cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Climate Change in the Courts: A US and Global Perspective

Global temperatures continue to rise—year after year new heat records are set; the permafrost is melting and rotting—leading to damaging summer methane emissions; glaciers are receding everywhere; species are endangered—perhaps a quarter of species now on earth will be extinct by mid-century, and half by 2100; incidents of drought, poor water quality, crop losses, landslides, pest inundation, severe storms, raging wildfires, and tropical diseases are increasing and spreading; massive human dislocations—particularly in low-lying coastal areas inundated by rising seas—are already occurring and expected to get worse; deforestation—which also drives climate change—continues at ever rapid pace in the world’s great jungles; in the summer of 2004–2005, the oceans turned from carbon sink to carbon producers (Sinden 2007; Wood 2007; Irwin 2010). We are witnessing the “end of nature” where we have reached a “tipping point” such that the “feedback loops” have been triggered and devastating consequences are unavoidable. The scientific community is certain to a very high degree that the cause of these harms is anthropogenic (McKibben 1989; Sinden 2007; IPCC 2007). The anthropogenic impact on Earth has grown so massive that we have come to an epochal moment (Irwin 2010).
Tests for Circulating Immune Complexes

Antigen-antibody complexes in tissues play a central role in the pathogenesis of lupus. Some of the immune complexes are formed in situ, i.e., in the tissues. Others are present in the blood stream, and these circulating immune complexes may deposit in tissues and incite inflammatory mechanisms in those tissues. A variety of techniques are available to measure circulating immune complexes. The assays that have been most studied in SLE include approaches that rely on the interaction of immune complexes with complement proteins, and therefore bind to C1q or contain bound C3. In the process of investigating circulating immune complexes, it was recognized that lupus patients generate serum autoantibodies directed against C1q and other complement proteins. Antibodies reacting with the collagen-like region of C1q are known to be closely linked both clinically and pathophysiologically to lupus nephritis. This chapter describes methods for detection of C1q-binding immune complexes via the C1q solid-phase assay and the related test for autoantibodies to C1q.
Robustness of Location Estimators in the Presence of an Outlier

The bias and mean square error of various location estimators, expressible as linear functions of order statistics, are studied when an unidentified single outlier is present in a sample of size n. Specific attention is paid to the cases when the outlier comes from a population differing from the target population either in location or scale. When, in addition, the target population is normal, exact numerical results have been obtained for n = 5, 10, 20 and are presented here for n = 10. The estimators included are the mean, median, trimmed means, Winsorized means, linearly weighted means, and Gastwirth mean.
Molecular Mechanism of Pyrimidine Dimer Excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Studies with Intact Cells and Cell-Free Systems

We have investigated a number of aspects of the excision of pyrimidine dimers from the DNA of wild-type and UV sensitive mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our studies show that a number of rad mutants in the RAD3 group (rad1-2, rad1-11; rad2-2, rad2-4; rad3−l; rad4−2, rad4−3) that are defective relative to wild-type strains in pyrimidine dimer excision in vivo, are also defective in the production of single strand breaks in their DNA during post-UV incubation. The presence of UV-induced incubation-independent single-strand breaks prevents definitive conclusions regarding the role of various RAD loci in the incision process but provides evidence of a biochemical subdivision in the RAD3 group loci. Using UV irradiated DNA preincised with dimer-specific endonuclease activity from Micrococcus luteus, we have also detected enzymatic activity from extracts of wild-type yeast that catalyzes the selective excision of thymine-containing pyrmidine dimers. Normal levels of this activity are present in all mutant strains thus far examined (rad1-11; rad2-4; rad3−l; rad4−3).
Culturally Effective Practice With Refugees in Community Health Centers: An Exploratory Study

The global refugee crisis requires providers of health and behavioral health services to develop culturally-effective practices that can meet the needs of the ever-changing demographics of those being resettled. Community health centers in the United States are often asked to provide services during the first year of resettlement for refugees. Social workers are among those professionals who provide the behavioral health services in the community health centers. To better understand the challenges for these providers, this qualitative study examines the experiences of 15 providers of refugee behavioral health services at community health centers in the northeast of the United States. The participants were interviewed, and those transcribed interviews were analyzed for themes. Findings revealed three main themes: client engagement as crucial; collaboration with interpreters; and cultural competence is an imperative but ill-defined. Important implications focus on the need for cultural competence and the challenge to obtain this competence given the resources and demands in community health centers.
Chronic Pain Self-Management Program for Low-Income Patients: Themes from a Qualitative Inquiry

