cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of an Aminothiol (WR-1065) on Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis and Cytotoxicity in Two Repair-Deficient Mammalian Cell Lines

WR-2721 and its free thiol WR-1065 have been found to effectively protect against radiation- and/or chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis (1-4), transformation (3) and carcinogenesis (6,7). With respect to the antimutagenic effect, WR-1065 significantly reduced the frequency of HGPRT mutants even when it was administered up to three hours following exposure of cells to radiation (1,4).
Mechanisms of Disease: Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition: Amyloidosis, Light Chain Deposition Disease, and Light and Heavy Chain Deposition Disease

In addition to being a marker of disease, the homogeneous immunoglobulins found in monoclonal plasma cell disorders may produce signs and symptoms related to the presence of increased amounts of a single protein with certain structural and functional characteristics. Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease of either the amyloid or nonamyloid types may occur in the course of clinical myeloma or be associated with a more limited monoclonal proliferative disorder similar to that previously characterized as monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS). Their occurrence in the setting of a limited clonal expression converts the outcome of the process from benign to fatal due to the deposition of the clonal products in vital organs. The tendency to deposit appears to be a property of the chemical structure of the Ig polypeptide involved and the way it is processed, either in the course of its synthesis and secretion or during its passage through blood vessels and tissue parenchyma.
A Review of “Character formation and identity in adolescence: Clinical and developmental issues”

One of the challenges of current psychodynamic practice is the variety of theories that abound, each with its own strengths, each with its own limitations. Clinicians struggle to master the various...
The requirement for the protonated α-amino group for the transport of peptides in Escherichia coli

Many glycine peptides support growth of a glycine auxotroph of Escherichia coli. If the alpha-amino group of these peptides is methylated, the products are still utilized for growth, and also retain comparable ability with the unsubstituted peptides to compete with natural peptides for transport into the cell. In contrast, glycine peptides devoid of an alpha-amino group, or that have the alpha-amino group substituted by one of a number of acyl groups are not utilized, although E. coli possesses intracellular enzymic activity able to release glycine from such compounds; further, these derivatives do not compete with natural peptides for transport into the cell.
From Research to Product: Integrating Treemaps into Enterprise Software

The difficult journey of introducing a new treemap visualization into enterprise software products is described, highlighting interactions among a research team, product teams, and management. Successful product integration ultimately required multiple iterations of prototyping, review, and redirection, as products were cancelled and modified. Several lessons learned are provided, including the need to build flexible and generic prototypes, cultivate champions, and be tenacious.
The effects of values and costs on the detection and identification of signals in auditory vigilance.

Auditory vigilance task, assessing effects on performance of signal detection value, miss or false detection cost and set size from which signals were drawn
Is the degree of food processing and convenience linked with the nutritional quality of foods purchased by US households

Background: “Processed foods” are defined as any foods other than raw agricultural commodities and can be categorized by the extent of changes occurring in foods as a result of processing. Conclusions about the association between the degree of food processing and nutritional quality are discrepant. Objective: We aimed to determine 2000–2012 trends in the contribution of processed and convenience food categories to purchases by US households and to compare saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content of purchases across levels of processing and convenience. Design: We analyzed purchases of consumer packaged goods for 157,142 households from the 2000–2012 Homescan Panel. We explicitly defined categories for classifying products by degree of industrial processing and separately by convenience of preparation. We classified .1.2 million products through use of barcode-specific descriptions and ingredient lists. Median saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content and the likelihood that purchases exceeded maximum daily intake recommendations for these components were compared across levels of processing or convenience by using quantile and logistic regression. Results: More than three-fourths of energy in purchases by US households came from moderately (15.9%) and highly processed (61.0%) foods and beverages in 2012 (939 kcal/d per capita). Trends between 2000 and 2012 were stable. When classifying foods by convenience, ready-to-eat (68.1%) and ready-to-heat (15.2%) products supplied the majority of energy in purchases. The adjusted proportion of household-level food purchases exceeding 10% kcal from saturated fat, 15% kcal from sugar, and 2400 mg sodium/1000 kcal simultaneously was significantly higher for highly processed (60.4%) and ready-to-eat (27.1%) food purchases compared with purchases of less-processed foods (5.6%) or foods requiring cooking/preparation (4.9%). Conclusions: Highly processed food purchases are a dominant, unshifting part of US purchasing patterns yet may have higher saturated fat, sugar, and sodium content compared with less-processed foods. Wide variation in nutrient content suggests food choices within categories may be important. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn. 114.100925.
A comparison of polarographic reduction potentials of some substituted benzoquinolizinium compounds

