cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Government budget deficits, nominal andex ante real long-term interest rates in the U.K., 1960:1–1990:2

This paper explores the impact of government budget deficits on the U.K. nominal and ex ante real long-term interest rates over the period from 1960:1 to 1990:2 utilizing an open and closed economy IS-LM model. An open economy IS-LM model indicates that nominal and ex ante real long-term interest rates are affected by the expected rate of inflation, the real money stock, the real government budget deficit, the real government spending, and the real balance of trade.
Environmental Anthropology Engaging Permaculture: Moving Theory and Practice Toward Sustainability

Using a variety of theoretical rubrics, recent work in ecological and environmental anthropology has revealed that human–environment interactions within the context of global capitalism are complex and have increasingly unjust and unsustainable outcomes. As globalization proceeds and associated socio-environmental problems become clear, it is important that ecological and environmental anthropologists use empirical research to develop both theoretical and practical approaches to addressing the sustainability challenge. We suggest that an anthropological engagement with permaculture represents an especially timely opportunity for anthropologists to move toward sustainability in ways that complement and enable us to extend our traditional areas of theoretical and practical expertise. Permaculture is a development strategy that has a history of grassroots application, but it has been largely ignored by mainstream development practitioners and anthropologists alike. We argue that permaculture deserves a closer look. In this article, we trace the historical development of permaculture, provide examples of permaculture in practice in an ecovillage context, identify compatible areas of research within environmental anthropology, and make suggestions for engagement.
The Kármán gait: novel body kinematics of rainbow trout swimming in a vortex street

Most fishes commonly experience unsteady flows and hydrodynamic perturbations during their lifetime. In this study, we provide evidence that rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss voluntarily alter their body kinematics when interacting with vortices present in the environment that are not self-generated. To demonstrate this, we measured axial swimming kinematics in response to changes in known hydrodynamic wake characteristics. We compared trout swimming in the Karman street behind different diameter cylinders (2.5 and 5 cm) at two flow speeds (2.5 and 4.5 L s(-1), where L is total body length) to trout swimming in the free stream and in the cylinder bow wake. Trout swimming behind cylinders adopt a distinctive, previously undescribed pattern of movement in order to hold station, which we term the Karman gait. During this gait, body amplitudes and curvatures are much larger than those of trout swimming at an equivalent flow velocity in the absence of a cylinder. Tail-beat frequency is not only lower than might be expected for a trout swimming in the reduced flow behind a cylinder, but also matches the vortex shedding frequency of the cylinder. Therefore, in addition to choosing to be in the slower flow velocity offered behind a cylinder (drafting), trout are also altering their body kinematics to synchronize with the shed vortices (tuning), using a mechanism that may not involve propulsive locomotion. This behavior is most distinctive when cylinder diameter is large relative to fish length. While tuning, trout have a longer body wavelength than the prescribed wake wavelength, indicating that only certain regions of the body may need to be oriented in a consistent manner to the oncoming vortices. Our results suggest that fish can capture energy from vortices generated by the environment to maintain station in downstream flow. Interestingly, trout swimming in front of a cylinder display lower tail-beat amplitudes and body wave speeds than trout subjected to any of the other treatments, implying that the bow wake may be the most energetically favorable region for a fish to hold station near a cylinder.
Experimental Investigation of a Novel Blast Wave Mitigation Device

A novel blast wave mitigation device was investigated experimentally in this paper. The device consists of a piston-cylinder assembly. A shock wave is induced within the cylinder when a blast wave impacts on the piston. The shock wave propagates inside the device and is reflected repeatedly. The shock wave propagation process inside the device lengthens the duration of the force on the base of the device to several orders of magnitude of the duration of the blast wave, while it decreases the maximum pressure by several orders of magnitude. Two types of experiments were carried out to study the blast wave mitigation device. The first type of experiments was done with honeycomb structures protected by the blast wave mitigation device. Experimental results show that the device can adequately protect the honeycomb structure. A second type of experiments was done using a Hopkinson bar to measure the pressure transmitted through the blast wave mitigation device. The experimental results agree well with results from a theoretical model.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Imaging–Histologic Discordance at Percutaneous Biopsy of the Lung

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to quantify the degree of imaging–histologic discordance in a cohort of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT)–guided lung biopsy for focal lung disease. Materials and Methods A retrospective review was performed of 186 patients who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy of a parenchymal lesion at our institution between January and December 2009. Diagnostic radiology reports of CT or positron emission tomography–CTs performed before biopsy were used to classify the lesion as malignant or benign by five readers. Pathology reports of the biopsied lesions were classified by three readers. Inter-reader agreement and imaging–histologic concordance were quantified using kappa statistics. Discordant benign cases were then revisited to determine downstream effects. Results Inter-reader agreement on report content was substantial or almost perfect with kappas >0.783. Kappas for concordance were as follows: malignant (0.448), primary lung cancer (0.517), metastatic disease to lung (0.449), benign (0.510), and overall agreement (0.381). Of the twelve discordant benign cases that were revisited, four were found to be false negatives, resulting in a delay in diagnosis. Conclusions Our study of imaging–histologic discordance in percutaneous biopsy of lung lesions supports the need for imaging report standardization and improved integration and communication between the fields of radiology and pathology.
Modeling Springback of Metal-Polymer-Metal Laminates

