cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is a Diagnostic Category for Paraphilic Coercive Disorder Defensible

There is a proposal to establish a paraphilic coercive disorder as a new paraphilia in the DSM-V. The empirical data do not, however, support the hypothesis that a distinct syndrome exists that comprises males who are sexually aroused by the coercive elements of rape per se. Purported evidence for this syndrome has centered on the results of phallometric studies. Higher plethysmographic responses of rapists to coercive rape scenarios may, however, be better explained by the failure of coercive elements to inhibit arousal to sexual aspects of the stimuli rather than by arousal specifically to the coercive elements. In addition, sexual fantasies about forcing sex and about struggling victims are highly correlated with sadistic fantasies and have not been shown to identify a syndrome that can be discriminated from sadism. Finally, taxometric evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that the underlying components of rape are distributed as dimensions and do not constitute a separate taxon. Consequently, the criteria purported to categorize rapists into the proposed syndrome would have to be arbitrarily determined. Not only does there seem to be little empirical justification for the creation of this new syndrome, the inclusion of this disorder among the paraphilias would have serious potential for misuse. It would imply endorsement of Paraphilia, NOS, nonconsent, which is currently inappropriately employed in civil commitment proceedings to justify commitment.
Cyclization of chloroplast DNA fragments of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

THE chloroplast of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi contains about 5 × 109 daltons of DNA1. Preliminary experiments (Surzycki and Rochaix, unpublished results) show that some DNA molecules of this chloroplast have a molecular weight of at least 200 × 106. The reassociation rate of this DNA is slightly lower than that of T4 DNA2,3. Assuming an inverse proportionality between the rate of reassociation and the genome complexity, one can estimate that the chloroplast DNA is made of about twenty-five similar copies of 2 × 108 daltons each2,3. In addition, 10% of the chloroplast DNA of C. reinhardi seems to reassociate more swiftly than the bulk chloroplast DNA3 and this fast reassociation rate suggests repetitive units of 1–10 × 106 daltons. Table 1 summarizes the current data on various chloroplast DNAs. Steps toward the elucidation of the arrangement of some of the chloroplast genes of C. reinhardi have been made by transcriptional mapping13 and by hybridization experiments14 and the results of these studies suggest that the genes for the 16S and 23S chloroplast ribosomal RNAs are tandemly arranged in two to three pairs in each of the twenty-five copies. This study was aimed at testing the chloroplast DNA for repetitive base sequences whose presence was suggested by the reports mentioned3,13,14. For this purpose the method of cyclization of DNA fragments developed by Thomas et al.15 was used.
Third-Party Intervention and the Civil War Process

What effect do third parties have on the evolution of civil wars? The authors argue that intervention by third parties is central to the civil war process, a process that is characterized by the duration of hostilities and the type of outcome. The authors examine empirically the effect of third-party intervention into civil wars during the period 1816—1997, using the event history framework of competing risks. From the perspective of competing risks, as a civil war endures, it is at risk of experiencing a transition to one of three civil war outcomes in our sample: military victory by the government, military victory by the opposition group, and negotiated settlement. The competing risks approach provides considerably better leverage on the dynamic qualities of civil wars and, in particular, the influence of interventions by third parties. The analysis suggests that third-party interventions can be decisive in the evolution of civil wars and that third-party interventions have a different effect on the du...
Metadata Community Profiles for the Semantic Web

Metadata is needed to facilitate data sharing among geospatial information communities. Geographic Metadata Standards are available but tend to be general and complex in nature and also are not well suited to overcome semantic heterogeneities across vocabularies of different domains and user communities. Current formalizations of metadata standards are not flexible enough to allow reuse and extension of metadata specifications, in particular for Web based information systems. In order to address this problem we propose a methodology to create community specific metadata profiles for the Semantic Web by reusing metadata specifications and domain vocabularies encoded as resources for the Web. This ensures that these community profiles are semantically compatible so they can be used in Web based information systems. The ISO-19115:2003 geographic metadata standard is the most general standard available and is being used in conjunction with the Web Ontology Language as the expression medium to test the methodology for each one of the possible extensions documented in ISO-19115:2003. It is shown that it is possible to extend and reuse metadata specifications and vocabularies distributed in the Web using the Web Ontology Language, by utilizing the language's flexibility to create restrictions on inherit properties and to make interferences on web distributed resources. Examples from the area of Hydrology are provided to demonstrate the technical details of the approach.
Minimizing total flowtime and maximum earliness on a single machine using multiple measures of fitness

The intent of this research is to investigate methods to use genetic algorithms to find the set of efficient solutions to a bi-criteria problem. We propose a general methodology which is characterized by using different criteria upon which the decision to retain chromosomes into the next generation is made. We perform elite reproduction based on two general measures of "eliteness": non-dominated in the current population and performance measured in terms of each criterion individually. We investigate its performance on a specific bi-criteria scheduling problem, minimizing total flowtime and maximum earliness on a single machine.
Child Survival: Strategies for Research

