cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indium Antimonide Detectors For Ground-Based Astronomy

Many of the recent advances in infrared astronomy in the 1 - 5 μm region have been the result of efforts to utilize and optimize indium antimonide (InSb) detectors for this application. This paper will briefly review the progress which has been made in obtaining 2 μm NEP values as low as 10-16w-Hz-1/2 with photovoltaic InSb. More recent efforts have concentrated on other types of InSb operation, such as CID's and CCD's, which are more suited to array formats for spectroscopic and imaging applications. Advances in the fabrication of InSb photodiodes makes possible the integration of photocurrent on the detector capacitance, with the potential of measuring infrared fluxes of a few photon/s during integration times > 1000 s.
Liposome division by a simple bacterial division machinery

We previously reconstituted Z rings in tubular multilamellar liposomes with FtsZ-YFP-mts, where mts is a membrane-targeting amphiphilic helix. These reconstituted Z rings generated a constriction force but did not divide the thick-walled liposomes. Here we developed a unique system to observe Z rings in unilamellar liposomes. FtsZ-YFP-mts incorporated inside large, unilamellar liposomes formed patches that produced concave distortions when viewed at the equator of the liposome. When viewed en face at the top of the liposome, many of the patches were seen to be small Z rings, which still maintained the concave depressions. We also succeeded in reconstituting the more natural, two-protein system, with FtsA and FtsZ-YFP (having the FtsA-binding peptide instead of the mts). Unilamellar liposomes incorporating FtsA and FtsZ-YFP showed a variety of distributions, including foci and linear arrays. A small fraction of liposomes had obvious Z rings. These Z rings could constrict the liposomes and in some cases appeared to complete the division, leaving a clear septum between the two daughter liposomes. Because complete liposome divisions were not seen with FtsZ-mts, FtsA may be critical for the final membrane scission event. We demonstrate that reconstituted cell division machinery apparently divides the liposome in vitro.
Effect of Viscosity and Reynolds Number for Flow in Converging Microchannels

The interface between intersecting microfluidic flows is investigated experimentally. Two microchannel configurations are studied. Each configuration has a main channel and an intersecting daughter channel. The channel cross sections are equal and square with the intersection either at 90 or 45 degrees. Flow visualization is achieved using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The flow interface is examined for equal and unequal viscosities and a range of Reynolds numbers. Viscosity differences and Reynolds numbers influence the three-dimensional nature of the interface. As the Reynolds number increases, the increased flow inertia produces curvature in the interface surface perpendicular to the flow. Curvature is also evident in flows with unequal viscosities. The interface location at fixed flow ratios is independent of the Reynolds number, but varies significantly with unequal viscosity ratios. Viscosity and Reynolds number effects are similar in both the 45 and 90 degree configurations.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Underwater communication using return current density

A method of underwater communication has been demonstrated in which a return-current-density field spreads over seawater in the vicinity of an insulated conductor connected to a pair of electrodes. This letter is concerned with the calculation of the current-density distribution.
On-wire lithography: synthesis, encoding and biological applications

The next step in the maturing field of nanotechnology is to develop ways to introduce unusual architectural changes to simple building blocks. For nanowires, on-wire lithography (OWL) has emerged as a powerful way of synthesizing a segmented structure and subsequently introducing architectural changes through post-chemical treatment. In the OWL protocol presented here, multisegmented nanowires are grown and a support layer is deposited on one side of each nanostructure. After selective chemical etching of sacrificial segments, structures with gaps as small as 2 nm and disks as thin as 20 nm can be created. These nanostructures are highly tailorable and can be used in electrical transport, Raman enhancement and energy conversion. Such nanostructures can be functionalized with many types of adsorbates, enabling the use of OWL-generated structures as bioactive probes for diagnostic assays and molecular transport junctions. The process takes 13–36 h depending on the type of adsorbate used to functionalize the nanostructures.
Drawing of Tubes Filled With Particulate Solids

The principal parameters involved in drawing of tubes filled with metallic, mineral, and organic powders were investigated on small copper, mild steel, and 304 stainless tubing. The type of filler controlled the change of the ratio of diameter to wall thickness which increased at first but becanne constant after a certain reduction. The above increase could be held at a minimum by employing a center rod of ductile metal separated from the tube by a powder barrier. Such particulate core need not necessarily be an integral part of the product but can be used as a deformable mandrel'' and eventually removed from the reduced tube by melting, dissolving, or washing the powder out. This drawing procedure appears to have potential for warm reducing of refractory metal tubing because of the substantial heat capacity of the quasi-solid cross section and the elimination of relative slippage and possible local welding (galling) between tube and inside tool. (auth)
Filling in of Fraunhofer lines in the ocean by Brillouin scattering

