cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on abrasive performance of vitrified cBN grinding wheel

In this paper,considering the effect of cBN abrasive in vitrified grinding wheel,eight kinds of cBN abrasives were analyzed for its room performance,microcosmic crystal photographs,high temperature performance,cautery-resistant performance by some advanced apparatuses such as single grain pressure-resistant intensity apparatus,SEM and DTA and so on.The test results indicated that performance of some domestic single crystal cBN has reached and even exceeded overseas product.Simultaneity,experiment data indicated that increasing suitably sintering temperature could enhance intensity of grinding wheel because of high temperature performance of domestic cBN single crystal.
5 steps to a performance evaluation system.

The author provides a step-by-step approach to developing and implementing a fair and consistent employee performance evaluation system.
Thermodynamic assessment of CO2 to carbon nanofiber transformation for carbon sequestration in a combined cycle gas or a coal power plant

Abstract Molten carbonate electrolyzers offer a pathway to capture emitted CO 2 from the flue gas of the power plants and transform this greenhouse gas emission at low energy and high yield instead into a specific, value added, hollow carbon nanofiber product, carbon nanotubes. The present day value of the carbon nanotubes product is ∼10,000 that of proposed, or in place, current carbon tax costs of $30 per ton, strongly incentivizing carbon dioxide removal. The recent progress in high-temperature molten carbonate electrolysis systems for carbon dioxide utilization and the impact these advances have on developing a CO 2 -free fossil fuel power plant for electricity generation is presented. A thermodynamic model analysis is presented for a molten Li 2 CO 3 electrolysis system incorporated within a combined cycle (CC) natural gas power plant to produce carbon nanofibers (CNF) and oxygen. Such a CC CNF plant system is shown to require 219 kJ to convert one mole of CO 2 to carbon, and generates electricity at higher efficiency due to pure oxygen looped back to the gas turbine input from the CO 2 splitting, with the added advantages that (i) the CC CNF plant emits no CO 2 and (ii) all CO 2 is converted to value added carbon nanotubes useful for strong, lightweight construction, batteries and nanoelectronics. Converting to power and ton units, per metric ton of methane fuel consumed the CC CNF plant is thermodynamically assessed to produce 8350 kW h of electricity and 0.75 ton of CNT and emits no CO 2 , while the CC plant produces 9090 kW h of electricity and emits 2.74 ton CO 2 . The required energy balance for a carbon nanotube production from an analogous coal power plant consumes a larger fraction of the coal energy, and encourages co-generation with renewable electric energy.
Glomerular filtration response to acute ureteral obstruction in the dog.

Abstract In order to assess the glomerular filtration responses to acute ureteral obstruction in the dog we employed an established method that does not require timed urine collections. Our results show a 57 per cent increase in renal blood flow (baseline: 203.8 ± 50.9 vs. 319 ± 69.4 ml./min. at 105 minutes; no. = 7) that was associated with a monophasic decrease in filtration fraction to −70 per cent at 120 minutes (0.26 ± 0.025 vs. 0.08 ± 0.007) and an increase in ureteral pressure to 63.1 ± 6.1 mm. Hg at 120 minutes. A biphasic GFR response was noted with an initial small increase (baseline: 32.5 ± 7.5 vs. 36.3 ± 11.0 ml./min. at 2 minutes) followed by a continual decline to −55 per cent at 120 minutes (to 14.5 ± 2.6 ml./min.). This investigation has confirmed the results of micropuncture studies showing maintenance of GFR early after complete ureteral ligation.
Selenium and Sulfur Analogs of 8-Quinolinol and Their Metal Chelates

A comparison of the behavior of a series of ligands in which one of the bonding atoms is replaced by another in the same group of the periodic table, helps in the understanding of the properties of these ligands and their metal chelates. For these reasons we have made a comparative study of the acid dissociation and certain metal chelate formation equilibria of 8-quino -; linol, quinoline thiol and quinoline-8-selenol by spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques (Tables I and II).
Asthma at the 2016 American Thoracic Society International Conference.

The Year in Review in asthma was presented by Dr. Akshay Sood from the University of New Mexico, featuring several high profile articles published over the last year. Of particular interest, favorable phase 3 data were presented supporting the use of reslizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against IL5, in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in patients with blood eosinophil counts greater than 400 cells per microliter (1). Patients receiving reslizumab had fewer asthma exacerbations over 1 year than patients receiving placebo in two duplicate studies published as a single manuscript. Reslizumab was approved earlier this year in the United States for the treatment of severe asthma.
Reliability Assessment of Fan-Out Packages Using High Resolution Moiré Interferometry and Synchrotron X-Ray Microdiffraction

