cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of in vitro proliferation kinetics and primitive hematopoietic potential of individual human CD34+CD38-/lo cells in G0.

Whether cytokines can modulate the fate of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through successive in vitro cell divisions has not been established. Single human marrow CD34 + CD38 –/lo cells in the G 0 phase of cell cycle were cultured under 7 different cytokine combinations, monitored for proliferation on days 3, 5, and 7, then assayed for long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) function on day 7. LTC-IC function was then retrospectively correlated with prior number of in vitro cell divisions to determine whether maintenance of LTC-IC function after in vitro cell division is dependent on cytokine exposure. In the presence of proliferation progression signals, initial cell division was independent of cytokine stimulation, suggesting that entry of primitive HPCs into the cell cycle is a stochastic property. However, kinetics of proliferation beyond day 3 and maintenance of LTC-IC function were sensitive to cytokine stimulation, such that LTC-IC underwent an initial long cell cycle, followed by more synchronized shorter cycles varying in length depending on the cytokine combination. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) transplantation studies revealed analogous results to those obtained with LTC-ICs. These data suggest that although exit from quiescence and commitment to proliferation might be stochastic, kinetics of proliferation, and possibly fate of primitive HPCs, might be modulated by extrinsic factors.
Enrichment of a Bipotent Hepatic Progenitor Cell from Naïve Adult Liver Tissue

Abstract Background/Aim Recent interest in the liver stem cell field has led to the identification and characterization of several hepatic progenitor cell populations from fetal and adult tissues. We isolated a hepatic progenitor cell from naive adult liver and the current studies focus on differentiation and growth. Results A Sca-1+ hepatic progenitor cell was identified within the liver parenchyma. This cell expresses numerous liver related genes and transcription found in the developing and/or adult liver. It is located in the peri-portal region and expresses markers associated with undifferentiated hepatic cell populations, mature hepatocytes and biliary cells which distinguish it from the Sca-1− fraction. Conclusion This hepatic progenitor cell from uninjured liver has features of both hepatocytic and biliary populations and demonstrates proliferative potential. Further studies will focus on sca-HPC subsets and conditions that regulate differentiation towards hepatic or biliary lineages.
Von Apollo zu Prometheus und Herakles: Ziele und Methoden der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik†

From Apollo to Prometheus and Hercules: Objectives and methods of the chemical process engineering. The objectives and the methods of process engineering can be illustrated by comparison with three figures from Greek mythology: Apollo, the spirit and patron of scholarship, particularly philosophy; Prometheus, visionary in the application of ideas, who stole fire from the gods to use it in the service of mankind; and Hercules, who on behalf of all slayed the dragons which tormented mankind. Classical philosophy provides the historical foundation for process engineering (rational thinking which brings order to the chaos of nature); in the same way, contemporary philosophy can serve as the basis for the definition of the role of process engineering in present day society. The central message of modern philosophy (hermeneutics) is the softening of boundaries and devaluation of differences in methods of cognition; reconciliation between the sciences and society, and emphasis of horizontal rather than vertical thinking. These philosophical concepts have direct implications for the training of process engineers and for the development of new chemical products and processes.
pH Dependence of the Km(CO2) of Ribulose 1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase

The Km(CO2) values of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase in freshly ruptured spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and in the purified form isolated from spinach leaves were found to be pH dependent. Raising the pH of the assay solution produced a substantial decrease in the Km(CO2) of both enzyme systems. In freshly ruptured chloroplasts at pH 7.2 the Km(CO2) was 25 μm, at pH 8 it decreased to 19 μm, and at pH 8.8 a further decrease to 7 μm was found. With the purified enzyme at pH 7.2 the Km(CO2) was 147 μm, while the corresponding Km values for pH 8 and 8.8 were 34 and 15 μm CO2, respectively. The latter figure approximates the physiological Km(CO2) of 10 μm estimated for photosynthesizing leaves and intact chloroplasts. The maximum velocity for both enzyme systems at optimum substrate levels was at pH 8, but the highest calculated rate of CO2 uptake at atmospheric CO2 levels occurred at pH 8.8. These results support the proposal that the light-induced efflux of protons out of the chloroplast stroma may be a major factor involved with the reported in vivo light activation of ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase.
Crystallization of photo-chain extended poly(ethylene glycol)

Abstract Coumarin-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) monols and diols were isothermally crystallized at temperatures between 20 and 35 °C before and after exposure to approximately 110 J cm−2 of ultra-violet A (λ > 300 nm, UVA) irradiation. Irradiation dimerized the coumarin groups and chain-extended the coumarin-functionalized PEG oligomers. The higher molecular weights reduced the crystal growth rate by as much as 50% compared to the non-irradiated coumarin-functionalized PEG oligomers under ambient crystallization conditions. Hoffman’s kinetic nucleation theory was utilized to evaluate the types of nucleation that occurred for the coumarin-functionalized PEG diols (COU–PEG–COU). Crystallization regimes II and III were observed for the coumarin-modified PEG oligomers before and after exposure to UVA light.
Regular hypergraphs, Gordon's lemma, Steinitz' lemma and invariant theory