The presence of substituted side groups on the benzoquinolizinium ion has a measurable effect on the magnitudes of the reduction potentials. Qualitative relationships between inductive and/or resonance effects of these side groups and the corresponding half-wave potentials are discussed.
Cell Cycle, Differentiation and Tissue‐Independent Expression of Ribosomal Protein L37

A unique human cDNA (hG1.16) that encodes a mRNA of 450 nucleotides was isolated from a subtractive library derived from HeLa cells. The relative expression level of hG1.16 during different cell-cycle phases was determined by Northern-blot analysis of cells synchronized by double-thymidine block and serum deprivation/refeeding. hG1.16 was constitutively expressed during all phases of the cell cycle, including the quiescent phase when even most constitutively expressed genes experience some suppression of expression. The expression level of hG1.16 did not change during terminal differentiation of myoblasts to myotubes, during which cells become permanently post-mitotic. Examination of other tissues revealed that the relative expression level of hG1.16 was constitutive in all embryonic mouse tissues examined, including brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, lung and skeletal muscle. This was unusual in that expression was not down-modulated during differentiation and did not vary appreciably between tissue types. Analysis by inter-species Northern-blot analysis revealed that hG1.16 was highly conserved among all vertebrates studied (from fish to humans but not in insects). DNA sequence analysis of hG1.16 revealed a high level of similarity to rat ribosomal protein L37, identifying hG1.16 as a new member of this multigene family. The deduced amino acid sequence of hG1.16 was identical to rat ribosomal protein L37 that contained 97 amino acids, many of which are highly positively charged (15 arginine and 14 lysine residues with a predicted Mr of 11065). hG1.16 protein has a single C2-C2 zinc-finger-like motif which is also present in rat ribosomal protein L37. Using primers designed from the sequence of hG1.16, unique bovine and rat cDNAs were also isolated by 5′-rapid-amplification of cDNA ends. DNA sequences of bovine and rat G1.16, clones were 92.8% and 92.2% similar to human G1.16 while the deduced amino acid sequences derived from bovine and rat cDNAs each differed by a single amino acid from the sequence of hG1.16 and the published rat L37 sequence. Southern-blot analysis revealed that hG1.16 exists in multiple copies in human, rat and mouse genomes. These G1.16 clones encode unique human, rat and bovine members of the ribosomal protein L37 gene family, which are constitutively expressed even during transitions from quiescence to active cell proliferation or terminal differentiation, in all tissues and all vertebrates investigated.
Employment Growth, Worker Mobility, and Rural Economic Development

A county-level labor market model is estimated for North Carolina. The model accounts for inter-county commuting, migration, and within-county adjustments to labor demand shocks. Econometric results indicate that most employment growth (70–80%) during the 1980s was accommodated by changes in commuting flows. Evidence is also presented indicating that labor force growth—and, by extension, population growth and associated fiscal impacts—in rural counties is sensitive to employment growth in nearby urban counties. These results highlight two opposing forces related to spatial spillovers that are usually neglected in analyses of the economic and fiscal impacts of employment growth. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
A fiber-optic nerve stimulation probe integrated with a precise common-path optical coherence tomography distance sensor

We have demonstrated a simple and effective common-path optical coherence tomography guided fiber probe for optical nerve stimulation which improves the spatial precision and safety of stimulation laser power delivery.
Altered Nrf2 Signaling Mediates Hypoglycemia-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Dysfunction In Vitro

