cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A monoclonal antibody toolkit for C. elegans.

Background Antibodies are critical tools in many avenues of biological research. Though antibodies can be produced in the research laboratory setting, most research labs working with vertebrates avail themselves of the wide array of commercially available reagents. By contrast, few such reagents are available for work with model organisms. Methodology/Principal Findings We report the production of monoclonal antibodies directed against a wide range of proteins that label specific subcellular and cellular components, and macromolecular complexes. Antibodies were made to synaptobrevin (SNB-1), a component of synaptic vesicles; to Rim (UNC-10), a protein localized to synaptic active zones; to transforming acidic coiled-coil protein (TAC-1), a component of centrosomes; to CENP-C (HCP-4), which in worms labels the entire length of their holocentric chromosomes; to ORC2 (ORC-2), a subunit of the DNA origin replication complex; to the nucleolar phosphoprotein NOPP140 (DAO-5); to the nuclear envelope protein lamin (LMN-1); to EHD1 (RME-1) a marker for recycling endosomes; to caveolin (CAV-1), a marker for caveolae; to the cytochrome P450 (CYP-33E1), a resident of the endoplasmic reticulum; to β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase (SQV-8) that labels the Golgi; to a chaperonin (HSP-60) targeted to mitochondria; to LAMP (LMP-1), a resident protein of lysosomes; to the alpha subunit of the 20S subcomplex (PAS-7) of the 26S proteasome; to dynamin (DYN-1) and to the α-subunit of the adaptor complex 2 (APA-2) as markers for sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis; to the MAGUK, protein disks large (DLG-1) and cadherin (HMR-1), both of which label adherens junctions; to a cytoskeletal linker of the ezrin-radixin-moesin family (ERM-1), which localized to apical membranes; to an ERBIN family protein (LET-413) which localizes to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells and to an adhesion molecule (SAX-7) which localizes to the plasma membrane at cell-cell contacts. In addition to working in whole mount immunocytochemistry, most of these antibodies work on western blots and thus should be of use for biochemical fractionation studies. Conclusions/Significance We have produced a set of monoclonal antibodies to subcellular components of the nematode C. elegans for the research community. These reagents are being made available through the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB).
Radio Emission from the Heliopause Triggered by an Interplanetary Shock

A strong heliospheric radio emission event has been detected by Voyagers 1 and 2 in the frequency range of 2 to 3 kilohertz. This event started in July 1992 and is believed to have been generated at or near the heliopause by an interplanetary shock that originated during a period of intense solar activity in late May and early June 1991. This shock produced large plasma disturbances and decreases in cosmic ray intensity at Earth, Pioneers 10 and 11, and Voyagers 1 and 2. The average propagation speed estimated from these effects is 600 to 800 kilometers per second. After correction for the expected decrease in the shock speed in the outer heliosphere, the distance to the heliopause is estimated to be between 116 and 177 astronomical units.
Strategy for Better Ordering in Diblock Copolymer Based Nanocomposites

A simple approach to improve the structural ordering in block copolymer/nanoparticle nanocomposites is presented. It is to blend a small molecular weight homopolymer with the composites, which can uniformly swell the preferred domain where the nanoparticles locate and increase the conformational entropy of the domain. Consequently, the interfaces between the block copolymer domains become smooth that improves the long range order in the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the uniform swelling of the preferred domain by the homopolymer will allow higher loading of nanoparticles without adversely affecting the long range order.
Lyapunov analysis of rigid body systems with impacts and friction via sums-of-squares

Many critical tasks in robotics, such as locomotion or manipulation, involve collisions between a rigid body and the environment or between multiple bodies. Sums-of-squares (SOS) based methods for numerical computation of Lyapunov certificates are a powerful tool for analyzing the stability of continuous nonlinear systems, which can play a powerful role in motion planning and control design. Here, we present a method for applying sums-of-squares verification to rigid bodies with Coulomb friction undergoing discontinuous, inelastic impact events. The proposed algorithm explicitly generates Lyapunov certificates for stability, positive invariance, and reachability over admissible (non-penetrating) states and contact forces. We leverage the complementarity formulation of contact, which naturally generates the semialgebraic constraints that define this admissible region. The approach is demonstrated on multiple robotics examples, including simple models of a walking robot and a perching aircraft.
Small-scale physics of the ocean

Progress in research on the small-scale physics of the ocean is reviewed. The contribution of such research to the understanding of the large scales is addressed and compared for various depth ranges of the ocean. The traditional framework for discussing small-scale measurements and turbulence is outlined, and recent research in the area is reviewed, citing references. Evidence for the existence of salt fingering in oceanic mixing is discussed. Factors that might inhibit the growth of salt fingers are assessed, and the influence of differences between laboratory tank and ocean in studying the fingers is discussed. The role of salt fingers in creating intrusions is examined. Instruments and methods used to measure the smallest scales at which there is appreciable variation and the stability of the patch of ocean in which the small-scale motions take place are considered.
Influence of airfoil nose radius on sound generated by gust interactions

