cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tasking Teams: Supervisory Control and Task Management of Autonomous Unmanned Systems

How does one collaborate with and supervise a team? Here, we discuss a novel interface for managing tasks, developed as part of a multi-heterogeneous unmanned systems testbed, that aids cognitive operations and teaming. Existing models of team effectiveness among humans can frame cooperative teaming of computer agents and human supervisors. We use the three main characteristics of the input – process – output model to frame discussions of the task manager interface as a potential teaming facilitator, finding it should facilitate effectiveness on several elements. We conclude with the expectation of examination and support from future experiments.
Examining the Role of Demographics in Campus Crime Alerts: Implications and Recommendations

Colleges and universities are required by the Clery Act to issue crime alerts to members of the campus community. Issuing agencies have significant discretion in the timing and information included in crime alerts, including the perpetrator descriptors. The inclusion of perpetrator/suspect descriptions in the crime alert is intended to maximize public safety. Race descriptors may have negative consequences through the repetition of minority suspect information. To address the issue of demographic use in crime alerts, a mixed method approach was employed. A summary review of several years of crime alerts issued by a large urban university was conducted to assess the role of demographics. Qualitative data were collected through a series of focus groups and interviews addressing the balance of public safety and potential negative perceptions (perpetuated by crime alerts). Reviewed crime alerts indicate that they are largely posted for violent crimes, particularly robbery, armed robbery, and aggravated assaul...
Erythropoietin Stimulates Bone Formation In Vivo By Targeting Both HSCs and MSCs

Abstract Previously we showed that HSCs isolated from stressed animals (an acute bleed) regulates osteoblast (OBs) differentiation from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). This activity suggests that HSCs regulate the development of their own niche. The molecular basis for this activity is the production of BMP-2 and BMP-6 by HSCs. Yet what stimulates HSCs to produce BMPs is unknown. We hypothesized that erythropoietin (Epo) may activate HSCs to produce BMPs, or Epo directly activates BMSCs to form OBs. To test these possibilities, Epo serum levels in the bled vs. non-bleed mice were determined and found to match the time frame of HSC activation. Surprisingly, EpoR expression was identified on HSCs isolated using the SLAM-family of receptors, and its expression on HSCs increased in bled animals. In vitro stimulation with Epo activated the JAK-STAT signaling pathways, and importantly, BMP production by HSCs. To determine if Epo directly acts on BMSCs, BMSC co-cultures were established with HSCs derived from bled (B-HSC) or non-bled (NB-HSCs) animals, or treated with rhEpo alone for 14d. Differentiation along the OB lineage was evaluated for CFU-fibroblastic and osteoblastic (CFU-F, CFU-OB) formation, QRT-PCR for Runx2 (OB-specific transcription factor), bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin, or for bone mineral formation (alizarin red staining). BMSCs responded to the presence of NB-HSCs by increasing their generation of CFU-OB and CFU-F compared to no HSCs. Co-culture with B-HSCs or rhEpo treatments were significantly better able to induce CFU-OB and CFU-F differentiation of the BMSCs. QRT-PCR demonstrates that the OB-specific transcripts were increased with rhEpo or co-culture with B-HSC compared to NB-HSC or vehicle. Alizarine red staining also demonstrated an increase in mineral apposition in response to Epo or B-HSC. To directly determine if Epo stimulates bone formation in vivo, newborn mice were treated with rhEpo (1,500U-6,000U/kg, 3x/week), anabolic PTH (as a positive control) or vehicle for 4 weeks. rhEpo increased the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in a dose dependant manner. As expected, PTH increased the bone formation. rhEpo treatments enhanced OB numbers in long bone sections, and micro-CT measurements of the vertebra revealed a significant increase in bone formation parameters including bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF) and trabecular number (Tb.N.). These data for the first time demonstrate that Epo regulates the formation of the HSC niche by both direct and indirect pathways, and further demonstrates a coupling between hematopoesis and osteopoiesis in the marrow. These results also suggest that targeting the Epo/EpoR pathway may serve as a therapeutic modality to treat skeletal or mesenchymal abnormalities in humans.
CIRM 2.0

The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine was created by the voters of California in 2004 to accelerate stem cell treatments to patients with unmet medical needs. By the end of its first 10 years, the agency was funding ten projects in clinical trials, including work in heart disease and cancer, HIV/AIDS and Type 1 diabetes. The goal now is to significantly increase that number, adding another 50 clinical trial projects funded by California Institute for Regenerative Medicine over the next 5 years. How we get there may be the biggest challenge the agency has ever faced.
Semi-supervised kernel matching for domain adaptation

