cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New models of Saturn's magnetic field using Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer data

In a reanalysis of the Vector Helium Magnetometer data taken by Pioneer 11 during its Saturn encounter in 1979, using improvements in the data set and in the procedures, studies are made of a variety of models. The best is the P(11)84 model, an axisymmetric spherical harmonic model of Saturn's magnetic field within 8 Saturn radii of the planet. The appropriately weighted root mean square average of the difference between the observed and the modeled field is 1.13 percent. For the Voyager-based Z3 model of Connerney, Acuna, and Ness, this average difference from the Pioneer 11 data is 1.81 percent. The external source currents in the magnetopause, tail, bow shock, and perhaps ring currents vary with time and can only be crudely modeled. An algebraic formula is derived for calculating the L shells on which energetic charged particles drift in axisymmetric fields.
Randomized trials analyzed as observational studies.

Randomized trials are not always free of confounding and selection bias. This commentary posits that randomized trials with long follow-up are similar to observational studies and that “intention-t...
A wearable system for detecting eating activities with proximity sensors in the outer ear

This paper presents an approach for automatically detecting eating activities by measuring deformations in the ear canal walls due to mastication activity. These deformations are measured with three infrared proximity sensors encapsulated in an off-the-shelf earpiece. To evaluate our method, we conducted a user study in a lab setting where 20 participants were asked to perform eating and non-eating activities. A user dependent analysis demonstrated that eating could be detected with 95.3% accuracy. This result indicates that proximity sensing offers an alternative to acoustic and inertial sensing in eating detection while providing benefits in terms of privacy and robustness to noise.
Lack of association between folate receptor autoantibodies and conotruncal congenital heart defects.

Conotruncal cardiac defects are partially prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation. However, the biochemical mechanism is unknown. Maternal autoantibodies to folate receptors, previously associated with increased risk for neural tube defects, also may account for this effect. This study aimed to examine the titers of folate receptor-blocking autoantibodies in mothers of children with conotruncal congenital heart defects and to compare them with those in the general population. Serum samples were obtained from 22 women whose pregnancies were complicated by conotruncal congenital heart malformations. Groups of samples were analyzed for autoantibodies against [3H] folic acid-labeled folate receptors, quantitative amounts of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM autoantibodies to the folate receptor, and for ability to block-bind folic acid to receptors. No elevated levels of antibodies binding to [3H] folic acid-labeled folate receptors were found. No difference was found in antifolate receptor alpha-IgG or IgM median levels between cases (261 vs. 240 μg/mL) and control subjects (773 vs. 924 μg/mL). There was no increased blocking of folic acid binding between cases [0.69 ng/mL; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.006–0.01] and control subjects (0.69 ng/mL; 95 % CI, 0.003–0.013). Although epidemiologic evidence suggests that periconceptual folic acid may prevent many conotruncal congenital heart defects, the current study suggests that this effect is unlikely to be explained by the presence of maternal autoantibodies to folate receptor. These data suggest that a strategy of screening women for such autoantibodies will not identify a high-risk group of women to target for supplemental folic acid to prevent congenital heart defects.
Remote sounding of the tropical cirrus cloud temperature and optical depth using 6.5 and 10.5 μm radiometers during STEP

A dual-channel retrieval technique involving the water vapor band at 6.5 microns and the window region at 10.5 microns has been developed to infer the temperature and emissivity of tropical anvils. This technique has been applied to data obtained from the ER-2 narrow field-of-view radiometers during two flights in the field observation of the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Project near Darwin, Australia, January-February 1987. The retrieved cloud temperatures are between 190 and 240 K, while the cloud emissivities derived from the retrieval algorithm range from about 0.2 to 1. Moreover, the visible optical depths have been obtained from the cloud emissivity through a theoretical parameterization with values of 0.5-10. A significant portion of tropical cirrus clouds are found to have optical depths greater than about 6. Because of the parameterization, the present technique is unable to precisely determine the optical depth values for optically thick cirrus clouds.
Abstract IA4: Linking RNA to human health and disease

In the 50 years since RNA was identified as a central component in the flow of genetic information, it has become increasingly clear that RNA is more than a mere messenger and instead performs vast and diverse functions. Numerous studies have revealed that the mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed, giving rise to many thousands of non-coding transcripts including a class of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). Raising the question of what do lincRNAs do? To address this question we have developed a ‘guilt by association’ to ‘predict’ lincRNA functions leading to hypothesis driven experimentation. Our guilt by association method pointed to a clear connection of lincRNAs and numerous cellular pathways ranging from pluripotency, cancer, adipogenesis to parasitology. Experimental perturbation experiments have unraveled a myriad of functional roles for lincRNAs in these pathways. Together, these results point to key regulatory roles for lincRNAs across diverse biological pathways and diseases, with a common theme of interfacing with and modulating protein regulatory complexes. Citation Format: Moran Cabili, Eric Lander, Pardis Sabeti, Aviv Regev, John L. Rinn, Cole Trapnell, Loyal Goff, Kate Broadbent, Mitchell Guttman. Linking RNA to human health and disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA4.
Sensory and analytical evaluations of paints with and without texanol.

