cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preservation of neurologic function during inflammatory demyelination correlates with axon sparing in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis

Abstract Axonal injury has been proposed as the basis of permanent deficits in the inflammatory, demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. However, reports on the degree of injury are highly variable, and the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the relationships among long-term demyelination, inflammation, axonal injury, and motor function in a model of multiple sclerosis, in which mice develop chronic, immune-mediated demyelination of the spinal cord resulting from persistent infection with Theiler’s virus. We studied two strains of mice, inbred SJL/J and C57BL/6×129 mice deficient in β2-microglobulin and therefore CD8 lymphocytes. After 8 months of disease, SJL mice had considerably worse motor function than β2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Motor dysfunction correlated linearly with the extent of demyelinated lesions in the spinal cord (lesion load) within each strain, but no difference in lesion load was present between strains. Also, the extent of remyelination did not differ between strains. Instead, the disparity in motor deficits reflected differences in the integrity of descending neurons. That is, retrograde labeling of reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, and rubrospinal neurons, although reduced in all chronically diseased mice, was two to seven times higher in β2-microglobulin-deficient mice. The labeling was superior in β2-microglobulin-deficient mice despite the fact that lesion expanse and therefore the number of axons traversing lesions were similar in both strains. Thus, by all criteria axons were equivalently demyelinated in SJL and β2-microglobulin-deficient mice, but the extent of axonal injury differed significantly. These results indicate that mechanisms of demyelination and axonal injury are at least partly separable, and are consistent with the hypothesis that cytotoxic CD8 lymphocytes may selectively injure demyelinated axons. Additionally, the data suggest that axonal injury obligatorily results from chronic inflammatory demyelination and significantly contributes to neurological deficits.
Photofragmentation of Cn−, 4⩽n⩽20: Loss of neutral C3

Abstract Size-selected photofragmentation of the negative carbon cluster ions C itn − , 4⪕ n ⪕20, has been surveyed when excited both above and below their electron binding energies (at 3.49, and 2.33 eV, respectively). For most clusters smaller than n =14, fragmentation occurs via loss of C 3 neutrals, analogous to the behavior found in the carbon cations.
Ethical Issues in Collection Development

ABSTRACT This overview looks at ethical issues and questions that arise in collection development. It analyzes the Code of Ethics of the American Library Association (ALA) to highlight different elements of the code and how they relate to collections, and looks at ethics in libraries' collection development policies. Issues that involve individual bibliographers as well as managers of collection development are addressed. Ethical dilemmas involving interactions and information obtained from vendors are examined. Lastly, questions of ethics and bias as they relate to gifts and remote access to resources are covered.
Elimination of the Liquid Junction by using Glass Electrodes

IT is assumed in measuring potential with hydrogen or alkali-sensitive glass electrodes1 that the salt bridge which connects the reference electrode to the solution generates a negligibly small potential at the liquid junction. This is a reasonable assumption so long as the unknown solution contains no colloids, and its ionic strength is approximately that of the buffers used in standardization. Unfortunately these ideal conditions are seldom met in biological systems. The resultant error is often of a serious magnitude, as shown in experiments on pH in colloidal systems2,3.
Chain Tensor Products and Interval Effect Algebras

Weak and strongn-doublings (n∈N) are defined for an effect algebraP and the concept of a normal interval algebra is introduced. It is shown that the following statements are equivalent: (1) There is a morphism fromP into an interval algebra. (2)P admits a tensor product with every finite chain. (3)P has a weakn-doubling for everyn∈N. Moreover, the following are equivalent: (4)P is a normal interval algebra. (5)P admits a strong tensor product with every chain of length 2n,n∈N. (6)P has a strongn-doubling for everyn∈N. Finally, it is shown that ifP possesses an order-determining set of states, thenP is a normal interval algebra.
Separation of microgram quantities of low isotopic abundance utilizing an isotope separator

Abstract A210Bim target, with a thickness lower limit of 4 μg/cm2, has been prepared from 1.39 mg of bismuth with an isotopic abundance of 2.5% 210Bim. The 35 μg of 210Bim was successfully separated because of modifications in the ion source. It is suggested that these techniques may be important in the preparation of targets of the transuranic elements, for reaction spectroscopy studies and in the search for new elements with Z of 110–114 and ≈ 126.
Temperature-dependent trade-offs between longevity and fertility in the Drosophila mutant, methuselah.

