cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted Action Rule Discovery

The task of learning action rules aims to provide recommendations to analysts seeking to achieve a specific change. An action rule is constructed as a series of changes, or actions, which can be made to the flexible characteristics of a given object that ultimately triggers the desired change. Existing action rule discovery methods utilize a generate-and-test approach in which candidate action rules are generated and those that satisfy the user-defined thresholds are returned. A shortcoming of this operational model is there is no guarantee all objects are covered by the generated action rules. In this paper, we define a new methodology referred to as Targeted Action Rule Discovery (TARD). This methodology represents an object driven approach in which an action rule is explicitly discovered per target object. A TARD method is proposed that effectively discovers action rules through the iterative construction of multiple decision trees. Experiments show the proposed method is able to provide higher quality rules than the well-known Association Action Rule (AAR) method.
Local Temperature Regulation of Microtissue Clearance from Rat Skeletal Muscle

The influence of local temperature changes on the effective blood flow in the rat spinotrapezius muscle was investigated by the extension of the microtissue clearance technique originally used for frog mesentery. The clearance of water blue from microinjection sites in rat skeletal muscle at 37 C. agrees favorab1y with the clearance of other crystalloid labels from gross injection sites in skeletal muscle of mammalian forms. The data show a direct relationship between clearance rates and temperature over a range of 25 to 45 C. The µ value for clearance agrees with the µ value computed from forearm muscle blood flow measurements, at corresponding temperature ranges.
Pathology of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder and related lesions.

In the United States, nearly all cases of bladder cancer are of the transitional cell type, and epidemiological evidence indicates that among these, approximately 80% present initially as more or less well-differentiated, superficial papillary neoplasms with a tendency for multifocal or diffuse involvement of the urothelial surface and/or recurrent tumor episodes, but with limited potential for invasive growth or a lethal outcome. Bladder tumors with lethal potential generally begin as poorly differentiated, sessile growths that are usually invasive at first diagnosis. Carcinoma in situ is a change that must be elicited among intact surface cells before progressive proliferation results in a tumor mass. Evidence for such an association is both temporal and spatial. Since most transitional cell carcinomas begin as well-differentiated tumors, i.e., resembling normal urothelium, recognition of early neoplastic alteration before a papillary structure forms is unlikely and most of the evidence is spatial based upon urothelial changes adjacent to papillary tumors. The morphologic definition of carcinoma in situ is arbitrary and generally defined as a total replacement of the urothelial surface by cells which bear morphologic features of carcinoma, but which lack architectural alteration other than an increase in the number of cell layers, i.e., a flat lesion. The Union Internationale Contra Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer (UICC/AJCC) staging scheme for bladder cancer distinguishes non-invasive papillary growths as Ta and carcinoma in situ as Tis. Because detection of carcinoma in situ, either by cytology or biopsy, depends upon recognizable malignant morphologic characteristics, studies of the lesion tend to be limited to the higher grade or more anaplastic examples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems With Time Periodic Coefficients Via Normal Form Theory

For most complex dynamic systems, it is not possible to measure all system states in a direct fashion. Thus for dynamic characterization and controller design purposes, it is often necessary to design an observer in order to get an estimate of those states which cannot be measured directly. In this work, the problem of designing state observers for free systems with time periodic coefficients is addressed. For linear time-periodic systems, it is shown that the observer design problem is the duality of the controller design problem. The state observer is constructed using a symbolic controller design method developed earlier using the Chebyshev expansion technique. For the nonlinear time periodic systems, the observer design is investigated using the Poincare normal form technique. The local identity observer is designed by using a set of near identity coordinate transformations which can be constructed in the ascending order of nonlinearity. These observer design methods are implemented using a symbolic computational algorithm and several illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the methods.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A fast resolving BiNMOS synchronizer for parallel processor interconnect

The design, testing, and application of a BiNMOS metastability resolving synchronizer is described. High speed signaling requires multiple clock cycle metastability settling time. The integrated circuit provides low tau (fast resolution) and is considered one of the fastest synchronizers available to date. The circuit reduces metastability failure with a high gain-bandwidth product and longer settling time per clock cycle. High gain-bandwidth product is accomplished with n-p-n transistors driving a cross-coupled inverter latch with reduced node capacitance. Longer settling time is provided by omitting metastability immune circuitry and using a parallel staged synchronizer. >
FFT with reduced coefficient storage requirement

The factorization of the Fourier coefficients in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is reexamined. The author presents a modified radix-2 FFT where the coefficient storage requirement is reduced by close to 50% if the coefficient memory cycle is half that of the operation cycle. This refactorization of the FFT coefficient is a generalization of the decimation in time (DIT) and decimation in frequency (DIF) FFT algorithms. The DIT and DIF are the two extremes of FFT twiddle coefficient factorization. >
The last half-century of psychiatric services as reflected in psychiatric services.

