cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE FORMATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE DURING HEPATIC MICROSOMAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT REACTIONS

The production of hydrogen peroxide by hepatic microsomal fractions from phenobarbital treated rats accounts for approximately 50% of the NADPH oxidized and oxygen utilized in the absence of exogenous substrates. Properties analogous to those of the mixed function oxygenase system were observed for this particular reaction by comparing the affinity for NADPH, the activation energy required, and the sensitivity to carbon monoxide inhibition. The failure of NADH to elicit a synergistic effect tends to support the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide is formed by the dismutation of superoxide anions which are generated upon decomposition of the oxygenated complex of ferrous cytochrome P-450.
Safety evaluation of hair-dryers marketed as emitting nano silver particles

Abstract Nanoparticle infused personal care products are becoming more common as consumer products. One example is a hair-dryer marketed as emitting silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The purpose of the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is to give hair a sleek, shiny look while also promoting antimicrobial effects. This study investigates release of Ag NPs from hair-dryers and the effects associated with Ag NPs to the human epidural flora. To give an estimation of consumer exposure to Ag NPs with these products, three brands of hair-dryers were selected and particle samples emitted from the hair-dryers were collected based on size fractionation. Collected particles underwent elemental analysis. Silver was not detected in any of the samples. The Kirby-Bauer assay was used to detect a toxicity dose response relationship over a range of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) concentrations using five model bacteria species. This portion of the work represented the microbial response to Ag NPs and acted as a proxy for epidural microbial exposure to Ag NPs emitted from a hair-dryer. Findings from this study such as the recorded release of nanoparticles from the hair-dryers and the potential microbial toxicity effects caused from nanoparticle exposure will help consumers make more informed decisions regarding nanoparticle infused products.
Introduction to SQL: 1999

This chapter introduces SQL:1999, including the history and the background of the language, and then continuing on to discuss the most significant architectural aspects of the language, such as key concepts, data types, and execution models. SQL is based on the relational model, but it is not a perfect implementation of that model. The most important difference from the viewpoint of theory is that SQL's basic data object is the table and not the relation. SQL has a number of other concepts such as views, schemas, catalogs, users, privileges, domains, connections, sessions, transactions, routines, and paths. Some of these have direct analogs in the relational model, while others do not. The chapter briefly describes all these paradigms, along with important characteristics of them. Among the enhancements to SQL:1999 over its predecessor SQL-92 version, there are several additions to data types such as exact numerics, approximate numerics, character strings, bit strings and binary strings, datetimes, intervals, booleans, collection types, anonymous row types, user-defined types, reference types, locators, and sites. These data type are also discussed in the chapter highlighting the new additions in comparison with the predecessors of SQL:1999. The chapter also focuses on the NULL values in a database and describes advanced methods to use various data types in conjunction. The chapter ends with a discussion on the SQL statements, static and dynamic execution, as well as the relationship of the major DBMS products to SQL.
Established patterns of animal study design undermine translation of disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease

Translation of disease-modifying therapies in neurodegenerative disease has been disappointing. Parkinson's disease (PD) was used to compare patterns of preclinical study design for symptomatic and potentially disease-modifying interventions. We examined the relationship of model, intervention type and timing, outcomes and outcome measures in 543 animal and human studies (1973-2015) across a contemporary cohort of animal and human interventional studies (n = 445), animal studies for approved interventions (n = 28), animal and human studies for those that failed to translate (n = 70). Detailed study design data were collected for 216 studies in non-human primate (NHP) and rodent toxin-induced models. Species-specific patterns of study design prevailed regardless of whether interventions were symptomatic or potentially disease-modifying. In humans and NHPs, interventions were typically given to both sexes well after the PD phenotype was established, and clinical outcome measures were collected at single (symptomatic) or multiple (disease-modifying) time-points. In rodents, interventions often preceded induction of the model, acute toxic protocols were common, usually given to young males, clinical outcome measures were used less commonly, and outcomes were less commonly assessed at multiple time points. These patterns were more prevalent in mice than rats. In contrast, study design factors such as randomization and blinding did not differ appreciably across symptomatic and disease-modifying intervention categories. The translational gap for potentially disease-modifying interventions in PD in part results from study designs, particularly in mice, that fail to model the progressive nature and relatively late intervention characteristic of PD, or that anchor mechanistic and neuropathologic data to longitudinal clinical outcomes. Even if measures to improve reproducibility are broadly adopted, perpetuation of these norms will continue to impede effective translation.
Inactivation and Extraction of Bacterial Spores for Systems Biological Analysis