In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised kernel matching method to address domain adaptation problems where the source distribution substantially differs from the target distribution. Specifically, we learn a prediction function on the labeled source data while mapping the target data points to similar source data points by matching the target kernel matrix to a submatrix of the source kernel matrix based on a Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion. We formulate this simultaneous learning and mapping process as a non-convex integer optimization problem and present a local minimization procedure for its relaxed continuous form. Our empirical results show the proposed kernel matching method significantly outperforms alternative methods on the task of across domain sentiment classification.
Alternative Paradigms and the Study of Job Search Experiences

This paper empirically explores the job search experiences of university graduates in Human Resource Management (HRM) through a multiparadigmatic framework. Much of the extant job search literature...
High-stability laser using Ramsey-Bordé interferometry

We describe a system for high-performance laser stabilization using Ramsey-Borde interferometry with calcium.
Immune-Mediated and Allergic Conditions

A wide variety of immune-mediated conditions can affect the orofacial region. These range from localized immune responses, such as contact hypersensitivity, to systemic diseases with distinct and often prominent oral manifestations, such as the autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders. Oral lesions may precede the appearance of findings in other areas of the body or may represent the sole manifestation of the disease. Establishing the correct diagnosis is critical, as management strategies can vary considerably from one entity to the next. This chapter reviews the most commonly encountered immune-mediated conditions that have prominent oral manifestations, with specific guidelines for the use and interpretation of diagnostic tests and biopsy, and management strategies.
A sociohistorical view of group psychotherapy in the United States: the ideology of individualism and self-liberation.

ABSTRACTA deep strain of individualism permeates American culture, rooted in the political-economic ideology of capitalism. The ideal of a self-governing individual is promoted, independent from social, historical, and cultural forces, whose thoughts and emotions are located within the construct of a masterful self, ready to be filled and expanded. This article traces the influence of self-liberatory ideology in American group psychotherapy through the religious revivalist and Mental Hygiene movements. The “progressivism” of pioneering group theorists is examined in terms of revisionist psychology and self-liberatory practice. Psychodrama and T-groups are demonstrated to be precursors to the encounter group movement in which the belief in self-liberation reached its zenith. Early group analytic approaches are seen to eschew transpersonal and group dynamic processes.
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM workshop on Parallel and distributed systems: testing and debugging

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 5th PADTAD Parallel and Distributed Systems: Testing and Debugging -- PADTAD07. When we started PADTAD, only four years ago, it was the only workshop dedicated to the testing of concurrent and distributed software. This field is taking center stage as can be seen by the growing number of workshops that are dedicated to it or give it high visibility. The fact that PADTAD topics are of interest to the industry is indicated by our distinguished list of sponsors that includes IBM, Intel, Microsoft, and TotalView Technologies. In addition, companies like IBM, Intel and Microsoft now have dedicated groups to threading testing tools. The mission of PADTAD is to share the advances in the field of testing/debugging concurrency between the industry and the academic world. This sharing is achieved both through the almost even mix of papers from industry and universities, as well as the many attendees from both backgrounds. Our field is such that the impact of research can go both ways. The academic works go very quickly from theory to practice, and the industrial work is cutting edge and publishable. Our distinguished keynote speaker, Prof. Bill Scherlis, Director, Institute for Software Research (SCS/ISR), Carnegie Mellon University, career shows that one can get to the highest levels both in the industry and academic (as well as government agency) working on problems that addresses.
The Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cation

The fascinating behavior of cyclopropylcarbinyl derivatives in solvolytic processes and other carbonium ion transformations1 was explored in detail by J. D. Roberts and his coworkers.2 The exceptionally fast rate of solvolysis and the facile interconversions of cyclopropylcarbinyl, cyclobutyl, and allylcarbinyl derivatives led to the proposal that σ-bridged intermediates were involved. Indeed, the first use of the term “nonclassical ion,” appears to have been Roberts’ proposed tricyclobutonium structure 2 for the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation 1 3 (1).
Manipulation Using the “Utah” Prosthetic Hand: The Role of Stiffness in Manipulation

We describe our approach to the IROS “Hand-in-Hand” manipulation challenge using a simple one degree-of-freedom prehensor, which is known to be highly effective in prosthetic applications. The claw consists of two prongs of which only one is mobile, requiring the user to first make contact with the immobile prong to create a constraint and then use the second prong to exert force on the object. Despite its simplicity, this design is able to grasp a wide variety of objects and reliably manipulate them. In particular, stiffness is advantageous both when manipulating very small objects, where force needs to be applied precisely, as well as heavy ones, where forces needs to be exerted without deforming the claw itself. This approach reaches its limitations during tasks that require more degrees of freedom, for example grasping and subsequently actuating scissors. These tasks instead highlight the benefits of compliance and underactuation, stimulating a discussion about trade-offs in hand designs.
A pilot study of omalizumab to reduce the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced hypersensitivity reaction (HSR): An interim analysis.