We have investigated the relative contribution of Brillouin scattering to the filling in of both narrow and wide Fraunhofer lines in the ocean. The spectral behavior of the filling in was studied in two ways. First we studied Fraunhofer lines of variable width, such as the 455-nm Ba line with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) = 0.02 nm, the 486-nm Hβ line (FWHM = 0.08 nm), and the 518-nm Mg line (FWHM = 0.11 nm). We then used the 455-nm Ba line as a narrow-line model to calculate the spectral dependence of the filling in. We found that Brillouin scattering can play a significant role in the filling in of narrow Fraunhofer lines in the ocean. We have also shown that, compared with the filling in caused by Raman scattering, the filling in caused by Brillouin scattering has less dependence on both the wavelength and ocean depth but is strongly dependent on the linewidth of the Fraunhofer line.
Antigenic Nature of Bacterial Flagellar Hook Structures

The bacterial flagellar hook is antigenically distinct from the remainder of the flagellum. This conclusion is based on electron microscopic observation of intact flagella coated with antisera prepared with flagellar filaments and purified flagellar hooks.
DELPHI STUDY ON BRIDGE CONDITION RATING AND EFFECTS OF IMPROVEMENTS

As part of an effort to develop guidelines for appraising bridge improvement needs, a Delphi study was conducted to seek opinions from bridge inspectors and engineers in the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). The specific objectives of the study were to: (1) Establish relationships between subjective bridge condition ratings and the FHWA's numeric ratings; (2) assess relationships between the subjective rating and the severity and extent of distresses; (3) find relationships between the numeric condition rating and the expected remaining service life of bridges; and (4) estimate the effect of improvements upon the numeric condition rating and expected remaining service life of bridge components. The perception of bridge condition and the interpretation of FHWA's numeric condition rating varied among the bridge inspectors. The Delphi rounds helped to evaluate the amount of variation and subsequently to decrease it. As for the remaining service life of bridges, results from the Delphi analysis an...
The epidemiology of abdominal aortic diameter

Background The diameter of the abdominal aorta is central to the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. This study aimed to determine the associations between the diameter of the abdominal aorta at three distinct locations and the traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as calcified atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 504 patients (41% women) underwent whole body scanning by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) and a standardized assessment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. The resulting EBCT images were retrospectively interrogated for the diameter of the abdominal aorta just inferior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), just superior to the aortic bifurcation, and at the midpoint between the SMA and bifurcation. Results Mean patient age was 57.8 years. The mean (SD) diameter was 21.3 (2.9) mm at the SMA, 19.3 (2.5) mm at the midpoint, and 18.6 (2.2) mm at the bifurcation. In a model containing the traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, age (standardized β = 0.96), male sex (β = 3.06), and body mass index (standardized β = 0.68) were significantly associated with increasing aortic diameter at the SMA ( P P P = .02) increases, respectively, in aortic diameter at the SMA. The results were similar for the midpoint (β = 0.19, P P = .01, respectively) and bifurcation (β = 0.09, P P = .03, respectively). Conclusions Age, sex, body mass index, and the presence and extent of calcified atherosclerosis in both the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries are significantly associated with increasing aortic diameter independent of the other cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Dancing Around (Dis)Ability How Nondisabled Girls Are Affected by Participation in a Dance Program for Girls With Disabilities

In this article, we heed lessons from Laurel Richardson’s After a Fall: A Sociomedical Sojourn to investigate how nondisabled high school–aged girls are affected by their volunteer experiences in B...
Prison Architecture and Inmate Misconduct: A Multilevel Assessment

Researchers have not yet devoted sufficient attention to the effect of prison architecture on inmate misconduct. Using data from the population of male prisoners in Texas, the authors explored the association between two prison architectural design types (as determined by satellite imagery) and inmate misconduct. The results from multilevel statistical analyses suggest that architectural design is associated with nonviolent misconduct but not violent misconduct. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Workload-driven selective hardening of control state elements in modern microprocessors

We present a method for selective hardening of control state elements against soft errors in modern microprocessors. In order to effectively allocate resources, our method seeks to rank the control state elements based on their susceptibility, taking into account the high degree of architectural masking inherent in modern microprocessors. The novelty of our method lies in the way this ranking is computed. Unlike methods that compute the architectural vulnerability of registers based on high-level simulations on performance models, our method operates at the Register Transfer (RT-) Level and is, therefore, more accurate. In contrast to previous RT-Level methods, however, it does not rely on extensive transient fault injection campaigns and lengthy executions of workloads to completion, which may make such analysis prohibitive. Instead, it monitors the behavior of key global microprocessor signals in response to a progressive stuck-at fault injection method during partial workload execution. Experimentation with the Scheduler module of an Alpha-like microprocessor corroborates that our method generates a near-optimal ranking, yet is several orders of magnitude faster.
N,N′-alkane-diyl-bis-3-picoliniums as nicotinic receptor antagonists: Inhibition of nicotine-evoked dopamine release and hyperactivity