Objective To examine factors influencing initial engagement, ongoing participation, learned behaviors, and subjective functional outcomes after a trial of the Living Better Beyond Pain (LBBP) chronic pain self-management program. Design Qualitative study using the Grounded Theory approach. Setting Two 60-minute focus groups and phone interviews in May 2017. Subjects Focus groups with 18 participants who completed LBBP and six-month measures; telephone interviews with 17 participants who stopped attending. Methods Study coordinators randomly selected program completers for focus groups and conducted phone interviews with noncompleters. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in semantic content with a recursive process applied to focus group transcripts and interview transcriptions to codify into themes. Themes were categorized according to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Results Focus group and telephone interview participants were primarily Hispanic and unemployed. Attitudes fostering participation in LBBP included dissatisfaction with the status quo, need to reduce pain medication, and lack of training and knowledge about chronic pain. Positive social norms from meeting others with chronic pain and support from the LBBP team encouraged attendance and adoption of behaviors. Transportation, pain, and competing activities were barriers, whereas adapting activities for the disabled was a facilitator. Maintaining behaviors and activities at home was challenging but ultimately rewarding due to improvement in daily function with less pain medication. Conclusions This qualitative study complements quantitative results showing clinically significant improvements in function after the LBBP program by adding practical insights into ways to increase participation and outcomes. Participants strongly endorsed the need for chronic pain self-management training.
Objective Evaluation of Whole Body Kinematics in a Simulated, Restrained Frontal Impact.

The use of human body models as an additional data point in the evaluation of human-machine interaction requires quantitative validation. In this study a validation of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) average male occupant model (M50-O v. 4.5) in a restrained frontal sled test environment is presented. For vehicle passengers, frontal crash remains the most common mode, and the most common source of fatalities. A total of 55-time history traces of reaction loads and kinematics from the model were evaluated against corresponding PMHS data (n = 5). Further, the model’s sensitivity to the belt path was studied by replicating two documented PMHS cases with prominent lateral and medial belt paths respectively. Results were quantitatively evaluated using open source CORA software. A tradeoff was observed; better correlation scores were achieved on gross measures (e.g. reaction loads), whereas better corridor scores were achieved on localized measures (rib deflections), indicating that subject specificity may dominate the comparison at localized anatomical regions. On an overall basis, the CORA scores were 0.68, 0.66 and 0.60 for force, body kinematics and chest wall kinematics. Belt force responses received the highest grouped CORA score of 0.85. Head and sternum kinematics earning a 0.8 and 0.7 score respectively. The model demonstrated high sensitivity to belt path, resulting in a 20-point increase in CORA score when the belt was routed closer to analogous location of data collection. The human model demonstrated overall reasonable biofidelity and sensitivity to countermeasures in frontal crash kinematics.
Development of a prognostic model for caries onset and progression from early childhood caries incidence in urban preschool children

Of this prospective cohort study was to assess early childhood caries (ECC) incidence and, based on the data, build a model that not only predicts future ECC onset in clinically caries-free children, but also is prognostic for children with ECC. ECC incidence was assessed at the 12-month follow-up examination on a cohort of 291 preschool children. Weighted general estimation equation (WGEE) was used to estimate the effects of covariates on ds (decayed primary tooth surfaces) and dfs (decayed and filled primary tooth surfaces). The mean dfs at the baseline examination was 0.81. Of the 116 children who completed the study, approximately 22% examined at baseline had ECC (dfs > 0). At 12-months, 36% had ECC with a mean dfs of 2.22. Children with dfs = 0 at baseline had 2.95 fewer ds in the primary dentition at the end of the study than children who had ECC at the baseline examination (dfs > 0) (p 0) (p < 0.0001). ECC incidence at 1 year was 14%. The prevalence of ECC at the 12-month follow-up examination was approximately 36%. The model developed from these data strongly indicate that past caries experience in the primary dentition is a significant predictor of future caries activity and severity, as well as a predictor of future caries onset in clinically caries-free children.
Evidence for an IL-6–high asthma phenotype in asthmatic patients of African ancestry

High circulating IL-6 may define a phenotype of asthma associated with obesity and systemic inflammation. We demonstrate that circulating IL-6 is higher in African-American patients with asthma, and that race-specific thresholds should be considered.
Optical dielectric function of Si(2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2’-yl)pyridine) 2 determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Si(bzimpy)$_2$2, a fluorescent organic complex, has been demonstrated as a potential electron transport and electroluminescent layer for organic electronic devices. Despite the successful synthesis and encouraging electroluminescence at 560 nm, the complex dielectric function of the water-stable complex has not been reported yet. In this letter, we report on the first spectroscopic ellipsometry data obtained from a Si(bzimpy)$_2$2 thin film in the spectral range from 300 nm to 1900 nm (0.65 eV to 4.1 eV). A parameterized model dielectric function composed of a Tauc-Lorentz and Gaussian oscillators is employed to analyze the experimental ellipsometry data. We find a good agreement between the absorption energies observed experimentally here and density functional theory calculations reported earlier.
Roles of Surfactants during Soaking and Post Leak-Off Production Stages of Hydraulic Fracturing Operation in Tight Oil-Wet Rocks

