cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discrimination, daily stress, sleep, and Mexican-origin adolescents' internalizing symptoms.

Objective Using diary and longitudinal data, the current study examined the relations between Mexican-origin youths' ethnic discrimination, daily sleep and stress processes, and internalizing symptoms. Method Adolescents (N = 113; 49.6% female, Mage = 15.73 years) participated in an initial in-home interview and reported on ethnic discrimination and internalizing symptoms. They then completed a 3-day diary study and reported on their daily stress and sleep behaviors (i.e., sleep quality, sleep duration). Adolescents' internalizing symptoms were reassessed 2 years after the initial assessment. Results Discrimination related to greater daily stress and lower sleep quality. Daily stress was, in turn, marginally related to concurrent internalizing symptoms, but not longitudinal changes in symptoms. Sleep duration was unrelated to discrimination experiences and concurrent and long-term internalizing symptoms. Conclusion Discrimination disrupts daily processes that include overall stress levels and sleep quality. Daily stress processes may help explain the link between discrimination and Mexican-origin adolescents' concurrent internalizing symptoms. Research examining daily processes provides insight into psychological and behavioral implications of discrimination experiences of adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record
Potentiation of angiotensin II-stimulated vascular contraction by lithium.

Previous studies have suggested that lithium prolongs or enhances vascular contractions stimulated by α-adrenergic agents. The present study was performed to determine whether a similar phenomenon occurs with angiotensin II (ANG II)-stimulated contractions and whether this phenomenon results from interactions with the phosphoinositide signaling system. Contractions of rat aortic rings with 100 nM ANG II were 38% greater in the presence of 20 mM LiCl than in its absence (0.47 ± 0.07 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05 g tension/mg dry tissue wt, P < 0.01). The effects of lithium on inositol phosphate responses, diacylglycerol responses, and intracellular calcium concentration on single or repeated stimulations with ANG II were then examined in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured from rat aorta. Cells exposed twice to 100 nM ANG II contained 50% lower inositol trisphosphate levels (InsP 3 ) and 10% lower diacylglycerol levels than cells exposed to ANG II only once. LiCl or lithium acetate abolished these desensitizations in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, InsP 3 and diacylglycerol responses to a single exposure of ANG II were heightened by lithium (by 75 and 25%, respectively), and the duration of the responses was prolonged by lithium (5- and 2-fold, respectively). In contrast, ANG II-stimulated calcium transients were not enhanced or prolonged by lithium, nor was desensitization of ANG II-stimulated cytosolic calcium mobilization upon serial exposures abolished by lithium. When ring contraction studies were repeated in the presence of the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine (150 nM), lithium no longer potentiated ANG II contractions [0.38 ± 0.03 (control) vs. 0.35 ± 0.06 g tension/mg dry tissue wt (lithium)]. In summary, potentiated diacylglycerol formation and protein kinase C activation, rather than potentiated InsP 3 levels and calcium mobilization, mediate the enhanced ANG II-stimulated vasoconstriction observed in the presence of lithium
Shifting the focus: an objective look at design fixation

Design fixation is a robust phenomenon that has been shown to affect amateurs, experts, and groups of designers across a variety of design domains. An area of confusion concerning the concept of design fixation is whether it is a conscious decision made by a designer or an unconscious action that occurs without awareness. The current research addresses this issue by utilizing eye tracking as an objective measure, in conjunction with subjective feedback, and design performance data to gain insight into the underlying processes of design fixation. It was found that there are major discrepancies in what people remember looking at, what people actually looked at, and what features designers fixated on. These findings inspire a fount of new research questions, as well as a possible rethinking of current design processes.
Effects of shifts in visual, semantic, and acoustic-semantic stimulus attributes in STM tasks

Four groups of 20 Ss recalled triads of spelled-out numbers for three trials. The type of material presented on the fourth trial was the same for the control (C) group but differed either visually (V), semantically (S), or acoustically and semantically (AS) from prior material for three experimental groups. Recall for all groups decreased over the first three trials. Vocal and written recall on the fourth trial for Groups V and SA, but only vocal recall of Group S, was superior to that of Group C. In contrast to the recent emphasis upon acoustic storage, the present results indicate that short-term memory of verbal material entails both an auditory and visual process. The results were discussed in terms of extensions of the interference-encoding hypothesis.
Social antecedents and consequences of political privacy

Using a national sample in the United States (n = 1047), we test the social stratification of (1) political disclosure and (2) its effects on one’s decision to connect into and disconnect from communities, as indicated by friendship or follower status. The analysis poses larger questions about the function of social media in bringing together diverse communities and explores how one’s political disclosure is (1) affected by social backgrounds and (2) affects the characteristic of mediated social interactions. We found that political disclosure and racial background had the interactive relationship in influencing one’s social connection. Frequent social media use, on the other hand, was not associated with the disclosure of political viewpoints. We discuss the implications of how socialization might incubate the differential effects among social segments, as well as the mixed effects of social media on the users from different communities.
Effective quality factor and temperature dependence of self-oscillations in a thermal-piezoresistively pumped resonator