Perception of odor can figure prominently in complaints about indoor air, yet identification of the responsible compound(s) is often difficult. For example, paint emissions contain a variety of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which may trigger reports of irritation and upper respiratory health effects. Texanol ester alcohol (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate), a paint coalescing agent, is frequently associated with the “persistent, characteristic odor” of water-based paint. To evaluate the sensory impact of Texanol, naive (unfamiliar with paint constituents) and experienced (familiar with paint constituents) subjects evaluated the odor properties of paints with and without Texanol. VOC emissions from neat paint and paint applied to gypsum wallboard were collected via solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/olfactometry. Regardless of subjectsʼ prior experience, aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, introduced...
A poly‐algorithm for parallel dense matrix multiplication on two‐dimensional process grid topologies

In this paper, we present several new and generalized parallel dense matrix multiplication algorithms of the form C = αAB + β C on two-dimensional process grid topologies. These algorithms can deal with rectangular matrices distributed on rectangular grids. We classify these algorithms coherently into three categories according to the communication primitives used and thus we offer a taxonomy for this family of related algorithms. All these algorithms are represented in the data distribution independent approach and thus do not require a specific data distribution for correctness. The algorithmic compatibility condition result shown here ensures the correctness of the matrix multiplication. We define and extend the data distribution functions and introduce permutation compatibility and algorithmic compatibility. We also discuss a permutation compatible data distribution (modified virtual 2D data distribution). We conclude that no single algorithm always achieves the best performance on different matrix and grid shapes. A practical approach to resolve this dilemma is to use poly-algorithms. We analyze the characteristics of each of these matrix multiplication algorithms and provide initial heuristics for using the poly-algorithm. All these matrix multiplication algorithms have been tested on the IBM SP2 system. The experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate their relative performance characteristics, motivating the combined value of the taxonomy and new algorithms introduced here. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vocal function and upper airway thermoregulation in five different environmental conditions.

Purpose Phonation threshold pressure and perceived phonatory effort were hypothesized to increase and upper airway temperature to decrease following exposure to cold and/or dry air. Greater changes...
The relationship of experimentally produced asthmatic attacks to certain acute life stresses

was used as a measure of the response to stress, showed two main mechanisms associated with acutely elevated blood pressures in healthy normotensives. One pattern was similar to that obtained after the injection of synthetic epinephrine (increased pulse rate, increased cardiac output, and decreased peripheral resistance), and the other pattern was similar to that obtained after the injection of nor-epinephrine (unchanged, slightly increased or decreased pulse, decreased cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance). Hickam, Cargill, and GoldenlO and Goldenberg and associates* reported similar findings. In the study reported in this paper, the cardiovascular responses of asthmatic patients to psychologic stresses were correlated with the severity and duration of asthmatic attacks experimentally produced by the injection of the drug Mecholyl.
Coulomb effects in atomic reactions in the presence of a low-frequency laser field

Peculiar theoretical results have been reported for reactions in the presence of a low-frequency laser field. These reactions are electron-ion scattering, the e-2e reaction, and photoionization. Each has a Coulomb potential in the initial and/or final state. The theory was carried out with a potential V/sub R/(r) which vanishes for r>R and is discontinuous at r = R. In response to suggestions that the peculiarities of the results are due to this discontinuity, we demonstrate that they are in fact independent of the way the potential is screened at large distances.
Examination of the influence of juvenile Atlantic salmon on the feeding mode of juvenile steelhead in Lake Ontario tributaries

Abstract We examined diets of 1204 allopatric and sympatric juvenile Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in three tributaries of Lake Ontario. The diet composition of both species consisted primarily of ephemeropterans, trichopterans, and chironomids, although juvenile steelhead consumed more terrestrial invertebrates, especially at the sympatric sites. Subyearlings of both species consumed small prey (i.e. chironomids) whereas large prey (i.e. perlids) made up a higher percentage of the diet of yearlings. The diet of juvenile steelhead at the allopatric sites was more closely associated with the composition of the benthos than with the drift, but was about equally associated with the benthos and drift at the sympatric sites. The diet of both subyearling and yearling Atlantic salmon was more closely associated with the benthos than the drift at the sympatric sites. The evidence suggests that juvenile steelhead may subtly alter their feeding behavior in sympatry with Atlantic salmon. This behavioral adaptation may reduce competitive interactions between these species.
The influence of reproductive traits on liana abundance 10 years after conventional and reduced-impacts logging in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