Metal-polymer-metal laminate is an emerging material that has many potential applications. The laminated structure consists of two outer layers of sheet metal and a polymeric center core. The material offers excellent sound deadening properties and is being introduced to applications where noise reduction is desired. Part manufacturing for laminates involves converting a flat sheet into a deformed body. Springback has been a major concern in shape control. While bending of a single layered sheet metal does not exhibit significant sidewall curl, the problem is pronounced in bending laminates. This paper presents an analytical approach to predict springback and sidewall curl of laminates due to wiper die bending. Based on the integration of a straight beam and a curved beam models, the springback factor K s is calculated. It is shown that the prediction is in good agreement with the published experimental data. Application of the integrated model to minimize the springback and side wall curl is demonstrated. The analytical model leads to a simple expression that predicts the springback factor. The ability to predict the shape analytically is significant, since other methods require extensive finite element simulation of the deformation process.
Educational Reform in an Era of Disinformation

Data which suggest the failure of America's schools to educate its youth well do not survive careful scrutiny. School reforms based on these questionable data are wrongheaded and potentially distructive of quality education. Reforms of the kind proposed by those who have started from an assumption that America's schools have failed will exacerbate the differences between the "have" and the "have-not" school districts.
Expression as Realization: Speakers’ Interests in Freedom of Speech

I argue for the recognition of a particular kind of interest that one has in freedom of expression: an interest served by expressive activity in forming and discovering one’s own beliefs, desires, and commitments. In articulating that interest, I aim to contribute to a family of theories of freedom of expression that find its justification in the interests that speakers have in their own speech or thought, to be distinguished from whatever interests they may also have as audiences or third parties for speech. Although there are many differences among such speaker-centered theories, a core commitment that most share is that expressive liberty plays a fundamental role in securing or constituting some form of individual self-realization. My account is a defense and elaboration of what I take to be one specific (but not exclusive) way in which the nature of such self-realization should be understood. In my proposal, self-realization is sometimes internally related to the very activity of expression, viz, expressing ourselves is one way in which we come to form and know our own minds.
Disaggregating Management Forecasts to Reduce Investors’ Susceptibility to Earnings Fixation

ABSTRACT: This study examines disaggregated management forecasts as a mechanism to reduce investors’ fixation on announced earnings. Our experimental results suggest that investors’ earnings fixation is reduced when they initially observe a disaggregated management forecast (earnings and its components) versus when they observe an aggregated forecast (earnings only). We also provide theory-consistent evidence that this reduction in earnings fixation is associated with investors interpreting the summary net income figure as one of several similarly important evaluation inputs rather than a substantially more important input (relative to its components). Finally, we provide evidence that suggests our results are not bounded by the level of emphasis on net income in the subsequent earnings announcement, and not fully explained by three plausible alternative explanations. Our study extends the voluntary disclosure literature by providing evidence that the form of management disclosures can influence investors...
The bobble-head doll syndrome: an early sign of hydrocephalus. Two new cases and a review of the literature.

SUMMARY Two new cases of the bobble-head doll syndrome are presented and the literature is reviewed. The pathogenesis of this movement disorder and the differential diagnosis of head bobbing in children are discussed. Abnormalities of eye-movements, endocrine status, intellectual development and other possible neuromuscular dysfunctions, including CSF neurotransmitters, should be carefully assessed. Detailed neuropathological studies are needed to understand this syndrome better. The importance of early recognition of this unique but treatable neuropediatric condition is stressed. RESUME Le syndrome de la poupee a tete ballottante: un signe precoce d'hydrocephalic Deux nouveaux cas de syndrome de poupee a tete ballottante et une revue de la litterature sont presentes. La pathogenie de ce trouble de mouvement et le diagnostic differentiel de ballottement de tete chez l'enfant sont discutes. II est insiste sur l'ineret de la reconnaissance precoce d'un signe d'une situation curable. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das ‘bobble-head doll’ Syndrom: Ein Fruhzeichen des Hydrocephalus Zwei neue Falle des ‘bobble head doll’ Syndrom und ein Uberblick uber die Literatur werden gegeben. Die Pathogenese dieser Bewegungsstorung und die Differentialdiagnose des Kopfwackelns bei Kindern werden diskutiert. Die Fruherkennung dieses Zeichens einer behandelbaren Situation wird betont. RESUMEN El sindrome de muneca con cabeza pendular Se presentan dos nuevos casos de sindrome de muneca con cabeza pendular, asi como una revision de la literatura. Se discute la patogenia de esta alteracion del movimiento y el diagnostico diferencial de la cabeza pendular en ninos. Se insiste en el diagnostico precoz de este signo de una alteracion tratable.
PT-symmetric microring lasers

