cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative description of migrant farmworkers versus other students attending rural south Texas schools: substance use, work, and injuries.

CONTEXT: Little is known about substance use, work characteristics, and injuries of youth from migrant farmworker families. Some evidence suggests that migrant youth may be at greater risk for substance use and work-related injuries than nonmigrant youth. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare substance use, employment, and injury data from migrant and nonmigrant youth residing in rural South Texas. METHODS: Anonymous cross-sectional survey data were collected from 7,302 middle and 3,565 high school students during a regular class. Classification as a migrant student occurred if the student responded positively to: "Does your family move around the state or nation to pick fruits or vegetables for work?" RESULTS: About 5% of South Texas middle and high school students reported belonging to a migrant family. Compared to nonmigrant students, migrant youth were more likely to report frequent substance use. Youth belonging to migrant families were less likely to work for pay on weekends but more likely to work for pay on weekday mornings before school. These youth were also more likely to have ever been injured while working than nonmigrant students. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a need for additional interventions in this most vulnerable rural population. Specifically, targeted educational programs to enhance the occupational safety and health of migrant youth, further research into effective substance abuse treatment and prevention programs in rural areas, and enhancement of child labor laws are recommended.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation Is Associated with an Increase in Household Food Security in a National Evaluation

Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides nutrition assistance benefits to low-income families in an effort to reduce hunger and improve health and well-being. Because 1 in 7 Americans participate in the program each month, policymakers need to know whether the program is meeting these objectives effectively. Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the association between SNAP participation and household food security using recent data from the largest national survey of the food security of SNAP participants to date. Methods The analysis used a survey of nearly 6500 households and a quasi-experimental research design that consisted of 2 sets of comparisons. Using a cross-sectional sample, we compared information collected from SNAP households within days of program entry with information collected from a contemporaneous sample of SNAP households that had participated for ∼6 mo. Next, using a longitudinal sample, we compared baseline information collected from new-entrant SNAP households with information from those same households 6 mo later. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate associations between SNAP and household food security. Results SNAP participation decreased the percentage of SNAP households that were food insecure in both samples by 6-17%. SNAP participation also decreased the percentage of households experiencing severe food insecurity--designated very low food security--by 12-19%. Findings were qualitatively robust to different empirical specifications. Conclusion SNAP serves a vital role in improving the health and well-being of households by increasing food security. Given recent legislation to reduce program size and limit program eligibility, this study underscores SNAP's continued importance in affecting households' well-being. Future research is needed to determine whether specific groups of households experience differential improvements in food security.
Dysphagia Rehabilitation Following Total Glossectomy

Total glossectomy—resection including the oral and base of tongue—remains the most significant surgical alternative for patients with advanced cancers of the tongue, but given the current advancements in reconstruction and rehabilitation, patients can return to oral alimentation, near-normal activities, and an acceptable quality of life. Successful medical recovery and the ability to restore swallowing function depend on strong and consistent communication between the members of an expert multidisciplinary team that must include a knowledgeable speech-language pathologist. Unlike total glossectomy in past decades, today, total tongue resection no longer mandates a total laryngectomy, nor are glossectomized patients relegated to a liquid diet or feeding tube dependency.
Design consideration for modeless integrated circuit substrates using planar periodic patches

In recent years, there has been significant interest in complete surface-wave elimination (meaning in all possible directions) through the use of periodic elements incorporated into integrated circuit structures. However, to date there is no comprehensive theory for the design of the surface-wave bandgap, and it also appears that leaky modes with complex propagation constants that may exist on the planar periodic structures have not been properly taken into account. As shown here, fast periodic leaky modes may exist within a surface-wave bandgap zone. These leaky modes may result in more energy loss and crosstalk than the surface-wave modes and should be taken into account in circuit design. This paper presents theory and experimental validation for guided surface-wave and leaky modes on a printed circuit structure consisting of planar periodic metal patches over a grounded substrate. The existence of surface-wave bandgaps and leaky modes is attributed to either element resonances or the weakly bounded dielectric slab modes. It is also found that fast periodic leaky modes may exist within a surface-wave bandgap zone. Design procedures for achieving a complete surface-wave bandgap without leaky-modes are outlined and examples are given.
The Relationship of First Intercourse to Later Sexual Functioning Concerns of Adolescents

First intercourse is often viewed as a pivotal behavior. The present study was designed to examine the relationship of factors from the first inter course experience to later sexual functioning concerns of adolescents. The sample was composed of college-aged women (N = 412) and men (N = 261) who completed a comprehensive, self-report questionnaire. Chi-square analysis indicated that trends in adolescent sexual behavior identified in the 1960s and 1970s were continuing, if not accelerating, in the 1980s. Gender convergence was found for many aspects of first coitus. An increase in reported sexual functioning concerns of young people was also found. Analysis of covariance indicated that factors representing the affective dimensions of first intercourse (i.e., relation ship with partner, major reason for engaging in coitus, and evaluation of experience) were significantly related to more sexual functioning con cerns than the structural factor of age at first coitus.
Continuous volumetric imaging via an optical phase-locked ultrasound lens