e15555Background: : Oxaliplatin (OX) HSR occur and can limit an effective therapy in pts with GI malignancies, particularly on re-treatment. The mechanism of HSR is thought to be mediated via IgE d...
Abstract # 3110 Reward functioning following an acute bout of exercise among healthy adults

Exercise is thought to exert beneficial effects on reward functioning, as it alters neurotransmitter levels in reward-related circuits. However, there has been little investigation of the effect of exercise on reward functions in humans. We hypothesized a bout of exercise would increase motivation for and pleasurable responses to rewards in healthy adults. We also examined possible moderators of exercise’s effects. Thirty-five participants completed exercise (20 min run at 105% of lactate threshold intensity) and rest (20 min sit) sessions in a randomized, counterbalanced order. After each activity, participants completed measures of motivation for (Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task) and pleasurable responses to (International Affective Picture System Task) rewards. Exercise did not increase motivation for or pleasurable responses to rewards on average. However, there was a moderating effect of years running, as individuals who had been runners for more years showed increased motivation for rewards after exercise, while individuals with less years running showed decreases. Further, baseline heart rate variability negatively correlated with the effects of exercise on arousal. As this was not specific to picture type, it suggests a dysregulation of emotional responses after exercise in individuals with low HRV. Our results indicate that baseline characteristics may have important moderating influences on the effect of exercise on emotional functioning. Previous experience with the exercise used should be examined as a possible moderator in exercise interventions.
Determining the optimal dose of infliximab for treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa

Background Few data exist to guide infliximab dosing in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Objectives To determine optimal infliximab dosing for patients with HS based on treatment response and achievement of stable dosing. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 52 patients with HS treated with infliximab. Primary outcome was achievement of stable dosing regimen for at least 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes were time to discontinuation, time to titration, changes to inflammatory markers, and clinical response. Results Thirty-five patients (67%) achieved stable dosing, most at a schedule of 10 mg/kg every 6 or 8 weeks. At 1 year from initiation, most patients (64%) required dose escalation. Patients tolerated infliximab well and achieved significant improvements in abscess and nodule count, draining sinuses, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Limitations Retrospective nature and lack of HS clinical response data for many patients. Conclusions Infliximab 10 mg/kg every 6 or 8 weeks may be a reasonable starting dosage for most patients.
Civil Rights: Rethinking their Natural Foundation

All of us are entitled to the protections of law against violence, to a high quality education, to decent employment that respects our dignity, and to necessary assistance with our caregiving. Our civil rights are our rights to the protections of ordinary law - not constitutional law, and not only antidiscrimination law - that will ensure that we can participate in civil society, and hence lead flourishing lives. In this innovative work, Robin L. West looks back to nineteenth-century Civil Rights Acts to argue that the point of civil rights law is not only non-discrimination, but also to assure that all of us receive the protection of legal rights that promote human flourishing. Since the 1960s, Supreme Court decisions on civil rights issues have focused on non-discrimination and thus have 'hollowed out' this broader meaning of civil rights law. This book reconceives civil rights as a set of legal guarantees that all will be included in the legal, political, economic and social projects central to civil society.
Polarization Properties of High Numerical Aperture Holographic Objectives

The polarization properties of high numerical aperture holographic objectives were experimentally and theoretically investigated. A local planar grating model was combined with one-dimensional coupled wave theory to determine the full aperture s and p diffraction efficiency characteristics of this holographic optical element (HOE). To verify the modelling approach, diffraction efficiencies for s and p reconstruction waves were measured at local regions of the HOE aperture and compared to corresponding planar gratings. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical model and the measured full aperture diffraction efficiency. Results indicated that the control of polarization sensitivity, along with the high diffraction efficiency obtainable with volume holograms suggests promising applications for holographic components in magneto-optic head designs.
Guided Peer Code Reviews in CS1/CS2 and SE Curricula

Introductory programming course (CS1) generally includes students from different background - freshman or sophomore (from STEM and non-STEM majors) who struggle at learning basic programming concepts. We have implemented peer code review (PCR) in our CS1 courses and have found it to be useful pedagogical support. PCR, a quality assurance activity, requires reviewing code to find errors. PCR can help improve students’ attendance and engagement in higher education. However, there is a lack of evidence on the usefulness of PCR at improving students’ programming knowledge. The goal of this research is to gain insights on Guided (checklist) PCR and its impact on students’ learning of programming concepts. To accomplish this goal, this research will research different aspects of theory of PCR and execute experiments to evaluate PCR usefulness in CS1 classrooms. Initial results on PCR shows that it is useful at helping students understand hard-to-comprehend programming concepts and at improving their programming skills. We also found that students become progressively better at discovering programming errors and their improved performance during the code review translates to the improvement in the quality of code produced.
Not Dying Alone - Modern Compassionate Care in the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Not Dying Alone When the wife of a severely ill patient with Covid-19 is told she can’t visit him, her anger quickly gives way to pleading — “What if I only spent 5 minutes and left?” How can we ha...
Youths’ and Adults’ Identity in STEM: a Systematic Literature Review

