cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Highly Efficient Phosphorescent White OLEDs

We report our recent progress in high efficiency organic light emitting diodes based on phosphorescent emissive materials. Topics, such as, device performance and architecture as well as fabrication techniques will be covered.
ARE TERM INFANTS WITH PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (PPHN) AT RISK FOR HEARING LOSS? 1676

An incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants surviving PPHN as high as 53% has been reported (Pediatrics. 81(5):650-6, 1988). However, one study reported an incidence as low as 0% in infants with similar echocardiographic and/or catheterization criteria (Pediatrics. 90(3):392-6, 1992). This latter study differs from all previous reports in that none of the infants were hyperventilated. Other confounders in these studies include dysmaturity, infection and the use of ototoxic drugs. In addition, PPHN has a variety of etiologies and no single method of management. Since there may be site-specific differences not only in management, but in the incidence of hearing loss, we looked at our own institution's experience.
BASIC PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STOCHASTICALLY SELF-SIMILAR PROCESSES IN Rd

The classical notion of self-similarity (ss) for random X(t) as invariance under the group of positive affine transformations {X→ arX, t→rt; ar>0} is extended by allowing ar to be a random variable. The resulting property of "stochastic self-similarity" (sss) is applied to both ordinary and generalized random processes in Rd, d≥1. The class of sss processes seems to correspond to that of multifractal processes (the latter are variously defined in the literature). The spectral measures of ordinary and generalized sss processes are themselves stochastically self-similar. Two characterizations of ss processes by Lamperti are extended to the sss case and several basic properties of ordinary and generalized sss processes are derived.
Architecture of Entrepreneurial Learning: Exploring the Link among Heuristics, Knowledge, and Action

We extend existing theories of entrepreneurial learning and highlight the effects of heuristics under two different learning contexts: experiential learning and vicarious learning. Specifically, we...
Domestic Politics and the Political Use of Military Force by the United States

The diversionary hypothesis, that leaders use force to distract publics from suffering economies and declining performance, has been explored in numerous articles and books. Despite this attention, the empirical evidence is often contradictory Some argue there is little evidence of diversionary behavior, while others find significant relationships between domestic politics and U.S. foreign policy behavior. I argue that problems with research design and selection effects account for the contradictory evidence, and that by addressing these issues we can better model the impact of domestic political conditions on presidential decision-making. First, I hypothesize that domestic politics influence the occurrence of international crises. After accounting for this influence, I argue we should find that domestic political conditions do not directly influence presidential decision-making. Second, I hypothesize that we can best model their impact on the decision to use force as a function of the severity of the int...
Partial derivations and B. Iversen's linear determinants

In [3], B. Iversen constructs an item he calls the linear determinant, ld, which turns out to be a linear functional on the symmetry class of completely symmetric n-tensors over the vector space of n-square matrices over a field R. That is, if M, (R) denotes the totality of n-square matrices over R and M~ ") (R) is the symmetry class of completely symmetric tensors of degree n over M, (R) then ldE (M~ ") (R))* and has the property that the image of any symmetric power of an .4 ~ M~ (R) is det (A), i.e.,
Who Gets to Be the Expert?: Legal Research Skills Certification in Legal Education

This article considers the question of whether there is a need for law schools to offer certification for specialization in legal research skills and discusses various approaches to legal research skills certification. The author argues that it is unnecessary to offer legal research certification as it is presupposed that a basic legal education should include instruction in how to find and read the law. Anything less is a failed legal education.
Description and occurrence of macrourid larvae and juveniles in the northeast Pacific Ocean off Oregon, U.S.A.

Abstract Although there are over 100 species of North Pacific macrourids, few of their larvae have previously been identified to species. Descriptions of postlarvae and juveniles of Coryphaenoides acrolepis, C. filifer, and C. leptolepis are given, with a provisional key to the identification of most species known from off Oregon. Vertical distribution of the larvae and juveniles of C. acrolepis apparently changes with ontogenetic development, the smallest individuals occurring shallowest. Macrourid eggs have not yet been identified from Oregon waters.
A Quarter-Car Experimental Analysis of Alternative Semiactive Control Methods

The performance of three semiactive control policies, including the well-known skyhook control and two others that are referred to as “groundhook” and “hybrid” control, are studied experimentally. The experiments use a single suspension apparatus that is commonly referred to as “quarter-car” rig, and a magnetorheological damper that is built and tuned for the purpose of this study. Upon describing the mathematics of the three semiactive control policies and the construction of the quarter-car rig, the results of a series of experiments with each control policy are presented. The transmissibility plots of the test results confirm the features of each control policy, as discussed in the past analytical studies. The results indicate that skyhook control can significantly reduce the transmissibility of the sprung mass, as compared with passive dampers. Similarly, groundhook control substantially reduces the unsprung mass transmissibility. For vehicle applications, reducing the sprung mass transmissibility oft...
Observations on burnout in family medicine and psychiatry residents.