The current study evaluated a new series of N,N'-alkane-diyl-bis-3-picolinium (bAPi) analogs with C6-C12 methylene linkers as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, for nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine (DA) overflow, for blood-brain barrier choline transporter affinity, and for attenuation of discriminative stimulus and locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine. bAPi analogs exhibited little affinity for alpha4beta2* (* indicates putative nAChR subtype assignment) and alpha7* high-affinity ligand binding sites and exhibited no inhibition of DA transporter function. With the exception of C6, all analogs inhibited nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow (IC50 = 2 nM-6 microM; Imax = 54-64%), with N,N'-dodecane-1,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide (bPiDDB; C12) being most potent. bPiDDB did not inhibit electrically evoked [3H]DA overflow, suggesting specific nAChR inhibitory effects and a lack of toxicity to DA neurons. Schild analysis suggested that bPiDDB interacts in an orthosteric manner at nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow. To determine whether bPiDDB interacts with alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive alpha6beta2-containing nAChRs, slices were exposed concomitantly to maximally effective concentrations of bPiDDB (10 nM) and alpha-conotoxin MII (1 nM). Inhibition of nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow was not different with the combination compared with either antagonist alone, suggesting that bPiDDB interacts with alpha6beta2-containing nAChRs. C7, C8, C10, and C12 analogs exhibited high affinity for the blood-brain barrier choline transporter in vivo, suggesting brain bioavailability. Although none of the analogs altered the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine, C8, C9, C10, and C12 analogs decreased nicotine-induced hyperactivity in nicotine-sensitized rats, without reducing spontaneous activity. Further development of nAChR antagonists that inhibit nicotine-evoked DA release and penetrate brain to antagonize DA-mediated locomotor stimulant effects of nicotine as novel treatments for nicotine addiction is warranted.
A new technique for solving robot calibration equations with partially known constraints

This paper presents an improved method for deducing kinematic parameters from constrained calibration data. The method assumes that the calibration data is constrained such that for each recorded set of joint angles, the endpoint of the robot satisfies some parameterized mathematical constraint. Suitable mathematical constraint equations include points, lines, circles, spheres, planes, hyperplanes, and others. The constraint equations do not need to be fully known; some parameters of the constraints can be unknown, and the method can still be employed. The method prescribes a nonlinear transformation of the solution equations into a new space in which a vector function of parameters multiplies a vector function of joint variables. In this transformed space, the vector function of parameters can be identified using a linear, least-squares approach. Subsequently, the transformed parameter-function vector is solved analytically for the actual parameter values. This approach differs from existing, iterative techniques in that there are no numerical problems of local-minima traps, slow convergence rates, null-space wandering or instability. Examples are presented to illustrate the method, and results are presented for calibration of an AdeptOne robot. >
Finding good peers in peer-to-peer networks

As computing and communication capabilities have continued to increase, more and more activity is taking place at the edges of the network, typically in homes or on workers desktops. This trend has been demonstrated by the increasing popularity and usability of "peer-to-peer" systems, such as Napster and Gnutella. Unfortunately, this popularity has quickly shown the limitations of these systems, particularly in terms of scale. Because the networks form in an ad-hoc manner, they typically make inefficient use of resources. We propose a mechanism, using only local knowledge, to improve the overall performance of peer-to-peer networks based on interests. Peers monitor which other peers frequently respond successfully to their requests for information. When a peer is discovered to frequently provide good results, the peer attempts to move closer to it in the network by creating a new connection with that peer. This leads to clusters of peers with similar interests, and in turn allows us to limit the depth of searches required to find good results. We have implemented our algorithm in the context of a distributed encyclopedia-style information-sharing application which is built on top of the Gnutella network. In our testing environment, we have shown the ability to greatly reduce the amount of communication resources required to find the desired articles in the encyclopedia.
Optimizing therapeutic efficacy of chemopreventive agents: A critical review of delivery strategies in oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials

Due to its characterized progression from recognized premalignant oral epithelial changes (i.e., oral epithelial dysplasia) to invasive cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma represents an optimal disease for chemopreventive intervention prior to malignant transformation. The primary goal of oral cancer chemoprevention is to reverse, suppress, or inhibit the progression of premalignant lesions to cancer. Over the last several decades, numerous oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials have assessed the therapeutic efficacy of diverse chemopreventive agents. The standard of care for more advanced oral dysplastic lesions entails surgical excision and close clinical follow-up due to the potential (~33%) for local recurrence at a similar or more advanced histological stage. The purpose of this review was to identify prominent oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials, assess their overall therapeutic efficacy, and delineate effects of local versus systemic drug administration. In addition, these compiled clinical trial data present concepts for consideration in the design and conduction of future clinical trials.
Space-time block codes for eight transmit antennas

