cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sorting single satellite cells from individual myofibers reveals heterogeneity in cell-surface markers and myogenic capacity

Traditional cell-screening techniques such as FACS and MACS are better suited for large numbers of cells isolated from bulk tissue and cannot easily screen stem or progenitor cells from minute populations found in their physiological niches. Furthermore, these techniques rely upon irreversible antibody binding, potentially altering cell properties, including gene expression and regenerative capacity. To address these challenges, we have developed a novel, label-free stem-cell analysis and sorting platform capable of quantifying cell-surface marker expression of single functional organ stem cells directly isolated from their micro-anatomical niche. Using our unique platform, we have discovered a remarkable heterogeneity in both the regenerative capacity and expression of CXCR4, β1-integrin, Sca-1, M-cadherin, Syndecan-4, and Notch-1 in freshly isolated muscle stem (satellite) cells residing on different, single myofibers and have identified a small population of Sca-1+/Myf5+ myogenic satellite cells. Our results demonstrate the utility of our single-cell platform for uncovering and functionally characterizing stem-cell heterogeneity in the organ microniche.
On Homans' Psychological Reductionism*

George Homans' numerous claims that sociological propositions could be reduced to psychological propositions are examined in terms of the various ways Homans has used the word “reduction” and in terms of the development of Homans' reductionist position over the course of his career. Attempts to answer Homans” reductionism are reviewed and Homans” challenge to his critics is presented. A general sociological proposition is then presented as an answer to Homans' reductionism and to his challenge. It is then shown that the sociological proposition is not less general than psychological propositions, cannot be deduced from psychological propositions, and cannot be analyzed without residue into the behavior of individual men. It is shown that psychological variables may be used as independent or intervening variables in such a proposition but that such an inclusion of psychological variables would not constitute psychological reduction. Some implications of a distinctive sociology are then discussed.
SELECTED CULTURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG LATINO WOMEN

Background In the United States, Latinos are the largest ethnic group after non-Hispanic whites. Latinos currently represent 15% of the U.S. population and their numbers are growing in nontraditional areas. Latino women (Latinas) disproportionately experience chronic disease risk factors and report low levels of leisure time physical activity. This study examined cultural factors associated with leisure time physical activity among Latinas living in a new Latino destination in northeastern New York. Methods Community-based participatory research, a collaborative approach in which community members are equitably and actively involved in the research process, was employed for this study. The Latina Health Survey was administered in Spanish and English to 289 Latina adults through snowball sampling. Results Women reported that their national origin was predominantly Puerto Rican (58.7%) or Dominican (18.2%). Only 6.6% of women met American College of Sports Medicine's physical activity recommendations of exercising 5 days a week; 25% participated in physical activity two or more times per week. Acculturation and religious service attendance at least once a week was positively associated and fast food consumption one or more times a week was negatively associated with physical activity. Discussion This study implicates the need for physical activity promotion efforts among Latinas who are culturally responsive and that address fast food consumption. In addition to acculturation, other, more specific cultural factors need to be examined to understand physical activity correlates among Latinas. Research among Latinas living in new Latino destinations is important for understanding behavior and tailoring health interventions among Latinos living in nontraditional areas.
Small Business Ownership in Illinois: The Effect of Gender and Location on Entrepreneurial Success

Forty percent of all firms in the United States are owned and operated by women. At current growth rates, women could own 50% of the nation's businesses by the turn of the century. Women have been prompted to start their businesses for many reasons, including the desire to avoid gender-based discrimination in the workplace. But female entrepreneurs who venture out on their own must still contend with gender discrimination. This study examines female entrepreneurship in Illinois through rural versus urban comparisons of male and female business owners. We surveyed 4,200 business owners to test the hypothesis that gender and geographic location combined to hinder the entrepreneurial success of women. Business owners were asked about personal attributes including gender, work experience, education, training, and prior career status. Entrepreneurs were also asked about firm characteristics such as financing sources, number of employees, revenues, problems encountered during startup, sector of new firm, geogra...
Raceblindness in Mexico: Implications for Teacher Education in the United States.

The demographic make‐up of US public schools indicates an increasing divergence between the racial background of teachers and that of their students: Whites represent approximately 90% of all public school teachers whereas 40% of students are of color. Further complicating the situation is the fact that many of the students of color are first‐generation immigrants. The US education system is struggling to adapt to the changing nature of America’s classrooms. Many have pointed out how the US educational system has become dysfunctional, especially for children who are not part of the linguistic and racial mainstream. Some scholars blame an inconsistency between the racial frames held by White teachers and those embraced by their students of color. It is argued that Whites are oftentimes colorblind whereas students of color are usually color conscious. However, this assumption may not hold for first‐generation immigrants who bring their racial discourses from their home countries. For example, Mexican immigr...
Water saturation estimation using Support Vector Machine

