cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of diet-age and streptomycin on virulence of Autographa californica M nucleopolyhedrovirus against the tobacco budworm.

Abstract Addition of the antibiotic streptomycin to two artificial diets routinely used in bioassays of neonate lar vae ofHeliothis virescens(tobacco budworm) infected withAutographa californicaM nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) increased lethal times of the virus. After storage of diets for 3 weeks at 4°C, lethal times of infected larvae were significantly slower compared to those for larvae bioassayed using diets stored for 2 weeks or less. The effect of diet-age on rate of mortality was not the result of a change in total protein content or pH of the diet, but was apparently the result of some other alteration in the quality of the diet (e.g. microbial spoilage, palatibility, and/or nutritional value unrelated to total protein). Although we did not determine why lethal times were slower in response to streptomycin concentration or diet-age, we did find that slower lethal times were correlated with slower relative growth rates (RGR) of infected larvae. In addition, RGR of infected larvae decreased as a function of increasing streptomycin concentration, diet-age, and the interaction of the two factors. These results demonstrate that it is difficult to obtain consistent and comparable bioassay results if antibiotic composition and diet-age are not controlled. We suggest a standardized diet or highly standardized procedures for a given diet be developed that permits comparison of bioassays among and within laboratories.
Nuclease-sensitivity of prostatic binding protein gene sequences in rat ventral prostate.

Abstract The ventral prostate nuclei from normal and 3-day castrated rats were subjected to mild micrococcal nuclease digestion. The prostatic binding protein (PBP) gene sequences in the nuclease-sensitive and -resistant DNAs were evaluated by hybridization with DNA probe complementary to PBP-mRNA. The reassociation kinetics showed that the nuclease-sensitive DNA from normal, but not castrated, prostate nuclei was enriched 5.6-fold in the PBP-coding sequences. Digestion of similar nuclei preparations with DNase I to 27% acid-soluble showed no preferential digestion of PBP gene sequences in normal, as compared to castrated, prostate nuclei. Analyses of the levels of PBP-mRNA sequences in nuclear and polysomal poly(A)RNAs following castration showed a drastic reduction of nuclear PBP coding sequences at a rate much greater than that of reduction of polysomal PBP-mRNA. These results support that testosterone regulates PBP gene activities at the transcriptional level by altering the conformation of prostate chromatin.
Poe's Breach with Romantic Tradition in INTRODUCTION

Edgar Allan Poe was known as a sullen and embittered man who harshly criticized Romantic writers, both prior and contemporary. One Romanticist, in particular, met with Poe's derision: William Words...
Networked simulation for team training of Space Station astronauts, ground controllers, and scientists - A training and development environment

The purpose of this paper is to describe plans for the Space Station Training Facility (SSTF) which has been designed to meet the envisioned training needs for Space Station Freedom. To meet these needs, the SSTF will integrate networked simulators with real-world systems in five training modes: Stand-Alone, Combined, Joint-Combined, Integrated, and Joint-Integrated. This paper describes the five training modes within the context of three training scenaries. In addition, this paper describes an authoring system which will support the rapid integration of new real-world system changes in the Space Station Freedom Program.
Alcohol, drugs, and substance use among asian-american college students

Abstract Two hundred and forty eight self-identified Asian-American college students participated in this study that examined the prevalence rates and sociodemographic factors of substance use among Asian Americans in college. Using a Basic Demographic Questionnaire. Family of Origin Measure, Acculturation Lifestyle Survey, and Substance Use Checklist (all instruments were in English), prevalence rates were found to be comparable to or higher than a national sample: 94.5% lifetime prevalence and 78.6% current prevalence (past 30 days) of alcohol use; and higher current prevalence (past 30 days) of illicit drug use (9.5%) and of cigarette use (22.8%) than other Asians aged 12 and older (3.5% for illicit drugs and 17.7% for cigarettes) in a national survey. Male students and those who were employed were more likely to be current users (past 30 days) of drugs in general (15%) and marijuana (13.2%), and users of wine coolers (76.0%) and cigarettes (61.1%) in their lifetime. Being born overseas, years in the U...
How much undernourishment is required to retard brain myelin development

This study employs a large population of developing rats designed to range continuously from above a normal, average weight to severely undernourished. The purpose of the study is to determine if brain myelin development is vulnerable to mild growth retardation from chronic hunger, or if brain myelin development is altered only after a certain tolerable amount of growth retardation is exceeded. The brains were examined at a landmark age, weaning, since myelination is one of the most vulnerable features of brain development and its rate of synthesis is highest at this age. Brain size was logarithmically related to body weight, and brain growth retardation increased as the severity of food deprivation increased. There was an additional reduction in the concentration of brain myelin. In contrast to brain weight, the reduction in myelin concentration was linearly related to body size over the full range from well nourished to undernourished. From a population perspective, these data indicate growth retardation from undernourishment in any amount slows brain growth and additionally lowers the concentration of brain myelin; however, individuals, in both well nourished and undernourished groups, vary widely. Implications and cautions of extrapolation to human populations are discussed.
Widespread Prevalence of Wolbachia in Laboratory Stocks and the Implications for Drosophila Research

