primal Linear Programming (LP) and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) solution algorithm are used to solve this power system. Solution iterates between solving a full ac power flow solution and Primal Linear Programming (LP). The complete analyses are done with the aid of Power-World Software. This work is applicable to the humanization because of microgrids in developing worlds would be an effective and robust route to electrification. This technology will reduce power cost for the customers and could help humans in developed countries.
A Novel Scan-In Scheme for CMOS/ReRAM Programmable Logic Circuits

Resistive RAM (ReRAM) devices are low power, fast and reliable nanoelectronic memory devices, which have proven to be crucial in both neuromorphic hardware and memory design. Despite their utility, challenges remain in forming and programming these devices before they can be used in a system. This paper builds on a forming circuit, incorporating programming technique in the same circuit in addition to outlining a scan-in approach to programming both CMOS and ReRAM memory elements. The proposed scheme utilizes a single input pin to serially scan-in a bit sequence to program the memory elements, leveraging a digital control circuitry. The suggested protocol is applied to a neuromorphic system to configure synaptic properties to implement a spiking neural network. Lastly, the need for reduction of forming voltage is highlighted with power dissipation data from Spectre simulation.
Understanding millennial consumer’s adoption of 3D printed fashion products by exploring personal values and innovativeness

The purpose of this study was to examine a hierarchical model of consumer innovativeness in the context of 3D fashion products. In particular, this study explored how different traits, such as personal values and innate innovativeness, predict a positive attitude towards 3D fashion products through domain-specific variables such as fashion innovativeness and fashion leadership. Using a convenience sample (n = 250), the data were collected through a self-administrated online survey. The results of this study identified personal values as an antecedent of innate innovativeness and found that fashion leadership played a critical mediating role between innate innovativeness and domain-specific innovativeness, in turn developing a positive attitude towards 3D fashion products which led to intention to use. Although the effect of innate innovativeness on domain-specific innovativeness (i.e., fashion innovativeness) was partially supported and no direct effects of personal values on domain-specific innovativeness was found, findings of this study contribute to existing literature on the Technology Acceptance Model and Consumer Innovativeness by examining additional predictors. The significant mediating role of fashion leadership was valuable as the result supported the key role of innovators as opinion leaders as discussed in the previous literature.
Dark Field Scattering Spectroelectrochemistry of Single Au Nanoparticles at Transparent Planar and Micro-Sized Electrodes

Noble metallic nanoparticles (NPs) (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, and Pt have interesting catalytic and optical properties playing important role in electrocatalysis and spectroscopy enhancement. Ensemble averaging methods are usually applied to characterizing these properties. It remains extremely challenging to resolve electrochemical events of single catalytic NP using conventional quantitative analysis methods. In this study, we present very preliminary results of a spectroelectrochemistry study of single Au NPs at transparent planar electrode and ultramicroelectrode (UME). Our goal of this study is to resolve the electrocatalytic property of single Au NPs with combined methods of electrochemistry and dark field light scattering (DFS). Hydrazine oxidation reaction is used as a model system to characterize the catalytic characteristics of single Au NPs coated onto at a planer indium-tin-oxide (ITO) surface and ITO UMEs. Dark-field spectroelectrochemical study of Au NPs reveals the formation of nitrogen gas from NPs surface accompanied with a decrease in light scattering intensity. Spectroelectrochemistry method used in this work can potentially resolve local redox reactions catalyzed by metallic NPs at the nanometer scales.
NK1 receptors mediate leukocyte adhesion in neurogenic inflammation in the rat trachea.