Abstract Single gene, hypomorphic mutations which extend the life spans of cold-blooded animals, such as the methuselah (mth) mutation in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, may have additional, deleterious effects on overall fitness. The hypotheses tested here were: (i) that the extension of life span by mth might be temperature-dependent, and (ii) that it might be associated with depression of reproductive output, physical activity, or the rate of metabolism. The effect of mth on life span was smaller in magnitude than reported previously, and it was both sex-specific and temperature-dependent. Female longevity was increased only at 29 °C, whereas for male flies the extension of mean life span diminished progressively from 15–25% 25–29 °C to 2% at 18 °C, and the survival time at 4 °C was decreased by 22–39%. Conversely, the lifetime reproductive output of mth mutants was decreased at 29 °C, but increased at 18–22 °C. The walking speed of mth flies was significantly elevated, but mth had no effect on the rate of oxygen consumption at 25 °C. Collectively, the results demonstrate that where the life span is extended, there is an offsetting effect on reproductive output, suggesting that mth induces trade-off effects and is not a direct, mechanistic regulator of the aging process.
A coupled double splitting ADI scheme for the first biharmonic using collocation

A new method for solving the first biharmonic equation via a double splitting into coupled systems of ordinary differential equations is presented. The first splitting reduces this fourth order partial differential equation into the coupled system uxx + uyy = v and vxx + vyy = f, where u carries both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary data and v carries no boundary data. The pair is then iteratively solved using coupled alternating direction collocation on the resulting systems of ordinary differential equations. This can also be viewed as an alternating direction method of lines for a system of partial differential equations. Although there is no separation of variables underlying the splitting, the method yields a convergent sequence of iterates for a variety of examples under a restricted range of acceleration parameters, and possesses O(h4) accuracy. Desirable features of the algorithm are discussed together with the reduction of bandwidth of the associated collocation matrices under intersticing of u and v variables. Interesting open questions are also discussed.
Quantization of Spin-2 Fields

A massive spin-2 field has been quantized using Schwinger's action principle. Lorentz invariance and physical positive-definiteness requirements have been verified.
The Electron-Neutron Interaction

The known electromagnetic properties of nucleons, assuming that the electron-neutron interaction is fundamentally of electromagnetic origin, are fitted into the phenomenological framework developed in the preceding paper and the results compared with predictions of weak coupling meson theories. The detailed comparison shows that the intrinsic electron-neutron interaction is somewhat smaller than predicted and it is suggested that even in the more favorable cases, the rough agreement as to order of magnitude may be largely due to a fortuitious cancellation of different contributions, which may easily be upset when higher order effects are included in the theory. Even apart from the detailed calculations, it is indicated that the observed intrinsic electron-neutron interaction is considerably smaller than order-of-magnitude expectations from general meson-theoretical principles. The results emphasize the importance of more accurate experimental determinations of the electron-neutron interaction, since a smaller value of the intrinsic interaction will either pose a very stringent test for any meson theory or require a critical re-evaluation of our present ideas regarding nucleonic structure. Some phenomena related to the electron-neutron interaction and the possibility that the intrinsic interaction may be nonelectromagnetic in origin are briefly discussed.
Pre-Exposure of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Soluble Factors Enhances Their Homing to Brain Cancer

Recent research advances have established mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising vehicle for therapeutic delivery. Their intrinsic tropism for brain injury and brain tumors, their lack of immunogenicity, and their ability to breach the blood-brain barrier make these cells an attractive potential treatment of brain disorders, including brain cancer. Despite these advantages, the efficiency of MSC homing to the brain has been limited in commonly used protocols, hindering the feasibility of such therapies. In the present study, we report a reproducible, comprehensive, cell culture-based approach to enhance human adipose-derived MSC (hAMSC) engraftment to brain tumors. We used micro- and nanotechnological tools to systematically model several steps in the putative homing process. By pre-exposing hAMSCs to glioma-conditioned media and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin, we achieved significant enhancements of the individual homing steps in vitro. This homing was confirmed in an in vivo rodent model of brain cancer. This comprehensive, cell-conditioning approach provides a novel method to enhance stem cell homing to gliomas and, potentially, other neurological disorders.
Numerical study of the behavior of an activation parameter in a cardiac muscle model

Abstract A sliding filament model for the activation and contraction of cardiac muscle is postulated in which a model parameter—the variable rate of cross-bridge attachment— represents the instantaneous degree of activation. Equations are formulated which describe the responses of this model to isometric and isotonic loading conditions. These equations allow one to calculate the time variation of the activation parameter when given the contraction time history, i.e., the time course of length and tension changes. This is accomplished numerically by treating the cross-bridge distribution function n(x, t) as a discrete function of x and t. The filament sliding that occurs between two successive evaluation of n and the value of n at the next time step are found by solving, by Newton's method, the equations representing the mechanical constraints prescribed by the loading conditions. We apply this numerical scheme with the model responses set equal to experimentally measured contraction time histories of isolated cardiac muscle. It is found that in order for the model and muscle response to match, the degree of activation of the muscle model must both increase and decrease with shortening.
Hospital utilization and costs among children with influenza, 2003.