Objective To investigate the relationship between burnout, work environment, and a variety of personalvariables, including age, gender, marital, parental and acculturation status within a population of family medicine and psychiatry resident physicians.
Comparing computer run time of building simulation programs

This paper presents an approach to comparing computer run time of building simulation programs. The computing run time of a simulation program depends on several key factors, including the calculation algorithm and modeling capabilities of the program, the run period, the simulation time step, the complexity of the energy models, the run control settings, and the software and hardware configurations of the computer that is used to make the simulation runs. To demonstrate the approach, simulation runs are performed for several representative DOE-2.1E and EnergyPlus energy models. The computer run time of these energy models are then compared and analyzed.
Genetic and Nongenetic Covariates of Pain Severity in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: Assessing the Influence of Cytokine Genes

Abstract We previously demonstrated that select cytokine gene polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-8 are a significant predictor of pain and analgesia in patients with lung cancer. This study explores the role of 13 potentially functional polymorphisms in cytokine genes, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 1, in pain severity in patients with pancreatic cancer. We evaluated a series of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (n=484), who had completed a self-administered survey of pain before initiating any cancer treatment. DNA (n=156) available for a subset of white patients was assayed and assessed for association with pain severity. Results showed that 26% (128 of 484) reported experiencing severe pain (score of >7 on a 0–10 scale). Severe pain varied by the stage of disease (odds ratio [OR] Stage II=4.02, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07, 15.07; Stage III=5.02, 95% CI=1.28, 19.61; Stage IV=6.90, 95% CI=1.96, 24.29), ethnicity (OR non-Hispanic blacks=3.67; 95% CI=1.44, 9.38), reports of depressed mood (OR=1.94; 95% CI=1.09, 3.43), and female sex (OR=1.78; 95% CI=1.04, 3.05). Controlling for these covariates, IL8-251T/A (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.3, 4.7, P
Brainstorming the Marketing Experience

Brainstorming may have some interesting applications in the marketing classroom. As a methodology, it can provide insight into marketing problems, and the degree of student involvement, commitment,...
Evidence of an Aggregating Pheromone in Pissodes approximates and P. strobi

Preliminary field studies in central New York State indicate that an aggregating pheromone is released by males of the northern pine weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopkins. Males of the white pine weevil, P. strobi (Peck), may also release a pheromone which attracts P. approximates . These closely related species are extremely similar morphologically. Chemotaxonomy (Peckham 1969), cytotaxonomy (Manna and Smith 1959, Smith 1962), analysis of sonic signals (Harman and Kranzler 1969) and breeding experiments (Godwin and O'Dell 1967) have yielded equivocal evidence that P. strobi and P. approximatus are separate species. Nevertheless, discriminant analysis of several characters has been used to identify individuals to species (Godwin et al. 1959) and differences in host preference and breeding site of the 2 entities are widely recognized (Hopkins 1911, Smith and Sugden 1969, Baker 1972).
Quantifying the implications of transformation from even to uneven-aged forest stands

Transformation requires, in part, the setting of goals for the stand structure that should be ultimately achieved. This structure can be described by the number of trees per unit area of different sizes, and their species, before and after the harvest. The structure should be sustainable under the prescribed intensity of harvest and cutting cycle. In addition, the harvest and residual growing stock should be such as to meet management goals in the best possible way. These goals usually involve economic and ecological dimensions that can be quantified with financial criteria such as net present value, and with ecological criteria such as diversity indices. The core of quantification is a growth model suitable for the specific forest type under consideration. The growth model allows the determination of feasible, sustainable regimes, which are rarely unique. The choice of a specific regime can be guided by optimization methods, for example, to maximize economic returns, subject to ecological constraints. Once the desired state is decided upon, the conversion to this state can be achieved by harvesting only the trees in excess of the desired distribution. Alternatively, the conversion can also be optimized, for example, by calculating the regime that brings the stand as close as possible to the desired state, within a specific amount of time.
Neutron-proton asymmetry of the midvelocity material in an intermediate-energy heavy-ion collision

The n-p asymmetry of the material found in the midvelocity or ‘‘neck’’ region of an intermediate energy heavy-ion reaction is determined. In order to accomplish this task, data from two different experiments are utilized. While the n-p asymmetry of the light particles ( Z<2) is enriched in neutrons relative to the bulk matter, the total material found at midrapidity has an asymmetry indistinguishable from that of the entire system.
Leukocyte distribution in the pseudopregnant mouse uterus.