We show that a multimode laser cavity when accompanied by an identical but lossy partner can lase at a single longitudinal mode. Our experimental results demonstrate this mode-selective effect in parity-time (PT) symmetric micro-rings lasers.
Failing to Plan Is Planning to Fail: Improving the Quality of Care With Survivorship Care Plans

The recent Institute of Medicine report "From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition" recommended the creation of survivorship care plans for patients as they complete primary therapy for cancer to ensure clarity for all involved about patients' diagnoses, treatments received, and surveillance plans. Any previously existing follow-up guidelines for cancer survivors have been largely restricted to surveillance for recurrence of the primary disease. An important message of the Institute of Medicine report is that survivorship care plans must surpass this and address the chronic effects of cancer (pain, fatigue, premature menopause, depression/anxiety), monitoring for and preventing late effects like osteoporosis, heart disease, and second malignancies, and promoting healthy lifestyles. It should explicitly identify the providers responsible for each aspect of ongoing care and provide information on resources available for psychosocial and other practical issues that may arise as a result of the prior cancer diagnosis. Although having some sort of a plan is clearly necessary to achieve high quality care, there are practical barriers to formal off-treatment consultations and the creation of written documents that may become part of the medical record. This article reviews the elements of the proposed survivorship care plan and discusses areas of research and development needed to make them part of standard oncology practice.
AIDS knowledge and risk behaviours among traumatic brain injury survivors with coexisting substance abuse.

An exploratory needs assessment for AIDS education and prevention was conducted at a traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation facility among 29 clients that also experience coexisting substance abuse disorders. The results suggest that the surveyed clients possessed a moderate level of information about AIDS, Their knowledge level was variable with a major source of misinformation surrounding the use of condoms. The sample members' knowledge was not related to the type or severity of substance abuse, nor was it associated with safer sexual practices. The present results are compared to earlier findings that used an identical survey with a dual disordered population of psychiatrically impaired substance abusers [1]. The results should help in developing an AIDS educations and prevention programme for clients with the dual diagnosis of TBI and substance abuse. Clients need up-to-date information that can be comprehended and used. Education will need to be coupled with approaches that present both behavio...
A measurement of the absolute energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays during the 1976–77 solar minimum

An instrument designed to measure elemental cosmic ray abundances from boron to nickel in the energy region 0.5-2.0 GeV/nucl was flown on a high altitude balloon from Sioux Falls, South Dakota, on 30 September through 1 October 1976 at an average atmospheric depth of about 5 g/sq cm. Differential energy spectra of B, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe, extrapolated to the top of the atmosphere, were measured. The float altitude exposure of 17 h ended near Alpena, Michigan. The flight trajectory maintained a north easterly heading out of Sioux Falls traversing the upper midwest region between 84 and 97 deg west longitude while remaining between 43.5 and 45 deg north latitude. The maximum vertical cut-off for this flight path was 1.77 GV or 0.35 GeV/nucl.
SULFHYDRYLS IN ANTIOXIDANT‐WASHED BEEF HEART SURIMI1

The role of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants (propyl gallate, PG; α-tocopherol, α-Toc; ascorbate, Asc; tripolyphosphate, TPP) in protecting sulfhydryls in beef heart surimi was assessed. Sulfhydryl content was measured by reacting surimi samples with 5–5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB). Formation of disulfide linkages in fresh and stored (7 days on ice) surimi and its salted paste (sol) was examined by electrophoretic analysis in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol. Loss of sulfhydryls occurred during storage in control (water-washed) and Asc-washed surimi, but the loss was prevented by PG, α-Toc, and TPP. Sulfhydryls were decreased in all samples except PG-washed surimi by the addition of0.6 M NaCl. Formation of disulfide as well as nondisulfide covalent linkages was evident in control and Asc-washed surimi samples. The nondisulfide linkages were almost completely absent in the presence of PG, α-Toc, and TPP.
New Adsorbents Based on Principles of Chemical Complexation: Monolayer-Dispersed Nickel(II) for Acetylene Separation by π-Complexation

