cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shin Freedman and James M. Freedman. Becoming a Library Leader: Seven Stages of Leadership Development for Academic Librarians . Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020. 268p. Paper, $68 (ISBN-10: 0838947670). ISBN-13: 978-0838947678.

In Becoming a Library Leader: Seven Stages of Leadership Development for Academic Librarians , the authors contend that administration, management, and service are often the main elements of development emphasized by academic libraries rather than leadership. The change of phrasing underlies the focus and structure of the book. The audience for this book is recent graduates of library schools or new managers. The stated intention of training new leaders and the specified audience creates a book that is geared toward the practical development of a successful leader.
Making the Most of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: Participant Feedback Reveals Strengths and Challenges

Abstract Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) offers comprehensive instruction to clients in three forms of meditation: the body scan, sitting meditation, and gentle hatha yoga. Clinical experience suggests that participants may express a preference for one mode of practice over others. However, little research has addressed this question or explored participants’ experience of nonspecific factors such as group discussion and teacher personality. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on these open questions in two ways. First, we present quantitative and qualitative post-test data from a nonclinical sample of 181 participants who completed course evaluation forms at the end of an 8-week MBSR program. Second, we share clinical insights and lessons learned over several years teaching MBSR in a community-based program. On evaluation forms, participants reported meaningful improvements in well-being following MBSR and evaluated the nonspecific elements of the course as highly useful. Although they rated all three forms of meditation as beneficial, there was a preference for the body scan and sitting meditation over yoga, and for audio-guided over self-guided practice. Qualitative feedback reflected themes related to learning different forms of meditation, developing an independent practice, meditating with a group, adding additional sessions, and appreciation for the course. Survey findings, taken together with existing research and clinical impressions, support recommendations to address participant preconceptions about the different forms of meditation, encourage meditation practice without audio guides, pay attention to the level of individual participation, discuss how to carve out time to meditate, and promote participants’ development of an ongoing meditation practice. We illustrate these points with case examples and clinical vignettes.
Teprotumumab and hearing loss: hear the warnings.

To the Editor,Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disfiguring and debilitating autoimmune condition of the orbit and periorbital tissues. Teprotumumab, sold under the brand name Tepezza (Horizon Therape...
Air pollution, investor sentiment and excessive returns

This paper extends the asset pricing literature by offering a proprietary index of negative investor sentiment linked to carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone particle (O3), 2.5 mm particulate matter (PM2.5), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels; determining the link between New York City air pollution and stock market returns. Kindly note that Food products and wholesale portfolio returns on average increase with enhanced negative investor sentiment. This is consistent with behaviors associated with psychological stress, like binge eating and shopping sprees. Personal services portfolio returns decrease on average with increased negative investor sentiment, consistent with behavioral isolationism.
Abstract 12613: Patient-reported Outcomes in a Multidisciplinary Electrophysiology-psychology Ventricular Arrhythmia Clinic

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and their treatment have been associated with psychological distress and poorer quality of life (QOL) in research studies. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) m...
An Analysis of the Susceptibility of Electric Aircraft to Lightning Strikes

This paper explores the indirect risks of lightning strikes to electric aircraft. We present background on potential impacts, field testing, strike zones, electrical subsystems, and mitigation techniques involved in the analysis of impact of lightning strikes. An explanation of the theory behind the Transmission Line Matrix method is also presented. A commercial tool, CST Studio Suite, was used to model a lightning strike to an aircraft-like structure. Electric field probes are used to analyze the field changes within and outside the aircraft. Additionally, the surface currents on the aircraft are analyzed. Simulations are developed to explore the impact of skin thickness on the level of penetration of electric field on the aircraft subsystems. The results suggests that design based on appropriate parameters for metal skin aircraft can reduce the likelihood of subsystem interference or catastrophic failure of aircraft electrical systems.
Donor Identity, Morality, and Nonprofit Organizations: Soliciting Donations and Recruiting Volunteers for the Red Cross, 1863–1919:

Recent literature has highlighted the central role that donor identity, the perception of oneself as a giving person, plays in fundraising. In this, nonprofit organizations develop strategies to en...
Weaker convergence criteria for Traub's method

Abstract The famous Traub's method for solving Banach space valued equations is revisited. Two techniques are developed to determine a subset of the original convergence domain. This way the new Lipschitz constants are at least as tight as the earlier ones leading to a finer convergence analysis in both the local as well as the semi-local convergence case. These techniques are very general, so they can be used to extend the applicability of other methods without additional hypotheses. Numerical experiments complete this study.
Training Spiking Neural Networks with Synaptic Plasticity under Integer Representation