Part I. Introduction and Conceptual Framework: 1. Child survival: research and policy W. Henry Mosley 2. An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries W. Henry Mosley and Lincoln C. Chen Part II. Intervening Variables: Nutrition: 3. Malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality Reynaldo Martorell and Teresa J. Ho 4. Measurement of dietary intake Kenneth H. Brown 5. Breastfeeding performance and child survival Sandra L. Huffman and Barbara B. Lamphere Part III. Intervening Variables: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases: 6. Immunizable and respiratory diseases and child mortality Stanley O. Foster 7. Diarrheal diseases and child morbidity and mortality Robert E. Black 8. Parasitic diseases: measurement and mortality impact David J. Bradley and Anne Keymer Part IV. Socioeconomic Variables: 9. Effects of maternal education, women's roles, and child care on child mortality Helen Ware 10. Studying the impact of household economic and community variables on child mortality T. Paul Schultz 11. Technology and child survival: the example of sanitary engineering John Briscoe Part V. Case Studies: 12. Determinants of child mortality: a study of squatter settlements in Jordan Belgin Tekce and Frederic C. Shorter 13. Intervention projects and the study of socioeconomic determinants of mortality Anne R. Pebley 14. A household survey of child mortality determinants in Malaysia Julie DaVanzo Part VI. Analytical Methods: 15. Estimating levels, trends, and determinants of child mortality in countries with poor statistics James Trussell and Jane Menken 16. Mathematical models of infectious diseases: seeking new tools for planning and evaluating control programs Burton Singer 17. Modeling resource allocation for child survival Howard N. Barnum and Robin Barlow.
Requirement for E. coli NusG protein in factor-dependent transcription termination

The 21 kd NusG protein is essential for E. coli viability. Cells depleted for NusG were defective for factor-dependent transcription termination. Rho-induced polarity in the gal operon and the Rho-dependent lambda tR1 and lambda tL1 terminators were suppressed in NusG-deficient cells. NusG depletion inactivated the phage HK022 Nun termination factor. In contrast, the factor-independent lambda tl terminator was fully active in NusG-depleted cells and could be suppressed by phage lambda N function.
Intrinsic Tween 20 Improves Release and Antilisterial Properties of Co-encapsulated Nisin and Thymol

Antimicrobial delivery systems have been proposed as potential solutions to improve effectiveness of antimicrobials in food matrixes by shielding antimicrobials from contacting food matrix components and releasing them continuously. In this work, spray-dried capsules were produced from zein solutions with the same concentrations of nisin and thymol but with varying Tween 20 contents for characterization of release kinetics of antimicrobials and antilisterial properties. At intermediate levels of Tween 20, sustained and more complete release of antimicrobials was observed at pH 6.0 and 8.0. Most capsule samples were more effective than free antimicrobials against Listeria monocytogenes in 2% reduced fat milk, and the best capsule treatment reduced the bacterial population by 2 log CFU/mL more than comparable free antimicrobials after 4 h incubation at 25 °C. Our work demonstrated that nonionic surfactant can be conveniently used to modulate characteristics of delivery systems to effectively improve antimic...
Autoantigen Ro52 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase.

Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are classic autoantibodies commonly found in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth. The autoantibodies recognize a RING-finger protein, Ro52, whose function is still unknown. Since many RING-finger proteins have been identified as E3 ubiquitin ligases, this study was designed to determine whether Ro52 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. For this purpose, recombinant Ro52 was purified from bacterial lysate and used to investigate its activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase in vitro. Its enzymatic activity was also tested in HEK293T cells using wild-type Ro52 and its RING-finger mutant. Our results indicated that Ro52 ubiquitinates itself in cooperation with E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B, thereby validating that Ro52 is a RING-finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. Importantly, this ubiquitin modification is predominantly monoubiquitination, which does not target Ro52 to the proteasome for degradation.
The specification of data parallel algorithms

Abstract Several algorithms that illustrate fundamental data parallel operations and the implementation of virtual topologies in terms of hypercube operations are given. A geometric induction principle is developed and used for proving the correctness of these algorithms. The algorithms show how an elementary SIMD language can be used to formally specify and verify data parallel algorithms.
Fungal endophytes of invasive Phagramites australis populations vary in species composition and fungicide susceptibility

Phragmites australis subsp. australis (Poaceae) is an aggressively invasive reed that threatens both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems in North America. We sampled P.a. australis plants for fungal endophytes at seven sites across a short geographic range near a freshwater lake in Michigan. Compared to previous studies, our data reveal novel variation in the diversity and abundance offungal endophytes withinP.a. australis. Within each sampling site we observed 4-10 mor- phologically unique, culturable fungi. Since fungal endophytes can confer significant benefits to their plant host, we hypothe- sized that fungal endophytes are important for mediating plant invasions. To test this hypothesis we first had to establish a protocol to experimentally control fungal endophytes within P.a. australis, which does not easily grow from sterile seed. We therefore investigated the effect of fungicides as a potential method for eliminating fungi from living plant tissue such as rhizomes. We selected the ten most abundant fungi isolated from P.a. australis and tested their susceptibility to three com- monly available fungicides. Response to the fungicides varied across fungal isolates, demonstrating physiological variation and fungicide-resistant phenotypes.
Nonparametric estimation for quadratic regression