Bacterial spores resist lysis and extraction by common methods of physical breakage or chemical dissolution. This hinders sample preparation for systems biology analysis. Sample heterogeneity caused by non-synchronized development, intrinsic variation in structure, and spurious germination triggered by handling all increase the complexity of sample content, which complicates detailed molecular characterization of spores. Mass spectrometry of spores is further constrained by requirements for sample pre-treatment due to the problematic nature of their cross-linked layers and abundant ionic content. Finally, safety is a principal concern in handling pathogenic specimens such as Bacillus anthracis, which requires dependable means for complete decontamination before transfer and analysis outside of a biocontainment environment. Traditional methods of spore inactivation are necessarily harsh and typically render sample material unsuitable for detailed spectral analysis. This chapter summarizes the variety and complexity of spores as sample material for study, reviews methods of spore decontamination and lysis, and then introduces two recently developed approaches to extract spore proteins for mass spectral analysis. One method employs ultra-high pressure cycling to achieve complete inactivation with extraction in a single tube, useful for whole analysis of the spore proteome. The other employs focused microwave energy to create exposure-controlled partial extracts of spore components as a probe of variations in averaged spore structure between preparation lots. Both methods are shown to decontaminate B. anthracis specimens while leaving proteins intact for mass spectrometry, including measurement of biomolecular markers intended for qualitative and quantitative comparisons between spore preparations. These enabling technologies are suitable for incorporation into standardized approaches for basic science, diagnostics, product development, or forensics purposes.
Coherence function estimation with a derivative constraint for power grid oscillation detection

Oscillation is one of the leading stability concerns in complex power systems. Detecting oscillations timely and accurately is vital for a power grid operator to take effective remedial reactions to stabilize the power system. This paper uses the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) method to estimate the magnitude squared coherence function for oscillation detection. A derivative constraint is integrated into the MVDR method, which can greatly mitigate the “blind spots” problem of the conventional MVDR method. The phenomenon of the “blind spots” and the mitigation performance of the new technique are analyzed. Simulations based on power system models are conducted to demonstrate that the new technique can effectively avoid the “blind spots” and thus increase the accuracy of oscillation detection in power systems.
Attributing emotions to false beliefs: Development across discrete emotions

Emotion false belief (EFB) is the ability to correctly predict people's emotions given that they hold a false belief (FB). Accumulating evidence suggests that EFB understanding develops after FB understanding; however, the literature presents inconsistencies in this lag. The present study investigated the development of EFB in 85 four- and six-year-olds, and systematically compared this development to FB understanding across different emotions. Controlling for verbal ability and task demands, 6-year-olds scored significantly better on EFB tasks than 4-year-olds, and 6-year-olds' performance was better than chance. Performance did not vary by emotion. The data supported a developmental precedence of FB to EFB. Results suggest that children's acquisition of EFB is not due solely to verbal ability, FB understanding, or discrete emotion understanding; attributing emotions to beliefs represents a conceptual change in emotion understanding that occurs holistically. These conclusions are discussed in terms of socioemotional development.
The National Healthy Sleep Awareness Project Sleep Health Surveillance Questionnaire as an Obstructive Sleep Apnea Surveillance Tool

Study Objectives:To validate the previously published National Healthy Sleep Awareness Project (NHSAP) Surveillance and Epidemiology Workgroup questionnaire for ability to determine risk for modera...
COPs and POPs Patrol Inflammasome Activation.

Abstract Sensing and responding to pathogens and tissue damage is a core mechanism of innate immune host defense, and inflammasomes represent a central cytosolic pattern recognition receptor pathway leading to the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and pyroptotic cell death that causes the subsequent release of danger signals to propagate and perpetuate inflammatory responses. While inflammasome activation is essential for host defense, deregulated inflammasome responses and excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and danger signals are linked to an increasing spectrum of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss recent developments in elucidating the role of PYRIN domain-only proteins (POPs) and the related CARD-only proteins (COPs) in regulating inflammasome responses and their impact on inflammatory disease.
Studies upon the Sulfhydryl Groups of Calf Lens α-Crystallins