Background Longstanding recommendations for influenza vaccines among children were augmented by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 2002 and again in 2008 to encourage vaccination among healthy children aged 6 months–18 years. Little is known about the hospital costs and length of stay among high-risk and otherwise healthy children for the groups affected by the 2002 and 2008 recommendations of the ACIP. The burden of influenza may vary between children with high-risk medical conditions and those who are otherwise healthy. The objective of the current study was to characterize the national burden of influenza hospitalizations and to evaluate how hospital costs and length of stay varied among children diagnosed with influenza. Methods A retrospective analysis of influenza hospitalizations was performed in 2006 using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database, a nationally representative database of hospital discharge records for children from January to December 2003. Children aged ≤18 years with the primary or secondary diagnosis of influenza were classified into three groups based on ACIP recommendations (0–5 months, 6–23 months, 24 months–18 years) and further subdivided by diagnostic codes (asthma, other chronic diseases, without chronic conditions). The outcome measures were aggregate national and mean hospital costs and mean length of stay. Results In 2003, aggregate national costs for children with a diagnosis of influenza were $76.5 million, 55% of which was among the group for whom an influenza vaccine was recommended or encouraged in 2003. These costs corresponded to 77,264 inpatient days for 27,363 influenza hospitalizations (2.8 days average length of stay). Mean costs were higher for children with influenza and chronic diseases ($7774) compared to those for children with asthma ($3469) and children without chronic conditions ($2785). Sub-analyses regarding recently expanded national recommendations revealed that 41% of all hospitalizations with a diagnosis of influenza were among otherwise healthy children aged 24 months–18 years. Conclusions In 2003, over half of the influenza hospitalizations and costs associated with influenza occurred among children for whom an influenza vaccination was recommended. The frequency of influenza hospitalizations among children aged 24 months–18 years supports recent expansion of the ACIP influenza vaccination recommendations.
Experimental asbestos carcinogenesis

Abstract Laboratory rodents were exposed to one of three mineralogical types of asbestos dust, amosite, crocidolite, or chrysotile. Inhalation exposures were accomplished in chambers where ballmilled specimens of these dusts were disseminated for 4 hours daily, 4 days weekly, at a mean atmospheric concentration of about 48 mg/m 3 . Additional animals were injected with these dusts intratracheally, intrapleurally, or intraperitoneally. Histopathologic studies showed a fibrotic reaction in all species to all three types of dusts, with amosite provoking the strongest such response especially in guinea pigs. Two pulmonary cancers were produced in rats exposed to the inhalation of crocidolite. Local injection into the pleural or peritoneal cavities caused 5 mesotheliomas in rats after chrysotile treatment and 6 mesotheliomas in rats and rabbits after crocidolite treatment. Guinea pigs and hamsters developed no tumors in this experiment, and with the dose used, there were no tumors in any species in the amosite group.
Bayesian historical earthquake relocation: an example from the 1909 Taipei earthquake

Locating earthquakes from the beginning of the modern instrumental period is complicated by the fact that there are few good-quality seismograms and what traveltimes do exist may be corrupted by both large phase-pick errors and clock errors. Here, we outline a Bayesian approach to simultaneous inference of not only the hypocentre location but also the clock errors at each station and the origin time of the earthquake. This methodology improves the solution for the source location and also provides an uncertainty analysis on all of the parameters included in the inversion. As an example, we applied this Bayesian approach to the well-studied 1909 M_w 7 Taipei earthquake. While our epicentre location and origin time for the 1909 Taipei earthquake are consistent with earlier studies, our focal depth is significantly shallower suggesting a higher seismic hazard to the populous Taipei metropolitan area than previously supposed.
Analysis of azimuth head motion in rotary-wing flight using various helmet-mounted display configurations

In spite of an immense increase in interest in helmet- mounted displays (HMDs) over the past two decades, there have been few studies on head motion while using HMDs in operational flight. Rotary-wing flights conducted using a number of HMD configurations have resulted in a head position database that will be useful in filling this void. Various analysis techniques have been applied to investigate characteristics of head position distributions for a slalom flight maneuver for four visual environments: good visual environment (daytime, unaided), night vision goggles, HMD with thermal imagery, and HMD with thermal imagery and symbology.
Defining Risks of Taxane Neuropathy: Insights from Randomized Clinical Trials

Sensory neuropathy is a common but difficult to quantify complication encountered during treatment of various cancers with taxane-containing regimens. Docetaxel, paclitaxel, and its nanoparticle albumin-bound formulation have been extensively studied in randomized clinical trials comparing various dose and schedules for the treatment of breast, lung, and ovarian cancers. This review highlights differences in extent of severe neuropathies encountered in such randomized trials and seeks to draw conclusions in terms of known pharmacologic factors that may lead to neuropathy. This basic knowledge provides an essential background for exploring pharmacogenomic differences among patients in relation to their susceptibility of developing severe manifestations. In addition, the differences highlighted may lead to greater insight into drug and basic host factors (such as age, sex, and ethnicity) contributing to axonal injury from taxanes.
Feeding and respiratory gas exchange in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis.