The last half-century of psychiatric services in the United States is examined through developments and trends reported in the 50 years of publication of Psychiatric Services. The journal, earlier named Mental Hospitals and then Hospital and Community Psychiatry, was launched by the American Psychiatric Association in January 1950 and marks its 50th anniversary this year. The author organizes his review of psychiatric services largely around the locus of care and treatment because the location of treatment—institution versus community—has been the battleground for the ideology of care and for the crystallization of policy and legal reform. He uses "dehospitalization" to describe the movement of patients out of state hospitals, rejecting the widely used term "deinstitutionalization" as inappropriate; one reason is that the term wrongly implies that many settings where patients ended up were not institutional. Also covered in detail, as reflected in the journal, are community care and treatment, economics, ...
Potential collapse of whitespaces and the prospect for a universal power rule

The TV whitespaces have recently been opened up for semi-unlicensed use by frequency-agile radios. However, there is a potentially significant flaw in the adopted rules: they try to treat the whitespaces in a manner similar to the ISM bands — with per-device transmit-power constraints. Unfortunately, wireless interference aggregates and the population density across the United States of America varies by orders of magnitude. This means that the aggregate interference that TV receivers might face could increase as whitespace devices are deployed, and could collectively cause a loss of reception within the supposedly protected contours. However, it is not too late. The adopted geolocation plus databases approach lets us avoid this problem by changing database behavior — instead of just controlling where white-space devices operate, we should also hold their aggregate emissions to within a certain power density (i.e. by area). With the looming problem resolved, we can also try to address one of the main tensions within the entire TV whitespace approach: any set of allowed power/height/distance rules is implicitly prioritizing rural vs urban needs and picking favorites among different applications. Alas, the reality of aggregate interference prevents us from making everyone simultaneously perfectly happy. To enable higher transmit powers further from TV stations, we must necessarily reduce the allowed powers closer in. But amazingly, the properties of wireless propagation and information-theory combine to suggest that universally approximately-optimal approaches might be possible that could compromise between these competing interests in a principled way. We explore a pair of such rules and show that indeed, most people can get a data-rate close to what they would have gotten if the rules had been written especially for them.
Randomized clinical trial of brewed green and black tea in men with prostate cancer prior to prostatectomy

Background. Preclinical and epidemiologic studies suggest chemopreventive effects of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) in prostate cancer. In the current study we determined the effect of GT and BT consumption on biomarkers related to prostate cancer development and progression. Methods. In this exploratory, open label, phase II trial 113 men diagnosed with prostate cancer were randomized to consume six cups daily of brewed GT, BT or water (control) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). The primary endpoint was prostate tumor markers of cancer development and progression determined by tissue immunostaining of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, Tunel), inflammation (nuclear and cytoplasmic nuclear factor kappa B [NFkB]) and oxidation (8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine [8OHdG]). Secondary endpoints of urinary oxidation, tea polyphenol uptake in prostate tissue, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and ELISA analysis. Results. Ninety three patients completed the intervention. There was no significant difference in markers of proliferation, apoptosis and oxidation in RP tissue comparing GT and BT to water control. Nuclear staining of NFkB was significantly decreased in RP tissue of men consuming GT (P ¼0.013) but not BT (P ¼0.931) compared to water control. Tea polyphenols were detected in prostate tissue from 32 of 34 men consuming GT but not in the other groups. Evidence of a systemic antioxidant effect was observed (reduced urinary 8OHdG) only with GT consumption (P ¼0.03). GT, but not BT or water, also led to a small but statistically significant decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (P ¼0.04). Conclusion. Given the GT-induced changes in NFkB and systemic oxidation, and uptake of GT polyphenols in prostate tissue, future longer-term studies are warranted to further examine the role of GT for prostate cancer prevention and treatment, and possibly for other prostate conditions such as prostatitis. Prostate # 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multimedia Technologies and Familiar Spaces: 21st-Century Teaching for 21st-Century Learners

This article explores 21st century skills, nonlinear thinking skills, and the need for student reflection—which, taken together, serve as an essential foundation for digital-age teaching of today’s hypertext learners. The authors discuss why preservice teachers need to use multimedia technologies within the context of students’ familiar, technology-rich living spaces to develop their own teaching skills and the technology skills of their students. Exemplary multimedia samples are offered as demonstrations of ways to develop essential technology-related skills in the next generation of teachers.
The Organizational Properties of the Self-concept and Instability of Affect