Neuromorphic computing is emerging as a promising Beyond Moore computing paradigm that employs event-triggered computation and non-von Neumann hardware. Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a well-known bio-inspired learning rule that relies on activities of locally connected neurons to adjust the weights of their respective synapses. In this work, we analyze a basic STDP rule and its sensitivity on the different hyperparameters for training spiking neural networks (SNNs) with supervision, customized for a neuromorphic hardware implementation with integer weights. We compare the classification performance on four UCI datasets (iris, wine, breast cancer and digits) that depict varying levels of complexity. We perform a search for optimal set of hyperparameters using both grid search and Bayesian optimization. Through the use of Bayesian optimization, we show the general trends in hyperparameter sensitivity in SNN classification problem. With the best sets of hyperparameters, we achieve accuracies comparable to some of the best performing SNNs on these four datasets. With a highly optimized supervised STDP rule we show that these accuracies can be achieved with just 20 epochs of training.
Integrating Serious and Casual Game Design Approaches: A Framework for Activist-Casual Game Design

Casual games are a serious business, reaching a wide audience of players and generating billions of dollars in revenue, but serious games have struggled to find a market breakthrough. Considerable scholarly work has been published on principles for both serious game design and casual game design, but less research has been done on how to integrate these two approaches in order to realize the advantageous qualities of casual games in serious game projects. “Thinking casual” holds potential for making serious game projects both more feasible and more impactful. This paper introduces the term “activist-casual” to characterize a design framework based on the goals of conscientious design and confluences between serious and casual game design principles. The proposed activist-casual framework comprises ten hybrid principles, as well as five conceptual guardrails against the harmful tendencies of the commercial casual game industry. This approach could help activist designers overcome the challenge of limited development resources and create meaningfully impactful games.
The Origin of Life Based on Physical Principles

All the life forms known to us are completely dependent on organic and physical chemistry. Life depends on the chemistry of carbon compounds and on the laws concerning chemical reactions. Life depends on a temperature low enough to allow covalent bonds to form, with enzyme assistance, but generally not at a high enough temperature to break chemical bonds. Life depends on having an aqueous environment within cells where vital reactions can take place. Living machines function as isothermal engines that require the abstraction of available energy from the environment into special forms that a cell can use.
An Approach to the Analysis of Dynamic Processes in Economic Systems

We propose here a way of studying dynamic processes in economics which is less deterministic than the approach from ordinary differential equations; in this setting economic hypotheses have a more rational mathematical reflection.
Student Subcultures Reviewed and Revisited.

(1969). Student Subcultures Reviewed and Revisited. NASPA Journal: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 23-34.
Matching sets of features for efficient retrieval and recognition

In numerous domains it is useful to represent a single example by the collection of local features or parts that comprise it. In computer vision in particular, local image features are a powerful way to describe images of objects and scenes. Their stability under variable image conditions is critical for success in a wide range of recognition and retrieval applications. However, many conventional similarity measures and machine learning algorithms assume vector inputs. Comparing and learning from images represented by sets of local features is therefore challenging, since each set may vary in cardinality and its elements lack a meaningful ordering. In this thesis I present computationally efficient techniques to handle comparisons, learning, and indexing with examples represented by sets of features. The primary goal of this research is to design and demonstrate algorithms that can effectively accommodate this useful representation in a way that scales with both the representation size as well as the number of images available for indexing or learning. I introduce the pyramid match algorithm, which efficiently forms an implicit partial matching between two sets of feature vectors. The matching has a linear time complexity, naturally forms a Mercer kernel, and is robust to clutter or outlier features, a critical advantage for handling images with variable backgrounds, occlusions, and viewpoint changes. I provide bounds on the expected error relative to the optimal partial matching. For very large databases; even extremely efficient pairwise comparisons may not offer adequately responsive query times. I show how to perform sub-linear time retrievals under the matching measure with randomized hashing techniques, even when input sets have varying numbers of features. My results are focused on several important vision tasks, including applications to content-based image retrieval, discriminative classification for object recognition, kernel regression, and unsupervised learning of categories. I show how the dramatic increase in performance enables accurate and flexible image comparisons to be made on large-scale data sets, and removes the need to artificially limit the number of local descriptions used per image when learning visual categories.
Outside cell interference dynamics in cellular CDMA

We study via computer simulation the computation of the outside-cell interference factor f for cellular code-division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication systems. This factor is inversely proportional to system capacity, and so its computation is of great practical interest. To date, all studies have focused on the mean value of f, without regard to its extrema or temporal dynamics. We compute values of the extrema for several propagation path loss exponents and user velocities, and show that the maximum value of f can be many times its mean value, and f can change as rapidly as the mobile user Doppler spread.
Taint-exchange: a generic system for cross-process and cross-host taint tracking