Abstract Let D(n)(D(n, k)) denote the maximum possible d such that there exists a d-regular hypergraph (d-regular k-uniform hypergraph, respectively) on n vertices containing no proper regular spanning subhypergraph. The problem of estimating D(n) arises in Game Theory and Huckemann and Jurkat were the first to prove that it is finite. Here we give two new simple proofs that D(n), D(n, k) are finite, and determine D(n, 2) precisely for all n ⩾ 2. We also apply this fact to Invariant Theory by showing how it enables one to construct an explicit finite set of generators for the invariants of decomposable forms.
Hybrid total hip arthroplasty: a 7- to 11-year followup.

A consecutive series of 125 hybrid total hip arthroplasties were performed in 120 patients by a single surgeon and were observed for an average of 8.6 years (range, 7-11 years). There were 38 men and 82 women with an average age of 71 years (range, 25-87 years) at the time of surgery. The diagnoses included primary and secondary osteoarthritis in 112 patients, osteonecrosis in 5 patients, and rheumatoid arthritis in 3 patients. All acetabular components were modular and had a Ti shell fixed with an average of 3 screws. The cemented femoral component was either Precoat® or Precoat Plus® with a 28-mm modular CoCr femoral head. The patients were prospectively observed clinically using the Harris hip score and radiographically using the Hip Society methods. Of the 125 total hip arthroplasties, 123 were followed for the entire observation period. The average preoperative Harris Hip Score was 37 (range, 15-55) and at the latest followup was 92 (range, 65-100). One acetabular component was revised for recurrent dislocations 3 years after surgery, and 1 stem was revised for mechanical loosening and 1 stem was radiographically loose. There was no evidence of cup migration of more than 1 mm. There were no radiolucencies around any of the screws. Two sockets had polyethylene wear of 2 mm. Localized pelvic osteolysis was noted in 5 hips (4%). The results of this study suggested that hybrid total hip replacement is an excellent procedure for reconstruction of the arthritic hip with minimal evidence of polyethylene wear and pelvic osteolysis.
Traumatic Stress and Affect Management in Military Families

The war-time deployment of a service member creates significant stress for the family system that supports that person’s transition into combat, combat duty, and readjustment into civilian and family life upon return. The stressors associated with the deployment cycle are significant and can lead to depression, anxiety, and behavioral concerns for all family members including the children and partners. A family’s adaptation to these stressors can also impact the functioning of the service member during the phases of mobilization, deployment, sustainment, and reintegration. Social work interventions that offer support to the military family can reduce levels of distress within and between the members and improve overall family functioning. A case vignette will be presented that highlights some of the salient interpersonal challenges that can develop in a military family when a veteran returns home with posttraumatic stress that is left untreated. Recommendations for interventions will be considered through...
The role of tumor vascularity in predicting survival after yttrium-90 radioembolization for liver metastases.

Purpose It is unclear what role pretreatment tumor vascularity plays in determining outcomes after yttrium-90 radioembolization. A hypothesis was tested that radiographic vascularity of a tumor does not affect patient survival. Materials and Methods In this two-institution retrospective study, 137 patients with metastatic liver disease underwent 90 Y radioembolization. Primary sites were categorized as colon, neuroendocrine, and other. All patients underwent triphasic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as detailed hepatic angiography. Two board-certified interventional radiologists interpreted all images and evaluated them for the presence of enhancement. Median survival times, as well as 1- and 2-year survival rates, were compared between patients with hypervascular and hypovascular tumors on (i) cross-sectional imaging and (ii) angiography with use of the log-rank statistic (α = 0.05). Results On angiography, 108 patients had hypervascular tumors and 29 had hypovascular tumors. Median survival times for the two subgroups were 300 days and 261 days, respectively ( P = .95). On CT, 24 patients had hypervascular tumors and 113 had hypovascular tumors. Median survival times for these subgroups were 306 days and 284 days, respectively ( P = .67). Eighty-four patients' tumors that were hypovascular on CT were hypervascular on angiography. There were no statistical differences in survival between patients with hypervascular and hypovascular tumors, regardless if vascularity was defined based on CT or angiography. Conclusions Radiographic vascular appearance of liver tumors, regardless of imaging modality, does not affect survival after radioembolization. Therefore, hypovascular tumors should not be considered contraindicated for radioembolization.
Probing the effects of electrolytes on intermolecular interactions in solution by optical‐heterodyne detected Raman‐induced kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD‐RIKESH)