The sound radiated by interaction of a short wavelength gust (k much greater than 1) with a symmetric thin airfoil is analyzed. The theory is based on a linearization of the Euler equations about the subsonic mean flow past the airfoil. The sound generation mechanism is found to be concentrated in a local region surrounding the parabolic nose of the airfoil; the size of this local region scales on the gust wavelength. Airfoil thickness produces terms of relative order O(sq rt S) in the far field sound, where S is a Strouhal number based on the airfoil nose radius. At low Mach numbers, entropy gusts generate much less sound than vorticity gusts. However, for O(1) Mach numbers and moderate values of S, entropy and vorticity gusts produce similar sound levels.
Verticillium albo-atrum carried by certified seed potatoes into Washington and control by chemicals.

Fifty-one percent of 110 lots of certified seed potatoes from 10 states and Canada sampled in 1968 and 30% of 134 lots from nine states and Canada sampled in 1969 were infected withVerticillium albo-atrum. Fortyone percent of the 1968 lots and 13% of the 1969 lots carried soil infested with the fungus on tuber surfaces. The dark mycelial type ofV. albo-atrum was found infecting tubers more often than the microsclerotial type, however, high propapgule populations of the microsclerotial type were present on tuber surfaces in the soil of infested lots. Over 24% of the isolates ofV. albo-atrum infecting and infesting tubers from lots of seed potatoes were pathogenic to eggplant var. Black Beauty. Captan®, household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite), Polyram®, Orthocide®, and Semesan Bel®, were effective in preventing germination of the fungus in small amounts of soil such as might be carried by infested tubers. Liquid treatments were more effective than dusts.
Effect of endovascular stent strut geometry on vascular injury, myointimal hyperplasia, and restenosis.

Purpose: Early restenosis and the development of myointimal hyperplasia in stented blood vessels have been attributed to deep vascular injury with fracture of the internal elastic lamina (IEL). The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the vascular wall response to superficial injury (without IEL rupture) after balloon angioplasty and intravascular stent placement in porcine arteries and the determination of the effect of stent strut geometry on the degree of vessel injury and early restenosis. Methods: Balloon-expandable stainless-steel stents were placed into the iliac arteries of 10 Sinclair miniature swine that had been fed an atherogenic diet. A Palmaz stent, with rectangular struts and smooth corners, was randomly assigned to one iliac artery (group 1), and a novel stent, which was designed and manufactured in the laboratory with thicker struts and sharper corners specifically to induce large wall stress concentrations, was placed in the contralateral iliac artery (group 2). Intravascular ultrasound scan was used in all deployments to ensure accurate balloon sizing and to avoid stent overexpansion and deep vascular injury. At 90 days after implantation, the animals were killed, the stented vessels harvested, and histomorphometric analysis performed. Results: Deployment of novel stents in group 2 resulted in a statistically higher incidence rate of deep vascular injury (fracture of the IEL) compared with group 1, despite identical balloon size used for deployment (with Student t test, P < .05). Vessels with deep injury showed a 10-fold increase in myointimal thickening compared with those vessels in which the IEL remained intact. A statistically higher restenosis rate was observed for group 2 (33.5% ± 19.90%) compared with group 1 (20.39% ± 14.70%). For both stent designs, there was a trend toward lower degrees of restenosis within the mid-portion of the stent. For superficially injured arteries in both groups, no correlation was observed between the amount of vessel wall/medial layer compression and the development of restenosis from myointimal hyperplasia. Conclusion: Maintenance of an intact IEL is an important factor in the prevention of myointimal hyperplasia and restenosis in stented porcine iliac arteries. The alteration of stent strut height and geometry does not significantly affect restenosis and the development of myointimal hyperplasia in vessels with superficial injury. Superficial injury elicits a response that is independent of stent strut geometry and vessel wall compression. Stent strut profile may, however, increase local vessel wall stress concentrations, leading to IEL rupture and an exaggerated response to injury. (J Vasc Surg 2002;36:143-9.)
The role of public relations in the institutionalization of ethics

Abstract This study examined the role and perceived value of public relations in institutional ethics initiatives. The findings of a survey of ethics officers in North American institutions reveal that public relations professionals are not playing key roles in the institutionalization of ethics and that public relations remains a relatively untapped resource in ethics programs.
PREDATORS COME AND PREDATORS GO: THE REVERSIBILITY OF PREDATOR‐INDUCED TRAITS

