cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multigenerational autosomal dominant inheritance of 5p chromosomal deletions.

Deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (5p-) is associated with phenotypic features including a cat-like cry in infancy, dysmorphic facial features, microcephaly, and intellectual disability, and when encompassing a minimal critical region, may be defined as Cri-du-Chat syndrome (CdCS). Most 5p deletions are de novo in origin, and familial cases are often associated with translocation and inversion. Herein, we report three multigenerational families carrying 5p terminal deletions of different size transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner causing variable clinical findings. Terminal 5p deletions and the mode of inheritance were clinically characterized and molecularly analyzed by a combination of microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Shared phenotypic features documented in this cohort included neuropsychiatric findings, poor growth, and dysmorphic facial features. This study supports newly recognized effects of aberrant SEMA5A and CTNND2 dosage on severity of autistic and cognitive phenotypes. Comparative analysis of the breakpoints narrows the critical region for the cat-like cry down to an interval less than 1 Mb encompassing a candidate gene ICE1, which regulates small nuclear RNA transcription. This study also indicates that familial terminal 5p deletion is a rare presentation displaying intra- and inter-familial phenotypic variability, the latter of which may be attributed to size and gene content of the deletion. The observed intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity suggests that additional modifying elements including genetic and environmental factors may have an impact on the clinical manifestations observed in 5p deletion carriers, and in time, further high resolution studies of 5p deletion breakpoints will continue to aid in defining genotype-phenotype correlations.
Joint Ventures between Nonprofit and For‐Profit Organizations

This paper examines the consequences of allowing a nonprofit organization to form a joint venture with a for‐profit organization. Three tax regimes are considered: prohibiting all such joint ventures, allowing all such joint ventures, and restricting joint ventures between nonprofit and for‐profit entities to those controlled by the nonprofit organization. The paper derives the equilibrium profit‐sharing rule, output decision, and organizational form choice under each tax regime. Joint ventures can create both private and social benefits by reducing production costs. They can also create private benefits and social costs by reducing competition. Prohibitions or restrictions on joint ventures can either increase or decrease social welfare depending on whether the production cost effect or the competition effect is more important.
Globalization and the Study of Comparative Corporate Governance

Globalization has fostered the study of comparative corporate governance. Most commentators focus on just the economics of globalization but the paper suggests a broader concept of globalization involving interconnectedness was also significant. The paper describes how the broader idea of globalization has contributed to the study and how the study has evolved. It looks at the current significant studies which compare the stakeholders' and shareholders' models of corporate governance, the development of the different ownership models of either concentrated or dispersed shareholdings and the debates about convergence and why they are now part of the globalization debate. Critics of globalization particularly in trade have argued among other things that there are considerable harms to labor, that it undermines national sovereignty, damages the environment and supports a particular cultural hegemony at the expense of local. These criticisms can also be directed at the comparative corporate governance scholarship.
Wind-driven distribution of bacteria in coastal Antarctica: evidence from the Ross Sea region

Wind is a major transporter of biotic and abiotic material in coastal Antarctica. Sulfate-depleted sea salts delivered by wind to the Antarctic interior are thought to derive from sea ice, signifying a connection between Antarctic coastal environments and the interior. We hypothesized that bacteria, known to concentrate in salt-rich environments on the surface of sea ice, may also be subject to wind-driven transport. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a comparative evaluation of the composition and structure of bacterial communities, determined by deep sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, in samples of frost flowers, young sea ice, and seawater from two coastal sites north of Ross Island, Antarctica, and in fresh snow over land and in surface ice of the Wilson Piedmont and Taylor Glaciers. Contrary to expectation, sequence reads that were consistently found in frost flowers, presumed to be the most mobile element of the sea ice environment, were rarely found in the terrestrial samples. Instead, cyanobacterial reads associated with the genus Pseudanabaena and found in abundance in the glacial ice and snow samples comprised up to 14.1 % of frost flower communities at one of our sites. Although this clade had not previously been reported in the Ross Sea region, wind patterns and other published data suggest that a likely source may be terrestrial aquatic environments on nearby Ross Island, including Mt. Erebus. One member of a sulfur-oxidizing, halophilic clade of the Gammaproteobacteria previously associated with hydrothermal sites was more abundant in frost flowers than in any other sample type. We hypothesize that these bacteria originated from hydrothermally influenced environments on Mt. Erebus. Overall, these findings suggest that wind is an important mechanism of microbial transport between the terrestrial and marine environments in coastal Antarctica, and may facilitate the exchange of taxa and genetic material between isolated habitats.
The Product of a Circulant Matrix and a Special Diagonal Matrix

(1932). The Product of a Circulant Matrix and a Special Diagonal Matrix. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 280-285.
Discussion of “Three-dimensional slope stability based on stresses from a stress-deformation analysis”

