cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Classification using Gene Expression Data

Understanding the role of differential gene expression in the development of, and molecular response to, cancer is a complex problem that remains challenging, in part due to the sheer number of genes, gene products, and metabolites involved. In this paper, we employ an unsupervised topic model, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to explore patterns of gene expression in healthy and cancer tissues. An important advantage of LDA compared to alternative statistical and machine learning methods is its proven ability to handle sparse inputs over an extremely large numbers of features in an unsupervised manner. LDA has been recently applied for clustering and exploring genomic data but not for classification and prediction. In this paper, we try to optimize the protocol and parameters for efficient implementation of LDA. Here, messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence data from breast cancer and healthy tissue is used to determine an effective approach for the application of LDA to classification of cancer versus healthy tissue. We describe our study in two phases: First, various parameters like the number of topics, bins and passes were optimized for LDA. Next we developed a novel LDA-based classification approach to classify unknown samples based on similarity of co-expression patterns. Evaluation to assess the effectiveness of this approach shows that LDA can achieve high accuracy compared to alternative approaches. Overall, our results project LDA as a promising approach for classification of tissue types based on gene expression data in cancer studies.
Association of Large Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus , with an Estuarine Creek on the Atlantic Coast of Florida

Seasonal abundance, size distribution, year-class presence, residence duration, and migrational patterns of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in an estuarine marsh creek in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were investigated during a study in which gill net samples were collected monthly from August 1991 to March 1996. A total of 282 large juvenile red drum were collected, of which 161 were tagged and released and 68 were sacrificed for age determination. Although red drum were collected in the creek throughout the year, abundance levels were negatively correlated with water temperatures and reached maximum levels during the winter months. Significant correlations between fish abundance and salinity or dissolved oxygen levels were not detected. The majority (90%) of the fish collected were large juveniles (260–450 mm standard length) that were estimated to be from 10 to 26 months old. The oldest red drum we examined from the creek was estimated to be 37 months old. Tag-recapture data indicated that some fish repeatedly used or were associated with the creek for periods of up to 18 months after release. Estuarine creeks in this region provide exploitable habitat for large juvenile red drum (<age 3), which compose the majority of the species’ fishery landings in Florida waters.
Biofeedback Applications in Rehabilitation Medicine: Implications for Performance in Sports

Writings from contemporary literature (Ryder, 1976; Riegel, 1981; Seldon, 1982) strongly indicate that improvement in psychological milieu and physiological capabilities will enhance athletic performance. Indeed, computer processing of real-time physiological events (Hatze, 1981) and simulation models (Ramey & Tang, 1981) indicate that the human potential for achieving greater accuracy, speed, or fluidity of movement is accessible. The purposes of this chapter are to address ways in which biofeedback applications can restore function to the athlete following musculoskeletal injury and to speculate on ways in which performance can be enhanced. The approach is primarily physiological in nature; however, the psychological factors underlying optimal performance cannot be underestimated, and discussions governing a variety of techniques to reduce competitive stress and anxiety can be found elsewhere in this text.
Dense Hydrogen and its States of Order

The system with which we are concerned, a dense neutral canonical assembly of protons (masses mp, spin 1/2, coordinates \( {\vec r_{1p}},....,{\vec r_{np}} \)) and electrons (masses me, spin 1/2, coordinates \( {{\vec r}_{1e}},....,{{\vec r}_{Ne}} \)), has a remarkably simple and symmetric Hamiltonian.
The Messy History of the Federal Eminent Domain Power: A Response to William Baude

In this response to William Baude's article, Rethinking the Federal Eminent Domain Power, Christian Burset challenges Baude's claim that antebellum legislators, commentators, and judges uniformly refused to acknowledge a federal eminent domain power. Examining historical sources and case law, Burset highlights how changing political attitudes influenced historic beliefs about the ability of the federal government to condemn land within state boundaries.
Theories of Circular Dichroism for Nucleic Acids

Two kinds of theories for the circular dichroism of nucleic acids are currently in use: a fundamental theory derived from quantum mechanics, and a phenomenological theory based on classical electrodynamics. The quantum approach is preferable from a strict theoretical point of view, but is hard to implement in real calculations on molecules as large and complex as the nucleic acids. The classical theory is easier to implement, but has less theoretical justification. It turns out that with the approximations needed to make the quantum theory tractable, the two approaches are almost equivalent.
Ribosomal RACK1:Protein Kinase C βII Phosphorylates Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G1 at S1093 To Modulate Cap-Dependent and -Independent Translation Initiation

