cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a Separability Parameter for the Design of a High Frequency Dielectrophoresis Cell Sorter Device

We present a method to quantify and enhance separation of binary cells mixture in the microfluidic device using high frequency dielectrophoresis (>20 MHz). At these frequencies, the DEP response depends primarily on the dielectric properties of the cytoplasm. In order to achieve efficient separation, there must be a difference in the intrinsic dielectric properties of the populations to be sorted. For algae cells, the shift in high frequency dielectrophoresis response during lipid accumulation can be used as a basis of separation. We defined a separability parameter based on the expected difference in the dielectrophoresis responses of the algae cells.Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells were cultured in regular media and then the same cells were cultured under nitrogenfree conditions to accumulate neutral (non-polar) lipids. Separability of microalgae cells with different lipid content via high frequency dielectrophoresis were investigated by a thin needle shaped electrodes patterned by standard photolithographic and wet etching procedures. Experimental separability factors were measured by estimation of relative lipid content with BODIPY 505/515 fluorescence dye and calculating the area-weighted intensity average of fluorescent images. Theoretical separability parameter was calculated using analytical analysis of single shell model by MATLAB.Theoretical and experimental separability parameters, as tools to determine the optimal separation method, were calculated for microalgae cells with different lipid content. This objective function was maximized in the range of 35–45 MHz for C. reinhardtii cells after 21 days of lipid accumulation in a static separation. In order to design a continuous cell sorter device, the theoretical separation factor was maximized based on differences in the magnitude or the direction of the DEP force.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Economic Departments and Their Contributions to the Elite Economic Journals

Given the prestige enjoyed by several economic departments, there is a natural curiosity regarding their contributions to the economic literature. This paper analyzes the appearance of all academic institutions worldwide in the eight leading economic journals, the "Blue Ribbon Eight," from 1991 to 2005. We cite those institutions who appear the most, and analyze the composition of appearances across all eight journals to assess their degree of diversity. While it is tempting to use these measures as a ranking of institutions, the analysis is meant to be purely an historical appreciation of the contributions of these admirable institutions.
Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Routes to Films of Transparent Conducting Oxides

This contribution reports the in situ growth of transparent, conducting GaxIn2−xO3 and ZnkIn2Ok+3 films by MOCVD (metal-organic chemical vapor deposition) techniques using In(dpm)3, Ga(dpm)3, and Zn(dpm)2 (dpm = dipivaloylmethanate) as volatile precursors. In the former series, film microstructure in the x = 0.4 - 1.0 range is predominantly cubic with 25° C electrical conductivities as high as 1300 S/cm (n-type; carrier density = 1.2 × 1020 cm−3, mobility = 68 cm2/Vs) and optical transparency in the visible region greater than that of ITO. In the latter series, films in the composition range K = 0.16 − 3.60 were studied; the microstructural systematics are rather complex. Electrical conductivities (25° C) as high as 1000 S/cm (n-type; carrier density = 3.7 × 1020 cm−3, mobility = 18.6 cm2/Vs) for K = 0.66 were measured. The optical transparency window is significantly broader than that of ITO.
Effect of Water Adsorption on Retention of Structure and Surface Area of Metal–Organic Frameworks

This work presents an experimental investigation of water adsorption in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) at room temperature and up to 90% relative humidity. Structural degradation of the materials after regeneration is analyzed via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and nitrogen adsorption measurements. MOFs with open metal sites are quite hydrophilic but appear to maintain their structure according to PXRD. However, significant surface area loss indicates that decomposition is occurring and is likely an attribute of oxygen presence during the regeneration procedure. Materials with copper paddle-wheel (HKUST-1), 5-coordinated magnesium (Mg MOF-74), and 7-coordinated zirconium (UiO-66(-NH2)) maintain good structural stability, while Zn-COOH containing MOFs (DMOF-1; DMOF-1-NH2; UMCM-1) undergo complete loss of crystallinity.
Chapter 7 – DNA Sequence-Specific Transcription Factors

This chapter discusses DNA sequence-specific transcription factors. The development of the immune response depends on the transcriptional activation of gene collectives that result in the expansion of cell lineages and the expression of gene products that function within, on the surface, and, via secretion, on remote target cells. The activation of transcription depends on numerous protein factors that target chromatin and DNA. In many cases these are rendered functionally competent as a result of extracellular signaling through surface receptors. The transcription factors involved in messenger RNA synthesis represent a collection of proteins that use diverse mechanisms to regulate gene expression. The factors are grossly categorized as either general or specific. General factors are involved in the expression of most, if not all, RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent protein coding genes. These factors include proteins such as the TFIIA, IIB, TATA binding protein (TBP) and its associated factors (TAFs) that constitute TFIID, the mediator complex that recruits Pol II, and numerous other factors involved in the process of transcription activation, elongation, and termination. The chapter presents classification of specific factor superfamilies. Modulation of factor activity and methodologies for measuring transcription factors are explained.
Antonin Artaud (1896–1948)