Many experimental studies have been conducted in the recent past to assess the inclusion of different types of surfactant in a frac fluid in hydraulic fracturing of low-permeable formations. These lab studies either corresponded to spontaneous imbibition testing using Amott cells or dynamic core-flooding tests to assess the hydrocarbon permeability after the invasion of the frac fluid. Both these tests have been considered independently by different authors but have not been analyzed as one holistic approach to assess the oil recovery potential of a surfactant. It is prudent to understand the superiority of the specific interfacial mechanism of the surfactant that correlates to the best-case scenario of oil recovery by considering both the tests that lead to leak-off and follow the leak-off of frac fluid into the matrix. In this experimental study, two tests related to soaking and production processes are conducted simultaneously using surfactants with different interfacial properties of interfacial tensi...
Caregiver perception of hand function in infants with cerebral palsy: psychometric properties of the Infant Motor Activity Log

AIM To evaluate the properties of the Infant Motor Activity Log (IMAL), a caregiver-report for frequency and quality of use of more affected upper extremity in infants with neurological and functional impairments. METHOD This was a prospective cohort study of 66 children (34 females, 32 males) aged 6 to 24 months (mean age [SD] 13.7mo [5.3]) with neurological and functional impairments and a confirmed cerebral palsy diagnoses after 2 years, and 51 age-matched typically developing children. The IMAL was administered at baseline and 4 weeks later. Typically developing infants were tested with randomly assigned 'more affected' upper extremity. Psychometric properties were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests. RESULTS In the children with impairments, the IMAL showed internal consistency (alpha≥0.88) for the How Well Scale (HWS) and How Often Scale (HOS). Test-retest reliability was 0.64 (HOS) and 0.70 (HWS), demonstrating stability over time. Correlation with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition more affected arm raw scores were 0.70 (HOS) and 0.72 (HWS) (p<0.001) demonstrating construct validity. Both scale scores decreased with increasing Gross Motor Function Classification System and Mini-Manual Ability Classification System (p<0.001) levels, supporting discriminative validity. Discrimination between typically developing infants and infants with impairments was high (HWS: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94-0.99 and HOS AUC=0.95, CI 0.92-0.99). INTERPRETATION The IMAL is a valid and reliable discriminative caregiver measure of upper limb performance and may complement measures of capacity in infants with neurological and functional impairments. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS The Infant Motor Activity Log (IMAL) is a valid and reliable measure of caregiver perception of upper limb function. The IMAL fills a measurement gap for infant motor performance in children with impairments. The IMAL discriminates among motor function levels.
Das siebte Kreuz (1939 Teildruck; 1942/43), The Seventh Cross (1942)

Das siebte Kreuz entsteht im franzosischen Exil, in das Anna Seghers mit ihrer Familie 1933 flieht. Ein Jahr bevor sie die Arbeit an dem Roman aufnimmt, reist sie 1937 mit der internationalen Schriftstellervereinigung nach Madrid, um dort den Spanischen Burgerkrieg zu unterstutzen; diese Erfahrung fliest in den Roman ein. Die Konzeption des Romans erfolgt im September 1938, die folgenden Monate sind seiner Ausarbeitung gewidmet. Mitte Dezember ist das erste Kapitel abgeschlossen.
Beal, Sophia. The Art of Brasília: 2000-2019. Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

The central argument of The Art of Brasilia: 2000-2019, Sophia Beal’s second book and second contribution to Palgrave Macmillan’s New Directions in Latino American Cultures series, is to correct what Beal considers the outdated reputation of Brasilia as a cultural wasteland. While many artists and scholars have contemplated the birth and infancy of the national capital Juscelino Kubitschek ordered built from scratch in a mere few years (construction began in 1956 and the city was inaugurated in 1960), Beal points out the lack of scholarship dedicated to how Brasilia and its art scene have evolved in the twenty-first century.
Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome and Myocarditis in an Adolescent: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an entity in children initially characterized by milder case presentations and better prognoses as compared with adults. Recent reports, however, raise concern for a new hyperinflammatory entity in a subset of pediatric COVID-19 patients. METHODS: We report a fatal case of confirmed COVID-19 with hyperinflammatory features concerning for both multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and primary COVID-19. RESULTS: This case highlights the ambiguity in distinguishing between these two entities in a subset of pediatric patients with COVID-19-related disease and the rapid decompensation these patients may experience. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate clinical suspicion is necessary for both acute disease and MIS-C. SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests obtained early in the diagnostic process may help to narrow down the differential but does not distinguish between acute COVID-19 and MIS-C. Better understanding of the hyperinflammatory changes associated with MIS-C and acute COVID-19 in children will help delineate the roles for therapies, particularly if there is a hybrid phenotype occurring in adolescents.
A Case Report of a Nerve Sheath Myxoma of the Lower Eyelid in a Young Male