We have read this paper with interest because of our involvement in slope stability analysis of embankment dams and natural slopes. This discussion is motivated primarily from the results of example problems included in the paper for which the proposed procedure to calculate the factor of safety (FS) shows a large sensitivity to Poisson’s ratio (y). Intuitively, we were expecting to see no or very little change in computed FS results over a commonly used range of y values (say from 0.30 to 0.45). To check our intuitions, we re-analyzed each of the four example problems included in the paper using the continuum-mechanics-based procedure implemented in the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions (FLAC3D) computer program (Itasca Consulting Group 2002). Results of these analyses form the basis of comments included in this discussion. For comparison purposes, the example problems were also analyzed in plane strain mode using the continuum-mechanics-based procedure implemented in the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) computer program (Itasca Consulting Group 2006). Size adequacy of the continuum models was verified by analyzing them via the computer program CLARA-W (O. Hungr Geotechnical Research 2010) and comparing the results with the ones included in the paper. FLAC, FLAC3D, and CLARA-W are commercially available computer programs and their adoption for re-analysis of the example problems was for convenience. Continuum-mechanics-based procedures using the elastoplastic constitutive model with a Mohr–Coulomb yield condition and a flow rule require elastic constants (two for an isotropic material) and plasticity parameters (cohesion c, angle of internal friction 4, and dilation angle j). The elastic constants used in the paper are Young’s modulus (E) and y. FLAC and FLAC3D require data for bulk modulus (K) and
Analysis of Salmonella contamination condition in chicken of Shijiazhuang in 2013

Objective To investigate the Salmonella contamination in chicken on retail,and provide basis for epidemiological investigation and prevention of food- poisoning. Methods Collect chicken liver,heart and breast on sale in markets. Separation,biochemical identification and serotyping the isolates strains. Results 89 Salmonella strains were isolated in 331 samples in 2013,and the positive rate was 26. 89%. Chicken liver,heart,chicken positive rate was 37. 56%( 77 /205),11. 11%( 11 /99) and 3. 70%( 1 /27). 89 strains of Salmonella was divided into 10 kinds of serotype. The dominant serotypes were S. enteritidis,S. indiana,S. senftenberg. Other serotype was S. Kentucky,S. Rissen,S. Redba,S. Fillmore,S. typhimurium,S. paratyphi A,S. gallinarum. There is no difference in Salmonella positive rate between farmer's markets and supermarkets of chicken liver. Conclusion Salmonella existed in some kinds of chicken products widely. The feature of Salmonella serotypes was polymorphic distribution and region- specific. There is the risk of food poisoning.
Electromechanical-electromagnetic Hybrid Modelling and Simulation of Jiangsu Power Grid with UHVDC Transmission from Jinping to Southern Jiangxu Accessing Based on ADPSS

In order to analyze the influence of Ultra High Voltage Direct Current(UHDVC) power transmission accessing from Jinping to southern Jiangsu on Jiangsu power grid accurately, especially the operation of the southern Jiangsu power grid nearby Tongli converter station, based on predicted summer peak data of Jiangsu power grid for the year 2013, the electromagnetic transient model of the DC transmission from Jingpin to southern Jiangsu and the electromechanical model of remaining Jiangsu power grid was built by Advanced Digital Power System Simulator(ADPSS). The steady-state of Jiangsu power grid with UHDVC accessing was verified using the electromechanical-electromagnetic hybrid simulation model. The transient simulation results of using the electromechanical-electromagnetic hybrid model and the pure electromechanical model were compared in the case of bipolar blocking. Simulation results show that the hybrid model the UHVDC transmission system's operating characteristic from Jingpin to southern Jiangsu can be reflected effectively, it's suitable for researching the complex and fast transient process in the DC system. The hybrid simulation model lay the foundation for the study of impacts of UHDVC power transmission accessing from Jinping to southern Jiangsu on stability of receiving-end system in Jiangsu power grid.
Effects of introspective health education of HIV / AIDS harm and risk publicity on HIV/AIDS prevention and control