In vivo imaging at high spatiotemporal resolution is key to the understanding of complex biological systems. We integrated an optical phase-locked ultrasound lens into a two-photon fluorescence microscope and achieved microsecond-scale axial scanning, thus enabling volumetric imaging at tens of hertz. We applied this system to multicolor volumetric imaging of processes sensitive to motion artifacts, including calcium dynamics in behaving mouse brain and transient morphology changes and trafficking of immune cells.
Reduced Graphene Oxide-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrenesulfonate Based Dual-Selective Sensor for Iron in Different Oxidation States

A dual-selective sensor platform for detection of iron in ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) oxidation states was developed. Upon dispersing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) polymer, we deposited a hybrid film of rGO-PEDOT:PSS onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Effective intercalation of rGO sheets in PEDOT:PSS film was observed by Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The rGO-PEDOT:PSS/GCE sensor showed high electrocatalytic activity for Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reaction. Using amperometry with controlled applied potential, we demonstrated selective detection of both Fe2+ and Fe3+ with rGO-PEDOT:PSS/GCE. The sensor responded linearly to Fe2+ from 20–833 μM (at 0.6 V) and Fe3+ from 1–833 μM (at 0.4 V) in 0.5 M KCl + 0.05 M HCl. The presence of several common metal and organic interferents such as Cu2+, Co2+, Ag+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, l-glycine, l-cysteine, l-tyrosine, glucose, ...
Hybrid retinal tracking and coagulation system

Laser photocoagulation is used extensively by ophthalmologists to treat retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal breaks and tears. Currently, the procedure is performed manually and suffers from several drawbacks: it often requires many clinical visits, it is very tedious for both patient and physician, the laser pointing accuracy and safety margin are limited by a combination of the physician's manual dexterity and the patient's ability to hold their eye still, and there is a wide variability in retinal tissue absorption parameters. A computer-assisted hybrid system is under development that will rapidly and safely place multiple therapeutic lesions at desired locations on the retina in a matter of seconds. In the past, one of the main obstacles to such a system has been the ability to track the retina and compensate for any movement with sufficient speed during photocoagulation. Two different tracking modalities (digital image-based tracking and analog confocal tracking) were designed and tested in vivo on pigmented rabbits. These two systems are being seamlessly combined into a hybrid system which provides real-time, motion stabilized lesion placement for typical irradiation times (100 ms). This paper will detail the operation of the hybrid system and efforts toward controlling the depth of coagulation on the retinal surface.
Inhibition of Limb Regeneration in the Grass Shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, by Sodium Pentachlorophenate

The initiation and progress of regeneration following the removal of the left fifth pereiopod were studied using the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. The regeneration patterns of 400 shrimp subjected to various treatments revealed that sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) affects the initiation and progress of limb regeneration. Depending on the concentration used, Na-PCP caused either a complete inhibition of regeneration, a delay of initiation of limb bud development, or a reduction of limb bud growth without altering the intermolt duration. By comparing the regeneration indices (R values) of control and experimental shrimp noted on specified days preceding ecdysis and on the day following ecdysis it was possible to determine the extent (%) of inhibition of regeneration in shrimp exposed to Na-PCP. EC50 values were computed using probit analysis. For example, the R values of shrimp nine days after limb removal yielded the following EC50 values with 95% confidence intervals shown in parenthesis: unfed shrimp, 0.473 ppm Na-PCP (0.306–0.670); fed shrimp, 0.565 ppm (0.452–0.706). The EC50 values based on postecdysial R values were: unfed shrimp, 0.615 ppm Na-PCP (0.451–0.852); fed shrimp, 0.637 ppm (0.485–0.850). The inhibitory effects of Na-PCP were more pronounced on the initial phases of limb regeneration (involving wound healing, cell division and dedifferentiation) than on the later phases of regeneration (involving further differentiation and cellular enlargement). Crustacean limb regeneration can be used as a sensitive bioassay for studying the effects of chemical pollutants.
A Social and Economic Program for Submarginal Agricultural Areas