Myxomas are rare, benign tumors of uncertain etiology. Based on the published data, there have been few reported cases of eyelid nerve sheath myxomas and two cases of orbital myxomas. Eyelid nerve sheath myxomas have a similar presentation to neurothekeoma of the myxoid variety, and historically these two diagnoses have been considered interchangeable. At present, the proper diagnosis can be found through protein immunoreactivity with histological staining. Currently in published literature, there has not been documentation of a family history with eyelid growth in patients diagnosed with nerve sheath myxomas. In this case report, we present a 19-year-old male with a potential third recurrence of nerve sheath myxoma who reports a family history of similar eyelid lesions.
Optimization of ES

This chapter outlines optimization approaches for embedded systems. As this is multi-objective optimization problem, Pareto analysis is introduced. Scope of optimization is also discussed that includes power optimization, code level optimization, and task level optimization.
Resilience and recovery from sports related concussion in adolescents and young adults.

Recovery and return to play are important milestones for athletes who sustain sport-related concussions (SRC). Several factors have been shown to influence resolution of post-concussion related sym...
The ER transmembrane protein PGRMC1 recruits misfolded proteins for reticulophagic clearance.

ER-specific autophagy (reticulophagy) has emerged as a critical degradative route for misfolded secretory proteins. Our previous work showed that RTN3 (reticulon 3) drives reticulophagic clearance ...
Two Interacting Species

Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium can be routinely maintained in the laboratory for long periods of time. Monthly census records on populations continuously cultured for up to six years are available (Park and Frank 1950). In single species cultures extinction is rare. But in cultures with two species present one or the other nearly always goes extinct. The rule is reversed: extinction is common.
Chapter 7 Pancreatic ribonuclease A: the most studied endoribonuclease

Publisher Summary Endoribonucleases are a class of enzymes, widely found in animals, plants, and microorganisms, which catalyze the hydrolytic breakdown of ribonucleic acids (RNA) or oligoribonucleotides. Ribonucleases (RNases) function in the digestion, turnover, and maturation of various types of RNA. Usually a particular RNase shows specificity for a certain type of base (that is, hydrolyzing only after pyrimidines, or adenine, or guanine), catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in a specific manner (that is, cleaving either the 3'-O–P bond or the P-5'-O linkage), and utilizes single stranded RNA as a substrate. This chapter discusses the structural and mechanistic data for bovine pancreatic RNase A. RNase A catalyzes the degradation of single stranded RNA via a transphosphorylation mechanism in which a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediate is formed. The enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of the cyclic phosphate intermediate to form, exclusively, a 3'-phosphate product. RNase A is specific for phosphodiester linkages with a pyrimidine base at the 3' -position.
Mammalian beta-glucuronidase: genetics, molecular biology, and cell biology.

Publisher Summary β -Glucuronidase is also a very ancient protein, and its early evolutionary origin is evidenced by the appreciable sequence identity between the Escherichia coli and mammalian enzymes. β-glucuronidase has become a model system for the study of genetic regulatory polymorphism, mechanisms of androgen induction, lysosomal enzyme processing, and mechanisms of intracellular enzyme localization. As a result, it is now one of the best understood mammalian proteins from the combined standpoint of genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, and regulation. Some of the genetic resources created in the course of this work have provided experimental tools useful in other areas of research as diverse as cell lineage studies in mammalian development and the evolution of genetic regulatory mechanisms. These describe the substrate specificities of the enzyme, its distribution in nature, and its relation to several human diseases; androgen induction of the enzyme in kidney; intracellular localization mechanisms genetic regulation; and clinical aspects of human enzyme deficiency.
LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SIX INTERMEDIATE-TEMPERATURE SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT This paper contains the results of an evaluation of long-term performance of six solar energy systems that produce industrial process heat (IPH) [1], The solar energy systems were constructed under a program funded by the U. S. Department of Energy. Periods of operation covered in this evaluation ranged from 8 months to 1 year during the period October 1982 to September 1983. During this time long-term energy production was measured, clear-day performance was recorded and reported, and operation and maintenance data were collected. The evaluation contains a comparison of measured energy production with predictions from computer models, computations of system efficiencies, detailed analyses of thermal losses, and costs of operation and maintenance. With the exception of one experiment, energy production was less than predicted primarily because of excessive thermal loss in the systems, tracking inaccuracies, system down time, and inability to precisely model the systems and their operation.
The status of low-income families in the post-welfare reform environment: mapping the relationships between poverty and family.

