cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A novel low temperature integration of hybrid CMOS devices on flexible substrates

Abstract In this work we demonstrate a novel integration approach to fabricate CMOS circuits on plastic substrates (poly-ethylene naphthalate, PEN). We use pentacene and amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) as p-channel and n-channel devices, respectively. The maximum processing temperature for n-channel TFTs is 180 °C and 120 °C for the p-channel TFTs. CMOS circuits demonstrated in this work include inverters, NAND, and NOR gates. Carrier mobilities for nMOS and pMOS after the CMOS integration process flow are 0.75 and 0.05 cm2/V s, respectively. Threshold voltages (Vt) are 1.14 V for nMOS and −1.89 V for pMOS. The voltage transfer curve of the CMOS inverter showed a gain of 16. Correct logic operation of integrated flexible NAND and NOR CMOS gates is also demonstrated. In addition, we show that the pMOS gate dielectric is likely failing after electrical stress.
Cyclophosphamide in progressive membranous glomerulopathy: pro and con.

Excerpt To the Editors:Although the report by Falk and associates (1) provides new data regarding the prognosis and therapy of membranous glomerulopathy, several aspects of this study limit its gen...
Molecular cloning and sequence determination of DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses

Abstract Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV) belong to the Picornaviridae, and are divided into two subgroups. TO subgroup strains produce a persistent demyelinating central nervous system infection in mice, while GDVII subgroup strains cause acute polioencephalomyelitis. We generated three overlapping clones of the genome of DA strain, a member of TO subgroup. Sequence analysis revealed that the genome is 8093 nucleotides long with a poly(A) tail. The 5′ noncoding region stretches from nucleotides 1 to 1065 and lacks a poly(C) tract. The open reading frame stretches from 1066 to 7968 and encodes 2301 amino acids. DA strain sequence is more closely related to members of the Cardiovirus genus than to members of other Picornavirus genera. Comparison with sequence of BeAn strain, another TO subgroup strain, showed that the P1 area has the greatest number of differences, while the noncoding regions are more well-conserved. The three overlapping clones will be important in recombinant infectious cDNA studies between strains of both subgroups.
Chemical screening by mass spectrometry to identify inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor.

Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is applicable to a broad range of biological analytes and has the important advantage that it does not require analytes to be labeled. A drawback of MS methods, however, is the need for chromatographic steps to prepare the analyte, precluding MS from being used in chemical screening and rapid analysis. Here, we report that surfaces that are chemically tailored for characterization by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight MS eliminate the need for sample processing and make this technique adaptable to parallel screening experiments. The tailored substrates are based on self-assembled monolayers that present ligands that interact with target proteins and enzymes. We apply this method to screen a chemical library against protease activity of anthrax lethal factor, and report a compound that inhibits lethal factor activity with a Ki of 1.1 μM and blocks the cleavage of MEK1 in 293 cells.
Protein Kinase Cα Phosphorylates a Novel Argininosuccinate Synthase Site at Serine 328 during Calcium-dependent Stimulation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) utilizes l-arginine as its principal substrate, converting it to l-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). l-Citrulline is recycled to l-arginine by two enzymes, argininosuccinate synthase (AS) and argininosuccinate lyase, providing the substrate arginine for eNOS and NO production in endothelial cells. Together, these three enzymes, eNOS, AS, and argininosuccinate lyase, make up the citrulline-NO cycle. Although AS catalyzes the rate-limiting step in NO production, little is known about the regulation of AS in endothelial cells beyond the level of transcription. In this study, we showed that AS Ser-328 phosphorylation was coordinately regulated with eNOS Ser-1179 phosphorylation when bovine aortic endothelial cells were stimulated by either a calcium ionophore or thapsigargin to produce NO. Furthermore, using in vitro kinase assay, kinase inhibition studies, as well as protein kinase Cα (PKCα) knockdown experiments, we demonstrate that the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of AS Ser-328 is mediated by PKCα. Collectively, these findings suggest that phosphorylation of AS at Ser-328 is regulated in accordance with the calcium-dependent regulation of eNOS under conditions that promote NO production and are in keeping with the rate-limiting role of AS in the citrulline-NO cycle of vascular endothelial cells.
Wartime vascular injuries in the pediatric population of Iraq and Afghanistan: 2002-2011.