Abstract α-Crystallin, one of the major soluble lens proteins, is composed of approximately 50 subunits. Each subunit contains but one sulfhydryl group. However, owing to the packing arrangement of the subunits in the aggregate macromolecule, a large fraction of the sulfhydryl groups is inaccessible to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (HMB) at neutral pH and 20°. The sulfhydryl groups are exposed by increasing temperature. Studies at different temperatures of the reactivity of the —SH groups toward HMB suggest that α-crystallin may exist in at least three different stable aggregate forms. At any temperature between 20 and 34°, 71% of the —SH groups of the α-crystallin preparations α1 from the periphery of the lens (α1P) and the α1 from the nucleus of the lens (α1N) react with HMB. When the number of HMB-reactive —SH groups in these fractions is plotted against temperatures between 34 and 50° a linear increase is obtained until, at 50°, all sulfhydryl groups are exposed. The α2 preparation from the periphery of the lens (α2P) has 54% of its sulfhydryl groups available to HMB in the 20–34° range. A linear increase with temperature in the number of HMB-reactive —SH groups can be observed to 70° at which point all —SH groups are exposed. Of the —SH groups of the α2 preparation from the nucleus of the lens (α2N) 46% react with HMB at 20° and a linear increase with temperature to 70° is observed. All of these reactions are reversible. Any of the aggregate forms described above can be reversibly transformed to the other conformations by alteration in pH or salt concentration, or by addition of low concentrations of urea. The effect of pH upon the availability of the —SH groups to HMB with increasing temperature suggests that an ionizable group with a pK of approximately 9.6 may be involved in the unmasking of the —SH groups of all the α preparations. If any of the α-crystallin macromolecular forms are reversibly deaggregated, the reaggregated material appears to be packed in the α2N form on the basis of its temperature-sulfhydryl group reactivity relationship. However, treatment with low concentrations of urea will cause re-establishment of the initial conformation. Studies with oxidized material indicate that only 35% of the —SH groups in the aggregate molecule can form disulfide bonds, although in the deaggregated state all of the —SH groups are capable of forming disulfides. At 25° few of the HMB-reactive —SH groups of α1N and α1P and none of the groups of α2P and α2N appear to form disulfide bonds. The data suggest that there are no exposed —SH groups on the outer surface of the α-crystallin macromolecules, and that the —SH groups are immobilized by the aggregate structure, so that most of them are incapable of forming disulfide groups.
Knowledge-intensive intangibles, spatial transaction costs, and the rise of populism

Populism is rising in many parts of the world and appears from both ends of the political spectrum. I identify two distinct global trends that underlie its rise. First, the rising knowledge-intensity of world output has turned the terms of trade against primary activities like agriculture and mining. Countries that have remained dependent on these activities have seen their economies stall. Second, falling spatial transaction costs have resulted in the rise of disaggregated global value chains, wherein low-knowledge activities have migrated away from high-income countries. This has led to a secular decline the standards of living of low-knowledge workers in these countries. The first trend is most pronounced in Latin America; here class-based leftist populist ire targets domestic elites that have insulated themselves, often through capital flight. The second trend is most visible in North America and Europe; here rightist populist anger is aimed at workers in (and immigrants from) poorer countries, who are seen as “stealing” low-knowledge jobs. Finally, I note that these economic explanations of rising populism are incomplete. In many quarters, the current form of globalization is seen as threatening national identity and this may be an even more powerful source of populism.
Gender in open source software: what the tools tell

This position paper considers what studying Open Source Software tools can lend to understanding the topic of Gender Diversity in Open Source Software. More specifically we investigate the GenderMag method, a Gender Inclusive method and how it can help increase gender inclusiveness in the tools that are used by OSS communities.
Cuticular waxes relieve self-inhibition of germination and appressorium formation by the conidia of Magnaporthe grisea

Abstract We tested whether germination and appressorium formation by the conidia of Magnaporthe grisea requires a hydrophobic surface. On specially cleaned cover glass surfaces conidia of M. grisea germinated but did not form appressoria. Addition of rice leaf wax, other plant surface waxes or synthetic n -C 22 fatty acid, fatty alcohol or alkane induced appressorium formation. The requirement for the presence of hydrophobic material to induce appressorium formation was dependent on the conidial population density. As the conidial concentration decreased from 10 5 ml −1 to 10 4 ml −1 , the need for the lipid decreased to the point of not requiring any lipid to obtain nearly complete appressorium formation, suggesting possible presence of self-inhibitors on the conidia. This suggestion was supported by the observation that the surface lipids washed out of the conidia inhibited germination and appressorium formation in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition could be reversed by plant surface wax. These results suggest that conidia of M. grisea carry lipophilic self-inhibitors which prevent germination at the site of sporulation, and that the plant cuticle can relieve this self-inhibition when conidia land on the plant surface.
Preclinical applications of quantitative imaging cytometry to support drug discovery.

Abstract Preclinical drug development is actively involved in testing compounds to find cures or to manage the effects of disease, such as diabetes. Animal models, such as the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat, are used to measure efficacy of candidate drugs. This animal model was selected because of its clinical and pathological similarities to diabetic human patients. A method using immunofluorescence and laser scanning cytometry (LSC) technology has been used to measure the development of diabetic phenotype in the ZDF rat during a 17-week time course. The expression levels of insulin, glucagon, voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), and Ki67 were quantified. Insulin and VDAC expression were reduced in the ZDF animals in comparison to the lean control rats, while no significant change was seen in glucagon and Ki67 expression at week 17. This information is useful in the design of studies to test experimental compounds in this model. Screening drug targets or biomarkers in tissue sections is another important activity in drug development. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are composed of 60 or more tissue cores from humans or animal models and may contain healthy and/or diseased tissues. Antibodies against target proteins are applied to TMAs using routine immunohistochemical reagents and protocols. The protein expression across the cores, as labeled by immunohistochemistry, is measured using LSC technology. The process provides an efficient and cost-effective method for evaluating multiple targets in a large number of tissue samples. More recently, IHC and LSC have been taken to the next level to quantify biopharmaceutical drug and target co-localization in tissue sections.
Building Archimedean Space

