cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphemic harmony as featural correspondence

This paper presents a classification of vowel harmony, separating prototypical phonological harmony from morphemic harmony, which is triggered by the presence of particular morphemes. Morphemic harmony is driven by featural correspondence constraints requiring the realization of a feature across an output domain; phonological harmony is driven by markedness constraints requiring featural identity across an output domain. Morphemic harmony must always impose a fixed featural value on the form, which cannot be accounted for using approaches to phonological harmony. Phonological harmony cannot be incorporated into an analysis of morphemic harmony because morphemic harmony is represented only in terms of triggers, while exceptions to phonological harmony are generally represented in terms of targets. Typological predictions to the correspondence approach to morphemic harmony are also explored, including gapped representations, edge-only effects, and the variability of the realization of multiple features in morphemic harmony. Extensions of the present proposal are provided, illustrating that general featural affixation can be accounted for with morpheme-feature correspondence. Alternatives are also discussed.
Personal network characteristics as antecedents to needle-sharing and shooting gallery attendance

Abstract Sharing of contaminated needles is one of the primary modes of HIV transmission in the US. This study sought to examine social contextual factors antecedent to needle-sharing in a sample of inner-city drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Drug users' social context was assessed through an analysis of individual's personal networks. The sample, 330 individuals participating in an HIV-prevention study, were interviewed twice, an average of 5.2 months apart. An examination of the association between personal network characteristics at baseline and needle-sharing at follow-up revealed that higher total personal network density and larger drug network size were positively associated with reports of sharing needles. Attending shooting galleries was positively associated with size of positive feedback network, and negatively associated with size of material aid network. These data suggest that needle-sharing and injecting in shooting galleries is influenced by ecological and resource factors. The findings indicate the potential utility of network-oriented strategies for reducing needle-sharing among injecting drug users.
Cellular overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 up-regulates p21 and confers resistance to apoptosis

Cellular overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 up-regulates p21 and confers resistance to apoptosis. Background Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects against diverse insults in the kidney and other tissues. We examined the effect of overexpression of HO-1 on cell growth, expression of p21, and susceptibility to apoptosis. Methods LLC-PK1 cells were genetically engineered to exhibit stable overexpression of HO-1. The effects of such overexpression on cell growth, the cell cycle, and the cell cycle-inhibitory protein, p21, were assessed; additionally, the susceptibility of these HO-1 overexpressing cells to apoptosis induced by three different stimuli (TNF-α/cycloheximide, staurosporine, or serum deprivation) was evaluated by such methods as the quantitation of caspase-3 activity, phase contrast microscopy, and the TUNEL method. Results HO-1 overexpressing LLC-PK1 cells demonstrated cellular hypertrophy, decreased hyperplastic growth, and growth arrest in the G 0 /G 1 phase of the cell cycle. HO-1 overexpressing cells were markedly resistant to apoptosis induced by TNFα/cycloheximide or staurosporine as assessed by the caspase-3 activity assay. Such overexpression also conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by serum deprivation as evaluated by the TUNEL method; in these studies, inhibition of HO attenuated the resistance to apoptosis. Expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 CIP1, WAF1, SDI1 , as judged by Northern and Western analyses, was significantly increased in HO-1 overexpressing cells, and decreased as HO activity was inhibited. Moreover, this reduction in expression of p21 attendant upon the inhibition of HO activity in HO-1 overexpressing cells paralleled the loss of resistance of these cells to apoptosis when HO activity is inhibited. The pharmacologic inducer of HO-1, hemin, increased expression of p21 in wild-type cells and decreased apoptosis provoked by TNF-α/cycloheximide. Conclusion Cellular overexpression of HO-1 up-regulates p21, diminishes proliferative cell growth, and confers marked resistance to apoptosis. We speculate that such up-regulation of p21 contributes to the altered pattern of cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. Our studies uncover the capacity of HO-1 to markedly influence the cell cycle in renal epithelial cells. In light of the profound importance of the cell cycle as a determinant of cell fate, we speculate that the inductive effect of HO-1 on p21 and the attendant inhibitory effect on the cell cycle provide a hitherto unsuspected mechanism underlying the cytoprotective actions of HO-1.
Demineralization and microstructure of carbonado

