cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid changes in cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activity and other P450 isozymes following ethanol withdrawal in rats

This study describes the effects of chronic ethanol (ETOH) treatment and withdrawal on the rat hepatic mixed-function mono-oxygenase system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200 g, 10 per group) were administered ETOH as part of the Lieber-deCarli liquid diet for 3 weeks. Ethanol was removed, and the animals were euthanized at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hr post-withdrawal. Microsomes were prepared, and ethanol-inducible cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) activity was measured using the enzyme markers N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMAd), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH) and aniline hydroxylase (AH). Activities were found to be induced significantly after chronic ETOH feeding using all three assays (NDMAd, 5-fold; PNPH, 3.5-fold; AH, 9-fold). Upon ETOH withdrawal, all three activities dropped markedly, with NDMAd and PNPH at control values at 24 hr and all subsequent time points. AH activity remained 3-fold higher than controls at 24, 48 and 72 hr. Western blot analyses showed that immunoreactive CYP2E1 returned to control at 24 hr, consonant with NDMAd and PNPH activities. The prolonged induction of AH activity following ETOH withdrawal indicates that it is not a specific marker of CYP2E1-catalyzed reactions. Collectively, these data are suggestive of a rapid mechanism of CYP2E1 degradation in the rat liver. Of the other parameters investigated in this study, total cytochrome P450 content was increased 2.5-fold after ETOH feeding, with levels dropping markedly 24 hr post-withdrawal. NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase activity was unchanged throughout the course of the study. CYP1A1, CYP2B1 and CYP3A activities were assessed by the substrate probes ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) and erythromycin N-demethylase (ERNd). EROD and PROD were induced significantly by ETOH administration (2-fold) at 0 hr, with EROD remaining elevated over controls 24 hr post-withdrawal. Quantitative western blot analysis of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 revealed a pattern of immunostaining generally consistent with but less variable than levels predicted by the respective substrate markers. Both proteins were induced significantly by chronic ethanol administration (CYP1A1, 1.9-fold; CYP2B1, 4-fold). Induction of these P450 isoforms persisted for several days following withdrawal. In contrast, immunoreactive CYP1A2 was found to decrease significantly (by 30-40%) during ethanol withdrawal (24, 48, 72, 168 hr). ERNd activity was induced significantly by chronic ETOH feeding (2.5-fold) and remained so for 24 hr into the withdrawal period (2-fold). Immunoreactive CYP3A1 was also induced significantly following ETOH administration (0 hr) and 24 hr following withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Differential nuclear fluorescence during the cell cycle.

Abstract With a modified quinacrine dihydrochloride staining method interphase nuclei show differences in their fluorescent characteristics. In human embryonic fibroblasts and synchronized HeLa cells (S3), it could be demonstrated that these patterns reflect their position within the cell cycle. This study provides further evidence for conformational changes of chromatin during interphase and offers a cytological method for distinguishing cell cycle stages.
Characteristics of a hemolysin from Gonyaulax monilata Howell

Abstract A toxic extract from the red tide dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax monilata Howell has been isolated. The hemolytic activity of the extract against human erythrocytes was compared, in vitro, to those of digitonin and phospholipase A2. The dose-response curves of the toxic extract and digitonin were statistically parallel to one another; however, digitonin exhibited a potency four times that of the extract on a weight basis. The potency of the phospholipase was much lower than either the digitonin or the toxic extract and the slope of the dose-response curve differed considerably from those of the latter two compounds. No erythrocyte ghosts were present following hemolysis with any of the compounds utilized. The hemolytic component of the toxic extract appears to cause fragmentation of the erythrocyte membrane. It does not appear that hemolysis is caused by hydrolytic action on the lecithin fraction of the membrane. The active component exhibits chemical characteristics like those of an unsaturated glycolipid, possibly steroid based.
Quantum chemical analysis of the vibrational frequencies and structure of tetrachlorodiborane

The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of B2Cl4 are examined theoretically using the gaussian98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of six types of motion predicted by a group theoretical analysis (B–B stretch, B–Cl stretch, BCl2 scissors, BCl2 rock, BCl2 wag, and B–B torsion) utilizing the D2d symmetry of the molecule. The vibrational modes of the naturally isotopically substituted (1-10B and 2-10B) forms of B2Cl4 were also calculated and compared against experimental data. The barrier to rotation of the around the B–B bond is examined. Molecular orbitals are presented.
Hysteresis in the Lorenz equations

Abstract The phenomenon of hysteresis, associated with multiple stable solution behaviours, has been predicted and observed in the Lorenz equations when r and σ are large.
Evaluation of a 1200-V, 800-A All-SiC Dual Module