Objective To investigate the effects of introspective health education of HIV/AIDS harm and risk publicity on HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Methods 1 The transmission routes of 82 HIV / AIDS patients with confirmed transmission route were summarized and analyzed. 2 A survey on the acceptability of HIV / AIDS harm and risk publicity was carried out among 396 HIV / AIDS cases reported in Longzhou County from 2011 to 2014. 3 Six hundred and eleven male adults who participated in the health education lecture concerning HIV / AIDS prevention and control were interviewed for an investigation on the changes in their consciousness and sex behavior before and after the health education during July to September,2013. 4 The introspective health education was implemented by carrying out health education lectures on HIV / AIDS prevention,mostly in the manner of classroom teaching,among government organizations,schools,communities and rural villages during January 2011 to December 2014. 5 To strengthen the surveillance on HIV,gonorrhea,syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Results 1 98. 78%( 81 /82) of HIV / AIDS patients were transmitted by sex,among which 76. 83%( 63 /82) were infected by commercial sex. 2 77. 02%( 305 /396) of HIV / AIDS patients thought the propagandists' always saying ' HIV / AIDS does not spread by handshake and sharing bathroom with HIV / AIDS patients' was unfavorable for HIV / AIDS prevention,and 78. 79%( 312 /396)of HIV / AIDS patients thought 'the policy of no telling the spouse and family members the truth when someone infected HIV' wasn't conducive to HIV / AIDS prevention,and 92. 42%( 366 /396) of HIV / AIDS patients were willing to receive the positive publicity of HIV / AIDS harm and risk.3 37. 15%( 227 /611) of male adult residents who listened to the lecture committed they had the experience of commercial sex,only 62. 11%( 141/227) of them used condom in the commercial sex,and 95. 15%( 216 /227) of them gave up the commercial sex behavior after listening to the lecture. There were 11 persons still had commercial sex behavior,however,all of them promised to use condom in the commercial sex. 4 In Longzhou County,the reported cases of HIV / AIDS decreased by 25. 40%( 47 /185) in 2012 in contrast with those in2011,decreased by 31. 85%( 43 /135) in 2013 in contrast with those in 2012,and decreased by 8. 42%( 8 /95) in 2014 in contrast with those in 2013. Conclusion Some previous anti-discrimination advocacies and measures are misleading in term of HIV / AIDS harm and risk. The introspective health education of classification publicity of HIV / AIDS harm and risk might contribute to the mass' taking the initiative in giving up commercial sex behavior,increasing condom use,and active prevention of AIDS transmission,thereby reducing the number of new reported HIV / AIDS cases,effectively curbing the spread of HIV / AIDS.
Effect of alloxan-diabetes on multiple forms of hexokinase in adipose tissue and lung

Comparison has been made of the effect of alloxan-diabetes on the multiple forms of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) in adipose tissue and lung. Types I and II hexokinase were distinguished in adipose tissue by their different stabilities to heat treatment, which made it possible to determine the activity of each form spectrophotometrically; additional confirmatory evidence was obtained from starch-gel electrophoresis. Type II hexokinase was markedly depressed in adipose tissue from alloxan-diabetic rats. Lung contained types I, II and III hexokinase, type I predominating. There was no significant change in the pattern of these multiple forms of hexokinase in lung from alloxan-diabetic rats. These results are discussed in relation to current ideas that the insulin-sensitivity of a tissue may be correlated with the content of type II hexokinase.
M-wave of proximal retina in cat.

There has been relatively little known about responses from proximal retina in mammals that could contribute to the electroretinogram (ERG). Recently, there has been evidence that the proximal retina is involved in generating the pattern electroretinogram (PERG). In the present work we investigated proximal retinal activity in the intact cat eye during light adaptation. Extracellular potentials evoked in response to circular spots of light, flashed on steady backgrounds, were recorded with microelectrodes placed intraretinally at different depths. Prominent negative responses were found in proximal retina that could be identified as the M-wave previously observed only in cold-blooded retinas. Like the cold-blooded responses, the cat's M-wave consisted of negative-going potentials at stimulus onset and offset that were maximum in amplitude with small spots. By analogy to the cold-blooded data, the cat M-wave is presumed to be the extracellular voltage arising from Muller cell responses to K+ released by proximal retinal neurons. In addition, the cat M-wave only appeared with backgrounds at and above rod saturation and had short latencies (30 ms) at stimulus onset and offset, indicating that it is a cone-driven response. The M-wave could be clearly distinguished from PII (b-wave and DC component) on the basis of its form, depth distribution, and stimulus-response characteristics. For example, photopic PII had its maximum voltage in the distal retinal at 55% retinal depth, whereas the M-wave was maximal in the proximal retina at 25% retinal depth. Also, PII simply increased in amplitude as stimulus spots were enlarged, whereas the M-wave exhibited spatial tuning. Under light-adapted conditions and with small-spot stimuli the M-wave is the largest extracellular voltage in cat retina. By recording the vitreal ERG near the retinal surface with the microelectrode referenced to a silver wire in the vitreous, we found that the M-wave in response to a small spot always had a negative polarity in the vitreous. Thus, unlike PII, the M-wave does not reverse polarity at the vitreo-retinal border. Because of stray-light effects, however, we were not able to assess the amplitude of the M-wave's contribution to the ERG obtained with diffuse retinal illumination. We conclude that the M-wave is present in the cat as a prominent cone-driven response of proximal retina that is separate from the b-wave, and whose significance for electroretinographic recordings remains to be determined.
Vowel Fission in Jaqaru

“Epenthetic” vowels in loanwords in Jaqaru harmonize with a suffix ([axusi-ni] ‘garlic (poss.)’ < ajos) and otherwise a root vowel ([axusu]). In four-syllable words, the second vowel optionally deletes. Here, the “epenthetic” vowel matches the underlying vowel of the root-final syllable: [axsu-ni]. Contracted forms show apparent counterbleeding: harmony in the root precedes deletion. Even so, blocking of harmony with the suffix is not predicted. This paper analyzes “epenthesis” as root-vowel fission driven by a constraint requiring vowel-final roots. Under contraction, suffix-triggered harmony is blocked by existential identity (Struijke 2000). This both obviates counterbleeding and improves on its predictions.
Reanalysis and the Effectiveness of Child Analysis