Measurement and simulation of the stress state in the silicon die of a wafer-level fan out package can be difficult due to the complexity of high density packaging structures and the uncertainties in material properties at the nanoscale, yet these stresses directly affect the electrical behavior of the embedded active devices due to the piezoresistive effect in silicon. In this study, the residual stresses and thermal stresses in die-on-board, fan-out packages are measured using high resolution moire interferometry and synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction. The results are then used to verify the materials database used in the finite element analysis (FEA) with the purpose of developing a quantitative method to characterize the stress behavior and its effect on charge carrier mobilities. The underfill effect is investigated by comparing two underfills, one with a moderate glass transition temperature (Tg) and one with a low Tg, to a control with no underfill. High resolution moire interferometry is used to map the actual deformation of the package cross-section subjected to a negative thermal load, while synchrotron x-ray microdiffraction produces Laue peaks, which are analyzed to extract stress, strain, and lattice deformation data at room temperature. These experiments, in which the separate underfill conditions demonstrated distinct deformation patterns, are used to validate the material and load parameters of the FEA model, which in turn is used to calculate the mobility change.
High f/sub max/ InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

High performance common-emitter InAlAs/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were fabricated with record maximum oscillation frequencies f/sub max,G/ and f/sub max,U/ of 160 and 236 GHz respectively, obtained using the -20 dB/decade extrapolation of the measured maximum stable gain (MSG) and unilateral power gain (U). The intrinsic f/sub max/ of these devices exceeds 315 GHz. >
Governance Innovations for Access to Basic Services in Urban Slums

With rapid urbanization on a global scale, poverty is increasingly becoming an urban phenomenon. A key component of urban poverty in developing countries is inadequate access to basic services, so understanding the institutional setting for basic service provision is key to addressing this challenge. This paper seeks to explain the institutional and organizational forms of service provision that emerge in developing country cities, where the urban poor living in informal settlements constitute a significant proportion of the urban population. The paper does so by examining the contemporary case of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area in Brazil, based on fieldwork conducted over the 2007-2014 period, for three key services: electricity, water, and sanitation (sewerage). I argue that the traditional forms of interaction between the state and informal settlements in Rio, based upon pork-barrel politics, have declined due to the absence of law enforcement and subsequent rise of organized crime in these areas, but also because of the emergence of new actors and organizations, including private service providers. Where the state remains the service provider, the decline of pork-barrel politics and the incentives related to public ownership have resulted in a policy of neglect towards informal settlements, significantly limiting access. In some cases, however, I show that private actors are constructing new approaches to service provision through collaboration with community and nonprofit organizations. These approaches entail collaborative forms of governance that have the potential not only to increase access, but to offer an alternative to the existing institutional setup beyond basic service provision. As such, they are of interest not only to scholars and practitioners interested in basic service provision, but more generally for the broader challenge of urban poverty and exclusion in the developing world.
“Dogs of Wall Street, Let Us Alone”: Graffiti in Cold War Baghdad, 1953

This chapter considers the contested politics of public space Baghdad during the Cold War. In Iraq, King Faisal II’s 1953 coronation marked the longevity of a state his grandfather founded. The author argues that leftist political activists used graffiti, writing, and street art to “tag” public space. In Baghdad, graffiti appeared at the same time as the nation’s leaders were entering into new forms of political affiliation, the forms that citizens—rich and poor, men and women, laborers and their employers—resisted.
Materialism and the Resurrection: Are the Prospects Improving?

In 1999 Dean Zimmerman proposed a “falling elevator model” for a bodily resurrection consistent with materialism. Recently he has defended the model against objections, and a slightly different version has been defended by Timothy O’Connor and Jonathan Jacobs. This article considers both sets of responses, and finds them at best partially successful; a new objection, not previously discussed, is also introduced. It is concluded that the prospects for the falling-elevator model, in either version, are not bright.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? The New U.S. Regulatory Budgeting Rules in Light of the International Experience

Executive Order (EO) 13771 on “Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs” introduces a new regulatory budgeting system in the U.S. federal rulemaking process. International experience suggests that the new rule, aimed both at reducing the number of regulations and the volume of regulatory costs, will focus on a subset of regulatory impacts, most certainly the direct costs imposed by regulation on businesses, or even a subset thereof. The paper discusses possible ways to make sense of the new rule, without undermining the soundness of benefit-cost analysis mandated by EO12866. The paper concludes that the new system, while potentially promoting more retrospective regulatory reviews, will risk fundamentally affecting the quality of regulation in the United States, generating frictions and inefficiencies throughout the administration, to the detriment of social welfare.
Evaluating the effects of cyber-attacks on cyber physical systems using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of embedded computers with sensing and actuation capability, and are integrated into and tightly coupled with a physical system. Because the physical and cyber components of the system are tightly coupled, cyber-security is important for ensuring the system functions properly and safely. However, the effects of a cyberattack on the whole system may be difficult to determine, analyze, and therefore detect and mitigate. This work presents a model based software development framework integrated with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed for rapidly deploying CPS attack experiments. The framework provides the ability to emulate low level attacks and obtain platform specific performance measurements that are difficult to obtain in a traditional simulation environment. The framework improves the cybersecurity design process which can become more informed and customized to the production environment of a CPS. The developed framework is illustrated with a case study of a railway transportation system.
Self-Study to Help Teachers Engage in Diversity