Enhanced material properties of silicon carbide (SiC) offer improved performance capabilities for power electronic devices compared to traditional silicon (Si) components. This paper reports on the experimental characterization of a 1200-V, 800-A all-SiC dual power module that incorporates twenty 80-A SiC MOSFETs and twenty 50-A SiC junction barrier Schottky diodes. Forward and reverse conduction characteristics were measured at multiple gate voltages, current sharing was examined between the MOSFETs, and switching energies were calculated for various currents. Additionally, this module has operated in a full-bridge circuit with a peak loading of 900 Adc, a 600 Vdc bus, and a junction temperatures of 153°C. From the experimental data, a model of the module was created and used in a dc-ac inverter simulation study to demonstrate the possible benefits of SiC compared to Si technology. The use of an all-SiC module was shown to reduce inverter losses by 40% or more for most operating conditions. Furthermore, for similar output current levels, the all-SiC module can operate at switching frequencies four times higher than that of the Si module. This advanced dual power module demonstrates the ability to produce a high-current high-power switch using SiC technology.
Nowhere-zero 4-flows and cycle double covers

Abstract In this paper, we obtained some necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph having 5-, 6- and 7-cycle double covers, etc. We also provide a few necessary and sufficient conditions for a graph admitting a nowhere-zero 4-flow. With the aid of those basic properties of nowhere-zero 4-flow and the result about 5-cycle double cover, we are able to prove that each 2-edge-connected graph with one edge short of admitting a nowhere-zero 4-flow has a 5-cycle double cover which is a generalization of a theorem due to Huck and Kochol (JCTB, 1995) for cubic graphs.
A force-matching method for quantitative hardness measurements by atomic force microscopy with diamond-tipped sapphire cantilevers

Abstract We present a new method to improve the accuracy of force application and hardness measurements in hard surfaces by using low-force (
Effect of modulated alternating and direct current iontophoresis on transdermal delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride.

The objective of this study was to investigate the iontophoretic delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride through porcine skin and to compare the effects of modulated alternating and direct current iontophoresis. Continuous and modulated iontophoresis was applied for one hour and two hours (0-1 h and 4-5th h) using a 1% w/v solution of lidocaine hydrochloride. Tape stripping was done to quantify the amount of drug permeated into stratum corneum and skin extraction studies were performed to determine the amount of drug in stripped skin. Receptor was sampled and analyzed over predefined time periods. The amount of lidocaine delivered across porcine skin after modulated direct current iontophoresis for 2 h was μg/sq·cm compared to μg/sq·cm after modulated alternating current iontophoresis for 2 h. Modulated direct current iontophoresis also enhanced lidocaine delivery by twelvefold compared to passive delivery as μg/sq·cm of lidocaine was delivered after passive delivery. Modulated iontophoresis enhanced the delivery of lidocaine hydrochloride across porcine skin compared to the passive delivery. Modulated alternating current iontophoresis for duration of 2 h at frequency of 1 kHz was found to be comparable to the continuous direct current iontophoresis for 1 h.
Reactions of charged massive particles in a deuterium environment

We consider paths to the observation of the ultraheavy, negatively charged particle, a possible remnant from the early Universe. In particular, we study the reactions in a deuterium environment.
Ramiation and Annealing Studies on Oxygen-Doped and Lithium Diffused Germanium

Hall coefficient and resistivity measurements were used to determine the apparent carrier concentration and mobility of n-type Ge doped with specific impurities, or grown to contain oxygen, and then altered by annealing, Co60 photon irradiation, or Li diffusion. Annealing at 350°C increased the donor concentration and decreased the mobility of oxygen-doped Ge as a consequence of oxygen clustering. Subsequent annealing at 500°C decreased the donor concentration and increased the mobility as a consequence of oxygen dissociation. Clustering and dissociation were repeated many times with no apparent alteration of total oxygen content. The apparent rate of introduction of lattice defects by Co60 photons was essentially independent of oxygen concentration in Ge containing up to ~ 1016 dissociated oxygen cm-3. Formation of a primary defect state at Ec -0.2 eV was observed for all concentrations. There was no evident interaction between the radiation induced defects and oxygen after defect formation, but some evidence was observed of defect stabilization against annealing in oxygen-doped Ge. There also was no evident interaction between Li and normal donors or oxygen in Ge after Li diffusion, precipitation, and annealing (~ 400°C), but Li interacted with "deep-level" acceptor impurities (Ag, Au or Cu) to form donors that were stable up to ? 500°C.
A note on the control of spontaneous activity in nervous systems

The spontaneous activity which is common to several natural afferent systems (thermal receptors, semicircular canal receptors) may be supposed to reduce the sensitivity of detection of stimuli by the organism. The simple device of reciprocal inhibition (conjoined negation) can be shown to suppress spontaneous activity. To illustrate this principle, a McCulloch-Pitts network is constructed for thermal sensitivity and its mathematical properties are examined.
Factors Affecting the Color and Clarity of Casein Plastics