Summary Low saturation gas and commercial gas have similar amplitude responses at shallow water reservoir (less than 2000 m), because a small amount of gas can dramatically reduce the bulk modulus of the gas-water mixture. Increasing the depth of reservoir, the bulk modulus of gas increase gradually. Gas saturation can be significant to affect bulk modulus of gas-water mixture. This improves the chances to discriminate low saturation gas from commercial gas with seismic data. Using a water saturation curve calculated from density and resistivity logs of a gas well at the Gulf of Mexico, we trained an e-insensitive Support Vector Machine (SVM) to regress the water saturation from seismic data. Validations of SVM regression on the gas reservoir and a prospect of low saturation gas suggest that it is possible to distinguish between commercial gas and low saturation gas at deep water reservoirs.
Variation of the Shubnikov-de Haas amplitudes with ionic scattering in silicon inversion layers

The Shubnikov-de Haas effect has been measured in silicon inversion layers as a function of temperature, carrier density, and oxide charge density. The dependence on oxide charge density provides a critical test of the theory of ionic scattering in the Shubnikov-de Haas effect. The data are found to be in excellent agreement with theory. The temperature dependence permits the study of electron effectie masses. We give a more detailed account of the dependence of the electron effective mass on ionic scattering and the effective mass extrapolated to zero ionic scattering.
Transpositions of Modulator in Maize into Divided and Undivided Chromosome Segments

VARIEGATED pericarp , a highly unstable allele in maize, comprises two distinct and separable components, symbolized as Prr and Mp. The Prr gene which, when unaccompanied locally by Mp, conditions uniformly pigmented (self-coloured) pericarp and cob is fixed in position at the P locus in the short arm of chromosome 1. In contrast, modulator (Mp) is an element which is transposable independently in somatic cells from this position to a wide variety of other chromosome sites, and preferentially to those nearby. Mp, when immediately associated at the P locus with Prr, suppresses pigment-producing action of the latter, giving colourless pericarp and cob. The composite, variegatod pericarp phenotype is the outcome of numerous Mp transpositions during ear development, resulting in Prr expression in the form of irregularly distributed coloured pericarp sectors of various sizes on a colourless background1,2.
Radiation patterns in far field from two H-plane coupled rectangular microstrip antennas

Numerically determined far-field radiation patterns are found for H-plane mutual coupling between two rectangular microstrip antennas. A simple closed-form radiation model is used in the analysis.
Failure to transfer sensitivity to skin homografts by means of 'immune' lymphoid cells in diffusion chambers.

ALTHOUGH there has been a considerable number of reports dealing with the susceptibility of dissociated cellular homografts of many tissues, notably those derived from the lymphohaematopoietic system, to humoral isoantibodies1, the majority of attempts to demonstrate that humoral factors play any significant part in the destruction of skin and other solid tissue homografts have failed2. Indeed, most of the available evidence sustains the premise that a ‘cellular’ immunity is involved and that the demise of a homograft is causally related to its characteristic infiltration by mononuclear cells.
Materials science: Deformation of the ultra-strong.

In situ electron microscopy observations of the extrusion of single nanocrystals from graphitic cages show that these crystals deform near their theoretical strength limits. The question is how this happens.
Point Splitting Regularization in a Supersymmetric Gauge Field Theory

Abstract Point splitting regularization is discussed in a supersymmetric Yang-Mills field theory. A supersymmetry and gauge invariant point-split supercurrent operator, along with the point-split lagrangian density, is constructed. A superconformal anomaly is computed.
Toward a Science of Security Analysis

This analysis of the application of science to the processes and conclusions of security analysis contains a brief survey of the field, a discussion of the questions being raised that are left for the future to answer, and a few constructive ideas that may assist researchers. The tasks of security analysis can be divided into four categories: selection of safe securities, selection of undervalued securities, selection of growth securities, and selection of "near-term opportunities." For each category, the article raises the questions: How scientific are the methods in this area now, how scientific can they be, and what needs to be done? Security analysis is at the stage now that it needs to (1) collect the studies and recommendations of numerous analysts, (2) classify them in accordance with their objectives (perhaps the four categories of task), and (3) evaluate their accuracy and success. The purpose is to find out which methods are sound and which fail to meet the test of experience. Eventually, the pr...
Behavioral response of dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria to different electron acceptors

The response behavior of three dissimilatory perchlorate-reducing bacteria to different electron acceptors (nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate) was investigated with two different assays. The observed response was species-specific, dependent on the prior growth conditions, and was inhibited by oxygen. We observed attraction toward nitrate when Dechloromonas aromatica strain RCB and Azospira suillum strain PS were grown with nitrate. When D. aromatica and Dechloromonas agitata strain CKB were grown with perchlorate, both responded to nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate. When A. suillum was grown with perchlorate, the organism responded to chlorate and perchlorate but not nitrate. A gene replacement mutant in the perchlorate reductase subunit (pcrA) of D. aromatica resulted in a loss of the attraction response toward perchlorate but had no impact on the nitrate response. Washed-cell suspension studies revealed that the perchlorate grown cells of D. aromatica reduced both perchlorate and nitrate, while A. suillum cells reduced perchlorate only. Based on these observations, energy taxis was proposed as the underlying mechanism for the responses to (per)chlorate by D. aromatica. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of the response behavior of perchlorate-reducing bacteria to environmental stimuli. It clearly demonstrates attraction toward chlorine oxyanions and the unique ability of these organisms to distinguish structurally analogous compounds, nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate and respond accordingly.
Chinese white‐collar workers and multilingual creativity in the diaspora

