cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic d-amphetamine in nucleus accumbens: Lack of tolerance or reverse tolerance of locomotor activity

Abstract An experiment was designed to test the ability of chronic intra-accumbens amphetamine injections to produce the augmentation of locomotor activity noted with repeated intraperitoneal injections. Results revealed increased response variability with chronic injections; but no augmentation or tolerance occurred, in spite of preservation of a dose dependent locomotor response to amphetamine in the nucleus accumbens.
Renal failure as a result of mesenteric cyst

The authors report a rare case of renal failure secondary to abdominal cyst in a newborn girl. The clinical presentation was one of a largely distended abdomen coupled with anuria. The histopathologic and clinical findings suggest mesenteric cyst causing renal failure by mass effect.
Habits, Preferences and Demands of Des Moines Egg Consumers

Abstract THE present study is designed to determine: (1) the habits, preferences and demands of egg consumers in relation t o income and other socio-economic factors in Des Moines, Iowa, (2) changes during the last 10 years in preferences and demand, (3) the degree to which market agents are aware of consumer demands and the effectiveness of these market agents in satisfying them. This paper deals with portions of the first objective of this study. Morse (1942) studied habits and preferences of Des Moines consumers. Comparisons between that study and the present study will be made in a later report. Stevens (1947) studied buying habits and preferences of Richland County, Ohio egg consumers. Thomsen and Winton (1933) reported on yolk color and shell color preferences of consumers in New York City. Lininger and Charles (1928) studied sources of supply and yolk color preferences of Pennsylvania consumers. Corbett (1933) studied in detail . . .
Treatment of canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency by foamy virus vectors expressing CD18 from a PGK promoter

Treatment of canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency by foamy virus vectors expressing CD18 from a PGK promoter
Beyond 5-Fluorouracil: The Emerging Role of Newer Chemotherapeutics and Targeted Agents with Radiation Therapy

The management of rectal cancer has undergone significant evolution with advances in surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. These advances have translated into improved rates of local control, survival, and quality of life. More recently, the integration of newer chemotherapeutic and targeted agents in patients with advanced colorectal cancer have led to further improvements in disease-free and overall survival. These agents are now being studied with radiation therapy in the neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer.
Autism, Metaphor and Relevance Theory

The pattern of impairments exhibited by some individuals on the autism spectrum appears to challenge the relevance-theoretic account of metaphor (Carston, 1996, 2002; Sperber and Wilson, 2002; Sperber and Wilson, 2008). A subset of people on the autism spectrum have near-normal syntactic, phonological, and semantic abilities while having severe difficulties with the interpretation of metaphor, irony, conversational implicature, and other pragmatic phenomena. However, Relevance Theory treats metaphor as importantly unlike phenomena such as conversational implicature or irony and like instances of ordinary literal speech. In this paper, I show how Relevance Theory can account for the prima facie incongruity between its treatment of metaphor and the case of individuals with autism.
Eddy-current-based material loss imaging system prototype

Systems that associate positions with eddy current probe readings present inspection data more directly and usefully than the more common impedance plane display. We have economically constructed such an integration of an eddy current testing device with a position feedback device which gives 0.005 inch achievable resolution. The position and probe readings are fed to a PC and plotted in real-time as a projection into a user-defined rectangle in 3-space. All spatial coordinates and all inspection data are retained for model building and record keeping. Unsampled eddy-current readings are interpolated using a spatial average, consistent with the observed averaging effect of the probe. An empirically-determined convolution kernel permits an estimate of the surface profile on the opposite side of the sample by deconvolution. This can then be combined with the position to provide a model of the sampled area.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
(-)-cis-pinononic acid: hydrogen-bonding pattern of a δ-keto acid

In the title compound, (-)-cis-3-acetyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutanecarboxylic acid, C9H14O3, carboxyl-to-ketone chains (catemers) are formed between screw-related molecules spiraling along the b cell axis with an O-H⋯O distance of 2.747 (3) A. The carboxyl C=O group is not involved in the hydrogen bonding, although, its O atom has a close contact of 2.51 (5) A to a methyl H atom of a neighboring molecule.
Radioimmunoassays for the 28-48 region of parathyroid hormone detect intact hormone but not hormone fragments.