Eukaryotic ribosomes contain the high-affinity protein kinase C βII (PKCβII) scaffold, receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1), but its role in protein synthesis control remains unclear. We found that RACK1:PKCβII phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1) at S1093 and eIF3a at S1364. We showed that reversible eIF4G(S1093) phosphorylation is involved in a global protein synthesis surge upon PKC-Raf-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation and in induction of phorbol ester-responsive transcripts, such as cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21Cip1), or in 5' 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap-independent enterovirus translation. Comparison of mRNA and protein levels revealed that eIF4G1 or RACK1 depletion blocked phorbol ester-induced Cox-2 or p21Cip1 expression mostly at the translational level, whereas PKCβ inhibition reduced them both at the translational and transcript levels. Our findings reveal a physiological role for ribosomal RACK1 in providing the molecular scaffold for PKCβII and its role in coordinating the translational response to PKC-Raf-ERK1/2 activation.
Cardiovascular Findings in a Contemporary Cohort of Patients With 1p36 Deletion Syndrome

Introduction In this study, we evaluated patients with 1p36 deletion syndrome to delineate cardiovascular involvement. Methods We approached patients from the 1p36 Deletion Support & Awareness National conference in 2014 to participate in this cross-sectional study. All patients had been clinically diagnosed and confirmed by genetic analysis. Evaluation included a complete physical examination, echocardiogram, and electrocardiogram. Seven of these subjects were followed up longitudinally at our institution. Results Twenty-four subjects with 1p36 deletion syndrome met criteria to participate voluntarily in this study. Cardiovascular anomalies including functional, structural, electrocardiographic abnormalities, or a combination of them were identified in a total of 14/24 (58.3%) subjects. The most frequent abnormality was left ventricular hypertrabeculation/left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy in 10/24 patients. A history of congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring some type of intervention for repair was found in 5/24 (with or without LVHT). In addition, prolongation of the QTc interval was found in 3/24 patients. Conclusion This study found that 1p36 deletion syndrome has a strong association with left ventricular hypertrabeculation and LVNC. Congenital heart disease and electrocardiographic abnormalities were also present in these individuals. Based on this study, we recommend that individuals with 1p36 deletion syndrome should be evaluated by a Pediatric Cardiologist at the time of diagnosis and subsequent monitoring should also be established for surveillance of possible progression of disease including myocardial dysfunction and QTc abnormalities. Further longitudinal analysis of these manifestations would likely characterize the progression of these abnormalities, so that specific guidelines can be established for cardiovascular management.
Laparoscopic IPOM Repair of an Acquired Abdominal Intercostal Hernia

Acquired abdominal intercostal hernia (AAIH) is an infrequent occurrence whereby intra-abdominal contents herniate into intercostal space directly from the peritoneal cavity through an acquired defect in the abdominal wall musculature and fascia. These hernias are difficult to diagnose and should always be suspected when a chest wall swelling occur after major or minor trauma. Surgical repair is warranted in symptomatic patients. The majority of AAIHs are repaired through an open approach using tension-free mesh, with significant recurrence risk. Recently, laparoscopic and robot-assisted repairs have been proposed. We discuss a 49-year-old man presented through outpatient setting with a 5-year history of ongoing left subcostal discomfort and a reducible lump. His history included a workplace accident 5 years ago. Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT confirmed AAIH with omentum herniation into the sac. A successful laparoscopic repair with intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique using composite mesh was performed.
AC922 Data Movement for CORAL

Recent publications have considered the challenge of movement in and out of the high bandwidth memory in attempt to maximize GPU utilization and minimize overall application wall time. This paper builds on previous contributions, [5] [17], which simulate software models, advocated optimization, and suggest design considerations. This contribution characterizes the data movement innovations of the AC922 nodes IBM delivered to Oak Ridge National Labs and Lawrence Livermore National Labs as part of the 2014 Collaboration of Oak Ridge, Argonne, and Livermore (CORAL) joint procurement activity. With a single HPC system able to perform up to 200PF of processing with access to 2.5PB of memory, this architecture motivates a careful look at data movement. The AC922 POWER9 system with NVIDIA V100 GPUs have cache line granularity, more than double the bandwidth of PCIe Gen3, low latency interfaces and are interconnected by dual-rail Mellanox CAPI/EDR HCAs. As such, the bandwidth and latency assumptions from previous simulations should be revisited and compared to characterization results on product hardware. Our characterization approach attempts to leverage existing performance approaches, as applicable, to ease comparison and correlation. The results show that by refocusing our attention on the interconnect between processing elements, it is possible to design efficient logically coherent heterogeneous systems.
The Relationship Between Local Field Potentials and the Blood-Oxygenation-Level Dependent MRI Signal Can Be Non-linear.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is currently one of the most important neuroimaging methods in neuroscience. The image contrast in fMRI relies on the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal, which indirectly reflects neural activity through neurovascular coupling. Because the mechanism that links the BOLD signal to neural activities involves multiple complicated processes, where neural activity, regional metabolism, hemodynamics and the BOLD signal are all inter-connected, Understanding the quantitative relationship between the BOLD signal and the underlying neural activities is crucial to interpreting fMRI data. Simultaneous local field potential (LFP) and fMRI recording provides a method to study neurovascular coupling. There were a few studies that have shown nonlinearities in stimulus related responses, but whether there is any nonlinearity in LFP – BOLD relationship at rest has not been specifically quantified. In this study, we analyzed the simultaneous LFP and resting state-fMRI data acquired from rodents, and found that the relationship between LFP and BOLD is nonlinear under isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia, but linear under dexmedetomidine (DMED) anesthesia. Subsequent analysis suggests that such nonlinearity solely comes from the non-Gaussian distribution of LFP power, and switching from LFP power to LFP amplitude can alleviate the problem to a degree. We also confirmed that, despite the nonlinearity in the mean LFP – BOLD curve, the Pearson correlation between the two signals is relatively unaffected.
Superparamagnetic MOF@GO Ni and Co based hybrid nanocomposites as efficient water pollutant adsorbents