Summary 1. Equipment is described and procedures are given for converting casein into plastic test strips that are suitable for accurate color and clarity measurements. 2. By extracting a rennet casein of good quality with alcohol or acetone at 140 to 150° F. it is possible to make a plastic from it with very low color and high transparency. 3. Fat contained in the casein is largely responsible for the opacity of the plastic. Fat also contributes to the color. 4. The inclusion of buttermilk in making casein is detrimental to the color and clarity of the plastic due to the increased fat content contributed by the buttermilk. 5. Riboflavin held by the casein is largely responsible for the yellow color of the plastic, especially if the casein was poorly washed. 6. Alum additions in making the plastic increase its opacity and accentuate its color. Formaldehyde curing of the plastic causes some increase in opacity. 7. Excessive heating of the skim milk from which the casein is made increases both the color and the opacity of the plastic. 8. High acidity in the skim milk from which the casein is made is detrimental to the color and clarity of the plastic, due to the poorer washing qualities of the casein, greater fat retention by the casein, and, in part, probably due to the lower ash content of the casein. 9. The incorporation of coagulated whey proteins increased the opacity of the plastic. 10. Prolonged drying or exposure of the casein to excessive temperatures are detrimental to the color and clarity of the plastic, especially so if the casein was poorly washed. 11. Incipient putrefaction of the casein prior to drying was not detrimental to the color or clarity of the plastic, but in some cases led to gas holes in the plastic. 12. The method of making rennet casein with agitation applied during the coagulation produced some improvement in the color and clarity of the plastic due to the better washing qualities of the casein and its lower fat content. The time for making the casein is reduced by this method, but there is a slight loss in yield. 13. Extraneous matter may be a source of color and opacity in the plastic.
Circuit design in nano-scale CMOS era: opportunities & challenges

Moore's law has driven today's CMOS technology well into the nano-scale regime. For over four decades, the relentless technology scaling has been the main growth engine for the semiconductor industry in bringing out ever-increasing performance to the end-user while lowering product cost. But the miniaturization of CMOS transistor has led to many new challenges and increasing difficulties in achieving robust circuit design to meet power and performance needs along with high-volume manufacturing (HVM) requirements. It is particularly challenging in designing embedded memory and analog circuits on a leading edge logic process in which the transistor-induced variations pose a growing hurdle in achieving the robustness of the design as the technology scaling continues. Technology and design co-optimization has become essential for the success in developing future VLSI circuits.In this talk, the state of current technology scaling trend along with key process innovations will be first discussed, along with their impacts on fundamental circuit design. The presentation will then focus on the scaling challenges facing today's VLSI circuits, including overall power management, voltage scaling for on-die SRAM design, and robustness of key analog circuit blocks for the state-of-the-art CPU and logic applications. Innovative design solutions along with process optimization will be thoroughly discussed as examples on how to achieve optimal scaling benefits while meeting the HVM requirements. The future direction in CMOS circuit design will then be discussed in light of continuous technology scaling.
Effects of maceration of rice straw on voluntary intake and performance of growing beef cattle fed rice straw-based rations

Abstract Effects of field scale maceration on voluntary intake of rice straw, diet digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) and performance of growing cattle were evaluated through chemical, in vitro and animal feeding experiments over a 3-year period. Due to the sequential nature of the study (i.e., a discrete experiment was completed in each year), the method of maceration differed among years. However, in each year, replicated rice fields of approximately 2.4 ha each, which had been managed similarly during growth, were harvested with or without maceration immediately after harvest. While no quantitative measure of maceration was applied in any experiment, the extent of maceration in year 1 was visually judged to be very light, characterized by only a few stem punctures and no longitudinal stem shredding. In year 2, the extent of stem puncture was increased, most internodes were crushed and a small amount of longitudinal shredding had occurred and, in year 3, the amount of internode crushing and longitudinal shredding was extreme. In each feeding experiment, cattle were managed in groups of 8–10 and fed the experimental diets for a 14-day adaptation period prior to weighing on day 0 of the study. Diets consisted of alfalfa hay, concentrate ingredients and rice straw that were fed for ad libitum intake. In general, the chemical composition of the rice straw was typical of California rice straw and, in spite of some differences due to maceration within year, there was no consistent impact on any analyte among years. In each year, the macerated rice straw had a numerically higher calculated metabolizable energy value, but these differences failed to reach statistical significance. The 30 h in vitro digestibility of aNDF in the feces of cattle fed macerated straw was lower (P
Modulated molecular beam scattering of CO and NO from Pt(111) and the stepped Pt(557) crystal surfaces