I propose that physical theories defined over finite places (including $p$-adic fields) can be used to construct conventional theories over the reals, or conversely, that certain theories over the reals "decompose" over the finite places, and that this decomposition applies to quantum mechanics, field theory, gravity, and string theory, in both Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures. I present two examples of the decomposition: quantum mechanics of a free particle, and Euclidean two-dimensional Einstein gravity. For the free particle, the finite place theory is the usual free particle $p$-adic quantum mechanics, with the Hamiltonian obtained from the real one by replacing the usual derivatives with Vladimirov derivatives, and numerical coefficients with $p$-adic norms. For Euclidean two-dimensional gravity, the finite place objects mimicking the role of the spacetime are $\mathrm{SL}(\mathbb{Q}_p)$ Bruhat-Tits trees. I furthermore propose quadratic extension Bruhat-Tits trees as the finite place objects into which Lorentzian $\mathrm{AdS}_2$ decomposes, and Bruhat-Tits buildings as a natural generalization to higher dimensions, with the same symmetry group on the finite and real sides for the manifolds and buildings corresponding to the vacuum state. I comment on the implications of this decomposition for the cosmological constant problem, black hole information loss problem, and construction of black hole microstates.
Alexa, Are You Listening?: Privacy Perceptions, Concerns and Privacy-seeking Behaviors with Smart Speakers

Smart speakers with voice assistants, like Amazon Echo and Google Home, provide benefits and convenience but also raise privacy concerns due to their continuously listening microphones. We studied people's reasons for and against adopting smart speakers, their privacy perceptions and concerns, and their privacy-seeking behaviors around smart speakers. We conducted a diary study and interviews with seventeen smart speaker users and interviews with seventeen non-users. We found that many non-users did not see the utility of smart speakers or did not trust speaker companies. In contrast, users express few privacy concerns, but their rationalizations indicate an incomplete understanding of privacy risks, a complicated trust relationship with speaker companies, and a reliance on the socio-technical context in which smart speakers reside. Users trade privacy for convenience with different levels of deliberation and privacy resignation. Privacy tensions arise between primary, secondary, and incidental users of smart speakers. Finally, current smart speaker privacy controls are rarely used, as they are not well-aligned with users' needs. Our findings can inform future smart speaker designs; in particular we recommend better integrating privacy controls into smart speaker interaction.
Analyzing Special Educators' Views on Community-Based Instruction for Students with Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities: Implications for Teacher Education

Community-based instruction continues to grow as a preferred curricular option for teachers of students with moderate to severe mental retardation. Although long advocated as an important instructional approach for students with mild mental retardation (Brolin, 1995; McDonnell et al., 1993), the relationship has not been very clearly established between community-based instruction (CBI) and the general education curriculum emphasizing traditional academic skills. This investigation was designed to gather relevant findings related to the process of community-based instruction and to translate these findings into implications that the implementation of this innovation may have on teacher education and future research in special education. As findings indicate, there appear to be differing attitudes between teachers who engage in CBI programming and those who do not. There also appears to be some indication that teachers who have characteristics as risk takers appear to be more able to develop CBI activities. In addition, the need for administrative support, both at the outset of program development and during the instructional process, appears to be a major indicator of success. Future researchers should investigate the effects of administrator perceptions and attitudes, CBI effects on the learning of more traditional academic skills, and the development of high-quality CBI activities.
Endoscopic gallbladder drainage compared with percutaneous drainage.

Background High-risk patients with cholecystitis have conventionally been offered percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGBD) for treatment. A growing experience of endoscopic gallbladder drainage (EGBD) has been reported to be effective and safe. Objective To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of EGBD and PGBD. Design A retrospective review. Setting Single academic tertiary care center. Patients Inpatients diagnosed with cholecystitis. Interventions Any patient deemed a nonsurgical candidate and who has undergone either PGBD or EGBD was included in the analysis. Main Outcome Measurements Patient demographics along with procedural and clinical outcomes were recorded for each group. Results Forty-three patients underwent PGBD and 30 underwent EGBD (24 transpapillary, 6 transmural). Technical (97.6% vs 100%) and clinical (97.6% vs 86.7%) success rates of PGBD and EGBD were similar. However, postprocedure hospital length of stay (16.3 vs 7.6 days), time to clinical resolution (4.6 vs 3.0 days), adverse event rate (39.5% vs 13.3%), number of sessions (2.0 vs 1.0), number of repeat interventions (53.4% vs 13.3%), and postprocedure pain scores (3.8 vs 2.1) were significantly higher for PGBD than EGBD. Limitations Retrospective analysis. Conclusion Although EGBD has similar technical and clinical success compared with PGBD, it uses fewer hospital resources and results in fewer adverse events, improved pain scores, and decreased need for repeat gallbladder drainage. EGBD may provide a less-invasive, safer, cost-effective option for gallbladder drainage than PGBD with improved clinical outcomes.
Scheme Liability and Common Law Fraud Under State Law: Holding Corporate Officers and Their Co-Conspirators Accountable to Shareholders