: The nearly universal requirement of English study in colleges has afforded the language an unprecedented institutional status and given rise to an increasingly large English-literate public in the Expanding Circle countries. Adopting the lens of domestic diaspora, the present study explores Chinese white-collar workers' multilingual creativity when they seek to represent themselves as a distinct social form and to articulate their diasporic consciousness on an electronic bulletin board. Using thematic and rhetorical analysis, the study reveals not only patterns of social and personal behaviors of the new Chinese workforce but also the symbolic strategies that they develop to achieve agency. Rather than confining themselves to bilingual resources, white-collar workers actively utilize resources from multiple languages (such as Standard English, Standard Mandarin, Chinese regional dialects, and Internet language), and the multimodal functions of the digital technologies. Their idiosyncratic, fluid use of English defies the time-honored scholarly view of China English as a discrete formal linguistic system.
Revisiting Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Current Concepts and Progress

Originally regarded as a rare affliction notable for its distinctive evolution to "bronze diabetes," hereditary hemochromatosis is now recognized as the most common genetic disorder in populations of European ancestry. Recent advances in our understanding of iron metabolism, the identification of the gene responsible for hemochromatosis, and large epidemiologic studies have changed the diagnostic approach toward patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and other forms of iron overload. This article reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic testing, and management of hemochromatosis for the primary care provider.
P3A-1 Directional Fusion-based Multi-Volume Rendering Technique for 3D Color Doppler Imaging

We present a new multi-volume rendering technique (i.e., directional fusion) to integrate 3D anatomical structure from B-mode imaging with flow information from color Doppler imaging. In this technique, negative and positive flows are separated and independently rendered, and then these two rendered frames are merged with the rendered B-mode frame using alpha blending to generate a final 3D color Doppler image. Due to its independent rendering in separately handling negative and positive flows, this directional fusion method can preserve the directionality in the flow, unlike the conventional multi-volume rendering method where two directional flows are rendered together. To evaluate the feasibility of directional fusion, we have implemented the proposed rendering technique on a programmable ultrasound machine with four digital signal processors running at 450 MHz. For 128 times 128 times 128 B-mode and color Doppler volumes, the proposed method takes 141 ms, which corresponds to 7.1 volumes/s. In addition, we have evaluated the proposed directional fusion-based multi-volume technique on in vivo liver data acquired using a commercial ultrasound machine (i.e., EUB-8500, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Japan). The proposed fusion technique can clearly visualize the fused tissue structures and vascularity while preserving directionality in the flow. These preliminary results indicate that although it takes more computation due to the additional rendering pipeline, it can still be implemented in real time on modern ultrasound systems with 3D imaging capability while providing improved vascularity and tissue structure visualization
Uncertainties in modeling low probability/high consequence events: application to population projections and models of sea-level rise

The authors present a simple method for estimating uncertainty in modeling and forecasts based on an analysis of errors in old measurements and projections. They develop an empirical method of quantifying the uncertainty in a time-series of historical forecasts for which the actual values are now known. Probabilities of large deviations are parametrized by an exponential function with one free parameter. This formulation is illustrated by quantifying uncertainties in national population projections and by estimating the probability of extreme sea-level rise resulting from global warming. >
Central Banking and the Economics of Information

Advances in the economic management of information have worked pervasive change throughout the world economy and its financial system. With respect to one kind of advance, embodied in electronic computing and communications, this change has been highly visible. Another kind of advance, in the design of institutions to function well in private-information environments, has been equally significant. In this paper, I examine how both types of advance affect a key sector of the financial system: central banking. This examination focuses on three areas: Implications of innovation induced by information technology in payment arrangements for monetary policy objectives; Operational and design requirements for electronic information systems to ensure the integrity and security of the financial system (including central bank settlement of large-value payments); and Meaning of, and requirements for, transparency of central bank decision-making.
Seismic Design Guidelines for Substation Facilities

This paper discusses one utility's seismic design guidelines for assuring continuity of service at substation facilities during and after future earthquakes. Presented is an aggregate analysis of a five-year research and development program conducted by the Southern California Edison Company (SCE) in order to determine the seismic properties and withstand capability of critical substation components. The most significant aspect of these seismic design procedures is the incorporation of cost/risk considerations early in the design effort.
Singularity Issues in Fixture Fault Diagnosis for Multi-Station Assembly Processes