Abstract Balancing timber production and conservation in tropical forests requires an understanding of the impacts of silvicultural manipulations on specific groups of organisms. Lianas are characteristic of many tropical forests, where they contribute to species diversity, ecosystem functioning, and biomass. However, lianas can also impede timber production by increasing logging damage and slowing tree growth. Cutting lianas prior to logging can mitigate the negative effects, but may adversely affect a forest's value for conservation. To evaluate the effects of forest management activities on lianas, this study assessed the impacts of logging, both with and without pre-logging liana cutting, on the relative abundance and population structure of five species of lianas that differed in primary reproductive strategies. Inventories of the five study species were conducted 10 years following logging in 4.4 ha plots in three adjacent treatment areas: (1) an old-growth forest reserve, (2) a selectively-logged forest that used conventional practices for the region, and (3) a forest that was logged using reduced-impact logging (RIL) techniques including complete liana cutting prior to logging. Liana species responses to logging varied according to their primary modes of reproduction. Croton ascendens, a pioneer species with a persistent seed bank, had a higher abundance in the two logging treatments relative to the old-growth forest, while Serjania caracasana, an early successional species lacking a persistent seed bank, showed abundant regeneration following conventional logging but negligible regeneration following RIL. In contrast, Acacia multipinnata, also an early successional species, showed abundant regeneration following RIL owing to the sprouting of persistent prostrate stems present on the forest floor prior to logging. In both logged areas, Bauhinia guianensis recruited abundant climbing stems from self-supporting seedlings that were present prior to logging, but it showed greatly reduced seedling density following RIL. By sprouting profusely from both fallen stems and stumps, Memora schomburgkii recruited abundant small-diameter climbing stems in both of the logging treatments. The results of this study demonstrate that there are interspecific differences in liana responses to different types of logging and that knowing species’ primary modes of reproduction is a valuable first step toward predicting those responses.
Business cycle and asset valuation in the gaming industry

Abstract This study values takeover targets in the gaming industry and finds that privately held takeover targets command lower valuations than publicly traded firms. On average valuation multiples are 46% lower for private targets relative to public firms. This finding has significant implications for owners of privately held gaming companies who may consider a takeover as an option to maximize shareholder value. The study examines the effect of recessions and expansions on valuation. The discount of private targets relative to public targets is present at all stages of the business cycle. Acquisition targets receive lower valuations in recessions and the relative discount for private gaming firms deepens further in recessions. Jointly, the results suggest that recessions have an important impact on the market for corporate control in the gaming industry.
Abstract P5-20-09: Tumor mutational analysis and therapy outcomes for patients (pts) with metastatic/unresectable locally advanced myoepithelial/metaplastic breast cancer treated with PI3K targeted therapy

Background: Metaplastic breast cancers are considered a chemorefractory subset of triple negative breast cancers. Molecular profiling has demonstrated that metaplastic tumors are enriched for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), frequently express myoepithelial differentiation, make up a component of the ‘claudin-low’ subtype, and harbor relatively high rates of mutations/activation of the PI3kinase pathway (Hennessy, Cancer Research, 2009; Prat, Breast Cancer Res, 2010). Methods: Data from pts with myoepithelial/metaplastic breast cancer treated within the Center for Targeted Therapy using regimens with known inhibitors of the PI3K pathway were evaluated to determine response to therapy. Mutational analyses were performed in archived tumor samples when available. Results: 23 pts have been treated using 6 different therapy regimens and one pt was treated on two separate clinical trials for a total of 24 analyzable outcomes. Patients were treated with liposomal doxorubicin, bevacizumab and the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus (DAT, n=17); liposomal doxorubicin and temsirolimus (DT, n=1); paclitaxel, bevacizumab and temsirolimus (TAT, n=3); paclitaxel and temsirolimus (TT, n=1), paclitaxel in combination with an experimental PI3K inhibitor (TEx, n=1), or temsirolimus alone (tem, n=1). Response was measured every two cycles using RECIST criteria. Most pts had received prior chemotherapy, median of 2 prior regimens (range 0–7). Three patients were not evaluated for response, one who died of pneumonia during cycle 2 (DAT) and two who have not yet completed 2 cycles of therapy (DAT, TEx). Response rate (CR+PR) was 35% (CR = 2, PR=4, SD≥6 months=2, SD Conclusion: Activating mutations in the PI3K pathway are common in metaplastic breast cancers, a tumor subtype that shares molecular features with claudin-low and mesenchymal/mesenchymal-stem cell like triple negative breast cancers. DAT has demonstrated activity in myoepithelial/metaplastic breast cancer including two durable CRs to therapy. This regimen should be explored in larger, randomized trials to test superiority to chemotherapy alone. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-20-09.
Recognizing MSTAR target variants and articulations