Abstract The method of least squares provides the most widely used algorithm for fitting a linear model. A variety of nonparametric procedures have been developed that are designed to be robust against model violations and resistant against aberrant points. One such method introduced by Theil [1950. A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis. I, II, III. Proc. Ned. Akad. Wet. 53, 386–392, 521–525, 1397–1412] is based on pairwise estimates. There are many examples in which the data are nonlinear, and in particular, where a quadratic fit may be more appropriate. We here propose a nonparametric method for fitting a quadratic regression.
Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification for Subsurface Inversion Using a Multiscale Hierarchical Model

We consider a Bayesian approach to nonlinear inverse problems in which the unknown quantity is a random field (spatial or temporal). The Bayesian approach contains a natural mechanism for regularization in the form of prior information, can incorporate information from heterogeneous sources and provide a quantitative assessment of uncertainty in the inverse solution. The Bayesian setting casts the inverse solution as a posterior probability distribution over the model parameters. The Karhunen-Loeve expansion is used for dimension reduction of the random field. Furthermore, we use a hierarchical Bayes’ model to inject multiscale data in the modeling framework. In this Bayesian framework, we show that this inverse problem is well-posed by proving that the posterior measure is Lipschitz continuous with respect to the data in total variation norm. Computational challenges in this construction arise from the need for repeated evaluations of the forward model (e.g., in the context of MCMC) and are compounded by...
Methods for assaying viability of frozen-thawed granulocytes

Abstract Phagocytosis and microbial killing by granulocytes is a complicated process which is not yet completely understood. Innumerable in vitro and in vivo tests have been outlined for the several stages of granulocyte activity leading to microbial killing. No single simple test is sufficient to determine the nature of the lesion observed in abnormal frozen and thawed granulocytes, Several procedures are required to define such lesions before attempts can be made to inhibit or reverse this damage. The tests most commonly in use measure production, mobilization, chemotaxis, opsonization, phagocytosis, degranulation, peroxidation, and microbial killing. A test of microbial killing, either in vitro or in vivo , should always be used as the definitive assay.
Radiometric and photometric determinations of simulated shallow-water environment

Optical remote sensing is increasingly becoming a preferred economic alternative to the traditional in situ observations and physical sampling for mapping and monitoring habitats. Submersed habitats, such as eelgrass and corals, are especially challenging for field work. Even for remote-sensing work, a priori knowledge of environmental factors is required for highly accurate analysis. Background illumination and water clarity are two key factors that affect the optical remote-sensing imagery, which may vary widely with season, time of year, geographic location, or water depth. This article presents efforts to simulate natural oceanic conditions in a laboratory setting. Solar radiation predicted at different latitudes under varying water clarity conditions and depth were replicated using a 2.5 m deep wave tank at the University of New Hampshire. The goals of the study were: 1 to simulate illumination and water clarity conditions that approximate coastal and oceanic waters, and 2 to quantify the impact of the simulated illumination and water clarity conditions at different depths on the apparent colours that can be observed from an aerial platform. The empirical radiometric measurements included irradiance, radiance, and remote-sensing reflectance from an underwater array of light sources. The results of the study show good correlation r 2 = 0.89–0.93 between the natural daylight spectrum at the water surface and the irradiance measurements between 350 nm and 590 nm, at 3.5 m from the light array. The colours of the clear and murky water types were photometrically calculated from the radiometric measurements and validated using underwater video imagery. Using this methodology, illumination and water clarity can be replicated under controlled laboratory conditions and used to assist in studying the physical, chemical, and biological processes in habitats, at varied geographic locations and differing environments.
Effect of c-Si doping density on heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) radial junction solar cells

Radial junction Si pillar array solar cells based on the heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) structure were fabricated from p-type crystal Si (c-Si) wafers of different doping densities. The HIT structure consisting of intrinsic/n-type hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperature (200°C) was found to effectively passivate the high surface area of the p-type Si pillar arrays resulting in open circuit voltages (Voc>0.5) comparable to that obtained on planar devices. At high c-Si doping densities (>1018 cm-3), the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and energy conversion efficiency of the radial junction devices were higher than those of the planar devices demonstrating improved carrier collection in the radial junction structure.
An Application of operations research in the power field

The science of operations research and the tremendous advances in machine computation are two recent developments which are being utilized effectively in an analysis of an economy loading study of hydro-thermal electric systems. This research program is being sponsored by the Bonneville Power Administration at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
A New Model for Well Test Data Analysis for Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