Metabolism of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is known to involve cleavage in the 28-48 region. With the goal of establishing a radioimmunoassay specific for the intact PTH molecule, we have tested the hypothesis that assays specific for the 28-48 region might fail to recognize the hormone fragments arising in vivo. Antisera against native bovine PTH (bPTH) contain antibody species directed at the 28-48 region of bPTH, since (a) 5 of 6 such antisera showed inhibition of binding of125I-labeled bPTH-(1-84) by unlabeled synthetic bPTH-(28-48), and (b) 9 of 9 such antisera bound125I-labeled bPTH-(28-48). The latter radioligand yields assays specific for the 28-48 region; 5 of 5 such assays recognized intact bPTH-(1-84), but none recognized bPTH-(1-34), bPTH-(37-84), or both fragments together.
Mechanical characterization of the bovine iris

Abstract Quantification of the mechanical properties of the iris is necessary to assess the clinical significance of passive iris deformation, which has been suggested as a mechanism for certain forms of glaucoma. Extension tests were performed on isolated bovine irises to determine the passive mechanical behavior of the iris and the contribution of each of its two constituent muscles, the sphincter iridis and the dilator pupillae , to the overall properties. Because of the shape of the iris and our desire to use intact tissue, a “loop” experiment was performed in which the iris was stretched by hooking the sample and pulling. A simple mathematical model was used to account for the geometry of the experiment and the progressive recruitment of tissue. Radial extension experiments on samples dissected from the iris were also performed. The iris was found to be anisotropic, elastic, and incompressible. The average azimuthal Young's modulus of the sphincter was found to be 340 kPa; the average azimuthal Young's modulus of the dilator was found to be 890 kPa, which was significantly higher ( p dilator was found to be 9.6 kPa, much lower than the azimuthal value.
OBSERVATION OF TRIPLET EXCITON DYNAMICS IN CONJUGATED POLYMER FILMS USING TWO-PHOTON PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY

We have utilized two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy to study the dynamics of the long-lived triplet excitons in films of poly[2-methoxy,5-(2\ensuremath{'}-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]. Our observations indicate that triplet-triplet annihilation is a major deexcitation mechanism for photoexcited triplet excitons.
Intracranial supramaximal facial nerve stimulation: a murine model.

Abstract Purpose Supramaximal facial nerve stimulation is an applied current sufficient to evoke a maximal electromyographic response of facial musculature. It is used during cerebellopontine angle surgery for prognostication of postoperative nerve function. We utilized a rat model to examine safe parameters for intracranial electrical stimulation. Materials and methods Intracranial facial nerve stimulation with electromyographic monitoring of 14 rats was performed. Supramaximal current level was determined and 50 additional pulses of supramaximal (4 rats), 3 times supramaximal (4), 10 times supramaximal (3), or zero (3) current were applied. To monitor progression of facial nerve injury, video recordings of vibrissae movements and eye closure were captured at 1, 3 and 28 days after surgery; animals were sacrificed on day 28, when nerve morphometry was performed. Results One rat in the supramaximal stimulation group (of 4), and one rat in the 10 times supramaximal stimulation group (of 3) demonstrated persistent impairment of facial nerve function as evidenced by decreased amplitude of vibrissae sweeping and eye closure impairment. The remainder of rats in all experimental groups demonstrated symmetric and normal facial nerve function at all time points. Conclusions A novel animal model for supramaximal stimulation of the rat intracranial facial nerve is described. A small proportion of animals demonstrated functional evidence of nerve injury postoperatively. Function was preserved in some animals after stimulation with current order of magnitude higher than supramaximal levels. Further study with this model is necessary to definitively isolate the effects of surgical trauma from those of supramaximal electrical stimulation.
Strong Quantum Spin Correlations Observed in Atomic Spin Mixing

We have observed sub-Poissonian spin correlations generated by collisionally induced spin mixing in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. We measure a quantum noise reduction of $\ensuremath{-}7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{dB}$ ($\ensuremath{-}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{dB}$ corrected for detection noise) below the standard quantum limit for the corresponding coherent spin states. The spin fluctuations are detected as atom number differences in the spin states using fluorescent imaging that achieves a detection noise floor of 8 atoms per spin component for a probe time of $100\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$.
Magnetic properties of amorphous metals

Abstract Neutron scattering has provided unique information about the nature of magnetism in amorphous alloys. This paper reviews some of the results obtained principally on two ribbon-form metallic glass systems - (Fe x Ni 1− x ) 75 P 16 B 5 Al 3 and Fe x B 1− x . The former exhibits three states depending on composition: pure ferromagnetism, re-entrant spin glass, and ordinary spin glass. The neutron results provide evidence for the coexistence of spin glass and ferromagnetic correlations in the intermediate regime. The alloys of Fe and B show Invar phenomena which result in anomalously small values of the effective spin-wave stiffness calculated from low-temperature magnetization and Mossbauer data. The long-wavelength spin waves as measured by the neutrons do not reflect the rapid demagnetization found in the bulk results, implying the presence of excitation processes other than long-wave-length spin waves.
The effect of propionate and other organic anions on sodium transport across toad bladder.