This paper presents a method of diagnosing variance components of process error sources in singular manufacturing systems. The singularity problem is studied and the cause examined in the context of fixture error diagnosis in multi-station assembly processes. The singularity problem results in nondiagnosable fixture errors when standard least-squares (LS) estimation methods are used. This paper suggests a reformulation of the original error propagation model into a covariance relation. The LS criterion is then applied directly to the sample covariance matrix to estimate the variance components. Diagnosability conditions for this variance LS estimator are derived, and it is demonstrated that certain singular systems that are not diagnosable using traditional LS methods become diagnosable with the variance LS estimator. Modified versions that improve the accuracy of the variance LS estimator are also presented. The various procedures are thoroughly contrasted, in terms of accuracy and diagnosability. The results are illustrated with examples from panel assembly, although the application of the approach and the conclusions extend to more general discrete-part manufacturing processes where fixtures are used to ensure dimensional accuracy of the final product. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1644549#
Dielectric relaxation in poly(ethylene oxide) complexed with alkali metal perchlorates

Abstract Audio frequency complex admittance measurements over the temperature range 5.5–350 K have been performed on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with lithium and sodium perchlorates. No evidence of an αa relaxation was seen in any sample. In the Li-complexed material, the γ relaxation occurs at about 174 K and 1000 Hz which is the same as for pure PEO. In the Na-complexed materials, there appear to be more than one peak in this region, and the relative peak heights are concentration dependent. The result is that at the 8:1 doping level, there is a broad, skewed relaxation whose peak occurs at about 203 K and 1000 Hz, while at 4.5:1 NaClO4 the relaxation appears much closer to a normal peak with a maximum at 185 K for the 1000 Hz data. Combined with previous results for thiocyanate complexed PEO, these results show that distortions in the polymer chain depend on both the cation and anion. Next, two new relaxations are observed at low temperatures. The first, occuring at 60–100 K is very weak and is common to all PEO samples. The second occuring at very low temperatures, is only found for perchlorate complexed PEO and is attributed to the localized motion of perchlorate-induced defects on the exterior of the chains. The high temperature electrical conductivity for PEO8:NaClO4 is found to be larger than PEO4.5:NaClO4 in agreement with the trend observed by other workers for PEO complexed with different alkali metal salts.
The effects of fasting on glucagon binding and action in isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract The effect of fasting on the basal and glucagon-stimulated uptake of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and the binding of glucagon was studied in isolated hepatocytes from fed and 72 hr-fasted rats. The basal rate and the absolute amount of glucagon-stimulated AIB transport was significantly increased in hepatocytes from fasted rats as compared to controls when measured at 0.1 m M AIB. In both groups of animals the minimal effective hormone concentration, half maximal stimulation, and maximal stimulation of AIB transport was achieved at a similar glucagon concentration. In contrast, hepatocytes from fasted rats bound from 37% to 50% less glucagon than those from fed rats. This decrease of glucagon binding appears to be the result of a decrease in the number of binding sites rather than a consequence of a change in binding affinity or increased glucagon degradation. In conclusion, our data are supportive of the hypothesis that there exists in fasting an increased efficiency of amino acid extraction by the liver at low ambient amino acid levels. The absolute uptake of AIB in response to glucagon is similarly increased which, in conjunction with the increased glucagon levels in fasting, results in further augmentation of amino acid extraction. This alteration in glucagon action appears to be a reflection of the enhanced basal rates of AIB uptake and is unrelated to the observed alterations in glucagon binding.
Feeding and Responses to Food Abundance

Marine heterotrophs have evolved a very large variety of feeding mechanisms to obtain their rations, and any given species usually makes use of several feeding mechanisms (Pandian, 1975). Heterotrophs may use organic matter dissolved in water or on larger particles. Dissolved food may be taken up through the body or cell surface, as occurs in microorganisms, many invertebrate parasites, and pogonophorans. Other consumers take up fluids through their mouth, as in the case of some nematodes, trematodes, leeches, parasitic copepods, and young mammals. Dissolved food is also obtained by some heterotrophs from their endosymbionts, as in the case of zooxanthellae in corals and other cnidarians, and sulfur bacteria in some pogonophorans and bivalves.
Magnetic properties of bulk, and rapidly solidified nanostructured (Nd1-xCex)2Fe14-yCoyB ribbons

Magnetic properties of Ce and Co co-doped (Nd1-xCex)2Fe14-yCoyB compounds have been investigated both in bulk polycrystalline and rapidly solidified nanostructured ribbon forms. For certain Ce concentrations the materials exhibit spin re-orientation transitions below 140 K. The Curie temperatures, saturation magnetizations, and other magnetic properties relevant for applications as permanent magnets are controlled by Ce and Co substitutions for Nd and Fe, respectively. Most importantly, the results show that Ce, Co co-doped compounds are excellent replacements for several Dy-based high performance permanent magnets (dysprosium is one of the critical elements and is, therefore, in short supply). As a result, the high temperature (>375 K) magnetic properties for Nd–Ce–Fe–Co–B based alloys show promise not only as a replacement for Dy-doped Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets, but the new alloys also require significantly lower amounts of Nd, which too is the critical element that can be replaced by a more abundant Ce.
Beurteilung von Teigeigenschaften durch Zugversuche im Mikromaßstab