In neurogenic inflammation, tachykinins trigger the adhesion of neutrophils and eosinophils to leaky venules. The goals of the present study were to determine whether this leukocyte adhesion is med...
Eigen-Decomposition of Quaternions

This paper introduces biquaternion eigen-decomposition theory (via Peirce decomposition) with respect to a selected quaternion with a non-zero vector part. The eigen-decomposition allows evaluation of polynomials and power series with real coefficients as functions of quaternions. This extension of analytic functions to functions of quaternions requires only standard complex function evaluation. The theory also applies to quaternion rotations. The theory uses biquaternion calculations indicated by matrix methods via the algebraic isomorphism between Hamilton’s biquaternions and appropriate $$4\times 4$$ complex matrices. The isomorphism preserves algebraic structure. In particular, the left and right biquaternion multiplication by the selected quaternion maps to left and right matrix multiplication, respectively. This unifies the representation of the left and right quaternion multiplication as a linear map into a single matrix form. This matrix, as a linear operator, acts on matrices, so that the eigenvectors have matrix form that maps into the biquaternions. Use of an alternate quaternion basis results in a similarity transform of the representation matrix, preserving eigenvalues across change of basis. The similarity transform allows simple eigenvector calculation. The matrix for the selected quaternion has two identical, complex conjugate pairs of eigenvalues. Each pair corresponds to two complex conjugate pairs of eigenvector biquaternions, an idempotent pair and a nilpotent pair. Idempotent and nilpotent eigenvectors correspond to the commuting and non-commuting parts, respectively, of quaternion multiplication.
Meniscal Injuries and Treatment in the Multiple Ligament Injured Knee

Meniscus root repair and meniscus allograft transplantation are challenging procedures which provide the goal of restoration of knee kinematics and prevention of future knee osteoarthritis. In the setting of a multi-ligamentous knee injury or reconstruction, the long-term outcomes of either procedure are relatively unknown. A meniscus root repair can be essential to prevent increased strain on reconstructed cruciate ligaments as well as to normalize contact pressures within the tibiofemoral joint cartilage. While in the setting of meniscal allograft transplantation, important factors to consider include: alignment of the lower extremity, degree of cartilage wear based on the Outerbridge scale, and graft factors such as size, method of preservation, and fixation technique. Patient factors such as excessive body mass index and smoking may be relative contraindications. Staged procedures including osteotomy may be indicated to improve outcomes from meniscal transplantation. Both open and arthroscopic techniques can be used for both of the above procedures. Limited clinical evidence exists in the literature regarding outcomes for these combined procedures.
GENETICS OF THE URINARY PEPSINOGEN ISOZYMES

ABSTRACT . Human urinary pepsinogen isozymes, Pg 2, Pg 3, Pg 4, and Pg 5, have been scored for their absence, presence as a weak band, or presence as an intense band in 652 family members. Pg 3 through Pg 5 were independently classified by the two authors with agreement on a specific category for for 87% of the individuals. Considering all four isozymes, there were, among the 94 black and 65 white unrelated people with distinct patterns, 18 different phenotypes. From the distribution of the intensities of the four bands in a given individual, it is apparent that control of the intensity of one isozyme is not unrelated to that of others. Segregation analysis for each isozyme separately, assuming an intense band is dominant to a weak band and the latter is dominant to absence, demonstrates familial clustering for each type of variant for each isozyme. For some variants there are no exceptions to dominant Mendelian inheritance, but for others the fit is less good. Preliminary data suggest a locus controlling Pg 5 intensity may be linked to the HL-A loci, but control of Pg 2 and 4 is apparently not closely linked to the HL-A region.
Education in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systems and Research

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by D. Post, volume 12, pp. 8395–8399, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Bone scan positivity in non-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer: external validation study