In this paper we present full-rate complex nonorthogonal codes for eight transmit antennas and compare their performance to orthogonal designs that provide the same spectral efficiency. The proposed codes have a structure that allows simplified maximum likelihood decoding at the receiver. The decoding scheme is further simplified for rectangular constellations where the real and imaginary parts can be decoded separately. Finally it is shown that the performance of the nonorthogonal codes can be improved significantly by employing a constellation rotation scheme (Sharma et al. (2002)) and this improvement can be attributed to the change in the rank distribution of the code.
Business application of artificial intelligence knowledge based expert systems

Abstract Business organizations have shown a broad range of interest in knowledge based systems, including not only expert systems but also advisory systems, to assist experts in their tasks, and checklist systems to support clerical workers. These interests can be displayed by mapping existing and planned systems along two axes: the role a system in intended to serve and the complexity of the problem environment with which the system must deal. The maps provide a vehicle for understanding the rationales employed by businesses in making decisions to build knowledge based systems. They also provide a basis for understanding what currently is practical, and what barriers exist that will limit the future growth of business knowledge based systems.
On the Shape Evolution of Coherent Precipitates: Discrete Atom Method

Morphological evolution of coherent precipitates with arbitrary transformation strain is studied via a discrete atom method. With a purely dilatational misfit strain, a soft precipitate tends to have a plate-like equilibrium shape, whereas a hard precipitate takes up a shape of high symmetry such as a circle. If the stiffness is comparable between the matrix and precipitate, however, the equilibrium shape depends on the degree of anisotropy, misfit strain, size, and interfacial energy. Shape bifurcation phenomena from circular to rectangular shapes are also revealed during clustering. With either a tetragonal misfit strain of mixed signs or a pure shear misfit strain, a precipitate takes up a plate-like shape whose major axis lies along the direction containing an invariant line in accordance with the continuum elasticity prediction. Both elastic anisotropy and elastic inhomo-geneity exert little influence on the preferred orientation relationship. With a misfit strain of combined shear and dilatation, a precipitate follows an orientation and shape dictated by both components of the misfit strain.
Abundance of Beneficial Arthropods on Cotton Genotypes

Experiments conducted during 1969 and 1970 near the upper Gulf Coast of Texas revealed that certain naturally occurring beneficial arthropods showed preference for certain cotton genotypes. Hirsute genotypes generally supported fewer beneficial arthropods than did early maturing, glabrous genotypes. Sampling of arthropods by a suction type (D-Vac®) sampler and whole-plant examination revealed that greater numbers of predators were usually found by whole-plant examination.
Assessing recognition memory using confidence ratings and response times.

Classification of stimuli into categories (such as ‘old’ and ‘new’ in tests of recognition memory or ‘present’ versus ‘absent’ in signal detection tasks) requires the mapping of internal signals to discrete responses. Introspective judgements about a given choice response are regularly employed in research, legal and clinical settings in an effort to measure the signal that is thought to be the basis of the classification decision. Correlations between introspective judgements and task performance suggest that such ratings often do convey information about internal states that are relevant for a given task, but well-known limitations of introspection call the fidelity of this information into question. We investigated to what extent response times can reveal information usually assessed with explicit confidence ratings. We quantitatively compared response times to confidence ratings in their ability to qualify recognition memory decisions and found convergent results suggesting that much of the information from confidence ratings can be obtained from response times.
Characteristics of General Aviation Accidents Involving Male and Female Pilots

Abstract. Studies examining aviation accidents have not found differences in accident rates by gender, although there may be gender differences in the types of accident. One study examined accident rates of male and female private pilots and found that males were more likely to have accidents related to inattention or poor planning while female pilots were more likely to have accidents due to mishandling of the aircraft. This research analyzed the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB) aviation accident database system to examine the severity of injury and aircraft damage in general aviation accidents by gender. The data indicated that female pilots have accidents with higher aircraft damage and personnel injury rates at lower levels of training and experience compared with male pilots, but they then have significantly fewer accidents compared with male pilots at higher levels of experience.
Research on Precoding for MIMO System with SVD,GMD and UCD

The principle of precoding algorithm of the singular value decomposition(SVD),the geometric mean diameter decomposition(GMD) and uniform channel decomposition(UCD) algorithms for MIMO system are studied,and a detailed comparative study of these three algorithms are performed.According to the calculation of the bit error rate of SVD,GMD and UCD under the condition of different feedback noise errors,the influence of the feedback errors of the precoding matrix on the performance SVD,GMD and UCD can be observed.
The Price of Public Disengagement