This article examines non-director corporate officers’ accountability to shareholders and calls for strengthening the role of shareholders in monitoring the conduct of non-director corporate officers by allowing shareholders to bring direct claims against non-director corporate officers and their non-fiduciary co-conspirators for schemes to defraud. The debate over increasing shareholder power is mainly focused on shareholders’ voting rights and not on whether directors or shareholders should monitor non-director corporate officers’ conduct. This article confines its discussion to schemes to defraud involving non-director corporate officers and third-party, non-fiduciary co-conspirators and argues that schemes to defraud result in two structural challenges that are better addressed by shareholders in a direct claim. These structural challenges are information blockages and demand requirements. This article explores recent examples of schemes to defraud, illustrating how information blockages limit the effectiveness of directors in monitoring corporate officers’ conduct. Part II illustrates examples of how schemes to defraud involving corporate officers and non-fiduciary third parties work. Part III examines the elements of common-law fraud, equitable fraud, conspiracy to defraud, and aiding and abetting to induce a breach of fiduciary duty in Delaware. Part IV explores whether shareholders’ claims for fraud against non-director corporate officers and third-party, non-fiduciary co-conspirators are direct or derivative claims and whether the demand and the demand futility tests present structural biases to recovery by shareholders. Part V concludes in support of a direct claim by shareholders for fraud against non-director corporate officers and third-party, non-fiduciary co-conspirators.
The Firebird and the Fox: Russian Culture under Tsars and Bolsheviks

Showcasing the genius of Russian literature, art, music, and dance over a century of turmoil, within the dynamic cultural ecosystem that shaped it, The Firebird and the Fox explores the shared traditions, mutual influences and enduring themes that recur in these art forms. The book uses two emblematic characters from Russian culture - the firebird, symbol of the transcendent power of art in defiance of circumstance and the efforts of censors to contain creativity; and the fox, usually female and representing wit, cleverness and the agency of artists and everyone who triumphs over adversity - to explore how Russian cultural life changed between 1850 and 1950. Jeffrey Brooks reveals how high culture drew on folk and popular genres, then in turn influenced an expanding commercial culture. Richly illustrated, The Firebird and the Fox assuredly and imaginatively navigates the complex terrain of this eventful century.
Hierarchical Parcellation of the Cerebellum.

Parcellation of the cerebellum in an MR image has been used to study regional associations with both motion and cognitive functions. Despite the fact that the division of the cerebellum is defined hierarchically—i.e., the cerebellum can be divided into lobes and the lobes can be further divided into lobules—previous automatic methods to parcellate the cerebellum do not utilize this information. In this work, we propose a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to explicitly incorporate the hierarchical organization of the cerebellum. The network is constructed in a tree structure with each node representing a cerebellar region and having child nodes that further subdivide the region into finer substructures. Thus, our CNN is aware of the hierarchical organization of the cerebellum. Furthermore, by selecting tree nodes to represent the hierarchical properties of a given training sample, our network can be trained with heterogeneous training data that are labeled to different hierarchical depths. The proposed method was compared with a state-of-the-art cerebellum parcellation network. Our approach shows promising results as a first parcellation method to take the cerebellar hierarchical organization into consideration.
IGFBP7 activates retinoid acid–induced responses in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells

Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with low doses of arsenic trioxide or chemotherapy leads to exceptionally high cure rates (>90%). ATRA forces APL cells into differentiation and cell death. Unfortunately, ATRA-based therapy has not been effective among any other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype, and long-term survival rates remain unacceptably low; only 30% of AML patients survive 5 years after diagnosis. Here, we identified insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) as part of ATRA-induced responses in APL cells. Most importantly, we observed that addition of recombinant human IGFBP7 (rhIGFBP7) increased ATRA-driven responses in a subset of non-APL AML samples: those with high RARA expression. In nonpromyelocytic AML, rhIGFBP7 treatment induced a transcriptional program that sensitized AML cells for ATRA-induced differentiation, cell death, and inhibition of leukemic stem/progenitor cell survival. Furthermore, the engraftment of primary AML in mice was significantly reduced following treatment with the combination of rhIGFBP7 and ATRA. Mechanistically, we showed that the synergism of ATRA and rhIGFBP7 is due, at least in part, to reduction of the transcription factor GFI1. Together, these results suggest a potential clinical utility of IGFBP7 and ATRA combination treatment to eliminate primary AML (leukemic stem/progenitor) cells and reduce relapse in AML patients.
A guide for incorporating e-teaching of physics in a post-COVID world