Dynamic taint analysis (DTA) has been heavily used by security researchers for various tasks, including detecting unknown exploits, analyzing malware, preventing information leaks, and many more. Recently, it has been also utilized to track data across processes and hosts to shed light on the interaction of distributed components, but also for security purposes. This paper presents Taint-Exchange, a generic cross-process and cross-host taint tracking framework. Our goal is to provide researchers with a valuable tool for rapidly developing prototypes that utilize cross-host taint tracking. Taint-Exchange builds on the libdft open source data flow tracking framework for processes, so unlike previous work it does not require extensive maintenance and setup. It intercepts I/O related system calls to transparently multiplex fine-grained taint information into existing communication channels, like sockets and pipes. We evaluate Taint-Exchange using the popular lmbench suite, and show that it incurs only moderate overhead.
A Paean to Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

This article celebrates the accomplishments of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews from its early days to the present time. The importance of this journal in the professional lives of microbiologists is emphasized, and examples of outstanding reviews are presented.
Mediational and deviance theories of late high school failure: Process roles of structural strains, academic competence, and general versus specific problem behavior.

Understanding and preventing high school failure is a national priority. Structural strain and general deviance theories attempt to explain late high school failure. The authors tested the hypotheses that general (vs. specific) deviance and academic competence mediate the relationships between structural strain factors (gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status [SES]) and 12th-grade high school failure. Independent variables of structural strain and mediational variables of drug use, sexual involvement, school trouble, delinquency, and academic performance were assessed in a sample of 754 8th graders and used to predict 12th-grade high school dropout and number of missed months of school (reflecting a latent construct of High School Failure) in the 12th grade. High school failure was directly predicted by earlier General Deviance, poor Academic Competence, low Family SES, and tobacco use. All ethnic and gender differences in high school failure were mediated by deviance and academic ability or accounted for by Family SES discrepancies.
Predictive capabilities of the dislocation-network theory of Harper-Dorn creep

The dislocation-network theory of Harper-Dorn (H-D) creep is reformulated using a new equation for the kinetics of growth of individual dislocation links in the network. The new kinetic equation has no impact on the scaled differential equation derived previously, which predicts the distribution of link lengths. However, the new theory predicts slightly different behavior for the kinetics of static recovery and leads to a new equation for the strain rate, which is expressed in terms of parameters that can be evaluated independently. This equation is valid not only for steady-state H-D creep, but is also valid for primary creep, provided the instantaneous value of the dislocation density is known. Using data on the variation of dislocation density with time, calculated values of the creep rates for Al deformed in the H-D regime agree with experimentally measured values to within a factor of 2. Creep curves for Al are calculated with the same degree of accuracy. These calculations involve no adjustable parameters. Steady-state creep rates for many materials presumably deformed in the H-D creep regime are compared with the predictions of the new equation for the strain rate. The calculated values agree with experimentally measured data to within a factor of about 150, which compares well with the predictions of other equations proposed in the literature.
Choristoma of the optic nerve: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Optic nerve choristoma is a rare lesion composed of adipose tissue and smooth muscle involving the optic nerve. Few cases have been reported. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old woman presented with a history of slowly progressive visual loss in the left eye. On T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies, after frequency-selective fat saturation, an optic nerve mass was detected at the level of the optic canal with signal characteristics suggesting the diagnosis of optic nerve lipoma. INTERVENTION: At left frontotemporal craniotomy, the intracranial optic nerve appeared thin and atrophic proximally and was covered by abundant adipose tissue distally. Because no cleavage plane could be identified between the fatty lesion and the optic nerve, which appeared splayed within the adipose tissue, the nerve was resected after an intraoperative biopsy. The presence of two heterotopic mesodermal elements, a rim of adipose tissue admixed with bundles of mature smooth muscle, extending into the nerve septa, warranted a diagnosis of optic nerve choristoma. CONCLUSION: Optic nerve choristoma is an uncommon optic nerve lesion. Even if imaging studies are highly suggestive of the diagnosis, pathological confirmation is required because of the high adipose tissue content in the majority of cases. The lesion, most likely malformative and nonneoplastic in nature, can be the cause of progressive visual loss.
Do Higher Prices Signal Higher Quality

The author reports some empirical results on the strength of the quality-price relation. For many products, the relation between quality and price appears to be very weak; hence, for many products,...
Melanoma Early Detection with Thorough Skin Self-Examination: The “Check It Out” Randomized Trial