Affect instability, a core symptom of several major mental illnesses, contributes to high levels of subjective distress and impaired self-care abilities. The findings of previous studies have shown that, in asymptomatic samples, the organizational properties of the self-concept impact shortterm affect regulation. In this study, that work is extended to examine the association between the organizational properties of the self-concept and instability of affect in adults with a major mental illness. Subjects were 19 adults with a major mental illness (clinical) and 10 asymptomatic adults. Zajonc's card-sorting task was used to measure two organizational properties: (a) differentiation-the number of attributes included in the self-concept, and (b) unity-the degree of interdependence among the attributes. An experience sampling procedure was used to obtain 50 measures of affect across a 10-day period. The clinical group experienced more instability of negative affects than the asymptomatic group. Furthermore, the clinical group had lower differentiation and higher unity of the self-concept than the asymptomatic controls, although both organizational properties were related to education. In the total sample, differentiation was not related to instability of affect. Unity accounted for 21% of the variance in instability of negative affect. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Affect instability, rapid and extreme shifts from baseline to high levels of negative affect, is a core symptom of several major mental illnesses including borderline, schizotypal, and histrionic personality disorders, eating disorders, and atypical depression (Cowdry, Gardner, O'Leary, Leibenluft, & Rubinow, 1991; Ellison & Adler, 1990; Gunderson, Zanarini, & Kisiel, 1991; Rodin, Silberstein, & Striegel-Moore, 1984; Siever, Klar, & Coccaro, 1985; Striegel-Moore, Silberstein, & Rodin, 1986). Unlike the affect dysregulation associated with major mood disorders in which people experience stable levels of sadness or elation over a period of days or even weeks, affect states in these clinical populations are highly volatile with extreme changes occurring within a period of only a few hours. Individuals with these disorders tend to be highly sen
A Novel Data Mining Technique for Extracting Events and Inter Knowledge based Information from Wireless Sensor Networks

Advances in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) led to the emergence of a large number of applications for monitoring physical and critical environments. WSNs monitor the environments, detect events and report them to the applications. WSNs suffer from limited resources and yet they are responsible for delivering large amounts of data. This paper discusses the possibility of deriving useful information from reported data to gain insight about the status of the WSN, like predicting the existence of faulty nodes. A data mining technique is proposed to extract what we call chronological patterns. Chronological patterns can be thought of as tutorials that teach about the set of sensors that report events within a defined time interval. The proposed technique uses a new representation structure for the data extracted from WSNs. This structure, which we refer to as a Chronological Tree (CT), provides an efficient way of sub-pattern checking and a compressed format of large amounts of data. First, we introduce the way of extracting data from WSNs. We then discuss the CT structure and our proposed mining technique.
Operative treatment of elbow injuries

Abstract Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 19, No 4 (April), 2003: pp 446–450
Close relationships and acting for self-set goals

The study addressed the influence of a close relationship with a partner. The hypothesis that stronger interpersonal bonds (partner's support, cohesiveness, emotional ties) lead a goal pursuer to expand greater effort and to feel greater satisfaction in working toward self-set goal was tested. The data were collected from 200 Ss involved in a close relationship by means of a Goal Questionnaire referring to goal properties (importance, expectancy, conflict), to action dimensions (effort, persistence, satisfaction) and to interpersonal relations between a goal pursuer and his partner (support, dependence, emotional control). The data analysis (ANOVA) revealed that the high support (vs. low) was significantly related to greater effort, persistence and satisfaction. Also high emotional control was related to higher persistence and high dependence resulted in stronger satisfaction from goal-related activity. The path analysis showed that partner's support influences the goal-related activity in two ways, directly through enhancing persistence and satisfaction and indirectly by increasing individual's expectancy of successful goal attainment.
Reply to correspondence letter: enema-induced severe hyperphosphatemia in children

Sir, We thank Dr. M. Caswell for his comment on our paper [1]. There is no discussion that our patient received an overdose of a phosphate-containing enema. Especially in children with developmental delay, enemas are part of everyday care. Therefore, it was important for us to report a pediatric patient with hypertonic phosphate-containing enema-related toxicity, which might be fatal. Clysmol® (Fleet Co; volume 125) is licensed in Austria for children >2 years and for adults. In children, it is recommended to give half a bottle per application, but there is no daily maximum dose recommendation. Such a recommendation would be helpful to parents and caregivers to prevent overdosing.
Asymmetrical quartz crystallographic fabrics formed during constrictional deformation