Abstract The objectives of this study were to characterize the mineral phases, the diamond phase and the pore structure in the rare polycrystalline form of natural diamond, carbonado, and to determine whether the inorganic mineral content could be extracted by leaching treatments, without degrading the diamond matrix. The carbonado samples evaluated were found to contain more than two dozen impurity elements, in total concentrations varying from about 1.5 to 5 wt.%, not including oxygen. In addition to oxygen, the most abundant were sodium, potassium, calcium, strontium, barium, lead, aluminum, iron, lanthanum, cerium, yttrium, silicon, titanium, zirconium and phosphorus. Extraction of the mineral phases was accomplished by a sequential three-step leaching procedure, beginning with HClO4 to remove all elements except potassium and silicon, followed by H2O to remove potassium, and finishing with HF solution to remove silicon. The leaching rate is sample size dependent and appears to be diffusion limited. Imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of fractured surfaces, comparing leached and unleached carbonado samples, showed that the minerals are contained in partially filled interconnected pores and channels and that these minerals are removed by the leaching treatment. SEM evaluation of the pure diamond phase remaining after leaching showed no evidence of foreign phases within the diamond grains or at grain boundaries. The low temperature stability of the minerals detected in the interconnecting void and channel structure suggest that these minerals were formed by a natural infiltration process after the initial formation of carbonado at elevated temperatures and pressures in the Earth.
Identification of Triton X-100 Insoluble Membrane Domains in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae LIPID REQUIREMENTS FOR TARGETING OF HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN SUBUNITS

Low density Triton X-100 insoluble (LDTI) membrane domains are found in most mammalian cell types. Previous biochemical and immunolocalization studies have revealed the presence of G-protein coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G-protein subunits (Gα and Gβγ subunits) within these structures, implicating mammalian LDTI membrane domains in G-protein coupled signaling. Here, we present biochemical evidence that similar LDTI structures exist in a genetically tractable organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast LDTI membranes were purified based on the known biochemical properties of mammalian LDTI membranes: (i) their Triton X-100 insolubility; and (ii) their discrete buoyant density in sucrose gradients. As with purified mammalian LDTI membranes, these yeast LDTI membranes harbor the subunits of the heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gα and Gβγ subunits). Other plasma membrane marker proteins (the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and a GPI-linked protein Gas1p) are preferentially excluded from these purified fractions. Mutational and genetic analyses were performed to define the requirements for the targeting of G-protein subunits to these yeast membrane domains. We find that the targeting of Gα is independent of myristoylation, whereas targeting of Gγ requires prenylation. Perhaps surprisingly, the targeting of Gβ to this membrane domain did not require coexpression of Gγ. It should now be possible to dissect the function of LDTI membrane domains using yeast as a model genetic system.
An Introduction to Robust Mechanism Design

Introduction. Leading Example: Allocating a Private Good with Interdependent Values. Type Spaces. Robust Foundations for Dominant and Ex Post Incentive Compatibility. Full Implementation. Open Issues. References
A physiochemical characterization of allergenic pollen-held proteins

Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography were used in the characterization of protein and free amino acid extracts from ten woody trees, herbaceous weeds, and grass species: pine, ash, elm, sycamore and willow (woody trees); chenopod, ragweed and sorrel (herbaceous weeds); and johnson and rye (grasses). There is a positive correlation between atmospheric pollen grains as well as the pollen wall proteins and free amino acids for allergic potentiality. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of acidic proteins demonstrated the heterogeneous nature of the pollen and illustrated systematic differences in protein extracts. Systematic differences were also found between woody and herbaceous plants. Phylogenetic linkages were reflected in the amino acid content of johnson and rye grasses.
The Demand for M1 in a Large Macroeconomic System: Evidence from Cointegration Analysis

Abstract Most cointegration analyses in the literature fail to find support for a simple money demand (M1) relationship. The typical reasons for this lack of support are excessive multicollinearity, misspecification and a general breakdown of the money market. We imbed the money market in a system containing markets for consumption, investment and imports. The gains in efficiency and reduced bias from this full system approach results in a substantial improvement in the performance of the money market. We also find that Federal ReserveAEs targeting of aggregate reserves can lead to disequilibrium in the money market.
Structure studies on styrene-treated immunoglobulin crystals.

DOB immunoglobulin crystals ordinarily are highly radiation sensitive and give a limited X-ray diffraction pattern to about 6 A resolution, thereby preventing structure analysis at high resolution. Crystals grown in the presence of monomers of styrene last very much longer in the X-ray beam and give a diffraction pattern extending to about 4 A resolution. This paper describes the experimental conditions we have used for obtaining optimum results. A difference electron density map calculated between the treated and untreated crystals shows no significant features indicating that styrene treatment does not cause any major conformational change in the protein. It is also possible to prepare heavy-atom derivatives with styrene-treated crystals as seen from a difference Patterson map in the case of a mercury derivative. We speculate that monomers of styrene trapped in the crystal lattice are polymerized by the X-rays and reduce the molecular motion and scavenge the free radicals formed in the crystal lattice.
Effects of Auditory and Written-Visual Stimulus on Learning and Retention

With the increased use of technology in education, the use of media dissemination devices such as video tape players, film strip projectors, tape recorders, etc., are often employed by the teacher in the presentation of information. The purpose of this study was to compare the learning of one particular lesson by use of the audio medium versus the printed medium. Seventy-five second grade children were pretested, presented with one of the two learning stimuli, and posttested twice to determine differential learning and/or retention. Statistical analysis was performed on the entire sample and subdivided by sex and socio-economic level. Significant indications were obtained that the auditory stimulus was superior to the written stimulus in a learning situation.
Autointerference in Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus of Salmonid Fish