Background Monthly thorough skin self-examination (TSSE) is an important practice for early melanoma detection that is performed by a small minority of the population. Design A randomized trial was conducted to determine whether a multicomponent intervention can increase TSSE performance and to describe the effects on performance of skin surgeries compared with a similar control intervention focused on diet. Setting/Participants One thousand three hundred fifty-six patients attending a routine primary care visit in southeastern New England participated in this trial. Interventions Participants received instructional materials, including cues and aids, a video, and a brief counseling session and (at 3 weeks) a brief follow-up phone call (from a health educator) and tailored feedback letters. Measures Performance of TSSE assessed by telephone interview and having a surgical procedure performed on the skin were confirmed by examining medical records. Results TSSE was performed by substantially more participants at 2, 6, and 12 months in the intervention group than in the control group (55% vs 35%, p p =0.0005), but there was no difference at 6 to 12 months (3.9% vs 3.3%, p =0.5). Conclusions The TSSE intervention was effective in increasing performance of TSSE, in that it resulted in increased surgery on the skin, and that increase in skin procedures only persisted for 6 months. Intervention to increase TSSE may result in long-term benefit in early detection of melanoma while causing only a short-term excess of skin surgeries.
Mean Flow in Composite Porous Media

We develop probabilities and statistics for the parameters of Darcy flows through saturated porous media composed of units of different materials. Our probability model has two levels. On the local level, a porous medium is composed of disjoint, statistically homogeneous volumes (or blocks) each of which consists of a single type of material. On a larger scale, a porous medium is an arrangement of blocks whose extent and location are uncertain. Using this two-scaled model, we derive general formulae for the probability distribution of hydraulic conductivity and its mean; then we develop general perturbation expansions for mean head. We express distributions and parameters in terms of mixtures of locally homogeneous block densities weighted by large-scale block membership probabilities.
Pharmacological and genetic identification of serotonin receptor subtypes on Drosophila larval heart and aorta.

Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), plays various roles in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Previous studies have shown that 5-HT modulates the heart rate in third instar larvae. However, the receptor subtypes that mediate 5-HT action in larval cardiac tissue had yet to be determined. In this study, various 5-HT agonists and antagonists were employed to determine which 5-HT receptor subtypes are responsible for the positive chronotropic effect by 5-HT. The pharmacological results demonstrate that a 5-HT2B agonist significantly increases the heart rate; however, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT7 agonists do not have a significant effect on the heart rate. Furthermore, 5-HT2 antagonist, ketanserin, markedly reduces the positive chronotropic effect of 5-HT in a dose–response manner. Furthermore, we employed genetic approaches to confirm the pharmacological results. For this purpose, we used RNA interference line to knock down 5-HT2ADro and also used 5-HT2ADro and 5-HT2BDro insertional mutation lines. The results show that 5-HT2ADro or 5-HT2BDro receptor mutations reduce the response of the heart to 5-HT. Given these results, we conclude that these 5-HT2 receptor subtypes are involved in the action of 5-HT on the heart rate in the larval stage.
The effect of excess atomic volume on He bubble formation at fcc–bcc interfaces

Atomistic modeling shows that Cu–Nb and Cu–V interfaces contain high excess atomic volume due to constitutional vacancy concentrations of ∼5 at. % and ∼0.8 at. %., respectively. This finding is supported by experiments demonstrating that an approximately fivefold higher He concentration is required to observe He bubbles via through-focus transmission electron microscopy at Cu–Nb interfaces than in Cu–V interfaces. Interfaces with structures tailored to minimize precipitation and growth of He bubbles may be used to design damage-resistant composites for fusion reactors.
Techniques for estimation with incomplete assumptions

The subject of this paper is the sensitivity of regression estimates to the choice of prior distribution and the choice of sampling distribution. The prior is assumed to be normal with mean vector b* and covariance matrix V. The sampling distribution is assumed to be normal with covariance matrix ?. Families of values for b*, V and ? are selected, and the corresponding sets of posterior means are defined.
Photo Screening Around the World: Lions Club International Foundation Experience

Purpose: To describe the use of photoscreening for preschool vision screening in several diverse locations throughout the world. Methods: The MTI photo screener was used to screen pre-verbal childr...
In-plane polarization of GaN-based heterostructures with arbitrary crystal orientation

The total polarization fields of pseudomorphic InxGa1−xN/GaN and AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 have been calculated as a function of the crystal orientation. Especial attention is placed on the direction and magnitude of in-plane piezoelectric polarization, which is not negligible for the non-polar and semi-polar growth. For an arbitrary crystal orientation, the piezoelectric polarization prevails in the InGaN/GaN system while the spontaneous polarization prevails in the AlGaN/GaN system. The in-plane potential due to polarization fields in non-polar epilayers is found to depend on the degree of planarity of the heterojunctions, and on the respective lateral dimensions.
Oral surgery and the patient who has had radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.