Hypoglycemia impairs blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial function; a major hallmark in the pathogenesis of various CNS disorders. Previously, we have demonstrated that prolonged hypoglycemic exposure down-regulated BBB endothelial NF-E2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression; a redox-sensitive transcriptional factor that regulates endothelial function. Here, we sought to determine the functional role of Nrf2 in preserving BBB integrity and molecular mechanisms underlying hypoglycemia-induced Nrf2 down-regulation in vitro using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3). Cell monolayers were exposed to normal or hypoglycemic (5.5 or 2.2mM D-glucose) media for 3-24h. Pharmacological or gene manipulation (by silencing RNA) approaches were used to investigate specific molecular pathways implicated in hypoglycemia-induced Nrf2 degradation. BBB integrity was assessed by paracellular permeability to labeled dextrans of increasing molecular sizes (4-70kDa). Silencing Nrf2 expression in hCMEC/D3 cells abrogated the expression of claudin-5 and VE-cadherin, while ZO-1 was up-regulated. These effects were paralleled by a decrease in electrical resistance of hCMEC/D3 monolayers and potential increase in permeability to all labeled dextrans. Hypoglycemic exposure (3-24h) led to progressive and sustained down-regulation of Nrf2 (without affecting mRNA) and its target, NQO-1, with a concomitant increase in the cytosolic pool of E3 ubiquitin ligase, Siah2 (but not Keap1). Pretreatment with protease inhibitor MG132, or selective knock-down of Siah2 (but not Keap1) significantly attenuated hypoglycemia-induced Nrf2 destabilization. While hypoglycemic exposure triggered a significant increase in BBB permeability to dextrans, silencing Siah2 gene abrogated the effects of hypoglycemia and restored BBB integrity. In summary, our data indicate a potential role for Nrf2 signaling in regulating tight junction integrity and maintaining BBB function. Nrf2 suppression by increased Siah2-driven proteasomal degradation mediates hypoglycemia-evoked endothelial dysfunction and loss of BBB integrity. Overall, this study suggests that sustained activation of endothelial Nrf2 signaling could have therapeutic potential to prevent hypoglycemia-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction.
The empirical connection between (p,n) cross sections and beta decay transition strengths

A proportionality is assumed to exist between 0° (p,n) cross sections and the corresponding beta decay transition strengths. The validity of this assumption is tested by comparison of measured (p,n) cross sections and analogous beta decay strengths. Distorted waves impulse approximation calculations also provide useful estimates of the accuracy of the proportionality relationship.
Oxidized lipoproteins, altered cell function and atherosclerosis

A correlation between atherogenesis and lipoprotein oxidation was first suggested by experiments showing increased uptake by macrophages of oxidized LDL and oxidized LDL injury to cultured cells. Recent data which demonstrate the existence of oxidized lipoproteins in vivo, combined with studies showing a 'protective' effect of antioxidants against atherosclerosis progression, have greatly increased the interest in theories posing that lipoprotein oxidation is causally related to arterial disease. The fact that dozens of new compounds are produced upon the oxidation of low density lipoprotein has led, perhaps not surprisingly, to numerous discoveries in vitro of altered cell function induced by exposure of cells to oxidized LDL that are distinct from those resulting from exposure to native LDL. This brief overview will describe selected altered cell functions of oxidized lipoproteins and how they may impact on atherosclerosis.
Estimation of maximum possible daily global solar radiation

The estimation of maximum possible daily global solar radiation is important in many applied sciences. This study develops and evaluates climatic extreme based modifications of two single-atmospheric-layer broadband solar shortwave irradiance models for the purpose of estimating a dynamic upper boundary for global solar radiation at any given location. Climatic component models were developed for five rural locations in the central United States: Ames, IA, Bismarck, ND, Columbia, MO, Dodge City, KS, and Wooster, OH. Each site had long-term (30 or 31 years) records of daily global solar radiation data available. Aerosol optical depth, precipitable water, and surface albedo were the input variables. Data for the first two inputs were obtained from the SAMSON database (Solar and Meteorological Observation Network). Albedo interpolating curves were estimated from the predecessor of SAMSON. For each site, precipitable water and aerosol optical depth daily data were used to develop annual trends in the climatic lows and normals for each variable. The normals were based on median daily values. Nonlinear generalized least squares regression analyses were used to develop the interpolating curves. To evaluate the global radiation models, maximum daily global solar radiation values were selected for each day in the year from the entire period of record for each site. In either broadband model, the use of the climatic normals in each input variable either interpolated or underestimated the selected radiometer data. The use of the climatic lows, however, yielded a reasonable upper boundary for the selected data. The result may be partially due to the fact that the climatic minima curves for each turbidity variable were generally significantly different throughout the year from the climatic normals (P < 0.05). The global solar radiation models were most sensitive to aerosol optical depth. Although it is more sensitive to input variation and it is somewhat less conservative, the simpler of the two broadband models is adequate for most applications. While results are site-specific, the methodology is general and provides a climatic-based definition for maximum possible daily global solar radiation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Enzymatic degradation of the walls of spherules ofCoccidioides immitis