This study investigated the effect of blood feeding on respiratory gas exchange in the dog tick Dermacentor variabilis. Adult male and female ticks were fed on bovine hosts from 1 to 11days. Females fed slowly for the first 6days and then rapidly engorged on blood 2-3days prior to dropping from the host. Ticks were removed at daily intervals during feeding, weighed and CO(2) emission measured at 25 degrees C using flow-through respirometry. During feeding, females (N=39) showed a 100-fold gain in mass from 5.78+/-1.05mg to 541.15+/-18.60mg while standard metabolic rate (Vdot;co(2)) increased from 0.179+/-0.030mlh(-1) in unfed ticks to 87.32+/-5.72mlh(-1) in fully engorged ticks. CO(2) release prior to feeding was highly discontinuous with discrete spiracular bursts of CO(2) emission approximately every 30min. For CO(2) emission measured in detached partially or completely fed ticks, burst frequency became more and more rapid as feeding progressed and changed to continuous sustained CO(2) output during rapid engorgement. In contrast to females, male ticks (N=20) showed little change in mass and maintained discontinuous CO(2) throughout the 11day attachment period on the host. The switch from discontinuous to continuous CO(2) release and presumed increase in respiratory water loss in female ticks is correlated to an increase in metabolic expenditure associated with blood meal digestion rather than any factor relating directly to maintenance of water balance.
Direct casting of uranium monocarbide reactor fuel elements

Abstract Procedures for preparing uranium carbide cast shapes with densities in excess of 98% of theoretical are described. In the first method, drop casting, uranium and crushed carbon are melted six times in a special carbon-electrode arc furnace in which the charge can be turned over after each 30-sec melting cycle. The carbon content of the 100 g UC button is homogeneous and controlled to ± 0.1 wt. % carbon. This button is then cast in a second arc furnace into a graphite thimble mold. Castings up to 5 8 -in. in diameter by 3 in. long weighing 200 g can be made. In the second technique, charges of UC up to 8 kg are skull melted under vacuum or inert gas in a carbon-electrode arc furnace. While good quality castings round, square, and hexagonal in cross section can be made and are homogeneous to ± 0.1 wt. % carbon, variation of carbon contents from melt to melt of ± 0.3 wt. % carbon have been noted.
Rare-earth-ions-doped graded-index single-mode polymer waveguide amplifier

Recently, intense research on single-mode rare-earth doped fiber lasers and amplifiers[fl has led to the development of a range of active devices. The possibility of ion-doping of standard integrated-optic waveguides has recently allowed the demonstration of Nd- and Er-doped single-mode channel waveguide lasers in single crystal Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides[12] and various glass waveguides[35]. However, there are a number of intrinsic limitations associated with these material systems. First, glass waveguides have no electrooptic(EO) effect therefore, an active device cannot be made using these substrates. Second, LiNbO3 waveguides have significant walk-off between the refractive indices of microwave and optical waves. Consequently, the modulation speed of the EO modulator, which serves as the input signal generator for the waveguide amplifier, is limited to 4O GHz[6]. Third, the waveguide fabrication methods for LiNbO3 and glass substrates are not universal. They are not transferable to other substrates. For instance, Si and GaAs are the most frequently used substrates for optoelectronics. LiNbO3 and glass waveguide lasers cannot be implemented on these substrates as amplifiers without violating the monolithic integration preference. Photo lime gel-based polymer waveguide is an excellent guiding medium due to its wide transmission bandwidth(300nm to 2700nm). The GRIN characteristic of this material[7] allows the formation of high quality(loss <0.1 dB/cm) single-mode passive and active devices on an array of substrate[81. In this paper, we report a graded index(GRIN) polymer waveguide amplifier working at 1 .O6im wavelength using Nd-doped photolime gel as the active medium. Fluorescent spectrums at 1 .32im (Nd3doped) and at 1.56 im (Er3-doped) were also observed and the results are shown in Figs.l and 2, respectively. The polymer introduced is soluble in water. As a result, the chemical compounds containing rare earth ions(REIs) can be mixed with the host polymer as long as they are hydrophilic. But the doping concentrations should be below the level of microscopic clustering[5] which quenches the active ions. There are other quenchers which shorten the lifetime of metastable states of active ions. The most serious quenchers are the admixed 0-H groups whose concentration must be less than 3-5x10'8/cm3 [4] for glass waveguide amplifier. The existence of 0-H groups generates a number of intermediate states between the transition states. Such states, primarily from water molecules, significantly reduce the lifetime of metastable states. The general rule of thumb is that the lifetime of the excited state will be temperature dependent if the gap is less than ten times the effective phonon frequency and completely quenched if less than four times[5I. Experiment results will be presented at the conference.
Developing instructional microcomputer laboratories for a university