Wolbachia is an intracellular microbe harbored by a wide variety of arthropods (including Drosophila) and filarial nematodes. Employing several different strategies including male killing, induced parthenogenesis, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and feminization, and acting by as-yet-unknown mechanisms, Wolbachia alters host reproduction to increase its representation within a population. Wolbachia is closely associated with gametic incompatibility but also interacts with Drosophila in other, little understood ways. We report here significant and widespread infection of Wolbachia within laboratory stocks and its real and potential impact on Drosophila research. We describe the results of a survey indicating that approximately 30% of stocks currently housed at the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center are infected with Wolbachia. Cells of both reproductive tissues and numerous somatic organs harbor Wolbachia and display considerable variation in infection levels within and between both tissue types. These results are discussed from the perspective of Wolbachia's potential confounding effects on both host fitness and phenotypic analyses. In addition to this cautionary message, the infection status of stock centers may provide further opportunities to study the genetic basis of host/symbiosis.
Graphically abelian groups

We define a group G to be graphically abelian if the function g@?g^-^1 induces an automorphism of every Cayley graph of G. We give equivalent characterizations of graphically abelian groups, note features of the adjacency matrices for Cayley graphs of graphically abelian groups, and show that a non-abelian group G is graphically abelian if and only if G=ExQ, where E is an elementary abelian 2-group and Q is a quaternion group.
Effect of Osmolality on Aldosterone Secretion

The purpose of these experiments was to determine if the powerful effect of sodium chloride concentration on angiotensin II- and potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion by isolated perfused adrenal glands is mediated by the sodium or chloride ion or by the obligatory change in osmolality. We used isolated Ringer's bicarbonate perfused canine adrenal gland preparations to determine the effects of a variety of isosmotic, hyperosmotic, and hyposmotic solutions on angiotensin II- and potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion. When we increased the osmolality of the perfusion medium (8-10 mosmol) by the addition of NaCl, sucrose, mannitol, or glucose, angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone secretion was inhibited to a similar extent, whereas urea addition had no effect. Similarly, when we increased the osmolality of the perfusion medium (8-10 mosmol) by the addition of NaCl, sucrose, or mannitol, potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion was also inhibited to a similar extent. In contrast to the increase in angiotensin II- and potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion observed during hyposmotic reductions in NaCl concentration, (addition of sucrose) did not increase angiotensin II- or potassium-stimulated aldosterone secretion. Even the marked increase in aldosterone secretion caused by large hyposmotic reduction in NaCl concentration did not occur with an equivalent isosmotic reduction in NaCl concentration. These results clearly demonstrate that changes in NaCl concentration affect aldosterone secretion by a mechanism sensitive to the osmolality. Moreover, since hyperosmolality caused by urea addition had no effect on angiotensin II-stimulated aldosterone secretion, changes in intracellular volume or composition appear to be an important modulator of aldosterone secretion.
Incremental Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness of High-Dose Statin Therapy in High-Risk Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

Background— Recent clinical trials found that high-dose statin therapy, compared with conventional-dose statin therapy, reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the actual benefit and cost-effectiveness of high-dose statin therapy are unknown. Methods and Results— We designed a Markov model to compare daily high-dose with conventional-dose statin therapy for hypothetical 60-year-old cohorts with ACS and stable CAD over patient lifetime. Pooled estimates for major clinical end points (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, rehospitalization, and revascularization) from relevant clinical trials were incorporated. Incremental benefit was quantified as quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Threshold analyses determined at what price difference high-dose statins would yield incremental cost-effective ratios below $50 000, $100 000, and $150 000 per QALY gained. In ACS patients, a high-dose versus con...
Hepatitis C Virus and HIV Envelope Proteins Collaboratively Mediate Interleukin-8 Secretion through Activation of p38 MAP Kinase and SHP2 in Hepatocytes

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects approximately 40% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, and the resulting hepatic dysfunction that occurs is the primary cause of death in patients with co-infection. We hypothesized that hepatocytes exposed to HCV and HIV proteins might be susceptible to injury via an "innocent bystander" mechanism. To assess this, we studied the effects of envelope proteins, E2 of HCV and gp120 of HIV, in model HepG2 cells. Upon co-stimulation with HCV-E2 and HIV-gp120, we observed a potent proinflammatory response with the induction of IL-8. Furthermore, our studies revealed that HCV-E2 and HIV-gp120 act collaboratively to trigger a specific set of downstream signaling pathways that include activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase, SHP2. Both specific inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase and sodium vanadate, a potent protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, blocked IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. The role of p38 MAP kinase and SHP2 was further defined by transiently overexpressing dominant negative mutants of these proteins into HepG2 cells. These studies revealed that overexpression of an inactive p38 MAP kinase or SHP2 mutant partially abrogated HCV-E2- and HIV-gp120-induced IL-8 production. Further studies revealed that IL-8 induction was not mediated through activation of the NF-kappa B pathway. However, HCV-E2 plus HIV-gp120 was shown to increase the DNA binding activity of AP-1. These results emphasize that expression of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8, induced by HCV-E2 and HIV-gp120, may be mediated through p38 MAP kinase and SHP2 in an NF-kappa B-independent manner, albeit through AP-1-driven processes.
Individual differences in perceptions of fault in intimate relationships