The focus of this paper is recognizing articulated vehicles and actual vehicle configuration variants in real SAR images from the MSTAR public data. Using SAR scattering center locations and magnitudes as features, the invariance of these features is shown with articulation (i.e. turret rotation for the T72 tank and ZSU 23/4 gun), with configuration variants and with a small change in depression angle. This scatterer location and magnitude quasi-invariance (e.g. location within one pixel, magnitude within about ten percent in radar cross- section) is used as a basis for development of a SAR recognition engine that successfully identified real articulated and non-standard configuration vehicles based on non-articulated, standard recognition models. Identification performance results are presented as vote space scatter plots and ROC curves for configuration variants, for articulated objects and for a small change in depression angle with the MSTAR data.
High-resolution measurements of the thermal expansion of superconducting Co-doped BaFe2As2

High-resolution thermal expansion measurements of single crystalline ${\text{BaFe}}_{1.84}{\text{Co}}_{0.16}{\text{As}}_{2}$ and ${\text{BaFe}}_{1.77}{\text{Co}}_{0.23}{\text{As}}_{2}$ in the temperature range $5lTl300\text{ }\text{K}$ are reported. The thermal expansion is highly anisotropic, with the largest expansion along the $c$ axis. Distinct anomalies are present at the normal-to-superconducting phase-transition temperature ${T}_{c}$; the phase transition appears to be continuous. No structural transitions are observed over the temperature range of our measurements. The thermal expansion data and heat-capacity data acquired on the same specimens are used to estimate the volumetric pressure derivative of ${T}_{c}$ using the Ehrenfest relation.
Battlefield emission and multiple scattering (BEAMS): a 3D inhomogeneous radiative transfer model

The Battlefield Emission and Multiple Scattering (BEAMS) model computes the diffuse radiance fields in 3-dimensional clouds having spatially inhomogeneous concentrations and optical properties. The technique employs 26-stream radiative transfer calculations on a regular grid of aerosol concentrations. Incident illumination sources on the cloud include diffuse illumination, direct illumination, and finite width beam illumination. Volume emission effects as well as reflective and cyclic boundary conditions are also supported. The BEAMS model addresses a need for more realistic treatment of spatial fluctuations in aerosol and particulate clouds. Model comparisons are presented against known conditions, and examples are given of applications to modeling the spatial variability induced in background contrast and scene visualization.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Simplified Model for the Investigation of Acoustically Driven Combustion Instabilities

A simplified one-dimensional model of reactive flow is presented which captures features of aeropropulsion systems, including acoustically driven combustion instabilities. Although the resulting partial differential equations are one dimensional, they qualitatively describe observed phenomena, including, resonant frequencies and the admission of both steady and unsteady behavior. A number of simulations are shown which exhibit both steady and unsteady behavior, including flame migration and thermo acoustic instabilities. Finally, we present examples of unsteady flow resulting from fuel modulation.
A Bayesian machine learning method for sensor selection and fusion with application to on-board fault diagnostics

In applications like feature-level sensor fusion, the problem of selecting an optimal number of sensors can lead to reduced maintenance costs and the creation of compact online databases for future use. This problem of sensor selection can be reduced to the problem of selecting an optimal set of groups of features during model selection. This is a more complex problem than the problem of feature selection, which has been recognized as a key aspect of statistical model identification. This work proposes a new algorithm based on the use of a Bayesian framework for the purpose of selecting groups of features during regression and classification. The hierarchical Bayesian formulation introduces grouping for the parameters of a generalized linear model and the model hyper-parameters are estimated using an empirical Bayes procedure. A novel aspect of the algorithm is its ability to simultaneously perform feature selection within groups to reduce over-fitting of the data. Further, the parameters obtained from this algorithm can be used to obtain a rank order among the selected sensors. The performance of the algorithm is first tested on a synthetic regression example. Finally, it is applied to the problem of fault detection in diesel engines (30,000 data records from 43 sensors, 8 classes) and used to compare the misclassification rates with a varying number of sensors.
Intermediate-velocity atomic collisions: Electron capture and loss in 10-42-MeV C ions