Five microcomputer laboratories have been installed for general instructional use at Michigan State University. Each laboratory contains 16 fixed disc IBM™ PC-compatible microcomputers networked with the University's mainframe computer. In order to reduce costs and extend the hours the laboratories are available for student use, they are designed to be left unattended by Computer Laboratory staff. To accomplish this the laboratories have been made secure by storing the microcomputer system units in locked cabinets and cabling the monitors and keyboards to the work surfaces. Slave monitors driven by the instructor's microcomputer are available at each work station for demonstration purposes. A standard set of software including MD-DOS™, two word processors, a spread-sheet, BASIC interpreter, tutorials and a communications package are provided on the fixed discs of each microcomputer by the Computer Laboratory. Instructors can request to have their software stored on the fixed discs. Student work files are stored on the University's mainframe computer and are up-and down-loaded via the cable network. The approaches used, problems encountered and solutions tried are described.
Stanley "Sandy" J. Bolanowski (22 February 1950-13 January 2005).

Stanley “Sandy” J. Bolanowski died suddenly and unexpectedly on Jan 13, 2005 while on sabbatical leave at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, TN. Dr Bolanowski was a professor in the Department of ...
Carrying the Burdens of Poverty, Parenting, and Addiction: Depression Symptoms and Self-Silencing Among Ethnically Diverse Women

Depression among women commonly co-occurs with substance abuse. We explore the association between women’s depressive symptoms and self-silencing accounting for the effects of known childhood and adult risk indicators. Participants are 233 ethnically diverse, low-income women who abused alcohol/drugs prenatally. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index. Multivariate logistic regression models examined the association between self-silencing and the dependent depression variable. The full model indicated a 3% increased risk for depressive distress for each point increase in self-silencing score (OR = 1.03; P = .001). Differences in depressive symptomatology by ethnic groups were accounted for by their differences in self-silencing.
Increased stability of glycol-terminated self-assembled monolayers for long-term patterned cell culture.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used to confine proteins and cells to a pattern to study cellular processes and behavior. To fully explore some of these phenomena, it is necessary to control cell growth and confinement for several weeks. Here, we present a simple method by which protein and cellular confinement to a pattern can be maintained for more than 35 days. This represents a significant increase in pattern stability compared to previous monolayer systems and is achieved using an amide-linked glycol monomer on 50 A titanium/100 A gold-coated glass coverslips. In addition, this study provides insight into the method of SAM degradation and excludes interfacial mixing of the monomers and blooming of the adlayer as major mechanisms for SAM degradation.
Finite-size effect on one-dimensional coupled-resonator optical waveguides

We study the finite-size effect on the dispersion relation, group velocity, and transmission curves of one-dimensional finite-size coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) structures. Both the dispersion relation and the group velocity curves of a finite-size CROW oscillate along those of the corresponding infinite-extended ones. The oscillations can be suppressed by matching the equivalent admittance of the surrounding medium to that of the unit cell. Thelen's method is used to find the parameters of the matching layer to reduce oscillations on the group velocity and transmission spectra, and to analyze the structure parameters that determine the bandwidth and the group velocity.
Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithms to Perform Online and Offline Highway Traffic Flow Predictions

Advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) are heavily depending on traffic flow or equivalent travel time estimation. The main goal of this paper is to accomplish two different algorithms to perform offline and online traffic flow forecasting. A multi-layer perceptron (MLP), which is trained on yearly data, is utilized for mid-term offline predictions. Principal components analysis (PCA) is employed to speed up the training process. This model also serves as a baseline. The stochastic gradient descent deploys online forecasting. Both algorithms predict the flow of a location down a Trunk highway (the target point) using the history of flow of several locations ahead of the target point in Twin Cities Metro area in Minneapolis.
The Design, Synthesis and Characterization of the Molecular Components of Organic Conductors

Following an examination of the design constraints for the formulation of good organic conductors and a brief review of the synthesis of heterocyclic selenium π-donors such as TMTSF and the zero pr...
The Nrf2 triterpenoid activator, CDDO-imidazolide, protects kidneys from ischemia–reperfusion injury in mice

Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by ischemia–reperfusion is a major clinical problem in both native and transplanted kidneys. We had previously shown that deficiency of Nrf2, a potent bZIP transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element, enhances susceptibility to experimental ischemic AKI. Here we further explored the role of Nrf2 in AKI by amplifying Nrf2 activation in vivo and in vitro with the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-imidazolide. Mice treated with CDDO-imidazolide and undergoing experimental bilateral ischemic AKI had improved survival and renal function. Treated mice had improved renal histology with a decrease in tubular injury, as well as a decrease in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production compared with vehicle-treated mice. In an exploration of protective mechanisms, we found an upregulation of Nrf2 target antioxidant genes in CDDO-imidazolide-treated mouse kidneys. Furthermore, Nrf2-deficient mice treated with CDDO-imidazolide had no significant improvement in mortality, renal function or histology, proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, and no significant increase in antioxidant gene expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that the renal epithelial cells were likely an important target of CDDO-imidazolide. Thus, activation of Nrf2 signaling with CDDO-imidazolide confers protection from AKI, and presents a new therapeutic opportunity for this common and serious condition.
Queer curatorship: Performing the history of race, sex, and power in museums