The modulated molecular beam scattering of CO and NO from Pt(111) and Pt(557) have been studied in the temperature range of 350-1100 K. For CO scattered from Pt(111), an adsorption-desorption model with constant sticking coefficient fits the data well above 500°K, The best rate parameters are: {nu}=2.9x10{sup 13}, E=29.9 kcal/mole, and S=0.74. For CO scattered from Pt(557) the same model fits the data well above 550°K and the best rate parameters are {nu}=7.9x10{sup 13}, E=33.6 kcal/mole, and S=0.74. The higher activation energy for desorption from the stepped Pt(557), as compared to the flat Pt(111), suggests that while the incident molecules can be adsorbed at the step as well as at the terrace, their desorption energy is influenced by the presence of steps. An adsorption-desorption model with coverage-dependent sticking coefficient fits the data obtained at all temperatures well for both surfaces without change of the kinetic parameters. For NO scattered from Pt(111), the adsorption-desorption model with constant sticking coefficient fits the data well above 525°K using the rate parameters of {nu}=6.2x10{sup 13}, E=28.6 kcal/mole, and S=0.65. For NO scattered from Pt(557), the same model fits the data well above 525°K with {nu}=1.2x10{sup 14}, E=32.3 kcal/mole, and S=0.71. The higher activation energy suggests again that NO desorption is influenced by the presence of steps. Below 525°K, the NO scattering results are quite different from those of CO and can not be simulated with the simple models that were tried. The data can be used, however, to rule out several models of surface interactions. NO does not dissociate detectably between 400 K ~1200 K under our experimental conditions. The sticking coefficient decreases with increasing coverage.
Scheduled Sanitation To Reduce Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations in Beef Cattle Feedlots

Sanitation has been long recommended as a means of reducing stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), populations at cattle feedlots, but there is little published research to support this recommendation. In each of the 2 yr of this study, 4 feedlots received complete sanitation and 4 feedlots received no cleaning. The objective was to have the initial cleaning done before 1 June and then to reclean as needed every 2 wk thereafter. The feedlots that were cleaned had significantly fewer flies than the uncleaned feedlots, with 50.9% fewer stable flies during the 1st yr and 36.2% fewer flies in the 2nd yr. These reductions were realized even though initial cleaning was not done by 1 June in either year: bad weather delayed completion until 20 June the 1st yr and 29 June the 2nd yr. Sanitation at cattle feedlots significantly reduces stable fly populations and sanitation may have been more effective if initial cleaning was done by 1 June.
A review of behavioral treatments for bulimia nervosa.

Despite early pessimism regarding its prognosis, behavior therapy has proven to be an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa. The average reduction in vomiting achieved at the end of behavioral treatment is 70%, with about 44% of patients completely abstinent. Even greater improvements are found in studies that use cognitive and behavioral procedures over a longer period and emphasize relapse prevention. Patients treated with behavior therapy also exhibit improvement on measures of psychological symptoms, self-esteem, and social relationships, though the focus of treatment may be on binge eating and vomiting. Nevertheless, a significant minority of individuals drop out of treatment prematurely or remain unimproved. Still in its early stage, behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa needs much more empirical development and evaluation.
Mass wasting, methane venting, and biological communities on the Mendocino transform fault

Chemosynthetic cold-seep vestimentiferan tubeworms and vesicomyid clams inhabiting oceanic basaltic rock have been discovered on the Gorda Escarpment sector of the Mendocino transform fault 73 km west of Cape Mendocino, northern California. The sparse cold-seep animals are "biomarkers" that identify zones of focused fluid venting from a methane gas horizon seismically imaged as a bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) within sediments on the southern flank of the escarpment. This is the first example of a methane-based cold-seep community on exposed oceanic basement rock within an area dominated by transform tectonics. This discovery extends the range of known environments in which the subsurface flow and venting of methane-rich fluids are linked both with geological activity and chemosynthetic communities. Observations by remotely operated vehicle of the distribution of the animals, sediment, basaltic talus, and basement outcrop delineate a large slump headscarp that channels subsurface fluid. Seismic surveys of the southern flank of the Mendocino transform fault (the Vizcaino block) define a BSR hosted in the thick sedimentary sequence that projects to the wall of the Gorda Escarpment at the same depth as the chemosynthetic community. The well-defined BSR in the marine sediment of the Vizcaino block results from an accumulation of methane gas possibly capped by methane hydrate. The isotopic composition of Mg-calcite found along the headscarp (δ 1 3 C = -65‰; δ 1 8 O = 4.8‰) is consistent with fluids derived from dissociated methane hydrate. We propose that the tectonic uplift along this transform margin has resulted in the lateral, northward movement of methane from the Vizcaino sedimentary sequence to the east-trending wall of the north-facing Gorda Escarpment.
High-temperature distributed fiber optic sensors

In this paper, a brief review of recent advances on high-temperature distributed fiber optic sensors is presented, which includes (1) background on fiber gratings, (2) in-fiber grating fabrication methods in single crystal sapphire fiber, (3) reflection-type fiber specklegram generated in single crystal sapphire fiber, and (4) preliminary experimental results on high temperature sensing.
Genesis of the restrictive filling pattern: Pericardial constraint or myocardial restraint