Time-domain experimental femtosecond OHD-RIKES results for electrolyte solutions (NaI and LiCIO4 in acetonitrile and ethyl acetate) are presented and discussed within the context of the molecular polarizability ellipsoid of the solvent. It is concluded that the anisotropic part of the liquid intermolecular potential is not significatly influenced by the addition of electrolytes, even at concentrations up to the saturation limit.
Isotropic distributions of test matrices

In 1946, von Neumann and his collaborators used a special distribution of random matrices as a model for estimatinga priori the machine precision needed to solve large linear systems. The present paper identifiesisotropy as a group-theoretic property of this distribution, shows that its matrices are almost never ill-conditioned, and explains how to use other isotropically distributed random matrices for testing the accuracy of numerical methods for solving linear systems and associated error diagnostics.
Computer simulations of the energy dissipation rate in a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter: Implications to cells

Fluorescence activated cell sorting, FACS, is a widely used method to sort subpopulations of cells to high purities. To achieve relatively high sorting speeds, FACS instruments operate by forcing suspended cells to flow in a single file line through a laser(s) beam(s). Subsequently, this flow stream breaks up into individual drops which can be charged and deflected into multiple collection streams. Previous work by Ma et al. (2002) and Mollet et al. (2007; Biotechnol Bioeng 98:772-788) indicates that subjecting cells to hydrodynamic forces consisting of both high extensional and shear components in micro-channels results in significant cell damage. Using the fluid dynamics software FLUENT, computer simulations of typical fluid flow through the nozzle of a BD FACSVantage indicate that hydrodynamic forces, quantified using the scalar parameter energy dissipation rate, are similar in the FACS nozzle to levels reported to create significant cell damage in micro-channels. Experimental studies in the FACSVantage, operated under the same conditions as the simulations confirmed significant cell damage in two cell lines, Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO) and THP1, a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line.
Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of fuerte avocado halves

Fuerte (Persia Americana Mill.) avocado halves were packaged in nylon polyethylene laminate bags with air, vacuum, or a commercial gas mix (5% CO, 15% O2, 80% CO2), and stored at 7.2°C for 21 d. Microbiological analyses, textural changes, weight loss, and color values (Hunter L. a. b. ΔE) were evaluated at 7 d intervals. All samples experienced mesocarp browning during storage which is typically associated with polyphenol oxidase activity. The treated halves were firmer than fresh fruit. There was no difference in weight loss over time or between treatments. The microbiological population did not change over time or with the atmosphere. Anaerobic and psychrotrophic plate counts remained less than 104 CFU/g throughout the study. Due to the low microbiological counts it was concluded that the mesocarp browning was due to non-microbial enzymatic activity.
Multitechnique surface analysis of poly(N-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) and poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-styrene) random copolymers

Abstract The surface structure and bulk compositions of random copolymer systems based on poly(N-vinylpyridine) (N = 2, 4) and poly(N-vinylimidazole) copolymerized with polystyrene were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (X.p.s.) or electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTi.r.) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (s.i.m.s.). The spectroscopic results were correlated with morphology determined from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The X.p.s. results from solution-cast thick films and films cast at the air/water interface from poly(N-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) copolymers indicate equivalent surface and bulk compositions for all angle- and energy-dependent measurements, which are further supported by FTi.r. and EM analyses. On the other hand, surface enrichment of polystyrene was observed in angle-dependent X.p.s. analysis of poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-styrene) preparations. Attenuated total reflectance and transmission i.r. peak intensity ratios are equivalent, which suggests that segregation of polystyrene in the poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-styrene) system is localized to a region less than 30 A from the air/polymer interface. In addition, the s.i.m.s. technique was shown to be sensitive to structural differences arising from pH changes as well as to the detection of dimer ions in these systems.
Nitrous oxide emission from Gulf Coast wetlands