In submitting a social and economic program for the submarginal agricultural areas, it is best to confine the discussion to a specific region, namely, the cut-over lands of the Lake States, and even narrow it down to Wisconsin. After all, a program must fit a particular case with its own physical, economic, social, and even legal background. Geographically the cut-over area of the Lake States is largely a part of the Laurentian Plateau and shares with it many of its peculiarities of soil, topography and climate.2 The soils are extremely varied, glaciated, with many lakes and swamps. In some sections the growing season is less than 110 days. In spite of excellent transportation, good markets, and proximity to large urban centers, agricultural development has absorbed less than one-fourth of the land area of the seventeen northern counties of Wisconsin which are the chief cut-over counties of this state. In explantation it has been said that settlers passed by the wooded districts of the three Lake States for the prairies, and even thousands of Wisconsin people left the state "forgetful or ignorant of the good farming lands close at home." Probably the best years of agricultural development were from 1910 to 1920 when land was cleared at the rate of 20,000 acres per year. We dreamed of a great dairy empire in Cloverland, and the prediction was made that northern Wisconsin would some day feed the nation. The agricultural depression has brought us back to earth.
Competence of Competence: An English View

TYPICALLY in English law, a legal concept gradually develops with each individual case and not as a sudden process of logical reasoning from a set of first principles. So it is not surprising that while relatively few English lawyers and arbitrators, at least until recently, would have used as legal terms of art the actual phrases ‘autonomy of the arbitration clause’1 or ‘competence of competence’, nonetheless English arbitration law has long experience in the practical application of these different legal concepts. This note seeks to demonstrate that the concept of competence of competence is alive and well in English arbitration law2 and that the concept is applied in practice in a flexible manner, despite its absence as an ordinary English legal term of art. It is axiomatic that commercial arbitration depends first on consent. As recently restated by Messrs Redfern & Hunter ‘An arbitration tribunal may only validly determine disputes which the parties have agreed that it should determine. This rule is an inevitable consequence of the voluntary nature of arbitration. In consensual arbitration, the authority or competence of the arbitral tribunal comes from the agreement of the parties; indeed, there is no other source from which it can come. It is the parties who give to what is essentially a private tribunal the authority to decide disputes between them; and the arbitration tribunal must take care to stay within the terms of this authority… an arbitral tribunal must not exceed its jurisdiction…’3 This obvious limitation on the jurisdiction of arbitrators, imposed by the dependence of that jurisdiction on the consent of the parties, gives rise to a logical problem and a practical need. The logical problem is that an examination by an arbitrator of his own jurisdiction in the event of challenge, involves an assumption that …
Acid-fast bacilli with cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus inclusions in the skin of an AIDS patient.

A 66-year old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient presented with cutaneous lesions suspicious for Kaposi’s sarcoma. Biopsies disclosed granulomatous infiltrates with acid-fast bacilli and cytomegalovirus inclusions within macrophages and endothelial cells in one biopsy. Herpesvirus vesicle, necrotizing folliculitis, and vasculitis were observed in a second biopsy taken concurrently. These findings emphasize the polymorphous presentation of infectious disorders in AIDS and the need for multiple biopsies and for work-up with special stains in these patients.
Interviewing practices in California restaurants: perspectives of restaurant managers and student job applicants.

ABSTRACTAdherence to hiring practices that are fair, ethical, and non-discriminatory are vital to both organizations and job applicants. This study examined employee hiring in California restaurants from the perspectives of unit managers as well as student job applicants, with a focus on the interview step. Results of this study revealed that unit managers believed the presence and adherence to policies and procedures were indicators of ethical hiring. On the other hand, job applicants perceived verbal and non-verbal behaviors of interviewers as indicators of ethical or non-ethical hiring practices.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE RETINAL VESSELS. II. THE SMALL VESSELS.

Adult human retinal capillaries differ from those in other organs in having thicker basement membranes, closer spaced pericytes, and extensive “Swiss cheese” cavitation of the outer wall at the junction of the basement membranes of the pericytes and glial cells. Dense inclusions are observed in some of these cavitations. Capillary basement membranes in the rat and monkey retina are thinner, and cavitation is very slight in the monkey and absent in the rat. No dense inclusions were seen in the cavitations of the monkey capillary. The possibility exists that the cavitations are a result of aging or an artifact. However, they may represent a potential perivascular space which could be of importance in the formation of the diabetic aneurysm and in perivascular exudation. Arterioles 8 μ in diameter are surrounded by a single smooth muscle cell but otherwise are identical in structure to the capillary, including cavitation of the basement membranes. In slightly larger arterioles, the external basement membrane system contains collagen fibers which increase in number as the vessel enlarges. Elastic tissue is not demonstrable. The capillary wall is continuous with venules and small veins, with little change in structure except for increasing amounts of collagen to form an adventitia. Cavitation also is found in the outer basement membrane system of venules and smaller veins. The latter are distinguished from capillaries also by their size.
Presence of cerebral amyloid modulates phenotype and pattern of neurodegeneration in early Parkinson's disease