Abstract 1. 1. The electrical effects of isotonic, isohydric solutions of propionate and other organic anions were studied in paired quarter-bladders obtained from the toad, Bufo marinus. 2. 2. Serosal propionate solutions produced large, reversible increases in transepithelial potential and short-circuit current, associated with a decrease in electrical resistance. These pH-dependent propionate effects persisted for several hours, and were greatest at concentrations of 66–88 mM. Serosal acetate, butyrate and pyruvate elicited similar responses, but of lesser magnitude. 3. 3. Isotonic concentrations of mucosal propionate slightly reduced the transepithelial potential and short-circuit current. 4. 4. Cationic substitution, 24Na+ flux, and O2-requirement studies demonstrated that the increased short-circuit current induced by serosal propionate was caused by an acceleration of O2-dependent Na+ transport from the mucosal to the serosal medium. 5. 5. The electrical effects of serosal propionate and vasopressin were independent.
Of cultures and compromises: Publishers, textbooks, and the academy

Relationships between professors as textbook authors and publishing houses as textbook producers have always been fragile. L. Kathy Heilenman examines this relationship and describes how current changes in the climate of universities and in the structure of publishing houses have converged to render this relationship more than usaually problematic. She concludes with suggestions for restructuring the relationship so as to encourage the production of high-quality, innovative textbooks in a partnership between publishers and professors.
Calcium and activation of succinic dehydrogenase during low temperature acclimation

Succinic dehydrogenase has been studied after thermal acclimation of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 1. 1. Low temperature acclimation involves the alteration of the Km for succinate. Manipulation of the calcium content of the enzyme-membrane complex results in similar changes in the kinetic parameters of the enzyme. 2. 2. Spectral data indicate that the cation concentration of the complex influences the conformation of chromophores, whose absorption characteristics resemble the flavin and iron-sulfur components of the mammalian enzyme. 3. 3. 45CaCl2 binding reveals the presence of “high” and “low” affinity binding sites. The relative proportion of each is dependent upon the thermal history of the organism. 4. 4. Alterations in the pH optima for PMS reductase activity during low temperature acclimation and cation depletion, implicate cardiolipin as being involved in activation of succinic dehydrogenase.
The effects of α-tocopherol on the toxicity, disposition, and metabolism of adriamycin in mice

Fourteen days after adriamycin treatment, 15 mg/kg ip, there was greater than 50% mortality in CDF1 mice pretreated with either olive oil or saline ip, but only 5% mortality in animals pretreated with a single dose of α-tocopherol. However, 60 days after adriamycin, mortality was 80±5% in all three groups. A single dose of α-tocopherol alone caused no deaths. Blood concentrations of [14C]adriamycin-derived radioactivity in mice pretreated with α-tocopherol of olive oil were significantly higher than those of saline controls between 3 and 15 min after injection. At 30 and 60 min blood concentrations of radioactivity did not differ in the three groups. Sixty minutes after adriamycin administration, concentrations of radioactivity in heart, kidney, muscle, and lung were significantly higher in the α-tocopherol and olive oil groups than in the saline controls. No differences in the metabolic profile of adriamycin were found in heart or liver, but renal concentration of adriamycin and several metabolites were higher in both the α-tocopherol and olive oil groups. In general, α-tocopherol pretreatment had only slight effect on the metabolism of adriamycin in vivo. Thus, the time-dependent efficacy of α-tocopherol in ameliorating the lethal toxicity of adriamycin in mice does not appear to result from acute changes in the distribution or metabolism of adriamycin. It appears that the effect of α-tocopherol is to delay rather than prevent the lethal toxicity of adriamycin.
Consensual pupillary light response in the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans).

Abstract Purpose of this study was to determine if the turtle has a consensual pupillary light response (cPLR), and if so, to compare it to its direct pupillary light response (dPLR). One eye was illuminated with different intensities of light over a four log range while keeping the other eye in darkness. In the eye directly illuminated, pupil diameter was reduced by as much as ∼31%. In the eye not stimulated by light, pupil diameter was also reduced but less to ∼11%. When compared to the directly illuminated eye, this generated a ratio, cPLR–dPLR, equal to 0.35. Ratio of slopes for log/linear fits to plots of pupil changes versus retinal irradiance for non-illuminated (−1.27) to illuminated (−3.94) eyes closely matched at 0.32. cPLR had time constants ranging from 0.60 to 1.20 min; however, they were comparable and not statistically different from those of the dPLR, which ranged from 1.41 to 2.00 min. Application of mydriatic drugs to the directly illuminated eye also supported presence of a cPLR. Drugs reduced pupil constriction by ∼9% for the dPLR and slowed its time constant to 9.58 min while simultaneous enhancing constriction by ∼6% for the cPLR. Time constant for the cPLR at 1.75 min, however, was not changed. Results support that turtle possesses a cPLR although less strong than its dPLR.
Sum Capacity of a Class of Symmetric SIMO Gaussian Interference Channels Within $ {\cal O}(1)$