SummaryWhen serial passage of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was carried out in cultures of a salmon cell line, using undiluted virus inoculum at each transfer, the resulting yield of infectious virus was very significantly lower than in parallel cultures prepared with dilute virus inoculum. Under these conditions of autointerference, the morphology of the progeny virions was altered. Three types were observed, with mean lengths of 188, 118, and 81 nm respectively. Roughly 80% fell into the two shorter categories. When a dilute virus inoculum was used, almost all progeny virions belonged to the class with a mean length of 188 nm.
Opinions of professional buyers toward a new, alternative red meat: ostrich

Professional meat buyers are surveyed to estimate their current and past use of ostrich meat and their preferences for different ostrich meat products. Conjoint analysis is used to estimate the most preferred ostrich meat products for the retail and restaurant sectors, as well as the relative importance of attributes considered in the decision to purchase ostrich meat. Results indicate that buyers have very limited knowledge of ostrich meat. The preferred product in both the restaurant and retail markets is a branded, 6-oz. ostrich filet at the lowest price. Price is the most important factor determining retail and restaurant managers' decisions on the acceptability of the product. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rapid Growth in NICs in Asia: Tests of New Growth Theory for Korea

This paper has attempted to empirically estimate the impact of some of the key factors behind the phenomenal growth of Korea in recent years in the light of new growth theory, which has developed over the last six years. Three major tenets of the new growth theory are empirically tested against the Korean experience: (1) externality effects of openness on growth, (2) significant increasing returns to scale, and (3) the spillover effects of human capital on intersectoral productivity. The empirical evidence, in spite of its limitations, fails to reject any of the three major tenets of the new growth theory. Copyright 1991 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG
Age-related sparing of parafoveal lexical processing.

Background/Study Context: This study examined the role of increased adult age in the processing of lexical information presented in foveal and parafoveal areas of the retina (right and left visual fields). Previous research has shown that older adults are able to compensate for age-related changes though a highly practiced skill (Salthouse, 1984, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 345–371). The authors examined if older adults would show a lexical-only parafoveal benefit. Methods: Two experiments were conducted on both younger and older adults. In Experiment 1, participants completed a lexical decision task that presented words in the fovea and parafovea in both visual fields. In Experiment 2, the task was a font discrimination task (nonlexical) with foveal and parafoveal presentation in both visual fields. Results: In Experiment 1, the authors observed word frequency effects for both foveal and right parafoveal presentation locations. This effect was present for both older and younger adul...
Prospective payment: a simulation model of management strategies

A simulation model developed to evaluate the financial effects of different management policies to face Medicare's Prospective Payment System is presented. This payment system, enacted by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA) of 1982, limits Medicare's reimbursement per patient to a fixed amount depending on the patient's particular type of disease. The reimbursement is based on a set of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs), which categorizes patients into disease classifications. As a result, hospitals must make efficiency gains and managers must look for new ways to provide quality care while containing cost. SLAM was the simulation language of choice. The network and discrete event portions are described in detail. The approach used to select specific DRGs for the analysis, as well as the statistical models used, preparation of input data, simulation routines and results of two runs are presented to illustrate how policies are simulated and results interpreted.
Stability of adaptive behaviors in middle-school children with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract This 5-year follow-up study examined the stability of adaptive functioning in two cognitive ability groups of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) was assessed at the time of this study and no participant changed cognitive group membership from the previous study (High NVIQ ≥ 97; Low NVIQ ≤ 56). In each group, adaptive skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) composite standard score, were significantly below NVIQ. Both groups exhibited a significant decrease in the VABS composite standard scores over time, but analysis of VABS total raw scores showed a significant increase in adaptive functioning over time in the High NVIQ group with no change in the Low NVIQ group. Examining the profile of VABS age equivalent scores in each NVIQ group revealed potential suggestions for interventionists. Caregivers of the Low NVIQ group endorsed having significantly higher stress levels related to their child's level of adaptive functioning. Groups did not differ significantly in the quantity of treatment received within the 9 months preceding this study or caregiver satisfaction with intervention services. Caregivers from both groups identified a variety of school-based service needs to address their child's adaptive skill deficits.
Sex differences in neuroadaptation to alcohol and withdrawal neurotoxicity.