We measure the influence of ambient temperature (from −40 °C to 80 °C) on the threshold current for self-oscillations inathermal-piezoresistively pumped, capacitively sensed resonator. We demonstrate that for our flexural mode self-oscillator, the threshold current decreases with decreasing ambient temperature. We observe the generation of harmonics during self-oscillation with amplitudes that decrease and effective quality factors that increase with each successive mode. Following self-oscillations, we observe that the effective quality factor and amplitude is extremely sensitive to further DC current increases.
Development and rationale for a multifactorial, randomized controlled trial to test strategies to promote adherence to complex drug regimens among older adults.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic conditions are often responsible for self-managing complex, multi-drug regimens with minimal professional clinical support. While numerous interventions to promote and support medication adherence have been tested, most have had limited success or have been too resource-intensive for real-world implementation. Objective To compare the effectiveness of multiple low-cost, technology-enabled strategies, alone and in combination, for promoting medication regimen adherence among older adults. Methods Older, English or Spanish-speaking patients on complex drug regimens (N = 1505) will be recruited from a community health system in Chicago, IL. Enrolled patients will be randomized to one of four study arms, receiving either: 1) enhanced usual care alone; 2) daily medication reminders via SMS text messages; 3) medication monitoring via a patient portal-based assessment; or 4) both SMS text message reminders and portal-based medication monitoring. The primary outcome of the study is medication adherence, which will be assessed via multiple measures at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. The effect of intervention strategies on clinical markers (hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, cholesterol level), as well as intervention fidelity and the barriers and costs of implementation will also be evaluated. Conclusions This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the impact of various low-cost intervention strategies on adherence to complex medication regimens and will explore barriers to implementation. If the studied intervention strategies are shown to be effective, then these approaches could be effectively deployed across a diverse range of clinical settings and patient populations. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov NCT02820753 .
At the boundary of knowledge

We Have No Idea by Jorge Cham – the artist behind the popular PHD Comics – and particle physicist Daniel Whiteson bills itself as "a guide to the unknown universe". It's a kind of encyclopedia of ignorance.
Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

Abstract The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.
The mechanistic basis for chromatin regulation by pioneer transcription factors

Pioneer transcription factors play a primary role in establishing competence for gene expression and initiating cellular programming and reprogramming, and their dysregulation causes severe effects on human health, such as promoting tumorigenesis. Although more than 200 transcription factors are expressed in each cell type, only a small number of transcription factors are necessary to elicit dramatic cell-fate changes in embryonic development and cell-fate conversion. Among these key transcription factors, a subset called "pioneer transcription factors" have a remarkable ability to target nucleosomal DNA, or closed chromatin, early in development, often leading to the local opening of chromatin, thereby establishing competence for gene expression. Although more key transcription factors have been identified as pioneer transcription factors, the molecular mechanisms behind their special properties are only beginning to be revealed. Understanding the pioneering mechanisms will enhance our ability to precisely control cell fate at will for research and therapeutic purposes. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Fates Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology Developmental Biology > Lineages.
Stomatal features ofHemionites arifolia (Burm.) Moore

Stomatal ontogeny and distribution in the Indian fernHemionites arifolia has been studied for the first time. The stomata conform to the mesoperigenousPlagiogyria type; a few stomata are diacytic.
Subzero Activity of Cold-Adapted Yeasts