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tables predicting the probability of a positive bone scan in men with non-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer have recently been reported. We performed an external validation study of these bone scan positivity tables. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients seen at a tertiary care medical center (1996-2012) to select patients with non-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Abstracted data included demographic, anthropometric, and disease-specific data such as patient race, BMI, PSA kinetics, and primary treatment. Primary outcome was metastasis on bone scan. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using generalized estimating equations to adjust for repeated measures. Risk table performance was assessed using ROC curves. Results: We identified 6.509 patients with prostate cancer who had received hormonal therapy with a post-hormonal therapy PSA ≥2ng/mL, 363 of whom had non-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Of these, 187 patients (356 bone scans) had calculable PSA kinetics and ≥1 bone scan. Median follow-up after castrate-resistant prostate cancer diagnosis was 32 months (IQR: 19-48). There were 227 (64%) negative and 129 (36%) positive bone scans. On multivariable analysis, higher PSA at castrate-resistant prostate cancer (4.67 vs. 4.4ng/mL, OR=0.57, P=0.02), shorter time from castrate-resistant prostate cancer to scan (7.9 vs. 14.6 months, OR=0.97, P=0.006) and higher PSA at scan (OR=2.91, P <0.0001) were significantly predictive of bone scan positivity. The AUC of the previously published risk tables for predicting scan positivity was 0.72. Conclusion: Previously published risk tables predicted bone scan positivity in men with non-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer with reasonable accuracy.
Parkinson’s Disease: Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the gold standard therapy for Parkinson’s disease when medications no longer provide adequate and consistent benefit with respect to motor symptoms. In conjunction with ever-accumulating evidence for the safety, clinical effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of DBS, our understanding of the neurophysiology of surgical targets has evolved substantially over the last two decades. This chapter focuses significant attention on these details, as they provide the foundation for understanding both how to target DBS leads in the absence of neurophysiological guidance and how the use of neurophysiological signals may evolve in the future, intraoperatively and in chronically implanted devices.
Implementation Science to Advance Practice and Curricular Transformation: Report of the 2019-2020 AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2019-2020 AACP Research and Graduate Affairs Committee (RGAC) was charged with articulating the case for and evaluating the state of implementation science in academic pharmacy, given the potential for implementation science to act as a driver of practice and curricular transformation. Based on the current state of pharmacy research in this area, the RGAC was further charged with outlining a plan to raise the profile of implementation science with pharmacy leadership and defining strategies for AACP to facilitate schools in applying its methods to their practice and education missions. For this work, the RGAC considered implementation science to be the scientific study of methods and strategies to promote adoption of evidence-based practices and interventions into real world settings and routine practice, to improve the quality and effectiveness of services. The RGAC identified three components of an effective strategy for AACP to assist schools in applying implementation science in practice and education: 1) raising awareness of implementation science as an opportunity for academic pharmacy, 2) connecting pharmacy researchers with the larger implementation science community, and 3) developing pharmacy researchers in the competencies and methods associated with implementation science. Specific recommendations for this strategy were informed by searches of the literature and funding landscape related to implementation science and pharmacy. The RGAC also identified stakeholder groups that AACP could target in a campaign to raise awareness of implementation science and connectivity to the existing research community in this space, including academic leadership, faculty with expertise in relevant research methodologies (eg, the Social and Administrative Science (SAS) section of AACP), and the academic pharmacy community as a whole.
Perspectives on Visual Impairment: An Asian American Woman Shares Her Story.

Excerpts from an interview with an Asian American woman about her views on aspects of her life illustrate key issues related to the cultural implications of having a visual impairment. Suggestions ...
Postpartum Education and Health Literacy: New Moms’ Perspectives

Globally, 830 women die daily from preventable postpartum issues. Little research exists on health literacy’s role in maternal morbidity and mortality. This study examined new moms’ perception of p...
The Effect of Frames on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy

Abstract In order to control the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, it will be important to develop a communication strategy to counteract “vaccine hesitancy”. This paper reports the results of a survey experiment testing the impacts of several types of message content: the safety and efficacy of the vaccine itself, the likelihood that others will take the vaccine, and the possible role of politics in promoting the vaccine. In an original survey of 1123 American M-Turk respondents, we provided six different information conditions suggesting the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, the lack of safety/efficacy of the vaccine, the suggestion that most others would take the vaccine, the suggestion that most others would not take the vaccine, the suggestion that the vaccine is being promoted to gain greater control over individual freedom, and the suggestion that it is being rushed for political motivations. We compared the responses for those in the treatment groups with a control group who received no additional information. In comparison to the control group, those who received information about the safety/efficacy of the vaccine were more likely to report that they would take the vaccine, those who received information that others were reluctant to take the vaccine were more likely to report that they themselves would not take it, that other Americans would not take it, and that it was not important to get the vaccine, and those who received information about political influences on vaccine development expressed hesitancy to take it. Communication of effective messages about the vaccine will be essential for public health agencies that seek to promote vaccine take-up.
An Overview of Primary Immunodeficiencies