The cell wall of the spherule phase ofCoccidioides immitis was studied through the use of degradative enzymes and transmission electron microscopy. The evidence obtained indicated that the cell wall has multiple layers of differing chemical composition. In the mature cell wall, the inner half, adjacent to the cytoplasmic membrane, appeared to be a matrix of chitin and β-(1–3)-glucan. In contrast, the outer half of the cell wall was found to be largely α-(1–3)-glucan. Interspersed throughout the wall was what appeared to be a mannan-protein complex. This complex had the effect of masking the multiple layers of the wall, and appeared to be responsible for holding the layers together and anchoring the wall to the membrane. The evidence suggested a sequential addition of wall components to maturing cleavage planes of the endosporulating spherule.
A cytoplasmic activator of DNA replication is involved in signal transduction in antigen-specific T cell lines.

Abstract Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from T cell lines undergoing antigen-specific, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent proliferation were tested for their ability to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei. A tetanus toxoid (TET)-specific T cell line, established from peripheral blood of a normal human volunteer, was stimulated in the presence of relevant antigen and 1 unit/ml IL-2. Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from these cells were capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei. The ability of Cytoplasmic extracts to induce DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei correlated positively with the degree of proliferation induced in these cells. In contrast, incubation of this T cell line in the absence of antigen failed to induce proliferation and Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from these cells induced little to no DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei. The factor present in the cytoplasm of T cells stimulated with relevant antigen in the presence of IL-2 is similar, if not identical, to a factor which we have previously demonstrated in Cytoplasmic extracts prepared from transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and from mitogenically stimulated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This factor, which we have called activator of DNA replication (ADR) is a heat-labile protein, and is inactivated by treatment with protease inhibitors, including aprotinin. The ability of Cytoplasmic extracts from T cells undergoing antigen-specific, IL-2-dependent proliferation to induce DNA synthesis in isolated, quiescent nuclei was markedly inhibited in the presence of aprotinin, providing strong evidence that a cytoplasmic activator of DNA replication, ADR, is involved in the signal transduction process for antigen-specific, IL-2-dependent T cell proliferation. ADR may represent a common intracellular mediator of DNA synthesis in activated and transformed lymphocytes.
Real-time adaptive filters for time-delay estimation

Abstract The development of real-time solutions for time-delay (TDE) estimation problems is addressed. Two solutions using adaptive digital filters are evaluated. One is based on the well-known Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm (LMSTDE) and the other is a novel algorithm using gradient adaptive lattice structures as pre-whitening filters followed by an LMS time-delay estimator (GALTDE). The filters are implemented on a Texas Instruments TMS320-C25 system and detailed performance comparisons are given. The GALTDE is shown to have far lower dependence on the eigenvalue structure of the input correlation matrix, and consistently outperforms LMSTDE over a range of input signal types and SNR conditions.
Conversion of an analytical high-performance liquid chromatographic system into an automated semi-preparative unit and its application to the separation of a mixture of benzyl α- and β-D-glucofuranosides and glucopyranosides

Abstract The conversion of an analytical high-performance liquid chromatograph to an automated semi-preparative unit capable of continuous 24-h operation is described. By the use of this technique a mixture of α- and β- D -glueofuranosides and glycopyranosides was separated into their individual components. The continuous operating capability of this system allowed 2.5–3 g of processed material to be collected over a 24-h period.
Windows and RSS: beyond blogging

RSS (and related technologies like Atom) are gaining significant traction as a means for allowing users to "subscribe" to content on the web and get notified when new content is available. More recently, "podcasting" -- a simple extension to RSS to enable references to audio files -- has taken off as a means to subscribe to episodal audio content. More generally, RSS feeds are being used in many arenas to communicate all sorts of different types of content, either using extensions to the RSS format, or simply by transmitting binary files.At its heart, RSS is a very simple XML-based format with very simple semantics, but the potential uses appear endless. This talk will examine many of the uses of RSS, and discuss why this simple format has become so important that Microsoft is building native support for RSS into its next generation operating system and browser platforms.It will also cover many of the technical challenges inherent in building scalable support for RSS into a client operating system.
Performance Testing of HTHP Electrostatic Precipitator at NYU PFBC Facility