When I began graduate school, I had no idea I was going to become a teacher educator. After a number of years teaching English as a Second Language (ESL), I started my Ph.D. studies in theoretical linguistics, hoping to focus on historical or sociolinguistics and, one day, become a professor and share my love of the study of language in an academic community. However, as much as I enjoy theory, I have always tended toward the applied aspects of linguistics, trying to be practical with knowledge production. During my coursework, I followed a path that focused on language and its integration into varying fields, taking courses and working on projects in second language studies (education), language acquisition (psychology), language policy (sociology), and sociolinguistics (anthropology). When applying for jobs after completing my doctoral studies, I considered all positions that had language as a focus, and many were in the field of language education, specifically ESL. Entering academic life with the idea that I would be able to positively affect the teaching of ESL – and thus the successful learning of ESL – made me feel that I would put my work to good use. However, what I soon discovered is that I had never been fully prepared in the pedagogy of teacher education. This chapter details how I came to join the self-study group and incorporated the methodology into my work around issues of diversity, as well as what I have found to be its strengths and limitations.
Endoscopic Treatment of Ileal Pouch Sinus.

Background and aims Pouch sinus is a serious complication in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy and safety of endoscopic needle knife sinusotomy (NKSi) in the management of pouch sinus. Methods All consecutive patients with a pouch sinus treated with NKSi from 2008 to 2016 were identified. The primary outcomes were complete healing of the sinus and pouch survival. Results A total of 109 patients were included. During a median follow-up of 2.1 years (interquartile range: 0.7-4.4), 54 (49.5%) patients achieved complete healing and 20 (18.3%) patients had partial healing, Twenty-two (20.2%) patients developed sinus-related pouch failure. In multivariable analysis for the sinus healing, Crohn's disease of the pouch was a risk factor [odds ratio (OR): 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1-0.8), whereas a longer interval between NKSi (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0-1.1) and high body mass index (OR: 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0-1.3) were protective factors. In the multivariable analysis for surgery-free survival, previously documented acute anastomotic leak (OR:3.5, 95%CI: 1.2-10.4), toxic megacolon (OR: 7.4, 95%CI: 1.9-29.1), an increased length of sinus (OR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.0-2.0), and increased duration from sinus diagnosis to NKSi (OR: 2.6, 95%CI: 1.1-6.2) were risk factors; and a longer interval between NKSis (OR: 0.9, 95%CI: 0.9-0.99), and concurrent use of dextrose 50% (OR: 0.2, 95%CI: 0.04-0.6) and doxycycline during the NKSi procedure (OR: 0.2, 95%CI: 0.04-0.7) were protective factors. NKSi-associated complications were reported in 6 (1.8% per procedure) cases. Conclusions NKSi is an effective and safe procedure for treating pouch sinus.
Play, Leisure Activities, Cognitive Health, and Quality of Life Among Older Cancer Survivors

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the relationship between play, leisure activities, cognitive health, and quality of life among older cancer survivors. Older cancer survivors in particular face not only the detrimental effects of a cancer diagnosis but also age-related chronic diseases and/or physical limitations. In addition, for those who have undergone chemotherapy, cognitive impairment known as “chemo-brain or chemo-fog” has been associated with cognitive changes on quality of life among elderly cancer survivors.
Warning Size Affects What Adolescents Recall From Tobacco Advertisements.

Objectives In the U.S., print advertisements for smokeless tobacco (SLT) feature a large black-and-white text warning covering 20% of the advertisement space. Cigarette and e-cigarette advertisements feature a small warning covering approximately 4% of advertisement space. We explored how warning size affects adolescent boys' spontaneous recollection of the warning, brand-relevant advertisement features, and product risks. Methods 1,220 adolescent males (ages 11-16) viewed SLT, cigarette, and e-cigarette advertisements. After each advertisement, boys were asked to recall what they remembered most. Coders identified recalls of the warning label, brand-relevant advertisement features, and risks associated with the product in responses. Results Participants were less likely to recall warnings in the cigarette vs. SLT (OR=0.30, p 3.50, p's<0.001). Conclusions Youth are more likely to recall large SLT warnings than small cigarette and e-cigarette warnings. Warning recall is associated with lower likelihood of recalling brand-relevant advertisement features and greater likelihood of mentioning product risks.
Transmembrane Protein 135 (TMEM135) is a Liver X Receptor Target Gene that Mediates an Auxiliary Peroxisome Matrix Protein Import Pathway