Cold adaptation is usually interpreted as ability of microorganisms to grow at temperature around zero or recover from deep freezing. This chapter focuses on a recently discovered physiological phenomenon of microbial growth and metabolism in a frozen environment cooled down to −20 °C and deeper. Still, there are numerous controversies about subzero activity (SZA); therefore, the chapter starts from extensive introduction into the SZA phenomenon beyond the yeasts’ taxonomic boundary. Critical review of available techniques for SZA detection resulted in a precautionary note that some reports based on account of frozen soil respiration or methane generation could be considerably overestimated. More reliable measurements of SZA are obtained by using methods based on direct microscopy and uptake of labelled gaseous substrates, e.g. 14CO2. Two types of below-zero habitats are recognized: homogeneous icy environment (polar sea ice, glaciers, snow) where microbial cells can survive in supercooled liquid veins and permanently frozen soils and sediments containing buried organic matter and allowing slow gas exchange through aeration micropores. Fungi including yeasts are the most successful colonizers of the second type of habitats. Solid-state frozen enrichment culture, phylogenetic survey of soils, round-year seasonal community dynamics and specific inhibitors of protein synthesis - all indicate that fungi have a competitive advantage over prokaryotic organisms in frozen soils. None of the known molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation, e.g. membrane structure, heat- and cold-stress proteins, cold-adapted enzymes, could be uniquely attributed to fungi. Instead, the author discusses wide opportunities given to all fungi by bigger cell size and colonization of frozen heterogeneous environments via mycelial or pseudomycelial growth.
Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Stable ischemic heart disease encompasses a spectrum from asymptomatic to severely symptomatic to sudden cardiac death. Angina is the physical manifestation of the ischemic constellation and is the earliest sign in about half of patients with coronary artery disease (Maznyczka et al., Open Heart 2(1):e000178, 2015; Ohman, N Engl J Med 374(12):1167–1176, 2016). Angina is associated with reduced quality of life, decreased work productivity, impaired physical functioning, psychosocial distress, and frequent hospital admissions (Piccolo et al., Lancet 386(9994):702–713, 2015). Management of stable ischemic heart disease is aimed at treating modifiable risk factors, eliminating or lessening angina, improving quality of life, and reducing premature cardiovascular death.
Projected expansion in climatic suitability for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, and five widespread Triatoma species by 2070: the role of climate change on infectious diseases

The vector-borne parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects seven million individuals globally and causes chronic cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, T. cruzi has emerged in the southern United States. It is crucial for disease surveillance efforts to detail regions that present favorable climatic conditions for T. cruzi and vector establishment. We used MaxEnt to develop an ecological niche model for T. cruzi and five widespread Triatoma vectors based on 546 published localities within the United States. We modeled regions of current potential T. cruzi and Triatoma distribution and then regions projected to have suitable climatic conditions by 2070. Regions with suitable climatic conditions for the study organisms are predicted to increase within the United States. Our findings agree with the hypothesis that climate change will facilitate the expansion of tropical diseases throughout temperate regions and suggest climate change will influence the expansion of T. cruzi and Triatoma vectors in the United States.
Charts based on millions of fluid dynamics simulations provide a simple tool to estimate how far from its source a specific blood stain can be found

Abstract The bloodstain pattern analyst sometimes has to judge if a given stain could originate from a specific location. A wide range of values of the maximum distance that a blood drop can travel have been reported from experiments, ranging from less than one meter to more than 10 m. Here we formulate the problem in a fluid dynamics and data mining framework. The fluid dynamics is solved with Newton’s classical equation of motion coupled with well-established models for the gravity and drag forces that bend the trajectories of drops. The parameters screened are the drop size, initial velocity and launch angle, as well as the height of a blood source and the ceiling height. Combining a wide range of values of those five parameters commended the performance of more than 5 million fluid dynamic simulations. Results of these simulations have been searched and mined for parameters directly measurable on a crime scene, such as the stain size and stain ellipticity. The results are presented in simple, easy to use charts, which do not require any knowledge of fluid dynamics from the analyst.
Chip-Scale Molecular Clock

An ultra-stable time-keeping device is presented, which locks its output clock frequency to the rotational-mode transition of polar gaseous molecules. Based on a high-precision spectrometer in the sub-terahertz (THz) range, our new clocking scheme realizes not only fully electronic operation but also implementations using mainstream CMOS technology. Meanwhile, the small wavelength of probing wave and high absorption intensity of our adopted molecules (carbonyl sulfide, 16O12C32S) also enable miniaturization of the gas cell. All these result in an “atomic-clock-grade” frequency reference with small size, power, and cost. This paper provides the architectural and chip-design details of the first proof-of-concept molecular clock using a 65-nm CMOS bulk technology. Using a 231.061-GHz phase-locked loop (PLL) with frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulation and a sub-THz FET detector with integrated lock-in function, the chip probes the accurate transition frequency of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) gas inside a single-mode waveguide, and accordingly adjusts the 80-MHz output of a crystal oscillator. The clock consumes only 66 mW of dc power and has a measured Allan deviation of 3.8 $\times $ 10 $^{-10}$ at an averaging time of $\tau =1000$ s.
Loss Minimization for Distributed PV Integration using Particle Swarm Optimization with Volt-Var Control

The integration of renewable energy resources into electric power distribution networks can cause major control problems, if not planned properly. In this paper, Volt-Var control (VVC) has been implemented to reduce voltage fluctuation resulting from high Photovoltaic (PV) penetration. The effect of VVC on system active losses is also investigated. Additionally, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been used to minimize system losses while maintaining bus voltages within permissible limits in different test distribution systems.
Pediatric Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Updated Polysomnography Practice Patterns.