Abstract Background Restrictive filling pattern has been predictive of heart failure in patients with cardiomyopathy and after myocardial infarction, and is similar to the filling pattern in constrictive pericarditis and amyloid heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of both myocardial restraint and pericardial constraint in a chronic left ventricular dysfunction model with restrictive filling. Methods After instrumentation, a flat balloon containing a high-fidelity pressure catheter was inserted through a pericardial incision in 12 dogs with chronic left ventricular dysfunction. Intracardiac volume (ICV) was manipulated by inferior venal caval balloon occlusion and volume loading while hemodynamics, echo-assessed chamber size, and transmitral Doppler were obtained at the same atrial paced rate with an intact pericardium and after pericardiectomy. Results With an intact pericardium, deceleration time increased with reduced ICV (130 ± 35 vs 153 ± 47 milliseconds, P P P P P P P Conclusions Pericardial constraint and myocardial restraint play a role in restrictive filling pattern. Pericardial constraint becomes evident with redistribution of diastolic filling to later in diastole after pericardiectomy.
BRILLOUIN FLOW IN RELATIVISTIC BEAMS

ABSTRACT A solution in closed form for Brillouin flow under relativistic conditions in a cylindrical geometry is derived in the limit of low beam temperature. Curves and formulae are given relating density, magnetic field, energy and tangential velocity throughout the beam. In particular it is found that the forward velocity is constant to all orders in the radial coordinate, that under ultra-relativistic conditions the beam of maximum perveance has a forward velocity approaching c/√2, and that the maximum current is proportional in the ultra-relativistic limit to the square of the energy of the outermost particles.
The path to a healthy workplace: A critical review linking healthy workplace practices, employee well-being, and organizational improvements.

This review synthesizes much of the previousresearch since 1990 linking healthy workplacepractices in organizations to employee well-be-ing and organizational improvements. Based onthe review, both a direct and an indirect linkbetween healthy workplace practices and orga-nizational improvements are proposed. Fivegeneral categories of healthy workplace prac-tices were identiﬁed in the literature: work-lifebalance, employee growth and development,health and safety, recognition, and employeeinvolvement. Previous research also suggeststhat the link between these practices and em-ployee and organizational outcomes is contin-gent on the effectiveness of communicationwithin the organization and the alignment ofworkplace practices with the organizationalcontext. Finally, a discussion of some limita-tions of previous research and recommenda-tions for future work in the area of healthyworkplace practices are provided.Keywords:
John Dee's Conversations with Angels : Cabala, Alchemy, and the End of Nature

List of illustrations Acknowledgements List of abbreviations and conventions Introduction Part I. Genesis: 1. The colloquium of angels: Prague, 1586 2. Building Jacob's ladder: the genesis of the angel conversations 3. Climbing Jacob's ladder: angelology as natural philosophy Part II. Revelations: 4. 'Then commeth the ende': apocalypse, natural philosophy, and the angel conversations 5. 'The true cabala': reading the book of nature 6. Adam's alchemy: the medicine of God and the restitution of nature Epilogue Select bibliography Index.
Band Teacher Turnover and Its Relationship to Arizona Marching Band Participation

Teacher turnover is an important issue in education. Studies have reported that almost half of new teachers leave by their fifth year. The problem is being examined in a number of ways, including the preparation of new teachers, costs to school districts, the impact on student achievement, and models of supply and demand. In the current study, Arizona high school band teacher turnovers were tracked during a 4-year period to compare with national trends. Also during this period, the participation of marching bands was compared with the amount of band teacher turnover at each school to see if any relationships exist. Overall, results indicate that as the amount of band teacher turnover increases, marching band participation decreases. Schools with no band teacher turnover have the most consistent levels of student participation.
Alaskan agribusiness: A Post-statehood review

Analyses of statistical and historical data reveal three growth models in the Alaska agribusiness industry since statehood in 1959. These models are based on the degree of federal and state investment in agriculture. There have been minimal investments in vegetables and potatoes. Investments in dairying have been modest but long sustained. Those in the feed grain and red meat segment of the industry have been highly variable. Growth characteristics and potentials for each of these three segments of the agribusiness industry are analyzed.
Design of soil vapor extraction systems under conditions of uncertainty

This paper proposes a risk-cost approach for the design of soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems that takes into account uncertainties in the soil properties. The proposed design methodology consists of three separate models: a soil-gas flow and vapor transport model, a parameter uncertainty model, and a decision model based on a risk-cost objective function. A description of each of these models is provided and an example using a hypothetical scenario is given to illustrate the use of the methodology. Results from the example show that the methodology is suited for determining the number, location, and spacing of SVE extraction wells. The methodology can also be used to size the vacuum blower to be used and to predict when the SVE system should be shut off.
Maudsley reactive and non-reactive rat strains: Differential performance in a conflict task