While numerous studies have been conducted on the ecology and evolution of phenotypic plasticity, to really understand plasticity we need to expose organisms to different environments over several ontogenetic stages. In this way, we can examine whether organisms change their phenotypic strategy over ontogeny, whether there are developmental windows that constrain the development of plastic traits, and whether behavior is more reversible than morphology if the environment reverts back to its original state. I addressed these questions by examining predator-induced plasticity in gray treefrog tadpoles (Hyla versicolor). Using aquatic mesocosms, I reared tadpoles with a constant absence of predators, a constant presence of predators, and the addition or removal of predators at three different times during their larval period. Tadpoles changed their phenotypic strategy over ontogeny; early in ontogeny they responded to predators by hiding, reducing their activity, and developing relatively deep tail fins. Later in ontogeny the tadpoles no longer employed behavioral defenses but relied on a combination of greater mass, deeper tails, and shorter bodies. The phenotypic changes were inducible throughout most of ontogeny, suggesting that there were few developmental windows. Activity, tail depth, and body depth were highly reversible early in ontogeny but less reversible later in ontogeny; because hiding was only used early in ontogeny, I could not assess its reversibility. This reversibility should affect not only the induced species, but will likely transmit the effects throughout the larger ecological community.
An Examination of Culture Bias in the Wonderlic Personnel Test

Abstract Internal evidence of cultural bias, in terms of various types of item analysis, was sought in the Wonderlic Personnel Test results in large, representative samples of Whites and Blacks totaling some 1,500 subjects. Essentially, the lack of any appreciable Race × Items interaction and the high interracial similarity in rank order of item difficulties lead to the conclusion that the Wonderlic shows very little evidence of cultural bias with respect to the present samples which, however, differ appreciably in mean scores. The items which account for the most variance within each racial group are, by and large, the same items that show the largest interracial discrimination.
Intermittent pneumatic compression devices -- physiological mechanisms of action.

There are many reports of how IPC is used effectively in the clinical setting; including the prevention of deep venous thrombosis, improvement of circulation in patients with lower extremity arterial diseases, reduction of lymphoedema, and the healing of venous ulcers. However, despite the widely accepted use of IPC, it is still unclear how IPC actually exerts its beneficial effects. The exact physiological mechanisms of action are unknown. The clinical utility of IPC and the putative mechanisms by which IPC could exert its therapeutic effect will be reviewed. The paper will examine the mechanical effects of IPC exerted on the lower extremity, and the subsequent biochemical changes in the circulation. In vitro studies of the effects of mechanical stress such as compressive strain and shear on cultured endothelial cells, and their clinical relevance to IPC will also be reviewed.
High-speed wireline timing recovery & PLLs

Advances in high-performance clock generator circuits and timing recovery techniques are essential for the continued improvements in performance, power, and area demanded by current and future wireline communication systems. The papers presented in this section highlight developments in timing recovery techniques for ADC-based receivers and burst-mode systems, a new approach to realize PLLs with peaking-free transfer functions, and analysis and design comparisons of capacitor-multiplier and passive loop filters for low-area PLL implementations.
Collaborative use & design of interactive simulations

Interactive simulations hold great potential as a communication vehicle capable of improving the usefulness of technology in education. While some benefit can be gained by simply using pre-built simulations, learners benefit most from designing all or at least some aspects of their own simulations. The challenge is to enable this design-as-learning activity without turning students into programmers. A component-based approach cannot only simplify the design of interactive simulations but at the same time serves as collaboration-enabling technology connecting students, teachers, publishers, and researchers. A general framework called the Use & Design Spectrum is introduced to conceptualize collaboration issues of simulation use and design. The AgentSheets simulation-authoring tool is used to provide specific examples of collaborations.
Radial variation of interplanetary Alfvénic fluctuations: Pioneer 10 and 11 observations between 1 and 5 AU

The radial evolution of the power spectra of Alfvenic fluctuations observed within the trailing edge of high speed streams in the solar wind has been investigated using magnetic field measurements by Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 at heliocentric distances between 1 and 5 AU. In the analyzed frequency range (0.00028 - 0.0083 Hz) the spectral index of the computed spectra does not depend on frequency and is close to the value predicted for hydrodynamic turbulence. The radial gradient of the power density is independent of frequency and only slightly steeper than that expected for undamped propagation of Alfvenic fluctuations in a rarefaction region. The relation between the present results and those previously obtained by Helios 1 and 2 inside 1 AU is discussed.
AIRS and MODIS Synergy and the Next Generation of Imaging Sounders

Similar measurements made by AIRS and MODIS including temperature, water vapor, cloud and surface properties, and their impact to science and weather are discussed. We show their individual limitations and value of a combined imaging sounder.
Advanced polymer architecture sealing solutions for oil and gas applications

The high pressure, high temperature and harsh chemical environment of many current oil and gas applications make selection of the best elastomer for specific applications increasingly difficult. This article discusses three fluoroelastomers made with Advanced Polymer Architecture (APA) and compares them to conventional FKM and FEPM polymers. Physical properties at room temperature and 200°C, low temperature flexibility and chemical resistance, including resistance to ester based drilling fluids and formate brines, are compared so that selection of candidate materials for HPHT wells can be improved. The polymer processing improvements are also discussed.
An annotated catalog of salivary gland transcripts from Ixodes scapularis ticks.