The liver x receptors (LXRs) are key regulators of systemic lipid metabolism. We identified transmembrane protein 135 (TMEM135), a peroxisomal protein with an unknown function, as a novel LXR target gene. The LXRs directly induce TMEM135 transcription in humans via an LXR response element in the 5-prime untranslated region, but do not increase Tmem135 in murine cells. Functionally, knockdown of TMEM135 in vitro and in vivo results in many features typical of peroxisomal disorders such as steatosis and reduced peroxisomal β-oxidation. Mechanistically, proteomic and Western blot analyses indicated that TMEM135 mediates import of peroxisome matrix proteins necessary for β-oxidation and bile acid synthesis. These findings indicate that TMEM135 is an LXR-inducible regulator of peroxisome catabolic and anabolic processes by mediating an auxiliary matrix protein import pathway, and thus may represent a novel therapeutic target for disorders associated with peroxisome dysfunction.
Effective Recruitment for Parenting Programs Within Ethnic Minority Communities

This article describes the results of a demonstration project which focused on exploring recruitment and retention of ethnic minority families to a parent training program aimed to prevent substance abuse among their children. The Parenting for Drug-Free Children project sought to deliver a curriculum to parents from several ethnic groups in an urban setting. The targeted ethnic communities were African American, Latino, Native American, and Samoan. The project successfully recruited diverse groups of families to participate in a drug prevention program, many of whom had never participated before in a parenting program. The identification of key individuals for recruiting and accessing networks of potential participants proved to be an effective means of recruitment.
Structural analysis of the Hurricane fault in the transition zone between the basin and range province and the Colorado Plateau, Washington County, Utah

This study defines fault segments and segment boundaries along the Hurricane fault in southwestern Utah and determines the geometric and kinematic relationship to other regional structunes. Fault segment identification is critical for understanding fault processes and seismic risk; segment length is the maximum earthquake rupture length along a fault Segment boundaries may act as barriers to earthquake propagation. Normal fault segmentation only recently has received attention and has never been studied along the Hurricane fault. The fault changes strike along its length, and is thus a segmented fault. This study documents one nonconservative segment boundary and two fault segments, the Ash Creek segment and the Anderson Junction segment, based on fault geometry, scarp shape. and shortening structures in the hanging wall and footwall. A rupture along the Ash Creek segment may affect Cedar City, UT, and a rupture along the Anderson Junction segment may affect St. George, UT and a number of smaller nearby towns. Previously undocumented surface offsets were observed along both segments. Evidence that Quaternary slip along the Hurricane fault is predominately normal includes offset of geochemically identical Quaternary (?) basalt, slickenlines, hanging wall dip analysis, and the 89" rake of the 1992 StGeorge earthquake. The Hurricane fault and the Gunlock-Grand Wash fault system, which lies 50 km to the west, may be a linked system whereby the two en echelon faults form a displacement transfer zone that generates the relatively wide transition zone between the Basin and Range province and the Colorado Plateau in the region. Data from both faults that support the existence of a transfer zone include symmetric changes in stratigraphic separation, similar timing of fault motion, and balanced regional cross sections.
Dipodomys spectabolis baileyi (Banner-tailed kangaroo rat). Dipodomys nelsoni (Nelson’s kangaroo rat)

The karyotypes presented here are gifts of Dr. A. Dean Stock. The specimen of D. s. baileyi was collected from Roosevelt County, New Mexico, USA and that of D. nelsoni, from San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
Atomic ordering in TiVAl shape memory alloys

Abstract Newly developed TiAlV shape memory alloys have been investigated in detail to determine the origin of shape memory effects. The crystal structure identification and microstructure observations of Ti15.4V4.0Al and Ti16.1V4.0Al alloys (in weight per cent) have clearly revealed that a martensitic transformation in the Ti15.4V4.0Al alloy occurs during quenching from an ordered tetragonal phase (denoted β1) to an ordered face-centered orthorhombic (f.c.o.) phase (denoted β1′). This finding is significant in order to understand shape memory behavior in titanium-based alloys since these alloys are all reported in previous literature to have disordered parent and martensite phases. The volume change associated with the tetragonal-to-f.c.o. transformation is small. This small volume change coupled with the structural ordering found in the present alloys are considered to be primary reasons for why titanium-based alloys show shape memory behavior.
Nanophotonic Heterostructures for Efficient Propulsion and Radiative Cooling of Relativistic Light Sails.