NYU has an ongoing research program which is being funded by DOE to test three types of high-pressure, high-temperature filters. The main objectives of the testing program are: (1) to establish the performance capability of the filters under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions; and (2) to evaluate the dust collection efficiency. Shakedown tests for a duration of about 50 hours was completed during October 1986. Testing of the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is in progress. The first test with ESP was performed during the middle of November 1986. The operating experience with respect to the test facility, and in particular with the particulate sampling systems, is reported in this paper. Additionally, some test results are also discussed.Copyright © 1988 by ASME
Impacts of integration of production of black and green energy

As the mandate for minimum renewable sources renders Tradable Green Certificates (TGCs) an essential input for power generation, it may induce mergers between power companies of conventional and renewable sources. Such mergers enable the integrated firms to extend market power from the TGC market to the physical energy market. We find that the price of TGCs is indeed higher in the integrated market than the disintegrated market, indicating the presence of market power leveraging. However, despite higher TGC price, the total supply of electricity is greater under integration than disintegration, reflecting efficiency gains from vertical integration, which eliminates double marginalization. The thrust of this paper is that market changes induced by environmental policies will in turn affect environmental and economic regulations. For example, increased supply resulting from integration induced by the renewable source mandate may reduce the effectiveness of programs that promote energy saving behavior, but at the same time creates room for raising the minimum of renewable sources without unduly depressing production and consumption.
Heart rate variability and pain: associations of two interrelated homeostatic processes

Between-person variability in pain sensitivity remains poorly understood. Given a conceptualization of pain as a homeostatic emotion, we hypothesized inverse associations between measures of resting heart rate variability (HRV), an index of autonomic regulation of heart rate that has been linked to emotionality, and sensitivity to subsequently administered thermal pain. Resting electrocardiography was collected, and frequency-domain measures of HRV were derived through spectral analysis. Fifty-nine right-handed participants provided ratings of pain intensity and unpleasantness following exposure to 4 degrees C thermal pain stimulation, and indicated their thresholds for barely noticeable and moderate pain during three exposures to decreasing temperature. Greater low-frequency HRV was associated with lower ratings of 4 degrees C pain unpleasantness and higher thresholds for barely noticeable and moderate pain. High-frequency HRV was unrelated to measures of pain sensitivity. Findings suggest pain sensitivity is influenced by characteristics of a central homeostatic system also involved in emotion.
Sloshing in Pools under Earthquake-Like Ground Motions

Spent-fuel elements from nuclear reactors are stored in pool structures while waiting to be reprocessed. Very large pools are being considered for future use and because of the large size, modularization into cells might be desirable. However, the effect of modularization on earthquake resistance needs to be investigated. Hydrodynamic pressures and water slosh-height are important considerations. Because of a lack of experimental data on large pools, the validity of using available hydrodynamic analytical techniques remains uncertain. Therefore, two experiments involving moderately large swimming pools near the Nevada Test Site were carried out during two high-yield, underground nuclear events. The results indicated that a linear hydrodynamic theory could be used and that damping in the water was nearly zero for the pool sizes studied. Spectral displacements at low frequencies govern the slosh and amplitude, but reported values at these frequencies, unfortunately, are not always accurate.
Stretching and Slipping of Fibers in Isothermal Draw Processes

We model the drawing of fibers and films on a roller with equations of motion in which centrifugal acceleration and acceleration due to stretching are retained in the momentum equations. An important distinction is that our new solution fundamentally couples fiber tension to fiber stretch, in contrast to all existing solutions, which either neglect stretching acceleration or neglect both centrifugal acceleration and stretching acceleration. We find that the tension and draw ratios between the point of exit to the point of attachment of fibers with the roller depend on three nondimensional parameters. For certain values of these parameters, the exact solution can be approximated either by the quasistatic solution. neglecting both acceleration terms in the momentum equation, or by the solution including only the centrifugal acceleration. The quasistatic approximation underpredicts the tension magnification and draw ratio when the stiffness k of the fibers is less than the initial tension T o, and overpredic...
Comments On Measurement Issues In Relating It Expenditures To Productivity Growth

(1995). Comments On Measurement Issues In Relating It Expenditures To Productivity Growth. Economics of Innovation and New Technology: Vol. 3, No. 3-4, pp. 317-321.
The natural history of tunneled hemodialysis catheters removed or exchanged: a single-institution experience.