A new model for the analysis of constant rate well test data from naturally fractured reservoirs is presented. The model considers three sets of orthogonal fractures with fluid flow from the fractures to the well and from the rock matrix to the fractures. In comparison to other models for naturally fractured reservoirs the present model allows fully transient fluid flow from the rock matrix to the fractures and a cubic geometry of the matrix blocks. The model has been used to develop type curves for the analysis of drawdown and build-up tests as well as pressure transient data from observation wells. The reservoir systems considered include an infinite and a finite (no-flow outer boundary) system and a system with a constant pressure outer boundary. The effects of wellbore storage and skin are illustrated. The model is applied to field data to illustrate the method of analysis and the applicability of the model. 19 refs., 11 figs., 1 tab.
Arabidopsis thaliana GH3.9 in auxin and jasmonate cross talk

Plant growth and development are governed by an intricate web of signaling networks controlled by phytohormones, such as auxin and jasmonic acid. Auxin influences all aspects of plant growth and development, ranging from embryogenesis to root and shoot morphogenesis and organ patterning. Three major groups of auxin-responsive genes have been classified as IAA/AUX, GH3, and SAUR families. Some Group I and II GH3 proteins biochemically function in conjugating amino acids to methyl jasmonate and auxin, respectively. We recently demonstrated that GH3.9, a previously uncharacterized Group II GH3 gene family member, influences primary root growth. Whereas several GH3 family members are transcriptionally induced by auxin, GH3.9 was repressed by exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in whole seedlings. GH3.9 promoter::GUS reporter transgenic seedlings showed expression in several tissues, and application of exogenous IAA led to a shift in promoter activity from primary roots to lateral root tips, supporting the hy...
Promoter Characterization of the Human Na+/I− Symporter

The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is the plasma membrane protein that mediates active iodide uptake into thyroid follicular cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms of human NIS (hNIS) gene regulation, the 2-kb immediate 5′-flanking region of hNIS was characterized. The tentative hNIS transcriptional start site was mapped to −375 nucleotide relative to the ATG site. Various 5′-genomic DNA fragments were tested for promoter activity in thyroid and nonthyroid cells. Our results indicate that the DNA regulatory elements in the 2-kb immediate 5′-flanking region were not sufficient to confer thyroid-selective transcription of the hNIS gene. In addition, hNIS minimal promoter was localized to a region of 144 bp that contains a 90-bp stretch of a highly conserved DNA fragment between hNIS and rat NIS.
Prevalence of Astigmatism in 6- to 72-Month-Old African American and Hispanic Children: The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study

Purpose To determine the age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific prevalence of astigmatism in African American and Hispanic children aged 6 to 72 months. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study is a population-based evaluation of the prevalence of vision disorders in children ages 6 to 72 months in Los Angeles County, California. Seventy-seven percent of eligible children completed a comprehensive eye examination. This report provides the results from 2994 African American and 3030 Hispanic children. Methods Eligible children in 44 census tracts were identified during an in-home interview and scheduled for a comprehensive eye examination and in-clinic interview. Cycloplegic autorefraction was used to determine refractive error. Main Outcome Measures The proportion of children with astigmatism defined as cylindrical refractive error ≥1.50 diopters (D) in the worse eye. The astigmatism type was defined as with-the-rule (WTR) (+ cylinder axis 90±15 degrees) and against-the-rule (ATR) (+ cylinder axis 180±15 degrees); all other orientations were considered oblique (OBL). The prevalence of astigmatism and its types were also determined for worse eye cylindrical refractive error ≥3.00 D. Results Prevalence of astigmatism ≥1.50 D was higher in Hispanic children compared with African American children (16.8% vs. 12.7%, respectively; P P P Conclusions We observed ethnicity-related differences in astigmatism prevalence in preschool children. The age-related decrease in astigmatism prevalence in preschool children likely reflects emmetropization. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Sample‐size calculations for studies with correlated ordinal outcomes

Correlated ordinal response data often arise in public health studies. Sample-size (power) calculations are a crucial step in designing such studies to ensure an adequate sample to detect a significant effect. Here we extend Rochon's method of sample-size estimation with a repeated binary response to the ordinal case. The proposed sample-size calculations are based on an analysis with generalized estimating equations (GEE) and inference with the Wald test. Simulation results demonstrate the merit of the proposed power calculations. Analysis of an arthritis clinical trial is used for illustration.
Sexual Harassment at Work in the United States