Objective To evaluate the frequency of cerebral amyloid in early Parkinson9s disease (ePD) and provide a multimodal assessment of the influence of cerebral amyloid on disease phenotype. Methods We performed a multicentre cohort study of the Parkinson9s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI), including 369 drug-naive patients with ePD and 174 healthy controls (HC). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β levels were transformed using the linear regression procedure. A cut-off of >198 pg/mL was used to define amyloid-negative (PD−) and amyloid-positive (PD+) subgroups. Grey matter (GM) density and hippocampal volume from the MRI was measured using Advanced Normalisation Tools (ANTs). We compared demographic, genetic, CSF, behavioural, functional and imaging modalities across ePD− and ePD+ groups. Results We observed that 16.5% of ePD have CSF evidence of amyloidosis. PD+ was significantly older than PD−, had a higher frequency of APOE e4 alleles and all CSF measures (total-tau, phosphorylated-tau and α-synuclein) were reduced. PD+ had reduced cognitive performance relative to PD− on Symbol–Digit Matching, Verbal Category Fluency and Delayed Recall tests. Imaging analysis in a subset of individuals (PD+ =43; PD− =241) revealed overlapping GM atrophy relative to HC in medial temporal, frontal and brainstem structures. Direct comparisons revealed PD+ GM reductions predominantly located in the frontal cortex while PD− had GM reductions in subcortical structures. These observations remain when controlling for age and APOE e4 allele status. Conclusions Cerebral amyloid in ePD yields a unique phenotype across all measured modalities that is consistent with a synergistic interaction between α-synuclein and amyloid pathology. Amyloid status should be considered when screening these individuals for trials involving disease-modifying agents.
Liberty and freedom: A visual history of America’s founding ideas by David Hackett Fischer

David Hackett Fischer is one of the United States’ most popular historians. His two studies of important events in the American war for independence – Paul Revere’s Ride (1994) and Washington’s Cro...
Looking for Heteroscedasticity: A Means of Searching for Neglected Conditional Relationships

Almost all the greatest discoveries in astronomy have resulted from the consideration of what we have elsewhere termed RESIDUAL PHENOMENA, of a quantitative or numerical kind, that is to say, of such portions of the numerical or quantitative results of observation as remain outstanding and unaccounted for after subducting and allowing for all that would result from the strict application of known principles. (Sir John F. W. Herschel, as quoted in Draper & Smith, 1981, p. 141)Perhaps the most important reason to identify and study heteroscedasticity is that it may provide the only available evidence of interacting variables. Existing computer programs can search data sets for evidence of simple interaction; however, a finding of heteroscedasticity can provide a rationale for suspecting interaction with variables not included in the data set. (Downs & Rocke, 1979, p. 826)
Social Philosophy and Economic Policy

The last chapter of The General Theory carries the long but diffident title, “Concluding Notes on the Social Philosophy Towards Which The General Theory Might Lead.” Keynes was a political animal throughout his life. He had a continuing association with the Liberal Party, both in its period of ascendency prior to World War I and in its decline after that war. In an interpretation of Keynes’s views on the implications of The General Theory for broader social issues and on the appropriate structure of policies designed to implement the new theory, his writings on politics and social policy prior to The General Theory are relevant. While The General Theory marks a sharp break in economic theory, the “social philosophy” implications he drew from the work are consistent with his earlier views. In fact, The General Theory can be viewed as giving an economic theoretic rationalization for views that Keynes’s ethics and intuition had led him to, even as he was a practicing “classical” economist.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) and social support: Testing the effects of using CMC on support outcomes

Despite the growth in research examining the use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) for exchanging social support, there remains much to learn about the support-related implications of CMC. An experiment was conducted to examine the influence of the reduced social cues associated with CMC on the outcomes of supportive interaction. Participants discussed a stressor with a confederate either face-to-face or via CMC and received informational or emotional support. Although they received the exact same support messages, participants in the CMC condition reported significantly greater worry and uncertainty discrepancy following the interaction than participants in the face-to-face condition. A main effect was also found for support message type. Consistent with the optimal matching model, informational support led to more beneficial outcomes than emotional support in response to the (controllable) stressor experienced by participants.
Van de Hulst Essay: The DDA, the RTE, and the computation of scattering by plane parallel layers of particles

Abstract A formulation and computational algorithm, based on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), is presented for directly simulating the electromagnetic wave reflection, transmission, and absorption properties of plane parallel layers of random particulate media. The method is intended for situations in which the characteristic size of the particles is comparable to the radiation wavelength, yet no restriction is made regarding the concentration of the particles. In particular, the application is specifically intended for high particle concentrations characteristic of regolith, pigment layers, functional thin films, and so on. Strategies for reducing the memory and time requirements of the computations are developed. Test calculations show that the method can reproduce direct simulation predictions of hemispherical reflectance from layers of spherical particles as calculated by multiple sphere superposition solution. The method also correctly asymptotes to the radiative transport regime in the limit of small particle volume fraction. The connection of the formulation to those for discrete particle scattering, and the radiative transport equation (RTE), is discussed.
Statistical QoS-Driven Resource Allocation over FD-SS Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks

As a critical technique to support the multimedia services - the major traffic in cooperative cognitive radio networks (CRNs), the statistical quality-of-service (QoS) technique has been proved to be effective in statistically guaranteeing delay-bounded video transmissions over the time- varying wireless channels. On the other hand, in modern cooperative CRNs, the full-duplex spectrum sensing (FD-SS) scheme is designed to be a promising candidate technique for fully utilizing the channel spectrum while significantly enhancing the performance. However, how to efficiently integrate the FD-SS technique in supporting statistical QoS over cooperative CRNs imposes many new challenges not met before. To effectively overcome the above-mentioned difficulties, we propose the QoS-driven resource allocation scheme to implement FD-SS based multimedia services in cooperative CRNs. In particular, under the Nakagami-m channel model, we establish the cooperative spectrum sharing system model. We develop the FD-SS scheme and derive the probabilities of miss detection and false alarm for the proposed FD-SS scheme over cooperative CRNs. Given the statistical QoS constraints, we analyze the effective capacity and our proposed optimal resource allocation policy using the proposed FD-SS architecture over cooperative CRNs. Also conducted is a set of simulations which evaluate the system performance and show that our proposed resource allocation policy can achieve the optimality under the statistical delay-bounded QoS constraints over cooperative CRNs.
YWHAE-rearranged high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: Two-center case series and response to chemotherapy.

Objectives YWHAE-rearranged high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS) is a rare, recently defined uterine sarcoma harboring t(10;17)(q22;p13) resulting in YWHAE-NUTM2A/B fusion. Chemotherapy sensitivity of metastatic YWHAE-rearranged HG-ESS is unknown. We reviewed the response to chemotherapy in women with YWHAE-rearranged HG-ESS to provide guidance for clinical management.
SCIMPS: an integrated approach to distributed processing in sensor webs

Abstract This paper presents a new tightly coupled computation/communication design developed to support the unique operational requirements of sensor webs. A critical challenge of sensor webs is supporting the ad hoc deployment of unknown numbers of nodes. KUASAR is a new routing algorithm developed for the unique operational modes of sensor webs. The basic operation of KUASAR is presented along with its performance capabilities in the presence of nodes being randomly added and deleted from the sensor web. The key performance capabilities and correctness of KUASAR are also presented.
Extent of pollen-mediated gene flow and seed longevity in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.): Implications for biosafety procedures

Abstract New switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) bioenergy cultivars are being bred through genetic engineering; however, baseline information is urgently needed to establish guidelines for small-scale field trials prior to commercialization. In this study, we documented the pattern of pollen-mediated gene flow and the extent of seed longevity in field experiments. To mimic crop-to-wild, pollen-mediated gene flow, we planted wild recipient switchgrass ramets at various distances away from cultivar donor ramets at two sites in Ohio. Percent hybridization at each distance was estimated from seed set on recipient ramets, which were self-incompatible clones. The pattern of gene flow was best described by negative exponential models, and the minimum isolation distance for a 0.01% gene flow threshold was predicted to be 69 m and 109 m away from the pollen source at the two sites. To investigate seed longevity, we buried seeds of six cultivars and ten wild biotypes in Ohio and Iowa in 2011. A subset of the seeds were exhumed, germinated, and tested for dormancy over three years. Cultivars lost seed viability and dormancy significantly sooner than wild biotypes at both locations in the first year, and most biotypes lost dormancy by the second year. Cultivar seeds buried in the cooler, drier Iowa site had an overall greater longevity than those buried in Ohio. Our findings suggest that substantial amounts of pollen-mediated gene flow could occur in the immediate vicinity of switchgrass pollen sources, and current switchgrass cultivars are unlikely to persist in the seed bank for more than three years.
American Entry into the First World War as an Historiographical Problem

According to United States historian Michael S. Neiberg, the general amnesia with which Americans treat the First World War extends to the scholarly community, resulting in the war’s historiography paling in comparison to that of other events in American history. Focusing on the years of American neutrality from 1914 to 1917, Neiberg’s chapter addresses this gap in both the history of the war and America’s place in the early twentieth century. Neiberg’s synthesis advances theories for the absence of the war in American historiography and memory. He also shows how understanding the reasons Americans supported entry into the war in 1917 helps us to develop a much sharper and complex picture of American history. For Neiberg, the First World War was a seminal American event.
Passive transfer of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome induces dihydropyridine sensitivity of I(Ca) in mouse motor nerve terminals