Es wird eine Mikromethode fur Zugversuche aus Teigen beschrieben, die mit nur 10 g Mehl 6–8 Kraft-Dehnungs-Kurven liefert. Die Mikromethode wird auf Mehle mit und ohne Ascorbinsaurezusatz angewendet und mit der ublichen Makromethode verglichen.
Partial Reduction of NiAl2O4 - Mechanism and the Influence of Doping

Metal-ceramic microstructures were formed in situ by partial reduction of the spinel compound NiAl2O4. At 1300°C the reduction reaction passed through an intermediate stage involving the formation of Ni and metastable “defect spinel” phases, before the appearance of the equilibrium phases, Ni + α-Al2O3. At 1100°C, depending on the reduction time, the products of the reduction reaction were Ni and the metastable “defect spinel” for less than 24 hours; Ni + θ-Αl2Ο3 for 24-48 hours; and Ni + GI-AI2O3 for 144-168 hours. The effects of dopants, such as Cr2O3, MgO, TiO2 and Y2O3, on the reduction mechanism and kinetics were examined and shown, in the case of TiO2, to have a controlling influence. A reduction reaction mechanism is proposed.
CLARITY and PACT-based imaging of adult zebrafish and mouse for whole-animal analysis of infections

Visualization of infection and the associated host response has been challenging in adult vertebrates. Owing to their transparency, zebrafish larvae have been used to directly observe infection in vivo; however, such larvae have not yet developed a functional adaptive immune system. Cells involved in adaptive immunity mature later and have therefore been difficult to access optically in intact animals. Thus, the study of many aspects of vertebrate infection requires dissection of adult organs or ex vivo isolation of immune cells. Recently, CLARITY and PACT (passive clarity technique) methodologies have enabled clearing and direct visualization of dissected organs. Here, we show that these techniques can be applied to image host-pathogen interactions directly in whole animals. CLARITY and PACT-based clearing of whole adult zebrafish and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected mouse lungs enables imaging of mycobacterial granulomas deep within tissue to a depth of more than 1 mm. Using established transgenic lines, we were able to image normal and pathogenic structures and their surrounding host context at high resolution. We identified the three-dimensional organization of granuloma-associated angiogenesis, an important feature of mycobacterial infection, and characterized the induction of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) within the granuloma using an established fluorescent reporter line. We observed heterogeneity in TNF induction within granuloma macrophages, consistent with an evolving view of the tuberculous granuloma as a non-uniform, heterogeneous structure. Broad application of this technique will enable new understanding of host-pathogen interactions in situ.
A Tsar is Born? A Moral Economy of the Post-Soviet State

Boris Berezovskii, Mikhail Khodorkovskii, and other oligarchs might have thought in 1999 that they sat securely atop the Russian economy: surely the little-known Vladimir Putin, hand-picked to be Yeltsin’s heir because he would not rock the boat, would not be so audacious as to challenge the new elite who helped keep Yeltsin in power. Yet by the end of 2004 Putin had beaten the oligarchs. Berezovskii and fellow oligarch Vladimir Gusinskii had fled the country. Mikhail Khodorkovskii was under attack for tax fraud. Through state-owned firms Putin’s Kremlin was recapturing choice sectors of the Russian economy: via Gazprom Putin gained control of NTV and silenced its critical stance, and through Rosneft the Kremlin increased its presence in the oil sector. Putin won a second term as president and his vehicle of parliamentary power, Edinaia Rossiia (United Russia, originally Edinstvo), dominated the Duma. A new ruling elite, leaders of the siloviki—the security apparatus, literally a “power elite”—now ran the country, gathering the Russian lands once again, almost as if by old tradition. After its authority and capacity unraveled under Gorbachev and Yeltsin, the state was back in the center of polity, economy, and society. Governance techniques relied on owning important property in media and hydrocarbons, willingness to use kompromat1 to strong-arm elites into toeing the Kremlin line, and a formula of rule grounded in an elite moral economy, popular resentement vis-a-vis market reforms, and a discourse of national security and status.
Labor Arbitration: Practical Ways to Cut Costs Without Sacrificing Quality

The main advantages for choosing arbitration over litigation to resolve labor disputes are speed, party control over the process, the possibility of preserving an amicable relationship between the parties, and cost. This essay focuses on cost – what does labor arbitration cost, and what can the parties do to keep costs down while maintaining the integrity of the process and ensuring accurate outcomes?
Novel silicon stripixel detectors on high resistivity p-type magnetic Czochralski silicon wafers for US-ATLAS upgrade