Abstract Over 8000 expressed sequence tags from six different salivary gland cDNA libraries from the tick Ixodes scapularis were analyzed. These libraries derive from feeding nymphs infected or not with the Lyme disease agent, Borrelia burgdorferi , from unfed adults, and from adults feeding on a rabbit for 6–12 h, 18–24 h, and 3–4 days. Comparisons of the several libraries led to identification of several significantly differentially expressed transcripts. Additionally, over 500 new predicted protein sequences are described, including several novel gene families unique to ticks; no function can be presently ascribed to most of these novel families. Among the housekeeping-associated transcripts, we highlight those enzymes associated with post translation modification of amino acids, particularly those forming sulfotyrosine, hydroxyproline, and carboxyl-glutamic acid. Results support the hypothesis that gene duplication, most possibly including genome duplications, is a major player in tick evolution.
Vasomotor rhinitis update.

Purpose of reviewThis review was conducted to examine new data on vasomotor rhinitis, a common clinical problem.Recent findingsRecent publications highlight advances in the study of the pathophysiology of vasomotor rhinitis. Electron microscopic and ultracytochemical evaluation of the nasal mucosa i
User evaluations of design complexity: The impact of visual perceptions for effective online health communication

Abstract Objective This paper highlights the influential role of design complexity for users’ first impressions of health websites. Method An experimental design was utilized to investigate whether a website's level of design complexity impacts user evaluations. An online questionnaire measured the hypothesized impact of design complexity on predictors of message effectiveness. Results Findings reveal that increased design complexity was positively associated with higher levels of perceived design esthetics, attitude toward the website, perceived message comprehensibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived message quality, perceived informativeness, and perceived visual informativeness. Conclusion This research gives further evidence that design complexity should be considered an influential variable for health communicators to effectively reach their audiences, as it embodies the critical first step for message evaluation via electronic platforms.
Heart Follows Head: Influencing Violence-related Attitudes in the Classroom

We examined whether an undergraduate course on violence would influence students’ violence-related attitudes and beliefs. Students (N=145) completed the Violence-Related Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (V-RABS) at the beginning (Time 1) and end (Time 2) of the semester-long course. As expected, support for the death penalty, punishment, and catharsis decreased significantly, as did belief in an association between mental illness and violence. Acceptance of environmental influences on violent behavior increased significantly, although belief in biological influences did not change. Support for violence prevention efforts was high at both Times 1 and 2, and did not change significantly. Consistent with previous research, the results of this study confirm that college curricula may influence students’ attitudes and beliefs in addition to imparting knowledge.
"Emerging Alzheimer's disease therapies: focusing on the future".

The Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR) organized a 1 day symposium entitled "Emerging Alzheimer's disease Therapies: Focusing On The Future" on November 7th, 2001 at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, PA. The agenda (Fig. 1) focused on novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) designed to prevent/eliminate Abeta deposits in the brains of AD patients. While fibrillar Abeta deposits known as senile plaques (SPs) and intraneuronal tau fibrils known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are diagnostic of AD, >50% of patients with familial or sporadic AD as well as elderly Down's syndrome patients with AD harbor a third type of brain amyloid known as Lewy bodies formed by intraneuronal alpha-synuclein fibrils. Thus, AD is a "triple brain amyloidosis" since three different proteins (tau, alpha-synuclein) or peptide fragments (Abeta) of a larger Abeta precursor protein (APP) fibrillize and aggregate into pathological deposits of amyloid within (NFTs, LBs) and outside (SPs) neurons in AD brains. The symposium is summarized here followed by reviews from symposium speakers who describe potential anti-Abeta therapies some of which are in clinical trials.
The Cantwell-ransley epispadias repair in exstrophy and epispadias: Lessons learned

Abstract Objectives We evaluated our experience with the Cantwell-Ransley epispadias repair to determine the lessons that have been learned with the increased experience and follow-up. Methods A total of 75 boys (60 with bladder exstrophy and 15 with complete epispadias) underwent a Cantwell-Ransley epispadias repair at our institute in the last 6 years. Primary repair was performed in 58 boys (45 with exstrophy and 13 with epispadias), and secondary repair was performed after prior failed closure in 17 boys (12 at the secondary exstrophy closure, 3 with exstrophy, and 2 with complete epispadias). Results At a mean follow-up of 28 months, all patients had a horizontal or downward angled penis while standing. The incidence of urethrocutaneous fistulas in the immediate postoperative state was 21% and at 3 months was 15%. The incidence of urethrocutaneous fistulas was no more in those patients in whom paraexstrophy skin flaps were used at anterior closure than in those in whom the urethral plate was left intact. Two patients developed a urethral stricture at the proximal anastomotic area, and 4 patients had minor skin separation of the dorsal penile skin closure. Catheterization or cystoscopy, or both, has been performed in 60 patients and revealed an easily negotiable urethral channel in all. Conclusions The Cantwell-Ransley epispadias repair offers a straighter urethra, better correction of chordee and cosmesis, and a lower fistula rate in the exstrophy or epispadias patient.
Two-photon solvatochromism of 4-dimethylamino-4'-nitrostilbene (DANS)