Distance education has expanded significantly over the last decade, but the natural sciences have lagged in the implementation of this instructional mode. The abrupt onset of the COVID-19 pandemic left educational institutions scrambling to adapt curricula to distance modalities. With projected effects lasting through the 2020–2021 academic year, this problem will not go away soon. Analysis of the literature has elucidated the costs and benefits of, as well as obstacles to, the implementation of e-learning, with a focus on undergraduate physics education. Physics faculty report that a lack of time to learn about research-driven innovation is their primary barrier to implementing it. In response, this paper is intended to help physics lecturers and lab instructors re-think their courses now that distance learning is far more prevalent due to the pandemic. This paper serves as an all-in-one guide of recommendations for successful distanced educational practices, with an emphasis on smartphones and social media. These technologies were chosen for their utility in a virtual environment. Additionally, this paper can be used as a resource for university administrators to adapt to the changing needs associated with new teaching modalities.
Abstract WP74: Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Taking Warfarin with Subtherapeutic INR

Introduction: AHA/ASA guidelines allow use of IV rtPA in warfarin-treated acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with INR ≤1.7. Concerns remain regarding safety of IV rtPA, as value of 1.7 was not de...
Rheological and structural characterization of 3D-printable polymer electrolyte inks

Abstract Direct ink writing (DIW) is an extrusion-based technique that is increasingly used for extrusion of gel and quasi-solid polymer electrolytes for energy-based devices. Due to their high tunability in viscoelastic properties, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based inks are prime candidates as functional substrate material for optimization-based studies to improve extrudate printability. While optimization of ink printability in conventional 2D printing applications has been previously described, we have yet to observe a report analyzing the relationship between the morphological and rheological properties of direct-ink-writable inks tailored for printed energy devices (e.g., dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)). To address this gap, we have characterized various electrolyte inks' morphological, rheological, and structural properties and studied these relationships to modify the ink's flow characteristics during extrusion and structure after deposition with high specificity. These metrics are used to define the electrolyte ink's printability as a step towards realization of printable electrolyte inks for DSSC devices.
Mandated Visitation with Grandparents in Intact Families: The Need for Reform

The 1960’s and 1970’s saw an increase in instances of divorce in American society, which correspondingly led to a push for grandparent’s rights. This is move away from legal formalism and toward acknowledgment of psychological and emotional ties. New York permits grandparents to seek visitation under Section 72 of the Domestic Relations Law. However, when legal status is accorded to a non-parent, the courts override the right of the parents to decide what is in the best interest of the child, which leads to litigation from parents.This article provides background into the current law and how it came to be. It also suggests legal measures that could strengthen the law and reduce the risk of expensive litigation.
The Hospital-Based Consultation and Liaison Service

Psychosocial factors have a broad and substantial impact on patient presentation in the inpatient medical setting. Research clearly demonstrates that psychosocial factors play a crucial role in the etiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and clinical outcomes of numerous chronic and comorbid diseases as well as postsurgical outcomes and recovery. Given that psychiatric and behavioral symptoms can have a significant influence on chronic and acute illness, it is not surprising that inpatient medical settings have reported significant psychiatric issues in approximately 35 % of all inpatients. These psychiatric comorbidities can have negative consequences on medical outcomes as well as fiscal outcomes (e.g., increased length of stay and repeated readmission). Beyond clinical psychiatric diagnosis, the multiple stressors of the hospitalization can negatively impact the quality of life for even high-functioning patients. Unfortunately, these psychosocial factors are often poorly recognized and managed within the hospital setting. For example, less than 5 % of admissions across the hospital appear to receive a mental health consult, far less than the one third of patients estimated to have psychiatric comorbidity.
NEBULA: A Partially and Dynamically Reconfigurable Architecture

Field programmable gate array based reconfigurable computing machines have successfully demonstrated their performance advantages for a large class of compute intense problems. In this paper, we present a partially and dynamically reconfigurable architecture, NEBULA, which reduces the inherent overheads of reconfigurable computing. NEBULA is built around Xilinx 6200 family of devices. NEBULA is supported by a collection of drivers and CAE tools that allow rapid implementation of algorithms in the reconfigurable core. We also present experimental results that highlight the performance capabilities of NEBULA. With very small reconfiguration and communication overhead, we are able to use NEBULA to speed up a large class of applications.
Men’s Report of Domestic Violence Perpetration in Bangladesh: Correlates From a Nationally Representative Survey