Using nationally representative data from the 1992 U.S. National Health and Social Life Survey, this study queried the prevalence and risk factors of lifetime workplace sexual harassment among both women and men. Among those aged 18-60 reporting ever having worked, 41% of women (CI, 37-44) reported any workplace harassment over their lifetime, with men's harassment prevalence significantly lower, at 32% (CI, 29-35). In the youngest age groups (those in their 20s or younger), there was no statistically significant difference between women's and men's harassment prevalence. Multivariate analysis of risk factors suggested that, in contrast to much of the harassment literature, among both genders workplace harassment seemed to have at least as much to do with a system of "routine activities" mechanisms-a victim's conscious or unconscious sexual signaling, more exposure to potential harassers, and a perpetrator's lower cost of harassment-as with unobserved differences in power between victim and perpetrator. Strikingly, both women's and men's harassment was strongly linked to markers of sexualization, whether early developmental factors or behavioral patterns in adulthood-a mechanism insufficiently emphasized in the harassment literature.
Magnetic properties of compounds RCoAl (R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, TmandLu)

Abstract The magnetic properties of compounds RCoAl have been studied in fields up to 50 kOe in the range 4–300 K. The random environment of rare earth atoms in the MgZn 2 -type structure (Co and Al occupy 2a and 6h sites in a statistical manner) dictates a state of magnetic scatter order. As a result, intrinsic magnetic hardness develops in these materials. This phenomenon is absent in crystallographically well-ordered ternary ferromagnetic compounds such as RNiAl (Fe 2 P type). The strength of intrinsic magnetic hardness depends on the strength of exchange.
Phase transition pathways of the hydrates of magnesium sulfate in the temperature range 50°C to 5°C: Implication for sulfates on Mars

[1] Dehydration/rehydration experiments were conducted on pure Mg-sulfates and mixtures of epsomite with Ca-sulfates, Fe-sulfates, Fe-oxide, and Fe-hydroxide. The goal was to investigate the stabilities and phase transition pathways of Mg-sulfate hydrates, under temperature and relative humidity conditions relevant to Mars, as a function of starting structure and coexisting species. Two pathways were found to form Mg-sulfate monohydrates between 5°C and 50°C through dehydration of epsomite or hexahydrite. Two polymorphs of Mg-sulfate monohydrates were characterized in this study. It is important to distinguish among these phases on Mars because they have different formation conditions that have the potential to provide additional information on surface and subsurface geologic processes. We found that Mg-sulfates with moderate hydration states (especially starkeyite and amorphous Mg-sulfates) can be very stable under current Martian surface conditions. On the basis of NIR spectral features, these phases are good candidates for polyhydrated sulfates identified on Mars by OMEGA and CRISM; thus, they may contribute to the high hydrogen concentrations found by the neutron spectrometer on the orbiting Odyssey spacecraft. Our experiments indicate that the maximum number of water molecules per SO4 held by the amorphous Mg-sulfate structure is three. In addition, the amorphization rate of Mg-sulfates is strongly dependent on temperature. The low temperature (approximately −80°C) in the early morning hours during the Martian diurnal cycle would slow the dehydration rate, which would favor the stability of starkeyite over amorphous Mg-sulfates and would lead to a low abundance of the latter.
A sequence at the inside end of IS50 down regulates transposition.

Abstract Deletion analysis has shown that the segment at the IS 50 inside (I) end that is needed for efficient transposition is ~19 bp long. Dam methylation at two 5′ GATC sequences within this segment decreases I-end transposition activity. A third 5′ GATC sequence is present at bp 21–24 of the I end. The comparisons presented here show that extension of the I end from 19 to 24 bp decreases its transposition activity in dam cells 5- to 50-fold, depending on the overall transposon structure.
Amino acid sequence of the active site of human serum cholinesterase from usual, atypical, and atypical-silent genotypes

Active-site tryptic peptides were isolated from three genetic types of human serum cholinesterase. The active-site peptide was identified by labeling the active-site serine with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. Peptides were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid composition and sequence analysis showed that the peptide from the usual genotype contained 29 residues with the sequence Ser-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Gly-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser-Val-Ser-Leu-His-Leu- Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly-Ser-His-Ser-Leu-Phe-Thr-Arg. The active-site serine was the eighth residue from the N-terminal. The peptide containing the active-site serine from the atypical genotype contained 22 residues with the sequence Ser-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Gly-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser-Val-Ser-Leu-His-Leu- Leu-Ser-Pro-Gly. The peptide from the atypical-silent genotype contained eight residues with the sequence Gly-Glu-Ser-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ala-Ser. Thus, the sequences of the atypical and atypical-silent active-site peptides were identical to the corresponding portions of the usual peptide.
Linyphid spider courtship: Releaser and attractant functions of a contact sex pheromone

Abstract Experiments with male bowl-and-doily spiders ( Frontinella communis ) on methanol-washed and unwashed female webs indicate that the courtship of males is chemically released. Parallel experiments on the webs of females of another linyphiid species and on immature F. communis webs indicate that the releaser pheromone is species specific and that it is produced only by mature females. The pheromone that releases male courtship also functions as an attractant, changing the male's orientation from negatively to positively geotactic. The presence or absence of a female on the test web has only a slight effect on the male's behaviour.
The Political Acculturation of Mexican American Adolescents