Abstract Ionizing radiation for treatment of cancer in the head and neck area causes altered oral conditions which render teeth more vulnerable to decay and make oral surgery a procedure to be approached with caution. When radiation therapy is followed by radical neck dissection, the potential for complications increases because the blood supply from the external maxillary artery to the mucosa and periosteum is usually lost, and the healing process of an extraction site has to rely on collateral circulation from small vessels. We extracted 187 teeth from forty-seven previously irradiated patients during the past 4 years without precipitating a case of osteoradionecrosis. However, two cases of osteoradionecrosis developed when periodontally involved mandibular molars were removed just prior to radiation therapy.
Bond strength analysis of custom base variables in indirect bonding techniques.

Introduction: Various methods are used to prepare the cured composite-adhesive interface for orthodontic indirect bonding. The intent of this study was to determine the effect on the shear bond strength of the following variables: use of a filled flowable composite resin as an adhesive, light air-abrasion of the cured composite bracket pad, and wetting the cured composite bracket pad with an unfilled resin. Methods: The sample of 240 brackets was divided into 2 groups of 120 each. The first group was further divided into 4 groups of 30 each. Brackets were bonded to bovine incisors with a filled flowable composite resin (Filtek, 3M ESPE, St Paul Minn), but the bracket pads were prepared differently in the 4 groups: unfilled resin was applied (Orthosolo, Ormco, Glendora, Calif), the surface was air abraded, the surface was air abraded followed by application of an unfilled resin (Orthosolo), and a control group. A matching sample of 120 brackets was bonded without the flowable composite as an adhesive. The different bracket pad preparations were chosen to represent the various techniques clinicians use in indirect bonding. The shear bond strength was measured on a universal testing machine. Results: Two-way ANOVA analysis showed significant differences in the shear bond strength among the different surface preparations, but not between the use and nonuse of flowable composite. The Scheffe test showed that the mean shear bond strength of the air-abraded surface was significantly higher than all other surface preparations. Conclusions: Air abrading orthodontic bracket-pad composite surfaces in indirect bonding increased the shear bond strength, whereas the use of flowable composite did not affect bond strengths.
The Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction through Boson Exchange Medium Corrections

The boson-exchange interactions coming from n, CJ and w·exchange are discussed. It is shown how the medium dependent corrections lead to a decrease in CJ, p and w. effective masses with increasing density, and how this affects the electromagnetic form factor. Much of the "swelling" of nucleons in nuclei can be accounted for in this way.
Early puberty in girls.

Early puberty is not well defined in paediatric endocrinology. This chapter reviews the current insights on definitions, patient groups and treatment modalities in girls with early puberty. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence for a beneficial effect of gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment in auxological terms. A clinical approach is presented, including both auxological and psychological items. Further research is needed to answer the question of whether early puberty should be treated with GnRHa.
Free-free transitions in collisions between slow electrons and neutral oxygen atoms

The absorption coefficients for the free-free transitions in collisions between slow electrons and neutral oxygen atoms have been calculated for wavelengths in the range of 1 to 30 [mu]m and temperatures between 5000 and 50 000 K. The wave functions of the unbound electron are the solutions of a one-electron Schroedinger-like continuum equation that includes the Coulomb, exchange, and polarization interactions with the oxygen atom. The polarization potential is determined by a first-principles calculation based on the method of polarized orbitals. Our absorption coefficients are in good agreement with those of John and Williams [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 17, 169 (1977)], but are much smaller than the experimental data of Taylor and Caledonia [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 9, 681 (1969)] and of Kung and Chang [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 16, 579 (1976)].
Angiotensin II Ca2+ signaling in rat afferent arterioles: stimulation of cyclic ADP ribose and IP3 pathways

ANG II induces a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells via inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) activation and release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR...
Prevalence of infection in bilateral total hip arthroplasty: a comparison of single-stage 565 bilateral procedures performed with 1 or 2 sets of instruments.