Variation of two-photon absorption (2PA) of organic chromophores as a function of the environment such as different solvent polarity has important implications for practical applications of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials but could be also used as a sensitive probe of local inter- and intra-molecular interactions. We report measurement of the 2PA spectrum in the broad wavelength range 700-1000 nm of a benchmark NLO chromophore 4-Dimethylamino-4’-nitrostilbene (DANS) in a series of solvents with varying polarity by using a femtosecond nonlinear-optical transmission method with a nearly-collimated laser beam. The 2PA peak of DANS shifts systematically from 834 nm in a low dielectric constant solvent isobutyl isobutyrate (dielectric constant = 4) to 892 nm in a highly polar solvent DMSO (dielectric constant = 48), which quantitatively follows the corresponding solvatochromic shift of the S 0 →S 1 transition peak in the linear absorption spectrum, and indicates that DANS has a significant ground state permanent electric dipole moment that interacts with the solvent environment. The corresponding change of the S 0 →S 1 transition peak 2PA cross section in solvents with different polarity is quite large, ranging from 160 GM in isobutyl acetate to 240 GM in 1,3-Dioxolane. However, this variation exhibits no direct correlation with the solvent polarity. This effect may be tentatively attributed to the change of the excited state permanent electric dipole moment due to the instantaneous S 0 →S 1 transition. Our results confirm that accurate measurement of 2PA spectra may serve as a probe of local molecular-level interactions.
OSS-1 - A pathfinder mission for space science on the Space Shuttle

On its third flight, the Space Shuttle carried a payload of nine scientific instruments, designated OSS-1, to demonstrate the capability of the Shuttle for research in space plasma physics, solar physics, astronomy, life sciences, and space technology and to characterize the environment associated with the operation of the vehicle. A comprehensive scientific and technical program of measurements was successfully executed during the eightday mission. The interactive use of the Remote Manipulator System by the crew to perform space plasma measurements, the control of the Orbiter as a pointing platform, and the ability to return instruments for recalibration and reflight demonstrate a basic Shuttle capability that can be exploited in future scientific missions.
Infant temporal contrast sensitivity at low temporal frequencies.

Abstract The data on infant temporal contrast sensitivity functions (TCSFs) are scarce and contradictory. Earlier studies suggest that critical flicker frequency (CFF) is adultlike at 2–3 months postnatal (Regal, D. M., 1981 Vision Research , 21, 549–555), while contrast sensitivity at low temporal frequencies remains poor. If both of these findings are true, then infant TCSFs are much flatter than those of adults. In the present study, we have re-investigated 2-month-olds' contrast thresholds at low temporal frequencies. To match the conditions of Regal's CFF study, test fields were embedded in a luminance-matched surround. As in previous studies, low contrast sensitivities were found. Models of infants' flat TCSFs are discussed.
Designing modular robots for a spectrum of space applications

Monolithic robots are poorly suited to the broad requirements and uncertainties of space automation applications. Weight limitations prohibit the selection of many robots, each capable of a few tasks. Building one generic robot limits automation to that robot's narrow application spectrum. A better approach is to fly a set of standardized components that can be reconfigured as required by the immediate needs on the Space Station, the Lunar surface, or beyond. This set of modular building blocks will weigh less than the family of equivalent monolithic machines, offer changeouts of broken components, and widen the spectrum of tasks that automation can address in space. Further advantages of the modular design philosophy include reduced mean time to repair, reduced operator training, and reduced system cost. While a number of robotic joint and link modules have been developed within the community (7 joints and 12 links at UT alone) there has yet to be an agreement on the standardized interfaces that other industries have exploited. The goal for this project was to design a modular robot standard that allows advanced controllers to communicate with each of the modules, verifying their positions and mounting orientations within the robot, while simultaneously offering a quick release capability to the operator. Two new link modules and one new joint module were designed to support this standard, and their development is reported. The design has proven merits which include a lightweight, high stiffness, on-module data storage, extra wire capacity, and assembly verification capabilities that are unique.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anomalous hydrogen emissions from the San Andreas fault observed at the Cienega Winery, central California