A new Si detector system based on a number of novel aspects of detector structure and detector material is proposed here for the US ATLAS Upgrade Project. The novel aspects in this Si detector system include: 1) a novel Si stripixel detector structure developed at BNL will be used, which provides 2d position sensitivity with single-sided process; 2) high resistivity magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) Si wafer will be used, which provides naturally high concentration of oxygen for improved radiation hardness to charged particles; and 3) p-type MCZ substrates are used, for which single-sided process is retained and fast electron collection is presented, and which experiences no space charge sign inversion to ensure partial depletion mode operation at extremely high radiation fluences. In the first detector design layout, strip pitches in both y and u directions have been fixed at 80 /spl mu/m, with a stereo angle of 4.6/spl deg/ between them. The strip length is 3 cm and the detector chip size is 2.56 cm /spl times/ 6.0 cm, with 2 halves of 2.56 cm /spl times/ 3.0 cm sensitive areas without dead space between them. Both y and u strips will be read out by the sides perpendicular to the strips. Simulations on detector processing as well as the electric properties before and after radiation by charged particles up to 1.0/spl times/10/sup 16/ n/sub eq/ (1 MeV neutron equivalent)/cm/sup 2/ have been done. Simulation results show that up to 2.0/spl times/10/sup 15/ n/sub eq//cm/sup 2/ of charged particle irradiation, the highest fluence for the inter-medium region for strip detector in the SLHC, the new detector with a thickness of 200 /spl mu/m can still be fully depleted at a bias of 400 volts.
Multistage Lattice Vector Quantization for Hyperspectral Image Compression

Lattice vector quantization (LVQ) offers substantial reduction in computational load and design complexity due to the lattice regular structure [1]. In this paper, we extended the SPIHT [2] coding algorithm with lattice vector quantization to code hyperspectral images. In the proposed algorithm, multistage lattice vector quantization (MLVQ) is used to exploit correlations between image slices, while offering successive refinement with low coding complexity and computation. Different four-dimensional lattices and significance metrics are considered. Their rate-distortion performance is compared with other 2D and 3D wavelet-based image compression algorithms.
Dancing Elementary Science Vocabulary

ABSTRACTThe study described in this article examined a movement-based approach to teaching third-grade science vocabulary. Students explored the ways they could move their bodies to express assigne...
NAD(H) and NADP(H) Redox Couples and Cellular Energy Metabolism

Abstract Significance: The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/reduced NAD+ (NADH) and NADP+/reduced NADP+ (NADPH) redox couples are essential for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and fo...
Simulating the Dynamics of the CX-100 Wind Turbine Blade: Model Selection Using a Robustness Criterion

Several plausible modeling strategies are available to develop finite element (FE) models of ever-increasingly complex phenomena. Expert judgment is typically used to choose which strategy to employ, while the “best” modeling approach remains unknown. This paper proposes a decision analysis methodology that offers a systematic and rigorous methodology for comparing plausible modeling strategies. The proposed methodology departs from the conventional approach that considers only test-analysis correlation to select the model that provides the highest degree of fidelity-to-data. The novelty of the methodology lies in an exploration of the trade-offs between robustness to uncertainty and fidelity-to-data. Exploring robustness to model imprecision and inexactness, in addition to fidelity-to-data, lends credibility to the simulation by guaranteeing that its predictions can be trusted even if some of the modeling assumptions and input parameters are incorrect. To demonstrate this approach, an experimental configuration is analyzed in which large masses are used to load the CX-100 wind turbine blade in bending during vibration testing. Two plausible simulations are developed with differing strategies to implement these large masses using (i) a combination of point-mass and spring elements or (ii) solid elements. In this paper, the authors study the ability of the two FE models to predict the experimentally obtained natural frequencies, and the robustness of these competing models to uncertainties in the input parameters. Considering robustness for model selection provides the extent to which prediction accuracy deteriorates as the lack-of-knowledge increases. Therefore, the preferable modeling strategy is the one that offers the best compromise between fidelity-to-data and robustness to uncertainty. To predict the bending vibration of the CX-100 wind turbine blade, it is observed that the modeling strategy with solid elements is far superior to the other one in its ability to provide a compromise between fidelity-to-data and robustness to the modeling assumptions.
Evaluating indoor air quality and energy impacts of ventilation in a net-zero energy house using a coupled model

The National Institute of Standards and Technology constructed the Net-Zero Energy Residential Test Facility to support the development and adoption of cost-effective net-zero energy designs and te...
Chapter 6: The Grip of Politics Over Production