Single-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty can be performed with a completely new sterile setup for the second side or with the same instruments for both sides. The latter could theoretically lead to a higher prevalence of infection in the second side. We retrospectively determined the prevalence of deep infection during the first postoperative year in 271 consecutive patients operated on with different sterile setups (group 1) and 289 patients operated on with the same setup (group 2). There was one deep infection affecting the first side of a patient in group 1. In group 2, there were no deep infections (P ∼ 1.0) and one developed a superficial infection on the second side requiring readmission and intravenous antibiotics. Given the very low prevalence of deep infection of the first and second side (0.2% and 0%, respectively), it would be necessary to analyze more than 2300 patients in each group to achieve statistical significance. Based on this experience, the use of the same set of instruments for the second side in the operating conditions described in this study appears safe.
Screen printing: a technology for the batch fabrication of integrated chemical-sensor arrays

Abstract The commercialization of integrated chemical sensor has been slowed by the difficulty of device encapsulation and membrane application. For reasons of both cost and reproducibility, the sensor-specific structures should be mass fabricated, as are the microelectronics. The challenge lies in merging the standard semiconductor process sequence with the non-standard steps used to form the transducers. We demonstrate that screen printing can be used to partition the fabrication into two distinct sequences, semiconductor processing and sensor-specific steps. This simplifies process development and evolution, and makes semiconductor foundry services available for manufacturing sensors. After conventional semiconductor processing, our wafers have silver epoxy contacts screen printed on the aluminum sensor pads; the silver forms a stable chemical interface to the membranes, and the epoxy makes a strong physical bond to them. Next, the polymeric membranes are applied and patterned with screen printing. Membranes of different compositions can be deposited on the various sites of a multisensor chip by simply repeating the screen print/cure cycle. We show that the electrochemical performance of mass-fabricated passive and active sensor arrays is comparable to that of conventional liquid-junction ion-selective electrodes.
A continuous approximation model for time definite many-to-many transportation

Time definite freight transportation carriers provide very reliable scheduled services between origin and destination terminals. They seek to reduce transportation costs through consolidation of shipments at hubs, but are restricted by the high levels of service to provide less circuitous routings. This paper develops a continuous approximation model for time definite transportation from many origins to many destinations. We consider a transportation carrier serving a fixed geographic region in which demand is modeled as a continuous distribution and time definite service levels are imposed by limiting the maximum travel distance via the hub network. Analytical expressions are developed for the optimal number of hubs, hub locations, and transportation costs. Computational results for an analogous discrete demand model are presented to illustrate the behavior observed with the continuous approximation models.
The brittle compressive failure of fresh-water columnar ice under biaxial loading

Abstract The brittle compressive failure of fresh-water, columnar ice was investigated under biaxial loading at a strain rate of ϵ = 10⇔2s−1 at temperatures of −10 and −40°C. Tests were performed through proportional loading over the range 0 ⩽R Rt. The failure envelope at both temperatures resembles a truncated Coulomb envelope. Under along-column confinement (type-B) neither the failure stress nor the failure mode depends upon the confining stress. High-speed photography and thin-section examinations revealed that wing cracking and localized fragmentation are important elements in the failure process. The observations ae explained in terms of two failure mechanisms; viz. frictional crack sliding and contact tensile fractures.
A Tale of Two Institutions: The United Nations Security Council and the International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a judicial body that has been created as a politically independent judicial institution to prosecute the most serious international crimes. However, the political independence of the Court has been questioned considerably in the past decade because of the relationship between the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), which has the power to refer or defer situations to the Court, and the ICC. In this work, I argue that in analyzing the relationship between the UNSC and ICC it is evident that clashing political and judicial interests have done a disservice to the implementation of international justice. I will focus on the two instances of referrals so far approved by the UNSC and highlight some of the political aspects that seem to be hindering and delaying, in spite of international pressures for UNSC attention, a referral of the situation in Syria.
Semantic relations used by normal and language-impaired children at stage I.

Two-word utterances of four language-impaired children at Brown’s Stage I level of linguistic development were compared with two-word utterances of four young normal children at the same linguistic...
Corticospinal-specific HCN expression in mouse motor cortex: Ih-dependent synaptic integration as a candidate microcircuit mechanism involved in motor control

Motor cortex is a key brain center involved in motor control in rodents and other mammals, but specific intracortical mechanisms at the microcircuit level are largely unknown. Neuronal expression o...
Human male mating strategies: I. Courtship tactics of the “quality” and “quantity” alternatives