Abstract A series of highly efficient adsorbents were developed using Ni3(BTC)2 and Co3(BTC)2 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to functionalize graphene oxide (GO). XRD results show high crystallinity of the prepared nanomaterials and the successful decoration of Ni3(BTC)2 and Co3(BTC)2 MOFs over the GO substrate (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid). SEM and TEM imaging show the successful formation of nanoscale MOFs and Fe3O4 MNPs over GO. IR spectroscopy supports the characterization and successful preparation of the Fe3O4/MOF@GO hybrid composite nanoadsorbents. The prepared composite nanoadsorbents were used to sorb Methylene Blue (MB) as a model for common organic pollutants in water and common ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, SiO32−) from a brackish water model. The adsorbed concentration at equilibrium of MB of the prepared composite nanoadsorbents increases by an average of 30.52 and 13.75 mg/g for the Co and Ni composite, respectively, when compared to the MOFs parent materials. The adsorbed amount of sulfate ions increases by 92.1 mg/g for the Co composite and 112.1 mg/g for the Ni composite, when compared to graphene oxide. This adsorption enhancement is attributed to suppressed aggregation through increased dispersive forces in the MOFs due to the presence of GO, formation of nanoscale MOFs over the GO platform, and the hindering of stacking of the graphene layers by the MOFs. Leaching tests show that the release of Co and Ni ions to water is reduced from 105.2 and 220 mg/L, respectively, in the parent MOF materials to 0.5 and 16.4 mg/L, respectively, in the composite nanoadsorbents. These findings show that the newly developed composite nanoadsorbents can sorb organic pollutants, and target sulfate and silicate anions, which makes them suitable candidates for water and wastewater treatments.
Intergenerational Service Learning within an Aging Course and Its Impact on Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes about Aging

Ageism is a term used to describe negative stereotypes and prejudices often leading to the discrimination of older adults. Ageism has been linked to negative outcomes such as a decreased quality of...
Innovating at the nexus of world languages and cultures and design thinking

An approach to solving complicated and multileveled issues, design thinking offers strategies for secondary and higher education curricula innovation. Recent scholarship on the teaching and learnin...
In Our Own Words: Baccalaureate Nursing Students Describe Academic Service Learning Experiences:

IntroductionService learning integrates community service, didactic and student self-reflection while at the same time striving to identify and meet needs of the community partnership agencies invo...
SAT-attack Resilience Measure for Access Restricted Circuits

With the recent introduction of techniques to restrict scan chain access, a new class of deobfuscation problems emerge, in which the threat model, although similar to deobfuscation of a logic locked circuit, forms a novel class of attack. In this paper, the concept of a logic restricted circuit is generalized and defined. Next, a novel type of SAT-based attack is proposed for the new class of deobfuscation problems, described as a 2-stage SAT-attack. A SAT-attack resilience measure is developed to quantify the security strength of a logic restricted circuit against a SAT-based attack. Finally, the proposed SAT-resilience framework is applied to compare and evaluate effectiveness of example logic restriction schemes.
The Emergence of a Peace Economy

This chapter underlines the ethical and practical challenges that arise from post-conflict peacebuilding design. It provides empirical evidence that shows how payments intended initially as transitional support to ex-insurgents have continued indefinitely. Consequently, the beneficiaries now see these monetary rewards as an entitlement, which if terminated, serves as a predictor of future instability. This chapter argues that the mobilization of monetary incentives to buy peace from insurgents presents a strategic danger because it enthrones a peace economy in the oil region, which has rendered prospects towards positive peacebuilding counterproductive. Based on this argument, this chapter concludes that the failure of post-conflict peacebuilding stems directly from the nature of interventions pursued by the peacebuilders.
Do Hobocops Dream of the Rule of Law