Artaud had opted for a theatre that worked on the nerves and senses, and rejected one which sought to speak to the intellect alone. His Theatre of Cruelty, as described in his essays and manifestos (1931–35) published in The Theatre and its Double (1938), derides everything that is logical and suggests a search be made to seek out the ‘marvellous’, the hidden and mysterious forces within humankind and nature. ‘Beware of your logic, Sirs, beware of your logic,’ he wrote, ‘you don’t know to what lengths our hatred for the logical can lead us.’1 Artaud’s attacks on reason in the arts, on education, and on conventional modes of thinking in general reflected perfectly his own mental deficiencies and explain in part his affinity with the Surrealists. What was faulty within Artaud’s psychological makeup was his inability to think in a Cartesian manner. Hence his rejection of the status quo en bloc. For him, more than for the Surrealists, his attitude disclosed an unconscious desire to banish everything that smacked of normality. With the reign of the illogical, Artaud would be one of many, like the others; no longer a recluse, tormented by the vast gulf that separated him from society.
SYSTEM ENTITY STRUCTURES

This chapter discusses the use of the Systems Entity Structure (SES) to specify hierarchical models and to organize them for reuse from an archival model base. We illustrate these concepts in modelling and simulating simple computer architectures. We begin with a review of SES concepts. Recall that a knowledge representation scheme for managing a family of models must support the following three relationships: decomposition, taxonomy, and coupling. Knowledge about decomposition means that there are schemes for representing the manner in which an object is decomposed into components. The schemes are hierarchical since components themselves may be decomposed into subcomponents, and so on, to a depth determined by the modeller's objectives. The requirement for ta,xonomic knowledge means that there must be a method of organizing the different kinds of objects, i.e., how they can be categorized and sub classified. For example, a scheme could “know” that automobile transmissions are automatic or manual, and that the latter can be of the four-speed or five-speed variety. The requirement for coupling knowledge means that there must be a way of representing how models are coupled together and what constraints apply to component combinations.
Twenty-Four Channel FM-TV Transmission Over 200km Using Three Cascaded Praseodymium-Doped Fluoride Fiber Amplifiers

We report the investigation of a twenty-four channel FM-SCM TV transmission system incorporating 200km of conventional fibre, cascaded PDFFAs and a directly modulated DFB-LD transmitter.
Proteomic Strategies for Understanding Cardiac Function, Development, and Disease

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews some of the major contributions in the field, focusing particularly on the usefulness of proteomics as a tool for cardiac transcription factor identification. Sequencing the human genome has brought to light an abundance of novel genes with unknown functions, and parallel RNA and protein studies have shown that pre- and post-translational modifications allow a single gene to encode multiple protein products. Because the functional complexity of an organism far exceeds the complexity of its genome, proteomics—analysis of the protein complement of tissues, cells and subcellular compartments—has emerged as a powerful tool to understand the dynamic behavior of cells. The potential applications of proteomics in cardiac analysis include: detection of altered protein expression or modifications associated with cardiac dysfunction; identification of cardiac-specific autoantigens in heart disease and post-transplantation; elucidation of the proteins, signaling pathways, and mechanisms involved in normal and dysfunctional cardiac biology; elucidation of signaling pathways involved in mobilizing cardiac stem cells for repair of the damaged myocardium; and analysis of protein changes during cardiac development. This chapter will review some of the major contributions in the field, focusing particularly on the usefulness of proteomics as a tool for cardiac transcription factor identification.
A Statistical Learning Framework for Materials Science: Application to Elastic Moduli of k-nary Inorganic Polycrystalline Compounds.

Materials scientists increasingly employ machine or statistical learning (SL) techniques to accelerate materials discovery and design. Such pursuits benefit from pooling training data across, and thus being able to generalize predictions over, k-nary compounds of diverse chemistries and structures. This work presents a SL framework that addresses challenges in materials science applications, where datasets are diverse but of modest size, and extreme values are often of interest. Our advances include the application of power or Holder means to construct descriptors that generalize over chemistry and crystal structure, and the incorporation of multivariate local regression within a gradient boosting framework. The approach is demonstrated by developing SL models to predict bulk and shear moduli (K and G, respectively) for polycrystalline inorganic compounds, using 1,940 compounds from a growing database of calculated elastic moduli for metals, semiconductors and insulators. The usefulness of the models is illustrated by screening for superhard materials.
Fatal Statin-Induced Rhabdomyolysis by Possible Interaction with Palbociclib.