: Pseudopregnancy, induced by mating females with vasectomized males, is a frequently used model for studying pregnancy-like uterine changes in the absence of an embryo. Leukocytes make a significant contribution to uterine cellularity during pregnancy. The present study was designed to determine whether changes in numbers and distribution of leukocytes in the uterus during pseudopregnancy and following intraluminal injection of a deciduogenic stimulus parallel changes observed during the first eight days of pregnancy. Common leukocyte antigen positive (CLA +) cells, macrophages (F4/80+ cells), and granulocytes were assessed between days 1 and 8 of pseudopregnancy using qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemistry. High numbers of CLA+ leukocytes were present on days 1 and 2. Those were comprised primarily by macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and eosinophils. High concentrations of leukocytes were detected in the endometrium, and some granulocytes were observed migrating through the luminal epithelium. Leukocytes, principally macrophages, were reduced in number and were distributed throughout the endometrium on days 3 and 4. Introduction of oil to the uterine lumen on day 4 stimulated primary decidualization. Decidual cells were CLA − and F4/80, − and, as decidualization proceeded, CLA+ and F4/80+ cells decreased in number in the anti-mesometrial uterus and were detected primarily in the deep endometrium. Later, a secondary decidualization zone developed in the mesometrial aspect of the uterus. Unlike the initial decidual reaction, which was relatively free of leukocytes, the secondary decidual zone contained very high numbers of CLA+ and F4/80+ cells. The uninjected uterine horn remained relatively unchanged from days 3 through 8. The quantitative and distributional changes observed in the leukocyte populations during pseudopregnancy were similar to those which have been observed during pregnancy.
Finite-Element Modeling of Cementitiously Stabilized Beams Using a Smeared Fracture Approach

Cracking is a vital distress in a pavement structure. It generally initiates and propagates (bottom up and/or surface down) causing damage to the overall pavement structure. Most previous numerical modeling studies have assumed the stabilized layer as an uncracked layer, thereby overestimating the overall stiffness of a pavement structure. Recent developments in the finite element (FE)modeling technique and availability of general purpose computer programs have significantly enhanced the treatment of cracks in numerical modeling of a stabilized layer. This study focuses on employing a smeared crack model to investigate the flexural behavior of stabilized beams. The employed model is calibrated for Meridian aggregate stabilized with 10% class C fly ash by performing laboratory tests; namely, tensile strength, compressive strength, biaxial strength, and fracture energy. Load-deflection curves from FE calculations are compared with pertinent laboratory test results. Overall, numerical results show a fairly good agreement with the laboratory test results, although some difference is observed among the load-deflection curves, particularly in the softening zone. Overall, the smeared crack approach appears to be a useful tool for predicting the flexural behavior of cementitiously stabilized aggregate bases.
Expression of the IFNα receptor in hairy cell leukaemia

The expression of IFN alpha receptors on the surface of hairy cell leukaemia cells was studied using affinity crosslinking methods, flow cytometry with a recently produced anti-IFN alpha receptor monoclonal antibody (IFNaR3), and binding techniques. IFN alpha receptors were detected by flow cytometry and affinity crosslinking in eight cases showing a normal receptor structure with 125I-IFN alpha 2-receptor complexes with molecular weights of 210, 130 and 110 kD. The hairy cell leukaemia cells from one patient did not express IFN alpha receptors as determined by flow cytometry, affinity crosslinking and binding studies. Northern blot analysis showed expression of mRNA for the gene coding for the putative IFN alpha receptor in all cases studied, including the patient with lack of IFN alpha receptor expression on hairy cells. This patient was refractory to IFN alpha 2 treatment. Our data suggest that lack of expression of IFN alpha receptors in rare cases may be associated with refractoriness to IFN alpha 2 therapy.
Mechanisms of endotoxin‐induced NO, IL‐6, and TNF‐α production in activated rat hepatic stellate cells: Role of p38 MAPK

Compelling experimental evidence indicates that the interactions between endotoxin and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of liver disease. Endotoxin-induced release of a multifunctional mediator NO (via inducible NO synthase) and the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-6 by HSCs could be an important mechanism of pathological changes in the liver. However, the signaling mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. In this study, we found that endotoxin causes activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase [ERK] 1 and 2, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK]) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and production of H(2)O(2) in culture-activated HSCs. However, only p38 and NF-kappaB were found to be responsible for the synthesis of NO, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Exogenous H(2)O(2) caused modest stimulation of TNF-alpha synthesis, did not affect the synthesis of NO or IL-6, and did not activate NF-kappaB or MAPKs. Inhibition of p38 and NF-kappaB activation by SB203580 and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, respectively, blocked endotoxin-induced H(2)O(2), NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 synthesis. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation did not alter these effects of endotoxin. Whereas SB203580 inhibited endotoxin-induced NF-kappaB activation, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate did not affect p38 phosphorylation in endotoxin-stimulated cells. In conclusion, endotoxin-induced synthesis of NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in HSCs is mediated by p38 and NF-kappaB, with involvement of H(2)O(2) in TNF-alpha production.
Real-time image recognition by partially coherent light