Recent work suggests that sex differences exist with regard to both the nature of neuroadaptation to alcohol during the development of dependence, and possibly, the neurodegenerative consequences of alcohol dependence. Volumetric studies in human samples show that females may demonstrate increased volumetric brain loss with equal or lesser dependence histories than males. Furthermore, animal studies demonstrate sex differences in glutamatergic, GABAergic, and adenosinergic receptor signaling and endocrine responses following prolonged alcohol exposure. These differences may influence the development of dependence, neuronal function, and viability, particularly during alcohol withdrawal. The present review discusses the current state of knowledge in this regard. It is concluded that there exists a clear need for a more extensive examination of potential sex differences in neurodegenerative consequences of alcohol dependence in men and women, particularly with regard to the role that alterations in amino acid signaling and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function may play. Furthermore, we note the need for expanded examination of the unique role that alcohol withdrawal-associated neuronal activity may have in the development of dependence-associated neurotoxicity.
On the A-optimality of block designs

Abstract In this paper we consider the problem of determining optimal block designs in experimental situations where υ treatments are to be compared using b blocks of size k where k = υ − 1 or υ + 1. It is shown tzhat certain block designs obtained by adding blocks to balanced block designs having k = υ − 1 or υ + 1 are A-optimal within their respective classes of designs.
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC): Social and environmental issues

Abstract OTEC converts the solar energy, collected and stored in tropical waters, into electricity. The electricity may be either cabled to shore or used in situ for the manufacture of energyintensive products. Two countries, U.S.A. and Japan, are seriously pursuing OTEC. The development programs in both countries are similar. Presently, the emphasis is on the closed Rankine cycle with ammonia as the working fluid. The power plants are to be housed on floating platforms. If the electricity is to be cabled to shore, the platforms will be moored to the ocean floor. If the plants are to produce chemical products, they will graze from one location to another on the open sea to capture the largest available thermal resource. Technical feasibility of OTEC appears certain. In the near term, OTEC can be economical for U.S. islands, which depend on imported oil for power generation. OTEC can enter the U.S. mainland market in the Southeast if projected capital cost for large plants is realized and high voltage, underwater d.c. transmission is developed beyond current state of the art. The islands market amounts to 8 GW and the U.S. market is estimated to be much larger. Penetration of the island market can begin in the early 1990s and of the mainland market after the year 2000. A potential impediment to OTEC's accelerated deployment is capital. Although there are numerous important environmental and institutional questions, they are secondary to the economic and cost issues. This paper addresses the economic, social and environmental issues pertinent to the commercialization of OTEC. The a priori assumptions are that technical problems can be solved and that in certain locations. OTEC can be competitive with conventional base-load power systems.
Use of a Modified Elmslie-Trillat Procedure to Improve Abnormal Patellar Congruence Angle

Forty patients underwent 45 modified Elmslie-Trillat realignment procedures (mean followup, 2 years) for refractory patellar instability (34 knees) or painful patellofemoral syndrome with malalignment (11 knees). The postoperative congruence angle (mean, +3.4 degrees) was significantly improved compared with the preoperative value (mean, +21.5 degrees). We considered the "normal" congruence angle average as -8 degrees (range, -20 degrees to +4 degrees). Over time postoperatively, we detected no statistical difference in the congruence angle (5 months, 3.4 degrees; 24 months, 6.3 degrees). There were no patellar dislocations postoperatively. Nine knees (20%) had some postoperative subluxation. Ninety-four percent of the patients without subluxation had congruence angles less than 15 degrees, whereas 54% of patients with postoperative subluxation had postoperative congruence angles greater than 15 degrees. The evidence in this study population indicates that the modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure can predictably improve the patellar congruence angle. Adequate correction may eliminate patellar dislocation. Correction of the congruence angle to less than +15 degrees will result in a decreased incidence of postoperative patellar instability. Early full activity postoperatively did not affect the modified Elmslie-Trillat correction of the congruence angle being maintained over time.
Experimental Evaluation of Shaped Inputs to Reduce Vibration for a Cartesian Robot

Since all robots have some inherent flexibility, fast motions tend to excite system vibrations. This paper develops shaped inputs that generate fast motions with minimum residual vibration. Shaped force inputs are constructed from a versine series, with coefficients of the harmonic terms chosen to maximize kinetic energy and minimize excitation energy at the system natural frequencies. These force inputs are doubly integrated to obtain position waveforms that serve as reference profiles for a closed-loop controller. A Cartesian robot is used as an experimental system to test these shaped reference inputs and to compare their responses to simple step responses. Results indicate considerable reduction in residual vibration with the shaped inputs. This is especially useful when modal coupling exists, since vibration in other axes can be prevented by driving the moving axis with shaped inputs having no excitation energy at the coupled mode frequencies.
Managed Care and the Poor

While the momentum for health care reform stems from the concerns of the middle class rather than the poor, we should recognize that managed care—at least as an ideal—can still represent an improvement over the fee-for-service system. For the reality of managed care to approach its promise for underserved communities, issues surrounding cost-sharing, preventive health, traditional providers for the poor, and premium adjustment must be resolved.
Trace and Dilatation Anomalies in Gauge Theories