I come to this essay from different perspectives but with one primary theme: I am engaged presently in a major research and writing project addressing the role of the bystander in the Holocaust, primarily focusing on the “death marches” in late 1944-Spring 1945; the project will examine, in particular: In late 1944, the tide of war had turned and Allied forces moved across Europe in a series of offensives on Germany. The Nazis decided to evacuate outlying concentration camps. In the final months of the war, SS guards forced inmates on death marches in an attempt to prevent the Allied liberation of large numbers of prisoners. Those death marches passed directly through many towns, and many died literally at the front doors of townspeople. Many died from starvation, disease, exhaustion, and cold, and thousands more were shot along the way. It is estimated that 250,000 concentration camp prisoners were murdered or died in the forced death marches that were conducted during the last 10 months of World War II. The Bystander project focuses on complicity while this essay examines the danger to society posed by those who disengage from the public domain in the face of extremism. The similarities between the two projects, bystanders and disengagement, have a common philosophical underpinning: a stepping back from constructive contribution to mainstream society and facilitating, to varying degrees, harm to otherwise innocent individuals. The bystander clearly saw and chose to ignore; the disengaged clearly removed himself or saw harm yet sought an alternative means to express his disenchantment from mainstream society. In both instances, the potential for substantial harm clearly exists. The question, as discussed in this essay, is how to respond in the face of incitement, aggression and extremism.
Elopement and Defiant Matches: Marrying Outside the Bounds of Propriety

Throughout the early modern and modern periods, British society assumed that aristocratic women would marry in such a way as to further the interests of their natal families and preserve aristocratic rank identity. Some women, however, did not conform to these societal strictures and chose to pursue their desire for love in their marital relationships. In some instances, they defied their families and married according to their own will on their first marriage; that is, they eloped.1 More often, they entered into defiant matches; that is, they exercised their agency when entering into subsequent unions, choosing a mate considered by their family to be unsuitable. Frequently both elopements and defiant matches resulted in hypogamy or exogamy (which explains in part why the couple’s families often opposed the marriages). This chapter focuses on elopements and defiant matches and the light that such matches shed on conceptions of rank. The relatively small number of elopements and defiant matches indicates that it was difficult — though possible — for aristocratic women to exercise agency in the matter of their marriages. Society nearly always disapproved of these matches, seeing them as violating deeply held strictures about appropriate unions. The marriages of aristocratic women were controlled so firmly because those marriages were vital to the preservation of noble rank identity. Simply the fact that the unions were so controlled was an important part of that rank identity. Women who chose to marry without the permission of their families posed a threat to the cohesion of the group and thus Society rarely was sympathetic to these women.
Regulation of Expression of Hyperalgesic Priming by Estrogen Receptor α in the Rat.

Abstract Hyperalgesic priming, a sexually dimorphic model of transition to chronic pain, is expressed as prolongation of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia by the activation of an additional pathway including an autocrine mechanism at the plasma membrane. The autocrine mechanism involves the transport of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to the extracellular space, and its conversion to AMP and adenosine, by ecto-5′phosphodiesterase and ecto-5′nucleotidase, respectively. The end product, adenosine, activates A1 receptors, producing delayed onset prolongation of prostaglandin E2 hyperalgesia. We tested the hypothesis that the previously reported, estrogen-dependent, sexual dimorphism observed in the induction of priming is present in the mechanisms involved in its expression, as a regulatory effect on ecto-5′nucleotidase by estrogen receptor α (EsRα), in female rats. In the primed paw AMP hyperalgesia was dependent on conversion to adenosine, being prevented by ecto-5′nucleotidase inhibitor α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt and A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. To investigate an interaction between EsRα and ecto-5′nucleotidase, we treated primed female rats with oligodeoxynucleotide antisense or mismatch against EsRα messenger RNA. Whereas in rats treated with antisense AMP-induced hyperalgesia was abolished, the A1 receptor agonist N 6 -cyclopentiladenosine still produced hyperalgesia. Thus, EsRα interacts with this autocrine pathway at the level of ecto-5′nucleotidase. These results demonstrate a sexually dimorphic mechanism for the expression of priming. Perspective This study presents evidence of an estrogen-dependent mechanism of expression of chronic pain in female rats, supporting the suggestion that differential targets must be considered when establishing protocols for the treatment of painful conditions in men and women.
Childhood Obesity: Psychological Correlates and Recommended Therapeutic Strategies