The N +1 user, 1 ×N single-input multiple-output (SIMO) Gaussian interference channel where each transmitter has a single antenna and each receiver has N antennas is studied. The sum capacity within O(1) is characterized for the symmetric case where all direct links have the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and all undesired links have the same interference-to-noise ratio (INR). The gap to the exact capacity is a constant which is independent of SNR and INR. To get this result, we first generalize the deterministic interference channel introduced by El Gamal and Costa to model interference channels with multiple antennas. We derive the capacity region of this deterministic interference channel. Based on the insights provided by the deterministic channel, we characterize the generalized degrees of freedom (GDOF) of Gaussian case, which directly leads to the O(1) capacity approximation. On the achievability side, an interesting conclusion is that the GDOF regime where treating interference as noise is found to be optimal in the two-user interference channel, does not appear in the N + 1 user, 1 × N SIMO case. On the converse side, new multiuser outer bounds emerge out of this work that do not follow directly from the two-user case. In addition to the GDOF region, the outer bounds identify a strong interference regime where the capacity region is established.
Percutaneous absorption of selenium sulfide

The purpose of this study was to determine selenium levels in the urine of Tinea patients before and after overnight application of a 2.5% selenium sulfide lotion. Selenium was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Hydride generation and carbon rod atomization were studied. It was concluded from this study that selenium is absorbed through intact skin. Selenium is then excreted, at least partially, in urine, for at least a week following treatment. The data show that absorption and excretion of selenium vary on an individual basis. Selenium levels in urine following a single application of selenium sulfide lotion do not indicate that toxic amounts of selenium are being absorbed. Repeated treatments with SeS/sub 2/ result in selenium concentrations in urine which are significantly higher than normal. Significant matrix effects are observed in the carbon rod atomization of urine samples for selenium determinations, even in the presence of a matrix modifier such as nickel. The method of standard additions is required to obtain accurate results in the direct determination of selenium in urine by carbon rod AAS.
Altered Connexin 43 and Connexin 45 protein expression in the heart as a function of social and environmental stress in the prairie vole

AbstractExposure to social and environmental stressors may influence behavior as well as autonomic and cardiovascular regulation, potentially leading to depressive disorders and cardiac dysfunction including elevated sympathetic drive, reduced parasympathetic function, and ventricular arrhythmias. The cellular mechanisms that underlie these interactions are not well understood. One mechanism may involve alterations in the expression of Connexin43 (Cx43) and Connexin45 (Cx45), gap junction proteins in the heart that play an important role in ensuring efficient cell-to-cell coupling and the maintenance of cardiac rhythmicity. The present study investigated the hypothesis that long-term social isolation, combined with mild environmental stressors, would produce both depressive behaviors and altered Cx43 and Cx45 expression in the left ventricle of prairie voles – a socially monogamous rodent model. Adult, female prairie voles were exposed to either social isolation (n = 22) or control (paired, n = 23) condit...
Three-body analytical potential for interacting helium atoms

Large basis set ab initio calculations have been carried out for a dense grid of points on the He3 potential energy surface. Three‐body contributions were extracted at every point, and a number of concise functional representations for the three‐body potential surface were then examined. Three‐body multipolar dispersion terms and other radial and angular terms were used in the representations, and an assessment of relative importance of the different terms is presented. Combined with a two‐body He–He potential, the results of this work should offer a high quality interaction potential for simulations of aggregated helium.
Isolation of an extracellular neutral proteinase from Pseudomonas fragi

Abstract A single proteolytic enzyme (EC 3.4.4.-) was isolated from culture supernantants of Pseudomonas fragi with 20% yield and 60-fold purification by means of stepwise DEAE-Sephadex batch adsorption, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme was Zn 2+ activated and Ca 2+ stabilized, had optimum activity at pH 6.5–8.0 and 40°C. The molucular weight range was 40 000–50 000 as determined by dodecylsulfate gel electophoresis, gel filtration and Zn assay. This proteinase has properties similar to other extracellular bacterial neutral proteinases.
Visual imagery and level of mediator abstractness in induced mediation paradigms.

Two objective tests, presumed to measure S's ability to form visual images, were administered to 240 seventh grade students. On the basis of test scores, equal numbers of Ss were assigned to visualizer and non-visualizer categories. Ss in each category were now assigned at random to one of four conditions and their performance compared in a mediate association learning experiment. Paradigms were designed to compare visualizers and non-visualizers on learning tasks which used concrete and abstract nouns as mediators. The findings showed that mediation was related both to the type of mediator used in the paradigm and S's ability to visualize.
The Upper Mantle Conductivity Analysis Method Using Observatory Records of the Geomagnetic Field

The electrical conductivity of the Earth's upper mantle can be inferred from geomagnetic quiet-day,Sq, variations recorded at the world's observatories using the, coefficients of a spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) that separate the external (source) and internal (induced) parts of the surface field. The conductivity profile determined from such an analysis can be sensitive to special characteristics of the quiet field itself as well as the separation techniques employed. This review of the Sq-analysis features critical to a conductivity derivation is pictorially presented along with the equations for application of theSchmucker (1970) technique to theSHA coefficients for a conductivity determination. Three examples illustrate the use of these equations with differentSq models.
Eigenstructure assignment with gain suppression using eigenvalue andeigenvector derivatives