We began continuous monitoring of H2 concentration in soil along the San Andreas and Calaveras faults in central California in December 1980, using small H2/O2 fuel-cell sensors. Ten monitoring stations deployed to date have shown that anomalous H2 emissions take place occasionally in addition to diurnal changes. Among the ten sites, the Cienega Winery site has produced data that are characterized by very small diurnal changes, a stable baseline, and remarkably distinct spike-like H2 anomalies since its installation in July 1982. A major peak appeared on 1–10 November 1982, and another on 3 April 1983, and a medium peak on 1 November 1983. The occurrences of these peaks coincided with periods of very low seismicity within a radius of 50 km from the site. In order to methodically assess how these peaks are related to earthquakes, three H2 degassing models were examined. A plausible correlational pattern was obtained by using a model that (1) adopts a hemicircular spreading pattern of H2 along an incipient fracture plane from the hypocenter of an earthquake, (2) relies on the FeO−H2O reaction for H2 generation, and (3) relates the accumulated amount of H2 to the mass of serpentinization of underlying ophiolitic rocks; the mass was tentatively assumed to be proportional to the seismic energy of the earthquake.
Rtg3p, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/Leucine Zipper Protein that Functions in Mitochondrial-induced Changes in Gene Expression, Contains Independent Activation Domains

Rtg3p and Rtg1p are basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper protein transcription factors in yeast that interact and bind to sites in an upstream activation sequence element in the 5′-flanking region of CIT2, a gene encoding a peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase. These factors are required both for basal expression of CIT2 and its elevated expression in cells with dysfunctional mitochondria, such as in respiratory-deficient petite cells lacking mitochondrial DNA (ρ°). This elevated expression of CIT2 is called the retrograde response. Here we show that fusion constructs between the Gal4p DNA binding domain and Rtg3p transactivate the expression of aLacZ reporter gene under the control of a GAL1promoter element. We have identified two activation domains in Rtg3p: a strong carboxyl-terminal domain from amino acids 375–486, and a weaker amino-terminal domain from amino acids 1–175; neither of these activation domains contain the bHLH/Zip motif. We have also identified a serine/threonine-rich domain of Rtg3p within amino acids 176–282 that is inhibitory to transactivation. In addition, the transcriptional activity of the Gal4-Rtg3p fusion proteins does not require either Rtg1p or Rtg2p; the latter is a protein containing an hsp70-like ATP binding domain that is also necessary for CIT2 expression. In contrast, transcriptional activation by Gal4-Rtg1p fusion proteins requires the Rtg1p basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper protein domain, as well as Rtg3p and Rtg2p. These data suggest that transcriptional activation by the Rtg1p-Rtg3p complex is largely the function of Rtg3p. Experiments are also presented suggesting that Rtg3p is limiting for gene expression in respiratory-competent (ρ+) cells.
Syncytia formation: An aid in the diagnosis of canine distemper encephalomyelitis

Syncytia formation has been observed in response to experimental Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) infection in specific-pathogen-free Beagle dogs. Multinucleated giant cells are most frequently found in white matter lesions of the brain and in the anterior uvea of the eye. Lymph nodes and the lung are occasionally positive, while the leptomeninges will also rarely harbour syncytia. The mechanism of syncytia formation and their possible importance in the pathogenesis of the disease are briefly discussed. Widespread tissue syncytia formation is a feature of CDV infection which should assist in identifying cases of non-suppurative encephalitis in the dog caused by this agent.
SU-C-213CD-06: Quantitative Assessment of 4D Cone-Beam CT Based Image Guidance for Patient Positioning in Precision Radiotherapy

Purpose: To evaluate the precision of 4D cone‐beam CT as an image guidance tool for stereotactic body radiotherapy using intensity modulated arc or fixed gantry radiotherapy in sites with significant intrafraction tumor motionMethods: 4D cone‐beam CT (4D‐CBCT) is a recent innovation that has the potential to significantly improve the precision of highly conformai radiotherapytreatments. The performance of a commercial Elekta Synergy X‐ray Volume Imager (XVI) 4D‐CBCT system was quantitatively analyzed using a motor driven respiration phantom for a series of uniform and irregular breathing patterns. The quality of image guidance was assessed based on the precision of the 4D‐CBCT registration obtained from the XVI system with respect to the known motion of the respiration phantom (Quasar ModusQA). The quality of the registration was evaluated with various scan acquisition settings for field size, projection arc, gantry speed, etc., to develop an optimized image guidance protocol for 4D treatment sites. Results: The results indicated that the 4D‐CBCT registration shifts were in good overall agreement with the actual phantom motion. After rigid registration corrections using static regions of the phantom to eliminate systematic shifts, the respiration amplitudes were accurately reflected to within 1–3 mm for most breathing patterns, which is well within the expected uncertainty of registration algorithms as well as the amplitude and phase variability of the motor control. However, position differences in individual phase comparisons were found to be as high as 8–10 mm. We also observed that the larger field settings (m20) for the 4D‐CBCT acquisition rendered comparable accuracy to smaller vendor recommended fields (S20). Conclusions: The accuracy of 4D‐CBCT based patient positioning for treatment sites with significant respiratory motion was verified along with its potential to facilitate greater precision for dose convergence in hyperfractionated radiotherapy as well as to evaluate the feasibility of respiration gated radiotherapy.
SAGE III observations of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds – December 2002