Abstract The present study examined the extent to which gender and control in intimate relationships influenced perceptions of fault in conflict situations. College students (89 males and 90 females) who were currently involved in dating relationships completed a measure that assessed perceived control over their own romantic relationships. Subjects then read scenarios that depicted a dating couple experiencing a specific conflict designed so that both the male and female targets were at fault for the disagreement. Males blamed the female target more than females did for the conflicts, whereas females assigned more blame than males to the male target. High control persons also made more extreme judgements of fault than low control persons.
Latino/as in Substance Abuse Treatment: Substance Use Patterns, Family History of Addiction, and Depression

This study describes a sample of Latino/as in substance abuse treatment. We were interested in substance use patterns, gender differences, family history of addiction, and depression. Questionnaires completed by Latino/as (N = 209) were identified from 12,000 sets completed by participants in treatment from 1993–2003. Significant gender differences emerged, with Latinas reporting higher rates of stimulant abuse and depression. A family history of substance use disorders in primary or secondary family members was reported by 91% of participants. These data suggest that understanding gender differences related to substance use and depression among Latino/as in treatment warrants attention.
Dentin bonding as a function of dentin structure

The traditional principles of operative dentistry have been challenged since Dr. Buonocore introduced the aid-etch technique in 1955. In spite of the numerous changes in clinical protocols and adhesive techniques, adhesion to dentin remains difficult. The importance of micromechanical bonding to dentin has been recognized over the last decade. Researchers now believe that dentin adhesion relies primarily on the penetration of adhesive monomers into the filigree of collagen fibers left exposed by acid etching. Two main strategies are currently in use for bonding to enamel and dentin: the self-etch technique and the total-etch technique. The efficiency of either bonding strategy depends very much on the dentin substrate used for bonding. Laboratory tests use ideal dentin from extracted teeth, which does not reflect the clinical reality. Clinical studies are the ultimate test for any dental adhesive material.
Compressible frequency chirping due to slow and fast self-phase modulation of ultrashort pulses and high-gain dye laser amplifiers

A theoretical investigation was conducted of the amplitude and phase changes in high-gain ultrashort pulse dye laser amplifiers for cases when the beam area is rather small and the pulse spectral center is not located at the amplifier gain peak. Due to high energy densities as well as high intensities, both slow (saturation-induced) and fast (Kerr-type) self-phase modulation can take place. Under certain conditions, these effects can together produce a considerable amount of mostly linear carrier chirp, resulting in compressible bandwidth enhancement. Compression of the amplified pulses is also calculated using quadratic and quadratic-plus-cubic phase compensation. >
Of rats and psychologists: A study of the history and meaning of science

The relationship between psychology and rats is explored in connection with the pre-scientific lifeworld, where important motivational roots, historically changing cultural practices and far-reachi...
Prevention of urinary calculi formation in mink by alteration of urinary pH.

SummaryThe formation of magnesium ammonium Phosphate MgNH4PO4.6H20) urinary calculi in mink can be prevented by the addition to the mink's diet of 1 g of ammonium chloride NH4C1) per mink per day. A level of 1/2 g of NH4C1 per mink per day has been found to be ineffective in preventing urinary calculi formation in mink
Experiences With Workplace Bullying Among Athletic Trainers in the Collegiate Setting

Context: Workplace bullying (WPB) is a series of persistent negative interactions that affect a clinician's ability to perform his or her role. Although WPB has been studied in other health professions, to date, no information exists pertaining to WPB in athletic training. Objective: To determine the prevalence of WPB in the collegiate setting and examine factors that influence its occurrence. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Collegiate setting. Patients or Other Participants: There were 723 (329 female, 394 male) athletic trainers (ATs) aged 37.5 ± 10.4 years. Main Outcome Measure(s): We collected data via the validated and reliable online Athletic Training Environment Survey. Descriptive statistics were obtained to determine a bullying score for each AT and examine the prevalence of WPB. Chi-square analyses were performed to examine the differences between (1) sex, (2) academic degree level, (3) employment title, and (4) National Athletic Trainers' Association district. Results: A total of 106 pa...
Micromagnetic Simulations on the Dependence of Gilbert Damping on Domain Wall Velocities in Magnetic Nanowires