Light sails propelled by radiation pressure from high-power lasers have the potential to achieve relativistic spaceflight. In order to propel a spacecraft to relativistic speeds, an ultrathin, gram-sized light sail will need to be stably accelerated by lasers with ∼MW/cm2 intensities operating in the near-infrared spectral range. Such a laser-driven sail requires multiband electromagnetic functionality: it must simultaneously exhibit very low absorptivity in the (Doppler-broadened) laser beam spectrum in the near-infrared and high emissivity in the mid-infrared for efficient radiative cooling. These engineering challenges present an opportunity for nanophotonic design. Here, we show that designed thin-film heterostructures could become multifunctional building-block elements of the light sail, due to their ability to achieve substantial reflectivity while maintaining low absorption in the near-infrared, significant emissivity in the mid-infrared, and a very low mass. For a light sail carrying a payload, w...
Process for selective extraction of pigments and functional proteins from Chlorella vulgaris

Abstract Extraction of multiple high-value products is recommended for sustainability of the microalgal production platform. This study proposes a process for selective extraction of carotenoids and chlorophylls with ethanol, followed by alkaline pH extraction of proteins from wet, freeze-thawed Chlorella vulgaris biomass. A biomass-to-solvent ratio of 1:5 and 3 extraction stages were required to achieve maximum extraction yield of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The main compounds in the ethanol extract were identified as lutein, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The lutein and total chlorophyll yield in the extracts were 5.4 mg/g and 15.4 mg/g dry biomass respectively. Effective protein release from freeze-thawed biomass was contact-time dependent and >76% of total protein could be extracted in 15 min via bead-milling, and in 6 min by high-pressure homogenization at 15000 psi. Ethanol extraction of pigments affected protein solubility, and an alkaline pH was required to release the same total protein. Concentration and fractionation of proteins was carried out using a two-stage membrane filtration process and 78–80% of proteins remained in the 300 kDa retentate. Ethanol treatment and higher pH conditions did not negatively impact membrane filtration, nutritive value, or the emulsification properties of protein concentrates.
Queering reproduction in transnational bio-economies.

Abstract In this commentary, I consider how scholars, practitioners and those seeking to have babies via assisted reproductive technology (ART) might be accountable to 21st century family-making in ways that attend to reproductive stratifications (the uneven support for people to conceive and raise children), and yet refuse to renaturalize or valorize certain forms of reproduction or reproduction by certain categories of persons [e.g. lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and gender queer (LGBTQ)/non-normative people]. I offer a queer reproductive justice (QRJ) framework that joins the shift in feminist politics from advocating safe, affordable and equitable access to ART to imagining other ways of doing and making kinship, care and children. QRJ suggests that kinship can be queered via choice and ART without succumbing to either a binary choice between queerness and normativity or without being unaccountable to oneself, others within systems of power, and the very systems that make our choices legible. QRJ neither marginalizes nor valorizes LGBTQ desires and practices for inclusion in reproductive biomedicine, and refuses to renaturalize or valorize certain forms of reproduction over others. Instead, QRJ posits queer kinship as a social formation that variously challenges and reinforces the values of neoliberal, future-oriented reproductivity and the global biological market economies in which these increasingly take shape. QRJ encourages kinship forms that include multiple possibilities for intimacies, belonging and making kin.
Examining the Representations of NOS in Educational Resources: An Analysis of Lesson Plans Aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards.

Researchers have raised concerns about teachers’ ability to embed nature of science (NOS) in their science instruction, a complicated situation that is certainly impacted by the availability of adequate resources to assist K-12 science teachers. In light of the implementation of the ideas from the Framework for K-12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards in the USA, this study sought to identify and evaluate resources aimed at guiding NOS instruction. A search of the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) database for Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)-aligned instructional resources resulted in an analytical sample of eight lessons. All materials accompanying these lessons were analyzed for their representations of 10 NOS aspects. The evaluation of these materials revealed a prevalence of implicit, naive representations in the sample lessons (60.4% of all NOS aspects addressed). Examination of the connections to NOS in these lessons leads to a set of recommendations to improve the quantity and quality of NOS representations in future NGSS-aligned instructional resources. The analytical approach used and the issues raised about the presentation and treatment of NOS in precollege lessons are of interest to the broader science education community.
Are Interest Assessments Propagating Gender Differences in Occupations

The current study focused on the effect of assessment methods on estimates of gender differences in interests across Holland’s themes. College students (121 women, 76 men) rated their interests in ...
Thank You to JMPT Peer Reviewers for 2014

This article recognizes editorial board members and peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics in the year 2014 and provides a summary of international representation of peer reviewers.
C2Metadata: Automating the Capture of Data Transformations from Statistical Scripts in Data Documentation