The form of the anomaly in the trace of the energy-momentum tensor in a general theory of interacting fermions and non-Abelian gauge bosons is dervied. The result is shown to involve precisely those gaugevariant operatos which are known to mix with the naive trace under renormalization. The trace is shown to be soft on the mass shell if and only if the theory is at an eigenvalue of the Callan-Symanzik $\ensuremath{\beta}$ function. The dilatation anomaly in the matrix element of $\ensuremath{\theta}_{}^{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{}^{}$ with two electromagnetic currents (to lowest order in electromagnetism, but including all orders of the strong gauge interaction) is derived and shown to be infinitely renormalized in finite orders of strong perturbation theory. This anomaly is then shown to be canonical and given precisely by the lowest-order result provided the strong interactions are summed to all orders before going to the limit of physical space-time dimensions.
A 60GHz direct-conversion CMOS receiver

A direct-conversion receiver incorporates folded microstrip lines to create resonance at 60GHz in a common-gate LNA and active mixers. Realized in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, it provides a voltage gain of 28dB with 12.5dB NF while consuming 9mW from a 1.2V supply.
Temporal profile of microglial response following transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion

We measured the time-dependent morphological changes of microglial cells reacting to ischemic cell damage after transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat by means of lectin histochemistry with the B4-isolectin from Griffonia simplicifolia as well as immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies directed against monocyte/microphage (ED1) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (OX-6) antigens. As early as 1 h after onset of reperfusion, microglia were absent in the severely neuronal damaged preoptic area. However, ameboid-like microglia were evident in an adjacent area containing scattered shrunken neurons. Rod, round and ameboid-like microglia were present in the ischemic lesion between 2 to 10 h of reperfusion. Round and ameboid cells became predominant in the ischemic core lesion and were mingled with highly ramified microglia to the boundary at 22 h of reperfusion. Highly ramified microglia were found in an adjacent area containing morphologically intact neurons. Round and ameboid cells were localized to the inner boundary of the ischemic lesion surrounding the infarct zone at 46 of reperfusion. Round and ameboid cells were present throughout the entire ischemic lesion in the infarct zone from 70-166 h of reperfusion. A marked increase in number and in intensity of highly ramified microglial cells were present in the outer boundary of the lesion during this period. In addition, a significant increase in both ED1- and OX-6-immunoreactive cells in the ischemic region was detected after 10 h of reperfusion and persisted up to 166 h of reperfusion. These data demonstrate that microglia exhibit a time dependent change in morphology after reperfusion and that the severity of injury may be reflected in the state of microglial activation.
Delayed macular choriocapillary circulation in age-related macular degeneration

Purpose. To investigate the macular choriocapillary circulation (MCC) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and to correlate these findings with the associated clinical and angiographic drusen characteristics. Methods. Scanning laser ophthalmoscope fluorescein videoangiography was performed on 34 eyes with age-related macular degeneration and eight age-matched normal volunteers. Drusen characteristics were assessed using the Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading scale. Results. A delayed macular choriocapillary circulation (DMCC) was defined as a macular choriocapillary filling time greater than 3 standard deviations from the normal mean (greater than 5 seconds). Nine (26%) of the 34 eyes with ARMD were found to have a DMCC. After age adjustment, eyes with DMCC were more likely to have geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (p = 0.003) or choroidal neovascularization (p = 0.07) than were eyes with a normal MCC. Regional differences in choriocapillary filling times were present in the eyes with a DMCC, including nasal-to-temporal, central-to-peripheral, and inferior-to-superior gradients of progressively less choriocapillary filling delay. The DMCC correlated with the location, number, size, confluence, and fluorescein staining characteristics of the associated drusen. Conclusion. DMCC occurs in some eyes with ARMD. This finding may not only assist in defining eyes at risk for progressive disease but may also help to elucidate the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
Reproductive endocrinology: Triptorelin ovarian suppression during breast cancer chemotherapy

A novel study by Del Mastro and colleagues suggests that the occurrence of early menopause as a consequence of chemotherapy can be reduced by triptorelin-induced temporary ovarian suppression during chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with early-stage breast cancer. But does this treatment preserve fertility, and will the benefits of continued menstrual function outweigh the risks?
Use of Isolated Strips of Cat Spleen for the Assay of α-Adrenergic Blocking Compounds

The response of isolated strips of cat spleen to epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine was studied. It was found that spleen strips suspended in glucose-deficient Tyrode's solution exhibited marked sensitivity to the catecholamines and were relatively insensitive to acetylcholine. This differential sensitivity was utilized to advantage in the development of an in vitro assay procedure for α-adrenergic blocking agents. In addition, the method offers a qualitative index to the degree of tissue receptor binding of the antagonists.
The Unfolded Protein Response in Fatty Liver Disease