Abstract Background Contemporary war-related studies focus primarily on adults with few reporting the injuries sustained in local pediatric populations. The objective of this study is to characterize pediatric vascular trauma at US military hospitals in wartime Iraq and Afghanistan. Methods Review of the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) (2002–2011) identified patients (1–17years old) treated at US military hospitals in Iraq and Afghanistan using ICD-9 and procedure codes for vascular injury. Results US military hospitals treated 4402 pediatric patients between 2002 and 2011. One hundred fifty-five patients (3.5%) had a vascular injury. Mean age, gender, and injury severity score (ISS) were 11.1±4.1years, 79% male, and 34±13.5, respectively. Vascular injuries were primarily from penetrating mechanisms (95.6%; 58.0% blast injury) to the extremity (65.9%), torso (25.4%), and neck (8.6%). Injuries were ligated (31%), reconstructed (63%), or observed (2%). Limb salvage rate was 95%. Mortality rate was 9%. Conclusions This study is the first to report vascular trauma in a pediatric population at wartime. Vascular injuries involve a high percentage of extremity and torso wounding. Torso vascular injury in children is four times lethal relative to other injury patterns, and therefore should be considered in operational planning both in the military and civilian setting regarding pediatric vascular injuries.
Coverage control in an isotropic Gaussian mixture environment

In this work we address the problem of coverage control of a group of mobile sensors in a convex and bounded environment which is subject to an isotropic Gaussian mixture (GM) model. We consider the case that the GM model is introduced by a known number of information sources with time-varying locations. We show by examples that in such a dynamic environment, it may not be possible and feasible for sensors to gain a nondecreasing and maximal reward. Instead, in the case of allowing sensors act autonomously in the environment, we present the upper and lower bound of rewards of sensors. Finally, we give an algorithm using the sweep-pursuit-capture strategy for a group of sensors. Our result shows that after a finite time, we can possess upper and lower bounds of rewards for sensors at each time step before their next deployment.
Estimation of Velocity from Argos-tracked Surface Drifters during OCEAN STORMS

Abstract Modern surface drifters tracked by Argos are an attractive method for measuring the spatial structure of near-surface currents. This note discusses the accuracy to which velocity can be estimated from such data, assuming perfect drifters. The analysis concentrates on data from OCEAN STORMS centered at 47.5°N in the eastern North Pacific, a region of low mesoscale activity. The irregular, but nearly diurnally repeating, pattern of fixes leads to leakage between near-inertial (1.48 cpd) and subinertial (0.5 cpd) frequencies. Total spectral leakage for a naive spline interpolant of the fixes is about 2×10−3 in energy, or 5% in amplitude. Other interpolants can produce an order of magnitude more leakage. An algorithm that controls these errors is described. Only an inertial peak and frequencies well below 0.5 cpd can be resolved. The remaining noise can be described as the sum of a random fix error of 600 m rms and unresolved subinertial velocities with an rms displacement of about 550 m. The errors ...
NAV: a tool for producing presentation quality animations of graphical cognitive model dynamics.

Computational models of cognition often exhibit complex dynamics that are difficult to discern without the use of visualization tools. Current tools often provide insight only to the modeling expert, however, and they provide limited functionality for communicating model dynamics to the nonexpert, as is needed during scientific presentations and in educational settings. We present NAV, the Node Activity Visualizer, an easy-to-use and portable software tool that interactively transforms the output of cognitive modeling simulators into presentation quality animations of model performance. nt]mis|The members of the Vanderbilt University Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory for their helpful comments.
Multiple Amplatzer septal occluder devices for multiple atrial communications: immediate and long-term follow-up results.

Objectives: We report on the feasibility, effectiveness, and long-term outcome of transcatheter closure of multiple ASD's using multiple ASO devices. Background: Little is known about the use and long-term outcome of multiple Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) devices to close multiple atrial septal defects (ASD's). Methods: From May 1997 to June 2006, 33 patients (mean age 38.9 years and mean weight 68 kg) underwent transcatheter closure of multiple ASD's under transesophageal (TEE) or intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) guidance. Results: Unless not available, the device size chosen to be deployed was ±2 mm larger than the stretched diameter or no more than 30–40% larger than the ICE/TEE 2D diameter. Sixty-seven devices were deployed in 33 patients. The mean diameters of the larger and smaller defects were 12.9 and 7.7 mm, and the corresponding mean balloon stretched diameters were 19.2 and 12.0 mm, respectively. The mean larger and smaller device diameters were 19.0 and 13.4 mm, respectively. The mean QP: Qs ratio was 1.8:1. The mean fluoroscopy time, and procedure time were 16.4 and 81.6 min respectively. Immediately after the procedure 15 patients had complete closure, 8 had trivial shunt, 9 had small shunt and one had large shunt. Complications included a device embolization within 24 hr and left atrial-aortic wall erosion and pericardial effusion at 2 years. The mean follow-up interval was 34.8 + 25.7 months. Conclusions: Device closure of multiple ASD's using multiple ASO's is safe and effective. Continued follow-up is important to assess the long-term outcome. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
40Ar/39Ar age spectra of some undisturbed terrestrial samples☆