A real-time image recognition system that can perform complex signal detection under partially coherent illumination is presented. The unique features of the correlator are that the target under study may be a diffusely illuminated real object, and the real-time correlation signal is produced using a narrowband extended light source. The system employs an optical correlator used with a spatial light modulator (liquid crystal image transducer). Pattern recognition experiments using naturally illuminated real objects are provided, and the effects of partially coherent illumination on the spatial phase variations in the output wave front of the device are investigated. Such nonuniformities may arise from nonflatness and mismatch of various output layers in some liquid crystal image transducers which can degrade the performance of the correlator. The experimental results indicate that the distortion effects present in the output surface of the device can be reduced by relaxing the coherence requirements of the system. A quantitative analysis is presented to study the effects of partially coherent illumination on the real-time correlation signal.
“I Am Not Now Who I Used to Be Then”: Risk Assessment and the Maturation of Long-Term Prison Inmates:

The average long-term prisoner’s risk of reoffending diminishes with age, in part because some prisoners experience significant maturation and undergo substantial and relevant personality change. T...
Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus L). feeding response to oil and anthocyanin levels in sunflower meal

Abstract Bird damage to sunflowers might be reduced by the development of resistant cultivars. Neagra de Cluj may be one such cultivar, with high levels of anthocyanin (a possibly aversive flavour) in achene hulls, but low oil yield. Four experiments were designed to assess the importance of oil content and anthocyanin concentration in feeding preferences expressed by red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus L.). Differences in oil concentration of 15% (w/w) were reliably discriminated in two-choice tests: higher concentrations were preferred. Conversely, all anthocyanin concentrations (0·5, 1·0, 2·5 and 5·0% [w/w]) were avoided, and two-choice tests suggested that higher concentrations (2·5 and 5·0%) were relatively more aversive. Both anthocyanin concentration and oil content could influence Neagra de Cluj resistance to bird depredation. Of these two characteristics, oil may be relatively more important.
Characteristics of Emotional Disturbance Among Female Students

This article reports data on characteristics of emotional disturbance (ED) among female students with and without ED. Teachers rated a national sample of 689 girls on the Scale for Assessing Emotional Disturbance, to measure the five characteristics of ED and a variable called social maladjustment. We compared the two categories (with ED, without ED), three school levels (elementary, middle, high), and two races (African American, European American). Girls with ED exhibited more maladaptive functioning on all variables, but category by school level and category by race interactions varied according to different characteristics. Girls with ED showed a high level of comorbid ED characteristics, again with differences by school level and race. The results have implications for understanding girls with ED and educating them appropriately.
Liver Transplantation for the Referring Physician

Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for nearly all causes of end-stage liver disease, fulminant liver failure, and selected primary hepatic malignancies. The demand for liver transplantation has persistently outmatched the availability of donor organs leading to the development of novel strategies to expand the donor pool. The authors review the process of liver transplant evaluation, methods used to address the donor shortage, and disease-specific outcomes and challenges and discuss posttransplant care.
A Channel Access Structure for Wideband ISDN

To be fully integrated, the Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) arena is preparing an evolution from its current narrowband structure (at basic and primary access rates) to a futuristic wideband structure where access rates will be capable of supporting services beyond 100 Mbits/s. A wideband channel structure for ISDN, supplementing the narrowband channel standards, is thus needed. This paper presents a channel structure in which the access bandwidth is organized in a hierarchy of channels of increasing speeds. Channels at a given speed level accommodate services with specific bandwidth and holding time requirements. However, to improve performance, the access interface uses a control strategy whereby a service request at a given level can overflow to a lower level for access at lower bit rate. The performance, in terms of access delay and access throughput, of this access scheme is analyzed. Numerical results are provided for the special case of an interface with two levels of channels. These results show that a significant improvement in access performance can be obtained with the overflow mechanism of the access control discipline used.
Wings for Pegasus: creating large-scale scientific applications using semantic representations of computational workflows