The political orientations of 150 Mexican American parochial high school students, between the ages of 16 and 18, were examined. Three dimensions of political orientations, affective, cognitive and behavioral, were examined within the context of both the American and Mexican political systems. Results indicate that acculturation plays an important role in mediating affective and cognitive political orientations. The profile of a low acculturated adolescent can be described as someone expressing more loyalty to the Mexican political system, less satisfaction with the United States' social achievements relative to Mexico, and less absolute satisfaction with the United States. A lower level of acculturation is also associated with more political knowledge about Mexican historical events and leaders. In regard to the behavioral component, affective experiences such as feelings of political inefficacy, absolute and relative satisfaction with the United States' achievements are good predictors of political orie...
Effect of Supplemental Dietary Crystalline Amino Acids on the Feed Consumption of Juvenile Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

ABSTRACT The effect of graded dietary levels (0.1-5%) of four amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, and glycine) on juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis, feed consumption was assessed. For 2 days, groups of bass were maintained in 20-L tanks and fed either a basal (control) diet or the basal diet enhanced with amino acids, and the amount of feed consumed was quantified. Of the four amino acids tested, only glutamic acid and glycine enhanced feed consumption. Though glutamic acid was effective at all levels tested, glycine was effective only when added to the diet at 0.1-0.5%. Simple additions of certain amino acids to the diet can cause a positive effect on feed intake in juvenile striped bass within a very short period.
Efficient state-specific preparation of highly vibrationally excited 15N18O

Stimulated emission pumping spectroscopy of highly vibrationally excited states of 15N18O was performed using a tunable argon fluoride laser to access the B state. Stimulated emission resonances from the B state back to v″ = 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 24 of the ground electronic state were observed and accurate vibrational state specific molecular constants were derived. The vibrational quantum number dependence of each molecular constant was fit to a polynomial expansion. Rydberg-Klein-Rees analysis was performed in order to derive Franck-Condon factors and R-centroids for the B-X system of 15N18O.
Myocardial infarction-induced ventricular aneurysm in the presence of complete left bundle branch block: A case report suggesting a new electrocardiographic diagnostic criterion

A 65-year-old man who had suffered an anterior myocardial infarction (MI) 10 years ago, complicated by a ventricular aneurysm (VA), and subsequently many years later developed complete left bundle branch block (LBBB), is described, with main emphasis on the feasibility of the electrocardiographic (ECG) diagnosis of VA in the presence of this conduction abnormality. Ventricular aneurysm in our patient was repeatedly confirmed by echocardiography over the intervening years. During the time the patient maintained normal intraventricular conduction, the ECG showed persisting ST-segment elevations in the precordial leads. After the development of LBBB, the ECG displayed accentuated ST-segment elevations in the precordial leads with predominantly negative QRS complexes, and ST elevation in V5, despite its primarily positive QRS complex. The authors extend the findings from the previous literature on the diagnosis of acute MI in patients with LBBB or right intraventricular pacing, and the concept of primary and secondary repolarization changes, to the diagnosis of VA in the presence of LBBB.
Acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes after concurrent abuse of alcohol and cocaine

Cocaine has been associated with known adverse effects on cardiac, cerebrovascular and pulmonary systems. However, the effect of cocaine on other organs has not been extensively reported. A middle age man presented with abdominal pain and nausea after inhalation of crack cocaine. On admission, he was found to be hypertensive and tachycardic. Physical examination revealed mild abdominal tenderness without rebound. Laboratory investigations were significant for acute kidney failure with elevated serum creatinine (3.72 mg/dL), thrombocytopenia (platelet count 74,000/UL), elevated alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT 331 U/L; AST 462 U/L) and elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK 5885 U/L). Urine toxicology screening solely revealed cocaine. A clinical diagnosis of cocaine toxicity was made and patient was admitted to the intensive care unit because of multi organ failure. Despite downward trending of liver enzymes during the hospital course, he continued to have residual renal insufficiency and a low platelet count at the time of discharge. In a patient with history of recent cocaine use presenting with these manifestations, cocaine itself should be considered as a likely cause.
Identification of a Novel PIP2 Interaction Site and its Allosteric Regulation by the RCK1 Site Associated with Ca2+ Coordination in Slo1 Channels

PIP2 is necessary for activation of Slo1 channels, but the molecular determinants mediating its effects are not known. Slo1 channel activity is regulated by Ca2+ and membrane voltage. Increased Ca2+ has been reported to enhance PIP2 sensitivity but the mechanism is not understood. Here we combined electrophysiology, mutagenesis and computational modeling methods to identify critical Slo1 interaction sites with PIP2 and study their relationship to Ca2+ regulation. We first confirmed that Ca2+ indeed increases the apparent affinity for PIP2. We mutated each of the two reported Ca2+ coordination sites, in the RCK1 and RCK2 domains, and found that only the RCK1 site affected PIP2 sensitivity. Further mutagenesis results suggested that the RCK1 Ca2+ coordination site also modulates PIP2 sensitivity independently of the presence of Ca2+. We have identified the positively charged residues K392/ R393 in the RCK1 domain, mutation of which greatly decreased PIP2 sensitivity of Slo1 channels. We found that RCK1 acidic residues involved in Ca2+ sensitivity together with a cluster of basic residues in close proximity all coupled with the PIP2 sensitive residues. We propose that Ca+ coordination by RCK1 acidic residues removes an inhibitory interaction with the PIP2 sensor, thus increasing channel activity.
Correlation between grade point averages and student evaluation of teaching scores: taking a closer look