Datasets are often derived by manipulating raw data with statistical software packages. The derivation of a dataset must be recorded in terms of both the raw input and the manipulations applied to it. Statistics packages typically provide limited help in documenting provenance for the resulting derived data. At best, the operations performed by the statistical package are described in a script. Disparate representations make these scripts hard to understand for users. To address these challenges, we created Continuous Capture of Metadata (C2Metadata), a system to capture data transformations in scripts for statistical packages and represent it as metadata in a standard format that is easy to understand. We do so by devising a Structured Data Transformation Algebra (SDTA), which uses a small set of algebraic operators to express a large fraction of data manipulation performed in practce. We then implement SDTA, inspired by relational algebra, in a data transformation specification language we call SDTL. In this demonstration, we showcase C2metadata's capture of data transformations from a pool of sample transformation scripts in at least two languages: SPSS and Stata (SAS and R are under development), for social science data in a large academic repository. We will allow the audience to explore C2Metadata using a web-based interface, visualize the intermediate steps and trace the provenance and changes of data at different levels for better understanding of the process.
Automated GNSS and Teleseismic Earthquake Inversion (AutoQuake Inversion) for Tsunami Early Warning: Retrospective and Real-Time Results

Rapid finite fault source determination is critical for reliable and robust tsunami early warnings. Near-field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations have shown value to constrain the source inversion, but real-time GNSS stations are sparse along most of the active faults. Here we propose an automatic earthquake finite source inversion (AutoQuake Inversion) algorithm jointly using near-field (epicentral distance < 1000 km) GNSS data and mid-range (epicentral distance from 30° to 45°) teleseismic P displacement waveforms. Neither the near-field GNSS nor the mid-range teleseismic data clip or saturate during large earthquakes, while the fast-traveling P-waves are still essential to constrain the source in regions where very few or no GNSS stations are available. Real-time determination of the fault geometry remains to be the main challenge for rapid finite source inversion. We adopt a strategy to use the pre-defined geometry Slab2 for earthquakes within it or to forecast a focal mechanism based on near-by historical events for earthquakes without Slab2 prior. The algorithm has been implemented successfully in the prototype of JPL’s GPS-Aided Tsunami Early-Detection system and tested for many real events recently. This article provides the framework of the algorithm, documents the retrospective and real-time results, and discusses remaining challenges for future improvements.
Entrepreneurship Education Impact on Entrepreneurial Intention Among Tourism Students: A Longitudinal Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) on the intention to start a business among university students of the Tourism Department. We used the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), in measuring each of the theory’s components before the intervention and after. A sample of 77 students answered the questionnaire both at the beginning of the semester and at the end of it. The results suggest that the intervention had a positive impact on Personal Attitude (PA), on Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) and on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI). No significant change was observed in Social Norms (SN). The findings have implications both for policy makers and academics. The former can help foster entrepreneurship and through that economic growth, making provisions for the availability of EE programs both inside and outside the university ecosystems. The latter can devote more resources in research and teaching EE programs, experimenting with teaching methods and new technologies, so as to increase the student awareness of the entrepreneurial career option. The contribution of this study lies in that no other study has used a longitudinal method in measuring the effect of EE on EI and its antecedents among tourism management students.
On conducting better validation studies of automatic metrics in natural language generation evaluation.

Natural language generation (NLG) has received increasing attention, which has highlighted evaluation as a central methodological concern. Since human evaluations for these systems are costly, automatic metrics have broad appeal in NLG. Research in language generation often finds situations where it is appropriate to apply existing metrics or propose new ones. The application of these metrics are entirely dependent on validation studies - studies that determine a metric's correlation to human judgment. However, there are many details and considerations in conducting strong validation studies. This document is intended for those validating existing metrics or proposing new ones in the broad context of NLG: we 1) begin with a write-up of best practices in validation studies, 2) outline how to adopt these practices, 3) conduct analyses in the WMT'17 metrics shared task\footnote{Our jupyter notebook containing the analyses is available at \url{this https URL}}, and 4) highlight promising approaches to NLG metrics 5) conclude with our opinions on the future of this area.
Quantity, timing, and type of childhood adversity and sleep quality in adulthood.