The article proposes an alternative performative methodology for displaying sexuality in public spaces called queer curatorship. Specifically, it examines Isaac Julien's film The Attendant and a Chicago leathersex museum (The Leather Archives & Museum) wherein histories of sadomasochistic sex practices and slavery dangerously crisscross on the surface of objects. Tyburczy posits that sites that feature materials such as real Antebellum slave whips alongside objects used as instruments of consensual pleasure and pain offer unique opportunities to reconfigure, recode, and reanimate epistemological frameworks for understanding the history of sexual equipment, the perversion and eroticization of power exchange, and the mutually constitutive relationship between histories of eroticism and histories of discipline. Cultivating the visual lessons learned from The Attendant into new curatorial models enacted during her tenure as a museum curator at the Leather Archives & Museum, Tyburczy ultimately proposes queer ...
Lifetimes of biradicals produced in the Norrish type I reaction of methyl-substituted 2-tetralones

Abstract The Norrish Type I biradicals derived from 2-tetralones decay by a competition of recyclization to the starting material, intramolecular disproportionation to yield aldehydes and decarbonylation. The last path is only favored in the case of 3,3-dimethylated derivatives while, in the other extreme, the parent 2-tetralone is essentially photostable. The biradical lifetimes are around 140 ns in benzene and 40 ns or less in non-aromatic solvents; they show little sensitivity to the solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding ability. The remarkable stabilization of the biradical in benzene is probably due to specific interactions between the acyl center in the biradical and benzene, since similar effects have not been observed in other biradicals.
Safety and efficacy of drug-induced sleep endoscopy using a probability ramp propofol infusion system in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND:Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) uses sedative-hypnotics to induce moderate obstruction in sleep apnea patients, thereby facilitating anatomic assessment of obstructive physiology. Implementation of DISE with propofol requires a dosing strategy that reliably and efficiently produces ob
A quantitative analysis of triple fluorochrome labeling in the coronoid process of lathyritic rats

Abstract Variations in the bone remodeling capabilities in lathyritic and nonlathyritic Sprague-Dawley albino rats were assessed with the use of a triple fluorochrome labeling technique. Statistical analysis revealed that the administration of beta aminopropionitril (BAPN) significantly impaired the turnover and remodeling rates of endosteal and periosteal bone (
Transplacental Passage of Interleukins 4 and 13

The mechanisms by which prenatal events affect development of adult disease are incompletely characterized. Based on findings in a murine model of maternal transmission of asthma risk, we sought to test the role of the pro-asthmatic cytokines interleukin IL-4 and -13. To assess transplacental passage of functional cytokines, we assayed phosphorylation of STAT-6, a marker of IL-4 and -13 signaling via heterodimeric receptor complexes which require an IL-4 receptor alpha subunit. IL-4 receptor alpha−/− females were mated to wild-type males, and pregnant females were injected with supraphysiologic doses of IL-4 or 13. One hour after injection, the receptor heterozygotic embryos were harvested and tissue nuclear proteins extracts assayed for phosphorylation of STAT-6 by Western blot. While direct injection of embryos produced a robust positive control, no phosphorylation was seen after maternal injection with either IL-4 or -13, indicating that neither crossed the placenta in detectable amounts. The data demonstrate a useful approach to assay for transplacental passage of functional maternal molecules, and indicate that molecules other than IL-4 and IL-13 may mediate transplacental effects in maternal transmission of asthma risk.
Production of single-strand breaks in covalent circular lambda phage DNA in superinfected lysogens by monoalkylating agents and the joining of broken DNA strands.

Abstract Fast sedimenting, double-stranded, covalent circular λ phage DNA in superinfected lysogens of Escherichia coli is converted to notched circular DNA, sedimenting slowly in alkaline sucrose gradients, by methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) treatment during incubation at 37°. During further incubation after removal of the MMS, the slow sedimenting DNA reverts to the fast sedimenting structure. Covalent circular DNA, phenol extracted from superinfected lysogens and exposed to MMS, ethylmethane sulfonate, or 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide requires the presence of a heat-labile factor from extracts of E. coli for the breaks to appear. The cleavage of alkylated covalent circular DNA in vivo and the subsequent rejoining of the broken DNA strands to produce reconstructed covalent circular DNA may reflect the action of an excision-like repair process which is under different genetic control from that of pyrimidine dimer excision.
Finite-element analysis of semiconductor devices: the FIELDAY program