Abstract 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age spectra and 40 Ar/ 36 Ar vs 39 Ar/ 36 Ar isochrons were determined by incremental heating for 11 terrestrial rocks and minerals whose geology indicates that they represent essentially undisturbed systems. The samples include muscovite, biotite, hornblende, sanidine, plagioclase, dacite, diabase and basalt and range in age from 40 to 1700 m.y. For each sample, the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ratios, corrected for atmospheric and neutron-generated argon isotopes, are the same for most of the gas fractions released and the age spectra, which show pronounced plateaus, thus are consistent with models previously proposed for undisturbed samples. Plateau ages and isochron ages calculated using plateau age fractions are concordant and appear to be meaningful estimates of the crystallization and cooling ages of these samples. Seemingly anomalous age spectrum points can be attributed entirely to small amounts of previously unrecognized argon loss and to gas fractions that contain too small (less than 2 per cent) a proportion of the 39 Ar released to be geologically significant. The use of a quantitative abscissa for age spectrum diagrams is recommended so that the size of each gas fraction is readily apparent. Increments containing less than about 4–5 per cent of the total 39 Ar released should be interpreted cautiously. Both the age spectrum and isochron methods of data reduction for incremental heating experiments are worthwhile, as each gives slightly different but complementary information about the sample from the same basic data. Use of a least-squares fit that allows for correlated errors is recommended for 40 Ar/ 36 Ar vs 39 Ar/ 36 Ar isochrons. The results indicate that the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental heating technique can be used to distinguish disturbed from undisturbed rock and mineral systems and will be a valuable geochronological tool in geologically complex terranes.
Ultraviolet Photon-induced Synthesis and Trapping of H2O2 and O3 in Porous Water Ice Films in the Presence of Ambient O2: Implications for Extraterrestrial Ice

The mass uptake of ambient oxygen in nanoporous ice is enhanced by irradiation with 193 nm photons, due to conversion of O2 into H2O2 and O3, with an efficiency that increases with decreasing temperature. These findings show a new way to form H2O2 and O3 on icy surfaces in the outer solar system at depths much larger than are accessible by typical ionizing radiation, with possible astrobiological implications.
Comparative chemical, enzymatic and immunochemical features of brain cathepsin D

Abstract 1. 1. The comparative features of brain cathepsin Ds obtained from human, bovine, guinea pig and rat specimens were examined. Cathepsin D was isolated from the brain of each animal by homogenization, extraction and affinity chromatography on immobilized pepstatin. 2. 2. The preparation of enzyme from each species showed a similar range of specific activity and fractionated on gel filtration with an apparent mol. wt of 40,000–42,000. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the enzyme proteins of cow, human and guinea pig demonstrated quantitative differences in components of 42,000, 31,000 and 13,000 mol. wt. The rat enzyme differed from all the others in that the major band migrated with an apparent mol. wt of 40,000. 3. 3. As determined by double antibody-radioimmunoassay, the brain cathepsin D proteins showed very limited immunochemical cross-reactivity. The degradative effect of human, bovine, guinea pig and rat brain cathepsin Ds on human, bovine and guinea pig myelin basic proteins was determined by the species of the myelin basic protein and not the source of the cathepsin D. 4. 4. This study demonstrates that in spite of molecular differences, illustrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemical studies, these brain cathepsin Ds have a very similar, if not identical, enzymatic effect on a substrate brain protein. This suggests that the enzymatically active sites of cathepsin D have been conserved in spite of major structural changes in the enzyme protein.
Tandem injected relativistic heavy ion facility at Brookhaven, present and future

Abstract The Brookhaven Tandem Facility has recently been joined to the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) by means of an ∼ 680 in long heavy ion transfer line. The design and construction of this line are described as well as the tandem and AGS modifications which made it possible to initiate a relativistic heavy ion research program. Operational experience and performance during the first 14.6 GeV/amu 16 O and 28 Si runs are reviewed. At present the facility is capable of accelerating ions up to mass ∼ 32. Future developments are described which will lead to the acceleration of heavier ions up to gold, and hopefully to the construction of a relativistic heavy ion collider for the entire mass range at center of mass energies up to 250 GeV per nucleon pair.
The fine structure of nuclei during spermiogenesis in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

The structure of nuclear elements during spermiogenesis in the leopard frog has been examined. Contorted fibers occur in nuclei in each stage, including the mature sperm. Interchromatin granules have not been detected. In early spermatid nuclei (Stage 1), and in diffuse regions of middle spermatid nuclei (Stage 2), fibers are loosely packed. In condensed regions of Stage 2 nuclei and of later stages (Stages 3, 4 and mature sperm), fibers are closely packed. Fibers of about the same diameter occur in nuclei of each stage. The fibers are about 200 A in diameter, considerably thicker than those of about 100 A which have been reported previously. Possible explanations for this increased thickness are discussed.
Distribution of calcium-activated protease calpain in the rat brain.