Numerical simulations predict unique quartz crystallographic fabric patterns for plane strain, flattening, and constriction. Multiple studies support the predictions for plane strain and flattening. To test predictions for constriction, this paper analyzes five examples of quartz crystallographic fabrics from a 1km-wide domain of L tectonites in the Pigeon Point high-strain zone, Klamath Mountains, California, U.S.A. These samples were deformed under greenschist- to amphibolite-facies conditions. Quartz c-axis fabrics are similar to the predicted double-girdle fabrics except that amphibolite-facies samples exhibit caxis maxima and are distinctly asymmetrical about the elongation lineations. Activation of different slip systems combined with small deviations from pure constriction account for the c-axis maxima, and noncoaxial flow accounts for the fabric asymmetry. The simple-shear component is randomly oriented in geographic coordinates throughout the domain of L tectonites. These data confirm that numerical simulations predict the quartz c-axis fabric geometry developed during constriction for some deformation conditions, and they confirm the quartz a-axis patterns predicted for constriction for the first time. These data also demonstrate that the relationship between quartz crystallographic fabrics and strain geometry is not straightforward, and they indicate that a-axis fabrics may be more useful indicators of strain geometry variations.
Functions of Dysfunction: Managing the Dynamics of an Organizational Duality in a Natural Food Cooperative

We report the results of an ethnographic study of a natural food cooperative in which we found an inherent tension in its mission between idealism and prag- matism, and we explore the dynamics through which that tension was man- aged and engaged in day-to-day governance and activities. Insights from participant observation, archival data, semi-structured interviews, and surveys provide a detailed and holistic account of the intergroup and intragroup pro- cesses through which the co-op negotiated its dualistic nature, as embodied in its hybrid organizational identity. The findings suggest that the value of each side of the duality was recognized at both the individual and organizational lev- els. Members' discomfort with the duality, however, led them to split the mis- sion in two and identify with one part, while projecting their less-favored part on others, creating an identity foil (an antithesis). This splitting resulted in ingroups and outgroups and heated intergroup conflict over realizing coopera- tive ideals vs. running a viable business. Ingroup members favoring one part of the mission nonetheless identified with the outgroup favoring the other because it embodied a side of themselves they continued to value. Individuals who exemplified their ingroup's most extreme attributes were seen by the out- group as prototypical, thus serving as ''lightning rods'' for intergroup conflict; this dynamic paradoxically enabled other ingroup members to work more effec- tively with moderate members of the outgroup. The idealist-pragmatist duality was kept continually in play over time through oscillating decisions and actions that shifted power from one group to the other, coupled with ongoing rituals to repair and maintain relationships disrupted by the messiness of the process. Thus ostensible dysfunctionality at the group level fostered functionality at the organizational level.
Regularization and Search for Minimum Error Rate Training

Minimum error rate training (MERT) is a widely used learning procedure for statistical machine translation models. We contrast three search strategies for MERT: Powell's method, the variant of coordinate descent found in the Moses MERT utility, and a novel stochastic method. It is shown that the stochastic method obtains test set gains of +0.98 BLEU on MT03 and +0.61 BLEU on MT05. We also present a method for regularizing the MERT objective that achieves statistically significant gains when combined with both Powell's method and coordinate descent.
Determining the Pion Reference Momentum for nuSTORM Injection Design

The stochastic injection scenario used by nuSTORM features the pion decay and secondary muon acceptance in the storage ring’s long decay straight [1,2]. The designed momentum acceptance of the nuSTORM decay ring is centered at 3.8 GeV/c, based on neutrino detector performance, with a $\pm\,$10% bin. In order to design the injection section, and to obtain as many useful muons from pion decay as possible, the center momentum of the pion beam being injected needs to be carefully chosen. This paper describes in detail the determination of the center momentum of the pion beam, with simulation from G4Beamline [3].
Which Accelerates Faster--A Falling Ball or a Porsche?.

An introductory physics experiment has been developed to address the issues seen in conventional physics lab classes including assumption verification, technological dependencies, and real world motivation for the experiment. The experiment has little technology dependence and compares the acceleration due to gravity by using position versus time graphs and the kinematic equation. The students are then asked to compare the acceleration they found to the one of a Porsche car which they seem surprised when they learn about it. This experiment may contribute significantly to the understanding of the concept of acceleration and the appreciation for the force of gravity.
CRITICAL REALISM AND COMMON GOODS