Abstract Low-income families face an enormous burden to achieve economic security since the deterioration of a guaranteed safety net. Health insurance coverage is uneven, affordable childcare falls short of demand, and wage earnings insufficiently support family needs. This analysis focuses on recent trends in family formation, the impact of policy changes on families of color and of immigrant status, and explores the daily challenges and coping strategies low-income families use to survive despite insufficient resources. Four key findings emerge from this body of knowledge: (1) Low-income families experience severe hardships when relying on cash assistance, work, or a combination of both; (2) Low-income families are resilient and resourceful; (3) Low-income families face significant barriers to using public and private services along with increasing earnings from work; and (4) The quality of life for families of color and immigrant families is directly affected by employment and service sector practices....
This Is Not an Island

Images of Contemporary Iceland: Everyday Lives and Global Contexts. Gisli Palsson and E. Paul Durrenberger Icelandic Essays: Explorations in the Anthropology of Modern Life. E. Paul Durrenberger. San Francisco The Textual Life of Savants: Ethnography, Iceland, and the Linguistic Turn. Gisli Palsson
Activity of STI571 in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with a platelet-derived growth factor β receptor fusion oncogene

Platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) fusion genes have been shown to be critical transforming oncogenes in a subset of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). The sensitivity of dysregulated tyrosine kinase oncogenes to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (imatinib mesylate) makes it a potentially attractive treatment option in this subset of patients. We have recently cloned a novel member of the PDGFβR fusion oncogene family, rabaptin-5-PDGFβR. A patient with CMML carrying the rabaptin-5-PDGFβR fusion gene underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and was monitored closely with a sensitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain assay to detect the novel fusion gene transcript. After achieving a molecular remission at 5 months after transplantation, 15 months after SCT the patient showed persistent and progressive evidence of molecular relapse. After demonstrating in vitro that cells transformed with this specific fusion oncogene are efficiently killed by STI571, the patient was started on STI571. The patient responded rapidly and entered molecular remission after 6 weeks of therapy, and he continues to be in remission 6 months later. These results suggest that STI571 may be an effective targeted therapy in patients with CMML related to PDGFβR fusion oncogenes.
A Comparison Study of Image Spatial Entropy

Shannon entropy as a measure of image information is extensively used in image processing applications. This measure requires estimating a high-dimensional image probability density function which poses a limitation from a practical standpoint. A number of approaches have been introduced in the literature for estimating image spatial entropy based on the assumption of Markovianity or homogeneity. This paper provides an overview of these existing approaches and their differences with Shannon entropy. These definitions are compared by applying them to synthesized test images. These images are designed in such a way that the spatial arrangements of pixels are changed without altering the histogram, thus allowing the emphasis to be placed on evaluating image spatial entropy. Furthermore, the computational complexity aspect of the definitions are discussed. The comparison results show that although the definition of image spatial entropy based on Aura Matrix provides the most effective outcome among the existing definitions, there are still deficiencies associated with this definition.
Active learning for efficient querying from a human oracle with noisy response in a language-model assisted brain computer interface

RSVP Keyboard™ is a non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) for letter by letter typing. In this system a sequence of symbols is presented on a computer screen in rapid serial visual presentation scheme to query a user's intent. EEG evidence and language model are used in conjunction for joint inference of the intended symbol. Usually repetition of sequences is necessary to achieve high confidence in the intended symbol selection. This repetition usually results in degradation in the speed of typing while compensating for accuracy. In this manuscript, we develop a mathematical framework for active sequence selection that would optimize the amount of evidence obtained from user and would improve both typing speed and accuracy simultaneously. Our analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulation shows that one can effectively improve both typing speed and accuracy by optimizing the sequence of queries to be asked from the BCI user.
Radiation necrosis presenting as pseudoprogression (PsP) during alectinib treatment of previously radiated brain metastases in ALK-positive NSCLC: Implications for disease assessment and management

Abstract Objectives Radiation necrosis presenting as pseudoprogression (PsP) is relatively common after radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), especially among patients with GBM that harbors intrinsic increased responsiveness to TMZ (methylated O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] promoter). Alectinib is a second generation ALK inhibitor that has significant CNS activity against brain metastases in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and methods We report 2 ALK+ NSCLC patients who met RECIST criteria for progressive disease by central radiologic review due to increased in size from increased contrast enhancement in previously stereotactically radiated brain metastases with ongoing extra-cranial response to alectinib. In both patients alectinib was started within 4 months of completing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The enlarging lesions in both patients were resected and found to have undergone extensive necrosis with no residual tumor pathologically. PsP was incorrectly classified as progressive disease even by central independent imaging review. Conclusions Treatment-related necrosis of previously SRS-treated brain metastasis during alectinib treatment can present as PsP. It may be impossible to distinguish PsP from true disease progression without a pathologic examination from resected sample. High degree of clinical suspicion, close monitoring and more sensitive imaging modalities may be needed to distinguish PsP versus progression in radiated brain lesions during alectinib treatment especially if there is no progression extra-cranially.
Interatrial thrombus-in-transit resulting in paradoxical thromboembolism