A 63 year old female on prior statin therapy was initiated on palbociclib and fulvestrant for the treatment of metastatic, hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. She subsequently developed sudden progressive muscle weakness that progressed to death within weeks. The patient noticed progressive proximal muscle weakness after two cycles of palbociclib, with no other medication changes in the interim. This rapidly progressed and resulted in death within seven days of presentation to hospital. There has been one previous report of rhabdmyolysis with palbociclib, occurring in a patient on concomitant statin. In this report, we discuss the possible aetiologies of this progressive rhabdomyolysis including time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 or inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters, e.g. OATP1B1.
Providers' Experiences with Vaginal Dilator Training for Patients with Vaginal Agenesis.

Abstract Study Objective To examine providers' experiences with vaginal dilator training for patients with vaginal agenesis. Design and Setting Anonymous electronic survey. Participants Members of the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures How providers learn about vaginal dilator training, common techniques, and methods used for patient training, assessment of patient readiness, common patient complaints, issues leading to early discontinuation. Results There were a total of 55 completed survey responses of which 31 respondents (56%) had been in practice for more than 10 years. Forty-nine were gynecologists (89%), 20 had completed a fellowship in pediatric and adolescent gynecology (36%), and 6 were reproductive endocrinologists (11%). Thirty-one respondents had first learned about vaginal dilator training through lectures (56%) whereas only 9 through mentorship and fellowship (16%). According to respondents, the most common issue leading to early discontinuation was lack of patient motivation and readiness (n = 42; 76%). The most common complication was pain or discomfort (n = 45; 82%). More than half of respondents determined dilator therapy was successful when patients reported comfortable sexual intercourse (n = 30; 55%) and 65% (n = 35) did not delineate any restrictions to initiation of sexual intercourse. Most respondents (87%) requested further vaginal dilator training at either a clinical meeting (n = 26; 47%) or with a training video (n = 22; 40%). Conclusion Our study in an experienced cohort of pediatric gynecology providers highlights the need for further research and training on vaginal dilation education.
Improved integral formulae for supersonic reconstruction of the acoustic field

AbstractIn this work we derive surface integral formulae for the frequency dependent power operator in arbitrary geometries. This operator is combined with layer representations and measured pressure (or normal velocity) near-field holograms to construct a non-negative intensity distribution quantifying the areas of the vibrating structure that produce radiation to the far-field. It is demonstrated that the sound producing regions of the structure are clearly revealed using the derived formulae and that the spatial resolution is limited to a half-wavelength. We validate our methodology using numerically generated data that corresponds to the excitation of an elastic spherical shell by a point force.
The electronic origins of alloy phase stability

The program entitled Accelerated Supercomputer Initiative (ASCI) aims at the utilization of state-of-the-art computational architecture for the study and simulation of materials properties relevant to the enduring stockpile. In order to carry out these calculations, it is necessary to have in hand a well-developed theoretical understanding of the corresponding computational algorithms. In this paper, we review some central elements of such theoretical developments as they relate to the study of phase stability of metallic alloys. These developments are based on the determination of the electronic structure of the alloys and related properties, such as total energies at zero temperature (ground-state energies). Parameters extracted from such calculations are then used to carry out the study of thermodynamic quantities such as ordering tendencies of the alloys and concentration–temperature–pressure phase diagrams. The results of numerical calculations carried out with respect to alloys of the transition metals are used to illustrate the methodology described here. When the methodology is extended to the materials of relevance to the stockpile it becomes evident that the difficulties of its numerical implementation increase rapidly, soon demanding the capabilities of massively parallel architectures and large memory capacity, thus being ideally suited for the framework of ASCI.
Enhancing innovation and underlying neural mechanisms via cognitive training in healthy older adults

Non-invasive interventions, such as cognitive training (CT) and physical exercise, are gaining momentum as ways to augment both cognitive and brain function throughout life. One of the most fundamental yet little studied aspects of human cognition is innovative thinking, especially in older adults. In this study, we utilize a measure of innovative cognition that examines both the quantity and quality of abstracted interpretations. This randomized pilot trial in cognitively normal adults (56-75 years) compared the effect of cognitive reasoning training (SMART) on innovative cognition as measured by Multiple Interpretations Measure (MIM). We also examined brain changes in relation to MIM using two MRI-based measurement of arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to measure default mode and central executive network (CEN) synchrony at rest. Participants (N = 58) were randomized to the CT, physical exercise (physical training, PT) or control (CN) group where CT and PT groups received training for 3 h/week over 12 weeks. They were assessed at baseline-, mid- and post-training using innovative cognition and MRI measures. First, the CT group showed significant gains pre- to post-training on the innovation measure whereas the physical exercise and control groups failed to show significant gains. Next, the CT group showed increased CBF in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), two nodes within the Default Mode Network (DMN) compared to physical exercise and control groups. Last, significant correlations were found between innovation performance and connectivity of two major networks: CEN (positive correlation) and DMN (negative correlation). These results support the view that both the CEN and DMN are important for enhancement of innovative cognition. We propose that neural mechanisms in healthy older adults can be modified through reasoning training to better subserve enhanced innovative cognition.
Homicide Arrest Rate Trends in the United States: The Contributions of Periods and Cohorts (1965–2015)