A sorbent was prepared by dispersing a monolayer of Ni{sup 2+} ions (by spreading a monolayer of NiCl{sub 2} {center_dot} 6H{sub 2}O) on a high-surface-area {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. This sorbent showed high selectivities for acetylene (C{sub 2}H{sub 2}) over other hydrocarbons, by forming a weak {pi}-complexation bond between Ni{sup 2+} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}. For example, at 60 C, the equilibrium amounts of hydrocarbons adsorbed at 1 atm were (in mmol/g) C{sub 2}H{sub 2} = 1.56, C{sub 2}H{sub 6} = 0.043, C{sub 2}H{sub 4} = 0.061, C{sub 3}H{sub 6} = 0.42, and C{sub 3}H{sub 8} = 0.30. The bond energy for the Ni{sup 2+}-C{sub 2}H{sub 2} complex was approximately 9.3 kcal/mol, and the adsorption was reversible. The stoichiometry of the complex was Ni{sup 2+}(C{sub 2}H{sub 2}){sub n} where n = 1--3 at 25 C and subatmospheric pressure. The {pi}-complexation bond was formed by the donation of the C{sub 2}H{sub 2} {pi}-electrons to the vacant hybridized dsp{sup 2} orbitals of Ni{sup 2+} and the back-donation of electrons from the filled d (or dp-hybrid) orbitals of Ni{sup 2+} into the antibonding orbitals of C{sub 2}H{sub 2}. This work demonstrates that new sorbents can be designed and prepared by exploiting the weak, reversiblemore » {pi}-complexation bonds, and, consequently, conventional separation/purification processes can be replaced by more efficient adsorption processes.« less
Challenges in infrared remote sensing

During the last several years, Pacific Northwest National Lab has developed a remote sensing system designed to detect trace chemicals present in the atmosphere. Using Frequency Modulated Differential Absorption LIDAR (FM DIAL) techniques chemical signatures have been observed over pathlengths ranging from several hundred meters to several kilometers. Throughout the development process, we have encountered many challenges. Some of these have been overcome but others will require more novel solutions.
Spectrum-Aware Routing Protocol for Cognitive Ad-Hoc Networks

This paper provides a novel spectrum-aware routing protocol (SARP) for cognitive ad-hoc networks. It consists of two parts. One is the intelligent multiinterface selection function, which is used to assign an appropriate interface to a route to efficiently allocate the channels. The other is the intelligent multi-path selection function, which is used to select an appropriate path to route packets. This novel multi-channel multi-interface routing protocol is aware of both spectrum and space. Based on simulation results, SARP is able to improve network performance significantly.
Asynchronous event handling in distributed object-based systems

Discusses the design and the operating system support necessary for providing asynchronous event handling in distributed, passive object-based programming environments, where objects are potentially shared by disparate applications. We discuss the necessity of thread-based as well as object-based event notification and how a variety of hard-to-solve distributed programming issues can be handled by using the approach outlined in the design. The usefulness of the design is considered by using some examples. The implementation strategy and related work in this area are discussed. >
A Foliar Blight and Tuber Rot of Potato Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae: New Occurrences and Characterization of Isolates.

ABSTRACT Phytophthora spp. are pathogenic to many plant species worldwide, and late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, and pink rot, caused by P. erythroseptica, are two important diseases of potato. Another Phytophthora sp., P. nicotianae, was recovered from pink-rot-symptomatic tubers collected from commercial fields in Nebraska, Florida, and Missouri in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. P. nicotianae also was recovered from foliage obtained from commercial potato fields in Nebraska and Texas exhibiting symptoms very similar to those of late blight. Isolates of P. cactorum also were recovered from foliar infections in a commercial potato field in Minnesota in 2005. Natural infection of potato foliage by P. cactorum and infection of wounded potato tuber tissue via inoculation with zoospores of P. capsici are reported here for the first time. Isolates of P. nicotianae, regardless of origin, were primarily of the A1 mating type. All isolates of P. nicotianae and P. cactorum were sensitive to the f...
Dry Matter Intake and Digestion of Perennial and Annual Cool-Season Grasses by Sheep1

Excess perennial cool-season grass production can be harvested as hay for feeding later. Thus, a series of experiments were conducted to estimate DMI and digestibility of perennial cool-season grasses relative to an annual cool-season grass hay. In Exp. 1, wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Pioneer 2174), tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum var. Jose), smooth brome (Bromus inermis var. Lincoln), and intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium var. Manska) were harvested in the spring as high-moisture hay and fed to lambs. At feeding, all 4 hays contained more (P 0.10) among the hays used in this experiment. In Exp. 2, grasses were harvested as field-dried (DM >65%) hay from established stands of Jesup Max Q (Festuca arundinacea) and Nanyro (F. arundinacea) tall fescues, Harusakae meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), and wheat (var. Pioneer 2174). Lambs fed wheat hay had greater (P < 0.05) DMI (69.3 g/kg BW0.75, respectively) compared with lambs fed Jessup or Nanyro (35.0 and 33.8 g/BW0.75), and lambs fed Harusakae hay had intermediate DMI (50.2 g/BW0.75). Digestibility of Jesup hay was greater (P < 0.05) than digestibility of the other 3 hays. Excess cool-season grasses can be harvested as high-moisture or field-dried hay, but harvested hays had greater concentrations of ADF and NDF and a lesser concentration of N than preharvest standing forage.
Genetics of Circadian Rhythms