Publisher Summary The implementation of behavioral, cognitive, and motivational strategies, alongside dietary and physical activity modifications, has proven to be effective in managing the weight status of overweight youth. Underscoring the importance of early intervention for obesity is the finding that long-term weight loss has been shown to be more successful with preadolescents than for adults, perhaps because of the higher malleability of behaviors or biological processes earlier in life. However, in their 2006 meta-analytic review of pediatric weight-loss programs, Stice, Shaw, and Marti reported that only 21% of the 64 treatment programs resulted in significant decreases in participants' weight. Thus, though preliminary findings indicate that incorporating the behavioral strategies outlined in this chapter may enhance the outcomes of weight management programs, substantially more research is needed to provide evidence of their efficacy. It has been suggested that obesity could be considered “a rubric of many diseases, each with a unique etiology, course, and treatment.”
Being out Matters for Lesbian Faculty: Personal Identities Influence Professional Experiences

Five lesbian faculty who were out in the workplace had positive personal and professional experiences in relation to how they negotiated family, campus culture, community, and personal fulfillment. This phenomenological qualitative study offers an alternative to deficit model research by exploring the participants’ lived-experiences using a feminist constructivist framework to highlight the shared consensus of the participants’ experiences. Based on these experiences, higher education administration can support positive intersections of work and personal life in order to maintain or create a healthy environment for lesbian and diverse faculty. Some recommendations are: develop and promote events and programs specifically for LGBT faculty and staff, merge the overall LGBT community with the campus LGBT community to address quality of life concerns, provide opportunities for all of campus to educate themselves on LGBT issues, and ensure that information for and about LGBT faculty and staff is readily available.
Abstract WMP20: Validation of an Efficient Machine-learning Approach to Quantify CSF Volume Changes Using Multicenter CT Scans

Introduction: CSF volumetric change within the first 24hrs after ischemic stroke (ΔCSF) may be an early imaging biomarker of cerebral edema. The ability to accurately and rapidly quantify ΔCSF in l...
Computed tomography measured psoas density predicts outcomes in trauma.

Background Age-related loss of muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) is linked to poor outcomes after operation and trauma. Here we evaluate computed tomography measured psoas muscle density and area using quick and simple tools available to the bedside clinician. We hypothesize these measures will predict poor outcomes after blunt traumatic injury. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ages ≥45 years in the Ohio State University Trauma Registry in 2008 that received a computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and/or pelvis with intravenous contrast. Psoas Index and Hounsfield unit average calculation were measured at the L3 level. In the study, 90-day mortality, complication, duration of stay ≥7 days, and dependent discharge were compared with Psoas Index and Hounsfield unit average calculation. Results In the study, 151 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were stratified into interquartile ranges based either on Psoas Index or Hounsfield unit average calculation values. After adjustment with sex-specific cutoffs, the lowest interquartile range of Psoas Index was associated with 90-day mortality (relative risk [RR] 5.95, P Conclusion Psoas muscle density is a significant predictor of poor outcomes after traumatic injury. This objective, quick, and readily available measure of sarcopenia can identify patients requiring aggressive nutritional and physical therapy to improve prognosis, prevent recurrent traumatic injury, and aid in discharge planning.
A Survey of Health Management User Objectives Related to Diagnostic and Prognostic Metrics

One of the most prominent technical challenges to effective deployment of health management systems is the vast difference in user objectives with respect to engineering development. In this paper, a detailed survey on the objectives of different users of health management systems is presented. These user objectives are then mapped to the metrics typically encountered in the development and testing of two main systems health management functions: diagnosis and prognosis. Using this mapping, the gaps between user goals and the metrics associated with diagnostics and prognostics are identified and presented with a collection of lessons learned from previous studies that include both industrial and military aerospace applications.
Drug Concentration Monitoring

The application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) principles to individualize a patient’s drug regimen has resulted in significant improvements in the clinical use of many drugs. Improved techniques for laboratory analysis of drug concentrations and better documentation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs has led to widespread application of TDM. Appropriate utilization of TDM requires a coordinated effort among many disciplines, including clinical chemistry, clinical pharmacy/pharmacology and medicine. Due to the demands of prospective reimbursement for payment of health care in many countries, TDM programs will likely undergo further evaluation for its cost-effectiveness through reductions in the costs of hospital care and/or improvements in clinical outcome.
A Ban by Any Other Name.

In January 2017, President Trump issued an executive order temporarily barring entry of immigrants from certain Muslim-majority countries to the United States. I am a U.S. citizen and do not belong to any of the banned countries. I was raised as a Muslim, but now identify as an atheist. In fact,
3D Printed Metalized Plastic Waveguides for Microwave Components

Abstract This paper investigates the design and fabrication of 3D printed waveguide and their application for the design of microwave passive components. This includes a simple waveguide structure, a band pass filter, and a leaky wave. A Lego-like approach is used to assemble together different 3D printed sub-sections after metal coating. These allow the structure to be fabricated in multiple layers. Simulation and measured results match closely. Details of modeling, fabrication and measurement are presented for these three passive components.
Interaction Heterogeneity can Favorably Impact Colloidal Crystal Nucleation.