To determine the contributions of period effects (controlling for ages and cohorts) and cohort effects (controlling for ages and periods) to the changes in the homicide arrest rates in the United States over the time span from 1965 to 2015. This determination faces the age–period–cohort identification problem: the linear trends of these three factors are linearly dependent and there are an infinite number of solutions that fit the data equally well. I address this problem in multiple ways: by setting reasonable bounds around the age-distribution of homicide arrests using constrained estimates, presenting estimable functions that are identified, and by using an age–period–cohort–characteristic model. The cohort effects on homicide arrest rates have on average trended upward since the cohort born in 1945–1949; and the period coefficients have on average trended downward since 1965, but trended upward during the mid-1960s to the early-1970s. These trends over time are somewhat different depending on the bounds under consideration. Theories that posit period effects as responsible for at least part of the drop in homicide rates from 1990 to 2015 and the increase in homicide rates from the mid-1960s to the early-1970 are consistent with this analysis. Cohort effects worked in the opposite direction of the period effects for the years from 1990 to 2015. The existence of both sets of effects has implications for criminological theories and for policy prescriptions.
Presurgical Nasal Molding With a Nasal Spring in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Nasal Deformity With Incomplete Unilateral Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate:

Objective:Traditional nasoalveolar molding (NAM) requires steep learning curve for clinicians and significant compliance from parents. Nasal springs have been developed by the author to simplify pr...
On Bayes factors for the linear model

SummaryWe show that the Bayes factor for testing whether a subset of coefficients are zero in the normal linear regression model gives the uniformly most powerful test amongst the class of invariant tests discussed in Lehmann & Romano (2005) if the prior distributions for the regression coefficients are in a specific class of distributions. The priors in this class can have any elliptical distribution, with a specific scale matrix, for the subset of coefficients that are being tested. We also show under mild conditions that the Bayes factor gives the uniformly most powerful invariant test only if the prior for the coefficients being tested is an elliptical distribution with this scale matrix. The implications are discussed.
Store Location in Shopping Centers: Theory and Estimates

This paper develops a formal theory of store location within shopping centers based on bid rent theory. The bid rent model is fully specified and solved with the objective function of profit maximization in the presence of comparative, multipurpose and impulse shopping behavior. Several hypotheses result about the optimal relationships between store types, sizes, rents, sales, and distances from the mall center. The hypotheses are tested and confirmed using data from a sample of 689 leases in eight regional and super-regional shopping centers, suggesting that a bid rent explanation is consistent with observed location patterns in malls.
The food retrieval tactics of the ant Pheidole fallax Mayr

1. Pheidole fallax is a common Jamaican ant that is capable of retrieving large whole food items. 2. When the food item is large, soldiers are also recruited and are capable of protecting the food against competitors or even displacing competitors. 3. There is no difference in worker recruitment rate to clumped or dispersed food sources. However, more workers do tend to accumulate at the clumped resource. 4. In comparison to the dispersed food source, more soldiers are attracted to the clumped resource. 5. The use of mass food retrieval and soldier recruitment appears to be useful adaptations that compensate for the costs associated with worker recruitment systems.
A SURVEY OF DANIELL INTEGRATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a survey of Daniell integration. Most of the usual elementary data in integration theory can be integrated by upper gauges: Radon measures and σ-additive set functions, and some stochastic integrals and weakly compact linear maps. It is advantageous to use Daniell integration. In each of these cases, it is sufficient to show that the measure or map in question can be majorized by an upper gauge to obtain its full integration theory. The usual sequential limit theorems then follow from the theory of upper gauges, established once and for all. Yet, despite its simplicity and versatility, Daniell's method is not en vogue. Bourbaki's definition via the Lusin property is very intuitive and technically easy to handle. However, it is applicable only in the presence of a topology having many metrically large compact sets.
MG-160, a Sialoglycoprotein of the Medial Cisternae of the Golgi Apparatus, Is Closely Related to a Receptor of Fibroblast Growth Factors and to a Ligand for E-Selectin. Functional Implications

MG-160, a membrane sialoglycoprotein of the medial cisternae of the rat Golgi apparatus, was identified and isolated with the use of an organelle specific antibody (Gonatas et al. 1989). A polyclonal antiserum against MG-160, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from rat brain, reacted with the Golgi apparatus of several species including human (Croul et al. 1990).
Chapter 1.19: Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Thin Film: CdTe

The chapter reviews the history, development, and present processes used to fabricate thin-film, CdTe-based photovoltaic (PV) devices. It is intended for readers who are generally familiar with the operation and material aspects of PV devices but desire a deeper understanding of the process sequences used in CdTe PV technology. The discussion identifies why certain processes may have commercial production advantages and how the various process steps can interact with each other to affect device performance and reliability. The chapter concludes with a discussion of considerations of large-area CdTe PV deployment including issues related to material availability and energy-payback time.
Expression of ABCA4 in the retinal pigment epithelium and its implications for Stargardt macular degeneration.

Recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1) is an inherited blinding disorder caused by mutations in the Abca4 gene. ABCA4 is a flippase in photoreceptor outer segments (OS) that translocates retinaldehyde conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine across OS disc membranes. Loss of ABCA4 in Abca4−/− mice and STGD1 patients causes buildup of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and degeneration of photoreceptors, leading to blindness. No effective treatment currently exists for STGD1. Here we show by several approaches that ABCA4 is additionally expressed in RPE cells. (i) By in situ hybridization analysis and by RNA-sequencing analysis, we show the Abca4 mRNA is expressed in human and mouse RPE cells. (ii) By quantitative immunoblotting, we show that the level of ABCA4 protein in homogenates of wild-type mouse RPE is about 1% of the level in neural retina homogenates. (iii) ABCA4 immunofluorescence is present in RPE cells of wild-type and Mertk−/− but not Abca4−/− mouse retina sections, where it colocalizes with endolysosomal proteins. To elucidate the role of ABCA4 in RPE cells, we generated a line of genetically modified mice that express ABCA4 in RPE cells but not in photoreceptors. Mice from this line on the Abca4−/− background showed partial rescue of photoreceptor degeneration and decreased lipofuscin accumulation compared with nontransgenic Abca4−/− mice. We propose that ABCA4 functions to recycle retinaldehyde released during proteolysis of rhodopsin in RPE endolysosomes following daily phagocytosis of distal photoreceptor OS. ABCA4 deficiency in the RPE may play a role in the pathogenesis of STGD1.
Evaluation of Brassica carinata meal on ruminant metabolism and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in beef steers1,2.

Brassica carinata is a new oilseed crop with the potential of producing high-quality jet biofuel. A high-protein meal (~40% crude protein) is obtained as a byproduct of hexane-solvent oil extraction; however, limited research is available on the use of this meal as a protein supplement for beef cattle. A duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design was used to determine the effects of supplementation with B. carinata meal on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, and blood metabolites in beef cattle consuming bahiagrass hay (Paspalum notatum Flugge), compared with frequently used protein supplements. Eight Angus crossbred steers (473 ± 119 kg initial BW) were randomly allocated to 8 pens, over 4 periods of 28-d each. Within period, steers were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) 1.62 kg/d cottonseed meal (CSM); 2) 2.15 kg/d dry distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS); 3) 1.39 kg/d B. carinata meal pellets (BCM); or 4) 1.17 kg/d soybean meal (SBM), supplemented daily, on an isonitrogenous basis. Steers had ad libitum access to bahiagrass hay and water. Intake was measured using the GrowSafe system. Following a 14-d adaptation, feed and fecal samples were collected to determine apparent total tract nutrient digestibility using indigestible NDF as an internal marker. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected before providing the protein supplements and then every 3 h, during a 24-h period, to analyze urea nitrogen (PUN) and glucose in plasma, as well as ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and VFA concentrations. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with repeated measures. Model included the fixed effects of treatment, time, treatment × time, square, and period, and the random effects of steer(square) and steer(treatment). No effect of treatment (P > 0.05) was observed for pH, NH3-N, or glucose concentration. An effect of treatment (P 0.05) on intake or apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Brassica carinata performed similarly to commonly used protein supplements indicating its viability as a protein supplement for beef cattle.
Ventilatory pattern variability as a biometric for severity of acute lung injury in rats.

Abstract We hypothesize that ventilatory pattern variability (VPV) varies with the magnitude of acute lung injury (ALI). In adult male rats, we instilled a low- or high- dose of bleomycin or saline (PBS) intratracheally. While representative samples of pulmonary tissue indicated graded lung injury, coefficient of variation (CV) of TTOT did not differ among the 3 groups. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), respiratory rate (fR), mutual information were greater in ALI than sham rats; but did not differ between bleomycin doses. However, nonlinear complexity index (NLCI), which is the difference in sample entropy between original and surrogate data sets was greater for high- versus low- dose; but did not differ between low-dose and sham groups. Further, NLCI correlated to an injury index based on protein concentration of BALF and failure to gain weight. Finally, Receiver Operator Curves (ROCs) indicated that both mutual information and NLCI had greater sensitivity and specificity than fR and CVTTOT in identifying ALI. Thus, nonlinear analyses of VPV can distinguish ALI and out performs fR as a biometric.
Transport in Plasma Membrane Vesicles — Approaches and Perspectives