The dependence of damping on domain wall motion and velocity in Permalloy nanowires is presented. The domain wall motion in isolated two micron long Permalloy nanowires, with a rectangular cross-section 10 nm thick and 100 nm wide, is simulated using the Landau-Lifshitz Gilbert (LLG) simulation.Interpreting LLG dynamics can be difficult due to the dependence of the results on the Gilbert damping parameter alpha. The Walker model also predicts the critical field and domain wall velocity as a function of alpha. For these combined reasons the dependence of the domain wall speeds on the damping parameter is explored.
Peptide self-assembly as a model of proteins in the pre-genomic world

Excellent catalytic efficiency has been obtained within a series of self replicating peptides, and nucleobase inclusion into a salt-switchable self replicating peptide is found to override the switch. Interestingly, cross-catalytic formation of an RNA aptamer is reported with a cationic peptide, and novel, amide-based biopolymers have been designed to self assemble.
Quasielastic light scattering study of the living human lens as a function of age

Purpose. To determine contributions of molecular scattering elements to the increase with age in the light scattered from the human ocular lens in vivo. Methods. We used quasielastic light scattering to measure autocorrelation functions of the intensity of light scattered in vivo from three locations (anterior, nuclear and posterior) along the optic axis in ocular lenses of 225 subjects, ranging from 17 to 63 years of age. We deduced probability distributions of key parameters (I s, I f, I i, I T) , which describe contributions of slowly diffusing (I s) , rapidly diffusing (I f) and relatively immobile (I i) scattering elements to the total light intensity (I T) scattered into the collection optics. We deduced characteristic times t s and t f that describe the Brownian motion of scattering elements. Results. Probability distributions for each age decile show clearly defined shifts in key parameters with age. I T at the nucleus increases by a factor of three from age 20 to 60 years. This increase is produc...
Pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine dependence: a review of the pathophysiology of methamphetamine addiction and the theoretical basis and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions.

Background. Methamphetamine (METH) dependence is a significant public health, criminal justice, and social service concern, and although abuse of this drug spans the past 40 years in the U.S., effe...
A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Two Topical Anesthesic Formulations Prior to Electrodesiccation of Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra

BACKGROUNDLiposomal lidocaine 4% (L.M.X.4 cream, Ferndale Laboratories Inc., Ferndale, MI, USA) has been proposed as a more rapidly acting topical anesthetic than the eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5% (EMLA cream, AstraZeneca LP, Wilmington, DE, USA) for venipuncture and laser p
Perspective: Should We Rely On Polls?

As the debate over health care reform intensifies, policymakers increasingly will turn to the polls to learn in which direction the American public wants to travel. They are likely to be disappointed. The public is confused. While Americans believe that our health care system needs repair, there is no consensus on how to fix it.1 In the preceding papers, Robert Blendon and colleagues and Lawrence Jacobs and Robert Shapiro outline many of the trends and inherent contradictions in what the polls are telling us. Both studies correctly note that over time the American public is expressing increased desire for fundamental change, but the studies differ somewhat in explaining this desire. Blendon and colleagues note the importance of “personal peace of mind.” While most Americans are pleased with their own health care, they have become concerned that their continued access to this care may be in jeopardy. They may lose their insurance, or their premiums may become too expensive. Jacobs and Shapiro also believe that the new willingness to accept change is determined at least partially by Americans’ concern over their own ability to maintain access, but they offer another explanation as well: “Americans now feel a genuine concern for the health status of others and, moreover, are willing to accept (although not without misgivings) government activism as the most feasible way to provide what are now expected benefits.” If the public’s desire for
Polymer physics—The ugly duckling story: Will polymer physics ever become a part of “proper” physics?

Biological polymers such as DNA, RNA, and proteins are essential parts of life on Earth from its very beginning. People started using biopolymers many centuries ago. For example, ancient Egyptians prepared ink by mixing carbon black with Arabic gum, whereas Amazon Indians made boots from unvulcanized natural rubber extracted from hevea trees more that 25 centuries ago. People started synthesizing polymers during the first half of the 19th century, but they understood that these molecules are long linear chains only in the beginning of the 20th century. Unfortunately, even now in the beginning of the 21st century, some physicists do not know that polymers exist, as polymer physics is still not a part of ‘‘proper’’ Physics education and culture. This situation with polymer physics hasn’t improved much either over the last 3 decades since the publication of de Gennes’ textbook ‘‘Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics’’ or over the last 2 decades since his Nobel Prize in Physics. Personally, I do not recall seeing a polymer in any of the classes or seminars throughout my entire Physics education (B.S. from Caltech and Ph.D. from Harvard). Thus, according to my ‘‘proper’’ Physics education, polymers could not possibly be part of Physics.
Flux Transfer Events: 1. generation mechanism for strong southward IMF