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a protective cellular response activated under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The hepatic UPR is activated in several forms of liver disease including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent data defining the role of the UPR in hepatic lipid metabolism have identified molecular mechanisms that may underlie the association between UPR activation and NAFLD. It has become increasingly evident that the IRE1α/Xbp1 pathway of the UPR is critical for hepatic lipid homeostasis, and dysregulation of this evolutionarily conserved pathway is associated with human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although increasing evidence has delineated the importance of UPR pathway signaling in fatty liver disorders, the regulation of the hepatic UPR in normal physiology and fatty liver disorders remains incompletely understood. Understanding the role of the UPR in hepatic lipid metabolism may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD.
Culturally sensible digital place-making: design of the mediated xicanindio resolana

Mediated XicanIndio Resolana is an interactive rhetorical space where multiple participants engage in three rounds of verbal discourse surrounding a special topic (Figure 1.1). In this space, discourse is coupled with the manipulation of digital media through cultural interaction protocols and symbolic gestures. Our aim is to use this system to conduct social and cultural work in middle and high school classrooms. As a design team that includes Chicano and Native American designers, we seek to express respectful and appropriate design sensibilities that derive from indigenous epistemologies. To achieve this we have sought critical feedback through our cross-cultural partnerships with members of various indigenous communities.In this paper, we will present (a) the theoretical foundations and educational needs that govern our design, (b) a design overview of the Mediated XicanIndio Resolana, and (c) the lessons we have learned through community discourse regarding the cultural sensibilities of our work.
Tyrosine residues mediate fibril formation in a dynamic light chain dimer interface.

Light chain amyloidosis is an incurable protein misfolding disease where monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains misfold and deposit as amyloid fibrils, causing organ failure and death. Previously, we determined that amyloidogenic light chains AL-09 and AL-103 do not form fibrils at pH 10 (tyrosine pKa). There are three tyrosine residues (32, 91, and 96) clustered in the dimer interface, interacting differently in the two light chain proteins due to their two different dimer conformations. These tyrosines may be ionized at pH 10, causing repulsion and inhibiting fibril formation. Here, we characterize single and double Tyr-to-Phe mutations in AL-09 and AL-103. All AL-09 Tyr-to-Phe mutants form fibrils at pH 10, whereas none of the AL-103 mutants form fibrils at pH 10. NMR studies suggest that although both AL-09 and AL-103 present conformational heterogeneity, only AL-09 favors dimer conformations where tyrosine residues mediate crucial interactions for amyloid formation.
Direct comparisons of rates for low temperature diffusion of hydrogen and deuterium on Cu(001) from quantum mechanical calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments

Recent experiments by Lauhon and Ho using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observed the direct hopping of H and D on Cu(001) as a function of temperature. They found nearly temperature independent tunneling for H below 60 K, but could not detect the tunneling threshold for D (it is at least 1000 times lower than for H). The availability of such direct and accurate measurements provides the opportunity for validating the level of theory required to predict the diffusion of adsorbates on surfaces. Thus, we carried out density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA-II) on periodic slabs. The calculated tunneling rate of 4.74×10−4 s−1 for H is in close agreement with the experimental value of 4.4×10−4 s−1. We predict 4.66×10−9 s−1 for the tunneling rate of D (one hop every 83 months!). Between 60 and 80 K, the calculated thermally activated diffusion rate of H is 1012.88 exp(−0.181 eV/kT) s−1 in close agreement with the STM value: 1012.9±0.3 exp(−0.197 eV/kT). For deuteri...
Chicago board call options as predictors of common stock price changes

Abstract The intent in this study is to determine, using response surface methodology, whether call option prices can be relied upon to predict future rises in common stock prices. If call option prices are bid up by insiders prior to the time that new information becomes available to stock traders, recognition of this price action could form the basis of a stock trading strategy yielding returns superior to buy and hold. Evidence of such an advantage would be inconsistent with the efficient market hypothesis.
Odontogenic keratocyst treated by the Partsch operation and delayed enucleation: report of case

This report describes how an odontogenic keratocyst was successfully treated over a four-year period. The Partsch operation, with a four-year interval of cyst enucleation, prevented paresthesia, allowed bone healing, and facilitated surgical access in a patient with an odontogenic keratocyst. The patient has suffered no recurrence of the lesion, no permanent paresthesia of the mandible or lip, and no secondary deformities from surgery.
Prediction-based optimal power management in a fuel cell/battery plug-in hybrid vehicle