This study presents a synthesis of the empirical research on identity across science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) published between 2000-2018. The research canvassed in this study encompasses a range of contexts and ages. A total of 202 articles were examined in order to determine how identity was emphasized and operationalized within each field and by grade/age bands, as well as the multitude of factors shaping individual’s identity within STEM. Results confirmed the complex nature of identity and the internal (e.g., confidence) and external factors (e.g., institutional norms) positively and/or negatively shaping youths’ and adults’ identity within STEM. These factors are distinguishing and perpetuating the in-group, or those who identify as a member of a STEM field, from the outgroup, or those who do not identify as a member of a STEM field. Additionally, the findings of this study highlighted identity in the field of technology, and with adult participants, as among the least investigated fields and grade/age bands respectively. Conversely, we have a more holistic picture of science and mathematics identities across age/grade bands. Other findings demonstrated an overemphasis on representational identities in comparison to identities as narratives and identities as ways of acting. The findings generated from this review serve in providing research directions concerning identity studies within the STEM field.
Keeping time in group 3 innate lymphoid cells.

Each day, the gastrointestinal tract encounters an influx of microbial and nutrient-derived signals and its physiological activities often adhere to a circadian rhythm. As such, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that reside in the intestinal mucosa must function within a highly dynamic environment. In this Progress article, we highlight a series of recent reports that have characterized the circadian clock in ILC3s. We discuss how these studies have illustrated the roles of environmental cues and clock genes in regulating ILC3 biology and consider the implications for intestinal immunity. In this Progress article, Wang and Colonna highlight a flurry of recent reports that have shaped our understanding of how environmental cues and clock genes regulate group 3 innate lymphoid cells. They consider the implications of these findings for intestinal immunity.
Experiences of peer support specialists supervised by nonpeer supervisors.

OBJECTIVE This article reports on a qualitative study examining the experiences of peer support specialists (PSS) supervised by nonpeer supervisors (NPS) in adult community mental health settings. METHOD Potential participants completed a demographic survey designed to address inclusionary criteria. From those eligible, a random number generator selected participants to be interviewed using a semistructured interview guide. The critical incident technique was used to elicit memorable experiences of supervision. Data were analyzed thematically. Twenty interviews were completed before saturation was reached. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed eight major themes including supervisor attitudes, role integration, trauma-informed supervisory techniques, facilitative/supportive environment, perspective-taking, mutual learning, opportunities for peer networking, and the desire for a supervisor who was a more experienced peer support worker. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE PSS are integrating into a mental health service system transitioning from a medical model to a recovery-oriented model of care. NPS are the necessary guides who assist the PSS in navigating a system not yet aligned with peer values. If the mental health system is going to successfully become recovery oriented, NPS need a unique skill set to support those with lived experience whose recovery can help point the way. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Our Human-Centeredness Is Killing Us: A Case for Indigenizing Diversity Education

This chapter offers foundational considerations for recognizing the important nexus between environmental education, diversity education, and the absence of critical reflection on the differences between Indigenous and dominant worldviews. Its primary focus is on the problem of anthropocentrism, using philosophical, spiritual (worldview), education, and policy orientations that reflect its influence. The goal is to emphasize how it is a foundational cause for disrespecting biodiversity as well as, ironically, diversity among human beings. We submit that prejudice begins with ignoring, dismissing, or sidestepping Indigenous worldview perspectives in education relating to emphasis on respect for all sentient beings and the belief that most everything can be seen as sentient. This critique includes progressive educational movements such as critical pedagogy and holistic education where boundaried relationships between human and other-than-human entities are taken for granted and humans are understood to be separate from nature. Part One offers examples of the wide philosophical support for a human-centered world from ancient to contemporary philosophers. Part Two describes nonanthropocentric assumptions that exist as outliers in the world, especially those still embraced by traditional Indigenous cultures, which stem from how we lived for most of human history and how it is being dismissed or worse in mainstream living. The third section speculates what educators can do to bring forth nonanthropocentrism education in schools and on how leaders versed in such education might implement real-life policies accordingly.
Assessment of regional and global right ventricular systolic function in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