There is little law and even less law enforcement in Martinaise—a fictional district of a fictional city on a fictional archipelago in which a fictional video game, Disco Elysium, is set. This Essay is about what Disco Elyisum’s narrative and gameplay reveal about the nature of law, the effects of its absence, and the challenges associated with transforming an illegitimate legal system. This is not the first essay to consider what a video game has to say about jurisprudence. But I break new ground by bringing video-game-inspired insights about law to bear on a particular criminal legal system: that of the United States. Specifically, I compare and contrast the limitations of law in Disco Elysium and the game’s pessimism about the prospects of systemic change within its fictional world, on the one hand; and the limitations of the U.S. criminal legal system and ongoing, radically optimistic efforts to transform—even abolish—the latter, on the other. Like that of Martinaise, the criminal legal system of the U.S. often fails to meaningfully constrain state power and suffers from crippling democratic deficits. But the U.S. is the site of emergent social movements that are committed to participatory and inclusive democracy, and is structured by a constitution that has inspired and empowered people to contest state power throughout U.S. history. In its very pessimism about the prospects of legal transformation in its own world, Disco Elysium encourages optimism about radical change in ours.
The Life and Work of Carl Rogers

Childhood and Youth: Suburban Childhood, Youth on a Farm, High School and Beyond.College Years: From Agriculture to Religion, Trip to China, Interim, History Major, Carl and Helen.The New York City Years: Union Theological Seminary, Personal Life, Columbia University, Institute for Child Guidance, Move to Rochester.The Rochester Years: Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, Diagnosis and Treatment Planning, Environmental Treatment, Education, Persuasion and Release, Psychoanalysis, Interpretive Therapy, Otto Rank and Relationship Therapy, Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child, Professional Activities, Personal Life, Move to Ohio.The Ohio Years: The New Professor, Counseling and Psychotherapy, The Client, The Non-Directive Method, The First Research, Recording Psychotherapy, Implementing the Method, Initial Impact, Working with Graduate Students, Personal Life, Professional Activities, Wartime Work, Move to Chicago.The Chicago Years: Part One: Getting Started, From Non-directive to Client-Centered, Speaking Personally, The Counseling Center, A Character Sketch, Becoming Congruent.The Chicago Years: Part Two: Congruence Continued, Unconditional Positive Regard, Necessary and Sufficient Conditions, Research on Psychotherapy, Professional Reputation, Personal Life, Developing Theory, Move to Wisconsin.Freud, Skinner and Rogers--Three Forces in Psychology: Freud, Rogers and Human Nature, Skinner, Gestalt and Humanistic Psychology, The Rogers-Skinner Debates, Rogers and the CIA, Other Dialogues, Integration and New Developments.The Wisconsin Years: The Schizophrenia Research Project, The Conflict in Wisconsin, The Schizophrenia Project Results, Relationships in Wisconsin, Personal Life, Professional Travel, On Becoming a Person, The Fully Functioning Person, Persons or Science, Widening Applications, Further Recognition, Move to California.The California Years--Encounter Groups and Education: At Home, WBSI, The Behavioral Sciences, Encounter Groups, On Encounter Groups, Center for Studies of the Person, Personal Life, Teaching and Learning, Freedom to Learn, Changing Educational Systems, Professional Honors.The California Years--Personal and Political Awakenings: Youthful Relationships, The Person of Tomorrow, Becoming Partners, Older and Growing, Political Awakening, Person-Centered Workshops, On Personal Power, Personal Relationships, Physical and Mental Health, Spiritual Journey.The California Years--Peacemaking: Cross-Cultural Work, Developments in the Person-Centered Approach, Peacemaking, A Way of Being.Epilogue: Following Rogers, Historical Importance, Expanding Publications, Proliferating Organizations, Evolving Research, Competing Paradigms, The Future of the Person-Centered Approach.
Evaluation of the INSIGNIA Signaling System

We present an evaluation of the INSIGNIA signaling system that supports quality of service in mobile ad hoc networks. INSIGNIA is based on an in-band signaling and soft-state resource management paradigm that is well suited to supporting mobility with end-to-end quality of service in highly dynamic environments where the network topology, node connectivity and radio channel conditions are time-varying. We evaluate the performance of the signaling system and show the benefit of our scheme under diverse mobility, traffic and channel conditions.
Giant planar lipid bilayer: I. Capacitance and its biphasic response to inhalation anesthetics