The FIELDAY program simulates semiconductor devices of arbitrary shape in one, two, or three dimensions operating under transient or steady-state conditions. A wide variety of physical effects, important in bipolar and field-effect transistors, can be modeled. The finite-element method transforms the continuum description of mobile carrier transport in a semiconductor device to a simulation model at a discrete number of points. Coupled and decoupled algorithms offer two methods of linearizing the differential equations. Direct techniques are used to solve the resulting matrix equations. Pre- and post-processors enable users to rapidly generate new models and analyze results. Specific examples illustrate the flexibility and accuracy of FIELDAY.
Estimating microalgae Synechococcus nidulans daily biomass concentration using neuro-fuzzy network

In this study, a neuro-fuzzy estimator was developed for the estimation of biomass concentration of the microalgae Synechococcus nidulans from initial batch concentrations, aiming to predict daily productivity. Nine replica experiments were performed. The growth was monitored daily through the culture medium optic density and kept constant up to the end of the exponential phase. The network training followed a full 33 factorial design, in which the factors were the number of days in the entry vector (3,5 and 7 days), number of clusters (10, 30 and 50 clusters) and internal weight softening parameter (Sigma) (0.30, 0.45 and 0.60). These factors were confronted with the sum of the quadratic error in the validations. The validations had 24 (A) and 18 (B) days of culture growth. The validations demonstrated that in long-term experiments (Validation A) the use of a few clusters and high Sigma is necessary. However, in short-term experiments (Validation B), Sigma did not influence the result. The optimum point occurred within 3 days in the entry vector, 10 clusters and 0.60 Sigma and the mean determination coefficient was 0.95. The neuro-fuzzy estimator proved a credible alternative to predict the microalgae growth.
Diversity Issues and Business Education

Abstract Textbooks on principles of marketing were examined to evaluate the coverage of diversity issues that will affect business students in their professional careers. Undertaken as an initial exploration of the topic, this study focused on the discussion of segmentation in textbooks currently in print. The picture of the world that emerged from the analysis differed both from the world that marketers currently face and from that which they will probably face in the next century. The nature and possible causes of the observed differences are discussed. Suggestions are presented for improving coverage of diversity issues in principles texts.
The prisoner reentry industry

The Prisoner Reentry Industry found its beginnings in the recognition that men and women who were being released from prison continued to need assistance in their transition process. Depending upon the individual needs of each person, this determined the extent of what type of assistance needed. Within a short period of time it was determined that the greatest assistance was needed in the area of housing and employment. However, once a person completed this transition phrase that was usually understood to be about three years, the following questions arise: when does the reentry phase end? When does society allow the ex-offender to move on with their lives? Even when secure employment has been maintained, when other areas of the individuals’ life are functioning “at least like everyone else in society”, when does the reentry stop and the ex-offender allowed to enter into mainline society? This article attempts to show that we have not done a good job of allowing the ex-offender to move from the phase of prisoner reentry to the phase of contributor in our society.
Cryoextraction: A novel approach to remove aspirated chewing gum

The extraction of aspirated foreign bodies can prove challenging at times, requiring even rigid bronchoscopy. Cryotherapy probes have been reported to help with extraction of foreign bodies. We present a case where successful "cryoextraction" was performed on an aspirated chewing gum. The case highlights the fact that this technique is useful to extract all materials that have water content. This technique can be performed through flexible bronchoscopy and can save patients from more aggressive approaches.
An Introduction to the Special Issue on Family Communication Patterns Theory

The family occupies a central position in the lives of individuals and also is humanity's most enduring and most fundamental social institution. Ancestral humans belonged to and identified with the...
The effect of mineral substrates on the crystallization of lysozyme

The effects of exogenous mineral substrates on the induction time for nucleation, and on the number, morphology and purity of protein crystals were investigated in a series of experiments using chicken egg-white lysozyme (CEWL) as a model protein. CEWL was crystallized using the vapor-diffusion technique in the absence of substrates (control) and in the presence of mineral substrates exhibiting various degrees of crystalline lattice match to CEWL (experiments). Results indicate that mineral substrates with a close lattice match to CEWL had a greater influence on the induction time for nucleation and crystal properties.
Spontaneously broken gauge theories and the coset construction

The methods of nonlinear realizations have proven to be powerful in studying the low-energy physics resulting from spontaneously broken internal and spacetime symmetries. In this paper, we reconsider how these techniques may be applied to the case of spontaneously broken gauge theories, concentrating on Yang-Mills theories. We find that coset methods faithfully reproduce the description of low-energy physics in terms of massive gauge bosons and discover that the St\"uckelberg replacement commonly employed when treating massive gauge theories arises in a natural manner. Uses of the methods are considered in various contexts, including generalizations to $p$-form gauge fields. We briefly discuss potential applications of the techniques to theories of massive gravity and their possible interpretation as a Higgs phase of general relativity.
Beryllium implant activation and damage recovery study in n-type GaSb