Background Echo assessment of right ventricular function is difficult due to its complex geometry and regional differences in wall motion. In patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot, cardiac MRI is the gold standard for assessment of right ventricular function. There is scant data regarding the correlation of echo measures of right ventricular function with cardiac MRI right ventricular function in the paediatric population. Methods Echocardiographic measures of regional and global right ventricular function were reviewed in 56 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and 27 patients with structurally normal hearts. These measures were compared to global right ventricular ejection fraction by cardiac MRI. Results Despite having the same right ventricular ejection fraction by cardiac MRI as normal controls, patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot had significantly worse global and regional echocardiographic measures of right ventricular function. Right ventricular fractional area change and fractional shortening of the right ventricular outflow tract correlated best with global right ventricular function by MRI. Incorporation of these measures into a regression model allowed accurate prediction of global right ventricular function by cardiac MRI. Conclusion Children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot have abnormal regional and global right ventricular function compared to patients with normal hearts. Despite the presence of patch material, the right ventricular outflow tract significantly contributes to global right ventricular function by cardiac MRI. When incorporated into a model that includes regional and global echocardiographic measures of right ventricular function, right ventricular outflow tract fractional shortening helps predict global right ventricular function by MRI.
Societies within peace systems avoid war and build positive intergroup relationships

A comparative anthropological perspective reveals not only that some human societies do not engage in war, but also that peaceful social systems exist. Peace systems are defined as clusters of neighbouring societies that do not make war with each other. The mere existence of peace systems is important because it demonstrates that creating peaceful intergroup relationships is possible whether the social units are tribal societies, nations, or actors within a regional system. Peace systems have received scant scientific attention despite holding potentially useful knowledge and principles about how to successfully cooperate to keep the peace. Thus, the mechanisms through which peace systems maintain peaceful relationships are largely unknown. It is also unknown to what degree peace systems may differ from other types of social systems. This study shows that certain factors hypothesised to contribute to intergroup peace are more developed within peace systems than elsewhere. A sample consisting of peace systems scored significantly higher than a comparison group regarding overarching common identity; positive social interconnectedness; interdependence; non-warring values and norms; non-warring myths, rituals, and symbols; and peace leadership. Additionally, a machine learning analysis found non-warring norms, rituals, and values to have the greatest relative importance for a peace system outcome. These results have policy implications for how to promote and sustain peace, cohesion, and cooperation among neighbouring societies in various social contexts, including among nations. For example, the purposeful promotion of peace system features may facilitate the international cooperation necessary to address interwoven global challenges such as global pandemics, oceanic pollution, loss of biodiversity, nuclear proliferation, and climate change.
My Evolution with Endoscopic Brow-Lift Surgery

The endoscopic approach for forehead rejuvenation and brow lift has many advantages. It provided excellent exposure for release of periorbital soft tissues combined with endoscopic magnification, shorter scars, and reduced risk of alopecia and scalp sensory changes compared with the traditional open coronal brow lift. The technique has improved over the last 15 years with better fixation devices, a better understanding of the longevity, and decreased complications of the procedure. The endoscopic brow lift offers the patient a much easier and safer solution for the aging forehead, active wrinkles from corrugator and frontalis hyperactivity, and the ptotic, asymmetric brow.
Prediction of Fatality Crashes with Multilayer Perceptron of Crash Record Information System Datasets

Despite the effort of the authorities and researchers, there has been no sign of decreasing in the number of fatal crashes annually. To analyze the deadly collisions, researchers have focused on finding which factors affect injury severity, and thus many crash prediction models for it had been developed. Commonly the injury severity is categorized into five different classes. Still, in many studies, minority classes like fatality and incapacitating injury were merged so that the dataset becomes balanced, and the model can provide decent predictions. However, this approach does not help analyze the fatal crashes as they are joined with other types of injury. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a multilayer perceptron model for binary classification of crash fatality. The model was proved to be able to handle heavily imbalanced datasets while providing decent performance. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the input of the model to estimate the importance of crash-related factors.
Accuracy of reporting estimated blood loss in open repair of pelvic and acetabular fractures