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is reported in up to 50% of patients with cryptogenic stroke. However, the role of PFO in acute myocardial infarction is less reported. In this case report, the relationship between PFO, myocardial infarction, and an interatrial paradoxical thromboembolism (aka thrombus-in-transit) was diagnosed with the use of non-invasive technique, percutaneous procedures, as well as gross surgical specimen.
A New Lnc in Metastasis: Long Noncoding RNA Mediates the ProMetastatic Functions of TGF-β

TGF-β signaling promotes metastasis by controlling the expression of downstream target genes. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Yuan and colleagues discover a novel TGF-β-induced lncRNA, lncRNA-ATB, which stimulates EMT through sequestering miR-200s and facilitates colonization by stabilizing IL-11 mRNA, thus promoting both early and late steps of cancer metastasis.
Structure and dynamics of netropsin-poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) complex: 500 MHz 1H NMR studies.

Antibiotic netropsin is known to bind specifically to A and T regions in DNA; the mode of binding being non-intercalative. Obviously, H-bonding between the proton donors of netropsin and acceptors N3 of A and O2 of T comes as a strong possibility which might render this specificity. In netropsin there could be 8 proton donors: four terminal amino groups and four internal imino groups. However, methylation of the terminal amino groups does not alter the binding affinity of netropsin to DNA--but the modification of the internal imino groups significantly lowers the binding affinity. Hence, the logical conclusion is that netropsin may specifically interact with A and T through H-bonding and in order to do so, it should approach the helix from the minor groove. The present paper provides experimental data which verify the conclusion mentioned above. Using poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) as a model system it was observed following a thorough theoretical stereochemical analysis that netropsin could bind to -(T-A-T) sequence of the polymer in the B-form through the minor groove by forming specific H-bonding. Models could be either right or left-handed B-DNA with a mono or dinucleotide repeat. By monitoring the 31P signals of free poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) and netropsin-poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) complex we show that the drug changes the DNA structure from essentially a mononucleotide repeat to that of very dominant dinucleotide repeat; however the base-pairing in the DNA-drug complex remain to be Watson-Crick. Whether H-bonding is the specific mode of interaction was judged by monitoring the imino protons of netropsin in the presence of poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT). This experiment was conducted in 90% H2O + 10% D2O using the time-shared long pulse. It was found that exchangeable imino protons of netropsin appear in the drug-DNA complex and disappear upon increasing the D2O content; thus confirming that H-bonding is indeed the specific mode of interaction. From these and several NOE measurements, we propose a structure for poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT)-netropsin complex. In summary, experimental data indicate that netropsin binds to poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) by forming specific hydrogen bonds and that the binding interaction causes the structure to adopt a Watson-Crick paired dinucleotide repeat motif.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Personalized treatment of alcohol dependence

Pharmacogenetic and adaptive treatment approaches can be used to personalize care for alcohol-dependent patients. Preliminary evidence shows that variation in the gene encoding the μ-opioid receptor moderates the response to naltrexone when used to treat alcohol dependence. Studies have also shown moderating effects of variation in the gene encoding the serotonin transporter on response to serotonergic treatment of alcohol dependence. Adaptive algorithms that modify alcohol treatment based on patients’ progress have also shown promise. Initial response to outpatient treatment appears to be a particularly important in the selection of optimal continuing care interventions. In addition, stepped-care algorithms can reduce the cost and burden of treatment while maintaining good outcomes. Finally, matching treatment to specific problems present at intake or that emerge during treatment can also improve outcomes. Although all of these effects require replication and further refinement, the future of personalized care for alcohol dependence appears bright.
Polarized neutron reflection study of the unidirectional magnetic anisotropy of Permalloy on Ni0.5Co0.5O

Abstract Couples of ferromagnetic Permalloy/antiferromagnetic metal oxide exhibit unidirectional magnetic anisotropy along a magnetic field applied during cooling. Polarized neutron reflection has been used to check if the effect is due to a bias of the antiferromagnetic configuration in the oxide, where the layer immediately adjacent to the Permalloy is polarized parallel to the easy direction of magnetization. The measurements were made on a sample consisting of 300APermalloy/500ANi 0.5 Co 0.5 O. Polarized neutron reflectivities were taken at the four corners of the magnetic hysteresis loop at 20 K. A faint magnetic signal consistent with the unidirectional bias of the F / AF structure was observed. This behavior is discussed in the light of the current theories.
Responsibility in Childhood: Three Developmental Trajectories