Scientific workflows are being developed for many domains as a useful paradigm to manage complex scientific computations. In our work, we are challenged with efficiently generating and validating workflows that contain large amounts (hundreds to thousands) of individual computations to be executed over distributed environments. This paper describes a new approach to workflow creation that uses semantic representations to describe compactly complex scientific applications in a dataindependent manner, then automatically generates workflows of computations for given data sets, and finally maps them to available computing resources. The semantic representations are used to automatically generate descriptions for each of the thousands of new data products. We interleave the creation of the workflow with its execution, which allows intermediate execution data products to influence the generation of the following portions of the workflow. We have implemented this approach in Wings, a workflow creation system that combines semantic representations with planning techniques. We have used Wings to create workflows of thousands of computations, which are submitted to the Pegasus mapping system for execution over distributed computing environments. We show results on an earthquake simulation workflow that was automatically created with a total number of 24,135 jobs and that executed for a total of 1.9 CPU years.
A Dynamic Mechanism for AKAP Binding to RII Isoforms of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

Summary A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) target PKA to specific microdomains by using an amphipathic helix that docks to N-terminal dimerization and docking (D/D) domains of PKA regulatory (R) subunits. To understand specificity, we solved the crystal structure of the helical motif from D-AKAP2, a dual-specific AKAP, bound to the RIIα D/D domain. The 1.6 A structure reveals how this dynamic, hydrophobic docking site is assembled. A stable, hydrophobic docking groove is formed by the helical interface of two RIIα protomers. The flexible N terminus of one protomer is then recruited to the site, anchored to the peptide through two essential isoleucines. The other N terminus is disordered. This asymmetry provides greater possibilities for AKAP docking. Although there is strong discrimination against RIα in the N terminus of the AKAP helix, the hydrophobic groove discriminates against RIIα. RIα, with a cavity in the groove, can accept a bulky tryptophan, whereas RIIα requires valine.
Comment: Culture, Rigor, and Science in Educational Research:

In this article the authors argue that both the Feuer, Towne, and Shavelson article and the larger National Research Council (NRC) report on which it is based must be understood in the context of current federal discourse that focuses narrowly on experimentally derived causal explanations of educational program effectiveness. Although the authors concur with much of the Feuer et al. article and the NRC report, they are concerned that the NRC committee, by accepting uncritically its charge to define the scientific in educational research, produced a statement that risks being read as endorsing both the possibility and the desirability of taking an evidence-based social engineering approach to educational improvement nationwide. Finally, the authors review the consequences of not challenging the layperson’s “white coat” notion of science and replacing it with a more complicated and realistic view of what actual scientists do and the varied and complex methods and perspectives they employ in their inquiry.
Radiation and scattering from thin toroidally knotted wires

The electromagnetic radiation and scattering properties of thin knotted wires are considered in this paper. A special class of knots, called torus knots, are introduced for the purpose of this investigation. The parameterizations available for torus knots are used in conjunction with Maxwell's equations to formulate useful mathematical representations for the fields radiated by these knots. These representations are then used to derive simple closed form far-field expressions for electrically small torus knots. The derivation of a new electric field integral equation (EFIE) suitable for analysis of toroidally knotted wires is also outlined. Finally, it is demonstrated that the well-known expressions for the electromagnetic fields radiated by a circular loop antenna (canonical unknot) may be obtained as degenerate forms of the more general torus knot field representations.
Vibrio fischeri lux Genes Play an Important Role in Colonization and Development of the Host Light Organ

The bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and juveniles of the squid Euprymna scolopes specifically recognize and respond to one another during the formation of a persistent colonization within the host's nascent light-emitting organ. The resulting fully developed light organ contains brightly luminescing bacteria and has undergone a bacterium-induced program of tissue differentiation, one component of which is a swelling of the epithelial cells that line the symbiont-containing crypts. While the luminescence (lux) genes of symbiotic V. fischeri have been shown to be highly induced within the crypts, the role of these genes in the initiation and persistence of the symbiosis has not been rigorously examined. We have constructed and examined three mutants (luxA, luxI, and luxR), defective in either luciferase enzymatic or regulatory proteins. All three are unable to induce normal luminescence levels in the host and, 2 days after initiating the association, had a three- to fourfold defect in the extent of colonization. Surprisingly, these lux mutants also were unable to induce swelling in the crypt epithelial cells. Complementing, in trans, the defect in light emission restored both normal colonization capability and induction of swelling. We hypothesize that a diminished level of oxygen consumption by a luciferase-deficient symbiotic population is responsible for the reduced fitness of lux mutants in the light organ crypts. This study is the first to show that the capacity for bioluminescence is critical for normal cell-cell interactions between a bacterium and its animal host and presents the first examples of V. fischeri genes that affect normal host tissue development.
Demographic patterns of Ferocactus cylindraceus in relation to substrate age and grazing history