This chapter explores what reanalysis can tell about the effectiveness of child and adolescent psychoanalysis. This chapter reviews some of the problems and findings of research into the efficacy of psychoanalysis generally, and child and adolescent psychoanalysis in particular. It explores the contribution of reanalysis to this investigation, emphasizing the power and weakness of reanalysis for such exploration. The need for research in studying the effectiveness of child and adolescent analysis is obvious. This research should address questions of interest to psychoanalysts. In particular, it should explore how well analysis works to accomplish its own goals, not some other set of goals. Despite the merits of investigations of analysis as a way to relieve symptoms and promote improved adjustment, such investigations do not explore the crucial areas of change that analysis is designed to achieve. A procedure such as psychoanalysis––which is intended to explore psychological change in depth––can only be evaluated by means that study such changes. Psychoanalysis is the premier instrument for study of such change, so that reanalysis provides an extraordinary tool for this purpose.
Early-onset Colorectal Cancer is Distinct From Traditional Colorectal Cancer.

Abstract Background Early-onset colorectal cancer (E-CRC) is increasing in incidence, unlike traditional CRC (T-CRC). We sought to characterize differences between E-CRC and T-CRC. Materials and Methods Data sources included the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We compared demographics, tumor characteristics, and incidence of CRC in subjects aged 20 to 49 years (E-CRC) with those aged ≥ 50 years (T-CRC). We correlated the incidence of E-CRC and T-CRC to CRC risk factors and age-dependent genomic characteristics of CRC using TCGA. Results A total of 369,796 CRCs were identified (2000-2011). E-CRC incidence has risen 1.4% per year, whereas T-CRC has declined 3.1% per year (P Conclusion E-CRC tumors are clinically, pathologically, and molecularly distinct from T-CRC. Further evaluation of genetic and molecular differences is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of E-CRC and to help target treatment/surveillance strategies.
The role of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in hydroquinone-glutathione conjugate mediated nephrotoxicity

We have previously shown that oxidation of 2-bromohydroquinone (2-BrHQ) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) gives rise to a mixture of mono- and di-substituted GSH conjugates. Administration of the di-substituted conjugates to rats (30 μmol/kg, intravenously) caused extensive necrosis of renal proximal tubular cells, while the three mono-substituted GSH conjugates exhibited significantly less toxicity (Monks, et al., 1985, 1988). We subsequently investigated the toxicological properties of the products formed by the interaction of GSH with 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). The chemical reaction of BQ with GSH resulted in the formation of GSH adducts that exhibited increasing degrees of GSH substitution (Lau, et al., 1988). Administration of these conjugates (50 μmol/kg, i.v.) to male Sprague-Dawley rats caused varying degrees of renal proximal tubular necrosis (Table 1). 2,3,5-(tri-GSyl)HQ was the most potent nephrotoxicant, demonstrating a 10 fold elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as compared to control animals. 2,3-, 2,5- and 2,6-(di-GSyl)HQ exhibited similar degrees of nephrotoxicity, eliciting an approximately 3 fold elevation in BUN over control levels. 2-(GSyl)HQ and 2,3,5,6-(tetra-GSyl)HQ were not toxic at the 50 μmol/kg dose (Table 1). However, 2-(GSy1)HQ produced signs of toxicity at a dose of 250 μmol/kg (BUN = 43.6 ± 4.3). None of these conjugates caused any elevations in serum pyruvate glutamate transaminase (SGPT) (Table 1) or histological alterations in the liver, suggesting that quinol-GSH conjugates may be selective nephrotoxicants.
J -Matrix Green’s Operators and Solving Faddeev Integral Equations for Coulombic Systems

The two-body Coulomb Hamiltonian, in the Coulomb-Sturmian basis, has an infinite symmetric tridiagonal (Jacobi) matrix structure. This allows us to construct the Green’s operator in terms of 2F1 hypergeometric function, which can be evaluated by a continued fraction. Using this two-body Coulomb Green’s matrix, we developed an approximation method for solving Faddeev-type integral equations of the three-body Coulomb problem. The corresponding three-body Green’s operators are calculated as a convolution integral of the two-body Coulomb Green’s operators. As examples, the electron-hydrogen scattering and the resonances of the e-Ps system are presented.
Evolution of a Research Agenda for Military Families