ObjectiveTo assess the current practice patterns of pediatric otolaryngologists in managing obstructive sleep-disordered breathing 6 years following the 2011 publication of the clinical practice gu...
Implementing Pay-as-You-Go Functionality in Microgrids using Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Energy access has been a significant challenge in emerging economies, with 1.1 billion people having no access to electricity. Pay-as-you-go solutions are attractive since they enable customers to make small payments, making the solution affordable. However, pay-as-you-go requires a duplex communication channel, adding to overall costs and complexities. Although the need of the hour is rapid scaling and proliferation of these solutions, present models have not yet achieved widespread adoption. This paper presents a low-cost pay-as-you-go solution that has intelligence embedded in it, capable of maintaining account balance and related information autonomously. This method can be used in a microgrid environment or scaled to a rural co-op or emerging utility. Since the solution needs minimal inputs from the cloud, the network is delay tolerant and can work with intermittent connectivity. This platform enables a service-based revenue model, which can provide additional employment opportunities in emerging markets. This paper presents the design elements and test results of using the proposed method.
Numerical study of high-lift hydrofoil near free surface at moderate Froude number

Shallow hydrofoils are known to produce lower lift in normal operating conditions in comparison with deep hydrofoils. However, the maximum lift capability of shallow hydrofoils at moderate speeds, which is important for transitional regimes of hydrofoil boats, is studied insufficiently. In this work, two-dimensional flow around a high-lift hydrofoil at a moderate Froude number is numerically simulated in a broad range attack angles up to the stall occurrence in both single-phase fluid and in the vicinity of free surface. It is found that nearly the same maximum lift coefficient can be produced by the shallow foil in the modeled condition as by the deep foil, but much higher attack angle is required near the free surface, which also results in larger drag. Additionally, it is shown that higher Reynolds numbers lead to higher lift coefficients, especially at large attack angles.
The Hidden Hand of Domestic Labor: Domestic Employers' Work Practices in Chicago, USA

An emergent body of scholarly work exists regarding the manifold dimensions and implications of domestic work, scholarship which draws from various standpoints and discipline traditions. Much existing literature deals specifically with the devaluation of domestic labor. A recent survey conducted in 14 metropolitan areas in the U.S. found that the domestic work industry is profoundly ethnocentric, gendered and racialized, with 23% of domestic workers earning below their state's mandated minimum wage. In 42 states, it is legal to pay domestic workers below minimum wage, since they are explicitly excluded from the protections of key federal labor laws and standards. In addition, many studies have repeatedly denounced the persistent gendered division of labor in the industry, and in particular have raised concerns about the disproportionate number of women of color in this occupation. Finally, given the private nature of domestic work and the unprotected conditions workers face, studies have pointed to the frequent hostile or even abusive relationships that employers have with their employees. Despite the wealth of research on domestic labor, relatively few studies conducted in the US have focused on the practices of domestic employers. There is also a dearth of research on domestic employment located specifically in the Midwest. The lacuna in this research motivated us to conduct a preliminary study on Midwestern employers' practices, in particular in Chicago and the surrounding suburbs. We argue that overlooking domestic employers' work practices prevents us from tackling the situations of abuse and disrespect that so frequently occur in this particular work environment.
Algorithmic Fairness for Networked Algorithms

Recent evidence points to the detrimental effects of algorithmic deployment on human datasets, as often times such algorithms mirror and exacerbate existing inequalities in the input data. This work focuses on understanding the disparate effects of algorithms on social inequality and building theory and applications for graph algorithms with ramifications in the way we learn information online and offline. We show that in the case of recommendation algorithms, the most common heuristics that learn connections for providing social recommendations exacerbate disparity between different communities in a bi-populated network by reinforcing certain patterns in the network, such as homophilic behavior. Similar results occur for content recommendation, where we show that minority viewpoints are being further diminished by algorithms that learn relational data and over-recommend a majority viewpoint. On the other hand, algorithms may leverage community affiliation to disperse information in a network in a more effective manner while being more equitable in terms of the demographics reached in certain conditions. For such studies, we find closed-form conditions of the results using graph theoretical models that replicate inequality in social networks and use them to develop a set of algorithms that use network statistics to diffuse information in a feature-aware way, effectively reaching more communities than the status quo heuristics that are blind to sensitive features. Through validation on real-world data, we show that such learning algorithms benefit from being feature-aware in learning relational data in order to mitigate bias.
Predicting Successful Laparoendoscopic Transhiatal Esophagectomy (THE) by Mediastinal Height Measurement

BackgroundLaparoendoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) provides advantages over traditional THE by not only avoiding laparotomy but by also allowing more precise esophageal mobilization. Occasi...
Further Development of Subspace Imaging to Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: A Low-rank Tensor Approach