Background: Pelvic injuries after blunt trauma are often repaired with open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF), often resulting in high blood loss. We compare calculations of estimated perioperative blood loss (EPBL) against reported intraoperative blood loss (RIBL) by visual estimation to evaluate their accuracy during ORIF for pelvic fractures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a Level 1 trauma center. 142 patients requiring ORIF of acetabular and/or pelvic ring fracture between ages 18 to 89 years from 3/1/2017 to 2/28/2019 were included. EPBL was calculated by Gross Method. Statistical analyses were conducted using R statistical software. Medians and inter-quartile ranges were used to summarize variables. A two-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed. The agreement and reproducibility of RIBL and EPBL were examined with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Median RIBL was 450 mL [250, 800], while median EPBL was 2142 mL [1213, 3607]. The median difference was -1692 mL (p<0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed consistent under-reporting in RIBL versus EPBL. A proportional bias (p<0.001), indicated that the level of bias was not constant between levels of blood loss. The CCC between RIBL and EPBL was 0.076 [-0.016, 0.167]. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was 0.213 (p=0.011). RIBL and EPBL had a weak positive correlation. Discussion: Blood loss during ORIF calculated by EPBL was significantly higher than RIBL. Our results suggest that blood loss reporting may be inaccurate in ORIF of pelvic fractures. These findings necessitate formulation of an accurate method permitting proper blood loss reporting. Keywords: postoperative blood loss; surgical blood loss; orthopedic surgery; estimation techniques
Formic Acid, Ethanol in Vycor Glass, and Water in Aluminosilicate Zeolites

We present the results of incoherent inelastic neutron-scattering experiments on formic acid, ethanol in vycor glass, and water in aluminosilicate zeolites performed at Argonne’s spallation neutron source, IPNS. The forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds are discussed in terms of translational and rotational diffusion, and vibrational footprints of various molecular species in these systems.
On the approximation power of bivariate splines

We show how to construct stable quasi-interpolation schemes in the bivariate spline spaces S d r (Δ) with d⩾ 3r + 2 which achieve optimal approximation order. In addition to treating the usual max norm, we also give results in the L p norms, and show that the methods also approximate derivatives to optimal order. We pay special attention to the approximation constants, and show that they depend only on the smallest angle in the underlying triangulation and the nature of the boundary of the domain.
A lab-on-a-chip simulation framework

A Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) miniaturizes and integrates chemical synthesis and analysis capabilities onto a microchip structure. Since LoCs are both physically and chemically complex, a fast, accurate simulation methodology is required for design. Here we present an efficient, configurable LoC simulation framework that can be readily incorporated within design automation and synthesis methods. We compare our simulator to a general computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool using a LoC design benchmark. Our simulator results in less than 5% error and over 3 orders of magnitude speedup. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach by redesigning an experimentally generated design from the literature -xb[1].
Risk Factors for Rape, Physical Assault, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women: Examination of Differential Multivariate Relationships

The National Women's Study, a 2-year, three-wave longitudinal investigation, employed a national probability sample of 3,006 adult women to: (a) identify separate risk factors for rape and physical assault, and (b) identify separate risk factors associated with post-rape posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-physical assault PTSD. This investigation differed from previous studies in that it prospectively examined risk factors at the multivariate, as opposed to univariate level. Overall, past victimization, young age, and a diagnosis of active PTSD increased women's risk of being raped. By contrast, past victimization, minority ethnic status, active depression, and drug use were associated with increased risk of being physically assaulted. Risk factors for PTSD following rape included a history of depression, alcohol abuse, or experienced injury during the rape. However, risk factors for PTSD following physical assault included only a history of depression and lower education.
Secure group communication in wireless sensor networks

In this paper we address the issues of forming secure multicast group within wireless sensor networks. We describe a protocol that establishes a secure multicast group, and distributes a group key by mutually authenticating a group of devices over an open insecure wireless channel. We choose a conference keying mechanism and extend it with symmetric authentication protocols and a key hierarchy on which group key could be distributed efficiently. We address two problems in this work. Firstly, the formation of secure groups in sensor network with a low communication complexity, secondly, provides an efficient solution to maintain such multicast group.
Thought Self‐leadership: Finding Spiritual Fulfilment in Organizational Life

Offers a number of insights into the nature of spirituality in organizations and how employees can gain greater spirituality and purpose in their work. Specifically, proposes that a recent leadership theory, thought self‐leadership, can assist employees in influencing or leading themselves towards experiencing more spirituality in their organizational life.
V(D)J recombination: mechanism and consequences

V(D)J recombination is responsible for assembling the functional immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes in cells of the immune system. This specialized DNA rearrangement is initiated by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins, lymphoid-specific factors which collaborate to make double-strand breaks at specific sites that flank segments of coding sequence. During breakage, the ends of the coding DNA are converted to DNA hairpins. Joining of the broken ends is then carried out by the non-homologous end-joining pathway, after the hairpin ends are cut open by the Artemis protein. The RAG1/2 complex can also carry out transpositional recombination, a reaction that helps to explain how the RAG proteins work, and supports previous suggestions that V(D)J recombination evolved from a mobile DNA.
Molecular basis of inner ear induction.