Military programs for families have evolved in the past decade to address changing demands in the context of increased deployments and ongoing relocations, and as this has occurred, the research agenda for family support has shifted. As the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan grew, the central research question in military family policy was “What is the impact of deployments on service members and families?” Later, the focus shifted to “What is the impact of the programs on service members and families?” For research to be influential in the military policy setting, it must address the military population and it must provide actionable findings. The recent shift in focus, which reflects a constricting budget climate, means that programs need concrete evidence that outcomes are linked to key military objectives, such as being ready to carry out the mission (readiness) and willingness to stay in the military (retention). Despite significant challenges, there are real opportunities to expand research and evaluation work, with the potential to tie changes in individual and group behavior to components of government social programs. The reintegration of military members into families and civilian life will require ongoing research on the long-term impacts of military service during sustained years of combat deployments.
Novel antifeedant and insecticidal compounds from avocado idioblast cell oil

Several insecticidal compounds have been identified by bioassaydriven fractionation of avocado, Persea americana Mill, idioblast cell oil. A flash chromatography fraction of the oil showed substantial toxicity to early instars of the generalist insect herbivore, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (100% mortality after seven days). Following further fractionation, five biologically active compounds, 2-(pentadecyl)furan, 2-(heptadecyl)furan, 2-(1E-pentadecenyl)furan, 2-(8Z,11Z-heptadecadienyl)furan, and the triglyceride triolein, were identified. Several minor components were also tentatively identified, including 2-(1Z-pentadecenyl)furan, 2-(1E-heptadecenyl)furan, and 2-(1E,8Z,11Z-heptadecatrienyl)furan. Several 2-alkylfurans of this type have been reported previously from avocado (Persea spp.) and have received the common name of avocadofurans. The major compounds were tested individually for toxic and growth inhibitory effects. Individually, the compounds had low to moderate toxicity. Of these, 2-(pentadecyl)furan had the greatest effects, with an LC50 value of 1031 μg/g. At concentrations of 600 μg/g or higher in diets, larval growth was inhibited by >70% compared to controls. The analogous 2-(heptadecyl)furan had an LC50 value of 1206 μg/g, and also significantly reduced larval growth (>75% versus controls) at concentrations of >600 μg/g. The unsaturated analogs 2-(1E-pentadecenyl)furan and 2-(8Z, 11Z-heptadecadienyl)furan were less toxic. Triolein was only weakly toxic, with an LC50 value of 10,364 μg/g diet. Larval growth was inhibited only at concentrations of 7000 μg/g or higher. The potential of avocadofurans in insect control is discussed.
Gibbs and the Energeticists

The energeticists Georg Helm and Wilhelm Ostwald were enthusiastic in their praise of the thermodynamic writings of Josiah Willard Gibbs. Both admired the elegance and power of Gibbs’s work and regarded it not only as energetic in character, but as exemplifying the course a rightly-conceived natural science should and would take. They disagreed, however, in their characterizations of Gibbs’s general approach. Helm interpreted Gibbs as a phenomenalist, which was the approach to science he favored; Ostwald thought Gibbs a realist, which was the outlook he preferred. And since each regarded Gibbs’s work in thermodynamics as reflecting the natural development of scientific inquiry, they also disagreed about the mandates of the Weltgeist: Helm saw science progressing in the direction of energetic phenomenalism, while Ostwald viewed it instead as progressing toward energetic realism.
Challenge and hindrance stressors in relation to sleep

Abstract Rationale Research using the challenge-hindrance stressor framework shows hindrance stressors tend to have detrimental affective and work-related outcomes, whereas challenge stressors have relatively more salutary affective and work-related outcomes. The extent to which this pattern extends to health behaviors, such as sleep, is unknown. Objective The current study examines challenge and hindrance work stressors in relation to sleep quantity and quality. Methods We use survey data from the MIDUS II (Phase 1 and Phase 4) to test the relationship between self-reported challenge and hindrance stressors and assessments of sleep, including cross-sectional and prospective indicators of sleep quantity, sleep quality (sleep onset latency, sleep disturbance), and sleepiness. Results Hindrance stressors are associated with prospective sleep quantity, as well as cross-sectional and prospective sleep quality and sleepiness. Further, the pattern of results for sleep quality and sleepiness reflects the expected challenge-hindrance pattern, such that hindrance stressors are more strongly associated with poor sleep quality and sleepiness than are challenge stressors. The same challenge-hindrance pattern was not significant sleep quantity. Work hours and time lag generally did not moderate associations between work stressors and sleep. Conclusion The challenge-hindrance pattern holds for sleep quality and sleepiness, but not sleep quantity. Relationships appear to be consistent across time and differences in work hours. Results have implications for expanding the challenge-hindrance stressor framework and underline the importance of distinguishing between different types of stressors and sleep dimensions.
On the performance of double rolling isolation systems