The complexity of primary and secondary immunodeficiency can often be overwhelming to clinicians who have patients that suffer from these disorders. Therefore, this book uses a case-based approach that focuses on our current understanding of specific B- and T-cell immunodeficiencies, immune dysregulation syndromes, innate immune defects, and secondary immunodeficiencies. The intent of this book is not to provide an all-inconclusive review for every known potential immunodeficiency disorder, but rather to offer a guide for helping clinicians recognize how patients with these conditions present and existing treatment options.
Reflecting on Pandemics and Technology in Libraries

Several areas of technology are considered including sanitation, social distancing, barriers, remote reference, electronic resources, wireless Internet access, curbside pickup, bookmobiles, video c...
Nigeria’s Petroleum Industry Bill: A Missed Opportunity to Prepare for the Zero-Carbon Future

With Nigeria’s National Assembly debating the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) in the first quarter of 2021 — after nearly two decades of attempted reform of the country’s petroleum sector — Nigeria has a unique opportunity to rethink the role of the oil and gas industry in Nigeria’s economy and build out the country’s energy sector and economic capacity for the long term. This piece provides a brief analysis of Nigeria’s PIB, highlighting the PIB’s laudable steps while identifying gaps and outlining recommendations for Nigeria to prepare for and seize the opportunity of the energy transition.
Constructive Episodic Simulation: Cognitive and Neural Processes

We often prepare for the future by imagining or simulating events that might happen. A growing body of evidence indicates that people simulate these future experiences by retrieving and recombining elements of their episodic memories. In this chapter, we will review the role of the extensively studied default network in this process of episodic simulation, with a specific emphasis on three recent lines of research using (1) repetition suppression, i.e., decreased neural activity for a repeated stimulus; (2) transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can temporarily disrupt activity in specific brain regions; and (3) the episodic specificity induction, an experimental tool to identify and manipulate episodic contributions to subsequent tasks. We discuss how these three lines of work have enhanced our understanding of the role of the default network in episodic simulation. Finally, we integrate studies on episodic simulations with research on empathy and offer suggestions for investigating the role of episodic simulations in mentalizing.
Redistributive effects of health care out-of-pocket payments in Cameroon.

Background The bulk of health care financing in Cameroon is derived from out-of-pocket payments. Given that poverty is pervasive, with a third of the population living below the poverty line, health care financing from out-of-pocket payments is likely to have redistributive and equity effects. In addition, out-of-pocket payments on health care can limit the ability of households to afford non-healthcare goods and services. Method The study estimates the Kakwani index for analyzing tax progressivity and applies the model developed by Aronson, Johnson, and Lambert (1994) to measure the redistributive effects of health care financing using data from the 2014 Cameroon Household Survey. The estimated indexes measure the extent of the progressivity of health care payments and the reranking that results from the payments. Results The results indicate that out-of-pocket payments for health care in Cameroon in 2014 represented a significant share of household prepayment income. The results also show some evidence of inequity as few people change ranks after payment despite the slight progressivity of health care out-of-pocket payments. Conclusion The existence of some disparities among income groups implies that the burdens of ill-health and out-of-pocket payments are unequal. The detected disparities within income groups can be reduced by targeting low-income groups through increases in government expenditures on health care and pro-poor prioritization of the expenditures.
Adult Bado type I Monteggia fracture dislocation: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Fractures of the proximal ulnar shaft accompanied by dislocation of the radial head have been described as “Monteggia fracture-dislocations,” since the early nineteenth century. In 1967 Bado further classified these Monteggia fractures into four subtypes, based largely on the direction of the radial head dislocation (Bado, 1967). Despite being frequently discussed in the literature, Monteggia fracture dislocations are rare and represent only 0.7% of elbow fracture-dislocations in adults (Papaioannou et al., 2018). In adults, Bado type I lesions, where the radial head is displaced anteriorly are rarer still, and few cases have been reported in the literature (Papaioannou et al., 2018; Suarez et al., 2016; Egol et al., 2005; Saidi et al., 2018; Wong et al., 2015). Case presentation We present here the case of a 55-year-old male presenting with a Bado type I Monteggia fracture dislocation, resulting from direct trauma to the posterior ulnar surface of his arm. He was treated with ORIF five days after the injury, and by hospital discharge had had 75% active range of motion of his elbow to flexion and extension. Conclusion We present this case of a rare adult fracture subtype with a unique mechanism to add to a paucity of existing literature on such cases and the approach to their care. These fracture-dislocations can be easy to miss because the radial dislocation can be subtle and overshadowed by the more obvious ulnar fracture. This case report hopes to contribute to the expedient recognition of this fracture dislocation syndrome, which is crucial to the preservation of range of motion and arm function for these patients.
Separation of cobalt, nickel, and manganese in leach solutions of waste lithium-ion batteries using Dowex M4195 ion exchange resin