Damage induced by the implantation of beryllium in n-type GaSb and its removal by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) are studied in detail by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Cross Sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (XTEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). RTA has been implemented with different times and temperatures in order to optimize ion activation and to avoid Sb outdiffusion during the process. Results indicate a lattice quality that is close to pristine GaSb for samples annealed at 600 °C for 10s using a thick Si3N4 capping layer. Electrical response of the implanted diodes is measured and characterized as function of different annealing conditions.
Lessons from type 1 diabetes for understanding natural history and prevention of autoimmune disease

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder resulting from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreatic islets. Prediction of T1D is now possible, as having 2 or more islet autoantibodies confers a 100% risk of diabetes development. With the ability to predict disease development, clinical trials to prevent diabetes onset have been completed and are currently under way. This review focuses on the natural history, prediction, and prevention trials in T1D. We review the lessons learned from these attempts at preventing a chronic autoimmune disease and apply the paradigm from T1D prevention to other autoimmune disorders.
The Intellect's Burden: Geometrical Inferences in Descartes's Theory of Vision

Au-dela de la tension entre les «Meditations metaphysiques» et la «Dioptrique» concernant la distinction entre la perception spatiale et la perception non-spatiale de l'intellect, l'A defend l'unite de la conception intellectuelle de la perception spatiale chez Descartes. Soulignant l'identite des inferences geometriques et des inferences intellectuelles du raisonnement conscient, l'A. montre que la fonction epistemique des inferences consiste a informer le sujet percevant sur la nature essentielle du monde corporel a travers la manifestation de ses proprietes.
Browridge structure and function in extant primates and Neanderthals

The structural characteristics of the supraorbital ridge in three extent primate species and fossil Neanderthals are described in this study. Surface morphology and patterns of trabecular organization as observed in cross-sectional collections of Papio, Macaca and Pan are compared with similar traits encountered in the Pech de l'Aze infant, Gibraltar child, and La Quina 5, La Chapelle-aux-Saints, Broken Hill, Skhul V, Skhul IX, Tabun I and Gibraltar adult Neanderthals. Periods of rapid appositional growth of the browridges by means of fine cancellous bone formation and its subsequent remodeling and consolidation are temporally correlated with dental development and eruption sequences.
The Elementary Particle of Positive Electricity

REGARDING the suggestions for the name of the nydrogen nucleus made by Prof. Soddy (NATURE, December 16, 1920, p. 502) and Dr. Prideaux (NATURE, December 30, 1920, p. 567), it would seem to be better to use the term “hydron” instead of “hydrion”, as being shorter and more euphonious.
Kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols with commercial lipases : Application to rootworm sex pheromone synthesis.

The relative rates of enzyme-catalyzed esterification of the enantiomers of 2-octanol with various acids were determined for several commercial lipases. Interesterifications and hydrolyses of racemic 2-octanol esters catalyzed by these enzymes were also examined. Novo'sMucor miehei lipase exhibited considerable enantioselectivity and was therefore employed to prepare 8-methyl-2-decanols with high configurational purity at the carbinol carbon. Esters of these alcohols had been previously identified as sexually attractive to several rootworm (Diabrotica) species, and the stereochemistry of those esters had been shown to be critical to the attraction. The enzymatic resolution provides a convenient method to obtain such esters in a desired state of configurational purity.
Biological Effects of Passive Versus Active Scanning Proton Beams on Human Lung Epithelial Cells

The goal was to characterize differences in cell response after exposure to active beam scanning (ABS) protons compared to a passive delivery system. Human lung epithelial (HLE) cells were evaluated at various locations along the proton depth dose profile. The dose delivered at the Bragg peak position was essentially identical (∼4 Gy) with the two techniques, but depth dose data showed that ABS resulted in lower doses at entry and more rapid drop-off after the peak. Average dose rates for the passive and ABS beams were 1.1 Gy/min and 5.1 Gy/min, respectively; instantaneous dose rates were 19.2 Gy/min and 2,300 Gy/min (to a 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 voxel). Analysis of DNA synthesis was based on 3H-TdR incorporation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done to determine expression of genes related to p53 signaling and DNA damage; a total of 152 genes were assessed. Spectral karyotyping and analyses of the Golgi apparatus and cytokines produced by the HLE cells were also performed. At or near ...
Homogamy among the divorced and the never married on marital history in recent decades: Evidence from vital statistics data

Abstract I investigate whether divorced and never married persons tend to marry within their own marital history group. This analysis is a step toward assessing any distinctions that may exist between the never married and the divorced, which informs the distinctions between first marriages and remarriages, across which inequality among coresident children has been observed. Using log-linear models applied to data of marriages formed in a year from the Vital Statistics Marriage Files, I find evidence of a tendency toward marital history homogamy beyond that accounted for by relative group size, education, and age. Specifically, the never married and the divorced are more likely to marry within their marital history group than to intermarry. Results also indicate that, although the tendency toward marital history homogamy unaccounted for by group size, age, and education persisted throughout the period 1970–1988 (i.e., the years for which educational data are available in the Vital Statistics data), it did diminish somewhat.