Abstract Harvey and Gavin [1] previously proposed a double rolling isolation system (RIS) that possesses greater displacement capacity than that of its constituent subsystems alone. This study aims to quantify the performance gained by using the dual-layer system. The system's nonlinear equations of motion, adhering to the constraint of rolling without slipping, are derived for arbitrary rolling profiles. Linear equations are recovered when a circular rolling profile is assumed. The stochastic response of the double RIS under stationary white noise excitation is evaluated for relevant system parameters, namely mass ratio and tuning frequency. Both broadband and filtered (Kanai-Tajimi) white noise excitation are considered. The response variances of the double RIS are normalized by a baseline single RIS for a comparative study, from which parameter design maps are drawn. A deterministic analysis was also conducted to further evaluate the double RIS in the case of nonstationary excitation. The telecommunications equipment qualification waveform, VERTEQII, was used for these numerical simulations. Peak transient responses are compared to the single RIS responses, and optimal design regions are determined. General design guidelines based on the stochastic and deterministic analyses are given.
Dietary nitrogen utilisation and prediction of amino acid requirements in equids

The equine population represents an important sector of animal agriculture and, thus, contributes to environmental contamination. The horse industry lags behind other livestock industries in developing prediction models to estimate N and amino acid (AA) requirements aimed at precision feeding and management to optimise animal health and performance while mitigating nutrient excretion. Effective predictions of N utilisation and excretion are based on knowledge of ingredient protein quality and the determinants of N and AA requirements. Protein quality is evaluated on the basis of N and AA digestibility and AA composition. Amino acid composition of grains, pulses and oil seeds is extensive, but there is large deficit on that of forages. Several studies have reported on pre- and post-caecal N digestibility in horses, demonstrating that a large proportion of N from forages is metabolised post-caecally. Few have reported on AA digestibility. It is proposed that whole-tract (i.e. faecal) N and AA digestibility be used in evaluating feed-ingredient protein quality in equids to begin designing predictive models of N and AA requirements. Nitrogen gain and AA composition in deposited tissues and their corresponding efficiency of utilisation are the key determinants for a prediction model. We estimated that N utilisation for maintenance is 0.74. Maintenance requirements for N and AA were derived from faecal N and AA losses in horses and expressed as a function of dry-matter intake and from integument losses in swine. Relative to our factorial model, the NRC (2007) requirement for lysine and N is overestimated when based on a segmented curve and a breakpoint. When based on N equilibrium, lysine NRC (2007) requirement estimate agrees with our factorial model estimate, while N requirement is underestimated. The pool of AA profile used to express requirements of other essential AA has a large impact on requirement, as shown, in particular, for threonine. Threonine requirement based on faecal endogenous AA profile is higher than is lysine requirement for maintenance and lactation.
Woody debris as a confounding factor in interpreting the width ofspring-fed streams

Abstract. Spring-fed streams throughout volcanic regions of the western United States exhibit larger widths than runoff-fed streams with similar discharge. Due to the distinctive damped hydrograph of spring-fed streams, large woody debris is less mobile in spring-fed than runoff-fed stream channels. The consequent long residence time of wood in spring-fed streams allows wood to potentially have long-term impacts on channel morphology. We used high-resolution satellite imagery in combination with discharge and climate data from published reports and publicly available databases to investigate the relationship between discharge, woody debris length, and channel width in 38 spring-fed and 20 runoff-fed streams. We identify an order of magnitude more logjams than single logs per unit length present in runoff-fed streams as compared to spring-fed streams. Histograms of log orientation in spring-fed streams additionally confirm that single logs are immobile in the channel so that the impact of single logs on channel morphology could be pronounced in spring-fed streams. Based on these observed differences, we hypothesize that there should be a difference in channel morphology. We find that spring-fed streams in our study are about 2 times wider than runoff-fed streams with similar mean discharge. Additionally, a model for stream width in spring-fed streams based solely on length of wood is a better model than one derived from discharge or including both discharge and wood length. This study provides insights into controls on stream width in spring-fed streams by identifying a strong correlation between wood length and stream width and confirming that spring-fed streams are significantly wider than runoff-fed streams.
Recursive Gaussian Process-based Adaptive Control: Theoretical Framework and Application to an Airborne Wind Energy System

This paper presents a unique adaptive control methodology that fuses real-time Gaussian process (GP) modeling with statistically-driven design space reduction in order to converge upon an optimal set of control parameters. The proposed approach represents a dramatic departure from traditional adaptive control techniques that assume significant underlying structural knowledge of the system model, in addition to representing a significant departure from traditional GP-based regression, which has traditionally been applied to iterative design optimization problems rather than real-time control. Within the proposed adaptive control strategy, GP modeling is tailored to control systems with relatively short time steps through the use of a recursive GP (RGP)-based update to process new information as it is made available, which circumvents the need to retain a complete database of prior data. Exploration of the design space is achieved by selecting design points associated with large prediction variance. At each time step, suboptimal points within the design space are rejected based upon the uncertainty characterization from the GP model and statistical hypothesis testing. The RGP-based adaptive control law has been validated using a numerical model of an airborne wind energy system.
Good Intentions Are Not Enough: Truly Supporting Pregnant Women With Substance Use Disorders Requires Evaluating the Impact of Our Policies and Practices