Nitrous oxide evolution may contribute to partial destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. A two year study of the release of N2O from adjoining salt, brackish, and fresh marsh sediment indicates that the annual emission was 31, 48, and 55 mg N m−2 respectively. Emission from open water area was less than the corresponding emission from the marsh sediment. In vitro experiments indicate that the N2O emission was increased when the sediment was drained for extended periods of time. The addition of NO3− significantly increased the rate of N2O evolution, indicating that a large potential for denitrification exists in the anoxic sediment. Appreciable losses of N2O would only be expected when the marshes receive an extraneous source of nitrate such as sewage and/or wastewater. The contribution of the Gulf Coast wetlands to the atmospheric N2O balance is estimated to be 3.3 × 109 g N2O. The maximum average daily emission was equivalent to 1.5 g N2O-N ha−1, which is less than the measured emission from uncultivated soils (Mosieret al., 1981) but greater than the estimates from noncropped land (CAST, 1976).
Endovascular treatment of the distal internal carotid artery large aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE According to the development of endovascular technique and devices, larger aneurysms on the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) can be treated using a less invasive method. The authors report on clinical and angiographic outcomes of these aneurysms treated using an endovascular technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 21 patients with large aneurysms at distal ICA treated by endovascular method between January 2005 and December 2012 were included in this retrospective analysis. RESULTS Clinical outcome of patients showed strong correlation with the initial neurologic status (p < 0.05). Aneurysm morphology showed saccular, fusiform, and wide-neck in 12, six and three patients. Six patients underwent stent assisted coiling and the other 15 patients underwent simple coiling. Aneurysm occlusion was performed immediately after embolization with near-complete (Raymond class 1-2) in 20 patients (95.2%) and incomplete (Raymond class 3) in one patient (4.8%). Delayed thrombotic occlusion occurred in two patients and their clinical result was fatal. Another five patients died in the hospital, from massive brain edema and/or increased intracranial pressure due to initial subarachnoid hemorrhage. Overall mortality was 30% (seven out of 21). Fatal complication related to the endovascular procedure occurred in two patients with thrombosis at middle cerebral artery (one with stent, the other without it). CONCLUSION Recent developed endovascular device and technique is safe enough and a less invasive method for distal large or giant aneurysms. Based on our analysis of the study, we suspect that coil embolization of large distal ICA aneurysms (with or without stenting) is effective and safe.
Residual Mn and associated soybean yield response from MnSO4 application on a sandy loam soil

A field experiment was initiated in 1977 to evaluate soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) response to rates of broadcast Mn and was continued in 1978 to determine the residual effects of applied Mn. This study was conducted on a Dragston fine sandy loam soil with an initial pH of 6.0 and 2.5% organic matter. In 1977 the 40kg Mn/ha rate increased seed yields by 900 kg/ha and raised leaf tissue Mn concentration from 10.3 to 16.1 μg Mn/g. Residual Mn increased seed yield and leaf Mn concentration. Reapplied Mn produced higher yields and tissue Mn levels than the residual Mn. The Mitscherlich plant growth model r=0.67**, fit the relationship between yield and leaf Mn concentration. Double acid extractable Mn in soil sampled in 1978 was linearly related to broadcast Mn and soybean yields. Applied Mn increased Mn concentrations of soybean seed parts by 97%, 182% and 109% in the cotyledon, embryo and seedcoat, respectively.
Communication, discourse and activity

The article questions the separation of discourse from object‐oriented productive activity, evident in both conversation analysis (CA) and critical discourse analysis (CDA). This separation leads to difficulties in the choice of a unit of analysis. It is argued that these difficulties may be overcome by focusing the analysis on situated activity systems. An activity‐system analysis directs the attention to the intertwining of instrumental‐productive and influence‐power aspects of communication in organizations. Beyond that, the tension‐laden and unstable nature of actions, seen in the context of the inherently contradictory activity system that generates them, invites the researcher to search for the dynamics and possibilities of change and development involved in mundane disturbances of organizational communication.
Evidence for radical formation at Tyr-353 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis KatG is a heme-containing catalase-peroxidase responsible for activation, through its peroxidase cycle, of the front line antituberculosis antibiotic isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide). Formation of Compound I (oxyferryl heme-porphyrin π-cation radical), the classical peroxidase intermediate generated when the resting enzyme turns over with alkyl peroxides, is rapidly followed by production of a protein-centered tyrosyl radical in this enzyme. In our efforts to identify the residue at which this radical is formed, nitric oxide was used as a radical scavenging reagent. Quenching of the tyrosyl radical generated in the presence of NO was shown using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and formation of nitrotyrosine was confirmed by proteolytic digestion followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis of the NO-treated enzyme. These results are consistent with formation of nitrosyltyrosine by addition of NO to tyrosyl radical and oxidation of this intermediate to nitrotyrosine. Two predominant nitrotyrosine-containing peptides were identified that were purified and sequenced by Edman degradation. Both peptides were derived from the same M. tuberculosis KatG sequence spanning residues 346–356 with the amino acid sequence SPAGAWQYTAK, and both peptides contained nitrotyrosine at residue 353. Some modification of Trp-351 most probably into nitrosotryptophan was also found in one of the two peptides. Control experiments using denatured KatG or carried out in the absence of peroxide did not produce nitrotyrosine. In the mutant enzyme KatG(Y353F), which was constructed using site-directed mutagenesis, a tyrosyl radical was also formed upon turnover with peroxide but in poor yield compared with wild-type KatG. Residue Tyr-353 is unique to M. tuberculosis KatG and may play a special role in the function of this enzyme.
Relationship between attachment to owners and separation anxiety in pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Abstract Dogs' dysfunctional attachment relationships with their owners are assumed to be the underlying cause of separation anxiety. Thirty-two dogs with and 43 dogs without owner-reported separation anxiety (SA) participated in a formal attachment test (AT). After the AT, the dogs were videotaped for 30 minutes while alone at home. Dogs left free in the house were scored on how long they were in proximity to the owners' exit doors. Dogs who were crated or closely confined were scored on several anxiety-related behaviors, which were then compared to those dogs' behaviors during the attachment test. Dogs with SA spent no more time in contact with or proximity to their owners during the attachment test than dogs without SA ( P >0.05). Instead, they tended to jump up on the door after the strangers left the room and remain stationary when alone with their owners ( P P >0.05) between SA and non-SA dogs in the amount of time spent in proximity to the owners' exit doors when left alone at home. Dogs crated at home showed no relationship between the amount of anxiety-related behaviors during the AT or at home ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the type of proximity-seeking behaviors exhibited by dogs with and without SA in the home ( P >0.02). These finding suggest that separation anxiety is not based on "hyperattachment" of the dog to the owner, but that a different attachment style may be present between dogs with and without SA.
Some Renewal Theorems with Application to a First Passage Problem