Nearly all organisms exhibit time-dependent behavior and physiology across a 24-hour day known as circadian rhythms. These outputs are manifestations of endogenous cyclic gene expression patterns driven by the activity of a core transcription/translation feedback loop. Cyclic gene expression determines highly tissue-specific functional activity regulating such processes as metabolic state, endocrine activity, and neural excitability. Entrainment of these cellular clocks is achieved through exogenous daily inputs, such as light and food. Dysregulation of the transcription/translation feedback loop has been shown to result in a wide range of disorders and diseases driving increased interest in circadian therapies.
Revisiting Bacterial Gastroenteritis: Issues, Possible Approaches, and an Ever-Expanding List of Etiologic Agents, Part II *

Abstract Isolation of bacteria from stool is difficult, even when looking only for Salmonella, Shigella , and Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli or other known diarrheal pathogens. Many factors compromise the process, ranging from host factors, the time that the stool specimen is collected in relation to the onset of symptoms, the quality of the specimen, and the number of isolation and enrichment media used to the experience and skill of the microbiologist. Either in combination or alone, any of these factors can contribute to a suboptimal stool report. Diarrhea can also be attributed to non-infectious causes. So, when and why should the laboratory, often already overburdened, be tasked with the prospect of looking for putative diarrheal pathogens? We have tried to provide a convincing argument here that (i) for patients with severe diarrheal disease, whether it is acute or persistent, or (ii) for outbreaks of diarrhea where no etiologic agent is found, other putative bacterial pathogens may be responsible. Laboratories often come upon these agents routinely in stool specimens without ever suspecting that, in the absence of conventional pathogens, these organisms may be responsible for the patient's disease. Part I of this article discussed the rationale for testing diarrheal stool specimens, along with a brief introduction to various putative bacterial diarrheal agents. Part II of this review expands on the "when and how" of isolation of uncommon organisms responsible for enteric infection. We hope that this review provides incentive and encouragement for clinical laboratories, so that when circumstances allow, they may choose to pursue the isolation and identification of these organisms. Isolates could then be forwarded to a reference laboratory for definitive identification and detection of virulence characteristics.
Germination Studies of Soybeans as a Biofuel Resource using Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields

Summary form only given. A comparative study of biofuels made from the oils of canola, soybean, and olive has shown that soybean biofuel is the most efficient, with the highest energy emitted per gram per second. If manufactured correctly, biofuels have the potential to have energy output that can compete with fossil fuels. Thus there is a need to study the optimization of soybean as biofuel resources through the maximization of yield, plant growth and its protection against disease etc. Bio stimulation is one such optimization method and is accomplished through a host of bio stimulants such as i) Electromagnetic stimulation, ii) Magnetic stimulation, iii) Radiation with laser light, iv) Radiation of live organisms with ultraviolet (UV-rays), gamma rays, ultrasound, ionized radiation etc. Since it does not leave any toxic residue, both electromagnetic and magnetic fields are unique as bio stimulators. The germination of rice, barley, and lettuce seed show encouraging results using EM fields as stimulants. In this paper we present our findings on the germination of soybean seeds under EM and magnetic fields. Soybean seeds were subjected to several levels of bio stimulation. Initial moisture of the soybean seed prior to bio stimulation was 13%. 100 seed from each bio stimulation treatment were analyzed for % germination. In addition a portion of the seeds were germinated and grown to maturity. Mature seed were harvested from these plants and analyzed for stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids. Protein and oil concentrations were also evaluated on harvested soybean seed.
Attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles associated with blood

Responses of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex nigripalpus to volatiles and compounds associated with bovine and avian blood that were presented in collagen membranes were evaluated in olfactometer and landing assays. The presence of attractants produced by blood was supported by more attraction of all species to blood than water controls in the olfactometer. Females of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were more attracted to bovine blood than to avian blood, but there was no difference in Cx. nigripalpus responses. In landing assays, significantly more females of all species landed on casings with blood than on water controls. There was no difference in landing of Ae. aegypti on bovine or avian blood. However, significantly more females of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus landed on avian blood compared to bovine blood. Blood presented in collagen casings was an effective method for evaluating in-flight attraction and landing in all three species. In the olfactometer, several individual compounds elicited attraction in all species, but none were as attractive as blood for all species. In landing assays, several organic acids and sulfides elicited landing, with Ae. aegypti responding to the greatest number of compounds. These assay methods are effective for evaluation of volatile compounds from blood, and although responses were obtained to several compounds, none were as effective as blood in the olfactometer and landing assays.
From Devastation to Integration: Adjusting to and Growing From Medical Trauma