Preparations of isolated vesicles represent an ideal system for the study of transport processes associated with native membranes. With this approach, it is possible to characterize single transport systems without the complications associated with examining transport in the intact cell. Since the vesicles are not associated with the metabolic machinery of the cell, solute transport can be studied in the absence of metabolic transformation or compartmentation and the energy supply to drive transport (e.g., ATP) can be added exogenously.
Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Pain in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with many systemic comorbidities, including sensory dysfunctions. A growing body of literature explored patients’ unusually intense reactions to innocuous sensory stimuli but very little is known about ASD patients’ response to noxious stimuli such as pain. Patients with ASD are thought to have low sensitivity to pain, but currently, there is no clear consensus on pain responsivity/sensitivity/expression in patients with ASD. Pain is likely a significant source of suffering for patients with ASD, but limited literature suggest that it may be underdiagnosed and undertreated, due to patients’ potentially abnormal reaction to pain/pain expression, and their limited social communication skills. In this article, we first discuss the abnormalities in pain sensitivity and expression, two key obstacles in pain management for patients with autism. Next, we explore currently available tools in pain diagnosis for patients with autism. The third, we discuss pain management in autism patient with an emphasis on the perioperative setting where literature is most abundant. Last, we call for further research and offer suggestions for implementing better pain assessment and management protocols based on our understanding of this unique population.
Examining the Pedagogical Approaches in Five Curriculum Programs

This chapter explores the pedagogical approach incorporated into each of the five curriculum programs we analyzed (The five programs are Everyday Mathematics (EM), Investigations in Number, Data, and Space (INV), Math in Focus (MIF), Math Trailblazers (MTB), and Scott Foresman–Addison Wesley Mathematics (SFAW). See Chap. 1 for more details about the programs.). Specifically, we consider explicit and implicit messages about how students should interact with mathematics, one another, the teacher, and the textbook around these mathematical ideas. The analysis considers the role the teacher is expected to play and the corresponding roles the textbooks and students play in shaping these interactions. Following Hiebert and colleagues’ notion that teaching is an interactive system, involving a constellation of interrelated features, we present the approach of each program in a holistic profile, which overviews five dimensions: participant structures, nature of student work, role of the teacher, sources of knowledge, and cognitive demand of tasks. We also consider ways that these features bolster or moderate one another. Using a dialogic-to-direct instruction continuum characterized by Munter and colleagues, we highlight several key differences of the pedagogical approaches across the five programs. We also discuss ways that a single continuum is insufficient for characterizing the way pedagogical approach is represented in teacher’s guides.
Gyromagnetic Ratio of the 10 -8 -sec State of Ta 181

The gyromagnetic ratio of the 482-kev state of ${\mathrm{Ta}}^{181}$(${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$-sec) has been measured by angular correlation techniques and found to be +1.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 nuclear units.
Abstract P6-08-32: Genetic variation and the role of multi-gene testing for hereditary breast cancer: A single institution experience

Introduction: The introduction of multi-gene testing for hereditary forms of breast cancer has changed the clinical approach to genetic testing for breast cancer patients. Recent consensus guideline now recommends genetic testing for all patients with a personal history of breast cancer and updated testing to those who have had negative germline BRCA 1 and 2 testing. This is a single institutional experience regarding the use and outcomes of multi-gene testing and updated testing. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of germline multi-gene testing for breast cancer patients at our institution. Information on tumor histology, personal and family history of cancer, age at diagnosis, and genetic testing information was obtained through records review. Results: Between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018, 1568 breast cancer patients were diagnosed or treated at our institution. Of those, 26% of the patients had genetic results (age range 23-87; median age 52; Conclusion: Multi-gene testing and expanded panel testing of all breast cancer patients could increase the detection of pathogenic variants and may have a potential clinical impact for patients and their family. Further understanding of genetic patterns and variation in multi-gene testing is needed. Increasing public awareness and decreasing the cost of genetic testing are also important to improve the rates of multi-gene testing. Citation Format: Kit Yu Lu, Meagan Smith, Julia Verbiar, Haleigh Minor, Jennifer Lapse, Latesha Blair, Lisa Torp. Genetic variation and the role of multi-gene testing for hereditary breast cancer: A single institution experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-32.
Rumelt (1991) Revisited: Does Industry Really Matter More Than Corporate?