Abstract The induction of the vertebrate inner ear is a complex developmental process that has been under investigation for decades. The traditional tools of embryology used in most of these studies have provided a wealth of information on the subject; however, they are generally limited in focus to morphological features. Recent advances in molecular biology have provided the opportunity to study inner ear induction in ways not possible in previous years. The capacity for visualizing and manipulating gene expression in combination with more traditional embryological techniques has changed the focus of inner ear induction from morphology to changes in gene expression. This chapter provides a critical review of recent studies relating to the molecular induction of the inner ear. A major theme to emerge from these studies is the dependence of inner ear induction on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. The source(s) of these FGF signals is still not entirely clear, though the available data are consistent with a mesodermal and⧸or hindbrain origin as has been long proposed. Numerous early otic marker genes have been identified as well, and their conservation in ear induction is quite clear. Functional data regarding these genes are still largely incomplete, although a role for several of these genes in zebrafish inner ear induction has been demonstrated. As a whole, these studies have made exciting and provocative contributions to the field, thus creating a more complete and precise picture of inner ear induction.
Classical vs quantum noise in the start-up of free-electron lasers

Whereas the regime of stimulated emission is safely classical for all existing and almost all proposed free-electron lasers (FEL’s), there is still some controversy as to the significance of quantum-mechanical vacuum- field fluctuations during the start-up, i.e., in particular in spontaneous emission. Also, there is no general agreement whether the initial fluctuations of the laser field intensity should be attributed to the stochastic character of spontaneous emission or to shot-noise fluctuations in the electron current, or, more precisely, which mechanism is dominant under which conditions.1
Locally Adaptive Remeshing Scheme for Calculating Fluid Instabilities

LAM is a two dimensional Eulerian hydro code with local adaption that uses a Van Leer limiter, artificial viscosity, and a staggered mesh (Crowley 1992). It differs from the Goduonov schemes used elsewhere (Colella and Graz 1985), but this formulation makes it easier to introduce additional physics to the code. Two distinct advantages of the present code are a conformal quadrilateral mesh option and a grow capability. The code is presently being extended to three dimensions.
A Pilot Study Measuring the Distribution and Permeability of a Vaginal HIV Microbicide Gel Vehicle Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography, and a Radiolabeled Small Molecule

Abstract Vaginal microbicide gels containing tenofovir have proven effective in HIV prevention, offering the advantage of reduced systemic toxicity. We studied the vaginal distribution and effect on mucosal permeability of a gel vehicle. Six premenopausal women were enrolled. In Phase 1, a spreading gel containing 99mtechnetium-DTPA (99mTc) radiolabel and gadolinium contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was dosed intravaginally. MRI was obtained at 0.5, 4, and 24 h, and single photon emission computed tomography with conventional computed tomography (SPECT/CT) at 1.5, 5, and 25 h postdosing. Pads and tissues were measured for activity to determine gel loss. In Phase 2, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), containing 99mTc-DTPA, was dosed as a permeability control; permeability was measured in blood and urine for both phases. SPECT/CT showed the distribution of spreading gel throughout the vagina with the highest concentration of radiosignal in the fornices and ectocervix; signal intensity diminished over 25 h. MRI ...
A crystal plasticity based methodology for fatigue crack initiation life prediction in polycrystalline copper

Fatigue failure is the dominant mechanism that governs the failure of components and structures in many engineering applications. In conventional engineering applications due to the design specifications, a significant proportion of the fatigue life is spent in the crack initiation phase. In spite of the large number of works addressing fatigue life modelling, the problem of modelling crack initiation life still remains a major challenge in the scientific and engineering community. In the present work, we present a methodology for estimating fatigue crack initiation life using macroscale loading conditions and the microstructural phenomenon causing crack initiation. Microstructure sensitive modelling is used for predicting potential crack initiation life by employing randomly generated representative microstructures. The microstructural parameters contributing to crack initiation life are identified and accounted for by computing lattice level energy dissipation during fatigue crack initiation. This model is coupled with experimental results to improve the predictive capabilities and identification of potentially damaging weak points in the microstructures. The estimated values for crack initiation life were found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed values of initiation life. The results have shown that this kind of approach could be successfully used to predict crack initiation life in polycrystalline materials. This work successfully provides an approach for estimating crack initiation life based upon numerical computations accounting for the microstructural phenomenon.
Topological 1-soliton solution of the Biswas–Milovic equation with power law nonlinearity

Abstract This paper studies the topological or dark solitons due to the Biswas–Milovic equation with power law nonlinearity. The coefficients of the dispersion and nonlinearity terms are time dependent. The damping (gain) term with time-dependent coefficient is also taken into consideration. The solitary wave ansatz is used to carry out the integration. The only requirement is that the coefficient of the damping term is Riemann integrable.
Optimization and limitations of systemic treatment of murine melanoma metastases with liposomes containing muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine.