Abstract In this article, we analyze the development of responsibility through the lens of the Peruvian Matsigenka, Samoan, and middle-class Los Angeles, California, childhoods. We propose that recognizing social awareness, social responsiveness, and self-reliance as keystone properties of responsibility supports an argument that children's routine work at home enables not only social but also moral responsibility, in the form of respectful awareness of and responsiveness to others' needs and reliance on knowledge that takes into consideration others' judgments. We document distinct modes of engagement in community and family activities evidenced in community ethnographies of children in Matsigenka, Samoa, and in middle-class Los Angeles, and propose seven arguments (related to sociopolitical organization, necessity, development, school priority, independence–interdependence, attention practices, and inconsistency) that bear on these observations. A contradiction in the values and practices for promoting independence and giving care is manifested exclusively in the L.A. families, creating a dependency dilemma for children of these families. If moral responsibility involves an active turning toward the other that engenders the capacity for compassion, our research indicates childhood socialization practices differentially facilitate or complicate achievement of this perspective. [responsibility, child development, socialization, Samoa, Los Angeles, Matsigenka]
Auditory rhythmic cueing in movement rehabilitation: findings and possible mechanisms

Moving to music is intuitive and spontaneous, and music is widely used to support movement, most commonly during exercise. Auditory cues are increasingly also used in the rehabilitation of disordered movement, by aligning actions to sounds such as a metronome or music. Here, the effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on movement is discussed and representative findings of cued movement rehabilitation are considered for several movement disorders, specifically post-stroke motor impairment, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. There are multiple explanations for the efficacy of cued movement practice. Potentially relevant, non-mutually exclusive mechanisms include the acceleration of learning; qualitatively different motor learning owing to an auditory context; effects of increased temporal skills through rhythmic practices and motivational aspects of musical rhythm. Further considerations of rehabilitation paradigm efficacy focus on specific movement disorders, intervention methods and complexity of the auditory cues. Although clinical interventions using rhythmic auditory cueing do not show consistently positive results, it is argued that internal mechanisms of temporal prediction and tracking are crucial, and further research may inform rehabilitation practice to increase intervention efficacy.
Multiwavelet-Based Image Fusion Method Using Unit-Linking Pulse Coupled Neural Networks

To simulate biological activities of human visual system to details and make full use of global features of source images, we propose a multiwavelet-based image fusion method using unit-linking pulse coupled neural networks (ULPCNNs) model. After motivated by external stimuli from images, ULPCNNs can produce series of binary pulses containing much global information. Then we employ the first firing time of each neuron as the salience measure. Experimental results demonstrate that, for multifocus images, remote sensing images, and infrared and visible images, our proposed method always generates satisfying fusion results.
Neural-network-based state of health diagnostics for an automated radioxenon sampler/analyzer

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to determine the state-of-health (SOH) of the Automated Radioxenon Analyzer/Sampler (ARSA). ARSA is a gas collection and analysis system used for non-proliferation monitoring in detecting radioxenon released during nuclear tests. SOH diagnostics are important for automated, unmanned sensing systems so that remote detection and identification of problems can be made without onsite staff. Both recurrent and feed-forward ANNs are presented. The recurrent ANN is trained to predict sensor values based on current valve states, which control air flow, so that with only valve states the normal SOH sensor values can be predicted. Deviation between modeled value and actual is an indication of a potential problem. The feed-forward ANN acts as a nonlinear version of principal components analysis (PCA) and is trained to replicate the normal SOH sensor values. Because of ARSA’s complexity, this nonlinear PCA is better able to capture the relationships among the sensors than standard linear PCA and is applicable to both sensor validation and recognizing off-normal operating conditions. Both models provide valuable information to detect impending malfunctions before they occur to avoid unscheduled shutdown. Finally, the ability of ANN methods to predict the system state is presented.
Six-Dimensional Joystick Based on Detection of Optical Spot

We demonstrated a six-dimensional (6-D) joystick by using a CMOS sensor array to image the cross-spot from a LED. It is simple and cheap to sensor signals of 3-D planar and 3-D rotational motion.
An approach to modeling simultaneous high-temperature oxidation and erosion

An approach is suggested for describing the rate of degradation of alloys subjected to the combined effects of high-temperature oxidation and erosion. The basis for this approach is essentially empirical, and is drawn from observations of the kinetics and scale morphologies of alloys in laboratory tests. The two major assumptions used are that the alloy surface is always covered by an oxide layer, and that only oxide (not alloy substrate) is removed by the erosion process. The mode of erosion is not explicitly defined. The rate of erosion, that is, the amount of oxide lost in a given erosion event, is taken to be proportional to the thickness of the oxide layer. The relationships developed have been found capable of accurately describing the shapes of oxidationerosion kinetic curves, and the predicted thickness of the steady-state oxide layers remaining on the alloys agreed reasonably with experimental observations.
Flight Testing Small UAVs for Aerodynamic Parameter Estimation