This article puts critical realism in conversation with the classical Aristotelian concept of the common good. This concept plays an essential explanatory role in Aristotelian thought, not only a normative one, and so it has something to offer critical realism, which in turn can provide a sound metatheory for common good reflection. It is argued that accounts of emergence based on causal powers and common purpose are compatible and mutually enlightening. Critical realism can develop a distinctive conception of common good based around ontological stratification and social teleology. In this conception, empirical social enquiry is essential for understanding what common goods are available in given social settings, since common goods flow from the intransitive real features of social entities, especially their causal powers.
EVALUATION OF TWO SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF MELON APHID AND SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY ON SQUASH, 1998

EVALUATION OF TWO SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF MELON APHID AND SILVERLEAF WHITEFLY ON SQUASH, 1998: Two rates of CGA-293343 and one rate of CGA-293343 in combination with weekly applications of CGA-245704 (a fungicide) were evaluated for efficacy against melon aphid and silverleaf whitefly and compared with a standard, Admire. Yellow crookneck squash, 'Dixie,' was direct-seeded on 16 Apr at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Leesburg, FL. Soil type was Alachua fine sand. Each plot consisted of four 35-ft rows, 6 ft apart, with plants spaced 2.5 ft apart within the row. Treatments were replicated four times in an RCB design. Admire and CGA-293343 were applied as drenches (1 pt diluted formulation per hill) at planting. CGA-245704 was applied weekly as a foliar spray, beginning on 20 May and ending on 10 Jun, with a 2-row tractormounted boom sprayer with 14 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow cone nozzles delivering 110 gpa at 200 psi. Five nozzles were spaced 8 inches apart over each row, and 2 drop nozzles were positioned to spray the sides of each row. Rates are given in the tables. On 12 May, all plants in all plots were infested with melon aphids from a laboratory colony. Adult whiteflies from a laboratory colony were released in the plots at 2to 3-d intervals from 12 to 28 May. Adult whiteflies were counted by turning over the fourth leaf down from the terminal shoot of 20 plants per plot on 19 May and 2 Jun. Aphids and whitefly eggs and nymphs were counted on 20 leaves of similar size per plot on 19 and 26 May and on 2 and 9 Jun. Aphids were counted on whole leaves. Whitefly eggs and nymphs were counted on 3 leaf disks from half of each leaf (total area of 3 disks = 1.0 in2). A square root transformation was used to stabilize the variance of counts for analysis. A two-way ANOVA and a mean separation test (Waller-Duncan k-ratio test) were used to determine significant differences among treatments.
Bayesian approach to the analysis of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy data I: theory.

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful tool to infer the physical process of macromolecules including local concentration, binding, and transport from fluorescence intensity measurements. Interpretation of FCS data relies critically on objective multiple hypothesis testing of competing models for complex physical processes that are typically unknown a priori. Here, we propose an objective Bayesian inference procedure for testing multiple competing models to describe FCS data based on temporal autocorrelation functions. We illustrate its performance on simulated temporal autocorrelation functions for which the physical process, noise, and sampling properties can be controlled completely. The procedure enables the systematic and objective evaluation of an arbitrary number of competing, non-nested physical models for FCS data, appropriately penalizing model complexity according to the Principle of Parsimony to prefer simpler models as the signal-to-noise ratio decreases. In addition to eli...
Cluster identification based on correlations

The problem addressed is the identification of cooperating agents based on correlations created as a result of the joint action of these and other agents. A systematic method for using correlations beyond second moments is developed. The technique is applied to a didactic example, the identification of alphabet letters based on correlations among the pixels used in an image of the letter. As in this example, agents can belong to more than one cluster. Moreover, the identification scheme does not require that the patterns be known ahead of time.
Supporting everyday activities through always-available mobile computing

Ubiquitous Computing provides us a vision of computing fading into the background and gracefully supporting our everyday activities. However, our interactions with mobile devices still demand so much of our physical, visual, and cognitive attention that mobile applications are tasks unto themselves, often interrupting the activities they seek to support. For example, the physical interfaces of portable music players are well designed for situations where people can see the controls while holding the device in their hand. However, when people use these devices to listen to music or manage their workout while exercising, they often are forced to interrupt their activity just to advance to the next song. As our primary use of computing continues to move off the desktop, we need new interfaces to mobile computing that expand the types of situations in which people can make use of computing. In this dissertation, I explore always-available interfaces to improve our current interactions and to enable new mobile computing opportunities. The experiments I have conducted and the systems I have built demonstrate my thesis that: Finger level gestures detected and classified through forearm electromyography can enable an always-available interaction paradigm for mobile computing.
Fibrin clot prevents bone tunnel enlargement after ACL reconstruction with allograft.