Abstract. We use a global numerical model of the interaction of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field with Earth's magnetosphere to study the formation process of Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) during strong southward IMF. We find that: (i) The model produces essentially all observational features expected for FTEs, in particular the bipolar signature of the magnetic field BN component, the correct polarity, duration, and intermittency of that bipolar signature, strong core fields and enhanced core pressure, and flow enhancements; (ii) FTEs only develop for large dipole tilt whereas in the case of no dipole tilt steady magnetic reconnection occurs at the dayside magnetopause; (iii) the basic process by which FTEs are produced is the sequential generation of new X-lines which makes dayside reconnection inherently time dependent and leads to a modified form of dual or multiple X-line reconnection; (iv) the FTE generation process in this model is not dependent on specific assumptions about microscopic processes; (v) the average period of FTEs can be explained by simple geometric arguments involving magnetosheath convection; (vi) FTEs do not develop in the model if the numerical resolution is too coarse leading to too much numerical diffusion; and (vii) FTEs for nearly southward IMF and large dipole tilt, i.e., near solstice, should only develop in the winter hemisphere, which provides a testable prediction of seasonal modulation. The semiannual modulation of intermittent FTE reconnection versus steady reconnection is also expected to modulate magnetospheric and ionospheric convection and may thus contribute to the semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity.
Less stress, longer life.

The theory that oxidative stress limits lifespan and causes age-related disease rests on experiments in invertebrates and correlative evidence from studies in mammals. This theory now gains a strong experimental basis in mammals.
Circular dichroism: electronic

First-principles calculations of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) are widely used to determine absolute configurations of chiral molecules. In addition, ECD is a sensitive probe for the three-dimensional molecular structure, making ECD calculations a useful tool to study conformational changes. In this review, we explain the origin of ECD and optical activity using response theory. While the quantum-mechanical underpinnings of ECD have been known for a long time, efficient electronic structure methods for ECD calculations on molecules with more than 10–20 atoms have become widely available only in the past decade. We review the most popular methods for ECD calculation, focusing on time-dependent density functional theory. Although single-point vertical ECD calculations yield useful accuracy for conformationally rigid systems, inclusion of finite-temperature effects is necessary for flexible molecules. The scope and limitations of modern ECD calculations are illustrated by applications to helicenes, fullerenes, iso-schizozygane alkaloids, paracyclophanes, β-lactams, and transition metal complexes. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 00 1–17 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.55
Do Geographic Entry Restrictions Increase Car Prices

Many states allow existing retail vehicle dealerships to challenge the entry of new competi-tors. Earlier studies found these restrictions resulted in higher vehicle retail prices. However, the studies used average vehicle prices or proxies for average prices and were not able to control for the numerous features and amenities that differentiate vehicles. The previous work was also con-ducted prior to the development of Internet shopping. This study tests the impact of state entry restrictions using a new data set that addresses these issues. Regression analysis finds that states having entry restrictions on new dealerships do not have higher vehicle prices.
Multiple-Challenge Study of Host Susceptibility to Norwalk Gastroenteritis in US Adults

In a multiple-challenge study of US adult volunteers with low or high levels of serum antibody to Norwalk virus, Norwalk inoculum 8FIIa was administered to 42 subjects, 22 were challenged 6 months later, and 19 received a third challenge after 6 more months. All 12 with high (greater than or equal to 1:200) but only 19 of 30 with low (less than 1:100) prechallenge titers experienced illness or a fourfold increase in titer after the first challenge (P less than .025). Only 4 of those challenged twice became ill; all had low initial titers but 3 had high titers before the second challenge. None became ill after a third challenge. Nine (47%) had high titers immediately before the third challenge; 3 had low titers before and after each challenge and remained asymptomatic. Thus, preexisting serum antibody to Norwalk virus does not seem to be associated with protective immunity, but antibody levels become associated with protection after repetitive exposure. Short-term resistance lasts greater than or equal to 6 months after challenge, and a small percentage of resistant individuals maintain low antibody titers even after multiple challenges.
Comprehensive Stroke Centers May Be Associated With Improved Survival in Hemorrhagic Stroke

Background Comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) provide a full spectrum of neurological and neurosurgical services to treat complex stroke patients. CSCs have been shown to improve clinical outcomes and mitigate disparities in ischemic stroke patients. It is believed that CSCs also improve outcomes in hemorrhagic stroke. Methods and Results We used the Myocardial Infarction Data Acquisition System (MIDAS) database, which includes data on patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD‐9] 431) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; ICD‐9 430) from all nonfederal acute care hospitals in New Jersey (NJ) between 1996 and 2012. Out‐of‐hospital deaths were assessed by matching MIDAS records with NJ death registration files. The primary outcome variable was 90‐day all‐cause mortality. The primary independent variable was CSC versus primary stroke center (PSC) and nonstroke center (NSC) admission. Multivariate logistic models were used to measure the effects of available covariates. Overall, 36 981 patients were admitted with a primary diagnosis of ICH or SAH during the study period, of which 40% were admitted to a CSC. Patients admitted to CSCs were more likely to have neurosurgical or endovascular interventions than those admitted to a PSC/NSC (18.9% vs. 4.7%; P <0.0001). CSC admission was associated with lower adjusted 90‐day mortality (35.0% vs. 40.3%; odds ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.97) for hemorrhagic stroke. This was particularly true for those admitted with SAH. Conclusions Hemorrhagic stroke patients admitted to CSCs are more likely to receive neurosurgical and endovascular treatments and be alive at 90 days than patients admitted to other hospitals.
Burn-induced changes in IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins are partially glucocorticoid dependent