Calpain is a calcium-activated neutral protease that degrades a number of cytoskeletal proteins. It may participate in the maintenance of the cytoskeleton and in the rapid turnover of structural proteins associated with synaptic plasticity. Calpain may also be involved in the neurodegeneration that accompanies aging and age-related diseases. To aid in the interpretation of disease-related alterations in staining patterns, the present study examined calpain's normal distribution in the mammalian brain and spinal cord. A monoclonal antibody was employed with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunocytochemical technique on samples of rat tissue. Glia (astrocytes, microglia) and virtually all neurons were immunopositive, although neuronal processes exhibited varying staining patterns. The axonal staining pattern depended upon either the origin or destination of the process: those axons remaining within the brain (e.g., corpus callosum) were only lightly immunoreactive, whereas spinal cord and peripheral axons (trigeminal nerve) were more darkly labeled. The architecture of the dendritic tree determined the dendritic staining pattern: neurons with prominent apical and basal dendritic trees (e.g., pyramidal cells) were immunolabeled along their entire extent; labeling of multipolar cells (e.g., hilar cells of dentate gyrus) was limited to the proximal dendrites. The ubiquitous distribution of calpain argues against a primary role for the enzyme in the regional pattern of neuronal death seen in Alzheimer's disease. An alteration in the concentration, localization, or inhibition of the enzyme could, however, lead to the abnormal accumulations of cytoskeletal elements seen with the disease.
Circulating miRNAs: novel biomarkers of acute coronary syndrome?

Acute coronary syndrome refers to any group of clinical symptoms compatible with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AMI is a major cause of death and disability worldwide with the greatest risk of death within the first hours of AMI onset. Therefore, delays in ‘ruling in’ AMI may increase morbidity and mortality due to the time lag in initiating therapy. Likewise, since the majority of patients presenting with acute chest pain do not have AMI, the rapid ‘ruling out’ of AMI in those patients would increase emergency department triage efficiency, decrease medical costs, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Thus, the identification of novel biomarkers that improve current strategies and/or accurately identify subjects who are at risk of developing acute and chronic manifestations of cardiovascular disease are desperately needed. This article discusses the potential of peripheral blood microRNAs as clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases such as AMI.
Effect of substrate temperature on migration of Si in planar‐doped GaAs

Quantum oscillations in the magnetoresistance of GaAs δ (or planar) doped with Si are analyzed to obtain the electron densities of the electric subbands. We compare these densities with the results of self‐consistently calculated subband structures of δ‐doped GaAs in which the spread of the dopant atoms (Si) in the growth direction is a fitting parameter. The results indicate that there is negligible spread in structures grown at a substrate temperature TS ≲530 °C, while in structures grown at higher TS there is measurable spread which increases with TS. For TS =640 °C, the Si spread is determined to be ≂220 A. An examination of the three‐dimensional Si densities in these layers indicates that the dominant mechanism for the spreading of Si for TS >600 °C is the migration of Si to satisfy the solid solubility limit.
The Sexual Double Standard: The Influence of Number of Relationships and Level of Sexual Activity on Judgments of Women and Men

To explore the operation of the sexual double standard, 111 men and 143 women evaluated either a male or female target, described in a fictitious interview as involved in either monogamous or multiple heterosexual relationships and depicted as engaged in either above average, average, or below average levels of sexual activity. Targets described as involved in multiple relationships or depicted as engaged in above average levels of sexual activity were evaluated less positively than targets in other conditions. Women presented as more sexually active were seen as more liberal and more assertive than other female targets. In this study the sexual double standard was not operating in the formation of overall evaluations of individuals, but it did exert influence on other judgments that people make about men and women.
Frequency and impact of intensive care unit complications on moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: early results of the Outcome Prognostication in Traumatic Brain Injury (OPTIMISM) Study.

Known predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) explain only a relatively small proportion of patient-related outcomes. The frequency and impact of intensive care unit complications (ICU-COMPL) on msTBI-associated outcomes are poorly understood. In 213 consecutive msTBI patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center neuro trauma ICU, twenty-eight ICU-COMPL (21 medical and 7 neurological) were prospectively collected and adjudicated by group consensus, using pre-defined criteria. We determined frequencies, and explored associations of ICU-COMPL and hospital discharge outcomes using multivariable logistic regression. The average age of the study sample was 53 years, and the median presenting Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Scores were 5 and 27, respectively. Hyperglycemia (79 %), fever (62 %), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (60 %), and hypotension requiring vasopressors (42 %) were the four most common medical ICU-COMPL. Herniation (39 %), intracranial rebleed (39 %), and brain edema requiring osmotherapy (37 %) were the three most common neurological ICU-COMPL. After adjusting for admission variables, duration of ventilation, and ICU length-of-stay, patients with brain edema (OR 5.8; 95 % CI 2, 16.7) had a significantly increased odds for dying during hospitalization whereas patients with hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) had a decreased odds (OR 0.05; 95 % CI 0.005, 0.6). Sensitivity analysis revealed that UTI occurred later, suggesting a non-causal association with survival. Brain herniation (OR 15.7; 95 % CI 2.6, 95.4) was associated with an unfavorable functional status (GOS 1–3). ICU-COMPL are very common after msTBI, have a considerable impact on short-term outcomes, and should be considered in the prognostication of these high risk patients. Survival associations of time-dependent complications warrant cautious interpretation.
Bounded analytic functions of two complex variables