A prediction-based power management strategy is proposed for fuel cell/battery plug-in hybrid vehicles with the goal of improving overall system operating efficiency. The main feature of the proposed strategy is that, if the total amount of energy required to complete a particular drive cycle can be reliably predicted, then the energy stored in the onboard electrical storage system can be depleted in an optimal manner that permits the fuel cell to operate in its most efficient regime. The strategy has been implemented in a vehicle power-train simulator called LFM which was developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK software and its effectiveness was evaluated by comparing it with a conventional control strategy. The proposed strategy is shown to provide significant improvement in average fuel cell system efficiency while reducing hydrogen consumption. It has been demonstrated with the LFM simulation that the prediction-based power management strategy can maintain a stable power request to the fuel cell thereby improving fuel cell durability, and that the battery is depleted to the desired state-of-charge at the end of the drive cycle. A sensitivity analysis has also been conducted to study the effects of inaccurate predictions of the remaining portion of the drive cycle on hydrogen consumption and the final battery state-of-charge. Finally, the advantages of the proposed control strategy over the conventional strategy have been validated through implementation in the University of Delaware's fuel cell hybrid bus with operational data acquired from onboard sensors.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/NK1 Is a Naturally Occurring HGF/Scatter Factor Variant with Partial Agonist/Antagonist Activity

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis by activation of its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase. HGF/SF is structurally related to plasminogen, including an amino-terminal hairpin loop, four kringle domains, and a serine protease-like region. A truncated HGF/SF isoform, designated HGF/NK2, which extends through the second kringle domain and behaves as a competitive HGF/SF antagonist, was previously shown to be encoded by an alternative HGF/SF transcript. In this study, we describe a second naturally occurring HGF/SF variant, HGF/NK1, consisting of the HGF/SF amino-terminal sequence and first kringle domain. This product is encoded by a 2-kilobase alternative transcript containing intronic sequence that was contiguous with exon K1b. Analysis of baculovirus-expressed HGF/NK1 revealed that this isoform possesses the heparin binding properties of HGF/SF and modest mitogenic and scattering activity relative to HGF/SF. However, at a 40-fold molar excess, HGF/NK1 inhibited HGF/SF-dependent DNA synthesis. HGF/NK1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Met, and covalent affinity cross-linking demonstrated a direct HGF/NK1-receptor interaction. These findings establish that the HGF/SF gene encodes multiple alternative products, which include not only a mitogenic agonist (HGF/SF) and a pure antagonist (HGF/NK2) but also a molecule with partial agonist/antagonist properties.
Orientation of cross-bridges in skeletal muscle measured with a hydrophobic probe.

Cis-parinaric acid (PA) binds to a hydrophobic pocket formed between the heavy chain of myosin subfragment-1 (S1) and the 41-residue N-terminal of essential light chain 1 (A1). The binding is strong (Ka = 5.6 x 10(7) M-1) and rigid (polarization = 0.334). PA does not bind to myofibrils in which A1 has been extracted or replaced with alkali light chain 2 (A2). As in the case of S1 labeled with other probes, polarization of fluorescence of S1-PA added to myofibrils depended on fractional saturation of actin filament with S1, i.e., on whether the filaments were fully or partially saturated with myosin heads. Because fluorescence quantum yield of PA is enhanced manyfold upon binding, and because PA binds weakly to myofibrillar structures other then A1, the dye is a convenient probe of cross-bridge orientation in native muscle fibers. The polarization of a fiber irrigated with PA was equal to the polarization of S1-PA added to fibers at nonsaturating concentration. Cross-linking of S1 added to fibers at nonsaturating concentration showed that each S1 bound to two actin monomers of a thin filament. These results suggest that in rigor rabbit psoas muscle fiber each myosin cross-bridge binds to two actins.
Surviving Incest: The Art of Resistance

An interview study describes the development of resilient capacities among 26 female incest survivors. Resilience stemmed from active resistance to participants' perpetrators and eventually matured into strategies to prevent, withstand, stop, or oppose their childhood oppression and its consequences. Three themes emerged: resistance to (a) being powerless, (b) being silenced, and (c) being isolated. Implications for social work practice include focusing on resistance to oppression as part of a resiliency-oriented conceptual model in working with adult survivors of incest.
Glaucoma, apoptosis, death, and life

Professor Boles Carenini, President of the Italian Association for the Study of Glaucoma, asked that I prepare an address on apoptosis to deliver a t this meeting. I was glad to be asked to discuss this subject. It is current. It is important. It allows for a discussion of death (and life) in a broader context, which I plan to do. The practice of medicine requires both good art and good science to be successful. It is also true, I believe, that for our personal lives to be lived well requires both good art and good science. I will first propose a definition of glaucoma, then I will discuss apoptosis and the pathogenesis of glaucoma. and, finally, I will suggest implications that spring from these discussions.
O valor de uso do impossível

Visando a reflexao sobre o projeto da revista Documents, publicada nos anos 1929-1930, o artigo discute as relacoes entre a arte e a etnografia a partir da nocao de "valor de uso", que se tornaria decisiva na obra de Georges Bataille. Para tanto, vale-se de textos publicados na revista por autores como Michel Leiris, Georges Henri Riviere e Carl Einstein, entre outros, alem do proprio Bataille.
ATG Induction Improves Outcome for Sensitized Patients Who Have Undergone Heart Transplantation