A flight data acquisition system was developed to aid unmanned vehicle designers in verifying the vehicle’s design performance. The system is reconfigurable and allows the designer to choose the correct combination of complexity, risk, and cost for a given flight test. The designer can also reconfigure the system to meet packaging and integration requirements. System functionality was validated by collecting data during flight of an radio-controlled aircraft, and future work includes further system validation, quantifying system accuracy, sensor fusion, and stability and control derivative estimation.
Response of Recent Acala Cotton Varieties to Variable Nitrogen Rates in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Nitrogen fertilizer is routinely applied to crops grown in rotation with upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California. However, increasing N fertilizer costs, the potential overuse of N resulting in excessive vegetative growth and harvest delays, increasing pest pressure, and concern for nitrate contamination of groundwater support a reassessment of current N fertilization practices. The primary goal of this research was to provide information that would assist SJV cotton growers in updating and improving N management practices. Plot site selection included two university field stations and six on-farm locations representing all SJV cotton-producing counties. Nitrogen treatments of 56 to 224 kg N ha -1 were over a 5-yr period. Cotton lint yield responded positively to increasing N applications in only 41% (16 out of 39) of the test sites. Yield response to fertilizer N was related to residual soil N in the upper 0.6 m of soil as follows: below 70 kg ha -1 residual NO 3 -N, 9 of 17 sites responded positively to increasing applied N; at 70 to 125 kg ha -1 , 5 of 11 sites responded; and at greater than 125 kg ha -1 , only 2 of 11 sites responded. Changes in soil NO 3 -N levels from postplanting to postharvest were generally larger within the upper 1.2 m of soil than at lower depths. However, net increases in soil NO 3 -N also occurred in the 1.2- to 2.4-m range at sites prone to leachine.
Bounds to Complexities of Networks for Sorting and for Switching

Abstract : A network which sorts n numbers when used to sort numbers of only two sizes, 0 and 1, can be regarded as forming the n frontal (unate) symmetric boolean functions of n arguments. When sorting networks are constructed from comparator modules they appear to require: (1) delay time or number of levels of order (log of n to the base 2) squared, (2) size or number of elements of order (log of n to the base 2) squared, and (3) formula length or number of literals of order n (log of n to the base 2). If one permits the use of negations in constructing the corresponding boolean functions, these three measures of complexity can be reduced to the orders of log of n to the base 2, n, and n to the 5th power respectively. The latter network however is incapable of sorting numbers and may be thought of as merely counting the number of inputs which are 1. One may incorporate this network, however, in a larger network which does sort and in time proportional to only log of n to the base 2. (Author)
Treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in children with mechanical and catheter directed thrombolysis

Purpose The mainstay of treatment of acute DVT is anticoagulation therapy, which only prevents further clot propagation but does not directly lead to clot lysis. Long term complications of DVT include extremity edema, hyperpigmentation, pain and ulceration collectively called post thrombotic syndrome (PTS). The most important prognostic factor in preventing development of PTS was patency and competency of extremity veins. This study examines the use of minimally invasive approach, including pharmacologic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, to treat deep venous thrombosis in the pediatric population and the subsequent clinical outcome at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center over the last 4 years. Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in concert with clinical evaluation by hematologists during the follow up period. The Villalta score for severity of PTS was calculated on these patients. Results PTS scores were available on twenty-one patients, age ranging from 1 - 21 years (mean 14.7), over the 4 year period. A total of 47 procedures were performed. Angiojet Thrombectomy System (MedRad, Warrendale, PA) was used in 31 procedures in 19 of the patients. The Trellis System was used in 5 procedures in 4 patients. Catheter directed therapy by using infusion catheter was used in 19 patients. Stents were placed in three patients with May Thurner Syndrome. The mean follow up duration was 19.6 months (ranging 4 - 44 months). During this time, 11 patients did not develop any signs or symptoms of post thrombotic syndrome. Nine patients developed minor symptoms in the affected limb but were not classified as having post thrombotic syndrome by Villalta score ( Conclusion The limited results of this study demonstrate the ability to safely perform catheter directed thrombolysis in a pediatric population. Over the study period the rate of developing post thrombotic syndrome was very low (5%).
The media effects question: “Unresolvable” or asking the right question

ate his point. The first is ThinkerTools (White, 1984, 1993) and the Jasper Woodbury Series (Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt, 1992). These two studies, however, suggest that the issue is not reframing Clark's question, but asking a different question. According to Kozma, ThinkerTools allows students to manipulate computer objects that behave according to rules derived from Newtonian mechanics. The study Kozma cites (White, 1993) compared sixth-grade students who used ThinkerTools to a similar group of sixth graders studying a standard curriculum unit on inventions. The experimental group was also compared to a high school physics class who had studied Newtonian mechanics using traditional methods and a high school class who had not studied the topic. The results support the effectiveness of ThinkerTools to teach Newtonian mechanics as measured by a posttest. The study, however, is inappropriately designed for interpretation as a basic research study to provide evidence for the contribution of the media to learning. Kozma suggests that it was the ability of the computer to present motion and react to the learners' input. One must ask, however, what would have been the result if the instructor had taken the