The primary social issue of the past was the question of production: how to produce enough material goods to ensure the physical survival of society. Even if the human mind functions on a completely different level, it nevertheless depends on the body. Today the question of production has been at least theoretically solved. True, humanity still produces far less than it needs to meet all of its material requirements. Millions of people in poor countries still die of starvation, which remains the primary Malthusian regulator of the population in certain parts of the world. Poverty has not been completely defeated even in the most developed and affluent countries, and, the production of material goods remains a primary concern. However, although the question of production has not been completely solved in practice, it is solvable from the technical perspective. This is one of the most important milestones in human development and rightly gives us hope for the future.
Release of Catecholamines

The cornerstone of the neurohumoral theory of synaptic transmission (Elliott, 1905; Dixon, 1907) is the ability of nerves to release an active neurotransmitter on stimulation. The experiments of Loewi demonstrated the release of Vagusstoff (later shown to be acetylcholine) or a sympathin (later shown to be epinephrine) on stimulation of frog cardiac nerves and the effect of these substances to slow or accelerate, respectively, a second isolated heart (e.g., Loewi, 1921). These experiments were later applied to the mammalian heart by Rylant (1927), and made more specifically pertinent to sympathetic nerves by Cannon and his colleagues (Cannon and Uridil, 1921; Cannon and Rosenblueth, 1937). These classical experiments in neuropharmacology were essentially the application of sensitive and quite specific bioassays to demonstrate the release of active hormone on stimulation of a peripheral nerve. The identity of neural “sympathin” in mammalian sympathetic neurons (norepinephrine) as the desmethylated congener of the catecholamine originally extracted from the adrenal gland (e.g., Abel, 1899) (epinephrine) was suspected in the 1920s and 1930s (e.g., Bacq, 1934), but depended on the application of suitable quantitative biochemical and bioassay methods for its definitive demonstration, notably by von Euler (1946).
Remarks on Extremals in Minimal Support Inequalities

We consider solutions of the Schrodinger equation \(-\Delta u(x) = V (x)u(x)\), where u≡0 on the boundary of a bounded open region D⊂R n , and V (x)∈L r (D). Minimal support inequalities are sharp relationships between a norm of the potential||V|| r and the measure of the support|D|. The well-known Faber–Krahn inequality is a special case. In most such results, including many variations of the Schrodinger equation above, one can show that extremals exist and are closely related to a Sobolev inequality. We provide a reason for this pattern and show that existence of extremals can be predicted under fairly general conditions.
EFFECTS OF BIOTURBATION AND PREDATION BY MELLITA QUINQUIESPERFORATA ON SEDIMENTARY MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Abstract Processing of sand by sand dollars (Echinodermata: Mellita quinquiesperforata) resulted in modification of the benthic microbial community without a significant effect on gross nutrient balances. Measures of cellular and membrane biomass (total adenosine nucleotides, lipid phosphate and chlorophyll a) were essentially unchanged. Muramic acid concentration and thymidine incorporation into DNA, which are measures of prokaryotic biomass and activity, remained unchanged. Total metabolic activity, measured as acetate incorporation into lipid, was unchanged. Lipid glycerol and the inositol and glucosamine remaining in the extracted residue were reduced in the processed sediment, as was sulpholipid biosynthesis. Fatty acids characteristic of prokaryotes were enriched whereas fatty acids characteristic of microeukaryotes decreased in processed sands. The same was true for the lipid neutral carbohydrates. Examination of meiofauna showed significant reduction in foraminifera, suggesting that sand dollars are selective predators for a portion of the non-photosynthetic microeukaryotes, having little effect on the biomass or metabolic activity of benthic prokaryotes.
Restricted Hematopoietic Progenitors and Erythropoiesis Require SCF from Leptin Receptor+ Niche Cells in the Bone Marrow

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in a perivascular niche in bone marrow, in which leptin receptor+ (LepR) stromal cells and endothelial cells synthesize factors required for HSC maintenance, including stem cell factor (SCF). An important question is why LepR+ cells are one hundred times more frequent than HSCs. Here, we show that SCF from LepR+ cells is also necessary to maintain many c-kit+-restricted hematopoietic progenitors. Conditional deletion of Scf from LepR+ cells depleted common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs), megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs), pre-megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors (PreMegEs), and colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-Es), as well as myeloid and erythroid blood cells. This was not caused by HSC depletion, as many other restricted progenitors were unaffected. Moreover, Scf deletion from endothelial cells depleted HSCs, but not progenitors. Early erythroid progenitors were closely associated with perisinusoidal LepR+ cells. This reveals cellular specialization within the niche: SCF from LepR+ cells is broadly required by HSCs and restricted progenitors while SCF from endothelial cells is required mainly by HSCs.
Expressions of Relationality and Alterity in Contemporary Pluralistic Cultures: A Case Study of Ihievbe Community