The purpose of these studies was to determine the optimal conditions and limitations for the eradication of spontaneous melanoma metastases by the systemic administration of liposomes containing MTP-PE. Mice whose primary melanoma had been excised were given i.v. injections of liposomes at various schedules. Optimal treatment was achieved by twice weekly administration for 4 weeks (eight i.v. injections). Bioassays failed to reveal the presence of melanoma cells in lungs of mice surviving to day 250 of the experiment. The success of liposome treatment of metastases diminished when the first i. v. injection of liposomes-MTP-PE commenced on day 10 after surgical excision of the local melanoma, as compared with day 3 or day 7 after surgery. We conclude that the major limitation for macrophage-mediated destruction of metastases is the number of tumor cells in the lesions. Because of this limitation, it is unlikely that the systemic activation of macrophages could be used as a single modality for treatment of advanced metastases.
Body image in women before and after reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse.

Introduction and hypothesis This study seeks to determine the impact of prolapse surgery on body image in women with pelvic organ prolapse.
The thermal regime in salt marsh peat at Barnstable, Massachusetts

The major features of the thermal regime in the peat of a salt marsh at Barnstable, Massachusetts, are described by the theory of heat flow in a homogeneous noncon-vective medium subjected to an annual sinusoidal change in temperature having an amplitude of 12°C at the surface. The thermal diffusivity of the peat is 1.57 × 10 −3 cm 2 sec −1 . Departures, attributed to meteorological effects, consist of a long term trend during the two-year period of observation, which may be approximated by a biennial sinusoidal component of 1°C amplitude, and of somewhat irregular perturbations occurring at intervals of about three months. The average effects attributed to the latter attenuate with depth at the rate expected for a component of one quarter year period. In the deeper layers of peat residuals remain after these components are eliminated from the observed data which are accounted for by the movement of ground water from the upland, a condition evidenced by the low chloride content of the peat at these depths. The mean temperature of the peat increases downward at a rate which indicates, when combined with the thermal diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity, that heat is moving upward through the peat layer at an average rate of 1.58 × 10 −6 cal. cm −2 sec −1 . This value agrees with previous determinations of the geothermal heat flux. The march of temperature at the marsh surface agrees closely in amplitude and epoch with that of the air over the upland. The mean temperature of the marsh is 0.9° cooler than the air, an effect attributed to evaporation. The effect of spring tides which flood the marsh is examined and it is concluded that the principal effect is to keep the peat moist and thus increase evaporation. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1965.tb01416.x
A mechanistic explanation for the SO2 oxidation rate data of a Cs/V catalyst at high pressures and conversions

The six-step Boreskov reaction mechanism gives a good explanation of recent Cs/V catalyst kinetic data. The high pressures of oxygen and sulfur trioxide during reaction were shown to cause a low activation energy between 360–400°C for the Cs/V catalyst.
Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor function in psychiatric disorders

Abstract The inhibitory effects of norepinephrine (NE) on the cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) response to prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ), a measure of α 2 -adrenergic receptor function, have been compared in platelets from drug-free schizophrenic patients, depressive patients, and normal controls. The absolute value of the inhibition by NE of the cAMP response to PGE 1 was smaller in platelets from schizophrenic and depressive patients than in controls. However, this result was secondary to the smaller baseline platelet cAMP response to PGE 1 in patients with these disorders. Effects of NE on cAMP production did not discriminate between actively ill and remitted patients with either schizophrenia or depression. Platelet α 2 -receptor sensitivity, as measured by the effects of NE on cAMP production, does not appear to be altered in these psychiatric disorders.
Decay susceptibility of wood in defoliated fir trees related to changing physical, chemical, and biological properties

Studies of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wood from balsam fir trees indicated that as cambial electrical resistance increased in defoliated trees, the susceptibility of wood to decay appeared to increase. Increased susceptibility of wood to decay was associated with decreasing electrical resistance of wood as the tree lost its capacity to compartmentalize decaying wood.
13CH satellite spectra of partially deuterated monosubstituted benzenes

Abstract 13CH coupling constants were determined in partially deuterated mono-ubstituted benzenes (C6H5X, X = NH2, NO2, F, Cl, Br, I) from the satellites of the PMR spectra. The coupling constants in the CH unit para to the substituent (JCHp) were found to be relatively insensitive to substitution. The coupling constants in the CH units meta and ortho to the substituent (JCHm, JCHo) showed a considerable spread of values and could be related to Hammett substituent parameters in reasonable qualitative agreement with theory. The assumption of additivity of 13CH coupling constants in polysubstituted benzenes was examined in terms of previously published results.