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether burn-induced changes in various components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are mediated by the actions of endogenous glucocorticoids or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To address this aim, a 30% total body surface area full-thickness scald burn was produced in anesthetized rats, and the animals were studied 24 h later. Separate groups of time-matched control and burned rats were pretreated with either an antagonist to glucocorticoids (RU-486) or to TNF (TNF-binding protein; TNFBP). Thermal injury decreased the plasma concentration of IGF-I (38%) as well as the IGF-I mRNA abundance in muscle and kidney (31 and 48%, respectively). While RU-486 prevented the burn-induced decrease in plasma IGF-I, it did not ameliorate the reduction in tissue IGF-I mRNA. Burn increased the plasma concentration of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 as well as the mRNA content of IGFBP-1 in liver and kidney (15- to 20-fold). These burn-induced increases were partially or largely prevented by RU-486. In contrast, burn decreased the plasma concentration of IGFBP-3 (30%). Burn concomitantly decreased hepatic IGFBP-3 mRNA abundance (42%) but increased IGFBP-3 mRNA in kidney and muscle (50% and 10-fold, respectively). RU-486 largely prevented the burn-induced changes in IGFBP-3 mRNA in kidney and muscle but failed to attenuate the decreases in plasma and liver. Finally, burn injury decreased hepatic acid-labile subunit (ALS) mRNA by 80% and increased the mRNA content of IGFBP-related protein-1 (mac25) in liver by twofold, and these changes were not modified by pretreatment with RU-486. The above-mentioned changes in the IGF system were associated with a burn-induced decrease in muscle protein content that was prevented by RU-486. TNFBP failed to completely ameliorate any of the burn-induced changes in the IGF system. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids, but not TNF, mediate many but not all of the burn-induced changes in the IGF system.
Probabilistic AHP and TOPSIS for multi-attribute decision-making under uncertainty

One challenging aspect in designing complex engineering systems is the task of making informed design decisions in the face of uncertainty.1,2 This paper presents a probabilistic methodology to facilitate such decision-making, in particular under uncertainty in decision-maker preferences. This methodology builds on the frequently-used multi-attribute decision-making techniques of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and it overcomes some typical limitations that exist in relying on these deterministic techniques. The methodology is divided into three segments, each of which consists of multiple steps. The first segment (steps 1–4) involves setting up the problem by defining objectives, priorities, uncertainties, design attributes, and candidate designs. The second segment (steps 5–8) involves applications of AHP and TOPSIS using AHP prioritization matrices generated from probability density functions. The third segment (steps 9–10) involves visualization of results to assist in selecting a final design. A key characteristic measured in these final steps is the consistency with which a design ranks among the top several alternatives. An example satellite orbit and launch vehicle selection problem illustrates the methodology throughout the paper.
Gaussian Jamming in Block-Fading Channels under Long Term Power Constraints

We formulate a Gaussian uncorrelated jamming problem in block fading channels under long term power constraints. Source aims at minimizing the outage probability of its transmission under the presence of a malicious jammer, while the jammer attempts to maximize the corresponding outage probability under its average power constraint. Optimal power control strategies for both source and jammer are obtained for minimax and maxmin problems, respectively, for any arbitrary finite number of blocks in block fading channels. Our results demonstrate the non-existence of Nash-equilibria of this two- person zero-sum game.
Integration of Statistical Techniques in the Design Curriculum

Traditionally, design and analysis techniques have been using abstractions and models that are well captured using probabilistic models and are treated using standard algorithmic techniques. However, technology progress and application diversification, created a need for considering the impact of non-Gaussian and non-uniform uncertainty distributions that can only be addressed using non-parametric statistical techniques and robust algorithms. This trend provided an impetus for creation of a new graduate level course that aims to teach students sound statistical techniques, to enable them to obtain hands-on experience using statistical software, and to develop and apply the most effective ways to address design and manufacturing uncertainties. We summarize the syllabus of the course that integrates statistical techniques in the design curriculum, identifying the major obstacles and suggesting future improvements.
Fast image registration based upon projective planar geometry

The ability to perform an accurate comparison of images of a common object is an important tool for detecting localized changes on that object. The more accurate the comparison the better the ability to quantify these changes. A fast registration technique based upon a projective planar geometry is described. It allows the registration of two images to be performed by defining a pair of corresponding reference triangles in the images. >
Congenital alveolar dysplasia; a developmental anomaly involving pulmonary alveoli.