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting is a recent quantitative MRI technique that simultaneously acquires multiple tissue parameter maps (e.g., T 1 , T 2 , and spin density) in a single imaging experiment. In our early work, we demonstrated that the low-rank/subspace reconstruction significantly improves the accuracy of tissue parameter maps over the conventional MR fingerprinting reconstruction that utilizes simple pattern matching. In this paper, we generalize the low-rank/subspace reconstruction by introducing a multilinear low-dimensional image model (i.e., a low-rank tensor model). With this model, we further estimate the subspace associated with magnetization evolutions to simplify the image reconstruction problem. The proposed formulation results in a nonconvex optimization problem which we solve by an alternating minimization algorithm. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method with numerical experiments, and demonstrate that the proposed method improves the conventional reconstruction method and the state-of-the-art low-rank reconstruction method.
A CHANDRA STUDY OF THE CORE OF THE NEARBY CLUSTER A576

We present data from a Chandra observation of the nearby cluster of galaxies A576. The core of the cluster shows a significant departure from dynamical equilibrium. We show that this core gas is most likely the remnant of a merging subcluster, which has been stripped of much of its gas, depositing a stream of gas behind it in the main cluster. The unstripped remnant of the subcluster is characterized by a different temperature, density, and metallicity than that of the surrounding main cluster, suggesting its distinct origin. Continual dissipation of the kinetic energy of this minor merger may be sufficient to counteract most cooling in the main cluster over the lifetime of the merger event.
Parenting – It’s a life: Where and how youth learn about establishing paternity, child support, and co-parenting

Abstract Theory and research suggest the importance of establishing paternity, co-parenting, and child support for positive child and youth development. However, youth’s relative knowledge of these topics is not well understood. Thus we examine these in the context of other parenting issues and how this information varied by parents, school/teachers, friends, and social media. We also sought to provide preliminary data on parenting programming to determine if the programming was associated with perceived increases in knowledge about these and other parenting topics. Data from 1713 students in middle and high schools who attended one or more Parenting: It’s a Life modules in their school were available for analysis. Youth reported existing knowledge on establishing paternity, co-parenting, and child support relatively low compared to other topics such as peer pressure and healthy relationships. Among the four sources of information surveyed, youth received the most information from parents and caregivers and the least amount of information from social media. Youth reported significant increases in knowledge regarding parenting topics following exposure to Parenting: It’s a Life curriculum. The information youth receive on content such as establishing paternity, co-parenting, and child support is relatively low. School-based parenting programs focused on these topics may help educate youth about these important parenting topics before parenthood.
A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods:

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Tra...
Monitoring Weather-Related Hazards Using the HydroSAR Service: Application to the 2020 South Asia Monsoon Season

This paper describes the concepts and recent activities of the HydroSAR project, a collaborative effort between the University of Alaska Fairbanks, the NASA Goddard and Marshall Space Flight Centers, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, focused on the automatic production of SAR-derived information for weather-related hazards. This paper will introduce the main processing algorithms as well as the broad product portfolio of the HydroSAR project, which includes information on surface water extent and surface water depth, in addition to capturing agriculture activity and other event-related changes. We will also highlight the cloud-based implementation of HydroSAR, which enables the system to generate data quickly and over large spatial scales. To demonstrate the performance of the service, we present results from a recent event response, where HydroSAR was used to support mapping activities related to the 2020 South Asia monsoon floods, inundating at least 25% of Bangladesh and large areas of the Bihar Province, India. In-region partner ICIMOD supported the performance assessment of the delivered products and algorithms.
Impact of a clinical pathway on acute kidney injury in patients undergoing heart transplant.