Let X i , i=l, 2, 3, … be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with EǀX i ǀ 0. Write \(X_i^ - = - \min \left( {0,X_i } \right),S_n = \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {X_i } \) and \(M_n = \max\nolimits_{1 \leqq k \leqq n} S_k \). In this paper we shall discuss the asymptotic behabiour as x → ∞ of the sums \(\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n \Pr \left( {S_n \leqq x} \right)} \) and \(\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {a_n \Pr \left( {M_n \leqq x} \right)} \) for certain classes of positive coefficient sequences {a n } and use the results on the latter sums to investigate the behaviour of the first passage time out of the interval (− ∞, x] for the process s n as x→∞.
Factors Contributing to Global Digital Divide: Some Empirical Results

AbstractThe present paper investigates the factors that contribute to the problem of digital divide in the global community. The global digital divide is defined as the difference in the value of IT index (comprised of four IT adoption data: the Internet, PC, Cell phone and telephone) of a nation from the U.S. A model is proposed that contains several new indicators, not tried in the literature before. The model is then tested on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) over a period of time. Results indicate that some of these indicators explain the existence of global digital divide. The study also concludes that the factors that are responsible for such divide are not all common for OECD and ECLAC set of nations and that significances of these indicators also vary over time.
Porous synthetic smectic clay for the reinforcement of epoxy polymers

Abstract We report the properties of a porous synthetic clay (saponite, denoted SAP) for the reinforcement of rubbery and glassy epoxy polymers. Remarkably, reinforcement properties superior to those of organo-montmorillonite can be achieved without the need for a surface organic modifier, as evidenced by the improvements in tensile strength, modulus and toughness at temperature above and below the glass transition temperature of the polymer. The disordered stacking of clay platelets ∼50 nm in lateral dimension gives rise to aggregated tactoids with a BET surface area of 920 m 2 /g, an average BJH pore size of 5.0 nm, and a pore volume of 1.98 cm 3 /g. These unique textural properties facilitate the dispersion of the tactoids into the polymer matrix and allow reinforcement of the polymer matrix in the absence of an organic modifier.
Association of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Aspartate Aminotransferase Levels with Histopathology during Ligature-induced Periodontitis in the Beagle Dog

Previous investigations have shown a clear association between the presence of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and clinical evidence of periodontal disease in humans, as well as in the beagle dog model. This paper describes a 26-week study that uses the beagle dog model of ligature-induced periodontitis in which GCF-AST (corrected for collection time) was correlated with microscopic evidence of tissue destruction in the periodontium at the sites of fluid collection. GCF and clinical data were collected at baseline, at optimal gingival health, during gingivitis, and after ligation. A cross-mouth design was implemented so that six premolar teeth in each dog were ligated for periods up to five weeks. Formalin-fixed tissues from the sites of GCF collection were prepared for light microscopy and evaluated for the presence of epithelial ulceration, bone resorption, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The relationship between GCF-AST levels and microscopic findings ...
Multivariate regression estimation with errors-in-variables for stationary processes

We consider the estimation of multivariate regression functions of stationary random processes with errors-in-variables. The strong consistency and uniform convergence rates, over compact sets, are established for kernel-type deconvolution estimators and strongly mixing processes. The dependence of the convergence rates on the errors distributions is examined; both ordinary and super smooth error distributions are considered.
Philip M. Morse and the Beginnings

Morse was the many-sided founding father of operations research in the United States. Following his pioneering wartime effort, he vigorously promoted the nonmilitary development of the field. A glimpse into his activities and accomplishments helps explain the vitality and high intellectual standards of the field.
Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms by Sound in Passer domesticus