Colloidal particles with short-ranged attractions, e.g., micron-scale spheres functionalized with single-stranded DNA oligomers, are susceptible to becoming trapped in disordered configurations even when a crystalline arrangement is the ground state. Moreover, for reasons that are not well understood, seemingly minor variations in the particle formulation can lead to dramatic changes in the crystallization outcome. We demonstrate, using a combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium computer simulations, that interaction heterogeneity---variations in the energetic interactions among different particle pairs in the population---may favorably impact crystal nucleation. Specifically, interaction heterogeneity is found to lower the free energy barrier to nucleation via the formation of clusters comprised preferentially of strong-binding particle pairs. Moreover, gelation is inhibited by ``spreading out over time'' the nucleation process, resulting in a reduced density of stable nuclei, allowing each to grow unhindered and larger. Our results suggest a simple and robust approach for enhancing colloidal crystallization near the ``sticky sphere'' limit, and support the notion that differing extents of interaction heterogeneity arising from various particle functionalization protocols may contribute to the otherwise unexplained variations in crystallization outcomes reported in the literature.
The influence of calcium on the rabbit lens sodium pump.

Purpose. Experiments were conducted to examine how elevation of calcium in the lens impairs the lens sodium pump. Methods. Rabbit lenses were incubated in the presence or absence of calcium ionophore A23187. 8fi Rb uptake by the intact lens was measured as an index of sodium pump activity. Na,K-ATPase (ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphate [ATP] hydrolysis) activity was determined in membrane material isolated from the lens. Lens ion content and ATP content also were determined. Results. Rabbit lenses gained calcium after exposure to calcium ionophore A23187 or ionomycin. Ionophore-treated lenses also gained sodium and lost potassium. A diminished rale of 80 Rb uptake observed in ionophore-treated lenses suggests that elevation of lens calcium leads to sodium pump inhibition. In contrast, the rate of 86 Rb efflux was not altered by A23.187, indicating that elevated lens calcium causes little change in passive cation permeability. Membranes isolated from A23187-ireated lenses were found to have normal Na,K-ATPase activity. However, calcium had a small direct inhibitory effect upon the Na,K-ATPase activity measured in freshly prepared lens membranes isolated from control (nonionophore-treated) lenses. Using a luciferase assay, A23187-treated lenses were found to have a normal ATP content. Conclusions. Calcium may impair the ability of the lens Na,K-ATPase to pump ions in the intact lens, but appears to leave the ATP-hydrolyzing capability of the isolated enzyme unchanged. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1 993;34:405-41 2.
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

This chapter provides an overview of the lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus. This virus belongs to the Poxviridae family and causes multiple nodules in the skin and affects mucous membranes. It also causes lymphadenitis. The hosts to the LSD virus are cattle and buffalos. The virus has not been reported outside of Africa. Histopathology, tissue culture cytopathology, and fluorescent antibody are some of the diagnostic techniques of LSD. The virus has been compared with the Allerton, Bovine mammillitis virus, which produces lesions similar to the early stages of LSD. Immunofluorescent assay and the micro-serum neutralization test are both good serological tests for the diagnosis of the LSD virus. The chapter also highlights the key development and historical movement of the virus. The LSD virus was first described in the southern regions of Africa and Madagascar in 1929. The Neethling virus is the cause of it. Vaccines for LSD have been developed.
The Democratic Marketplace of Ideas in Foreign Policy: Does it Work?

Scholars of international relations have frequently claimed that liberal democracies implement superior foreign and security policies relative to non-democracies due to the presence of a vibrant “marketplace of ideas” in established liberal democracies. However, international relations scholars have not spelled out the causal logic of this relationship in detail. In fact, the marketplace of ideas logic implicitly rests upon a faulty application of economic theory to the foreign policy sphere. In economic theory, efficient markets require, among other things, perfect information and low barriers to entry. Yet a substantial body of scholarship, particularly in the American Politics literature, suggests that the “marketplace of ideas” for security policy will rarely if ever meet these preconditions for effective operation. The executive branch’s inherent authority in security policy matters constitutes a substantial “barrier to entry” for other actors' ideas and their proponents. Similarly, the executive branch controls a significant amount of private information (particularly classified intelligence), which violates the perfect information assumption, giving the government a monopoly advantage. Lastly, the media does not have the power necessary to regulate this monopoly advantage. Therefore, we typically should not expect the democratic marketplace of ideas to fulfill the function ascribed to it in much of the literature. Only when control of the government is divided do societal actors exist with both the means and motive to challenge the official policy and spark a real debate on security policy.
Equilibrium analysis for an epidemic model with a reservoir for infection