Abstract Based on open field defecation rates, distinct strains of Maudsley rats have been identified. The Maudsley Reactive strains exhibit high levels of open field defecation, while the Maudsley Non-Reactive strains exhibit low levels of open field defecation. This difference in open field behavior has been interpreted as an indicator of “emotionality.” The present studies were designed to compare the performance of two Maudsley strains, MR/Har and MNRA/Har, in the conditioned suppression of drinking (CSD) paradigm, another “model” behavior for the study of emotionality and/or anxiety in animals. In daily 10-minute sessions, water-deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube that was occasionally electrified (0.5 mA), electrification being signalled by a tone. In this procedure, MNRA/Har rats accepted significantly more shocks than did MR/Har rats. This difference between MR/Har and MNRA/Har strains, initially somewhat slight, became quite impressive over weeks of repeated testing. Although present in both male and female subjects, this strain difference was more prominent in the males. Thus, the MR/Har and MNRA/Har rat strains, bred originally for their differences in open field behavior, also differ markedly in their performance in the CSD paradigm. These findings suggest that the Maudsley rat strains may represent a useful genetically-based “animal model” for the study of emotionality and/or anxiety.
Multiple rectilinear prediction and the resolution into components: II

Given a battery ofn tests that has already been resolved intor orthogonal common factors andn unique factors, procedures are outlined for computing the following types of linear multiple regressions directly from the factor loadings: (i) the regression of any one test on then−1 remaining tests; (ii) all then different regressions of ordern−1 for then tests, computed simultaneously; (iii) the regression of any common factor on then tests; (iv) the regressions of all the common factors on then tests computed simultaneously; (v) the regression of any unique factor on then tests; (vi) the regressions of all the unique factors on then tests, computed simultaneously. Multiple and partial correlations are then determined by ordinary formulas from the regression coefficients. A worksheet with explicit instructions is provided, with a completely worked out example. Computing these regressions directly from the factor loadings is a labor-saving device, the efficiency of which increases as the number of tests increases. The amount of labor depends essentially on the number of common factors. This is in contrast to computations based on the original test intercorrelations, where the amount of labor increases more than proportionately as the number of tests increases. The procedures evaluate formulas developed in a previous paper (2). They are based essentially on a shortened way of computing the inverse of the test intercorrelation matrix by use of the factor loadings.
Multiscale dynamic modeling of processive motor proteins

This paper examines dynamic behavior of a single scale biological system, nanoscale processive motor proteins, which has multiscale features because of interactions with surrounding environment. A new multiscale mechanical modeling approach has been introduced that addresses these interactions, including contact and impact with substrate and fluidic viscosity, during motor proteins processivity. The idea leads to retaining mass properties which are critical to the treatment of contact and impact required for motor protein processivity. In addition, the model supports the intriguing possibility that the effective viscous friction forces are quite small. In order to accomplish this, minimal form of the first and the second order models using embedded constraints are developed. A comparison between a widely-accepted overdamped and the proposed underdamped dynamic behavior is presented. The resulting motion predicted by the spatial model of motor proteins are obtained using a simplified model of Myosin V.
Acinic cell carcinoma: Long‐term survival after pulmonary metastases. Light and electron microscopic study

Metastatic pulmonary nodules discovered 6 years after superficial parotidectomy for an acinic cell carcinoma in a 61-year-old man were studied by light and electron microscopy. The lesions were composed of clear cells and darker, gland-forming cells with granular cytoplasm, which by electron microscopy demonstrated features of ductal and acinar serous cells, respectively. Cytologic evidence of malignancy, such as extensive necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, significant mitotic activity, incomplete encapsulation, and perineural invasion was present. The patient is free of tumor 5 years after resection of the pulmonary lesions. In view of the indolent growth characteristics of this tumor, a more aggressive surgical approach to metastatic tumor foci is recommended. Cancer 40:756–765, 1977.
FIN 46R Changes Accounting for Many Structured Finance Deals

Structured finance transactions typically are executed through single-use legal vehicles generically known as “special purpose entities” or “SPEs.” The headline-grabbing financial collapses of 2001 made SPEs famous, and the accounting results they were typically used to achieve, infamous. FASB, the U.S. accounting standard setters, responded with a new accounting rule called FIN 46R. FIN 46R became effective in 2004 and was designed specifically to make a substantial change in the accounting landscape for structured transactions. FASB defined “variable interests” as contractual, ownership, or other commercial interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entity9s net assets (excluding variable interests). A “variable interest entity” (VIE) is an entity subject to FIN 46R consolidation rules. A company that is judged to have a majority of the risks and rewards of a VIE is called the “primary beneficiary” and needs to consolidate the VIE for financial statement purposes.
Cost effective contract food service

Abstract There is a dramatic increase in the number of health-care facilities using a management company to operate dietary services. With time this practice will be made for quantitative rather than attitudinal reasons and the quality of service offered by management companies will improve as they gain experience.
A sub-domain inverse finite element characterization of hyperelastic membranes including soft tissues.