In a classic paper, Rumelt (1991) conducted variance components analysis on a sample of U.S. firms from 1974 to 1977 and concluded corporate effects to have almost no importance in explaining varia...
Utilizing Medical Students As Patient Mentors: An Intervention to Improve Transition Readiness in Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease

Background:Advances in medical care have resulted in nearly 95% of all children with sickle cell disease (SCD) living to adulthood. Standardized transition programming does not currently exist, resulting in high rates of mortality and morbidity among young adults (YA) during the transition period. Mentoring and social support have been used to impact health behavior change. Medical student mentors can serve as mentors offering specialized support for YA. This study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a medical student mentor intervention to improve transition outcomes for YAs with SCD. Methods:24 YA with sickle cell disease and 9 medical student mentors enrolled in the intervention. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention was assessed through enrollment rates, reasons for refusal, retention rates, engagement with the intervention, satisfaction, and reasons for drop-out. The preliminary efficacy of the intervention among patient participants was assessed using dependent t-tests to evaluate changes in transition readiness, health related quality of life, self-efficacy, SCD knowledge medication adherence, and health literacy. Among medical student mentor participants, changes in attitudes towards chronic illness and SCD knowledge were explored. Results:Patient participants demonstrated adequate enrollment (63.2%), retention (75.0%), and adherence to the intervention (88.3%) and rated the intervention components highly. Patient participants demonstrated significant improvements in transition readiness (p= .001), self-efficacy (p= .002), medication adherence (p= .02), and health literacy (p= .05). Medical students also demonstrated significant improvements in SCD knowledge (p= .01). Discussion:A medical student mentor intervention to facilitate transition from pediatric to adult care for young adults with SCD is both feasible and acceptable to patients and medical students. Preliminary evidence suggests such an intervention may provide dual benefit for both patients and students. A randomized controlled trial is needed to evaluate efficacy. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Nanocarrier-loaded block copolymer dual domain organogels

Abstract Loaded polymer gels are prevalent materials in the controlled release community and, fairly recently, have been formulated to include nanocarrier domains such as micelles and vesicles. One mechanism used to establish the solid-like characteristic of gels is block copolymer self-assembly, which can result in a system-spanning, physically-crosslinked network. The combination of nanocarrier and crosslink domain presence offers gels with a rich nanoscale phase space capable of intricate macroscopic property tuning. The current manuscript provides an overview of nanocarrier-loaded block copolymer organogels wherein nanocarriers are reverse micelles formed by sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), the block copolymer is a styrenic ABA triblock copolymer, and the gel solvent is aliphatic mineral oil. This introductory overview starts by identifying the envelope in ternary phase space wherein nanocarrier-loaded block copolymer organogels form (2–49 wt% triblock copolymer and 8x10−3-1 wt% AOT). Next, a detailed nanostructural description of gels varying in AOT and triblock copolymer concentration is presented. The manuscript concludes with demonstration of AOT reverse micelle release and gel uniaxial tensile response for gels containing 0–1 wt% AOT and 5–40 wt% styrenic triblock copolymer.
Challenges of Detecting Lead in Drinking Water Using at-Home Test Kits.

Lead in drinking water remains a significant human health risk. At-home lead in water test kits could provide consumers with a convenient and affordable option to evaluate this risk, but their accu...
Biomolecular Condensates and Their Links to Cancer Progression.

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged in recent years as an important physicochemical process for organizing diverse processes within cells via the formation of membraneless organelles termed biomolecular condensates. Emerging evidence now suggests that the formation and regulation of biomolecular condensates are also intricately linked to cancer formation and progression. We review the most recent literature linking the existence and/or dissolution of biomolecular condensates to different hallmarks of cancer formation and progression. We then discuss the opportunities that this condensate perspective provides for cancer research and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, including the perturbation of condensates by small-molecule inhibitors.
CAD and MODAPTS Models for Assessing Localized Fatigue

This work demonstrates the use of CAD-based workstation models that describe the spatial aspects and predetermined time systems, specifically MODAPTS, that show the temporal aspects of a given job provide an underlying model assessing localized fatigue with respect the ACGIH TLV®. This work shows that CAD and predetermined time systems can provide an underlying model for predicting and interpreting WMSD risk. It also provides a framework for interpreting observation-based results, for identifying specific risk factors, and for designing engineering interventions.
Annotated Atlases: Unraveling Hidden Stories of Provenance

This study, demonstrating that the annotations in many older atlases can provide evidence for unraveling intriguing and historically significant stories related to their provenance, is intended to ...
Just looking: The innocent eye in neuroscience

Since the early days of neuroscience, students have been instructed to "just look" at their data with innocent eyes, and more recently with innocent algorithms. I argue that this epistemic attitude obscures the ubiquitous role that theory plays in neuroscience.
Lyme Arthritis of the Pediatric Elbow