Abstract A giant sized lipid bilayer (about 200 mm 2 with prolonged lifetime (24 hr) was prepared from oleylamine. From the capacitance of the membrane, the thickness of the bilayer was estimated to be 3.4 nm. Three inhalation anesthetics—chloroform, halothane, and enflurane—increased the capacitance in two distinctly different modes. At low concentrations, the anesthetics increased the capacitance asymptotically to a limiting value. Further increase of the anesthetic concentration resulted in a sudden increase in capacitance with a break in the anesthetic concentration-capacitance curves. The following model is proposed for the interaction of anesthetics with lipid bilayers: at low concentrations below the breaking point, the anesthetics are mainly adsorbed to the interface. At the breaking point, they saturate the bilayer surface. Above this concentration, they start to penetrate into the lipid core. The partial pressures of anesthetics at the surface-saturating level correlated to the clinical potency with a correlation coefficient of better than 0.93. The thickness of the lipid core was reduced 3.2 nm at the breaking point. The decrement was 5.9%. Because the relative electrical permittivity of anesthetics is higher than that of the membrane lipid, the penetration may result in an increase of the relative permittivity of the bilayer. The sudden increase of capacitance at high anesthetics concentrations presumably is caused by this mechanism. The partition coefficients of the anesthetics between the bilayer and water were estimated to be as follows: at concentrations below the breaking point, chloroform 2660, halothane 3990, and enflurane 2750; and at concentrations above the breaking point, chloroform 1980, halothane 5720, and enflurane 2700. The good correlation between the partial pressures of the anesthetics to saturate the bilayer surface area and those of the clinical potencies suggests that (1) the action of inhalation anesthetics is nonspecific, and (2) physical properties of the nonphysiological simple bilayer can be used to probe physiological actions of these drugs on membranes, although they may represent a part of the drug actions.
Atomic Physics and Related Subjects.: Communications to Nature.: Moment of Inertia of Hydrogen from Raman Effect

Atomic Physics and Related Subjects.: Communications to Nature .: Moment of Inertia of Hydrogen from Raman Effect
PROPERTIES OF TWO REGULATING GENES FOR ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

Abstract Garen, A. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia) and H. Echols. Properties of two regulating genes for alkaline phosphatase. J. Bacteriol. 83:297–300. 1962.—A constitutive mutation in one of the two regulating genes for alkaline phosphatase has two effects on the synthesis of the enzyme: repression of synthesis is blocked, and the cell's capacity to produce the enzyme is reduced. The behavior of this type of mutation has been studied in heterozygotes. The results suggest that the product of this regulating gene functions as an inducer as well as a repressor.
Gamma-ray burst color-color diagrams.

We calculate the spectral hardness ratios for several intense gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which have sufficient statistics in four energy channels. We study the evolution of these hardness ratios during the events using color-color diagrams (CCDs) and we attempt a preliminary classification of GRBs based on their CCD evolution.
Coevolution of Symbiotic Species

This paper will consider the coevolution of species which are symbiotic in their interaction. In particular, we shall analyse the interaction of squirrels and oak trees, and develop a mathematical framework for determining the coevolutionary equilibrium for consumption and production patterns.
Profiles of Human Melanoma Cell Surface Proteins: Effects of Culturing on Two Different Substrates

Three human melanoma cell lines of differing invasive and metastatic potentials were cultured on either a plastic surface or a denuded amniotic basement membrane, and alterations in their cell surface proteins, invasive profiles, and the presence or absence of the 69 Kd high-affinity metastasis-associated laminin receptor were examined. Our data indicate that the labeled, precipitatable cell surface proteins are different from the three cell lines when they are cultured on the same substrate, and change when the cells are cultured on a different substrate. Furthermore, the invasive potential (as measured in the in vitro Membrane Invasion Culture System) is decreased for all of the cell lines after culturing the cells on a basement membrane matrix compared to a plastic surface. Finally, we show that the 69 Kd high-affinity metastasis-associated laminin receptor can be isolated from all three cell lines cultured on the two different substrates by labeling the cell surface with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and immunoprecipitating these targeted proteins.
Update on Spondyloarthropathies

Spondyloarthropathies are a cluster of interrelated and overlapping chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and the arthritis associated with psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases. The primary pathologic sites are the entheses (the sites of bony insertion of ligaments and tendons); the axial skeleton, including the sacroiliac joints; the limb joints; and some nonarticular structures, such as the gut, skin, eye, and aortic valve. Although spondyloarthropathies are not associated with rheumatoid factor, they show a strong association with HLA-B27; however, this association varies markedly among various spondyloarthropathies and among ethnic groups. The most widely used classification criterion, from the European Spondyloarthropathy Study Group, encompasses the currently recognized wider disease spectrum, with a sensitivity and specificity that generally exceed 85%. Spondyloarthropathies occur in genetically predisposed persons and are triggered by environmental factors, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation are not yet fully understood. Chlamydial and many enterobacterial infections can trigger reactive arthritis, but an infectious trigger for ankylosing spondylitis has not yet been established. HLA-B27 itself is involved in enhancing genetic susceptibility, but the underlying molecular basis is still unknown; additional genes include the putative susceptibility genes for Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, and psoriasis. A specific susceptibility gene for Crohn disease, NOD2, is located on chromosome 16q12, and one of the candidate genes for psoriasis, PSORS1, has been mapped to a 60-kb fragment on chromosome 6p, which is telomeric to the HLA-C locus. This paper reviews the efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy and other therapeutic advances.
Role of the major glutamate transporter GLT1 in nucleus accumbens core versus shell in cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior.

Relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior requires an increase in nucleus accumbens (NAc) core glutamate transmission. Decreased expression of glutamate type I transporter (GLT1), which is responsible for >90% of glutamate clearance, occurs in the core of rats withdrawn from cocaine self-administration, while treatment with ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic previously shown to increase GLT1 expression and function in rodents, upregulates GLT1 and attenuates cue-induced cocaine reinstatement. Here, we tested the effects of increasing GLT1 expression on cue-induced cocaine seeking in rats exposed to either limited (2 h/d) or extended (6 h/d) cocaine access followed by short (2 d) or long (45 d) withdrawal periods. Treatment with ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, i.p.) upregulated core GLT1 expression and attenuated cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior only in rats exposed to long withdrawal periods, with a greater effect in the extended-access condition. Pearson9s correlation revealed GLT1 expression in core to be inversely correlated with cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior. To localize the effects of GLT1 upregulation within NAc, we tested the hypothesis that blockade of GLT1 in NAc core, but not shell, would reverse the ceftriaxone-mediated effect. Rats withdrawn from cocaine self-administration were treated with the same dose of ceftriaxone followed by intracore or intrashell infusions of one of two GLT1 blockers, dihydrokainic acid (500 μm) or dl- threo -β-benzyloxyaspartate (250 μm), or saline. Our results reveal that the ceftriaxone-mediated attenuation of cue-induced cocaine reinstatement is reversed by GLT1 blockade in core, but not shell, and further implicate core GLT1 as a potential therapeutic target for cocaine relapse.
Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of warm dense lithium hydride: Examination of mixing rules

We have performed a systematic study of lithium hydride (LiH) in a density range from half to twice solid for temperatures from $0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}3.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ using quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) methods and have tested density and pressure mixing rules for obtaining equations of state and optical properties such as frequency-dependent absorption coefficients and Rosseland mean opacities. The QMD simulations for the full LiH fluid served as a benchmark against which to assess the rules. In general, the mixing rule based on the pressure matching produces superior equations of state and mean opacities for the mixture except at the very lowest temperatures and densities. However, the frequency-dependent absorption coefficients displayed considerable differences in some frequency ranges except at the highest temperatures and densities.
A “Ras-in-ALL” model of signaling?

Two papers in this issue identify mutations in genes encoding proteins that transduce growth and survival signals in subsets of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. These data provide new biologic insights and identify patients who might benefit from from targeted therapies. Deregulated
Trisomy C in an infant with polycystic kidneys and other malformations.

A female infant of non-consanguineous, healthy 40-year-old parents without family history of renal disease died one hour after birth following a 38 week gestation. She had a peculiar facial appearance with a flattened nasal bridge, epicanthic folds, micrognathia, and low-set ears. She also had a midline cleft palate, hyperextensible joints, and bilateral hip dislocation. The most significant finding at autopsy was bilateral polycystic disease of the kidneys, shown to be Potter's type II. The ovaries were also multicystic. Leukocyte culture showed the presence of 47 chromosomes, with an extra autosome in group C; there was no evidence of mosaicism. This is the first report of a viable infant with non-mosaic trisomy for a group C autosome.
Ventriculopleural shunts for hydrocephalus: a useful alternative.

From 1969 to 1979, ventriculopleural shunts were inserted in 29 children with progressive hydrocephalus. A standard zero pressure Pudenz pump without antisiphon device with a medium or high pressure Raimondi catheter was used in 28 and in one a Holter valve. The shunt functioned well in 7 but in 18 had to be changed as a result of a symptomatic pleural effusion. There were 6 infants less than 1 year of age in this series. When they are not included, the mean age at shunt insertion is 7 years and the number developing effusions becomes 14. This permits a more valid comparison with the later series 1979–1982 of 52 patients. A Portnoy ventricular catheter, a medium or high pressure Heyer Schulte pump with an antisiphon device and a Salmon distal catheter. Three patients developed a shunt infection. One died from Hurler’s syndrome with a functioning shunt. Four catheters became blocked by adhesions, and in only 1 patient was a peritoneal shunt substituted as a result of symptomatic effusion. 4 patients did not tolerate a high pressure pump with antisiphon device but became asymptomatic when a medium pressure shunt with antisiphon device was substituted.
Word sense disambiguation in queries