We consider a system of non-linear differential equations describing the spread of an epidemic in two interacting populations. The model assumes that the epidemic spreads within the first p...
Toward a Rule-Based Model of Human Choice: On the Nature of Homo Constitutionalus

James Buchanan wrote many short pieces on human nature and on the weaknesses of the rational choice model used by mainstream economics. Although he normally used such models in his own work, he recognized that their usefulness was limited to only a subset of choice settings. This chapter provides the rule-based model of choice that Buchanan may have had in the back of his mind when writing his critiques. It is not an effort at mind reading, but rather develops a model of rule-bound but not rule-determined choice that is consistent with Buchanan’s remarks on human nature and with contemporary research from evolutionary psychology. It develops a theory of self-constitutions or homo constitutionalus.
Public relations intersections: Statues, monuments, and narrative continuity

Abstract Public relations theory addresses strategic processes, including rhetorical strategies, that enable critical understanding of why and how communities develop, promulgate, and use text, in this case, statues and monuments, to establish narrative continuity based on moral judgment in the pursuit of relatedness. That paradigm reasons that narratives provide enactable continuity that binds the past, present, and future to culturally guide coordinated discourse and action. How statues and monuments are important to that end can be demonstrated by public relations practice in the United States: Post-Civil War to today. To develop that theme, this paper discusses how statues and monuments serve as textual resources that bind time and moralize behavior through commemoration/counter commemoration. As an intersection with narrative theory, epideictic rhetoric has celebrated (or condemned) citizenship actions that reflect and define moral behavior. Such rhetoric uses moral standards to judge acts, and advocates acts as worthy of praise as they exemplify moral standards. If standards change, acts that once were lauded can become condemned as unworthy of praise. Using the civil society intersection of narrative continuity, epideictic rhetoric, and relational capital, three eras will be examined to demonstrate the issue cause-related intersection of statues/monuments in the USA: (1) Post-Civil War and Reconstruction (roughly 1868–1900), (2) Jim Crow era (late 19th and early 20th century); and (3) recent efforts to erect, protect, and remove statues and monuments that support or disrupt the narrative continuity that enacts race-based marginalization and disempowerment as relatedness tensions.
Unsupervised Detection of Apnea Using Commodity RFID Tags With a Recurrent Variational Autoencoder

With the rapid development of intelligent health sensing in the Internet of Things (IoT), vital sign monitoring (e.g., respiration) and abnormal respiration detection have attracted increasing attention. Considering the challenging and the cost of collecting labeled training data from patients with breathing related diseases, we develop the AutoTag system, an unsupervised recurrent variational autoencoder-based method for respiration rate estimation and abnormal breathing detection with off-the-shelf RFID tags. Moreover, for real-time breath monitoring, a novel method is proposed to cancel the distortion on measured phase values caused by channel hopping for FCC-complaint RFID systems. The efficacy of the proposed system is demonstrated by the extensive experiments conducted in two indoor environments, while the impact of various design and environmental factors is also evaluated.
Body and Pectoral Fin Kinematics During Routine Yaw Turning in Bonnethead Sharks (Sphyrna tiburo).

Maneuvering is a crucial locomotor strategy among aquatic vertebrates, common in routine swimming, feeding, and escape responses. Combinations of whole body and fin movements generate an imbalance of forces resulting in deviation from an initial path. Sharks have elongate bodies that bend substantially and, in combination with pectoral fin rotation, play a role in yaw (horizontal) turning, but previous studies focus primarily on maximal turning performance rather than routine maneuvers. Routine maneuvering is largely understudied in fish swimming, despite observations that moderate maneuvering is much more common than the extreme behaviors commonly described in the literature. In this study, we target routine maneuvering in the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. We use video reconstruction of moving morphology to describe three-dimensional pectoral fin rotation about three axes to compare to those previously described on yaw turning by the Pacific spiny dogfish. We quantify kinematic variables to understand the impacts of body and fin movements on routine turning performance. We also describe the anatomy of bonnethead pectoral fins and use muscle stimulation to confirm functional hypotheses about their role in actuating the fin. The turning performance metrics we describe for bonnethead sharks are comparable to other routine maneuvers described for the Pacific spiny dogfish and manta rays. These turns were substantially less agile and maneuverable than previously documented for other sharks, which we hypothesize results from the comparison of routine turning to maneuvering under stimulated conditions. We suggest that these results highlight the importance of considering routine maneuvering in future studies. Cinematica del Cuerpo y de las Aletas Pectorales Durante el giro en el eje Vertical en la Cabeza del Tiburon Pala (Sphyrna tiburo) (Body and Pectoral Fin Kinematics During Routine Yaw Turning in Bonnethead Sharks [Sphyrna tiburo]).