The capture and loss of electrons for incident bare, one-, two-, and three-electron 10\char21{}42-MeV carbon ions are studied. The one-electron-loss cross sections are compared with Glauber-approximation 1s ionization calculations, and a way of incorporating target-atom screening into the Glauber theory is proposed. The electron-capture cross sections agree reasonably well with eikonal-approximation results. The equilibrium charge states of the highest-energy C ions emerging from solid targets can be calculated accurately from gas-target equilibrium charge states using a theory incorporating excited-state effects.
Is (Some) Mathematics Poetry

The association of mathematics and poetry is ancient. It is recognized by both mathematicians and poets. The connection has been made in many different ways. I am going to take it in way that has not really been explored. The idea is contained in a recent article by Joanne Growney in the Mathematical Intelligencer [3]. In the article, Growney describes the many ways in which poetry and mathematics have collaborated – poems about mathematics, mathematically structured poetry, poems with mathematical imagery. She goes on to suggest that some mathematics may actually be poetry, but that it would need translation for it to be appreciated by nonmathematicians. For some years I have toyed with the idea of composing mathematics as poetry. I believe that there is mathematical poetry that can speak to everyone, that needs no translation. I have little reason for this belief. Indeed, I have direct evidence to the contrary – the poems I’ve submitted have been
Arab American Literature in the Ethnic Borderland: Cultural Intersections in Diana Abu-Jaber’s Crescent

Critical inquiries into Arab American literary studies have often questioned the relative absence of this community from the ethnic canon, with feminist writers like Joanna Kadi describing Arab Americans as "the Most Invisible of the Invisibles" (xix). Such a statement situates this community vis-a-vis other ethnic groups in terms of a discourse of invisibility that, although varying between one group and another, still acts as a common ethnic marker. The isolated enclaves that ethnic groups in the US occupy, however, separate them not only from a hegemonic center, but more importantly from each other. This essay shows the ways in which author Diana Abu-Jaber contributes in her second novel, Crescent (2003), to the inclusion of works by and about Arab Americans in the ethnic studies category, suggesting ways to bridge the barriers separating Arab Americans from other ethnic minorities. Proceeding with an overview of Arab Americans' position in the US, followed by a discussion of borderlands in ethnic studies, this essay will then shift to an analysis of Crescent, carving out in the process a space for Arab American literature in what I will refer to as the ethnic borderland: a constructive space in which interethnic ties between and within different communities of color could be established and maintained.
Addition of copper-sequestering agents to alginate gel to enhance copper recovery from aqueous media

A mixture of sodium alginate and sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) was used as the absorbent for copper in this work. A viscous solution of the mixture was dispensed into a copper-containing solution circulating in a loop fluidized bed reactor to form alginate gel in situ. Batch absorption data was treated by Langmuir model to yield copper binding capacity and binding stability constant. Results were compared with those of our previous work in which no NaPSS was added to Na-alginate. Based on the Langmuir parameters, the critical copper concentration above which the addition of NaPSS can enhance the copper loading of the alginate gel was calculated. The ratio of copper loading of the alginate gel with the addition of NaPSS to that without the addition of NaPSS at any copper concentration was predicted as well. Similar calculations were made for the case of using the mixture of Na-alginate and Microcystis as the copper absorbent.
Graphical technique for comparing designs for random models

Methods for comparing designs for a random (or mixed) linear model have focused primarily on criteria based on single-valued functions. In general, these functions are difficult to use, because of their complex forms, in addition to their dependence on the model's unknown variance components. In this paper, a graphical approach is presented for comparing designs for random models. The one-way model is used for illustration. The proposed approach is based on using quantiles of an estimator of a function of the variance components. The dependence of these quantiles on the true values of the variance components is depicted by plotting the so-called quantile dispersion graphs (QDGs), which provide a comprehensive picture of the quality of estimation obtained with a given design. The QDGs can therefore be used to compare several candidate designs. Two methods of estimation of variance components are considered, namely analysis of variance and maximum-likelihood estimation.
Taiwan's Economic History: A Case of Etatisme and a Challenge to Dependency Theory

Taiwan distinguishes itself as one of the few non-socialist economies since Japan to rise from the grossest poverty and to enter the world of the developed. As if this were not enough, and if the figures are correct, income distribution has also been far less inequitable in Taiwan than in other poor "market economies." Both phenomena together have earned Taiwan the title of "economic miracle." In seeking an explanation for these phenomena, which are rather miraculous in the context of continued underdevelopment in the rest of the Third World, we have come face to face with two schools of thought: neoclassical and dependency theory. The former, to generalize somewhat, sees the explanation for the Taiwan "miracle" in the application of free market principles. The latter ignores Taiwan altogether, probably because it sees it as a "special case" undeserving attention. Concerning the popular conception of Taiwan as an economy wherein market forces guide capital accumulation, it is quite true today that government interference does not assume the form it has taken in many other Third World countries, i.e., heavy
Navier-Stokes solutions for nonaxisymmetric nozzle flows