This is a commentary on Preis, Garry, Herrera, Garretto, and Lobel’s (2020) article “Improving Assessment, Treatment, and Understanding of Pregnancy Women With Opioid Use Disorder: The Importance o...
Human Trafficking: What the New IOM Dataset Reveals

In 2017, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) released its global, de-identified database of human trafficking victims, the largest database of its kind, containing over 50,000 indivi...
The NASA CYGNSS microsat constellation

The CYGNSS constellation of eight satellites was launched in December 2016 into a low inclination Earth orbit. Each satellite carries a four-channel bi-static radar receiver which measures signals transmitted by GPS satellites and scattered back into space by the Earth surface. Over the ocean, surface roughness, near-surface wind speed and air-sea latent heat flux are estimated from the direct measurements of surface scattering cross section. Over the land, estimates of soil moisture and flood inundation are also possible. An overview and the current status of the mission will be presented, together with highlights of recent scientific results.
Resource utilization rates among English versus limited English proficient patients (pts) by patient-report of low health literacy (LHL).

107Background: About 30 million people in the US report Limited-English Proficiency (LEP). LEP cancer pts are less likely to understand their medical condition(s) and are at increased risk of LHL, ...
A bi-criteria indicator to assess supply chain network performance for critical needs under capacity and demand disruptions

Abstract In this paper, we develop a supply chain/logistics network model for critical needs in the case of disruptions. The objective is to minimize the total network costs, which are generalized costs that may include the monetary, risk, time, and social costs. The model assumes that disruptions may have an impact on both the network link capacities as well as on the product demands. Two different cases of disruption scenarios are considered. In the first case, we assume that the impacts of the disruptions are mild and that the demands can be met. In the second case, the demands cannot all be satisfied. For these two cases, we propose two individual performance indicators. We then construct a bi-criteria indicator to assess the supply chain network performance for critical needs. An algorithm is described which is applied to solve a spectrum of numerical examples in order to illustrate the new concepts.
Influence of Shape Anisotropy on the Emission of Low-Dimensional Semiconductors

The emergence of precise and scalable synthetic methods for producing anisotropic semiconductor nanostructures provides opportunities to tune the photophysical properties of these particles beyond their band gaps, and to incorporate them into higher-order structures with macroscopic anisotropic responses to electric and optical fields. This perspective article discusses some of these opportunities in the context of colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets, with a focus on the influence of confinement anisotropy on processes that dictate the emission.
Large-scale high-resolution 3D fluorescence imaging with a computational miniature mesoscope

We present a Computational Miniature Mesoscope that enables 3D fluorescence imaging across an 8-mm field-of-view and 2.5-mm depth-of-field in a single shot, achieving 7-micrometer lateral resolution and better than 200-micrometer axial resolution. The mesoscope has a compact design that integrates a microlens array for imaging and an LED array for excitation on a single platform. Its expanded imaging capability is enabled by computational imaging. We experimentally validate the mesoscopic 3D imaging capability on volumetrically distributed fluorescent beads and fibers. We further quantify the effects of bulk scattering and background fluorescence on phantom experiments.
Employee retention strategies in IT Industry a study of select it companies in Bengaluru city

The background of the study with regards to the employee retention strategies in the IT industry to ascertain the organizational effectiveness and the theoretical framework. The findings of the research work done on the Employee Retention Strategies in IT industry with specific reference to Bengaluru City. The result shows the significant difference between demographic variables of employees in the IT industry, organizational variable and its effectiveness. The IT industries need to find a way to increase employee retention to achieve more organizational goals. Moreover, the organization should understand the potential grievances that prevent employees from leaving. IT industry that continually seeks to improve HR practices and there is no single policy to retain the employees.
Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor as a Source of Small Bowel Bleeding: A Case Report.

Introduction In a minority of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, the offending lesion is not able to be identified using colonoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). For these patients, video capsule endoscopy has become a cornerstone for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding in the territory not accessible by colonoscopy or EGD. One uncommon cause of bleeding from the small bowel is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Case presentation We present the case of a 76-year-old man who presented with 2 weeks of melena that began after starting dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel after undergoing coronary artery stenting. After EGD and colonoscopy failed to identify the culprit, the patient underwent video capsule endoscopy, which identified a suspicious area concerning for intussusception. Computed tomography enterography was then performed and showed a short segment of bowel wall thickening. The patient underwent laparoscopic small bowel resection and was found to have a gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Early Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Lower Extremities: Risk Factors for Mortality and Amputation.

Objective: In this study, we seek to identify patient characteristics associated with limb loss and mortality while exploring the potential impact a multidisciplinary care team may have. Approach: ...
Temporary taxes: How Often Does the Sun Actually Set?