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to study the Banach space Ho~ (G x G) of bounded analytic functions in a region G x G in C 2 by representing it as a space of bounded linear operators. By considering the compact operators we are able to relate H~ (G x G) and its subspace H~ (G)Q~H~ (G). (Definitions are given below.) In general, this subspace can be proper thereby providing an answer to a question raised by RossI during the Tulane Symposium on Function Algebras in 1965. We obtain a representation of H~o (G x G) as the dual space of a 7-tensor product of measures which is identified with M 1 (G x G) and LI(G x G)/N2. Furthermore, the compact linear operators from MI(G) to H~o (G) are characterized in terms of a 2-tensor product of L| spaces. By a constructive method we give a large class of functions on the unit polydisc D x D which are in H~ (D x D), but which are not in H~ (D) | (D). Finally, in Section 5, we summarize the relationships of all the Banach spaces considered in this paper. Obviously, we are strongly influenced by the papers of RtJBEL and SmELOS [5, 6]. They indicated the possibility of extending their results to higher dimensions. Such an extension to two complex dimensions is obtained when H~ (G x G) is exhibited as the dual of the separable Banach space M I(G x G). Using similar proofs and replacing arguments involving point masses by arguments based on approximate identities, many of our results can be proved independently of [5, 6] for the Banach space H~(TxT) of functions on the torus which are boundary values of bounded analytic functions on DxD. We wish to express our gratitude to Professor QtJIGLEY for many helpful discussions and to Professor STOUT for communicating some useful remarks.
Impairments in antifolate transport are common in retinoblastoma tumor samples.

Background Many patients with retinoblastoma have a genetic predisposition to cancer and external beam radiation therapy and alkylating agent chemotherapy may increase their risk of secondary malignancy. Identification of effective chemotherapy agents for retinoblastoma that are not associated with an elevated risk of secondary malignancy would be beneficial. Procedure Twenty-six specimens of fresh retinoblastoma tumor cells were studied in vitro with a PT430 competitive displacement assay. Differential displacement of the PT430 by methotrexate and not trimetrexate was considered indicative of a defect in reduced folate carrier (RFC)-mediated transport. Elevations in the accumulation of PT430 were considered indicative of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) amplification. Results In 9 of the 26 (35%) samples, displacement by methotrexate was less than half the displacement by trimetrexate indicative of a defect in the RFC. In 5 of the 26 (19%) samples, trimetrexate did not displace the PT430. In 7 of 26 (27%) samples, the peak PT430 accumulation was suggestive of DHFR overexpression. Overall 9 of 26 (35%) samples had no evidence of a transport defect or DHFR overexpression and would be anticipated to be potentially sensitive to methotrexate. In 15 of the 26 (58%), no defects existed in trimetrexate displacement or DHFR overexpression and would be anticipated to be potentially sensitive to trimetrexate. Conclusion These results would support consideration of a phase II study to determine the effectiveness of trimetrexate for recurrent intra-ocular retinoblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:573–576. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Shared-memory mutual exclusion: major research trends since 1986

In 1986, Michel Raynal published a comprehensive survey of algorithms for mutual exclusion [72]. In this paper, we survey major research trends since 1986 in work on shared-memory mutual exclusion.
Boundary condition effects on multiscale analysis of damage localization

The choice of boundary conditions used in multiscale analysis of heterogeneous materials affects the numerical results, including the macroscopic constitutive response, the type and extent of damage taking place at the microscale and the required size of the Representative Volume Element (RVE). We compare the performance of periodic boundary conditions and minimal kinematic boundary conditions applied to the unit cell of a particulate composite material, both in the absence and presence of damage at the particle–matrix interfaces. In particular, we investigate the response of the RVE under inherently non-periodic loading conditions, and the ability of both boundary conditions to capture localization events that are not aligned with the RVE boundaries. We observe that, although there are some variations in the evolution of the microscale damage between the two methods, there is no significant difference in homogenized responses even when localization is not aligned with the cell boundaries.
DETERMINING THE CP NATURE OF A NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSON AT THE CERN LARGE HADRON COLLIDER

We demonstrate that certain weighted moments of $t\overline{t}h$ production can provide a determination of the CP nature of a light neutral Higgs boson produced and detected in this mode at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Bis[2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenolato-κ2N,O]zinc(II) methanol solvate

In the title complex, [Zn(C18H14N4O2)]·CH3OH, two anionic 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenolate bidentate ligands coordinate through the phenolate O and imidazolyl N atoms to the central ZnII atom to give a four-coordinate tetra­hedral geometry.
Efficient Calculation of Pairwise Nonbonded Forces