Abstract Objective We investigated how quantity, timing, and type of childhood adversity were associated with subjectively reported and actigraphically measured sleep in adulthood. Design This is a cross-sectional design. Setting Data were collected from three clinical sites at the University of California, Los Angeles; the University of Wisconsin–Madison; and Georgetown, in the Washington, DC area. Participants The participants were a group of 863 U.S. adults aged 25–76 years who participated in the Biomarker Project in the Midlife in the United States Refresher study. Measurement Subjective sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphic sleep measures included sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake time after sleep onset, and total sleep time. Participants retrospectively reported whether they experienced 18 adverse events before age 18 years and the ages they experienced the events. Results Childhood adversity, operationalized as quantity (i.e., the total number of adverse events or experiencing 3 or more adverse events) and timing (i.e., experiencing adverse events during both childhood and adolescence) of adverse events, was related to worse subjective and actigraphic sleep (except for total sleep time) after adjusting for age, sex, and race. Models using the cumulative (i.e. dose-response) number of adverse events fit better than models using the timing and type specifications of childhood adversity in relation to subjective or actigraphic sleep measures (except for total sleep time). Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of considering the quantity of childhood adversity in relation to self-reported and actigraphically measured sleep in adulthood.
Nanopore MinION Sequencing Reveals Possible Transfer of blaKPC–2 Plasmid Across Bacterial Species in Two Healthcare Facilities

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major threat to global public health. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is the most commonly identified carbapenemase in the U.S. and is frequently found on mobile genetic elements including plasmids, which can be horizontally transmitted between bacteria of the same or different species. Here we describe the results of an epidemiological investigation of KPC-producing bacteria at two healthcare facilities. Using a combination of short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing, we identified an identical 44 kilobase plasmid carrying the blaKPC-2 gene in four bacterial isolates belonging to three different species (Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli). The isolates in this investigation were collected from patients who were epidemiologically linked in a region in which KPC was uncommon, suggesting that the antibiotic resistance plasmid was transmitted between these bacterial species. This investigation highlights the importance of long-read sequencing in investigating the relatedness of bacterial plasmids, and in elucidating potential plasmid-mediated outbreaks caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Interview with Izaak Wirszup

Izaak Wirszup was raised and educated in Wilno, then in Poland. One of his teachers at the University of Wilno in the 1930s was Antoni Zygmund, already a world-renowned mathematician for his work on Fourier analysis. During the early years of World War II Wirszup taught mathematics at the Technical Institute in Wilno, but was imprisoned by the Nazis in September 1941.
Core and shell platelets of a thrombus: A new microfluidic assay to study mechanics and biochemistry.

Background Hemostatic clots have a P-selectin positive platelet core covered with a shell of P-selectin negative platelets. Objective To develop a new human blood microfluidic assay to interrogate core/shell mechanics. Methods A 2-stage assay perfused whole blood over collagen/± tissue factor (TF) for 180 seconds at 100 s-1 wall shear rate, followed by buffer perfusion at either 100 s-1 (venous) or 1000 s-1 (arterial). This microfluidic assay used an extended channel height (120 µm), allowing buffer perfusion well before occlusion. Results Clot growth on collagen stopped immediately with buffer exchange, revealing ~10% reduction in platelet fluorescence intensity (at 100 s-1) and ~30% (at 1000 s-1) by 1200 seconds. Thrombin generation (on collagen/TF) reduced erosion at either buffer flow rate. P-selectin-positive platelets were stable (no erosion) against 1000 s-1, in contrast to P-selectin negative platelets. Thrombin inhibition (with D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CMK) reduced the number of P-selectin-positive platelets and lowered thrombus stability through the reduction of P-selectin-positive platelets. Interestingly, fibrin inhibition (with H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-OH acetate salt) increased the number of P-selectin-positive platelets but did not lower stability, suggesting that fibrin was only in the core region. Thromboxane inhibition reduced P-selectin-positive platelets and caused a nearly 60% reduction of the clot at arterial buffer flow. P2Y1 antagonism reduced clot size and the number of P-selectin-positive platelets and reduced the stability of P-selectin-negative platelets. Conclusion The 2-stage assay (extended channel height plus buffer exchange) interrogated platelet stability using human blood. Under all conditions, P-selectin-positive platelets never left the clot.
A Novel Three-Port dc-dc Power Converter with Adaptive Boundary Current Mode Controller for a Residential PV-Battery System

Multi-port power converters have gained attention in renewable energy applications due to their higher power density caused by fewer number of components. Three-port converters (TPCs) provide desirable solution to many applications combining renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper proposes a new TPC with an adaptive variable-frequency PWM (VF-PWM) control scheme to assure its operation in boundary current mode (BCM). The proposed TPC provides a feasible solution to combine a PV with a battery system for residential PV systems. This paper discusses the proposed TPC and its operation modes. Moreover, the suggested VF-PWM method is introduced to achieve BCM of the proposed TPC. The provided simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed TPC and its VF-PWM method for BCM operation. Quantitative discussions on benefits of BCM from various aspects are also presented.
Marijuana, but not alcohol, use frequency associated with greater loneliness, psychological distress, and less flourishing among young adults