The compressible Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow are solved for nonaxisymmetric nozzle configurations. Both internal flow alone and combined internal and external flow cases are considered. An implicit approximate factorization algorithm is employed to solve the governing equations which are cast in terms of a body-fitted coordinate system. Turbulence closure is accomplished with a composite algebraic model. Two-dimensional results for a wedge plug nozzle flow in the form of surface pressures compare favorably with experimental data. Three-dimensional calculations for two nonaxisymmetric nozzles are also presented and compared with data.
Two kinetic methods to study the regulation of mammalian hexokinases.

Two new kinetic analyses for mammalian hexokinases are presented, which permit one to study the regulation of these enzymes by product inhibition. One method uses the pyruvate kinase-coupled assay and the other the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-coupled assay. Both methods give simple linear plots, which indicate that the magnesium-ATP complex overcomes the glucose 6-phosphate inhibition competitively, but by atypical kinetics. A new regulation coefficient (Kr) was defined and it was shown that, with both assay methods, the reciprocals of the slopes of the simple linear plots are proportional to Kr.[Mg.ATP].NADP, but not NAD, was found to be a powerful inhibitor of pig heart hexokinase.
Efficient recognition with high-order neural networks

A high-order neural network model is applied to the problem of recognizing M binary m- strings (1 m) embedded in n-strings (m© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electronic storytelling in electoral politics: An anecdotal analysis of television advertising in the helms‐hunt senate race

This essay examines the television advertising from the 1984 North Carolina senate race between Jesse Helms and James Hunt through Burke's representative anecdote. Following the metaphoric approach to anecdotal analysis, the authors review two groups of discourse in pursuit of their fundamental qualities. The evidence indicates that Helms’ use of the “Soap Opera” anecdote proved superior to Hunt's random, one‐shot, style of storytelling. This conclusion leads the authors to argue that thematic continuity is a fundamental ingredient of effective electronic storytelling.
Finding Motifs in Biological Sequences Using the Micron Automata Processor

Finding approximately conserved sequences, called motifs, across multiple DNA or protein sequences is an important problem in computational biology. In this paper, we consider the (l, d) motif search problem of identifying one or more motifs of length l present in at least q of the n given sequences, with each occurrence differing from the motif in at most d substitutions. The problem is known to be NP-hard, and the largest solved instance reported to date is (26, 11). We propose a novel algorithm for the (l, d) motif search problem using streaming execution over a large set of Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA). This solution is designed to take advantage of the Micron Automata Processor, a new technology close to deployment that can simultaneously execute multiple NFA in parallel. We estimate the run-time for the (39, 18) and (40, 17) problem instances using the resources available within a single Automata Processor board. In addition to solving larger instances of the (l, d) motif search problem, the paper serves as a useful guide to solving problems using this new accelerator technology.
Writing Performance Effects of Cognitive Strategies

Preparing a written outline during prewriting and composing a rough rather than a polished first draft are cognitive strategies that may lessen a writer's work load. The present laboratory and fiel...
Hydrocarbon Seepage, Gas Hydrates, and Authigenic Carbonate in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Rapid deposition of organic rich sediments onto thick Jurassic salt deposits created conditions conducive to the formation and entrapment of large volumes of oil and gas as well as active salt diapirism. Resulting hydrocarbon seepage, brine seepage, hydrate formation and decomposition, methane oxidation, oil degradation and authigenic carbonate precipitation have significantly affected the geology, geochemistry and morphology of the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Regional topography is largely controlled by salt diapirism and slumping, and is characterised by pock marks, mud volcanoes, disrupted sediments and large accumulations of carbonate. Sediment chemistry is driven by the influx of oil, gas and brine seepage and secondarily altered by the enhanced microbial and benthic biology. See also Abstract No. 89051216.
Trauma, attachment, and family therapy with grandfamilies: A model for treatment

Abstract Population estimates indicate that approximately 1.5 million children are in grandparent-headed households without any parents present. This type of grandfamily is often created when biological parents are unable or unwilling to care for their children. Trauma is often experienced as a precursor to, or a consequence of, the biological parents' inability or unwillingness to care for their children. The well-being of both grandparent and grandchild may be affected in grandfamilies. A treatment model is presented that integrates trauma, attachment, and family systems theories and proposes that healing is facilitated through the emerging attachment between the grandparent and grandchild.
Family Caring and Caring in Nursing