Bone tunnel enlargement is a feared complication after ACL reconstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether adding a fibrin clot to the allograft for anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction would reduce tunnel widening. Fifty patients who underwent anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction were included. Twenty-five patients received an allograft alone, and 25 patients received an allograft with fibrin clot. All patients underwent standard plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the operated knee immediately after surgery and at 1-year follow-up. The size of the tunnels was measured at both time points to calculate tunnel widening. Tunnel widening at 1 year was compared between the allograft and the allograft + fibrin clot group. There was significantly less tunnel widening in the allograft + fibrin clot group for the femoral tunnel width in the middle and distal portion of the tunnel and for the tibial tunnel width in the proximal and distal portions, as compared to the allograft only group. Adding a fibrin clot to the allograft in anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction reduces the amount of tunnel widening at 1-year follow-up. Reducing tunnel widening may positively affect outcomes after ACL surgery and may prevent inadequate bone stock during ACL revision procedures. Case–control study, Level III.
Analysis of Precautionary Policy on Health Risk for Chronic Exposure to Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields

Recently,the safety of existed international EMF guidelines or national standards on the limits of electric and magnetic fields(EMF) is doubted,and it is suggested to develop the precautionary to reduce the exposure limits as low as possible to guarantee the public health,so,it is necessary to analyze the rationality by this kind of approach.Thereby,we investigated the principles for developing precautionary policy on health risk of EMF by international organizations,tracked the situations in some typical countries,including Italy and the Switzerland,which enacted precautionary limits in the form of decree or ordinance,and put forward some suggestions or recommendations according to the status of corporation in China.The precautionary measures with no or low cost should be taken to optimize the conductor arrangement and to reduce the exposure level,so the benefit-cost should be analyzed for the plan policies or measures.It is concluded that the government and corporation should make a distinct difference in unconfirmed risk and do the discrimination separately on the policies and measures.Electric corporations need to take actions to intensify the consciousness of comprehensively and scientifically dealing with the issue on environmental health for EMF,to enhance the cognition degree of international mainstream viewpoints and research achievement,and to improve the ability of forecasting and monitoring the risk for environmental protection of power network.
Xenopus Egg Cytoplasm with Intact Actin

We report optimized methods for preparing Xenopus egg extracts without cytochalasin D, that we term "actin-intact egg extract." These are undiluted egg cytoplasm that contains abundant organelles, and glycogen which supplies energy, and represents the least perturbed cell-free cytoplasm preparation we know of. We used this system to probe cell cycle regulation of actin and myosin-II dynamics (Field et al., 2011), and to reconstitute the large, interphase asters that organize early Xenopus embryos (Mitchison et al., 2012; Wuhr, Tan, Parker, Detrich, & Mitchison, 2010). Actin-intact Xenopus egg extracts are useful for analysis of actin dynamics, and interaction of actin with other cytoplasmic systems, in a cell-free system that closely mimics egg physiology, and more generally for probing the biochemistry and biophysics of the egg, zygote, and early embryo. Detailed protocols are provided along with assays used to check cell cycle state and tips for handling and storing undiluted egg extracts.
Charting the moral life courses: A theory of moral development in U.S. evangelical and mainline Protestant cultures:

Drawing from qualitative analyses of interviews, ethnographic data, and a review of interdisciplinary literature, this manuscript puts forth a theory of moral life course narratives among U.S. evangelical and mainline Protestants. This theory delineates the relationship between religious worldviews and conceptions of moral behaviors, and the manner in which these worldviews and attendant moral conceptions change across the life course for community members. Grounded theory analyses of 32 participants’ divinity-based moral discourses were interpreted in conjunction with their worldviews, as well as church, home, and school contexts. Analyses indicated that evangelical children highlighted their moral transgressions because they regarded themselves as still quite close to a sinful birth. Evangelical adults, who had been saved and were moving toward God, temporally and spiritually distanced themselves from the morally wrong deeds of their youth. Meanwhile, mainline children and adolescents rarely reasoned ab...
Applications of Linear Free Energy Relationships to Polycyclic Arenes and to Heterocyclic Compounds

The purpose of this chapter is briefly to review the application of the Hammett equation, the extended Hammett equation,† and related linear free energy relationships to polycyclic arenes and to heterocyclic compounds. No comprehensive review of the application of linear free energy relationships to polynuclear aromatic systems exists. Wells et al. 1 have described the application of the extended Hammett equation to substituted naphthalene series, and Zuman2 has reviewed the application of the Hammett equation to Polarographic data for condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds. No other specialized reviews of this area are available. For heterocyclic compounds, an excellent comprehensive review by Jaffe and Jones3 appeared in 1964. Since then, Tomasik has published an extensive review (1971)4 and a monograph (1974)5 on the application of linear free energy relationships to heterocyclic compounds. Unfortunately, both of these works are in Polish, and thus are not readily accessible to most English-speaking chemists. Zuman2 has reviewed the application of the Hammett equation to Polarographic data for mono- and polycyclic heterocyclic compounds. It is clear then, that there is a real need for a review dealing with polycyclic arenes and with heterocyclic compounds.
Reasons, Rationality and Agency