Purpose To track the natural history of tunneled hemodialysis catheters requiring removal or exchange at a single institution. Materials and methods Over a 2-year period, tunneled hemodialysis catheters that presented to interventional radiology for removal or exchange were entered into this retrospective study. Patient demographics, catheter location, dwell time, and indication for removal were recorded. Pull-back contrast venography was performed with imaging over the chest. Catheters were then removed or exchanged. Results Three hundred thirty-four tunneled dialysis catheters were removed or exchanged in 207 patients; 108 male, median age 53 years. Dwell time, available from 296 catheters, ranged from 1 to 114 days (median, 66 days) for a total of 32,847 catheter days. One hundred three catheters were removed for infection, yielding a rate of infection requiring catheter removal of 3.0 per 1,000 catheter days. One hundred catheters were removed for other working access, and 96 catheters were exchanged for poor function. Two hundred sixty-five were removed or exchanged from the internal jugular vein, 22 from the subclavian vein, and 24 from the femoral vein. One hundred seventy-two (76%) of the 226 catheters studied with contrast had fibrin sheaths; of which 42 had thrombus identified along the catheter tract. One hundred ninety-three catheters were removed, and 141 catheters were exchanged for new catheters with 82 catheters receiving balloon disruption of the fibrin sheath. Conclusions Approximately one third of tunneled dialysis catheters are removed for infection, one third for other working access, and one third for poor function. Catheters usually remain in the patient for a median of 2 months. Fibrin sheaths associated with hemodialysis catheters are very common. Thrombus formation around the sheath is frequent.
Beyond the invisible hand: a case for moderate competition

Suggests that too much market competition, like too little, hurts the US economy. Argues the case for moderate competition, where the operation of the invisible hand of free market competition is limited not only by the concern of the socio‐economic costs of competition, but also by the fact that it is likely to yield better economic performance. Identifies several competition indicators and relates these to economic performance indicators to see whether the degree of competition has a bearing on US economic performance. Concludes that the lacklustre performance of the US economy during 1980‐1991, as compared to the 1960‐1971 period, is likely to be due to too much competition. Proposes several principles of a blueprint for moderate competition.
Identification and Characterization of a Juvenile Hormone Response Element and Its Binding Proteins

Juvenile hormones (JH) regulate a wide variety of developmental and physiological processes in insects. Comparison of microarray data on JH-induced genes in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, L57 cells and in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, identified 16 genes that are induced in both species. Analysis of promoter regions of these 16 D. melanogaster genes identified DmJHRE1 (D. melanogaster JH response element 1). In L57 cells, the reporter gene regulated by DmJHRE1 was induced by JH III. Two proteins (FKBP39 and Chd64) that bind to DmJHRE1 were identified. FKBP39 and Chd64 double-stranded RNA inhibited JH III induction of a reporter gene regulated by DmJHRE1. FKBP39 and Chd64 proteins expressed in yeast bound to DmJHRE1. Two-hybrid and pull-down assays showed that these two proteins interact with each other as well as with ecdysone receptor, ultraspiracle, and methoprene-tolerant protein. Developmental expression profiles and JH induction of mRNA for FKBP39 and Chd64 proteins and their interaction with proteins known to be involved in both JH (methoprene-tolerant protein) and ecdysteroid action (ecdysone receptor and ultraspiracle) suggest that these proteins probably play important roles in cross-talk between JH and ecdysteroids.
Urinary free Cortisol excretion in depression

Urinary free Cortisol (UFC) excretion was determined in 60 depressed inpatients and in 35 psychiatric inpatients with other disorders. The depressed patients had high daily UFC values, while the other patients excreted normal amounts. Over 40% of the depressed patients had UFC excretions in the range seen in Cushing's disease, while only 6% of the other patients excreted such high amounts of Cortisol. Age and sex differences did not account for the results. Among the depressed patients those with depressive neuroses excreted less than unipolar or bipolar depressives. Following treatment, more normal UFC excretion was found in depressed patients. The estimation of UFC and its clinical utility are discussed in detail. UFC determination is a simple and informative indicator of adrenal cortical activation and its application to psychoendocrine studies is recommended.
819 LEUKEMOID REACTION IN DOWN'S SYNDROME: IN VITRO MATURATION OF CIRCULATING STEM CELLS