This study provides an examination of the antecedents of domestic violence perpetration among a nationally representative sample of men in Bangladesh using an ecological model. Secondary analysis of survey data from nationally representative Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey is used to examine potential antecedents of perpetration of domestic violence in a sample of 3,371 ever-married men between the ages of 15 and 54 years. Outcome measure is perpetration of domestic violence as measured by a modified Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), and predictor variables include maternal domestic violence, egalitarianism, marital age, number of household members, wealth index, marital duration, and demographic variables. Men who reported maternal domestic violence had 0.13 greater probability of perpetrating domestic violence compared with men who did not report maternal domestic violence, men who were egalitarian had 0.04 greater probability of perpetrating domestic violence compared with men who were not egalita...
Sports Movement in Dance Composition

(1981). Sports Movement in Dance Composition. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 42-49.
Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle

Exercise training enhances physical performance and confers health benefits, largely through adaptations in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial adaptation, encompassing coordinated improvements in quantity (content) and quality (structure and function), is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the beneficial outcomes of exercise training. Exercise training has long been known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, but recent work has demonstrated that it has a profound impact on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and clearance (mitophagy), as well. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms through which exercise training promotes mitochondrial quantity and quality in skeletal muscle.
Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5−x AB2-type metal hydride alloys for electrochemical storage application: Part 2. Hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties

Abstract In Part 2 of this report, the hydrogen gas charging and electrochemical properties of a series of AB2-based metal alloys (Ti12.5Zr21V10Cr8.5MnxCo1.5Ni46.5−x) designed to have different fractions of Zr–Ni-type secondary phases by varying the Mn/Ni-content were studied to establish correlations of these properties with abundances of the secondary phases. In the gas charging, the general trend of pressure–concentration–temperature slope factor and hysteresis is to diminish with increase in the Zr7Ni10 phase abundance; the trend of reversible hydrogen storage capacity is to increase as the TiNi-derived AB phase abundance increases. As for the electrochemical properties, the number of activation cycles needed to achieve a given percentage of capacity and power decreases with increase in the total amount of secondary phases. Trends of changes in both the total and reversible capacities follow that in AB phase abundance; the evolution of high-rate dischargeability, bulk diffusion, and surface exchange current is similar to that of Zr7Ni10 phase abundance – increase in the beginning and decrease afterward as the Mn-content in the alloy increases. Other properties, such as metal–hydrogen bond strength and maximum gaseous phase storage capacity, are predominately dependent on the alloys’ composition, i.e. the Mn/Ni ratio.
Inhaled nitric oxide and sildenafil therapy for a pediatric patient with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations may result in intrapulmonary shunting and hypoxemia, and often are treated by embolization or surgical resection. Previous reports have demonstrated effective treatment of hypoxia with inhaled nitric oxide in the acute setting. In this report, we describe a child with severe hypoxemia secondary to an inoperable pulmonary arteriovenous malformation that was initially managed with the use of nitric oxide followed by long term management with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil.
Layer-by-layer stereolithography of three-dimensional antennas

Horn antennas are created using laser-based layer-by-layer stereolithography processing in which three-dimensional structures can be synthesized directly from three-dimensional CAD files. The horns are used as a simple demonstration of how to create three-dimensional objects using rapidly deposited two-dimensional layers of polymer. Two types of horns are created using the polymer fabrication and then metallized using a conductive ink seed layer. This ink can be further metallized by the use of electroplating, however, the effects are shown to be minimal due to the small current density at all locations within the horn. Two types of horn operating in Ku band are realized to test the capability of this technique to create precise features without adversely affecting the pattern and the matching to the horn. The average return loss from the horns is above 20 dB throughout the band of operation and the measured gains (10.15 dB and 14.58 dB) are accurate within 5% with respect to the simulated values.
Rhythmic cortical neurons increase their oscillations and sculpt basal ganglia signaling during motor learning