Eigenstructure assignment is considered with gain suppression in which selected entries in the output feedback gain matrix are eliminated. This approach may yield a simpler controller with only a small effect on performance. Early results used partial derivatives of the eigenvalues with respect to the gains in order to determine which entries of the feedback gain matrix should be selected for elimination. In this paper, expressions for the partial derivatives of the eigenvectors with respect to the feedback gains are derived and used to compute the expected shift in the eigenvectors if the (/th feedback gain were eliminated. This establishes an improved design method for eigenstructure assignment with gain suppression by a priori choosing to eliminate those gains that have the smallest influence on both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. An example of a fighter aircraft is presented that illustrates the importance of using both eigenvalue and eigenvector derivative information when choosing which feedback gains should be eliminated.
Predicting the morphology of nanostructured composites

Abstract The mixing of microphase-separating diblock copolymers and nanoparticles can lead to the self-assembly of organic/inorganic hybrid materials that are spatially organized on the nanometer length scale. There is a considerable challenge in modeling such systems since the appropriate theories must capture not only the formation of the diblock mesophases but also the copolymer–particle and particle–particle interactions, which can affect the ultimate structure of the material. Recently, a theoretical approach has been developed to describe the behavior of diblock/particle mixtures and predict the equilibrium morphology of the resulting composites. The approach, which combines self-consistent field and density functional theories, can facilitate the design of hybrid materials with the desired morphology for novel opto-electronic devices, separation membranes and catalysts.
Response of alveolar macrophages to in vitro exposure to freshly fractured versus aged silica dust: the ability of Prosil 28, an organosilane material, to coat silica and reduce its biological reactivity.

We have reported previously that crushing or grinding crystalline silica results in the generation of silica‐based radicals on the particulate surface and that these radicals can generate hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. Data in the present study indicate that freshly ground silica is more cytotoxic and is a more potent activator of alveolar macrophages than comparably sized aged silica. That is, compared to aged silica, fresh silica is 4.2‐fold more potent in decreasing the membrane integrity of macrophages; is 50% more potent in activating hydrogen peroxide secretion by macrophages; and is 4.6‐fold more potent in stimulating cellular chemiluminescence. Prosil 28, an organosilane material, is an effective coating agent for fresh silica. It decreases the cytotoxicity of fresh silica by as much as 78% and decreases the ability of fresh silica to induce chemiluminescence from alveolar macrophages by 58%. The data suggest that surface radicals associated with freshly cleaved dust may be an important fa...
Problems in Biostratigraphy and Taxonomy of Middle Liassic Ammonites of Alpine-Mediterranean Province: ABSTRACT

The zonation of the Lias (Lower Jurassic) of the Northwest European ammonite province has been worked out in great detail and is based on very careful collecting from representative sections. It recently has been summarized thoroughly by Dean, Donavon, and Howarth (1961). In contrast, the zonation of the Pliensbachian Stage in the Alpine-Mediterranean province still is inadequate, despite extensive descriptive literature. There are several reasons for this. 1. Authors of ammonite monographs usually do not take into account the distinctive character of this faunal province, which requires zonation of its own, based on indigenous index forms. Efforts to correlate these assemblages with the classic zones established in Germany and England have led mostly to confusion. 2. During the Early Jurassic, most of the Alpine-Mediterranean province was undergoing a rapid and complex change of paleogeographic pattern, reflected in extreme heteropic differentiation. This process, End_Page 640------------------------------ highly irregular in time and space, commonly was accompanied by penecontemporaneous tectonic disturbances and hence anomalies in sedimentation, such as reworking, condensation, and gravity sliding. These complicating and potentially distorting factors usually have not been considered by those few authors who based their descriptions on material newly collected from measured sections rather than on material already existing in some museum collections. As a result, knowledge of the true vertical range of persistent and characteristic species, which would lead to the recognition of suitable index forms, is lacking. 3. Partly because of the two reasons just stated, the taxonomy of ammonite genera and species of this province is in need of revision. Many misidentifications and erroneous generic interpretations have to be corrected, particularly in the families Dactilyoceratidae and Hildoceratidae, both characteristic of the Mediterranean province. Encouraging contributions to a clarification of the situation have come recently from studies of sections in Morocco, Portugal, and southwestern France. As a result of these studies, the two faunal provinces do not appear to be as distinctive as was previously assumed. In some of these sections, the provinces overlap, particularly in the Domerian Substage, thus making it possible to correlate a Mediterranean zonation based on hildoceratids with the established northwest European zonation based on amaltheids. End_of_Article - Last_Page 641------------
Paper Bullets: Fan Changjiang and New Journalism in Wartime China