Abstract Human males may adopt the "quality" strategy, a long-term pair bond with considerable paternal investment, or the "quantity" reproductive strategy, short-term pair bonds with little paternal investment. We hypothesized that (1) the two strategies require different courtship tactics, which can be derived from their different goals, and (2) the behavior used by quality courters is perceived as honest while the quantity strategist is often exploitative. Act nominations of 79 subjects and the investigators generated a set of 71 dating behaviors. Sixty-four other subjects classified each behavior by the theoretically derived tactics. Fifty-four males rated the likelihood of usage of each behavior by a man interested in marriage (quality courter) and by men interested in sexual relationships (quantity courters) who typically deceive, manipulate, or coerce women. Fifty-three other males rated each behavior on ethical scales of honesty, deception, manipulation, and coercion. Both kinds of ratings indicated that (1) tactics of quality courtship involve honest advertisement through mutual assessment, resource expenditure, and a delay in sexual relations, and (2) tactics of quantity courtship involve indirect or direct threats, psychological pressure, and talking about sex. Ethical ratings and the range of behaviors likely to be used by quality and quantity courters confirmed the hypothesis about ethical perceptions of the two strategies and suggested that quantity courters are opportunistic as well as exploitative.
Defect enhancement of local electric fields in dielectric films

Different film deposition techniques have been found to generate distinct grain morphologies and defect distributions, which can result in a wide distribution of local field intensities. We have developed a lattice element model of an inhomogeneous medium, which we use to selfconsistently determine the local internal electric field and polarization. We use this method to show the sensitivity of the polarization to defect shape. The results of this method predict the local field to have a large range of values within the film and have been used to identify regions where the local field is a maximum.
Arms, mediation and ethno‐political disputes

Among the conflicts around the world today, many are being fought within states. These include conflicts between governments and ethnopolitical groups— such as the Iranian, Iraqi, and Turkish battles with Kurdish minorities, and conflicts between various groups within a nation—such as in Kenya. Arms figure predominantly in many of these situations. And even relatively primitive arms (such as machetes) can cause great destruction, as we've seen in Rwanda and Sudan.
Strategies for creating and capturing value in the emerging ecosystem economy

Purpose – This article identifies a new transactional system–the business ecosystem. It describes the characteristics and drivers of these complex webs of interdependent enterprises and other participants which create unique value through synergistic relationships. Design/methodology/approach – The article explains how innovative organizations can seek new opportunities and develop new competencies in business ecosystems they will explicitly create or participate in. Findings – Ecosystems provide stimulus for, and a path to organizational and industry transformation – connecting people and organizations in new and different ways, and providing access to skills and expertise often unavailable outside the ecosystem. Practical implications – The authors have identified a spectrum of ecosystem archetypes that they call the Shark Tank, the Hornet’s Nest, the Wolf Pack and the Lion’s Pride. They analyze the success strategies for each. Originality/value – This article methodically diagrams the strategies for su...
Usefulness of Venous Blood in Estimating Acid‐Base Status of the Seriously III Dog

Summary The usefulness of venous blood in determining the acid-base status of seriously ill animals has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a useful relationship exists between the acid-base parameters of central venous and arterial blood in ill dogs. Paired arterial and venous blood samples were obtained from 46 dogs seen in the Critical Care Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Colorado State University irregardless of their hemodynamic status. Cardiopulmonary arrest patients were not included in the study. Results of this study indicate venous blood samples can be used in the assessment of acid-base status. Statistical significance was seen in comparing arterial versus venous pH (P < 0.001), PCO2 (P < 0.001), and bicarbonate (P < 0.001). Linear regression equations will allow one to predict arterial values from venous samples.
Effect of lubricants and a vaginal spermicide gel on the detection of prostate specific antigen, a biomarker of semen exposure, using a quantitative (Abbott ARCHITECT) assay

Objectives Little is known about the effects of commonly used lubricants on detection of biomarkers of semen exposure. We investigated the in vitro effect of Gynol®, K-Y Jelly®, Replens®, Astroglide®, Carbopol, and Silicorel on quantitative detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA).
The coming of age of military nursing research.

An Institute of Medicine (IOM) committee recently reviewed the TriService Nursing Research Program. In its report, The Program for Research in Military Nursing: Progress and Future Direction , the IOM committee supported the continuation of the program and made recommendations for improving it. The committee emphasized the importance of developing and supporting programs of research, establishing an environment of scientific excellence, determining areas for future research funding, and allocating resources for program infrastructure, management, and functions. This article expands that theme. It begins with an historical perspective; addresses challenges facing military nurse researchers and the role of programs of military nursing research; and offers a series of conclusions for leadership necessary to establish an environment of scientific excellence.
Nonlinear filtering of an interactive multiple model with small observation noise: numerical methods ∗

We study the nonlinear filtering of a discrete-time hybrid stochastic system with small observation noise; here, the system dynamics (target tracking) is coupled with a finite state unknown parameter process (target maneuvers). To estimate the state of the unknown process, a fixed sample size and a sequential type statistical tests in terms of quadratic variation are used. Such an estimate is in turn used to construct nonlinear filters that are shown to be asymptotically optimal as the observation noise goes to zero. We also discuss the related numerical issues and present the corresponding numerical experiments. In particular we show that our QVT algorithm performs better than the popular IMM algorithm in the standard case where the switchings (maneuvers) are not too frequent. We show that if the switching is completely observable, then the extended Kalman filter becomes a special case of our filter; we similarly recover the Picard filter also
Unusual findings in serpiginous choroiditis.