This paper presents a new approach to determine the senses of words in queries by using WordNet. In our approach, noun phrases in a query are determined first. For each word in the query, information associated with it, including its synonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, definitions of its synonyms and hyponyms, and its domains, can be used for word sense disambiguation. By comparing these pieces of information associated with the words which form a phrase, it may be possible to assign senses to these words. If the above disambiguation fails, then other query words, if exist, are used, by going through exactly the same process. If the sense of a query word cannot be determined in this manner, then a guess of the sense of the word is made, if the guess has at least 50% chance of being correct. If no sense of the word has 50% or higher chance of being used, then we apply a Web search to assist in the word sense disambiguation process. Experimental results show that our approach has 100% applicability and 90% accuracy on the most recent robust track of TREC collection of 250 queries. We combine this disambiguation algorithm to our retrieval system to examine the effect of word sense disambiguation in text retrieval. Experimental results show that the disambiguation algorithm together with other components of our retrieval system yield a result which is 13.7% above that produced by the same system but without the disambiguation, and 9.2% above that produced by using Lesk's algorithm. Our retrieval effectiveness is 7% better than the best reported result in the literature.
THE MEASUREMENT OF ATOMIC OXYGEN IN THE MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE

A discussion of the laboratory calibration, calibration simulation, and accuracy of a resonance fluorescence instrument for measuring oxygen atoms is given. The discussion demonstrates that a sensor can be calibrated with good accuracy to obtain in situ measurements of the oxygen density in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere. Oxygen data are reported from six rocket flights. These data represent four midlatitude flights and two aurora1 Sights. There are two night and two day profiles for the midlatitude experiments. The maximum densities found from these sets of data in the 9ClOO km regions are between 1.5x 10" cm-' and 3.5 x 10" ctn3. Agreement with the MSIS-86 model predictions is obtained for altitudes above 120 km for midlatitude flights. The aurora1 data are less than the model prediction by about a factor of 2. The data show structure that is nrobably indicative of gravity wave effects of a nominal 5 km vertical wavelength.
Correlation inequalities for two-component hypercubic /var phi//sub 4/ models

A collection of new and already known correlation inequalities is found for a family of two-component hypercubic /var phi//sub 4/ models, using techniques of duplicated variables, rotated correlation inequalities, and random walk representation. Among the interesting new inequalities are: rotated very special Dunlop-Newman inequality greater than or equal to 0, and anti-Lebowitz inequality u/sub 4//sup 1111/ greater than or equal to 0.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function by Bedside Ultrasound in Acute Toxic Myocarditis

Abstract Background Myocarditis can be difficult to diagnose in the Emergency Department (ED) due to the lack of classic symptoms and the wide variation in presentations. Poor cardiac contractility is a common finding in myocarditis and can be evaluated by bedside ultrasound. Objective To demonstrate the utility of fractional shortening measurements as an estimation of left ventricular function during bedside cardiac ultrasound evaluation in the ED. Case Report A 54-year-old man presented to the ED complaining of 3 days of chest tightness, palpitations, and dyspnea, as well as persistent abdominal pain and vomiting. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus tachycardia with presumably new ST-segment elevation and signs of an incomplete right bundle branch block. A bedside echocardiogram was performed by the emergency physician that showed poor left ventricular function by endocardial fractional shortening measurements. On further questioning, the patient revealed that for the past 2 weeks he had been regularly huffing a commercially available compressed air duster. Based on these history and examination findings, the patient was given a presumptive diagnosis of toxic myocarditis. A follow-up echocardiogram approximately 7 weeks later demonstrated resolution of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction and his ECG findings normalized. Conclusion Cardiac ultrasound findings of severely reduced global function measured by endocardial fractional shortening were seen in this patient and supported the diagnosis of myocarditis. Endocardial fractional shortening is a useful means of easily evaluating and documenting left ventricular function and can be performed at the bedside in the ED.
Ab initio study of molecular oxygen adsorption on Pu (111) surface

Using the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory (DFT), molecular and dissociative oxygen adsorptions on a Pu (111) surface has been studied in detail. Dissociative adsorption with a layer-by-layer alternate spin arrangement of the plutonium layer is found to be energetically more favorable, and adsorption of oxygen does not change this feature. Hor1 (O2 is parallel to the surface and lattice vectors) approach on the center2 (center of the unit cell, where there is a Pu atom directly below on the third layer) site, both without and with spin polarization, was found to be the preferred chemisorbed site among all cases studied with chemisorption energies of 8.365 and 7.897 eV, respectively. The second-highest chemisorption energy occurs at the Ver (O2 is vertical to the surface) approach of the bridge site with chemisorption energies of 8.294 eV (non-spin-polarized) and 7.859 eV (spin-polarized), respectively. We find that 5f electrons are more localized in the spin-polarized case than the non-spin-polarized counterparts. Localization of the 5f electrons is higher in the oxygen-adsorbed plutonium layers compared with the bare layers. The ionic part of OPu bonding plays a significant role in the chemisorption process, along with Pu 5fO 2p hybridization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Effects of Response Type and Set Size on Stroop Color-Word Performance:

The effect of several procedural variables was investigated in a discrete-trials Stroop task. Undergraduate students identified the color of four types of stimuli (asterisks, words unrelated to color, and incongruent and congruent Stroop stimuli) using verbal responses, buttons labeled with color words, and buttons labeled with colors. Set size was manipulated by presenting 2, 3, 4, or 5 different colors in a given trial block. A significant Stroop effect occurred in the verbal response condition, the size of the Stroop effect was reduced in the word-button condition, and the Stroop effect was eliminated in the color-button condition. Increases in set size produced linear increases in response time but did not influence the size of the Stroop effect.
β-Sitosteryl d-glucoside and β-sitosterol from commercially dried grapefruit pulp☆

Abstract β-Sitosteryl d -glucoside and β-sitosterol were isolated from commercially dried grapefruit pulp and from grapefruit seeds. Infrared data showed that these compounds are identical with those isolated from orange juice. These compounds were found to have a low order of antifungal activity.
Congenital hypopituitarism associated with hyperammonemia

Neonatal onset hypopituitarism is a life threatening but potentially treatable metabolic condition. However, in the majority of cases it can be fatal due to the metabolic disturbances. We report a newborn with profound symptomatic hypoglycemia and hyperammonemia who initially was thought to have an inborn error of metabolism (IEM). After an initial falsely reassuring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan, further endocrine investigation eventually led to the correct diagnosis and treatment.
Adolescent vegetarians : A behavioral profile of a school-based population in Minnesota

Objective: To compare a population-based sample of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescents regarding food intake patterns, disordered eating, and a range of other non–food-related health-compromising and health-promoting behaviors. Design: A cross-sectional school-based survey. Setting: Public schools within nonurban areas of Minnesota. Participants: Adolescents (n=107) aged 12 to 20 years who reported on the Minnesota Adolescent Health Survey that they follow a vegetarian diet and a comparison group of nonvegetarian youth (n=214) matched for sex, age, and ethnicity. The percentage of self-identified vegetarians in the study population was relatively low (0.6%); most of the vegetarians were female (81%). Main Outcome Measures: Food intake patterns, disordered eating (frequent dieting, binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and laxative use), health-compromising behaviors (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use and suicide attempts), and health-promoting behaviors (seat belt use, physical activity, and brushing teeth regularly). Results: Vegetarian adolescents were twice as likely to consume fruits and vegetables (P Conclusions: A vegetarian diet may be beneficial because of increased fruit and vegetable consumption and decreased consumption of foods high in fat, salt, and sugar. However, adolescents following a vegetarian diet need to be screened for adequate food intake and potential disordered eating behaviors. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997;151:833-838
A Model-Based Method for Rotation Invariant Texture Classification

This paper presents a new model-based approach for texture classification which is rotation invariant, i.e., the recognition accuracy is not affected if the orientation of the test texture is different from the orientation of the training samples. The method uses three statistical features, two of which are obtained from a new parametric model of the image called a ``circular symmetric autoregressive model.'' Two of the proposed features have physical interpretation in terms of the roughness and directionality of the texture. The results of several classification experiments on differently oriented samples of natural textures including both microtextures and macrotextures are presented.
Differential effects of massage and Heelstick procedures on transcutaneous oxygen tension in preterm neonates

Abstract The present study investigated the differential effects of heelsticks and tactile-kinesthetic massage on transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2) in preterm infants. The sample was comprised of 37 stabilized preterm neonates from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. During the heelstick procedure, TcPO2 significantly declined an average of 14 mmHg. When compared to the tactile-kinesthetic massage, TcPO2 levels during the heelstick (M = 39.8) were significantly lower than during the stimulation (M = 72.8). Mean TcPO2 levels remained clinically safe during the four massage sessions evaluated. The TcPO2 levels during kinesthetic stimulation were somewhat more varied, and movement and pressurization of the TcPO2 electrode were investigated as possible artifactual explanations for this phenomenon. Overall, the findings indicate that social forms of touch such as tactile-kinesthetic massage do not appear to have a medically compromising effect on TcPO2 in the preterm neonate. These findings are evaluated in relation to the “minimal touch” policy, and implications for future handling of the stabilized preterm neonate are discussed.
Resolution in sub-micrometer particle separations by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract The separation of colloidal particles by capillary electrophoresis is defined by separation mechanisms that are considerably more complex than those for small ions. As a consequence, optimization of separation conditions for a given pair of particles has different requirements as well. The primary determinant of selectivity is ionic strength of the buffer for a given particle size, and the primary determinant of peak dispersion (‘column efficiency’) is dispersion in zeta potential or, equivalently, electrokinetic surface charge density. Both of these effects are demonstrated with a series of polymer micropheres. Dispersion in zeta potential is determined by Monte Carlo simulation of mobility dispersion under conditions that minimize or include models for other sources of dispersion. The resultant data show that relatively small dispersions in zeta potential, less than 5%, can be responsible for considerable peak broadening, and this electrophoretic dispersion clearly limits resolution.