The publication of The Northwest Corner of China (Zhongguo de xibei jiao) in 1936 was a milestone in the history of Chinese journalism. It signified the rise of a new, down-to-earth, first-hand, and personal journalistic style in China. The book became an instant best seller, reaching its eighth printing and selling thousands of copies within a few months.' The popularity and the widespread influence of the book quickly established its young author, Fan Changjiang (19091970), as one of the most influential journalists of his time.2 Published when he was 27, the book showed a talent and style that were to earn him the respect and loyalty of a large audience in later years, and soon became a model that was emulated by his peers and followers: the journalistic instinct for important matters; the personal and witty style; the powerful and lucid agrument; the ability to grasp an intricate mosaic of facts and then present them with coherence, force, sensitivity, and a sense of immediacy. Fan Changjiang was, in every sense, a committed and concerned journalist. He advocated a new journalistic style and sought to establish journalism as a respected profession. He called for accuracy and thoroughness in presenting a story, and for professionalization and
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Helicobacter hepaticus Cytolethal Distending Toxin Mutants

Helicobacter hepaticus expresses a member of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) family of bacterial cytotoxins. To investigate the role of CDT in the pathogenesis of H. hepaticus, transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a series of isogenic mutants in and around the cdtABC gene cluster. An H. hepaticus transposon mutant with a disrupted cdtABC coding region no longer produced CDT activity. Conversely, a transposon insertion outside of the cluster did not affect the CDT activity. An examination of these mutants demonstrated that CDT represents the previously described granulating cytotoxin in H. hepaticus. Challenge of C57BL/6 interleukin 10−/− mice with isogenic H. hepaticus mutants revealed that CDT expression is not required for colonization of the murine gut. However, a CDT-negative H. hepaticus mutant had a significantly diminished capacity to induce lesions in this murine model of inflammatory bowel disease.
Semidefinite Programming in the Space of Partial Positive Semidefinite Matrices

We build upon the work of Fukuda et al. [SIAM J. Optim., 11 (2001), pp. 647--674] and Nakata et al. [Math. Program., 95 (2003), pp. 303--327], in which the theory of partial positive semidefinite matrices was applied to the semidefinite programming (SDP) problem as a technique for exploiting sparsity in the data. In contrast to their work, which improved an existing algorithm based on a standard search direction, we present a primal-dual path-following algorithm that is based on a new search direction, which, roughly speaking, is defined completely within the space of partial symmetric matrices. We show that the proposed algorithm computes a primal-dual solution to the SDP problem having duality gap less than a fraction $\varepsilon > 0$ of the initial duality gap in ${\cal O}(n \log(\varepsilon^{-1}))$ iterations, where n is the size of the matrices involved. Moreover, we present computational results showing that the algorithm possesses several advantages over other existing implementations.
Adaptive estimation and synchronization of chaotic systems

Abstract In this Letter the recently introduced method to synchronize deterministic chaotic systems is generalized by means of concepts in adaptive control.
Hypophyseal influence on function and composition of cardiac muscle.

The effects of hypophysectomy and of growth hormone (GH) on the properties and composition of rat myocardium were studied. GH, in dosage sufficient to maintain a normal rate of growth, did not correct the microcardia of hypophysectomy. Tension production of surviving left ventricular muscle columns was not modified by hypophysectomy or GH administration. Ventricular actomyosin concentration was slightly but significantly elevated in hypophysectomized animals, with or without GH. However, "ATP sensitivity" of the extracted actomyosin was markedly depressed by hypophysectomy and partially restored by GH. Differential hormonal regulation of cardiac actin and myosin is suggested.
Filtration studies of selected anionic dyes using asymmetric titanium dioxide membranes on porous stainless-steel tubes

Abstract Filtration studies using 0.2-μm titanium dioxide membranes fused on porous stainless-steel tubes is reported for solutions containing sodium nitrate alone and in the presence of commercial anionic, direct and acid dyes. Solution pH was adjusted with dilute sodium hydroxide and nitric acid to maintain maximum solubility of all ions and simplify the system. Electrolyte rejections and color rejections were measured separately from pHvalues of 4–10. Tubes were supplied by Dupont Separation Systems (Seneca, SC, USA). Results show that the charge or ionic nature of the membrane surface was responsible for the ion rejections and decreased to near 0% as the salt concentration was raised to 5000 ppm. Dye rejection did not approach 0% at higher salt concentrations but remmained above 20% for the acid dye, Acid Red 1, and 50% for the larger-molecular-weight direct dye, Direct Red 2. The results are interpreted in terms of existing theories for inorganic membranes.
Effect of photographic-film nonlinearities on the processing of moiré-fringe data

It is shown that the effect of the nonlinear characteristic curve of a film on a narrow-band moire signal is to generate, for each narrow-band component of the moire signal, an infinite number of narrow-band, high-order harmonics of the fundamental argument. According to this result, the elimination of the film nonlinearity can be achieved by means of band-pass filters. Two examples are given to show that the elimination predicted theoretically can be achieved in practice.
Evolutionary ecology, antibiosis, and all that rot