Retinal pigment epithelial detachment and optic disk neovascularization developed in two men, 51 and 49 years old, who had serpiginous choroiditis. Fluorescein angiograms demonstrated loss of pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris in the late stages in both cases. Both men sustained permanent visual loss. In one case the final visual acuity of the affected eye was 20/200. In the second case the final visual acuity was R.E.: counting fingers at 4 feet and L.E.: 20/70.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in infants and pre-school children

The pharmacokinetic properties of amikacin sulfate in infants and children aged from three weeks to 6 years were studied during treatment with doses of 7.5 mg/kg every 12 hours using standard assay methods and technique of two compartment open model kinetic analysis. Peak serum concentrations of amikacin were measured 30 or 60 min after the first intramuscular injection. These ranged from 11.8 microgram/ml to 23 microgram/ml in infants and from 9.0 microgram/ml to 29 microgram/ml in children. Five minutes after the first intravenous bolous injection they varied from 16 microgram/ml to 29.8 microgram/ml in infants and from 34 microgram/ml to 42 microgram/ml in children. Twelve hours after injection serum concentrations were less than 0.8 microgram/ml in all patients. Mean serum half-lives of amikacin in infants and children were 2.1 hours and 2.0 hours after intramuscular, and 2.2 and 2.0 hours after intravenous administration respectively. No evidence of accumulation was observed after four days treatment. The amount of antibiotic recovered within 12 hours from the urine in all patients ranged from 34.5 to 65% of an intramuscular dose, and from 45.8 to 63.3% of an intravenous dose. The dosage regime of 7.5 mg/kg body weight given every 12 hours should be safe and effective for the treatment of infections in the age groups studied.
Serious toys II: teaching networks, protocols, and algorithms

Networking concepts have been in use for centuries. The human body is a network of organs that must coordinate to survive. The postal service is an example of a network that connects individuals world-wide. It is only natural that networks play an important role in computing --- from networks of sensors collecting and recording data, to social networks, to the most complex network of all, the Internet. Observing the importance of networking concepts in computing, we have developed the second in a series of "serious toys" to use in the K-12 curriculum. In this case, the toy is an embedded hardware device designed to enhance a lecture titled "Learning Networks, Protocols, and Algorithms", by engaging visual and kinesthetic learners. In this paper, we describe our curriculum module and its use in an outreach program involving six middle school classes. We conclude with a summary of evaluation results that show the program produced positive results in terms of content understanding and attitudes toward Computer Science.
PW01-140 - Three levels of rater performance in standardized PANSS training

Objectives The importance of rater training for reliability and validity in clinical trials is well documented. In this study the authors examined data from several large training events that used standardized training procedures and raters with similar levels of education and experience to determine if there were any differences between rater performance at baseline (before training) and endpoint (after training) that emerge independent of these factors. Methods Results from multiple training events held internationally were analyzed to determine if differences between baseline and endpoint scores were significant. Raters scored videotaped interviews of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results Three subgroups of raters emerge based on concordance with gold-standard ratings: raters that score high at baseline and endpoint; raters that score fair at baseline and good at endpoint; raters that do not appear to improve. For the stronger initial raters that continued to perform well after training there was a less substantial change (t(96)=2.953, p Conclusion Within training groups there appear to be three groups of raters that emerge independently of rater qualification and training received: those that performed well initially and well at endpoint; another group that performed marginally at the beginning of training and showed improvement by the end; and a third group that did not improve as a result of training. Analysis of ICCs suggests targeted training for individuals that perform less well at baseline could be beneficial.
Hepatitis B Virus: Inappropriate Reactions to Transmission Risks

Ten patients designated as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBAg) carriers were screened for inappropriate reactions to their disease. Assessment with a 32-item questionnaire showed three carriers to have underreacted to the risks of HBAg transmission through misunderstandings or denial concerning the disease. One carrier, through severe social withdrawal, showed overreaction to the possibilities of disease transmission. Counseling was provided regarding the risks of HBAg transmission. At a one-month followup, all carriers appeared appropriately aware of the risks of transmission, and one of two carriers referred for psychotherapy showed greatly improved social adjustment. We recommend that persons treating HBAg carriers screen routinely for inappropriate reactions to risks of disease transmission and provide counseling as needed. ( JAMA 241:585-587, 1979)