Three subpopulations of Ferocactus cylindraceus, a short-columnar cactus of the Sonoran and Mojave deserts, were sampled in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, at sites representing a range of substrate ages and different grazing histories. Age-height relations were determined from annual growth, then used to estimate probable year of establishment for each cohort. Eight years between 1944 and 1992 were especially favorable for establishment. Six of these 8 years coincided with El Nino-Southern Oscillation conditions, indicating that as for many woody plants in arid regions, somewhat unusual climatic conditions are necessary if populations are to replace themselves. Comparison of age structures showed that established and developing populations have somewhat different dynamics in that the rate of population increase was slowest on the youngest terrace. On the ancient terraces, about half the plants were less than 25 years old. Plants older than 40 years were few; however the oldest plants in the study (about 49 years) grew on the ancient terraces. On the recent terrace, 76% of the subpopulation was 25 years or younger, and the oldest living plant was about 36 years of age. The age structures of subpopulations on grazed and ungrazed sites also differed markedly. On ungrazed sites, subpopulations were more or less at equilibrium, with enough young plants to replace old ones as they died. In contrast, the subpopulation on the grazed site was in a state of marked disequilibrium. Grazing before 1981 largely extirpated a palatable subshrub that was probably an important nurse plant. Until the shrub population at Indian Canyon recovers from decades of burro grazing, a rebound in F. cylindraceus establishment is not to be expected. Nomenclature: Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Transplantation: The realization of a dream

When President John F. Kennedy was inaugurated on a frigid afternoon in January 1961, whole organ transplantation was a fantasy for the ignorant and an impossibility for the informed. In the New England Journal of Medicine (January 5, 1961), the Nobel Laureate, McFarland Burnet, had written: “Much thought has been given to ways by which tissues or organs not genetically and antigenically identical with the patient might be made to survive and function in the alien environment. On the whole, the present outlook is highly unfavorable to success‥‥”1
Impact of virtualization on computer architecture and operating systems

Abstract This talk describes how virtualization is changing the way computing is done in the industry today and how it is causing users to rethink how they view hardware, operating systems, and application programs. The talk will describe this new view on computing and the benefits driving users to adopt it. The changing roles for hardware and operating systems will be discussed along with what changes will be needed to efficiently and simply support this new computing model. I will conclude with a discussion of areas where industry could use input from the ASPLOS research community.
Promoting Transgender Understanding and Acceptance at a Jesuit University

Transgender individuals have faced and continue to face misunderstanding and severe discrimination in society and in accessing the provision of healthcare. Two nursing faculty at a Jesuit university addressed this issue in a Jesuit community dialogue supported by a Jesuit grant. This dialogue was framed within Jesuit teachings and was consistent with the value of social justice, something fundamental to both the profession of nursing and Jesuit teachings. Three transgender individuals and a Jesuit priest each spoke of their personal experience and then opened the dialogue up for questions. Faculty and students overwhelmingly found the dialogue to be helpful and informative. This article can provide others, especially within the Jesuit tradition, with guidance for a similar dialogue.
Computational Identification of Mechanistic Factors That Determine the Timing and Intensity of the Inflammatory Response.

Timely resolution of inflammation is critical for the restoration of homeostasis in injured or infected tissue. Chronic inflammation is often characterized by a persistent increase in the concentrations of inflammatory cells and molecular mediators, whose distinct amount and timing characteristics offer an opportunity to identify effective therapeutic regulatory targets. Here, we used our recently developed computational model of local inflammation to identify potential targets for molecular interventions and to investigate the effects of individual and combined inhibition of such targets. This was accomplished via the development and application of computational strategies involving the simulation and analysis of thousands of inflammatory scenarios. We found that modulation of macrophage influx and efflux is an effective potential strategy to regulate the amount of inflammatory cells and molecular mediators in both normal and chronic inflammatory scenarios. We identified three molecular mediators − tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and the chemokine CXCL8 − as potential molecular targets whose individual or combined inhibition may robustly regulate both the amount and timing properties of the kinetic trajectories for neutrophils and macrophages in chronic inflammation. Modulation of macrophage flux, as well as of the abundance of TNF-α, TGF-β, and CXCL8, may improve the resolution of chronic inflammation.
Rehabilitation and strength sustainability of fatigue damaged concrete–encased steel flexural members using a newly developed polymeric carbon–fiber composite