A morphologic anomaly of the lungs of new-born infants has been described. It is commonly associated with atelectasis and can be responsible for atelectasis. These two conditions are often confused. It is suggested that this anomaly is an expression of retardation in normal alveolar development. It may lead to death by asphyxia, and children who survive seem unusually susceptible to pneumonia. The etiology is unknown. The term "congenital alveolar dysplasia of the lungs" has been suggested to designate this form of anomaly involving pulmonary alveoli.
Flood Control Operation of Reservoirs

Inasmuch as the tendency of agencies operating multi-purpose reservoirs for flood control is to gain the immediately foreseeable benefits of power production, irrigation, and other conservation services at the expense of dependable flood protection, dependable flood control operation of multi-purpose reservoirs requires the formulation and strict observance of a set of operating rules designed to provide essential flood control while assuring essential conservation accomplishments. In the Central Valley of California, fully satisfactory protection against unpredictable rain floods requires firm flood control space throughout the rainy season, with varying space requirements at the beginning and end of the season. Where conservation functions warrant, however, rain space requirement may be governed in part by ground conditions. Protection against snowmelt floods can usually be provided on a forecast basis, with good utilization of the flood control space for conservation purposes. Ungated spillways usually provide an important moderating effect on excessive floods, whereas gated spillways usually do not and must be operated with great care in accordance with prearranged schedules.
An agent-based modeling approach to improve coordination between humanitarian relief providers

Logistical coordination between humanitarian organizations is crucial during the response effort to a disaster, as coordinating aid improves efficiency, reduces duplication of effort, and ultimately leads to better outcomes for beneficiaries. One challenge in particular is making facility location decisions, where makeshift homes, medical tents, or other aid-related facilities need to be placed in a way that provides fair service to all in need. This research aims to improve upon the current practices of facility placement coordination by drawing on data from the 2015 earthquake in Nepal. We develop an agent-based simulation model with data from this event, and extend our findings to provide new insights about humanitarian decision making and coordination in regard to the facility location problem.
DEEPFOCAL: A method for direct focal length estimation

Estimating the focal length of an image is an important preprocessing step for many applications. Despite this, existing methods for single-view focal length estimation are limited in that they require particular geometric calibration objects, such as orthogonal vanishing points, co-planar circles, or a calibration grid, to occur in the field of view. In this work, we explore the application of a deep convolutional neural network, trained on natural images obtained from Internet photo collections, to directly estimate the focal length using only raw pixel intensities as input features. We present quantitative results that demonstrate the ability of our technique to estimate the focal length with comparisons against several baseline methods, including an automatic method which uses orthogonal vanishing points.
Natural Functions of PLIN2 Mediating Wnt/LiCl Signaling and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)/GSK3 Substrate-Related Effects Are Modulated by Lipid

Belonging to the PLIN family, PLIN2 associates with lipid storage droplets (LSDs), but other functions of PLIN2 remain unclear. Here, we suggest that PLIN2 mediates Wnt signaling because PLIN2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppresses activation of Wnt/coreceptor pathways. The mediation in the Wnt/Frizzled pathway seems to occur from Dishevelleds to axin/glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK3)/β-catenin complexes (AGβC) as Wnt decreases Dishevelled/PLIN2 but increases AGβC/PLIN2 associations. Augmenting cellular LSDs that affect PLIN2 associations with these proteins, oleic acid (OA) treatment inhibits Wnt-increased AGβC/PLIN2 associations and β-catenin T-cell factor signaling (β-CTS). Revealing that PLIN2 is a GSK3-associated protein, the study explored PLIN2-mediated effects on GSK3/GSK3 substrates. PLIN2 siRNA reduces inhibitory GSK3 levels and lithium chloride (LiCl)-upregulated β-catenin or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (c/EBPα) expression. OA treatment decreases LiCl-increased c/EBPα via PLIN2-c/EBPα dissociation. In addition to PLIN2 overexpression increasing β-CTS, PLIN2 depletion or overexpression drops or adds expression of GSK3 substrates, such as β-catenin, c/EBPα,c-Myc, cyclin D1, and insulin receptor substrate 1, and cell growth/survival. PLIN2 N or C terminus overexpression that is associated with higher levels of the substrates suggests that those substrates bind to specific regions of PLIN2. Mimicking the possible high lipid concentrations in cells in the human body under conditions of hyperlipidemia/obesity, OA-treated cells gain or reduce GSK3 substrate expression in parallel with a decrease (a Wnt-like effect) or increase in GSK3 activity, likely regulated by GSK3/PLIN2/GSK3 substrate associations.
High-speed flow cytometry using nonlinear Brillouin imaging/sensing via time-resolved optical (BISTRO) measurements