Abstract Current methods to separate and recover critical metals from waste lithium-ion battery (LIB) scrap require multiple unit operations that involve selective leaching and a combination of separation methods. These methods include impurity removal, solvent extraction, ion exchange, and precipitation, to achieve high purity Co and Ni products. In this paper an efficient extraction strategy was developed to individually separate Ni and Co from a LIB leachate that was generated from an electrochemical leaching process. By using Dowex M4195 resin, as the only method of separation, additional impurity removal operations were not needed. After loading and eluting, three different fractions were obtained: 99.0% Ni concentrate, 98.5% Co concentrate, and a Li/Mn rich concentrate allowing the separation of Ni, Co and Mn. The developed process is then presented as an alternative for metal recovery from leachates from scrap LIBs with minimum chemical addition and pH adjustment.
Cyber Conflict as an Emergent Social Phenomenon

Corporate Hacking and Technology-Driven Crime: Social Dynamics and Implications (T. Hold and B. Schell eds.), IGI Global, 2011.
Impact of technology scaling and packaging on dynamic voltage scaling techniques

This paper studies how the effectiveness of various dynamic voltage scaling mechanisms is affected by technology scaling and system activity. We show that V/sub dd/ scaling maintains its effectiveness while V/sub th/ scaling and supply gating become more efficient as the feature size decreases. We also discuss the impact of packaging and. provide tools for bringing it early into the design process. In this way, short-term and long-term savings are identified, with the latter providing additional energy savings up to 10.2%, on average.
The Amino-terminal Peptide of α1-Acid Glycoprotein

An acidic tripeptide was isolated from a proteolytic digest of α1-acid glycoprotein. Its structure proved to be pyroGlu-Pro-Ile. Various control experiments established that this peptide occupies the amino terminus of this protein. The conversion of amino-terminal glutamine to pyroglutamic acid during the isolation of the protein from blood could also be excluded.
Building and Refining Rhetorical-Semantic Relation Models

We report results of experiments which build and refine models of rhetoricalsemantic relations such as Cause and Contrast. We adopt the approach of Marcu and Echihabi (2002), using a small set of patterns to build relation models, and extend their work by refining the training and classification process using parameter optimization, topic segmentation and syntactic parsing. Using human-annotated and automatically-extracted test sets, we find that each of these techniques results in improved relation classification accuracy.
An apparent medieval stereogram incorporating a symbol for optical illusion

Stereograms mark a threshold in understanding visual perception. Modern study of stereopsis began with Wheatstone's invention of the stereogram and stereoscope (~ 1832), important tools in vision research and technical imagery ever since. Stereoscopic images formed with frieze and wallpaper patterns in illuminated Insular manuscripts such as the Book of Durrow (~ 680 CE), Lindisfarne Gospels (~ 700-720), and Book of Kells (~ 800) show that, long before spectacle-quality magnifying lenses (~ 1286), illuminators somehow copied multicolored, microscopically detailed designs _freehand_ with an accuracy unsurpassed in scientific instruments until the Renaissance (but well within the power of normally sighted humans' stereoscopic discrimination). If the artists accomplished this feat by free fusion using the unaided eyes as a magnifying stereocomparator, as suggested, they should have been able to create autostereograms. Did they? Here I report two examples of an apparent stereopair from the Book of Durrow, which gives a sharp, strongly three-dimensional image that includes, among other symbols, an eye-shaped sign identified with mirages (Fig. 1). Apparently, precocious empirical knowledge of stereopsis played more than a technical role in the creation of some of the world's more famous graphic art.
Students' Knowledge and Perceived Confidence in an Interdisciplinary Experiential-Learning Environment