The function and modulation of neural circuits underlying motor skill may involve rhythmic oscillations (Feller, 1999; Marder and Goaillard, 2006; Churchland et al., 2012). In the proposed pattern generator for birdsong, the cortical nucleus HVC, the frequency and power of oscillatory bursting during singing increases with development (Crandall et al., 2007; Day et al., 2009). We examined the maturation of cellular activity patterns that underlie these changes. Single unit ensemble recording combined with antidromic identification (Day et al., 2011) was used to study network development in anesthetized zebra finches. Autocovariance quantified oscillations within single units. A subset of neurons oscillated in the theta/alpha/mu/beta range (8-20 Hz), with greater power in adults compared to juveniles. Across the network, the normalized oscillatory power in the 8-20 Hz range was greater in adults than juveniles. In addition, the correlated activity between rhythmic neuron pairs increased with development. We next examined the functional impact of the oscillators on the output neurons of HVC. We found that the firing of oscillatory neurons negatively correlated with the activity of cortico-basal ganglia neurons (HVC(X)s), which project to Area X (the song basal ganglia). If groups of oscillators work together to tonically inhibit and precisely control the spike timing of adult HVC(X)s with coordinated release from inhibition, then the activity of HVC(X)s in juveniles should be decreased relative to adults due to uncorrelated, tonic inhibition. Consistent with this hypothesis, HVC(X)s had lower activity in juveniles. These data reveal network changes that shape cortical-to-basal ganglia signaling during motor learning.
Project onward: an innovative e‐health intervention for cancer survivors

Objective This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of an Individual Internet Intervention (III) embedded and integrated into an Internet Support Group (ISG) with the ultimate goal of enhancing adherence and learning, compared with an individual internet invention alone. Method Thirty-one posttreatment cancer survivors were randomized in groups of seven to nine to either the 8-week III + ISG intervention or the 8-week III condition. Seventeen participants met the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) criteria for depressive symptoms (HADS ≥ 8). Results Among all participants, the mean number of logins over 8 weeks was 20.8 ± 17.7 logins for the III + ISG compared with 12.5 ± 12.5 in III-only (p = 0.15). Two participants in the III + ISG dropped out, compared with five in III (p = 0.39). Among the 17 participants with depressive symptoms at baseline, both the Onward and the III-only condition showed large reductions in the depression scale of HADS (d = 1.27 and 0.89, respectively). Improvement over time and time x treatment effects only reached trend significance levels (ps = 0.07 & 0.12) as this pilot was not powered to detect these differences. Conclusion Both the III + ISG and III-only demonstrated pre-post reductions in depressive symptoms and high rates of utilization compared with other web-based treatments for depression. Although it is premature to make any determination as to the efficacy of the interventions tested in this feasibility study, these results indicate that pursuing the III + ISG model, as well as standard IIIs, may be fruitful areas of future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Characteristics of the Guideline Source TheACC/AHATaskForceonPracticeGuidelinesdirectedand sponsored the effort without commercial support (Table). The writing committee was composed of 16 selected clinicians with expertise inadultcardiology,electrophysiology, cardiothoracic surgery, and heart failure. Writing committee members and peer reviewers were required to disclose all health care–related relationships. Neither the committee chair nor a majority of the committee members could have any relevant relationships with industry. All recommendations required approval by a consensus of the votingmembers of the committee.Members could not draft or vote on any recommendation pertaining to their industry relationships.3
Relationship between substance P, intestinal wall compliance and vascular resistance in the canine ileum

Abstract Substance P (SP) is one of many vasoactive peptides found within the gastrointestinal tract with actions on intestinal smooth muscle. Thus, its vasodilatory action could be attenuated through its stimulatory effect on intestinal smooth muscle producing subsequent elevations in extravascular pressure and thus, passively opposing the vasodilation. The aim of this study was to examine for such a possibility for SP by simultaneously assessing ileal perfusion pressure and intestinal wall compliance in the canine ileum during intra-arterial infusion of SP. Infusion of SP at either 0.74 or 7.4 pmol/min significantly decreased ileal perfusion pressure by 8 and 30%, respectively, without affecting wall compliance. During SP infusion at 74 pmol/min, perfusion pressure fell by 49% while wall compliance decreased by 43%, reflecting a significant increase in ileal wall tension. During SP infusion at 7.4 and 74 pmol/min, a ‘two-phase’ reduction in perfusion pressure was observed. These data suggest that although SP markedly increases ileal wall tension, the elevation in extravascular pressure produced is not strong enough to overcome its potent vasodilatory action in the canine ileum. The potential of a physiologic role for blood-borne SP is discussed.
Rapid and Differential Proliferation of the Ty3-Gypsy LTR Retrotransposon Atlantys in the Genus Oryza

Here, we present the results of a comprehensive study of the distribution, evolution, heterogeneity, and phylogenetic relationships of the Ty3-Gypsy Atlantys long terminal repeat retrotransposable element family in Oryza. Atlantys element-related sequences make up a significant fraction of the genomes of species from the Officinalis complex as well as the Oryza ridleyi and O. granulata genomes. The proliferation of Atlantys elements, in many cases, took place after respective speciation events occurred. Most of the retrotranspositional events occurred within the last three million years. Atlantys is an ancient and ubiquitous component of the genus Oryza and has made significant contributions to genome size variation across the genus. Its structure is unusual when compared to other Ty3-Gypsy elements and its proliferation in the different Oryza species has been rapid and differential.