A marked increase in WBC count with blast cell predominance in blood is a well known hematological abnormality seen in neonates with Down's syndrome. Differentiation of true leukemia from a transient leukemoid reaction is often difficult. Examination of in vitro colony formation and maturation by circulating stem cells may be helpful in separating the two entities. We studied a newborn infant with trisomy 21 Down's syndrome who had juandice, 5 cm palpable liver and 1 cm palpable spleen. The Hb, WBC and platelet count at day 3 of life were 12.5 gm %, 62,300 with 58% blasts and 90.5×103/mm3, respectively. Blood group incompatibility and intrauterine infections were excluded. The marrow showed 17% blasts. Prominent large basophilic granules were present in late myeloid precursors. The patient was simply observed. During the next 6 weeks the hematological picture returned to normal. Cultures of blood stem cells using the methylcellulose system were done on two occasions at day 9 of age (WBC 38.5×103, 47% blasts), and at day 26 of age (WBC 17.7×103, 6% blasts). The first blood formed 1,525 myeloid and 213 erythroid, and the second blood 256 myeloid and 17 erythroid colonies/ml of blood, respectively. No maturational difficiency was observed by cytological study of representative colonies. This normal maturation pattern is consistent with the spontaneous resolution of the clinical picture. The technique may be a useful tool in predicting the outcome.
Does testosterone therapy increase the risk of prostate cancer

Objective: To review factors affecting use of testosterone therapy for hypogonadism including the persistent controversial link between testosterone therapy and prostate cancer.Methods: We reviewed...
In the Face of Conflict: Work‐Life Conflict and Desired Work Hour Adjustments

This study helps integrate the work-life and work hours literatures by examining competing predictions about the relationship between work-life conflict and the desire for paid work. Using data from the 1997 National Study of the Changing Workforce (N =2,178), I find that work-life conflict makes women want to decrease the number of hours they work whether the conflict originates at home or at work. Men only want to decrease their hours when work-life conflict originates at work, and some men facing frequent conflict actually want to increase their hours. I also find that having children does not increase the likelihood of wanting to work fewer hours but having a higher income does.
Instrumental music in the urban centres of Renaissance Germany

Modern scholarship about Renaissance instrumental music has suffered from a scarcity of musical sources. Consequently current research efforts often seem to operate in the manner of archaeological excavations; at times it is only as one layer is painstakingly uncovered that the configurations of another are revealed. This was certainly the experience of this contribution, which began as an investigation into late fifteenth-century Italian instrumental practices. The early phases of the Italian study involved sifting through many archival documents, and one initial miscellaneous impression was that German players frequently appeared in Italian ensembles. Pursuit of this almost casual observation led first to an awareness that German presence in Italy was substantial, then, further, to the fact that the oltramontani dominated aspects of instrumental music. This knowledge of the German contribution led, in turn, to a substantial reappraisal of the formative stages of ensemble performance practices.
Taking from Books by Asking Questions

Abstract Researchers suggest that children learn to take from texts through interactive book reading experiences. This would suggest that parents model behaviors, like questioning, while reading books. The transcripts of 9 mother/child dyads from the Harvard Home-School Study of Language and Literacy Development were examined for evidence of question-asking by both members of the dyad. Few questions were asked by either mother or child. Although modeling cannot be ruled out as a way that children learn to take from text, this sample does not support the hypothesis that children learn to ask questions from parental modeling.
In‐vitro and in‐vivo metabolic studies of the candidate chemopreventative pentamethylchromanol using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Objectives This study focuses on the in-vitro metabolic profiles of pentamethyl-chromanol in human, rat, dog and non-human primates, and characterizes the associated metabolic kinetics and specific human isozymes responsible for metabolism. Additional investigations compare in-vitro data with in-vivo metabolic data from rats and dogs. Methods In-vitro metabolites were generated from commercially available microsomes, S9 fractions and cytochrome P450 isozymes. Reaction mixtures were analysed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for metabolite identification, stability, pheno-typing and kinetic profiles. Plasma samples were collected from 28-day toxicology studies in rats and dogs, and analysed using the same methodology as for the identification of in-vitro metabolites. Key findings Samples from in-vitro experiments produced a total of eight identified metabolites while five were observed in the in-vivo samples. Kinetic analysis of metabolites in human microsomes generated Michaelis constants (KM) ranging from 10.9 to 104.9 μM. Pentamethylchromanol metabolic stability varied by species and multiple isozymes were identified for the observed biotransformation pathways. Pentamethylchromanol is susceptible to multiple metabolic pathways and differential metabolic stability, which is species dependent. Conclusions In-vitro metabolism was not a strong predictor of in-vivo metabolism for the samples assays but showed glucuronidation and sulfation as common biotransformation pathways.
Facilitated sequence counting and assembly by template mutagenesis