[1] Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III aerosol extinction data from the Arctic in December 2002 are presented and used to illustrate the instrument's capability for polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations. Numerous PSCs were observed during the month at potential temperatures from about 450–700 K, and Types 1a and 1b PSCs could be discriminated in plots of 1022-nm extinction versus color ratio (the ratio of 1022-nm and 449-nm extinctions). Type 1a (1b) PSCs were observed primarily above (below) a threshold temperature of 4 K below the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) equilibrium temperature. Mie calculations show that some of the Type 1a PSC observations are consistent with a mixture of background aerosol and very few large NAT particles. This suggests that SAGE III offers the potential for systematic observations of these clouds, which would greatly improve our understanding of how they form and lead to stratospheric denitrification.
Linking Self-Regulation and Risk Proneness to Risky Sexual Behavior: Pathways through Peer Pressure and Early Substance Use

The linkages between self-regulation in childhood, risk proneness in early adolescence, and risky sexual behavior in mid-adolescence were examined in a cohort of children (N=518) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The possible mediating role of two early adolescent variables (substance use and negative peer pressure) was also examined. Self-regulation was assessed by maternal report at ages 8–9, and risk proneness, comprising aspects of sensation seeking and decision making, was assessed by adolescent self-report at ages 12–13. Structural equation models predicting risky sexual behavior at ages 16–17 indicated that self-regulation operated partly through early adolescent substance use, whereas risk proneness operated through early adolescent substance use and negative peer pressure. The overall model did not differ significantly for boys and girls, although there were gender differences in the strength of particular paths. These long-term longitudinal results support the importance of early self-regulation and risk proneness in setting the stage for adolescent sexual risk taking and implicate substance use and negative peer pressure as processes through which risk proneness and poor self-regulation lead to risky sexual behavior.
A chemical kinetic analysis of the formation of CuInSe/sub 2/ at different temperatures [solar cell modules]

Understanding the mechanism of the growth of CuInSe/sub 2/ to obtain the pertinent kinetic data is essential for the effective design and real time control of processing equipment to produce CuInSe/sub 2/ solar cell modules. Species concentrations as a function of time and temperature are obtained from experiments in a tubular chemical vapor deposition selenization reactor and a physical vapor deposition selenization reactor. In the present work, a chemical reaction analysis is carried out for both reactors. Using this information, the numerical solution to the set of mass balance equations, estimates of the rate constants and the activation energies are presented. The authors believe that this reaction analysis can be used to interpret reactions which take place during formation of CuInSe/sub 2/ in a three source physical vapor deposition (PVD) reactor.
Generalized events in temporal databases

The concepts of temporal entities and temporal events are distinguished, and the conventional crisp notion of events is extended to define generalized events. Novel definitions are provided for temporal operators used for generalized events. A temporal data model is chosen which is independent of conventional data models, but is similar to temporal data models proposed by other researchers and is sufficiently general to suitable extensions of conventional data models. It is shown how to combine different generalized events and apply temporal operators to such compound events. An outline of a possible implementation of present ideas in the relational data model is provided. >
Theorie der Aräometermethode und der wichtigsten Fehlerquellen

Voraussetzungen: 1. Gultigkeit des Stokesschen Gesetzes. 2. Gleichformigkeit der Suspension bei Beginn des Versuches. 3. Der Querschnitt des Schlammzylinders ist gros verglichen mit dem der Araometerbirne 1.
Modeling fault-zone guided waves of microearthquakes in a geothermal reservoir

Fault-zone guided waves have been identified in microearthquake seismograms recorded at the Coso Geothermal Field, California. The observed guided waves have particle motions and propagation group velocities similar to Rayleigh wave modes. A numerical method has been employed to simulate the guided-wave propagation through the fault zone. By comparing observed and synthetic waveforms the fault-zone width and its P- and S-wave velocity structure have been estimated. It is suggested here that the identification and modeling of such guided waves is an effective tool to locate fracture-induced, low-velocity fault-zone structures in geothermal fields.
Assessment of platelet inhibition by point-of-care testing in neuroendovascular procedures.

SUMMARY: Antiplatelet agents are an important component of the preventive strategies currently used in clinical practice to minimize the risk of thromboembolic events during and after endovascular procedures. Because of the variability in the response to antiplatelet agents, measuring the degree of platelet inhibition may help identify and properly treat poor responders. POC testing is defined as diagnostic testing at or near the site of patient care. Knowledge of the specifics of these devices among practicing neurointerventionalists is relatively limited. In this article, the different POC devices available are presented, and their clinical utility in relation to endovascular procedures is discussed.
Situational panic attacks in social anxiety disorder.