Recent trauma research has begun to investigate the possibility of posttraumatic growth. However, most studies have investigated posttraumatic growth using quantitative methods and thus have neglected people's subjective experience and have left unexamined post-traumatic growth in persons with visible impairment. To fill some of these gaps, the authors examined the process of recovery and posttraumatic growth using a qualitative method. They interviewed 10 participants with visible impairment from chronic illness or serious injury using a semistructured interview. Using a grounded theory data analysis procedure, the authors developed a stage model of trauma and recovery from the interviews. The stages that emerged are thematically entitled Apprehension, Diagnosis and Devastation, Choosing to Go On, Building a Way to Live, and Integration of the Trauma and Expansion of the Self. The authors discuss limitations of the study and clinical implications for psychological counseling with this population.
Ethnic Differences in Perceived Benefits and Barriers to HPV Vaccine Acceptance A Qualitative Analysis of Young African American, Haitian, Caucasian, and Latino Men

Purpose: To examine the attitudes toward human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young men from African American, Haitian, Caucasian, and Latino backgrounds. Methods: We used in-person surveys at an urban teaching hospital from 2010 to 2012 to examine the racial and ethnic differences in the perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination and vaccine mandate acceptance among 18- to 22-year-old African American, Haitian, Caucasian, and Latino men. Results: A total of 89 men participated (35% African American, 29% Haitian, 20% Latino, and 16% white). Participants from all ethnic groups perceived benefits to HPV vaccination but differed in their perceptions of barriers to vaccination as well as their acceptance of a vaccine mandate. Conclusions: Culturally competent educational messages may overcome ethnic differences in the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding vaccination among college-aged men from an urban population.
Neural response to reward anticipation in those with depression with and without panic disorder.

Background One of the hallmark features of major depressive disorder (MDD) is reduced reward anticipation. There have been mixed findings in the literature as to whether reward anticipation deficits in MDD are related to diminished mesolimbic activation and/or enhanced dorsal anterior cingulate activation (dACC). One of the reasons for these mixed findings is that these studies have typically not addressed the role of comorbid anxiety, a class of disorders which frequently co-occur with depression and have a common neurobiology.
Homography-based visual servo control via an uncalibrated camera

A robust adaptive uncalibrated visual servo controller is proposed to asymptotically regulate a robot end- effector to a desired pose. A homography-based visual servo control approach is used to address the six degrees-of-freedom regulation problem. A high-gain robust controller is developed to asymptotically stabilize the rotation error, and an adaptive controller is developed to stabilize the translation error while compensating for the unknown depth information and intrinsic camera calibration parameters. A Lyapunov-based analysis is used to examine the stability of the developed controller.
Lipotoxicity Causes Multisystem Organ Failure and Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis in Obesity

Obesity increases the risk of adverse outcomes during acute critical illnesses such as burns, severe trauma, and acute pancreatitis. Although individuals with more body fat and higher serum cytokines and lipase are more likely to experience problems, the roles that these characteristics play are not clear. We used severe acute pancreatitis as a representative disease to investigate the effects of obesity on local organ function and systemic processes. In obese humans, we found that an increase in the volume of intrapancreatic adipocytes was associated with more extensive pancreatic necrosis during acute pancreatitis and that acute pancreatitis was associated with multisystem organ failure in obese individuals. In vitro studies of pancreatic acinar cells showed that unsaturated fatty acids were proinflammatory, releasing intracellular calcium, inhibiting mitochondrial complexes I and V, and causing necrosis. Saturated fatty acids had no such effects. Inhibition of lipolysis in obese (ob/ob) mice with induced pancreatitis prevented a rise in serum unsaturated fatty acids and prevented renal injury, lung injury, systemic inflammation, hypocalcemia, reduced pancreatic necrosis, and mortality. Thus, therapeutic approaches that target unsaturated fatty acid–mediated lipotoxicity may reduce adverse outcomes in obese patients with critical illnesses such as severe acute pancreatitis.
A secure conditional access system using digital signature and encryption

A new conditional access system architecture is proposed. It uses XML digital signature and encryption to securely distribute audio, video, image, and data on the Web. It also supports payment transactions in a secure environment.
THE EFFECTS OF COLLEGE EDUCATION ON PROFESSIONAL ATTITUDES AMONG POLICE

This paper, reporting the results of a survey of 177 patrol officers in 11 police departments in three New England states and New York State, examines the effects of college education on patrol officers' views regarding attitudinal attributes identified in the literature on police professionalism. Educational level was not found related to the service ideal, as shown by support for the service function and a more positive attitude toward the public, or to greater emphasis in exercising discretion. Educational level was found to be related to placing greater value on the importance of ethical conduct, but it was not found to be related to intolerance toward the misconduct of fellow officers. Education also is related to a less parochial organizational identity and insularity because it increases support for lateral entry and decreases support for maintaining organizational secrets.
Why Vote with the Chief? Political Connections and Public Goods Provision in Zambia.