Purpose Heart transplant recipients who are sensitized pre transplant are at increased risk for the development of antibody mediated and cellular rejection post transplantation. The use of induction therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) may reduce the incidence of antibody mediated rejection (AMR), but this has not been formally studied in a randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ATG induction on the incidence of AMR in a large single-center experience. Methods and Materials We identified 170 heart transplant (HTx) patients transplanted between January 1994 and October 2011, with pre-transplant panel reactive antibodies (PRA) >10%. Induction therapy was given based on the treating physician’s preference. One-year outcomes were assessed, including the incidence of treated rejection and pathology-defined AMR. Results Of the 170 HTx, 91 received ATG induction and 79 did not. The mean pre-transplant PRA was significantly higher in the ATG group (59 ± 31% vs 43 ± 32%, p=0.0015). In the ATG induction group, there were fewer treated rejection episodes (14% vs 30%, p= 0.01) and fewer pathology-defined AMR episodes (12% vs 26%, p=0.016). There was no difference in the incidence of cellular rejection (12% in both groups). Conclusions ATG induction therapy for sensitized patients results in fewer treated rejection epiosdes and a decreased incidence of pathology-defined AMR. This suggests that ATG induction is beneficial in sensitized patients, and the results should be confirmed with a randomized trial. No ATG (n=79) ATG (n=91) p-value All Treated Rejections, n (%) 24 (30%) 13 (14%) 0.01 Cellular Rejections, n (%) 10 (12%) 11 (12%) 0.74 Any-Treated AMR, n (%) 21 (26%) 11 (12%) 0.02
Determining hierarchical functional networks from auditory stimuli fMRI

We determined connectivity of the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects experienced auditory stimuli in a 2-by-2 factorial design. The two factors in this study were "speaker" (same or different speaker) and "sentence" (same or different sentences). Connectivity studies allow us to ask how spatially remote brain regions are neurophysiologically related given these stimuli. In the context of this study, we examined how the "speaker" effect and "sentence" effect influenced these relationships. We applied a Bayesian connectivity method that determines hierarchical functional networks of functionally connected brain regions. Hierarchy in these functional networks is determined by conditional probabilities of elevated activity. For example, a brain region that becomes active a superset of the time of another region is considered ascendant to that brain region in the hierarchical network. For each factor level, we found a baseline functional network connecting the primary auditory cortex (Brodmann's Area [BA] 41) with the BA 42 and BA 22 of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). We also found a baseline functional network that includes Wernicke's Area (BA 22 posterior), STG, and BA 44 for each factor level. However, we additionally observed a strong ascendant connection from BA 41 to the posterior cingulate (BA 30) and Broca's Area and a stronger connection from Wernicke's Area to STG and the posterior cingulate while passively listening to different sentences rather than the same sentence repeatedly. Finally, our results revealed no significant "speaker" effect or interaction between "speaker" and "sentence."
Oxidation of cardiac myoglobin in vivo by sodium nitrite or hydroxylamine.

A non-vascularized fish heart model was used to assess the oxidation of cardiac myoglobin in vivo by compounds known to cause methemoglobinemia. Buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) were cannulated from the afferent branchial artery to permit repeated blood sampling and injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitrite, hydroxylamine or aniline. Methemoglobin was formed by sublethal levels of sodium nitrite or hydroxylamine. For hydroxylamine, the time to peak effect was less than 1 h. For sodium nitrite, the onset was less rapid and the effect more prolonged. Aniline had no effect on hemoglobin at any concentration tested. Cardiac myoglobin, assayed at the time of peak effect on hemoglobin, was oxidized in a dosedependent manner by sodium nitrite or hydroxylamine. At high doses of sodium nitrite (50 and 100 mg/kg), the oxidation of myoglobin exceeded that of hemoglobin. The reverse was true of hydroxylamine at all concentrations tested. This study suggests the possibility that cardiac myoglobin is oxidized in occupational or other exposures to sodium nitrite, hydroxylamine and related compounds.
Control of Flow Structure on Delta Wing with Steady Trailing-Edge Blow

The near-surface flow structure and topology are characterized on a delta wing of low sweep angle, which is subjected to trailing-edge blowing. A technique of high-image-density particle image velocimetry is employed to determine the topological critical points adjacent to the surface and in the near wake of the wing, in relation to the dimensionless magnitude of the blowing coefficient. These topological features are, in turn, interpreted in conjunction with patterns of surface-normal vorticity and near-surface velocity fluctuations, which provide an indication of buffet loading. Even though the jet blowing is at the trailing edge, it has a remarkable, global influence on the surface patterns located well upstream; at high angle of attack, it leads to eradication of large-scale, three-dimensional separation in the vicinity of the apex.