Experiential-learning theory suggests that students acquire knowledge through hands-on learning environments, and aspiring journalists need a setting where they can experience science — its process(es) as well as how to report empirical findings. Researchers utilized pre/post questionnaires, field-notebook evaluation, and focus-group analysis as methods to assess an interdisciplinary, experiential course that combined science and media undergraduates. Results revealed students valued procedural over fact-based knowledge. Students also indicated increased perceived confidence—even when they answered questions incorrectly.
Modification of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A with 4-sulfonyloxy-2-nitrofluorobenzene. Isolation and identification of modified proteins.

Abstract The inactivation of RNase A that accompanies dinitrophenylation at pH 8 is in major part due to substitution at lysine-41. The amino group of this lysine residue has been postulated to be part of, or close to, the site responsible for binding the phosphate moiety in the substrate. In elaboration of this concept, the consequences that derive from the replacement of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) by a negatively charged reagent with similar chemical and steric properties have been explored. This reagent, 4-sulfonyloxy-2-nitro-fluorobenzene (SNFB), inactivates RNase A at pH 8 by substitution at position 41. It also attacks the enzyme at the α-amino group to produce 1-α-sulfonyloxynitrophenyl (SNP)-RNase A, a fully active derivative. Dinitrophenylation at lysine-41 occurs about 7 times faster than at the α-amino group. By contrast both of these amino groups are about equally reactive toward SNFB at pH 8, an observation interpreted in terms of an oriented approach of the reagent in a configuration unfavorable for reaction at lysine-41. Both 1-α- and 41-SNP-RNase A have been isolated and the locations of the substituents identified by degradative procedures similar to those used in previous studies of the corresponding dinitrophenyl-derivatives. These monosubstitution products and 1-α,41-e-bis-SNP-RNase A, which was also isolated and identified, constitute the principal products formed in the initial stages of the reaction. In contrast to the behavior with FDNB, subsequent reaction at position 7 either does not take place or is strongly suppressed with SNFB. This behavior indicates that 41-dinitrophenyl- and 41-SNP-RNase A may exist in different conformations, with the difference ascribable to the affinity of the sulfonate moiety in the SNP group for the phosphate-binding site. SNFB has a number of advantages over FDNB as a reagent for the modification of RNase A. These include a higher specificity for amino groups, convenient solubility, and the fact that spectra of the reagent and the derivatives that it forms do not overlap as much as with FDNB. The disadvantage of lowered reactivity toward amino groups is offset by the feasibility of studies at relatively high pH values.
Assessing sustainable forest biomass potential and bioenergy implications for the northern Lake States region, USA

Forestlands in the United States have tremendous potential for providing feedstocks necessary to meet emerging renewable energy standards. The Lake States region is one area recognized for its high potential of supplying forest-derived biomass; however, the long-term availability of roundwood harvests and associated residues from this region has not been fully explored. Better distribution and temporal availability estimates are needed to formulate emerging state policies regarding renewable energy development. We used a novel predictive methodology to quantify sustainable biomass availability and likely harvest levels over a 100-year period in the Lake States region. USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis estimates of timberland were combined with published growth and yield models, and historic harvest data using the Forest Age Class Change Simulator (FACCS) to generate availability estimates. Monte-Carlo simulation was used to develop probability distributions of biomass harvests and to incorporate the uncertainty of future harvest levels. Our results indicate that 11.27–15.71 Mt y−1 dry roundwood could be sustainably harvested from the Lake States. Assuming 65% collection rate, 1.87–2.62 Mt y−1 residue could be removed, which if substituted for coal would generate 2.12–2.99 GW h of electricity on equivalent energy basis while reducing GHG (CO2e) emission by 1.91–2.69 Mt annually. In addition to promoting energy security and reducing GHG emissions, forest residues for energy may create additional revenues and employment opportunities in a region historically dependent on forest-based industries.
Natural and transboundary pollution influences on sulfate‐nitrate‐ammonium aerosols in the United States: Implications for policy