A major bottleneck in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is the calculation of the pair wise nonbonded interactions. Previous work on FPGAs has shown that these calculations can be implemented with a number of force computation pipelines operating in parallel (4 and 8 for the Stratix-III and Stratix-V, respectively). Optimization has received some attention previously in CPU, GPU, FPGA, and ASIC implementations, with direct computation of the equations of interaction being replaced with table lookup with interpolation, and the order and granularity of those interpolations being optimized. FPGAs lend themselves to a particularly rich design space both of opportunities and constraints. We explore and evaluate this space with respect to both resource requirements and simulation quality. We find that FPGAs' BRAM architecture makes them well suited to support unusually fine-grained intervals. This leads to a reduction in other logic and a proportional increase in performance. We demonstrate these designs with prototype implementations supporting full electrostatics and integrated into NAMD-lite. Throughput is improved by 50% over the previous best FPGA implementation while simulation quality is maintained.
Polyacrylonitrile/vapor grown carbon nanofiber composite films

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/vapor grown carbon nanofiber (VGCNF) composite films were processed from N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at various nanofiber loadings: 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 90 wt%. Tensile, dynamic mechanical, electrical, structural, and morphological properties of these composite films were studied. Enhancement in tensile properties was observed in composites with nanofiber loading up to 40 wt%. The storage modulus of PAN increased upon incorporation of nanofiber particularly above the glass transition temperature. The tan δ peak broadens and shifts to higher temperatures with the addition of VGCNF. The activation energy for PAN molecular motion was higher than that in the control PAN film. The electrical conductivity of composite films increased with increasing nanofiber loading and exhibited a percolation at 3.1 vol%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated PAN coated nanofibers in the composite film.
Sender-based rate-distortion optimized streaming of 3-D wavelet video with low latency

We propose a sender-based rate-distortion optimized framework to stream scalable bitstreams of 3-D wavelet video stored at the sender to a remote receiver. Based on the requests and feedback from the receiver, the source rate-distortion profiles, the desired playout latency and transmission rate, and the network characteristics, the sender optimizes the responses sent to the receiver throughout the video playout session in order to minimize the distortion in the reconstructed frames. Rate-distortion optimized response is formulated as a convex optimization problem, and an offline-computation approach is proposed to further reduce the complexity at the sender. Experimental results show that the proposed sender-based approach outperform the receiver-based approach, and the offline-computation approach very closely approximates the fully-optimized approach.
STRATIGRAPHIC RECORD OF THE EARLY MESOZOIC BREAKUP OF PANGEA IN THE LAURASIA-GONDWANA RIFT SYSTEM

Rift basins of the Central Atlantic Margins (CAM) of North America and Morocco preserve largely continental sequences of sedimentary strata and less important minor basalt flows spanning much of the early Mesozoic. The best known is the Newark basin of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania where an astronomically calibrated magnetic polarity time scale is developed. Lacustrine cycles of Milankovitch origin are commonly present in CAM basins, with the period changing from 10 ky (paleoequator with coals), to 20 ky (4‐ 10N), to perhaps 40 ky northward with evaporites. Cycles of100 ky, 413 ky, and2 my are also important. Four mostly unconformity-bounded tectonostratigraphic sequences are present. The Anisian TS I is fluvial and eolian. TS II‐TS IV (Late Triassic to Early Jurassic) consist of “tripartite” lacustrine sequences caused by extension pulses. The Newark basin accumulation rate history allows comparison with quantitative rift basin models. The North American plate’s slow northward drift resulted in a relative shift of climate, although the rapid humidification during the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic is associated with a sea-level rise. The Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction is of independent origin, plausibly impact related.
The Association Between Hospital Care Intensity and Surgical Outcomes in Medicare Patients

Importance Hospitals’ care intensity varies widely across the United States. Payers and policy makers have become focused on promoting quality, low-cost, efficient health care. Objective To evaluate whether increased hospital care intensity (HCI) is associated with improved outcomes following major surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants Using national Medicare data in this retrospective cohort study, we identified 706 520 patients at 2544 hospitals who underwent 1 of 7 major cardiovascular, orthopedic, or general surgical operations. Exposure The HCI Index, which is validated and publicly available through the Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk- and reliability-adjusted mortality, major complication, and failure-to-rescue rates. Results Hospital care intensity varied 10-fold. High-HCI hospitals had greater rates of major complications when compared with low-HCI centers (risk ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.05). There was a decrease in failure to rescue at high compared with low-HCI hospitals (risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.94-0.97). Using multilevel-models, HCI reduced the variation in failure-to-rescue rates between hospitals by 2.7% after accounting for patient comorbidities and hospital resources. Patients treated at high-HCI hospitals had longer hospitalizations, more inpatient deaths, and lower hospice use during the last 2 years of life. Conclusions and Relevance Failure-to-rescue rates were lower at high–care intensity hospitals. Conversely, care intensity explains a very small proportion of variation in failure-to-rescue rates across hospitals.
Tree Species Composition and Diversity and the Abundance of Exotics in Forest Fragments of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia

ABSTRACT Forest fragmentation continues to increase throughout the United States and many studies show a trend toward taxonomic homogenization in fragments. Characterizing the species composition and diversity of remaining forest fragments and identifying factors influencing composition and diversity can help to inform management practices and aid in setting conservation priorities. Because influencing factors tend to be site-specific, studies of local and regional fragment community composition are needed. We studied forest community composition and diversity in four forest fragments of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia. We found significant (p < 0.05) differences in tree species diversity (H') as well as abundance of exotic species across forest fragments. In addition, results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) showed that there were significant differences in species composition among fragments. Soil properties and stand age, in addition to presence of exotic species, were the most important f...
The effect of a wall boundary layer on local mass transfer from a cylinder in crossflow