Xu, You-Fen, Sandra J. Hewett, and William D. Atchison. Passive transfer of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome induces dihydropyridine sensitivity of I Ca in mouse motor nerve terminals. J. Neurophy...
1.20 Electron Magnetic Resonance

An introduction to electron magnetic resonance (EMR) with applications in biophysical studies is presented at the level of nonspecialist or beginning graduate student. The first half of the chapter briefly introduces the resonance phenomenon, a typical EMR spectrum and its interpretation, and describes fundamental applications of electron resonance spectroscopy in free radical research, identification and characterization of metalloproteins and reaction intermediates, spin probes, and imaging. The second half of the chapter describes the magnetochemical origins of resonance spectroscopy and the steps that have led to modern EMR techniques.
Assessing the Functional Significance of Lesion-Induced Neuronal Plasticity

Publisher Summary The neurons of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) can alter their synaptic connections in response to lesions through post-lesion plasticity. This chapter discusses the question of how the functional significance of post-lesion plasticity can be analyzed, and focuses on some conceptual and experimental strategies for approaching the problem of the functional consequences of remodeling. It presents three requirements for the effective study of the cellular mechanisms of learning that can be equally applied to other behaviors: (1) defining, in complete cellular detail, the neural circuit of a behavior that is capable of being modified, (2) locating in that neural circuit the critical neurons and interconnections that have been modified by learning, and (3) analyzing the mechanisms of learning on the cellular and molecular level. It may presently be nonproductive to approach most behaviors in vertebrate systems with such a neural-mechanisms-of-behavior strategy. However, it is expected that the current strategy may be considered as an alternate approach for evaluating brain–behavior relationships, and may permit the study of components of more complex behavioral processes such as recovery of function.
A W-Band Spatial Power-Combining Amplifier Using GaN MMICs

In this paper, we describe a miniature power-combiner for monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit (MMIC) chips using spatial power-combining with cavity modes. We have designed GaN MMIC power amplifier chips for 94 GHz, and illustrate the concept of the W-Band Spatial Power Combining Amplifier (WSPCA). Using 1 Watt, 94 GHz MMIC chips in a two-way cavity mode combiner, we were able to achieve 2 Watts of output power with 9 dB gain and 15 % PAE. This technique could be extended to high power MMICs and larger numbers of chips to achieve higher output power in a compact size. Current applications include earth science radar, and may be extended to other applications requiring wider bandwidth.
Pharmacogenomics of Drugs of Abuse

Abstract Individual variability in response to drugs of abuse, risk for drug addiction, and success of addiction therapy is mediated in part by hereditary factors. Although some studies suggest that genetic influences on these processes comprise a large part of the inter-individual variability, to date there are few genes and variants definitively associated with drug use and addiction. This chapter will highlight the current understanding of pharmacogenetic variants relevant to drugs of abuse, including genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, receptors, transporters, and neurotransmitters.
Hyperspectral Compressive Structured Light for Recovering Inhomogeneous Participating Media

A low-cost 3-D hyperspectral projector was built employing a digital micromirror device for spectral and spatial modulated structured light and we demonstrate its utility in recovering multicolor inhomogeneous participating media based on compressive sensing theory.
The Bilingual Revolution: The Future of Education is in Two Languages. (2017).:

The Bilingual Revolution is a key piece in bilingual educational for both scholars and parents as it ties together learning and teaching aspirations with language ideologies and identities. Jaumont’s masterpiece engages readers in personal, political, and community stories of the country’s growing bilingual revolution and describes a systematic process recommended for parents and educational leaders who seek to create their own bilingual program. In the following sections, I summarize the main arguments of the book starting with the first chapter and ending with chapter thirteen. Then, I analyze the revolution Jaumont calls for and recaptures the book’s most important contribution: proposing a U-turn in our education to establish schooling practices that reflect the essence of our complex American identities and diverse linguistic ideologies.
Design scheme for fast charging station for electric vehicles with distributed photovoltaic power generation

Abstract The demand for fast charging is increasing owing to the rapid expansion of the market for electric vehicles. In addition, the power generation technology for distributed photovoltaic has matured. This paper presents a design scheme for a fast charging station for electric vehicles equipped with distributed photovoltaic power generation system taking the area with certain conditions in Beijing as an example construction site. The technical indexes and equipment lectotype covering the general framework and subsystems of the charging station are determined by analyzing the charging service demand of fast charging stations. In this study, the layout of the station is developed and the operation benefits of the station is analyzed. The design scheme realizes the design objective of “rationalization, modularization and intelligentization” of the fast charging station and can be used as reference for the construction of a fast charging network in urban area.
Functional, anatomical and diffusion tensor MRI study of radiology expertise.