One of the most contentious potential sources of bias is whether instructors who give higher grades receive higher ratings from students. We examined the grade point averages (GPAs) and student ratings across 2073 general education religion courses at a large private university. A moderate correlation was found between GPAs and student evaluations of teaching (SETs); however, this global correlation did not hold true for individual teachers and courses. In fact, there was a large variance in the correlations between GPAs and SETs, including some teachers with a negative correlation and a large variance between courses.
Tables of the Studentized Augmented Range and Applications to Problems of Multiple Comparison

Abstract Tables of the upper α-points q'α, k, v of the studentized augmented range distribution with k and v degrees of freedom are given for 2 ≤ k ≤ 8, 12 values of v, and α = .01, .05, .10, and .20. Tukey's well-known approximation of q'α,k,v by the corresponding upper α-point qα,k,v of the studentized range distribution for k ≥ 3 and α ≤ .05 is shown to be as good, if not better, for cases where k ≥ 4 and α ≤ .20. For k ≥ 9, the approximation appears to be accurate to three decimals, as long as α ≤ .20. The primary application is that the Spjotvoll-Stoline (1973) T' method of multiple comparison is exact and applicable for cases where α ≤ .20 with the use of the studentized augmented range tables.
Digital Public Goods

This column discusses how the online world provides public goods. Public goods in the digital world contain some of the same features as those in the offline world. Yet, there are some key differences in the boundaries between public and private, and that shapes what arises and what does not. That will need an explanation.
Extended cognition and the priority of cognitive systems

This essay begins by addressing the role of the so-called Parity Principle in arguments for extended cognition. It is concluded that the Parity Principle does not, by itself, demarcate cognition and that another mark of the cognitive must be sought. The second section of the paper advances two arguments against the extended view of cognition, one of which - the conservatism-or-simplicity argument - appeals to principles of theory selection, and the other of which - the argument from demarcation - draws on a systems-based theory of cognition. The final section contests the claim, made by Andy Clark, that empirical work done by Wayne Gray and colleagues supports the extended view.
Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease

The temporal lobe is a well-documented area showing neuropathological and neurochemical changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autopsy tissue was obtained from the superior temporal (Brodmann area 22) and the middle temporal (Brodmann area 21) regions of the cortex from patients with AD (n = 10; postmortem time < 13 hr) and age-matched control subjects (n = 10; postmortem time < 13 hr). Ultrastructural examination of the tissue revealed a highly significant AD-related decline in synaptic numbers in lamina III and V in both the superior and the middle temporal gyrus. Both normal control and AD tissue samples demonstrated a significant negative correlation between the number of synapses and the synapse size, as indexed by the length of the postsynaptic density. This change in synaptic size appears to compensate for the loss of synaptic numbers when viewed in terms of total synaptic contact area. Although the AD tissue showed an average 30% decline in synaptic numbers, the total synaptic contact area remained largely unchanged in both regions of the cortex. There were no significant correlations with age, postmortem time, or number of plaques observed in these areas. The loss of synaptic contacts in AD does not appear to be isolated to a particular cortical region or lamina.
Static extraction and conformance analysis of hierarchical runtime architectural structure using annotations

An object diagram makes explicit the object structures that are only implicit in a class diagram. An object diagram may be missing and must extracted from the code. Alternatively, an existing diagram may be inconsistent with the code, and must be analyzed for conformance with the implementation. One can generalize the global object diagram of a system into a runtime architecture which abstracts objects into components, represents how those components interact, and can decompose a component into a nested sub-architecture.A static object diagram represents all objects and inter-object relations possibly created, and is recovered by static analysis of a program. Existing analyses extract static object diagrams that are non-hierarchical, do not scale, and do not provide meaningful architectural abstraction. Indeed, architectural hierarchy is not readily observable in arbitrary code. Previous approaches used breaking language extensions to specify hierarchy and instances in code, or used dynamic analyses to extract dynamic object diagrams that show objects and relations for a few program runs.Typecheckable ownership domain annotations use existing language support for annotations and specify in code object encapsulation, logical containment and architectural tiers. These annotations enable a points-to static analysis to extract a sound global object graph that provides architectural abstraction by ownership hierarchy and by types, where architecturally significant objects appear near the top of the hierarchy and data structures are further down.Another analysis can abstract an object graph into a built runtime architecture. Then, a third analysis can compare the built architecture to a target, analyze and measure their structural conformance, establish traceability between the two and identify interesting differences.
HeH+: Quasibound state spectrum, experimentally-derived spectroscopic constants, and propensity for rotational excitation via collision