The circadian locomotor rhythm of house sparrows was entrained by a sound stimulus. The birds were maintained at a constant temperature in, dim green light. The entraining agent was 4 ½ 12 hours of tape-recorded bird song ,played each day. Variations in the response to this stimulus have been correlated with individual variations in free-running period. This is the first clear demonstration that a biological clock can be influenced by sound stimuli.
Managing Dialectics to Make a Difference: Tension Management in a Community-Building Organization

This article is an ethnographic report of the dialectic tension management practices of a community-building organization called the Nehemiah Group. 1 This group unites local churches to serve the community. This three-year participant-observation study documents how group members manage two primary and intertwined dialectic tensions: noncooperation-cooperation and unity-division. Members use multiple practices to manage these tensions and other intertwined tensions: They construct narratives to voice moral issues, to alternate between tension poles to address pragmatic obstacles, to frame tensions as complementary through segmentation, and rely on prayer rituals to reframe tensions. From this analysis, three implications follow: (a) moral narratives serve to construct framing options, (b) a larger discursive history is utilized to create counternarratives, and (c) metadiscursive practices rely on rituals to manage tensions.
Numerical results for the quantum anti-ferromagnetic Heisenberg model in 2-D

Abstract Results are presented for the ground state energy, staggered magnetization, spin wave velocity and susceptibility of the spin 1 2 quantum antiferromagnetic Heisenberg Model (believed to be relevant to the high temperature superconducting materials without doping).
Interaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione with the Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 surface: Scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory study

Abstract Room temperature adsorption and reaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (dpmH) on the Si(1 0 0)-2 × 1 surface has been studied with ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The molecule is found to chemisorb as a mixture of at least five distinct species. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the structures and adsorption energies of 12 possible addition products. Unique bonding assignments for each experimental feature are proposed by consideration of a common intermediate reaction network, and a comparison of possible reaction pathways leading to the final products. These assignments are: OH inter-dimer dissociation, OH intra-dimer dissociation, 1,5 intra-dimer addition, 1,5 inter-dimer addition, and intra-dimer [2 + 2]C O addition with OH dissociation on an adjacent dimer. TPD and STM results show that the molecule dissociates completely upon annealing to 700 °C with formation of the c(4 × 4) phase at low exposures, and SiC islands for exposures exceeding 0.15 L.
Ventral striatopallidal parts of the basal ganglia in the rat i. neurochemical compartmentation as reflected by the distributions of neurotensin and substance p immunoreactivity

The distribution of neurotensin immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia of the adult rat was evaluated by studying alternate serial vibratome sections that were exposed to antiserum against neurotensin, substance P, or cholecystokinin. It was observed that a heterogeneous distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals contributes to the neurochemical compartmentation of the ventral pallidum and ventral striatum, and that significant numbers of neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons occupy striatal districts of the olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, and ventromedial caudate-putamen. An intense band of pallidal neurotensin immunoreactivity characterizes the medial part of the ventral pallidum adjacent to the nucleus accumbens, whose medial boundary is conveniently defined in sections incubated with cholecystokinin antiserum. Electron microscopic studies showed that the pallidal plexus of neurotensin-immunoreactive elements consists primarily of boutons, which contact large dendrites in arrangements that in all respects appear to be of the classical striatopallidal variety. A gradual decrease in immunolabel was observed approaching the lateral parts of the ventral pallidum, which display sparse neurotensin immunoreactivity. The results thus indicate the existence of a significant neurotensinergic striatopallidal pathway confined primarily, if not exclusively, to the medial part of the ventral striatopallidal system. The contribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals to the compartmentation of ventral striatum is expressed most vividly in their exclusion from clusters of tightly packed medium-sized neurons, many of which are intensely substance P immunoreactive. Such clusters appear identical with those previously described as rich in opiate receptors and poor in acetylcholinesterase activity. In the ventral striatal region where the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial caudate-putamen merge, neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons are organized in clusters. Further rostral in the nucleus accumbens, they are more evenly distributed. Few were found in the dorsolateral quadrant of the neostriatum.
The L3 neuron and an associated prothoracic network are involved in calling song recognition by female crickets

In young virginAcheta domesticus females, the spiking response of the prothoracic L3 auditory interneuron discriminates between calling songs (CSs) with phonotactically attractive and unattractive syllable periods (SPs), which parallels phonotactic discrimination. Presentation of a CS with an originally attractive SP, but with the intensity modulated so as to minimize L3's selective response, results in a CS with little phonotactic attractiveness. Conversely, a CS with an originally unattractive SP becomes much more attractive when the CS is intensity modulated in ways that duplicate L3's selective response. L3's discriminatory response to CS SP deteriorates with age, in parallel with decreased phonotactic selectiveness (females, older than 14 days, typically are unselective for CS SPs). SP-selective processing, which was not apparent in these old L3s, is immediately restored by removing the contralateral ear. SP-specific information is resident in a network of neurons within the prothoracic ganglion that results in the SP selective responses of the L3 neuron in young females. Changes in the SP-selective responses of the L3 neuron are highly correlated with corresponding changes in the female's phonotactically selective behavior.
An APL approach to presentation graphics