This chapter addresses the cultural significance of relationality and alterity among the Ihievbe people as grounds for validating the use of hospitality and friendship as dialogical tools. This chapter presents the importance of social harmony in Ihievbe worldview. Since social harmony among the Ihievbe people is made possible by the role such virtues as hospitality and friendship play in the community, I argue that a workable dialogical model can truly be constructed by using these two virtues. Finally, this chapter extrapolates from the results of the surveys and interviews a sense of Christian salvation history that affirms and attests to religious diversities as understood by the Catholic community in the town.
Acoustic driven microbubble motor device

Abstract We have developed an acoustic frequency driven microbubble motor (AFMO) device and achieved high-speed rotation up to 450 RPM and torque of 2.3 × 10-9 (N.m). Additionally, the bidirectional rotation of this device has been demonstrated by modulating input frequencies. This device, directly constructed from UV curable resin by a micro-3D printer, has four microscale cavities that contain micro air bubbles when immersed in water. Once external 4 kHz acoustic waves stimulate these four cavities, microbubbles are extracted and positioned at the entrances of the cavities. These four microbubbles have identical dimensions and oscillation resonant frequencies of 5.6 kHz based on theoretical calculations that can spin the AFMO device in a clockwise direction. Both the clockwise and the counterclockwise rotation of the AFMO device have observed at a 5.6 and 5.1 kHz frequency input, respectively.
BRD2 regulation of sigma-2 receptor expression upon cytosolic cholesterol deprivation

Abstract Traditionally a pharmacologic target for antipsychotic treatment, the sigma-2 receptor (S2R) was recently implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. Here we investigated the transcriptional regulation of S2R by the Bromo/ExtraTerminal epigenetic reader family (BETs, including BRD2, 3, 4) upon cholesterol perturbation. Cytosolic cholesterol deprivation was induced using an export blocker of lysosomal cholesterol in ARPE19 cells. This condition upregulated mRNA and protein levels of S2R, and of SREBP2 but not SREBP1, transcription factors key to cholesterol/fatty acid metabolism. Silencing BRD2 but not BRD4 (though widely deemed as a master regulator) or BRD3 prevented S2R upregulation induced by cholesterol deprivation. Silencing SREBP2 but not SREBP1 diminished S2R expression. Furthermore, BRD2 co-immunoprecipitated with the SREBP2 transcription-active N-terminal domain, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR showed a BRD2 occupancy at the S2R gene promoter. In summary, this study reveals a novel BRD2/SREBP2 cooperative regulation of S2R transcription in response to cytosolic cholesterol deprivation, thus shedding new light on epigenetic control of cholesterol biology.
A tale of two voles: A response to Rosenberg 2019

Abstract In this article we respond to a recent paper in which Rosenberg (2019) suggested that red tree voles (Arborimus longicaudus) were just as common as western red-backed voles (Myodes californicus) and implied that federal management agencies should consider dispensing with field surveys of red tree voles in favor of an unspecified adaptive management approach. Our primary purpose in writing this response is not to debate how management agencies should manage red tree voles. Our objective is to demonstrate that Rosenberg’s (2019) attempt to compare the distribution and relative abundance of red tree voles and western red-backed voles was fundamentally flawed. The data that he used to compare the two species are not analogous because they are based on different metrics, biased samples, and different sampling techniques. Rosenberg (2019) also failed to include data from numerous studies that suggest that, compared to red tree voles, western red-backed voles are much more uniformly distributed in the coniferous forests of western Oregon. In addition to assessing the methodological flaws and inconsistencies in Rosenberg’s (2019) analysis, we review additional data that we think are useful for understanding differences in the distribution of tree voles and red-backed voles. We conclude that Rosenberg’s (2019) analysis served little purpose except to muddy the waters regarding the actual distribution and abundance of red tree voles.
Seeing the insurgent in transformative planning practices

Insurgent planning and radical planning are two of the most popular conceptual frames of reference for progressive planners and theorists of transformative planning practices. In the past decades, ...
Abstract A09: Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant mammary lesions in response to cMYC-overexpression

Pregnancy instates a series of cellular and molecular modifications in the mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of the adult female mammary gland. Pregnancy is also known for decreasing the predisposition of rodent and human MECs to oncogenesis. In order to understand the molecular basis for this protective effect, we analyzed the epigenetic changes in the enhancer landscape of murine, post-pregnancy MECs, and their effect on gene regulation, tissue development, and oncogenesis. Using in vivo and in vitro models of normal and malignant mammary development, we found that completion of a pregnancy cycle changed the dynamics of cellular proliferation and gene expression in response to a second wave of pregnancy hormones. Our results also demonstrated that post-pregnancy MECs are resistant to the molecular programs driven by cMYC overexpression, a response that blocked the development of premalignant lesions but did not perturb the pregnancy-induced epigenomic landscape. Citation Format: Mary J. Feigman, Matthew A. Moss, Chen Chen, Samantha L. Cyrill, Michael Ciccone, Marygrace Trousdell, Shih Ting Yang, Wesley D. Frey, John E. Wilkinson, Camila O. dos Santos. Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant mammary lesions in response to cMYC-overexpression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A09.