Knowledge concerning family caring is developing within the caregiving literature while knowledge of caring is growing separately in the nursing literature. Both nurses (identified with caring) and family carers (identified with caregiving) experience a division of the affective and the instrumental dimensions of caring. Moreover, a historical perspective reveals that caring in nursing and family caring are faced with a common dilemma: caring in a society that undervalues caring. It is suggested that nurses, in the process of reconciling the dimensions of caring for their profession, consider family caring as a unified experience as well.
Viewpoint: Transition in the Field of Special Education

(2001). Viewpoint: Transition in the Field of Special Education. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 100-101.
Early incoherent scatter observations at Jicamarca

Abstract We describe some of the highlights of the incoherent scatter observations made at Jicamarca in the 1960s. Some of the observations were then and are still now unique and worthy of further study. Of particular note are (1) a long series of electron density measurements extending to altitudes as high as 10,000 km on a few occasions, (2) density and temperature observations during a total solar eclipse, (3) temperature and composition measurements extending past the O+-H+ transition region, and (4) observations of the ion gyro resonance effect for protons.
The fusion of 12C with 12C at projectile energies from 45 to 197 MeV

Abstract Evaporation residues arising from the deexcitation of 24 Mg produced in the reactions of 12 C with 12 C have been identified on the basis of energy and angular distributions measured with a semiconductor detector telescope. Excitation functions for the individual product elements have been obtained over the projectile energy range from 45 to 197 MeV. Evaporation residue cross sections for B and C were not directly measured because of interferences from other reaction mechanisms, but were determined from the systematics of the residue yields as a function of projectile energy and atomic number. Limiting angular momenta have been calculated from the summed yields of the evaporation residue cross sections. These limiting angular momenta are compared to limits predicted by several models.
Effect of including cancer-specific variables on models examining short-term outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) generally has not collected cancer-specific variables. Because increasing numbers of studies are using ACS NSQIP data to study cancer surgery, the objectives of the current study were 1) to examine differences between existing ACS NSQIP variables and cancer registry variables, and 2) to determine whether the addition of cancer-specific variables improves modeling of short-term outcomes. METHODS: Data from patients in the ACS NSQIP and National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) who underwent colorectal resection for cancer were linked (2006-2008). By using regression methods, the relative importance of cancer staging and neoadjuvant therapy variables were assessed along with their effects on morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: From 146 hospitals, 11,405 patients were identified who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer (colon, 85%; rectum, 15%). The NCDB metastatic cancer variable and the ACS NSQIP disseminated cancer variables agreed marginally (Cohen kappa coefficient, 0.454). For mortality, only the ACS NSQIP disseminated cancer variable and the NCDB stage IV variable were identified as important predictors; whereas the variables stage I through III, tumor (T)-classification, and lymph node (N)-classification were not selected. Cancer stage variables were inconsistently important for serious morbidity (stage IV, T-classification), superficial surgical site infection (N-classification), venous thromboembolism (metastatic cancer), and pneumonia (T-classification). With respect to neoadjuvant therapy, ACS NSQIP and NCDB variables agreed moderately (kappa, 0.570) and predicted superficial surgical site infection, serious morbidity, and organ space surgical site infection. The model fit was similar regardless of the inclusion of stage and neoadjuvant therapy variables. CONCLUSIONS: Although advanced disease stage and neoadjuvant therapy variables were predictors of short-term outcomes, their inclusion did not improve the models. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Effects of Sodium Diacetate on the Growth, Feed Efficiency, and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

Three levels of sodium diacetate (.625, 1.25, and 3.75 g/kg diet) were incorporated into the diets of day-old broiler chicks. A control ration and a 20 mg/kg aureomycin ration were fed to additional groups of chicks. Each treatment contained 40 chickens at 3 weeks; the number was reduced to 20 chickens at 5 and 8 weeks. At 3 and 8 weeks of age, the large and small intestines of 5 chickens from each treatment were examined for selected microorganisms. Chick growth and feed efficiency were also recorded. The entire experiment was run twice, but in Trial 2 the lowest level of sodium diacetate treatment was replaced by a combination of sodium diacetate (.625 g/kg diet) and aureomycin (20 mg/kg diet). No improvement in the rate of growth was found in the sodium diacetate-treated groups, although additional weight gain was detected in aureomycin-fed groups at 2 weeks of age. Improved feed efficiency in the treated groups (sodium diacetate and aureomycin) was observed in both trials at 2 weeks and at 3 weeks of age in Trial 1. No feed efficiency effects were observed after that time. The sodium diacetate-fed groups showed an increased lactobacilli population in the small intestine along with a concurrent decrease in streptococci. The effect of sodium diacetate in reducing total coliforms in the large intestine was more obvious at 3 weeks than at 8 weeks. Aureomycin appeared to suppress the population of lactobacilli and total coliforms in this study. A combination of sodium diacetate and aureomycin failed to exhibit a synergistic effect either on the growth rate or on the intestinal microflora.
Computational study of pulsed neutron induced activation analysis of cargo