In November 2020, Illinois voters will consider an amendment that would strike the following two sentences from the Illinois constitution. “A tax on or measured by income shall be at a non-graduated rate. At any one time there may be no more than one such tax imposed by the State for State purposes imposed on individuals and one such tax so imposed on corporations.” Striking these two sentences would allow Illinois legislators to impose a graduated rate system, which would allow the tax rate to vary with the income of the tax filer. The Illinois General Assembly passed legislation in May of 2019 that would impose such a graduated rate system beginning in January 2021 should the constitutional amendment pass. The other states did not make changes in their basic tax structure. Table 1 provides some basic data for all states about the number of rate changes. Eight states had a flat rate tax for the entire period, and three states had a flat rate tax for part of the period. In total, we observed 153 cases of annual tax rate dynamics. Similarly, we observed 592 cases of tax rate dynamics in states with graduated rate taxes. In each state, in each year, we checked whether any tax rate changed. As shown in Table 1, out of 153 total cases there were tax rate changes in 27 cases (17.76%) in states witha flat rate tax. In graduated rate states, out of 592 total cases there were tax rate changes in 94 cases (15.85%), which is slightly lower than the frequency of changes in flat rate states. The proposed constitutional amendment on the November 2020 ballot would move Illinois from a flat rate to a graduated rate system which is a change unlike any that a U.S. state has made since at least 2002. The full implications of this change for tax-setting behavior are difficult to predict. However, examination of the recent experience of other U.S. states finds little difference in the frequency of tax rate changes in general, and whether tax rate increases occur in particular, in states with graduated and flat rate tax systems.
Cerebrovascular reactivity is blunted in young adults with major depressive disorder: The influence of current depressive symptomology.

Abstract Background In middle-aged adults with depression, cerebral vasodilatory reactivity is blunted; however, this has not been examined in treatment-naive young adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that cerebrovascular reactivity would be blunted in young adults (18–30 yrs) with MDD compared to healthy non-depressed adults (HA) and would be attenuated to a greater extent in adults with symptomatic MDD (sMDD) compared to adults with MDD in remission (euthymic MDD; eMDD). Methods Sixteen adults with MDD [21±3yrs; n = 8 sMDD (6 women); n = 8 eMDD (5 women)] and 14 HA (22±3yrs; 9 women) participated. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (PETCO2; capnograph), beat-to-beat mean arterial pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography), middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv; transcranial Doppler ultrasound), and internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter and blood velocity (Doppler ultrasound) were continuously measured during baseline and rebreathing-induced hypercapnia. Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated as the relative increase in vascular conductance during hypercapnia. Results In adults with MDD, cerebrovascular reactivity in the MCA (∆39±9 HA vs. ∆31±13% MDD, p = 0.04), but not the ICA (∆36±24 HA vs. ∆34±18% MDD, p = 0.84), was blunted compared to HA. In the MCA, cerebrovascular reactivity was reduced in adults with sMDD compared to adults with eMDD (∆36±11 eMDD vs. ∆25±13% sMDD, p = 0.02). Limitations The cross-sectional nature approach limits conclusions regarding the temporal nature of this link. Conclusion These data indicate that MCA cerebrovascular reactivity is blunted in young adults with MDD and further modulated by current depressive symptomology, suggesting that the management of depressive symptomology may secondarily improve cerebrovascular health.
Quantifying Work Function using Kelvin Probe Systems

Quantifying the work function of materials is a major component of research dedicated to developing in vacuo electrical devices with high current density at low operating temperatures. These devices are regularly composites of more than one material and understanding the roles that the individual components play in determining the overall work function is at the frontier of this research [1]. The work function characterization technique outlined here is analysis using a Kelvin Probe System, which yields the opportunity to quantify a material’s work function through measuring contact potential difference (CPD) or through surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS). In this paper, these separate techniques are outlined and experimental data is given for W and Ba, two elements of interest in device development.
Effects of Yarrowia lipolytica supplementation on growth performance, intestinal health and apparent ileal digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs.

Objective The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of increasing supplementation of Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) up to 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma for growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility of diets fed to nursery pigs. Methods Twenty-four pigs weaned at 24 d of age (initial body weight at 7.2 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block. The diets with supplementation of YL (0.0, 1.5 and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat and blood plasma up to 1.6 and 0.9%, respectively) were fed for 21 d. Feed intake and body weight were recorded at d 0, 10 and 21. Fecal score was recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect proximal and distal jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health markers including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G. Ileal digesta was collected for AID of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. Results Supplementation of YL (1.5 and 3.0%) replacing poultry fat and blood plasma did not affect growth performance, fecal score and intestinal health. Supplementation of YL at 1.5% did not affect nutrient digestibility, whereas supplementation of YL at 3.0% reduced AID of dry matter (40.2 to 55.0%), gross energy (44.0 to 57.5%), crude protein (52.1 to 66.1%) and ether extract (50.8 to 66.9%) compared to diets without supplementation. Conclusion Yarrowia lipolytica can be supplemented at 1.5% in nursery diet, replacing 0.8% poultry fat and 0.45% blood plasma without affecting growth performance, intestinal health and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation of YL at 3.0% replacing 1.6% poultry fat and 0.9% blood plasma did not affect growth performance and intestinal health, whereas nutrient digestibility was reduced.