Abstract Objective To assess whether frequency of marijuana and alcohol use are cross-sectionally associated with indicators of social and emotional well-being including loneliness, psychological distress, and flourishing across important life domains among young adults. Method The study sample included 562 participants ages 22–29 who were originally recruited from an urban Pacific Northwest region in the US as part of a longitudinal study of social role transitions and alcohol use. At one assessment, participants completed an online survey that included a 3-item measure of loneliness, a 4-item measure of depression and anxiety symptoms, and a 12-item measure of flourishing as well as measures of marijuana and alcohol use frequency. Linear and generalized linear models were used to estimate associations of marijuana and alcohol use frequency with indicators of well-being. Results Greater frequency of marijuana use was associated with higher levels of loneliness, higher levels of psychological distress, and lower levels of flourishing, with the greatest difference observed for daily marijuana users compared to non-users. However, these indicators of well-being did not significantly differ by levels of alcohol use frequency. Conclusion Study findings suggest that frequent users of marijuana, but not alcohol, may experience more loneliness, more psychological distress, and less flourishing. Intervention approaches for frequent marijuana users may be warranted to reduce impacts of loneliness and psychological distress and improve overall well-being.
Associations between maternal technology use, perceptions of infant temperament, and indicators of mother-to-infant attachment quality.

Abstract Background Previous research suggests parents' use of technological devices, such as TV and mobile devices, within family contexts may decrease the quality of parent-child interactions. During early infancy, mothers report engaging with technological devices during infant feeding and care interactions, however, few studies have explored potential associations between maternal technology use and the quality of mother-to-infant attachment. Aim To examine associations between maternal technology use during mother-infant interactions and indicators of mother-to-infant attachment during early infancy. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Methods Mothers (n = 332) of infants aged 2 to 6 months were recruited via MTurk, a crowdsourcing platform, to participate in an online survey. Participants responded to a series of validated questionnaires that assessed maternal technology use during mother-infant interactions (Maternal Distraction Questionnaire), infant temperament (Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised Very Short Form), and indicators of mother-to-infant attachment, including quality of attachment, absence of hostility toward motherhood, and pleasure in mother-infant interactions (Maternal Postnatal Attachment Questionnaire). Results Greater technology use during mother-infant interactions was significantly associated with greater infant negative affectivity (β = 0.26, p Conclusions Maternal technology use was associated with greater perceptions of infant negative affectivity and poorer mother-to-infant attachment quality; further research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying these associations.
Concealed drug detection via fan beam coded-aperture x-ray diffraction imaging

Detecting illegal drugs in mailed packages without opening the package is a challenge. X-ray diffraction tomography offers the potential capability of uniquely identifying illegal drugs within a package based on their atomic structure. To understand the separability of different drug classes, we generated a library of X-ray diffraction drug signatures and explored them using dimensionality reduction techniques. In addition, we used a compact, multi-modality fan beam Xray imaging system (combining transmission and X-ray diffraction) to distinguish oxycodone from non-prescription medicine when concealed within different types of containment.
A Survey and Quantitative Evaluation of Integrated Circuit-Based Antenna Interfaces and Self-Interference Cancellers for Full-Duplex

Full-duplex (FD) wireless – simultaneous transmission and reception on the same frequency – is a promising technique that can significantly improve spectrum efficiency and reduce communication latency in future wireless networks. To enable FD operation, the powerful self-interference (SI) signal leaking from the transmitter (TX) into the receiver (RX) needs to be suppressed and canceled to an extreme degree at the antenna interface as well as in the RF/analog and digital domains. Various approaches to achieve TX-RX isolation at the antenna interface and SI cancellation (SIC) in the RF/analog and digital domains have been demonstrated, with a focus on using bench-top off-the-shelf components. Recent advances in integrated circuit (IC) implementations of various types of shared antenna interfaces and cancellers in the RF and/or analog baseband (BB) domains have further pushed the frontier of realizing FD wireless in small-form-factor/hand-held devices. Moreover, it is still important to fundamentally study the SIC performance that can be achieved by different types of cancellers. In this paper, we present a first-of-its-kind comprehensive overview on the implementation and comparison of various state-of-the-art integrated shared antenna interfaces and SI cancellers in both the RF and analog BB domains . We define two figures of merit (FOM) for the IC-based shared antenna interfaces and SI cancellers, which capture various design considerations and performance tradeoffs including the achievable isolation/SIC, bandwidth, noise figure degradation, TX/SI power handling, and power consumption. In particular, we focus on two types of integrated shared antenna interfaces including electrical-balance duplexers and circulators. We also discuss two types of SI cancellers based on the time-domain and frequency-domain approaches, which respectively employ parallel delay lines and bandpass filters to emulate the SI channel. Based on realistic measurements, we perform extensive numerical evaluations to illustrate and compare the achievable RF SIC performance in different scenarios, as well as discuss various design tradeoffs. Finally, we provide an overview of the IC-based implementations and performance evaluations of both types of cancellers based on our recent work.