Introduction: Lyme disease is the most common tick borne illness in the United States. Due to their similar presentation, Lyme arthritis and septic arthritis are difficult to differentiate. However, their treatment is very different. The elbow is rarely the first joint to present with symptoms. Therefore, Lyme disease is not commonly included in the differential diagnosis in children presenting with elbow pain. Below we discuss 4 cases of Lyme presenting in the elbow without a rash. Case Report: Case 1: 14 year old presented with 7 days of elbow pain. …
Multi-scale assessment of metal contamination in residential soil and soil fauna: A case study in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region, USA

a b s t r a c t This study examined the distribution of metals in residential soils from the scale of a residential yard to a metropolitan area by comparing residences along an urbanization gradient in the Baltimore-Washington area, USA. In addition, earthworms and terrestrial isopods were sampled from residential yards to mea- sure body burdens of metals. Soil metal concentrations from lawns and planting bed (road, foundation, and yard) patches were compared (1) among land-use types (inner urban, outer urban, suburban, and rural); (2) between pre- and post-1940 built residential structures; and (3) among yard patch types. Lawn soil concentrations of As, Cd, and Pb varied statistically among the land-use types. Differences between inner urban and rural lawn soils varied almost eight-fold for Pb, three-fold for Cd, and more than two-fold for As. Bed patches exhibited a slightly stronger relationship than lawns across the urbanization gradient. A similar relationship was shown for pre- and post-1940 structures with older having higher concen- trations than post-1940 structures. Earthworm body burdens were statistically correlated with soil Pb, while isopod burdens exhibited a significant relationship with soil As, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn. A post-hoc anal- ysis with bird blood Pb data that was available for the residences, showed a significant relationship with earthworm Pb body burdens. This study suggests that despite policy efforts to reduce metal emissions, contamination of soil persists in urban residences at levels that have health implications for people and wildlife living in the Baltimore-Washington, DC area. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Regulation of synthesis of early enzymes of p-hydroxybenzoate pathway in Pseudomonas putida

Abstract The first two steps in the dissimilation of p-hydroxybenzoate through the β-ketoadipate pathway are (a) conversion of the primary substrate to protocatechuate by a monooxygenase, p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, and (b) conversion of protocatechuate to β-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate by a dioxygenase, protocatechuate oxygenase. p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase is specifically induced by its substrate. Protocatechuate oxygenase can be induced either by its substrate or by p-hydroxybenzoate. Exposure of cells to p-hydroxybenzoate therefore elicits simultaneous but independent inductions of both enzymes. Tests with a wide range of other aromatic acids showed that the specificity of induction of both enzymes is extremely high. No other effective inducers of protocatechuate oxygenase were discovered. A few of the compounds tested could induce slight activity of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, but the levels in all cases were less than 7% of that induced by p-hydroxybenzoate. The kinetic data of induction by p-hydroxybenzoate and by protocatechuate differ. Protocatechuate elicits immediate enzyme synthesis, whereas there is a lag of approximately 20 min before enzyme synthesis in response to p-hydroxybenzoate begins.
En el trasfondo de nuestra cultura: la tradición racionalista y el problema del dualismo ontológico

Resumen es: El presente texto desarrolla una lectura de la tradicion racionalista occidental (cartesiana, abstracta) a partir del marco fenomenologico de la cognicio...
Simultaneous chemical vapor deposition of SiC-dispersed phase composites

Ceramic composites are being developed because they can have high strength and toughness yet retain the normal ceramic attributes of refractoriness and high resistance to abrasion and corrosion. In the present research, toughened ceramic composites were produced by the simultaneous chemical vapor deposition of an SiC matrix and a dispersed phase of TiSi/sub 2/. The morphology of the dispersed phase was found to control the mechanical properties of the composite. Deposition of coatings in a fluidized bed produced a finer and more uniformly dispersed second phase. The conditions within the fluidized bed such as temperature, gas composition, and hydrogen flow also affected the morphology of the TiSi/sub 2/ phase. The fracture toughness values for these composite coatings approached 5.5 MPa..sqrt..m at 25/sup 0/C, which is significantly higher than the toughness value for chemically vapor deposited SiC.
Effects of Cooperative Homework Teams on the Acquisition of Mathematics Skills by Secondary Students with Mild Disabilities

We examined the effects of a homework model, Cooperative Homework Teams (CHT), on three measures of mathematics performance: rate of homework completion, percentage correct on homework, and a norm-referenced global measure of mathematics achievement. Participants, 171 middle school students with mild disabilities (learning disabilities or emotional disturbance), were assigned to either the CHT or a control (C) condition. Significant differences between the conditions were found on the two homework measures, but not on the global measure. Post-hoc analyses indicated that grade level was a mediating factor: CHT was less effective for 6th than for 7th and 8th graders. No significant effects were noted for either type of disability or level of special education service.
Trends in pathology malpractice claims.

Previously reported analyses of pathology malpractice claims reported to The Doctors Company from 1995 through 2003 uncovered repetitive patterns of specimen type and diagnostic category that contributed to claims. To determine whether these patterns had changed, 276 pathology malpractice claims fro