Abstract The retrofit of fatigue-damaged concrete–encased steel girders is investigated using a newly developed composite wrap that stabilizes the damage in retrofitted beams via an energy dissipation mechanism, resulting in significant ductility and high-strength sustainability. Three large-scale fatigue-damaged concrete–encased steel girders were retrofitted using either conventional carbon–fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) or the new prototype composite, referred to as “ CarbonFlex .” Following the peak strengths of the beams, the CFRP-retrofitted beam exhibited a sharp, yet expected, decrease in strength with minimal ductility until failure, whereas the CarbonFlex-retrofitted beam was able to sustain over 68% of its peak strength, showed tremendous relative displacement ductility, and had an ultimate displacement three times greater than that of its counterpart. A C oncrete S tructural R etrofitting A nalysis P rogram-for- Flex ural (CSRAP-Flex) behavior was subsequently developed using a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach to analyze the initial crack propagation. Subsequent moment capacity and curvature relationships were derived and verified using the experimental test results.
Efficient quantum state transfer in an engineered chain of quantum bits

We present a method of performing quantum state transfer in a chain of superconducting quantum bits. Our protocol is based on engineering the energy levels of the qubits in the chain and tuning them all simultaneously with an external flux bias. The system is designed to allow sequential adiabatic state transfers, resulting in on-demand quantum state transfer from one end of the chain to the other. Numerical simulations of the master equation using realistic parameters for capacitive nearest-neighbor coupling, energy relaxation, and dephasing show that fast, high-fidelity state transfer should be feasible using this method.
Release of norepinephrine from isolated hearts by acetylcholine.

(1965). Release of Norepinephrine from Isolated Hearts by Acetlycholine (1) Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie: Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 397-402.
Changes in the preferences of US physicians‐in‐training for medical interventions throughout medical education

Context There exists a disparity between the views of physicians and the views of their patients on end-of-life decisions. However, the timing of when the end-of-life preferences of physicians and non-medically-trained individuals diverge is currently unknown. The objective of this paper is to characterise how preferences for medical interventions change throughout medical education and residency or fellowship training when confronted with scenarios of critical or terminal illness. Methods This is a single-centre cross-sectional study that enrolled medical students at Sidney Kimmel Medical College and residents and fellows at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Through an online survey we determined the preferences of medical trainees for specific interventions throughout medical training when presented with different clinical scenarios. Interventions were organised into three categories: standard, intermediate and aggressive. We analysed responses to questions regarding different scenarios in separate repeated measures logistic regression models. The probability of declining medical interventions was modelled, and significant predictors of refusal of interventions were identified. Results Years of training was a significant predictor of declining interventions for several scenarios. When faced with permanent physical disability, increased years of training led to a higher rate of refusal of intermediate (OR = 1.14 [1.02‒1.28], p = 0.02) and aggressive interventions (OR = 1.15 [1.03‒1.28], p = 0.01). For the scenario of terminal illness with associated physical disability, years of training significantly influenced refusal of intermediate (OR = 1.14 [1.04‒1.26], p = 0.006) and aggressive (OR = 1.20 [1.08‒1.34], p = 0.001) interventions. For the scenario of permanent cognitive impairment, increased years of training led to a higher rate of refusal of standard (OR = 1.14 [1.01‒1.29], p = 0.03), intermediate (OR = 1.30 [1.13‒1.50], p < 0.001) and aggressive (OR = 1.38 [1.14‒1.66], p = 0.001) interventions. Conclusion Changes in end-of-life preferences occur throughout medical training. Years of training influenced the likelihood of declining medical interventions when faced with scenarios of terminal illness and physical or cognitive disability.
Beyond the Library: Using Multiple, Mixed Measures Simultaneously in a College-Wide Assessment of Information Literacy.

To get the best sense of how graduating students demonstrate information literacy skills and how the institution can improve student learning, the Assessment in Action (AiA) project at Anne Arundel Community College (AACC) deployed a combination of indirect measures and authentic assessment of student work, utilizing assessment tools flexible enough to be deployed across the college. The results of AACC’s AiA project have provided college practitioners and stakeholders with evidence of the extent to which graduating students demonstrate crucial information literacy skills and with data that can inform decisions about how to foster more effective teaching and learning.
The Impact of Feelings on Ad-Based Affect and Cognition:

The authors examine the relationships among feelings generated by new television ads for unfamiliar products, judgments of the ads’ characteristics, brand attribute evaluations, attitude toward the...
Experimental Validation of Expanded Centerbodiless RDE Design