Pity members of the Animal Kingdom. They must compete for prey that hide, defend themselves, or run away. This competition only intensifies when such prey die uneaten. The carcasses and leaves strewn across the landscape are now available to microbial competitors that are everywhere, grow rapidly, and know how to poison. So how can an animal scavenger make a living? In a study in this issue of PNAS (1) Nicrophorus beetles that raise their grubs on mouse carcasses are shown to use a 2-pronged strategy: avoid the nastiest carcasses and apply the antibiotics.
Boolean approach to planar embeddings of a graph

The purpose of this paper which is a sequel of “ Boolean planarity characterization of graphs ” [9] is to show the following results. (1) Both of the problems of testing the planarity of graphs and embedding a planar graph into the plane are equivalent to finding a spanning tree in another graph whose order and size are bounded by a linear function of the order and the size of the original graph, respectively. (2) The number of topologically non-equivalent planar embeddings of a Hamiltonian planar graphG is τ(G)=2c(H)−1, wherec (H) is the number of the components of the graphH which is related toG.
The Experiences of Research Participants Living With Schizophrenia

The importance of understanding the participant experience of engaging in research has great meaning for researchers. This article explores and describes the face-to-face research experience from the perspective of individuals living with a schizophrenic disorder who had previously participated in research. A mixed-method, concurrent triangulation design with 36 participants resulted in three central themes: a similarity of the research experience; the meanings made from interactions with the researcher; and participant motivations for engaging in research. Participation in research may be viewed by marginalized individuals as a unique opportunity to be respected, heard, valued, and financially compensated for their opinions. Findings provide ethical, practical, and educational perspectives for the social work profession.
Detecting multiple change points in piecewise constant hazard functions.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) suggests a sudden reduction in prostate cancer mortality rates, likely due to highly successful treatments and screening methods for early diagnosis. We are interested in understanding the impact of medical breakthroughs, treatments, or interventions, on the survival experience for a population. For this purpose, estimating the underlying hazard function, with possible time change points, would be of substantial interest, as it will provide a general picture of the survival trend and when this trend is disrupted. Increasing attention has been given to testing the assumption of a constant failure rate against a failure rate that changes at a single point in time. We expand the set of alternatives to allow for the consideration of multiple change-points, and propose a model selection algorithm using sequential testing for the piecewise constant hazard model. These methods are data driven and allow us to estimate not only the number of change points in the hazard function ...
Precocious puberty following severe head trauma.

• True precocious puberty is frequently secondary to intrinsic central nervous system pathology, but is rare following external head trauma. We describe two children who developed precocious puberty within three months of severe exogenous head trauma. Infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing factor induced a prompt rise in circulating gonadotropin concentrations and established that their sexual precocity was the result of premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. While the precise mechanism by which exogenous head trauma causes precocious puberty remains unknown, the clinical features of these children's disorders are consistent with the hypothesis that extra-hypothalamic areas restrain pituitary gonadotropin secretion before puberty and that damage to these areas can result in precocious puberty. (AJDC1985;139:467-469)
Fourier analysis of dynamics of excitation and inhibition in the eye of Limulus: Amplitude, phase and distance

Abstract Three basic processes—excitation, self-inhibition and lateral inhibition govern the dynamics of the neural network in the lateral eye of Limulus . Experiments show that all lateral inhibition may be represented by a single transfer function scaled by the summed lateral inhibitory coefficients. Discharges of impulses from three units were recorded simultaneously. Results: 1. (1) Variation in amplitude of excitation produces proportional variation in amplitude of lateral inhibition on a neighboring unit at a fixed distance but no phase shift. 2. (2) The amplitude of lateral inhibition varies with distance to the units affected, but there is no phase shift.
Mutation of the Carboxy Terminal Zinc Finger of E. Coli Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase Alters Zinc Binding and Aminoacylation Activity

Escherichia coli isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase has been shown to contain two enzyme-bound zinc atoms per polypeptide chain. To investigate the structural and functional significance of the C-terminal enzyme-bound zinc, mutagenesis was used to alter Cys 922 to Ser [IleRS(C922S)] and to replace Cys 922 through Ala 939 with a 33 amino acid peptide unable to bind zinc (AIleRS). Both IleRS(C922S) and AIleRS were found to contain only a single enzyme-bound zinc per polypeptide chain. Substitution of Co2+ for Zn2+ in IleRS(C922S) gave a visible spectrum characteristic of that expected for a single tetrahedrally coordinated enzyme-bound Co2+ atom. Little or no effect on the Km values for ATP or Ile and only a 5 fold reduction of the (kcat/Km)Ile was observed for IleRS(C922S) and AIleRS in the isoleucine-dependent ATP-pyrophosphate exchange reaction. In the tRNA-dependent aminoacylation reaction, Km values for tRNA(Ile) were only slightly affected in the mutant proteins. However, kcat/Km values were decreased approximately 200 and 2500 fold for IleRS(C922S) and AIleRS, respectively. These results suggest that both the C-terminal enzyme-bound zinc and the C-terminal peptide play important roles in aminoacylation of tRNA(Ile).
Effect of praziquantel on adult Echinococcus granulosus in vitro: scanning electron microscopy.