[1] We use a global three-dimensional coupled oxidant-aerosol model (GEOS-CHEM) to estimate natural and transboundary pollution influences on sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosol concentrations in the United States. This work is motivated in part by the Regional Haze Rule of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which requires immediate action to improve visibility in U.S. wilderness areas along a linear trajectory toward an endpoint of “natural visibility conditions” by 2064. We present full-year simulations for 1998 and 2001 and evaluate them with nationwide networks of observations in the United States and Europe (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE), Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP)) and with Asian outflow observations from the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission. Shutting off U.S. anthropogenic emissions in the model defines “background” aerosol concentrations representing contributions from both natural and transboundary pollution sources. We find that transboundary transport of pollution from Canada, Mexico, and Asia dominates over natural influences for both sulfate and nitrate. Trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution accounts for 30% of background sulfate in both the western and eastern United States. Our best estimates of natural concentrations for ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate in the United States are either consistent with or lower than the default values recommended by EPA for natural visibility calculations. However, the large transboundary pollution influence in our calculation suggests that a natural visibility objective cannot be approached without international emission controls.
Relative resistance or susceptibility of maple (Acer) species, hybrids and cultivars to six arthropod pests of production nurseries

BACKGROUND: Maples (Acer spp.) in production nurseries are vulnerable to numerous arthropod pests that can stunt or even kill the young trees. Seventeen cultivars representing various Acer species and hybrids were evaluated for extent of infestation or injury by shoot and trunk borers (Proteoteras aesculana, Chrysobothris femorata), potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), maple spider mite (Oligonychus aceris) and calico scale (Eulecanium cerasorum). Evaluations were done in replicated field plots in central and western Kentucky. RESULTS: All of the maples were susceptible, to varying degrees, to one or more key pest(s). Red maples (A. rubrum) were relatively vulnerable to potato leafhopper injury and borers but nearly free of Japanese beetle feeding and spider mites. Sugar maples sustained conspicuous Japanese beetle damage but had very low mite populations, whereas the opposite was true for Freeman maples (A. × freemanii). A. campestre was heavily infested by calico scale. Within each species or hybrid there were cultivar differences in degree of infestation or damage by particular pests. CONCLUSION: The results should help growers to focus pest management efforts on those plantings at greatest risk from particular pests, and to choose cultivars requiring fewer insecticide inputs to produce a quality tree. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Working With Parents of Aggressive Children: A Practitioner's Guide

The First Things to Know (and Learn) About Aggressive Children and Their Parents Parent Training for Families with Aggressive Children -a Tale of Two Models A Framework for Intervening - Responsive Parent Therapy Therapeutic Alliances and Parenting Goals Acceptance Containment Prosocial Values Family Structure Parental Self-Care School-Based Parent Intervention.
Consumption of Coffee, but Not Black Tea, Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Premenopausal Breast Cancer

Caffeine has been suggested as a possible risk factor for breast cancer, potentially through its effect of facilitating the development of benign breast disease. However, coffee and tea also contain polyphenols, which exhibit anticarcinogenic properties. A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and black tea in breast cancer etiology. Study participants included 1932 cases with primary, incident breast cancer and 1895 hospital controls with nonneoplastic conditions. All participants completed a comprehensive epidemiological questionnaire. Among premenopausal women, consumption of regular coffee was associated with linear declines in breast cancer risk (P for trend = 0.03); consumers of >or=4 cups/d experienced a 40% risk reduction (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-0.98). No clear associations between intake of black tea or decaffeinated coffee and breast cancer risk were noted among premenopausal women, although black tea was associated with a protective effect unique to a subsample of cases with lobular histology. Among postmenopausal women, breast cancer risk was not associated with consumption of coffee, tea, or decaffeinated coffee. Results among postmenopausal women did not differ by histologic subtype. Our findings support a protective effect of coffee intake on premenopausal, but not postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.