Producing data in pictorial form is a type of computer graphics application known as presentation graphics. One approach that has been used for this type of graphics is a graphic support package using APL as the command language. Here discussed is the evolution of this approach up to its currently available forms.
Upregulation of the mitochondrial transport protein, Tim50, by mutant p53 contributes to cell growth and chemoresistance

The p53 gene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Some p53 mutations impart additional functions that promote oncogenesis. To investigate how these p53 mutants function, a proteomic analysis was performed. The protein, translocator of the inner mitochondrial membrane 50 (Tim50), was upregulated in a non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H1299) that expressed the p53 mutants R175H and R273H compared to cells lacking p53. Tim50 was also elevated in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3, that endogenously express the p53 mutants R175H and R273H, respectively, compared to MCF-10A. The p53 mutants R175H and R273H, but not WT p53, upregulated the expression of a Tim50 promoter construct and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis indicated increased histone acetylation and increased interaction of the transcription factors Ets-1, CREB and CREB-binding protein (CBP) with the Tim50 promoter in the presence of mutant p53. Finally, reduction of Tim50 expression reduced the growth rate and chemoresistance of cells harboring mutant p53 but had no effect upon cells lacking p53. Taken together, these findings identify the Tim50 gene as a transcriptional target of mutant p53 and suggest a novel mechanism by which p53 mutants enhance cell growth and chemoresistance.
Hydrocarbons in bivalve mollusks of Port Valdez, Alaska: Consequences of five years' permitted discharge

Petroleum hydrocarbons were investigated in Mytilus edulis and Macoma balthica at six intertidal sites in Port Valdez, Alaska after three to five years of oil terminal operation. Information about the concentrations of total hydrocarbons, unresolved complex mixture, normal alkanes, isoprenoids, olefins, hopanes and polycyclic aromatic hyrocarbons shows that petroleum accumulation in these bivalve mollusks is greatest at the Valdez municipal boat harbor and a crude oil terminal which has been permitted to discharge 170 kg oil day−1. Accumulation two- to ten-fold less were observed at 3 km from the terminal and boat harbor. The temporal trends in petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in M. edulis and M. balthica reflect the effects of selective retention and depuration of different hydrocarbon classes as well as variation in hydrocarbon sources. It is not clear whether the petroleum concentrations in Port Valdez bivalves had reached steady state by 1982, the final sampling time reported here.
Modeling behavioral problems of children in the child welfare system: Caregiver, youth, and teacher perceptions

Abstract Using data from two national United States probability samples, the NSCAW Child Protective Services (N = 5501) and Long Term Foster Care (N = 727) samples, this study identifies predictors of child behavioral problems of children referred to child protective services or in long-term foster care. Measurements are presented from three survey waves using raw score behavioral problem scores provided by caregivers, teachers, and youth. The dependent variable is the square root of the raw Total Problems score from the Child Behavior Checklist (caregivers; [Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the child behavior checklist 4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont]), Teachers Report Form (teachers; [Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the teacher's report form and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont]), or Youth Self-Report (youth; [Achenbach, T. M. (1991c). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont]). From the perspective of caregivers, children in nonkinship foster homes evidenced higher behavioral problems than did those in birth family homes, kinship foster homes, and other living situations. In contrast (in weighted models), from the perspective of teachers, behavior problems of children in kinship foster homes exceeded those of children in nonkinship foster homes. Child gender interacted with source of report with problem levels for girls being considerably lower than those for boys as reported by teachers, somewhat lower as reported by caregivers, and modestly higher as reported by youth. Ethnicity of caregiver also interacted with report source. In particular, the combination of minority ethnicity and teacher report predicted elevated behavioral problems. Lower educational level of the caregiver predicted increased behavioral problems from the perspective of the teacher but not from that of the caregiver. Multilevel models are developed with and without sampling weights. Implications for practice are discussed.
Energy metabolism--an overview.

The most basic requirement for sustaining life is energy. Over the centuries it has been recognized that the living body is warm and begins to cool at the time of death. Referring to great scientists – Harvey, Boerhaave, Black, Priestley, Scheele, Lavoisier, Liebig, Pettenkofer, Rubner, Voit, Lusk, DuBois – the change in paradigm connected with the concepts of ‘life’, ‘substrate intake’ and ‘body heat’ and their underlying natural phenomena is outlined. The late 19th and early 20th century were extremely eventful in the evolution of the understanding of energy and its application to medicine. Definitions and concepts of metabolic body size, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity are described. Further, metabolism adapted to starvation, postaggression metabolism and energy balance corresponding to their historical development and to the recent knowledge are elucidated.
Magnetomicelles: Composite Nanostructures from Magnetic Nanoparticles and Cross-Linked Amphiphilic Block Copolymers