The effect of praziquantel in vitro at concentrations of 5, 50 and 500 ppm for 1 h resulted in the progressive breakdown of the tegument and in morphologic distortion of adultEchinococcus granulosus when compared to controls. Scanning electron microscopy of all specimens treated in the various concentrations of praziquantel showed loss of most, if not all, of the rostellar hooks and changes in the structure of the suckers. Many of the tapeworms immediately detached from the host's gut upon being placed in the drug, and all treated cestodes exhibited contraction or swelling, particularly in the penultimate proglottid. Intense contraction was apparent in the worms exposed to the higher drug concentrations. Characteristic conical microtriches on the terminal proglottid, as observed in the control specimens, became fused and matted when exposed to 5 ppm of praziquantel. At a drug concentration of 50 ppm, the tegumental surface developed grooves or furrows between clumps of fused microtriches, while 500 ppm caused production of holes within the denuded tegument of the parasite. Ovoid bodies, presumed to be eggs, were observed on the outer surfaces and just below the tegument of tapeworms treated with concentrations of 50 ppm. These structures also appeared to adhere to the outer surfaces of specimens exposed to 500 ppm. In view of the foregoing, special care should be taken in handling and disposing of feces from infected or suspect dogs after praziquantel treatment, since the breakdown in the tegumental surface ofE. granulosus presumably results in the release of potentially infective eggs.
Cationic Surfactants for the Control of Overfill Bumps in Cu Superfilling

Electroanalytical measurements and feature-filling experiments have been conducted to study the effect of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, on Cu deposition in the presence of various combinations of superfilling additives. A variety of other surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium hydrogen sulfate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate were examined to reveal the significance of head group charge, counterion, and chain length for the adsorption and interaction of levelers with the accelerator bis(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS). Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC)-saturated surfaces yield substantial inhibition of Cu deposition that is similar in magnitude to that provided by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Cl. This suggests that such layers operate by physically limiting access of Cu 2+ to the Cu surface. However, the addition of DTAC and related cationic surfactants quench the characteristic voltammetric hysteresis of the PEG-Cl-SPS system. This is attributed to ion-pairing between the cationic head group of the surfactants and the anionic tail group of SPS, resulting in the deactivation of SPS. Deactivation may occur either by DTAC accumulation from the electrolyte or by lateral interaction during area reduction that occurs on advancing concave surfaces in accordance with the curvature-enhanced adsorbate coverage mechanism. The combined process may be optimized to enable the superfilling dynamic to be sustained while overfill bump is effectively attenuated.
GROWTH OF YOUNG JUNE SUCKER (CHASMISTES LIORUS) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ZOOPLANKTON DENSITY IN UTAH LAKE

ABSTRACT. The endangered June sucker, Chasmistes liorus, is a long-lived, zooplanktivorous sucker endemic to Utah Lake, Utah. Habitat degradation both in the tributaries, where adults spawn, and in the lake has contributed to near complete mortality of larval and juvenile fish within the first few weeks after hatching, leading to a long-term lack of recruitment to the adult population. Recovery of June sucker depends on habitat restoration in the river and the lake that will increase the survival of young fish. Thus, it is important to understand how habitat heterogeneity within the lake will influence the survival and growth of young June suckers. To this end, we compared the survival and growth of juvenile June suckers at 2 spatial scales: (1) large regions across the lake and (2) habitats within regions, namely, open water versus vegetated habitats. We related patterns of survival and growth to food availability (zooplankton density). Growth, but not survival, differed significantly among sites at the ...
Prediction of ternary liquid—liquid equilibria from excess enthalpies using a local composition model

Abstract Battler J.R. and Rowley, R.L., 1986. Prediction of ternary liquid—liquid equlibira from excess enthalpies using a local composition model. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 25: 129–135. Recently Battler and Rowley reported excess enthalpies over a 30°C temperature range for the constituent binary pairs of six ternary systems exhibiting type I (only one non-consolute pair) liquid—liquid equilibrium. These data have been used to fit parameters in a local composition model for the excess enthalpy (Rowley and Battler). These, in conjunction with binary VLE data available from the literature, were used to determine the liquid—liquid phase behavior of these six systems. Existing local composition models are primarily correlational in nature and cannot be used to predict liquid—liquid equilibria from parameters fitted with VLE or hE data. The method utilized in this work resulted in reasonably good predictions from binary VLE data (at whatever temperature available) and excess enthalpy data over a small temperature range.