Utilisation de la technique de la sublimation de naphtalene pour determiner les variations a circonferentielle et longitudinale du transfert de masse d'un cylindre circulaire lisse dans un ecoulement croise d'air. Etude de l'influence des ecoulements secondaires tridimensionnels pres des extremites du cylindre liees aux parois de la soufflerie
Hybrid mitigation of distortion in digital arrays

Radars and other RF systems are often used to detect weak signals in the presence of strong interference. Consequently, these systems must be designed to accommodate both (1) high SNR levels, and (2) high instantaneous dynamic range (IDR) levels. Recently, digital beam forming (DBF) techniques have been proposed as a means of improving both SNR and IDR. In a DBF system, high SNR levels can be produced by coherently combining many lower IDR transmit/receive (T/R) channels. However, this does not necessarily result in an equally improved IDR because distortion, which is introduced by the RF electronics within each T/R channel, could also be coherently integrated by the beamformer. The resulting integrated distortion could exceed the noise level at the beamformer's output, thereby limiting IDR improvement. This paper describes an approach to increasing the IDR levels achieved by digital arrays. The approach combines traditional DBF techniques with new IDR enhancement measures. Dynamic range enhancement is achieved through the use of two complementary processes: (1) decorrelation of spurs, phase noise, and various intermodulation products, (2) linearization of selected intermodulation products. This approach provides an efficient means for reducing the broad range of distortion products that typically limit IDR.
Awareness and use of direct-to-consumer nutrigenomic tests, United States, 2006.

Purpose: Direct-to-consumer genetic tests are increasingly available and may improve confidentiality, convenience, and accessibility. Amid ethical concerns and an uncertain regulatory landscape, the future of this mode of delivery is unclear. One class of products, nutrigenomic tests, is used to analyze DNA and lifestyle habits to assess health risks. Little information is available regarding awareness or use of such tests among consumers or physicians. Methods: We assessed consumers' awareness and use of nutrigenomic tests in the 2006 HealthStyles national survey (5250 respondents) and awareness among physicians in the 2006 DocStyles national survey (1250 respondents). Results: In the HealthStyles survey, 14% of respondents were aware of nutrigenomic tests, and 0.6% overall had used these tests. Respondents who were aware of nutrigenomic tests tended to be young and educated with a high income. Many physicians (44%) were aware of nutrigenomic tests, although 41% of these physicians had never had a patient ask about such tests, and most (74%) had never discussed the results of a nutrigenomic test with a patient. Conclusions: These results provide insight into current trends in public demand and interest in nutrigenomic tests and will aid in assessing the impact of policies, efforts at public or provider education, and the evolution of the availability and demand for such tests.
A simple method of obtaining equivalent doses for use in HDR brachytherapy.

Abstract Purpose: To develop a simple program that can be easily used by clinicians to calculate the tumor and late tissue equivalent doses (as if given in 2 Gy/day fractions) for different high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy regimens. The program should take into account the normal tissue sparing effect of brachytherapy. Methods and Materials: Using Microsoft Excel, a program was developed incorporating the linear-quadratic (LQ) formula to calculate the biologically equivalent dose (BED). To express the BED in terms more familiar to all clinicians, it was reconverted to equivalent doses as if given as fractionated irradiation at 2 Gy/fraction. Since doses given to normal tissues in HDR brachytherapy treatments are different from those given to tumor, a normal tissue dose modifying factor (DMF) was applied in this spreadsheet (depending on the anticipated dose to normal tissue) to obtain more realistic equivalent normal tissue effects. Results: The spreadsheet program created requires the clinician to enter only the external beam total dose and dose/fraction, HDR dose, and the number of HDR fractions. It automatically calculates the equivalent doses for tumor and normal tissue effects, respectively. Generally, the DMF applied is 1 may need to be applied if the dose to critical normal tissues is higher than the dose to tumor. Additionally, the α/β ratios for tumor and normal tissues can be changed from their default values of 10 Gy and 3 Gy, respectively. This program has been used to determine HDR doses needed for treatment of cancers of the cervix, prostate, and other organs. It can also been used to predict the late normal tissue effects, alerting the clinician to the possibility of undue morbidity of a new HDR regimen. Conclusion: A simple Excel spreadsheet program has been developed to assist clinicians to easily calculate equivalent doses to be used in HDR brachytherapy regimens. The novelty of this program is that the equivalent doses are expressed as if given at 2 Gy per fraction rather than as BED values and a more realistic equivalent normal tissue effect is obtained by applying a DMF. Its ease of use should promote the use of LQ radiobiological modeling to determine doses to be used for HDR brachytherapy. The program is to be used judiciously as a guide only and should be correlated with clinical outcome.
Consensus on Timing of Intervention for Common Congenital Heart Diseases: Part II - Cyanotic Heart Defects