Pulsed neutron induced activation analysis is a nondestructive technique to detect threats hidden in bulk objects such as cargo pallets, trucks, etc. Isotopic content of cargo can be measured by counting photons emitted with characteristic energies as a result of neutron induced reactions within cargo’s materials. Neutron and gamma radiation transport in active interrogation system consisting of a 14-MeV neutron source, photon detector, and a cargo truck was analyzed with MCNPX code. Gamma ray signatures of cargo with hidden explosive threat were analyzed during the neutron pulse and between neutron pulses for varying system’s geometry and material composition of cargo.
Personal informatics and reflection: a critical examination of the nature of reflection

Personal informatics systems that help people both collect and reflect on various kinds of personal information are growing rapidly. Despite the importance of journaling and the main role it has in tracking one's personal growth, a limited number of studies have examined journaling in the area of personal informatics in detail. In this paper, we critically examine the process of reflection on experiences, thoughts and evolving insights through a qualitative research study. We also present the design research process we conducted to develop the Wandering Mind as a support tool to help individuals record and reflect on their experiences.
The transfrontier organization of space along the U.S.-Mexico border

Abstract The transfrontier dimensions of urban space in the U.S.-Mexico international border have not been extensively researched. The growth of large cities along the boundary, and the emerging high-volume patterns of transborder social, economic, and functional interaction, call for a better understanding of the unique spatial formations that are evolving in this region. We might term these spatial configurations ‘international border metropoli’, a fusion of settlements from two cultures into a single spatial domain. Transfrontier urban phenomena tend to somewhat alter the significance of the international boundary line. Using the San Diego-Tijuana region as a case study, evidence of transboundary spatial integration is reviewed. Special attention is given to patterns of transborder travel. Data extracted from a survey of Mexican border crossers allow for an examination of both the volume and the form of transboundary, intraurban linkages that connect and unify border settlements like San Diego and Tijuana.
Simulation of n-Heptane and Surrogate Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE) in a Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine

A CFD model of a HATZ diesel engine was developed for the purpose of simulating low temperature combustion (LTC) of surrogate diesel fuels for the Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines (FACE). Initial validation of the model was performed using n-heptane data from a single cylinder HATZ diesel engine. Simulations were run with both a detailed n-heptane mechanism and several reduced mechanisms to determine the suitability of using a reduced mechanism to capture the main ignition characteristics and emissions. It was found that a 173 species n-heptane mechanism predicts start of combustion (SOC) within 0.5 crank angle degrees of the detailed 561 species mechanism. The 173 species mechanism required 27 hours of computational time to reach the end of the simulation whereas the 561 species detailed mechanism required 41 hours under the same conditions. Two additional reduced mechanisms, containing 85 and 35 species, were provided reasonable accuracy with a computational time of 8 hours and 2 hours, respectively. Due to the varying physical and chemical properties of the FACE surrogates, a sensitivity analysis of the effects of the physical properties was conducted by changing the n-heptane physical properties to those of n-hexadecane while keeping the chemistry the same. As expected, when the fuel properties of n-hexadecane (which is less volatile than n-heptane) were used with the n-heptane kinetics, SOC was delayed and the net heat release rate was reduced.The FACE fuels were developed to fulfill the need for research grade fuels that are able to represent common refinery stream fuels. Since the FACE fuels consist of hundreds of fuel components, it is not feasible to model the actual FACE fuels in a full-scale engine model. An alternative is to develop surrogates consisting of relatively few species for which detailed mechanisms are available. Even then this mechanism would need to be reduced to make the computation practical. For this work, a detailed diesel surrogate mechanism was reduced from 4016 species to 1046 species to match the characteristics for FACE fuels 1, 3, 5, 8, and 9. The surrogates only contain 4–7 species. Using the single chemical mechanism to represent five surrogate FACE fuels, it was found that ∼200°C of air preheat was required to achieve autoignition in the HATZ model compared to the 130°C of air preheat required experimentally. Initial runs have found that there were similar trends in SOC and heat release between the FACE fuel surrogate experiments and simulations for the respective fuels. Future work will require improvements on the single chemical mechanism to represent the five surrogate FACE fuels.Copyright © 2013 by ASME