Background To evaluate the impact of a clinical pathway on the incidence and severity of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing heart transplant. Methods This was a 2.5-year retrospective evaluation using 3 years of historical controls within a cardiac intensive care unit in an academic children's hospital. Patients undergoing heart transplant between May 27, 2014, and April 5, 2017 (pre-pathway) and May 1, 2017, and November 30, 2019 (pathway) were included. The clinical pathway focused on supporting renal perfusion through hemodynamic management, avoiding or delaying nephrotoxic medications, and providing pharmacoprophylaxis against AKI. Results There were 57 consecutive patients included. There was an unadjusted 20% reduction in incidence of any acute kidney injury (p = .05) and a 17% reduction in Stage 2/3 acute kidney injury (p = .09). In multivariable adjusted analysis, avoidance of Stage 2/3 acute kidney injury was independently associated with the clinical pathway era (AOR -1.3 [95% CI -2.5 to -0.2]; p = .03), achieving a central venous pressure of or less than 12 mmHg (AOR -1.3 [95% CI -2.4 to -0.2]; p = .03) and mean arterial pressure above 60 mmHg (AOR -1.6 [95% CI -3.1 to -0.01]; p = .05) in the first 48 h post-transplant, and older age at transplant (AOR - 0.2 [95% CI -0.2 to -0.06]; p = .002). Conclusions This report describes a renal protection clinical pathway associated with a reduction in perioperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing heart transplant and highlights the importance of normalizing perioperative central venous pressure and mean arterial blood pressure to support optimal renal perfusion.
Phytochrome Structure/Function Relationships as Probed by Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are ideal for elucidation of the structure/function relationships of low abundance, relatively labile macromolecules such as phytochrome, in part because of their precise epitope specificity. MAbs that react differentially with the inactive, red-absorbing (Pr) and active far-red-absorbing (Pfr) forms of phytochrome have been obtained, as have been MAbs that recognize highly conserved domains. Similarly, MAbs that can discriminate among different pools of phytochrome from the same plant have been characterized. The locations of many of the epitopes recognized by these MAbs have now been mapped, permitting functional domains on this chromoprotein to be correlated with its primary structure. In particular, the epitope recognized by MAb Pea-25, which detects a highly conserved domain found on phytochrome from angiosperms to algae, is resolved by analysis of fusion proteins to a sequence of seven amino acids (-pro-ile-phe-gly-ala-asp-glu-, residues 765–771) on the carboxy-terminal domain of this chromoprotein.
Quality of life--theme.

Forensic scientists, as an integral part of the justice system, must move from merely relating their practices to the system to relating their practices to life—the quality life. Life's meaning has greatly changed since 1970 both at the birthing and the dying periods. Life's quality has no single definition. It can include goals to which we aspire or tasks that we must perform. Or, it can be concerned with an ordered preference of things we seek. It can also be determined by the “outcome” of our living or the “process” by which we live. Finally, quality, although it cannot be defined, can be felt. Should we not understand that the quality of life is to be recognized by the true worth of an individual and to be measured by the caring each of us has for our fellow beings as we practice our daily work in the justice system and live our daily lives in the whole human society?
The Chilean Constitutional Court and the 2005 Reform: A Castling between Career Judges and Academics

Using an original methodology that mixes directional coding and Pritchett's correlations, this paper argues that the Chilean Constitutional Court is becoming more active in exercising its powers against the executive branch. We also argue, however, that any political analysis should proceed with caution. The trend has its origin in a constitutional reform in 2005 that substantially changed the mechanism to appoint the Court’s justices. However, the movement towards judicial activism seems to be related with the decreasing influence of the legalistic culture embodied in the Chilean judiciary and cannot be properly explained with classic attitudinal model.
Improving Access to Renal Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with success rates greater than were envisioned as recently as a decade ago. Unfortunately this trend has created unprecedented demand for transplantable organs and new challenges for those desiring transplantation. This report is an overview of this changing landscape, with a focus on the clinical implications of the current process that culminates in renal transplantation. It also highlights potential solutions to overcome these newly recognized obstacles.
Discourse representation theory and belief dynamics

I have sketched a model of belief updating and belief revision motivated by concerns about the logic of belief and belief reports. In this model beliefs are assumed to have a complex structure and to be related together within the cognitive state in quite intricate ways. The structure is built up modified during belief updating and during revision. The model of beliefs is much more complex than that presupposed in the classical theory of belief revision such as propounded by Alchourron, Makinson and Gardenfors. Nevertheless, at least some of the developments of the classical theory may be carried over to this more complex model.
Intruder States and Low Energy Nuclear Spectroscopy

At moderate deformations and low spin an intruder subshell can be defined in an essentially unique way as the spherical subshell with l = N and j = l+ 1/2 which originates from the next higher main shell relative to the dominating shell in the vicinity of the Fermi surface, which then has the quantum number N - 1. Consequently, the intruder subshell has parity different from the majority of levels near the Fermi surface and the intruder states may be referred to as unique parity states. In many situations, the spin-orbit partners of the intruder subshells, i.e. the subshells with l = N and j= l- 1/2, show features similar to those of the “true” intruder subshells and are often involved in a crucial way in nuclei exhibiting shape coexistence.
Cancer caregiver quality of life: need for targeted intervention.