Why are voters influenced by the views of local patrons when casting their ballots? The existing literature suggests that coercion and personal obligations underpin this form of clientelism, causing voters to support candidates for reasons tangential to political performance. However, voters who support candidates preferred by local patrons may be making sophisticated political inferences. In many developing countries, elected politicians need to work with local patrons to deliver resources to voters, giving voters good reason to consider their patron's opinions of candidates. This argument is tested using data from an original survey of traditional chiefs and an experiment involving voters in Zambia. Chiefs and politicians with stronger relationships collaborate more effectively to provide local public goods. Furthermore, voters are particularly likely to vote with their chief if they perceive the importance of chiefs and politicians working jointly for local development.
A model for whiplash

Abstract This paper describes a mathematical model which was developed to represent the motion of the head and neck during a rear-end collision. The pertinent equations of motion are included as well as representative results.
Evidence that yeast cell wall debris can separate proteins by ion-exchange during cell lysis.

In this communication, data are presented suggesting that cell wall debris produced by enzymatic lysis can aid in the recovery of intracellular proteins. Specifically, cell wall debris produced by the enzymatic lysis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is shown to exhibit characteristics of an ion-exchange medium, and that judicious pH control of the lysis buffer can yield some degree of protein separation based upon the isoelectric pH of the proteins
Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: State of the Art and Future Directions

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are lightweight and inexpensive enablers for a large class of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The presentation will start with a brief review of PWAS physical principles and basic modeling. Then, the presentation will consider the several ways in which PWAS can be used for damage detection: (a) embedded guidedwave ultrasonics, i.e., pitch-catch, pulse-echo, phased arrays, thickness mode; (b) high-frequency modal sensing, i.e., the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method; (c) passive detection, i.e., acoustic emission and impact detection. Emphasis will be placed on recent developments. Special attention will be given to the mechatronics predictive modeling of the complete cycle from electrical excitation through piezoelectric transduction, ultrasonic acoustic waves, and finally reverse piezoelectric transduction to generate the received electric signal. Power and energy aspects of this process will be considered and discussed. The presentation will end with conclusions and suggestions for further work.
Transition of memory technologies

Historically, transition of memory technologies has been enabled by not only disruptive new features of the memory technology but also new applications which proved the core value of those new features. As improvement of prevalent memory technologies is becoming more challenging, many resources have been devoted to development of emerging memory technologies. In this regard, characteristics of emerging memory technologies such as PCM, STT-MRAM, and RRAM will be reviewed to evaluate its potential of becoming transformational memory technology.
Managing the Pepper Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) Using Perimeter Trap Cropping

A perimeter trap crop barrier of hot cherry peppers, border-row insecticide applications, and a combination of the two management strategies were evaluated to see if they could protect a centrally located main crop of bell peppers from oviposition and infestation by the pepper maggot, Zonosemata electa (Say). In large plots, the main cash crop of bell peppers was protected from the majority of the oviposition and infestation by all three barriers. The combination sprayed/trap crop barrier provided the best protection against both oviposition and infestation and resulted in over 98% pest-free fruit at harvest. Maggots infested only 1.7% of the main crop fruit when protected by a sprayed or unsprayed trap crop barrier, compared with 15.4% in control plots. The perimeter sprayed/trap crop strategy was employed in three commercial fields in 2000 and 2001. The combination barrier resulted in superior insect control and reduced insecticide use at all commercial locations, compared with the same farms' past history or to farms using conventional and integrated pest management (IPM) methods. Economic analysis showed that the technique is more cost effective and profitable than relying on whole-field insecticide applications to control the pepper maggot. Farmer users were surveyed and found the perimeter trap crop technique simple to use, with many hard-to-measure benefits associated with worker protection issues, marketing, personnel/management relations, pest control and the environment. Use of the perimeter trap crop technique as part of an IPM or organic program can help improve crop quality and overall farm profitability, while reducing pesticide use and the possibility of secondary pest outbreaks.
Posterior Capsular Plication Constrains the Glenohumeral Joint by Drawing the Humeral Head Closer to the Glenoid and Resisting Abduction

Background:Shoulder pain is a common problem, with 30% to 50% of the American population affected annually. While the majority of these shoulder problems improve, there is a high rate of recurrence...
Impacts of soil moisture level on consumption and movement of three sympatric subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a laboratory assay.