Quantification of the mechanical behavior of hyperelastic membranes in their service configuration, particularly biological tissues, is often challenging because of the complicated geometry, material heterogeneity, and nonlinear behavior under finite strains. Parameter estimation thus requires sophisticated techniques like the inverse finite element method. These techniques can also become difficult to apply, however, if the domain and boundary conditions are complex (e.g. a non-axisymmetric aneurysm). Quantification can alternatively be achieved by applying the inverse finite element method over sub-domains rather than the entire domain. The advantage of this technique, which is consistent with standard experimental practice, is that one can assume homogeneity of the material behavior as well as of the local stress and strain fields. In this paper, we develop a sub-domain inverse finite element method for characterizing the material properties of inflated hyperelastic membranes, including soft tissues. We illustrate the performance of this method for three different classes of materials: neo-Hookean, Mooney Rivlin, and Fung-exponential.
A novel network node architecture for high performance and function flexibility

We developed a flexible network node that is tuned for high-speed and multilayer packet manipulation. The key idea is a dynamic function assignment mechanism; each packet processing task is assigned to several processing modules in an on-the-fly manner and incoming packets are processed in them. With this mechanism, we can freely arrange the modules and add extra ones if more processing power is needed. In addition, the processing modules are realized using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and micro processing units (MPUs). Thus, the functionality of each module can be dynamically changed at anytime. In this paper, the system concept and its implementation are described with an example application.
An interventional pilot study on obesity among low-income patients using a computer-based weight management module

Primary care physicians infrequently address lifestyle modification with their obese patients, among whom those of lower economic means are disproportionately represented. To enhance patients’ access to education on lifestyle modification, a clinic-based computer kiosk was installed at our residency clinic for the purpose of healthy lifestyle education. While posttest scores improved and were maintained after completion of lifestyle modification education, body mass index (BMI) was essentially unaffected. Computer-based education without intensive counseling on lifestyle modification appears ineffective in reducing BMI amongst obese patients of lower economic means. Accountable care organization-sponsored health coaching may represent a potential means by which intensive counseling is accomplished among such patients.
Waveform inversion of time-corrected refraction data

SUMMARY Seismic refraction data collected in land or marine surveys are often complicated by small, near-random time shifts of the individual seismograms relative to one another. For the case of fixed-receiver geometry, these shifts arise primarily from basement topography, often masked by sediments, beneath each source. Although a topographic timing correction is normally applied to the seismograms, the effects of poorly-known topography produce residual shifts in the seismograms. The application of additional time corrections (statics) can bias solutions computed using iterative waveform inversion, because a suitable set of statics can make a poor starting velocity model appear to match the data. Without any correction, however, seismograms computed from even the best-fitting laterally homogeneous model may not agree with the data to within one-half period. In this paper I present a formalism for iterative waveform inversion of refraction data containing residual time shifts. In this method the statics are directly modelled in the synthetic seismograms, and new values estimated in the inversion together with new velocity model parameters. The method is similar to studies of statics in seismic reflection data, but in this case values for the statics are estimated simultaneously with the velocity model; with the use of suitable norms the new velocity model is required to be smooth and the statics required to be small. Convergence is achieved when the velocity profile's roughness, the RMS size of the statics, and the waveform misfit are in equilibrium. Because the starting synthetics need not match the data to within one-half period, a much larger set of velocity models used for an initial guess will converge on the family of solutions than for waveform inversions in which time shifts are not used. The original, arbitrary starting model loses its importance after the first iteration, and solutions meeting the convergence criterion appear to be independent of the particular choice of starting model. Numerical tests show the method to be robust: an inaccurate starting model that fits the data only through a biased set of statics is accurately corrected. The method is illustrated on a set of refraction data collected in the vicinity of the East Pacific Rise. In this application two quite different starting velocity models converge to a common family of solutions.
Social Problem Solving as a Mediator of the Link Between Stress and Psychological Well-being in Middle-Adulthood

This study had two major objectives: (1) to examine the relationship between stress, social problem solving, and psychological well-being (PWB) in a sample of middle-aged adults (M 46.3 years) and (2) to examine the role of social problem solving as a potential mediator of the link between stress and PWB in this group. Correlational analyses indicated that both stress and social problem solving were significantly involved in PWB. Moreover, results from conducting a path analysis indicated that social problem solving partially mediated the link between stress and PWB. Although stress and negative problem orientation were found to be unique predictors of different dimensions of PWB, other social problem-solving dimensions also emerged as important predictors. Some implications of these findings for enhancing positive psychological functioning in middle-aged adults are discussed.
Observed positive feedback between the NAO and the North Atlantic SSTA tripole

[1] NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data from 1948 to 2001 are used to examine the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) tripole. It is demonstrated that the atmospheric anomalies associated with NAO produce tripole-like sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies; in turn, the SSTA tripole produces NAO-like atmospheric anomalies. Therefore, a positive feedback between the NAO and the SSTA tripole is suggested. The results are statistically significant; they clarify prior uncertainties associated with the relationship between the NAO and the North Atlantic SSTA tripole.
Intrathecal Narcotics for Relief of Pain From Head and Neck Cancer