Mechanical properties of living cells are often directly related to the cell type and physiological condition. However, all current detections are intrinsically slow and are not compatible with the state-of-the-art flow cytometry measurements. The low throughput of conventional techniques used for mechanical properties’ assessment fundamentally impedes their clinical applicability. In this report, by incorporating the concept of impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS), we report a Brillouin Imaging and Sensing system via Time-Resolved Optical (BISTRO) measurements, and extended it to flow cytometry applications. As a high throughput elasticityspecific probing technique, our current BISTRO cytometry setup is capable of distinguishing cells possessing with distinct mechanical properties and is expected to be applied in cell sorting and disease diagnosis [1]. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nonsaturating Traps and Long-Life Attractant Lures for Monitoring Spruce Budworm Males

The trapping efficacy of various nonsaturating, pheromone-baited traps was contrasted with standard sticky traps for males of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens). Several nonsaturating designs that employed a vaporous insecticide (dichlorvos) were comparable in terms of trap catch to fresh sticky traps. Such nonsaturating traps may prove useful in programs to monitor spruce budworm population dynamics. Commercial formulations of ( E ) and (Z)-11-tetradecenal (ca. 97:3) in a plastic laminate or hollow fibers proved effective over several weeks in luring males.
Revising the Law of the Mother in the Adoption-Marriage Plot

Gretchen Murphy, “Revising the Law of the Mother in the Adoption-Marriage Plot” (pp. 342–365) This essay traces a common plot in British and American fiction in which an outsider is first adopted and then later marries into a family. Such plots have been linked with the transition from blood to voluntary association in liberal society, but this essay examines the apparent superfluity of adoption and marriage in bringing the outsider into the family. Surveying historicist and psychoanalytic interpretations of the role of incest in the formation of democratic and contractual community in these works, the essay uses Juliet Mitchell’s psychoanalytic theory of siblings to propose that these plots address a central challenge of democracy: mediating equality and freedom when a legally imposed equality among all stands at odds with the freedom to create closed communities of choice. Shifting from adopted siblinghood to marriage enables a fantasy of social relations that are entirely chosen rather than imposed. Novels discussed include Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park (1814); James Fenimore Cooper’s Wyandotte (1843); Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights (1847); Maria Susanna Cummins’s The Lamplighter (1854); Frank J. Webb’s The Garies and Their Friends (1857); Anthony Trollope’s Doctor Thorne (1858); Harriet Beecher Stowe’s The Pearl of Orr’s Island (1862); Augusta Jane Evans’s St. Elmo (1866); Maria Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought It? (1872); and Helen Hunt Jackson’s Ramona (1884).
Analysls of Food Poisoning due to Ciguatoxin in Shenzhen in 2004 to 2006

Objective: To study the reason of food poisoning,clinical menifetation and the Characters of epidemic to prevent food poisoning much more effectively. Methods: Accordimg to food poisoning investigation report during the year of 2004-2006 and statistical analysis of yearend food poisoning documents of Shenzhen Luohu District Center. Results: We found that 7 Analysls poisoning incident were caused by taking shumin and aongsheng,and there were 96 people poisoning, taking an account of 8.9℅in all food but without death case. Conclusions: We should strengthen the management of coral, know the tpxicity of garibaldi and tske prevention measures.
Learning How to Sustain Native Nations: Emerging Practice in Environmental Justice, Health, Language and Cultural Resources

The applied Indigenous studies (AIS) program at Northern Arizona University (NAU) focuses on Native Nation building and leadership in Indian Country. The department offers a Bachelor of Arts or Science, as well as minors in Native American studies, applied Indigenous studies and Indigenous health studies. The goal of the department is to prepare it’s students for practical application of their knowledge of Indigenous history and culture, policy, and 21st century challenges, in the United States and globally. In addition, students are required to complete an internship during their time in the program that provides them with experience in their area of interest. The 2013 senior class of the applied Indigenous studies department, working with Dr. Octaviana V. Trujillo, developed research projects in the Fall and Spring semesters that focused on their future career or a topic that resonated with them in Indian Country. The students submitted their papers to the Western Social Science Association Conference and were invited to present their findings on a panel. The academic department, college and research office at NAU supported their travel to the conference.
Decolonizing Research Methods for Family Science: Creating Space at the Center

North America has a strong legacy of colonization, and a decolonizing agenda has important implications for the field of family science. Decolonizing epistemologies and research methods have gained momentum in the biological and social sciences. These research methods challenge the status quo and the superiority of Western ideologies and focus on agendas meant to honor marginalized people and their local knowledge and experiences. Decolonizing ideologies and practices offer an opportunity for researchers to decenter the existing power structure of neocolonial paradigms and knowledge production while simultaneously acknowledging the needs of multiple stakeholders in research. Our goal is to review the various forms of colonialisms, offer methodological considerations for family research, highlight the advantages and challenges of using a decolonizing approach, and offer reflexive questions to situate the researcher focused on a decolonizing research agenda for family science.