Abstract Background Panic attacks (PAs) are common in many psychiatric disorders other than panic disorder, especially social anxiety disorder (SAD). PAs have been associated with increased severity, comorbidity, and impairment in many disorders; therefore, PAs can now be used as a descriptive specifier across all DSM-5 disorders. However, the clinical implications of PAs in SAD remain unclear. Methods The aim of the present investigation was to examine demographic and clinical characteristics associated with SAD-related situational panic attacks in a large, representative epidemiological sample of individuals with SAD ( N =1138). We compared individuals with SAD who did and did not endorse situational PAs in terms of demographic factors, fear/avoidance of social situations, distress, impairment, and diagnostic comorbidity. Results Being male, black, Asian, or over 65 years old was associated with a decreased likelihood of experiencing situational PAs, whereas being unemployed was associated with an increased likelihood. Individuals with situational PAs also exhibited greater fear and avoidance of social situations, impairment, coping-oriented substance use, treatment utilization, and concurrent and longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity. Limitations Consistent with most epidemiologic studies, the information collected relied on self-report, and not all participants were available for both waves of assessment. Conclusions The present findings suggest that SAD-related situational PAs are associated with more severe and complex presentations of SAD. Implications for the assessment and treatment of SAD, as well as for the use of PAs as a descriptive specifier for SAD, are discussed.
Talbot lithography using aperiodic structures

We propose a phase-mask lithography scheme employing the Talbot field generated from aperiodic structures. In this approach, a 1-dimensional (1D) grating with fixed period and spatially varying duty-cycle is used to generate a 3-dimensional (3D) aperiodic intensity pattern, which can then be recorded by photoresist. Simulated intensity pattern using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to design and optimize the duty-cycle profile of the aperiodic 1D grating. The proposed phase-mask can be patterned using electron-beam lithography directly on a fused silica substrate, and then used to fabricate complex aperiodic structure in direct contact exposure.
Dipole-Bound Anions of Glycine Based on the Zwitterion and Neutral Structures

The instability of the zwitterion structure of glycine is significantly reduced by the attachment of an excess electron as a result of which a local minimum develops on the anionic potential energy surface for the zwitterion structure. However, the global anionic minimum, which is lower by 9 kcal/mol, corresponds to a singly hydrogen-bonded nonzwitterion structure. The vertical electron detachment energies for these two dipole-bound zwitterion and nonzwitterion structures are 3175 and 668 cm-1, respectively.
Minimal-Order Models for False-Alarm Calculations on Sliding Windows

A procedure is developed to obtain practical numerical results in connection with the m-out-of-n sliding-window detection problem. This effort was motivated by difficulties with previous approaches involving approximation, Markov models, and Monte Carlo simulation. Generating-function methods were found to be unsatisfactory for window lengths greater than 6 due to their complexity. Instead, a Markov model is described that is then constructively reduced to the minimum number of state variables. The results are derived for binary strings with intersymbol correlation. Computational aids are discussed for obtaining design information, such as quantiles, from the minimal-order Markov models. Numerical results are given comparing the methods of the paper with a "jumping" window approximation for an 8/10 problem.
COPII-mediated vesicle formation at a glance.

Eukaryotic cells contain a number of different membrane compartments that have specialized roles. Each compartment depends on a specific mixture of proteins for its identity and function. For many compartments, proteins arrive by way of small membrane vesicles that travel through the cell from an
Dry season activity periods of some Amazonian mammals

Camera trapping efforts at three adjacent sites in Madidi National Park and Natural Area of Integrated Management, Bolivia, revealed dry season activity periods for 15 species of Neotropical forest dwelling mammal. Nasua was strictly diurnal, Atelocynus, Dasyprocta, Pecari and Tayassu mostly diurnal, Eira, Hydrochaeris, Mazama, Panthera and Puma cathemeral, Leopardus, Procyon and Tapirus mostly nocturnal, and Cuniculus and Sylvilagus strictly nocturnal. In general, these results support previous natural history knowledge regarding these mammals in humid forests. The importance of considering activity periods when designing field survey and census methods is highlighted.
Phase changes of ambient particles in the Southern Great Plains of Oklahoma

[1] A new instrument, a 1 × 3 tandem differential mobility analyzer (1 × 3-TDMA), was deployed in June 2007 in the Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, USA to study the phase of ambient particles. Its primary measurement, the irreversibility of the hygroscopic growth factor, is obtained by reversibly cycling relative humidity (RH) by ±8% and testing for irreversible changes in diameter. In 101 runs, efflorescence occurred 72% of the time for particles sampled at ambient RH. Deliquescence occurred in 13% of the runs. The more frequent occurrence of efflorescence compared to deliquescence was explained at least in part by the distribution of ambient RH, which had a median of 80% and quartiles of 65% and 93% RH. The deliquescence and efflorescence events were nearly exclusive from one another and could be separated by Min[RH Ambient, Inlet RH] 50% for efflorescence. In outlook, the data set from the 1 × 3-TDMA regarding the phase and hence water content of ambient particles can be used for validating regional chemical transport models of particle phase.
Isomorphism In Context: The Power And Prescription Of Institutional Norms

To what extent do broadly based sociocultural norms affect the distribution of organizational characteristics within a population over time' Under what circumstances are institutional norms more im...