Objectives Caregiving can negatively impact well-being. Cancer caregivers face unique challenges given the intense nature of cancer and treatment, which increases their risk for burden, poor quality of life (QOL), and burnout. Studies to reduce caregiver burden demonstrate QOL improvement and distress reduction in the short term. However, few studies exist to address long-term benefits. We assessed changes in various QOL domains after participation in a QOL intervention for caregivers of patients having newly diagnosed advanced cancer. Methods Our institutional review board-approved study randomized patient–caregiver dyads to either usual care or an in-person group intervention composed of six 90-min sessions of structured multidisciplinary QOL components delivered over 4 weeks, with 10 follow-up phone calls within 20 weeks. Caregivers attended four of the six sessions attended by patients. Sessions included physical therapy, coping and communication strategies, mental health education, spirituality, and social needs. Caregiver QOL (Caregiver Quality of Life Index-Cancer Scale [CQOLC] and Linear Analogue Self-Assessment [LASA]) and mood (Profile of Mood States-Brief [POMS-B]) were measured at baseline and 4, 27, and 52 weeks. Wilcoxon tests and effect sizes were used to compare the caregiver groups. Results Of the 131 caregivers (65 intervention and 66 usual care), 116 completed the study. Caregivers post-intervention (at 4 weeks) had improved scores on LASA Spiritual Well-being; POMS-B total score, Vigor/Activity, and Fatigue/Inertia; and CQOLC Adaptation. At long term (at 27 weeks), caregivers retained improvement in POMS-B Fatigue/Inertia and gained improvements in CQOLC Disruptiveness and Financial Concerns. Conclusions Caregivers who received the intervention had higher QOL ratings for specific QOL domains but not for overall QOL. Although a comprehensive intervention was helpful, more specific, targeted interventions tailored for individual needs are recommended. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radial distributions of equatorial phase space density for outer radiation belt electrons

[1] We present the first direct observations of equatorial electron phase space density (PSD) as a function of the three adiabatic invariants throughout the outer radiation belt using data from the Solid State Telescopes on THEMIS-D. We estimate errors in PSD that result from data fitting and uncertainty in the calculation of the second and third invariants based on performance-weighted results from seven different magnetic field models. The PSD gradients beyond geosynchronous orbit (GEO) are energy dependent, revealing different source regions for the relativistic and non-relativistic populations. Specifically, the PSD distribution of outer belt relativistic electrons is peaked near L* ≈ 5.5. These features are typical for the outer belt, based on a survey of a two-month period from 01 Feb.–31 Mar. 2010. The results are consistent with previous studies, which were based on off-equatorial observations, but remove the high uncertainties introduced from mapping by using truly equatorial measurements (i.e., within only a few degrees of the magnetic equator) and quantifying the error in PSD. The newly calibrated THEMIS-SST dataset forms a powerful tool for exploration of the near-Earth magnetosphere, especially when combined with the upcoming RBSP mission.
Preparation of a semiquinonate-bridged diiron(II) complex and elucidation of its geometric and electronic structures

The synthesis and crystal structure of a diiron(II) complex containing a bridging semiquinonate radical are presented. The unique electronic structure of this S = 7/2 complex is examined with spectroscopic (absorption, EPR, resonance Raman) and computational methods.
Computing image stress in an elastic cylinder

We develop numerical methods that efficiently compute image stress fields of defects in an elastic cylinder. These methods facilitate dislocation dynamics simulations of the plastic deformation of micro-pillars. Analytic expressions of the image stress have been found in the Fourier space, taking advantage of the translational and rotational symmetries of the cylinder. To facilitate numerical calculation, the solution is then transformed into the stress field in an infinite elastic body produced by a distribution of body forces or image dislocations. The use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method makes the algorithms numerically efficient.
Cytodifferentiation in the accessory glands of Tenebrio molitor. III. Fine structure of the spermathecal accessory gland in the pupa.

Abstract To establish indices for studying the hormonal control of differentiation of the accessory reproductive glands of insects, the ultrastructural development of the spermathecal accessory gland (SAG) of female mealworm beetles has been analyzed. Over the 9 days between adult and pupal ecdysis, the SAG transforms from a stubby sac of columnar epithelium into an elongate cylindrical gland, lined with cuticle, and containing several distinct types of differentiated cells. The first phase of pupal differentiation is one of cell division and overall gland morphogenesis which lasts 3–4 days ; at its close, two populations of cells can be distinguished. One of these populations will produce the cuticular ductules while the other will yield the three-cell secretory units or organules. In the second phase which lasts 2 days, the three cells of each organule become wrapped around one another and then the innermost puts out a pseudocilium and retracts within the next ensheathing cell. In the third phase which lasts 4 days, the cuticles of the axial duct, of the efferent ductule, of the vestibule upon which the ductules converge, and of the end apparatus, are deposited. The ciliary process degenerates, and after ecdysis, the secretory cells undergo peak differentiation.
Trends and Issues in Characterizing Early Cognitive Changes in Parkinson’s Disease