We describe our experience with nine patients with head and neck pain of malignant origin who were treated with continuous low-dose intrathecal morphine via a lumbar catheter and implantable subcutaneous drug delivery pump. All patients had failed prior attempts at oral narcotic pain control due to either poor pain control or intolerable side effects. Using a visual analogue scale where the most severe pain is rated as 10 and no pain is rated as 0, the mean visual analogue scale was reduced from 7.6/10 (range, 5 to 10/10) before implantation to 1.9/10, 2.0/10, and 0.5/10 at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months after implantation, respectively. Complications were acceptable. We conclude that intrathecal administration of morphine is a safe and effective means of pain control. This method deserves serious consideration in patients with intractable pain secondary to head and neck malignancy.
Statistical estimation of worm burdens (Ascaridia galli) in chickens.

Abstract Under controlled laboratory conditions a definite positive relationship was found between the number of Ascaridia galli in the host and the number of eggs in the feces. Prediction equations developed to estimate an unknown A. galli burden from a known fecal egg count (total, wet weight, dry weight) related: (1) total number of worms in female hosts, (2) number of female worms in female hosts, (3) total number of worms in male hosts, and (4) the number of females in male hosts. Conditions affecting fecal egg counts as a means of estimating worm burden were: age of infection, diet of hosts, sex of hosts, age of host at exposure, length of female worms, and stress on the host.
Analyses of high speed interconnects using a non-conformal domain decomposition method

An efficient non-conformal domain decomposition method (DDM) is proposed to investigate signal integrity (SI) of high-speed interconnections on multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) in this paper.
Effect of aggregation on the estimation of trend in mortality.

There are three approaches to analyzing and forecasting age‐specific mortality: (1) analyze age‐specific data directly, (2) analyze each cause‐specific mortality series separately and add the results, (3) analyze cause‐specific mortality series jointly and add the results. We show that if linear models are used for cause‐specific mortality, then the three approaches often give close results even when cause‐specific series are correlated. This result holds for cross‐correlations arising from random misclassification of deaths by cause, and also for certain patterns of systematic misclassification. It need not hold, if one or more causes serve as “leading indicators”; for the remaining causes, or if outside information is incorporated into forecasting either through expert judgment or formal statistical modeling. Under highly nonlinear models or in the presence of modeling error the result may also fail. The results are illustrated with U.S. age‐specific mortality data from 1968–1985. In some cases the aggr...
Synchrotron-based X-ray lithography at Stanford University

Abstract In this paper we describe present and planned synchrotron-based X-ray lithography facilities at Stanford. We also present standard procedures used at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) for conducting experiments in lithography mask damage, device damage, and X-ray resist characterization.
Network strategies of nineteenth century Hesse-Cassel emigrants

Between 1820 and 1930 over 5 million Germans emigrated to overseas destinations, most to the U.S. By the 1850s the number of German migrants living in the U.S. was large, a consequence partly of cumulative causation. I provide evidence for the dramatic increase in networks by using micro-level data for the German principality of Hesse-Cassel in the mid-nineteenth century. A conservative measurement of network relationships finds that after 25 years almost half of them were related to a previous family member from the same village. Migrants who used family networks tended to move in small units. Usually only a few years separated networked family members, but some links lasted over a decade. Women were unlikely to start a network but more likely than men to travel to the U.S. Within some families, migrants switched from continental destinations to the U.S., perhaps due to the failure of the 1848 March Revolution.
Fas Ligand Expression in the Organ of Corti

We have previously demonstrated by FACS analysis and histochemistry that Fas ligand (FasL) increases on cochlear cell surfaces after immune response or stimulation with gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma). To determine whether the appearance of FasL on cochlear cell membranes is related to gene expression or to posttranslational events, cochlear cells were treated with IFN-gamma. They were evaluated for FasL gene expression by real-time PCR and for FasL protein localization by confocal microscopy of permeabilized and immunolabeled cells. Real-time PCR analysis of cDNAs generated from unstimulated or IFN-gamma-stimulated organ of Corti demonstrated no change in the transcription of the gene encoding FasL. In contrast, confocal microscopy revealed dramatic changes in the cellular distribution of FasL, consistent with movement from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The results suggest that recruitment of preformed FasL from intracellular compartments, rather than its biosynthesis, is responsible for the increase in FasL on the cell surface following IFN-gamma stimulation. This is similar to the response of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in which gene expression is not involved in FasL surface appearance. Presumably, the use of preformed FasL increases the rapidity of this response. FasL localization to the membrane may be involved in protecting the inner ear from autoimmunity or inflammation. Alternatively it may be related to cochlear cell death in response to inflammatory stress.