Abstract Observations of HeH + resonances (Schopman et al.) are “spectroscopically” analyzed, maintaining consistency with ab initio potential well characteristics. Experimentally-derived Dunham coefficients provide all bound and quasibound state energies, thereby predicting proton—He scattering (shape) resonances. Collision-induced quasibound states of HeH + arise mainly via Δ J = 1 excitations.
σ Receptor blockade by BMY 14802 affects enkephalinergic and tachykinin cells differentially in the striatum of the rat

We determined proenkephalin and protachykinin mRNA levels in the striatum of the rat by in situ hybridization histochemistry in controls and in animals treated for 14 days with the potential neuroleptic drug BMY 14802 (15 mg/kg i.p.). Proenkephalin mRNA levels were increased relative to control values by 107, 88 and 94% and protachykinin mRNA levels decreased by 17, 28 and 10% in the rostral, medial and caudal aspects of the caudate-putamen, respectively. The data suggest that sigma receptor activity, directly or indirectly, affects proenkephalin and protachykinin mRNA expression in striatal neurons.
Vigabatrin induced intramyelinic oedema in cerebellum of albino rats

Abstract Introduction Vigabatrin (an antiepileptic drug) is used as the drug of choice in resistant epilepsy and infantile spasms. Ataxia, tremors and abnormal gait have been frequently reported following the use of this drug indicating an involvement of the cerebellum. Hence the present study was designed to study the histopathological effects of Vigabatrin on the cerebellum of albino rats. Methods Rats were divided into control group and experimental group. Vigabatrin was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental group in three graded doses for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, rats were sacrificed, brains dissected out, the cerebellum was separated and fixed. Slides were prepared for histological examination. Results Signs of intramyelinic oedema in the form of vacuolation were seen. Severity of the findings increased with increasing doses. Discussion Vigabatrin may be neurotoxic and should be used with caution, weighing the benefits against the risks. Tests for assessing cerebellar function should be performed during treatment with Vigabatrin and doses should be adjusted accordingly.
Tubercle bacillary extracts immunogenic for mice. 8: Storage stability of trypsin-extracted immunogen

Abstract Water-soluble immunizing antigen extracted directly or indirectly from tubercle bacilli with trypsin retains its immunogenicity for at least 12 years when stored dry at 4°C. One previously immunogenic batch which got wet during such storage lost activity. Although the antigen is prepared most efficiently by direct digestion of acetone-washed bacilli, it can be prepared also by trypsinizing culture medium protein. Virulent or avirulent bacilli can be used as a source of immunogen, they can be either freshly harvested or stored for several years at −29°C.; they can be autoclaved or steamed before extraction. Washing bacilli to be trypsinized with acetone leads to a richer yield of immunogen than extracting their lipids exhaustively with a mixture of ether and alcohol followed by chloroform.
A report of a rare immediate reaction after ingestion of acetaminophen

Background Acetaminophen hypersensitivity is rare and, when seen, is usually in association with sensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods This is a case report of an immediate reaction to acetaminophen, confirmed by a drug challenge, in a subject who tolerated ibuprofen. Results After an oral challenge with 50 mg of acetaminophen, the subject had generalized pruritus, urticaria, and dyspnea. Conclusions This patient demonstrates a rare but potentially severe reaction to acetaminophen that may occur in patients who are not otherwise sensitive to other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
THE IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF TOXINS AND TOXOIDS : VI. THE CRYSTALLIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TETANAL TOXIN

Methods for the purification and crystallization of tetanal toxin are described. The methods consist of the multiphase fractionation system involving methanol as the organic precipitating agent under controlled conditions of pH, ionic strength, protein concentration, and temperature. Crystalline tetanal toxin has an electrophoretic mobility of 2.8 x 10–5 in veronal buffer of 0.1 ionic strength at pH 8.6. The solubility of freshly prepared toxin is essentially constant. The isoelectric point is 5.1 ± 0.1. The crystalline toxin contains 1 per cent sulfur, traces of phosphorus, and gives the usual protein reactions. It does not contain carbohydrate. The crystalline toxin does not precipitate anti- Clostridium tetani rabbit serum. The final product contains between 3400 and 3600 Lf and about 6.6 x 107 M.L.D. per mg. N. Crystalline tetanal toxin is spontaneously converted to a flocculating atoxic dimer upon standing at 0°. This change is accompanied by the appearance of another molecular species as judged by constant solubility tests. Ultracentrifugal analysis of these fractions reveals that tetanal toxin has a sedimentation constant of 4.5 Svedberg units while the atoxic flocculating dimer sediments at 7 S.