Rotating Detonation Engines (RDE’s) or Rotating Detonation Combustors (RDC's) are a detonation based combustion method that shows potential capability of high efficiency, compact geometry, and continuous operation. Pressure losses due to friction, flow turning, or shock strength could cause a loss to the efficiency advantages RDEs have over conventional combustion. Some recent numerical studies have shown it is possible to ignite an RDE that has only the outer wall, with air going through the center instead of a centerbody. These centerbodiless RDE Designs may entrain flow and impart momentum to more air if driven only from the outer annulus, which may increase the total propulsive efficiency. They may also be a good afterburner design. In addition, their unique design with fewer walls for reflection may result in fewer reversals and blow-outs of the RDE. This may expand the range of operation for certain applications. A numerical study using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program Fluent, by ANSYS has been performed to test three dimensional (3D) configurations of centerybodyless RDE. A physical model of the most successful design has been tested experimentally using air and hydrogen as a proof of concept. This represents the first experimental test of this design, and the first 3D printed RDE at the University of Cincinnati.
Credit Insurance and Debt Contracting

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) introduce renegotiation frictions in contracting by permitting bondholders to hedge against default. Such renegotiation frictions can increase bond credit spreads because they increase the risk of inefficient liquidity default ex-post. Or they can decrease credit spreads because they lower the risk of strategic default ex-ante. Proxying for CDS-related renegotiation frictions using the net notional amount of CDS outstanding as a percentage of debt outstanding (CDS exposure), we show that both effects are operative – credit spreads increase with CDS exposure when liquidation costs are high, but decrease with CDS exposure when borrower bargaining power is high. In the net, credit spreads are positively related to CDS exposure, implying the CDS impose costs associated with ex-post liquidity default that outweigh the ex-ante benefits associated with deterring strategic default. Our evidence indicates that CDS are not redundant securities and that they increase the cost of debt.
Are New Airway Devices for Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy Really Needed

To the Editor: I read with great interest the article by Vargas et al[1][1] regarding a double lumen endotracheal tube (DLET) for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT). The authors present their version of a DLET device designed to permit continuous bronchoscopy during PDT while allowing
Study on improving project risk decision-making with Bayes theory

Based on the theory of Bayes and the characteristic of project risk management,multi-lacks of some risk decision-making methods have been analyzed in the view of contractors.A brief and practicality improving decision-making method has been proposed,and the analyzing thought has also embodied by applying to study a construction project example.These will have theoretical instruction for promoting the contractor′s decision-making to a high level.
Multi-kernel based nonlinear models for connectivity identification of brain networks

Partial correlations (PCs) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series play a principal role in revealing connectivity of brain networks. To explore nonlinear behavior of the blood-oxygen-level dependent signal, the present work postulates a kernel-based nonlinear connectivity model based on which it obtains topology revealing PCs. Instead of relying on a single predefined kernel, a data-driven approach is advocated to learn the combination of multiple kernel functions that optimizes the data fit. Synthetically generated data based on both a dynamic causal and a linear model are used to validate the proposed approach in resting-state fMRI scenarios, highlighting the gains in edge detection performance when compared with the popular linear PC method. Tests on real fMRI data demonstrate that connectivity patterns revealed by linear and nonlinear models are different.
Economics still needs philosophy

Economics was born out of philosophy. Not to mention long-ago contributors such as Aristotle, Adam Smith linked his path-breaking economic analysis to normative philosophical arguments—which econom...
Surface patterns and turbulent mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer

Wind generated stirring in the ocean and in lakes and ponds inevitably occurs in the presence of surface gravity waves. Waves can modify the turbulence and especially the mixing in significant ways. Energetic, persistent coherent motions, known as Langmuir circulation (Langmuir, 1938) arise by an instability mechanism due to the interaction of the waves and shear. Their imprint often is strikingly visible as surface windrows. These patterns may be thought of as the coherent structures in the mixed layer, but they are of much larger scale and persistence than those appearing in “ordinary” boundary layers.
Abstract 1894: Understanding the role of microRNA-206 in breast cancer

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA sequences that that can modify genes in post transcriptional manner and are often de-regulated in cancer. Cancer stem cells, a subset of cancer cells with stem cell properties, are considered the root of tumorigenesis and seeds of metastasis. In this study we are interested in elucidating the role of miR-206 in breast cancer stem cell-mediated tumorigenesis and metastasis. We have observed that microRNA-206 (miR-206) regulate the metastatic traits of breast cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies have elucidated a signaling cascade that culminates in the silencing of cytokine (such as interleukin) and integrin expression. Knockdown of the interleukin and integrin genes by siRNAs mimics the phenotype of miR-206 expression in breast cancer cells. DNA content analysis using propidium iodide staining revealed that knockdown of miR-206 targets as well as over-expression of miR-206 in MDA-MB-231 cells regulates cell cycle arrest. Our results indicate that miR-206 mediates its regulatory effects through inhibiting multiple targets. MiR-206 may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for the future treatment of breast cancer. Citation Format: Valery Adorno-Cruz, Huiping Liu. Understanding the role of microRNA-206 in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1894.