The purpose of this review/editorial is to discuss how and when to treat the most common cyanotic congenital heart defects (CHDs); the discussion of acyanotic heart defects was presented in a previous editorial. By and large, the indications and timing of intervention are decided by the severity of the lesion. While some patients with acyanotic CHD may not require surgical or transcatheter intervention because of spontaneous resolution of the defect or mildness of the defect, the majority of cyanotic CHD will require intervention, mostly surgical. Total surgical correction is the treatment of choice for tetralogy of Fallot patients although some patients may need to be palliated initially by performing a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. For transposition of the great arteries, arterial switch (Jatene) procedure is the treatment of choice, although Rastelli procedure is required for patients who have associated ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary stenosis (PS). Some of these babies may require Prostaglandin E1 infusion and/or balloon atrial septostomy prior to corrective surgery. In tricuspid atresia patients, most babies require palliation at presentation either with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or pulmonary artery banding followed later by staged Fontan (bidirectional Glenn followed later by extracardiac conduit Fontan conversion usually with fenestration). Truncus arteriosus babies are treated by closure of VSD along with right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit; palliative banding of the pulmonary artery is no longer recommended. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection babies require anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein with the left atrium at presentation. Other defects should also be addressed by staged correction or complete repair depending upon the anatomy/physiology. Feasibility, safety and effectiveness of treatment of cyanotic CHD with currently available medical, transcatheter and surgical methods are well established and should be performed at an appropriate age in order to prevent damage to cardiovascular structures.
Papular-Purpuric Gloves and Socks Syndrome Associated with Acute Parvovirus B19 Infection: Case Report and Review

The papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) was first described in 1990. This syndrome is characterized by fever, acral pruritus, edema, petechiae, and oral erosions. Subsequently, parvovirus B19 has been implicated, in most cases, as the causative agent of this syndrome. To date, with two exceptions, all published cases of PPGSS have been from Europe and the Middle East and have been mainly reported in the dermatology literature. Herein, we report what we believe to be only the second case of documented parvovirus B19-associated PPGSS occurring in the United States. The patient presented with the typical clinical syndrome, and the diagnosis of acute parvovirus B19 infection was documented by serial serologies that demonstrated development of IgM antibody to virus during the acute phase of infection and seroconversion to IgG antibody in the convalescent period. We then review the existing literature on this unusual syndrome and its association with parvovirus B19.
The normal electrocardiogram in the newborn and neonatal period and its progression

Description of the progression of the normal newborn and neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) in the first year of life include dare the mechanisms for the changes in the muscle masses of the pulmonary and systemic circulations and the resulting affect on the electrocardiogram included also is a description of the T wave detailed as well is a description from data from northern Italy of the QT interval using a large population base.
The Bordetella Bfe System: Growth and Transcriptional Response to Siderophores, Catechols, and Neuroendocrine Catecholamines

Ferric enterobactin utilization by Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis requires the BfeA outer membrane receptor. Under iron-depleted growth conditions, transcription of bfeA is activated by the BfeR regulator by a mechanism requiring the siderophore enterobactin. In this study, enterobactin-inducible bfeA transcription was shown to be TonB independent. To determine whether other siderophores or nonsiderophore catechols could be utilized by the Bfe system, various compounds were tested for the abilities to promote the growth of iron-starved B. bronchiseptica and induce bfeA transcription. The BfeA receptor transported ferric salmochelin, corynebactin, and the synthetic siderophores TRENCAM and MECAM. Salmochelin and MECAM induced bfeA transcription in iron-starved Bordetella cells, but induction by corynebactin and TRENCAM was minimal. The neuroendocrine catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine exhibited a remarkable capacity to induce transcription of bfeA. Norepinephrine treatment of B. bronchiseptica resulted in BfeR-dependent bfeA transcription, elevated BfeA receptor production, and growth stimulation. Pyrocatechol, carbidopa, and isoproterenol were similarly strong inducers of bfeA transcription, whereas tyramine and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid demonstrated low inducing activity. The results indicate that the inducer structure requires a catechol group for function and that the ability to induce bfeA transcription does not necessarily correlate with the ability to stimulate bacterial growth. The expanded range of catechol siderophores transported by the BfeA receptor demonstrates the potential versatility of the Bordetella Bfe iron retrieval system. The finding that catecholamine neurotransmitters activate bfeA transcription and promote growth suggests that Bordetella cells can perceive and may benefit from neuroendocrine catecholamines on the respiratory epithelium.
A Sociological Framework for Multiagent Systems

Individual rationality limits the ability of decison makers to accommodate group behavior where coordination is required. By replacing the asocial policy of doing the best thing possible for the individual with a mathematically precise notion of being "good enough," satisficing game theory provides a framework with which to synthesize artificial multiagent societies that are designed to cooperate.