We report the synthesis, characterization, and covalent surface chemistry of “magnetomicelles”, cross-linked, amphiphilic block-copolymer micelles that encapsulate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Because these composite nanostructures assemble spontaneously from solution by simultaneous desolvation of nanoparticle and amphiphilic poly(styrene250-block-acrylic acid13) components, explicit surface functionalization of the particles is not required, and the encapsulation method was applied to different magnetic nanoparticle sizes and compositions. TEM images of the magnetomicelles illustrated that the number of encapsulated particles could be dictated rationally by synthetic conditions. The magnetic properties of the particles were characterized by SQUID magnetometry and followed the general Langevin magnetic model for superparamagnetic materials. The micellar shells of these particles were functionalized using covalent chemistry that would not ordinarily be possible on the magnetic particle surf...
Regioselective 12CO/13CO exchange activity of a mixed-valent Fe(II)Fe(I) model of the Hox state of [FeFe]-hydrogenase

A mixed-valent Fe(ii)Fe(i) model of the H(ox) state of [FeFe]-hydrogenase is shown, under certain conditions, to exhibit regioselective (12)CO/(13)CO exchange activity similar to that observed for H(ox).
Gaussian belief space planning with discontinuities in sensing domains

Discontinuities in sensing domains are common when planning for many robotic navigation and manipulation tasks. For cameras and 3D sensors, discontinuities may be inherent in sensor field of view or may change over time due to occlusions that are created by moving obstructions and movements of the sensor. The associated gaps in sensor information due to missing measurements pose a challenge for belief space and related optimization-based planning methods since there is no gradient information when the system state is outside the sensing domain. We address this in a belief space context by considering the signed distance to the sensing region. We smooth out sensing discontinuities by assuming that measurements can be obtained outside the sensing region with noise levels depending on a sigmoid function of the signed distance. We sequentially improve the continuous approximation by increasing the sigmoid slope over an outer loop to find plans that cope with sensor discontinuities. We also incorporate the information contained in not obtaining a measurement about the state during execution by appropriately truncating the Gaussian belief state. We present results in simulation for tasks with uncertainty involving navigation of mobile robots and reaching tasks with planar robot arms. Experiments suggest that the approach can be used to cope with discontinuities in sensing domains by effectively re-planning during execution.
Aquatic soluble unreactive phosphorus: concentration by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes

Abstract Ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were used to concentrate and molecular size fractionate soluble unreactive phosphorus (SUP) present in lake water. Qualitative behavior of the UF and RO membranes with SUP was examined using the model SUP compounds: highly polymerized DNA, degraded DNA, inositol hexaphosphate and orthophosphate. To concentrate and molecular size fractionate SUP in lake water, UF and RO membranes were placed in series with the larger pore sized membrane preceding the smaller pore sized membrane. Six different membrane sequence configurations were examined. The percent SUP recovery of twenty lake water samples collected over a year ranged from 16 to 100%. The percent SUP recovery was examined as a function of the membrane sequence used, volume concentration factor, the initial SUP concentration and the reason of collection. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the initial SUP concentration was the only major factor for SUP recovery. Calculated permeation factors for each sample illustrate that seasonal changes in the SUP composition may be occurring.
Parameter estimation for wavelet transformed ultrasonic signals

Abstract In this paper, we first present a closed-form analytical solution for Wavelet transformed ultrasonic signals, which can be utilized for non-destructive evaluation. A family of wavelet transformed multiple echo ultrasonic signals is parameterized in terms of the closed-form solutions. For the given noisy version of wavelet transformed multiple echoes, the separable nonlinear least squares (SNLS) technique is applied to estimate the associated unknown parameters. For an illustrated example, the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the covariance matrix of the estimated parameters is calculated and compared to the covariance matrix generated by Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed method is applied to two illustrative examples and to actual ultrasonic A-scan data from water-immersion tests to demonstrate its usefulness as an effective non-destructive evaluation technique.
Ultrastructure of the human toenail. II. Keratinization and formation of the marginal band.

Human tonenail cells keratinized by accretion of cytoplasmic filaments and without the formation of keratohyaline granules. Clumping of cytoplasmic filaments first formed prekeratin fibrils which eventually filled the entire cytoplasm and became keratin fibrils. Within some of the prekeratin, and in the majority of the keratin fibrils, filaments measuring 65–75 A showing a central core were observed. Numerous free ribosomes and a number of round, rough-surfaced cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum were present in the keratinizing nail cells. A marginal band formed and was responsible for the doubling of the thickness of the cellular envelope. This was not derived from the material of the membrane-coating granules. The marginal band was protease resistant. The original plasma membrane did not increase in thickness and was observed outside the marginal band.