Chapter 3 claimed that reasons to overcome repression are a type of relative external reason, but did not have much to say about what a reason for action is or why these relative external reasons should count as reasons for action. It is now time to come clean about this, but the effort to do so is complicated by the conclusion of Chapter 5, which revealed the important insight that even if a reason to overcome repression is warranted by the future coherence it would yield, deliberating about that warrant will not cause a repressed agent to act on or even acknowledge his reason to overcome repression. Insofar as an agent is moved to overcome repression, he is led to do so by forces outside of his own volitional self-control, believing all the while that what he is doing is wrong. If this really is the case, one is left wondering why a reason to overcome repression should even count as a reason for action if it does not do any of the work typically associated with reasons for action. It does not motivate the agent to overcome his repression, nor does it, from the agent’s perspective at least, normatively authorize such a move. Moreover, as he overcomes his repression, his actions seem less than rational because he does not seem well enough in control of his actions to be in full in possession of his agency.
The Eudaimonics of Positive Emotions

In this chapter, Fredrickson empirically explores the dynamic interrelationships between experiences of hedonia and eudaimonia. She first reviews her team’s recent research that relates these two forms of wellbeing to a genomic marker of physical health comprised of an evidence-based 53-gene composite assayed from participants’ circulating white blood cells. Across two independent studies (N = 198), results reveal that when measures of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing are simultaneously used to predict gene expression profiles, only eudaimonic wellbeing significantly associates with a healthy pattern of gene expression. This association was replicated in two additional studies (N = 107 and 108), each using a distinct but related measure of eudaimonia. Fredrickson next discusses the role of positive emotions – one core aspect of hedonia – in fostering human health and longevity by reviewing evidence that positive emotions forecast and cause increases in eudaimonia. Building on this evidence, she describes a recent re-analysis of data that tests for an indirect path from hedonic wellbeing to healthy profiles of gene expression, as mediated by eudaimonic wellbeing. Results suggest that hedonic wellbeing, measured in a variety of ways, predicts a healthy pattern of gene expression, as mediated by eudaimonic wellbeing. Fredrickson concludes that, in line with the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, hedonic states broaden people’s mindsets in ways that help them to discover and build self-transcendent experiences of purpose, meaning, contribution, and interconnectedness. Hedonia and eudaimonia are thus dynamically intertwined facets of wellbeing, each of which plays a vital role the process of human flourishing.
Response of a subarctic salt marsh plant community to foraging by captive lesser snow geese

Foraging intensity and faecal inputs are important determinants of plant community response to herbivory. We used captive adult lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens), which feed on bo...
Damage to Aging Thymic Stroma and De Novo T Cell Development.

Successful T lymphopoiesis is essential for maintaining resistance to infection, mediating graft versus tumor activity, and as a platform for some immune based therapies. Among the most profound age-related change affecting the hemopoietic system is involution of the thymus and a decline in T cell production. Coordinated interaction of marrow-derived lymphoid progenitors with thymic stromal cells is required for successful de novo T lymphopoiesis. Current models of thymic involution indicate that aging alters the capacity of thymic stromal cells to support this de novo T cell lymphopoiesis. Loss of specific sets of thymic stromal cells, or loss of specific lympho-stromal signaling interactions may partially explain age-based impaired T cell reconstitution. Prior models examining the potential to reconstitute the aged thymus have been conducted either in vitro or in cyto-reduced hosts, and thus largely risk confounding cytotoxic damage with age-related damage. We have established an in vivo functional assessment of the ability of thymic stroma to support de novo T lymphocyte development. In the absence of radiation or chemotherapy this system supports robust thymic reconstitution after transplantation of limited numbers of T cell depleted wild type precursors. We have previously demonstrated that the capacity for reconstitution in this model system depends on the presence of normal, but empty, stromal niches. Using this model we have demonstrated that a variety of chemotherapeutic agents damage the thymic stroma and impair robust reconstitution. We now present data demonstrating that with increasing age reconstitution becomes less robust. Thus in mice older than 16 months unlike in those younger than twelve months, donor derived T lymphocytes can be identified, but the absolute cellularity of the thymus does not increase after transplant. In addition, we demonstrate that there are agent specific defects in the stromal compartments of treated aged mice. We have proceeded to identify a subset of agents (including split dose irradiation) that impair reconstitution in aged recipients but do not do so in the young. Thus while reconstitution of the thymus of young mice subjected to hyperfractionated total body irradiation declines 28 +/− 3% that of old mice treated in the same manner declines 91 +/− 6%. This last finding has enabled us to identify specific “at risk” stromal populations that normally appear to support the DN2 to DN3 transition in T lymphopoiesis. In a series of experiments designed to ask whether these at risk stromal populations can be protected from injury we identify agent specific differences in mechanisms of injury. It is anticipated that results from these investigations will augment our understanding of lympho-stromal interactions crucial to normal intra-thymic T cell development.
Aligning Yoga With Its Evolving Role in Health Care: Comments on Yoga Practice, Policy, Research:

Evidence is accumulating that suggests that yoga has beneficial effects in mitigating the impact of certain diseases. As a result, efforts are being made to medicalize yoga and use it within integrative medicine as a therapy. However, there are substantial shortcomings in the practice, policy, and research of yoga that undermine its optimal use. Yoga as a modality functions within a context. Therefore, it is important to occasionally step back and examine the entirety of the context from a high vantage to assess whether the tactical and programmatic endeavors are aligned with the strategic intended purpose. This commentary discusses a few policy issues relevant to some key stakeholders. It suggests that yoga therapists need to calibrate their model of yoga by reducing emphasis on postures and increasing it on meditation and breathing exercises while catering to clients with chronic conditions. It recommends that yoga research should be more critical in evaluating yoga's fundamental tenets and use reductionist approach to do so. It proposes that autonomous regulators should extricate injury prone postures from the body of yoga practice for regulatory purposes, rather than regulate yoga summarily. It is suggested that payers should pay for yoga. However, they should use payment model as it is used for vaccination, instead of paying as it is done for physiotherapy. It concludes that yoga can help, but before it can help it needs help itself, and the various stakeholders need to reflect on the big picture so that they can collaborate on these improvements.
Amniotic Fluid Assessment: Amniotic Fluid Index Versus Maximum Vertical Pocket:

Amniotic fluid assessment is vital to fetal well-being. Accurately diagnosing an amniotic fluid abnormality can aid in the proper management of a pregnancy at risk for an adverse outcome. Sonograph...
Evidence of Interspecific Competition Between Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Some Greenhouse-Grown Plants

Two whitefly species, sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF) [Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)] and greenhouse whitefly (GHWF) [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood)], sometimes infest many greenhouse-grown ornamental plants at the same time, particularly during the early infestation period. Large cage, Petri-dish cage, and leaf clip-on cage experiments were conducted in greenhouses and temperature-controlled chambers to examine the competitive interactions of these two whiteflies on green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). The results demonstrated that the two species do not coexist on the same leaf for a time period of longer than two generations (approximately 50–60 days), and that GHWF was the dominant species on green bean while SPWF was the dominant species on poinsettia. Shifts in species dominance between the two whitefly species were not affected by cage size, initial density, and constant temperatures of 20, 25, and 30°C. Dominance of one species over the other on a given ...
Abstract 463: Transregulation and Plasma Membrane Recruitment of the Dopamine-1 (D1R) and Angiotensin Type 2 (AT2R) Receptors in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (RPTC)

Both the D1R and AT2R are key natriuretic receptors in that stimulation by dopamine agonists or AT2R agonist angiotensin III (AngIII) increases cAMP and cGMP, respectively, causing inhibition of sodium reabsorption. The interdependence of D1R and AT2R stimulation on receptor translocation has not been studied. We utilized normally coupled RPTC (nRPTC) and RPTC with defective D1R coupling to adenylyl cyclase (uRPTC). A 1 hr addition of the cell permeable cyclic nucleotide analogs 8Br-cGMP (1 mM) or 8Br-cAMP (1 mM) caused a similar recruitment of both D1R and AT2R, as measured by cell surface biotinylation and western blotting (see table below). Flow cytometry confirmed these results using fluorescently labeled extracellular epitope-specific D1R and AT2R antibodies. When 8Br-cAMP and 8Br-cGMP were added together, no added effects were seen. AngIII-alone increased plasma membrane recruitment of D1R (1.23±0.04 fold, n=6, p In conclusion, we found a novel AngIII-interdependent AT2R and D1R cell surface recruitment in human nRPTC cells. Furthermore, defects in this pathway in uRPTC can be bypassed by incubating the cells with either 8Br-cAMP or 8Br-cGMP.