Three subterranean termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes tibialis Banks, and Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks), were collected from locations in northern Indiana and tested under laboratory conditions to determine whether preferential differences exist among species. Foraging behaviors and location of all three species were studied using a linear, three-dimensional assay with a soil moisture gradient (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55% moisture by weight) and quantified by 1) consumption weights and 2) location counts. In a 7-d period, R. flavipes and R. tibialis consumed almost twice as much filter paper as R. virginicus. No significant difference in feeding was attributed to moisture level for R. tibialis, but there were differences for R. flavipes and R. virginicus. In terms of location of harborage, there were clear patterns associated with moisture level, as predicted using a Poisson distribution. Results from consumption and location data show unique patterns among species, and illustrate species-specific variation in feeding location and nesting preference in response to moisture. There are significant differences in movement patterns, consumption, and mortality among Indiana Reticulitermes according to the laboratory assay. These findings contribute to the overall understanding of midwestern Reticulitermes termites.
Intrinsic functional defects of type 2 innate lymphoid cells impair innate allergic inflammation in promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF)–deficient mice

Background The transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) is transiently expressed during development of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) but is not present at the mature stage. We hypothesized that PLZF-deficient ILC2s have functional defects in the innate allergic response and represent a tool for studying innate immunity in a mouse with a functional adaptive immune response. Objective We determined the consequences of PLZF deficiency on ILC2 function in response to innate and adaptive immune stimuli by using PLZF −/− mice and mixed wild-type:PLZF −/− bone marrow chimeras. Methods PLZF −/− mice, wild-type littermates, or mixed bone marrow chimeras were treated with the protease allergen papain or the cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 or infected with the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis to induce innate type 2 allergic responses. Mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal ovalbumin-alum, followed by intranasal challenge with ovalbumin alone, to induce adaptive T H 2 responses. Lungs were analyzed for immune cell subsets, and alveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for ILC2-derived cytokines. In addition, ILC2s were stimulated ex vivo for their capacity to release type 2 cytokines. Results PLZF-deficient lung ILC2s exhibit a cell-intrinsic defect in the secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 in response to innate stimuli, resulting in defective recruitment of eosinophils and goblet cell hyperplasia. In contrast, the adaptive allergic inflammatory response to ovalbumin and alum was unimpaired. Conclusions PLZF expression at the innate lymphoid cell precursor stage has a long-range effect on the functional properties of mature ILC2s and highlights the importance of these cells for innate allergic responses in otherwise immunocompetent mice.
International Portfolio Management: Theory and Method

This paper investigates the impact of various investment constraints on the benefits and asset allocation of the international optimal portfolio for domestic investors in various countries. The empirical results indicate that local investors in less-developed countries, particularly in East Asia and Latin America, benefit more from global diversification. Although the global financial market is becoming more integrated, adding constraints reduces but does not completely eliminate the diversification benefits of international investment. The addition of portfolio bounds yields the following characteristics of asset allocation: a reduction in the temporal deviation of diversification benefits, a decrease in time-variation of components in optimal portfolio, and an expansion in the range of comprising assets. Our findings are useful for asset management professionals to determine target markets to promote the sales of national/international funds and to manage risk in global portfolios.
Dislocation Tunneling in Plastically Deformed Aluminum

We have measured the amplitude dependent internal friction (ADIF) and sound velocity down to 0.065 K of a 99.9999% (6N) aluminum that was plastically deformed by 1%. The strain amplitude was varied from e = 1 × 10 −8 to e = 6 × 10 −7 , a factor of 60. It is observed that with increasing strain amplitude, both the internal friction and the sound velocity become temperature independent over an increasingly wider temperature range. ADIF measurements show a flattening of the temperature dependence of the strain amplitude at low temperatures which is taken to be strong evidence for dislocation tunneling.
Provider versus Tenant Pricing Games for Hybrid Object Stores in the Cloud

Cloud object stores are versatile storage services that support a wide range of use cases. They simplify the management of large blocks of data at scale and are becoming the de facto storage choice for Big Data analytics platforms. To build these services cost-effectively, cloud vendors use hard disk drives (HDDs) in their object store deployments. However, the lower performance of HDDs affect tenants who have strict performance requirements for their Big Data applications. The use of faster storage devices such as solid state drives (SSDs) is thus desirable by the tenants, but incurs significant maintenance costs to the provider. The tiered object store detailed here is designed for the cloud, taking into account both fast and slow storage devices. The resulting hybrid store exposes the tiering to tenants with a dynamic pricing model based on the tenants' usage and the provider's desire to maximize profits. The tenants leverage knowledge of their workloads and current pricing information to select a data placement strategy that would meet the application requirements at the lowest cost. This approach allows both a service provider and its tenants to engage in a pricing game, which yields a win-win situation.
Antecedents of Role Stress Among Correctional Staff A Replication and Expansion

Role stress is an important aspect of the prison workplace that impairs organizational functioning and can have negative effects for correctional staff. While the effects of role stress on correcti...
Midlife Crisis? The All-Volunteer Force at 40:

Owing to regional and partisan imbalances, the U.S. military is at greater risk than at any time since the advent of the all-volunteer force of becoming estranged from significant portions of the s...