Background Repeated practice to acquire expertise could result in the structural and functional changes in relevant brain circuits as a result of long-term potentiation, neurogenesis, glial genesis, and remodeling. Purpose The goal of this study is to use task fMRI to study the brain of expert radiologists performing a diagnosis task where a series of medical images were presented during fMRI acquisition for 12s and participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. Structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were also acquired. Methods Radiologists (N = 12, 11M, 38.2±10.3 years old) and non-radiologists (N = 17, 15M, 30.6±5.5 years old) were recruited with informed consent. Medical images were presented for 12 s and three multiple choices were displayed and the participants were asked to choose a diagnosis. fMRI, structural and diffusion-tensor MRI were acquired. fMRI analysis used FSL to determine differences in fMRI responses between groups. Voxel-wise analysis was performed to determine if subcortical volume, cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy differed between groups. Correction for multiple comparisons used false discovery rate. Results Radiologists showed overall lower task-related brain activation than non-radiologists. Radiologists showed significantly lower activation in the left lateral occipital cortex, left superior parietal lobule, occipital pole, right superior frontal and precentral gyri, lingual gyrus, and the left intraparietal sulcus (p 0.05). Conclusions Radiologists and non-radiologists had no significant difference in structural metrics. However, in diagnosis tasks, radiologists showed markedly lower task-related brain activations overall as well as a number of high-order visual and non-visual brain regions than non-radiologists. Some brain circuits appear to be uniquely associated with differential-diagnosis paradigm expertise that are not involved in simpler object-recognition cases. Improved understanding of the brain circuitry involved in acquisition of expertise might be used to design optimal training paradigms.
Influence of provider recommendations to restart vaccines after childhood cancer on caregiver intention to vaccinate.

We studied the influence of oncology and primary care provider (PCP) recommendations on caregiver intentions to restart vaccines (e.g., catch-up or boosters) after cancer treatment. We surveyed primary caregivers ages 18 or older with a child who had completed cancer treatment 3–36 months prior (N = 145) about demographics, child’s vaccination status, and healthcare factors (e.g., provider recommendations, barriers, preferences for vaccination). We compared these factors by caregiver’s intention to restart vaccines (“vaccine intention” vs. “no intent to vaccinate”) using bivariate and multivariable analyses. Caregivers were primarily ages 30–39 years (54.9%), mothers (80.6%), college graduates (44.4%), non-Hispanic (89.2%), and married (88.2%). Overall, 34.5% of caregivers did not know which vaccines their child needed. However, 65.5% of caregivers reported vaccine intention. Fewer caregivers with no intention to vaccinate believed that vaccinating their child helps protect others (85.4 vs. 99.0%, p < 0.01), that vaccines are needed when diseases are rare (83.7 vs. 100.0%, p < 0.01), and that vaccines are safe (80.4 vs. 92.6%, p = 0.03) and effective (91.5 vs. 98.9%, p = 0.04) compared with vaccine intention caregivers, respectively. Provider recommendations increased caregivers’ likelihood of vaccine intention (oncologist RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.27–2.12, p < 0.01; PCP RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.19–1.94, p < 0.01). Provider recommendations positively influence caregivers’ intention to restart vaccines after childhood cancer. Guidelines are needed to support providers in making tailored vaccine recommendations. Timely vaccination after childhood cancer protects patients against vaccine-preventable diseases during survivorship. Caregivers may benefit from discussing restarting vaccinations after cancer with healthcare providers.
A parametric analysis of oilfield design factors affecting the detectability and characterization of electrically conductive hydrofracks

ABSTRACTElectrical responses in the vicinity of energized steel-cased well sources offer significant potential for monitoring induced fractures. However, the high complexity of well-fracture-host m...
Non-Extensive Statistical Analysis of Acoustic Emissions Recorded in Marble and Cement Mortar Specimens Under Mechanical Load Until Fracture