In this review, we first discuss trends and issues in measuring cognitive changes in PD, including recent efforts to define the diagnostic classification of “PD Mild Cognitive Impairment” (PD-MCI). After reviewing some limitations associated with this diagnosis, we discuss how measures derived from the neurocognitive sciences offer better precision in detecting early cognitive changes in PD. To support this idea, we highlight 2 influential lines of current investigation that are unveiling novel insights about specific cognitive processes that are vulnerable early in PD and of critical importance to clinicians involved in treating PD: action control and reward learning and decision making. We conclude by highlighting some extant issues and unresolved questions for future investigations.
Thickness and Clapeyron slope of the post-perovskite boundary

Krystle Catalli and colleagues report the thickness of the post-perovskite boundary determined in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell at in situ high pressure and temperature conditions. Their measured Clapeyron slope is consistent with the D′′ discontinuity observed seismically, however their estimate of the post-perovskite boundary thickness is 400¬600 km, which is substantially larger than the observed thickness of less than 30 km. They predict that the post-perovskite boundary will be particularly thick in regions with elevated aluminium content and/or low Mg/Si ratio, reducing the effects of the large positive Clapeyron slope on the buoyancy of thermal anomalies and stabilizing compositional heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle. If the post-perovskite transition is the source of the D′′ discontinuity, regions with sharp discontinuities may require distinct compositions, such as a higher Mg/Si ratio or low aluminium content. Seismic detectability of the boundaries and convection in the mantle is strongly influenced by the thicknesses and Clapeyron slopes of mantle phase boundaries. The unusually large positive Clapeyron slope found for the boundary between perovskite and post-perovskite (the 'pPv boundary') would destabilize high-temperature anomalies in the lowermost mantle, in disagreement with the seismic observations. Here, new studies of the thickness and Clapeyron slope of the pPv boundary shed light on this matter. The thicknesses and Clapeyron slopes of mantle phase boundaries strongly influence the seismic detectability of the boundaries and convection in the mantle. The unusually large positive Clapeyron slope found for the boundary between perovskite (Pv) and post-perovskite (pPv)1,2,3 (the ‘pPv boundary’) would destabilize high-temperature anomalies in the lowermost mantle4, in disagreement with the seismic observations5. Here we report the thickness of the pPv boundary in (Mg0.91Fe2+0.09)SiO3 and (Mg0.9Fe3+0.1)(Al0.1Si0.9)O3 as determined in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell under in situ high-pressure (up to 145 GPa), high-temperature (up to 3,000 K) conditions. The measured Clapeyron slope is consistent with the D′′ discontinuity6. In both systems, however, the pPv boundary thickness increases to 400–600 ± 100 km, which is substantially greater than the thickness of the D′′ discontinuity (<30 km)7. Although the Fe2+ buffering effect of ferropericlase8,9,10 could decrease the pPv boundary thickness, the boundary may remain thick in a pyrolitic composition because of the effects of Al and the rapid temperature increase in the D′′ layer. The pPv boundary would be particularly thick in regions with an elevated Al content and/or a low Mg/Si ratio, reducing the effects of the large positive Clapeyron slope on the buoyancy of thermal anomalies and stabilizing compositional heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle. If the pPv transition is the source of the D′′ discontinuity, regions with sharp discontinuities may require distinct compositions, such as a higher Mg/Si ratio or a lower Al content.
Reaction of nido-7,8-C2B9H13 with pentacarbonyl(methyl)manganese: Crystal structure of the charge-compensated complex [Mn(CO)3{η5-7,8-C2B9H10-10-O(CH2)4}]

Abstract The reaction between nido -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 13 and [MnMe(CO) 5 ] in THF (tetrahydrofuran) at reflux temperatures over a period of several hours affords the zwitter-ionic mononuclear manganese complex [Mn(CO) 3 { η 5 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 -10-O(CH 2 ) 4 }]‡ ( 1 ), the structure of which has been established by X-ray diffraction. In the molecules of 1 the manganese atom is coordinated on one side by three linearly bound CO groups and on the other by a neutral nido -10-O(CH 2 ) 4 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 ligand in a pentahapto manner. The C 2 B 9 H 10 cage-framework is anionic but the ligand is charge-compensated since a THF molecule replaces hydrogen at the boron atom at the β-site with respect to the carbon atoms in the pentagonal ring coordinated to the manganese atom. Reactions of 1 with donor molecules L (PPh 3 , NEt 3 or NC 5 H 4 Me-4) cleaves a CO bond in the THF ring with the formation of the complexes [Mn(CO) 3 { η 5 -7,8-C 2 B 9 H 10 -10-O(CH 2 ) 3 CH 2 L} similar process occurs on treatment of 1 with [NEt 4 ]I, yielding the unstable salt [NEt 4 ][Mn(CO) 3 { η 5 -7,8-C 4 B 9 H 10 -10-O(CH 2 ) 4 I}]. NMR data ( 1 H, 13 C{ 1 H}, 11 B{ 1 H}) for the new compounds are reported.