Non-extensive statistical mechanics (NESM), which is a generalization of the traditional Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics, constitutes a theoretical and analytical tool for investigating the irreversible damage evolution processes and fracture mechanisms occurring when materials are subjected to mechanical loading. In this study, NESM is used for the analysis of the acoustic emission (AE) events recorded when marble and cement mortar specimens were subjected to mechanical loading until fracture. In total, AE data originating from four distinct loading protocols are presented. The cumulative distribution of inter-event times (time interval between two consecutive AE events) and the inter-event distances (three-dimensional Euclidian distance between the centers of successive AE events) were examined under the above concept and it was found that NESM is suitable to detect criticality under the terms of mechanical status of a material. This was conducted by evaluating the fitting results of the q-exponential function and the corresponding q-indices of Tsallis entropy qδτ and qδr, along with the parameters τδτ and dδr. Results support that qδτ+qδr≈2 for AE data recorded from marble and cement mortar specimens of this work, which is in good agreement with the conjecture previously found in seismological data and AE data recorded from Basalt specimens.
Type I Neurofibromatosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature Focused on Oral and Cutaneous Lesions.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disease whose dermatological lesions are at the forefront of its development. Cutaneous manifestations include cafe au lait spots, intertriginous freckling, and neurofibromas which appear during childhood and adolescence and are part of the clinical criteria to diagnose NF1. However, it is only recently that oral manifestations have been highlighted in many studies as frequently associated to NF1. This article aims to review oral and cutaneous manifestations related to NF1 and to report a case of a 51-year-old male with skin and oral neurofibromas related to NF1. Our patient presented with lesions on the gingiva, a rare localization that takes a hypertrophic form mimicking other various pathological conditions. Although not frequent, malignant transformation in NF1, especially regarding plexiform neurofibromas, is well established. Patients with NF1 therefore have regular follow-ups based on clinical examination, as sarcomatous transformation brings an extremely poor prognosis, recurrences and distant metastasis being common.
Scintillation Liquids Loaded with Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles for Spectral Resolution of γ Rays

Current mainstream spectroscopic scintillators for the detection of high-energy radiation are based on inorganic crystals and ceramics, which are difficult to scale up. Efforts have been made to sy...
The Digital Neurologic Examination

Digital health has been rapidly thrust into the forefront of care delivery. Poised to extend the clinician’s reach, a new set of examination tools will redefine neurologic and neurosurgical care, serving as the basis for the digital neurologic examination. We describe its components and review specific technologies, which move beyond traditional video-based telemedicine encounters and include separate digital tools. A future suite of these clinical assessment technologies will blur the lines between history taking, examination, and remote monitoring. Prior to full-scale implementation, however, much more investigation is needed. Because of the nascent state of the technologies, researchers, clinicians, and developers should establish digital neurologic examination requirements in order to maximize its impact.
Allele-specific expression links diverse cis-regulatory mutations to recurrent gene dysregulation in high-risk neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy with a high frequency of metastatic disease at initial diagnosis. Neuroblastoma tumors have few protein-coding mutations but contain extensive somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) suggesting that mutations that alter gene dosage are important drivers of tumorigenesis. Here we analyze allele-specific expression (ASE) in 96 high-risk neuroblastoma tumors to discover genes with cis-acting mutations that alter dosage. We identify 1,049 genes with recurrent, neuroblastoma-specific ASE, 68% of which lie within common SCNA regions. However, many genes exhibit ASE in copy neutral samples and are enriched for mutations that cause nonsense-mediated decay, indicating that neuroblastoma tumors select for multiple types of mutations that alter gene expression. We also find 24 genes with reduced expression in stage 4 disease that have neuroblastoma-specific ASE that is independent of SCNAs. At least two of these genes have evidence for tumor suppressor activity including the transcription factor TFAP2B and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRH. In summary, our ASE analysis discovers genes that are recurrently dysregulated by both large SCNAs and other cis-acting mutations in high-risk neuroblastoma.
Adversarial Brokerage in Residential Real Estate Transactions: The Impact of Separate Buyer Representation

Although substantial research effort has been directed to the examination of optimal search and pricing behavior under traditional brokerage arrangements, market outcomes under conditions of undisc...
The Conversion of l-Glycerol-14C 3-Phosphate into Phosphatidic Acid by a Solubilized Preparation from Rat Brain

Abstract The partial purification and certain properties of an l-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase from a solubilized fraction of rat brain is described. The principal product obtained was phosphatidic acid. Although an ammonium sulfate fraction possessed some activity, the addition of boiled, dialyzed 100,000 x g supernatant resulted in an almost 6-fold stimulation.
Physiological Studies of Methane and Methanol-Oxidizing Bacteria: Oxidation of C-1 Compounds by Methylococcus capsulatus

Methylococcus capsulatus grows only on methane or methanol as its sole source of carbon and energy. Some amino acids serve as nitrogen sources and are converted to keto acids which accumulate in the culture medium. Cell suspensions oxidize methane, methanol, formaldehyde, and formate to carbon dioxide. Other primary alcohols are oxidized only to the corresponding aldehydes. Oxidation of formate by cell suspensions is more sensitive to inhibition by cyanide than is the oxidation of other one carbon compounds. This is due to the cyanide sensitivity of a soluble nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific formate dehydrogenase. Oxidation of formaldehyde and methanol is catalyzed by a nonspecific primary alcohol dehydrogenase which is activated by ammonium ions and is independent of pyridine nucleotides. Some comparisons are made with a strain of Pseudomonas methanica.