Presently, inferring the long-range structure of the DNA templates is limited by short read lengths. Accurate template counts suffer from distortions occurring during PCR amplification. We explore the utility of introducing random mutations in identical or nearly identical templates to create distinguishable patterns that are inherited during subsequent copying. We simulate the applications of this process under assumptions of error-free sequencing and perfect mapping, using cytosine deamination as a model for mutation. The simulations demonstrate that within readily achievable conditions of nucleotide conversion and sequence coverage, we can accurately count the number of otherwise identical molecules as well as connect variants separated by long spans of identical sequence. We discuss many potential applications, such as transcript profiling, isoform assembly, haplotype phasing, and de novo genome assembly.
Adenocarcinoma of the palate—Diagnosis and management

Abstract Although nonsubclassified adenocarcinomas of the minor salivary glands are rare, they seem to present the least favorable prognosis of all malignant lesions in this site.
Thermodynamics of the massive Thirring model: Weak sine-Gordon coupling regime

Abstract The thermodynamics of the massive Thirring model is formulated in the weak sine-Gordon coupling regime. In particular, the breather problem is discussed and the exact classical theory is reproduced. The soliton mass and the breather mass at finite temperature are also found.
LIFE HISTORY AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF PRISTHESANCUS PAPUENSIS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

A reduviid predator, Pristhesancus papuensis Stal, was introduced into South. Carolina from Australia in 1979. Its life history is described. Under laboratory conditions, the average number of eggs per mass was 80. Mean incubation time was 15.6 days at 27 °C. Females deposited an average of 568 eggs in 7.7 masses during their adult lifespan of 124 days. Average male longevity was significantly less (93 days) than that of females (124 days). A preoviposition period of 33.5 days was required, and a single mating was sufficient to insure fertilization during the egg-laying period. Developmental time was determined for each immature stage at 27 °C. Five immature stages and adults are described and illustrated.
Maintenance of a narrow host range by Oxyops vitiosa; a biological control agent of Melaleuca quinquenervia

Host range expansion in insect herbivores is often thought to be mediated by several factors, principal among them are secondary plant metabolites. In weed biological control, the host range of a prospective agent is one of the most important considerations in its implementation. Extensive host testing tests seek to determine the behavioral acceptance and nutritional value of different test plant species to the potential agent. A list of test plants is compiled that comprises species that are close taxonomic relatives of the target weed plus other species of economic or ecologic importance. The host testing of the Melaleuca quinquenervia biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa indicated that larvae would accept and complete development on the Australian target weed M. quinquenervia, two Australian ornamental species, Callistemon citrina, Callistemon viminalis (all Myrtaceae). However, the larvae did not complete development when fed a North American species Myrica cerifera (Myricaceae). The study reported here confirms these results and examines the nutritional and performance differences in O. vitiosa larvae fed leaves of these species. The leaf quality factors, percent moisture, percent nitrogen, toughness, and terpenoid content were related to larval survival, performance and digestive indices. The results indicate that plant quality among the Myrtaceae species was generally similar and correspondingly larval survival, performance and digestive indices differed little when larvae were fed leaves of these species. However, significant differences occurred in the plant quality of the North American M. cerifera compared with the Australian species which had leaves with the lowest percent moisture, lowest leaf toughness, highest percent nitrogen. This species, however, is not a physiological host as none of the neonates survived to pupate. When third instars were switched to M. cerifera from their normal host M. quinquenervia reductions were found in survival, biomass gain, digestive efficiency, and conversion of digested food to insect biomass. The marginal acceptance of this North American native plant in laboratory bioassays appears related to the terpenoid chemistry that has similarities to the taxonomically unrelated host M. quinquenervia. However, the high larval mortality corresponds to several novel terpenoids that are not present in the host. For weed biological control host testing these results indicate that M. cerifera is a poor host for O. vitiosa. Additionally, future test plant lists should include plants with secondary metabolites similar to the target weed as these compounds may constitute behavioral cues that are relevant to these specialized herbivores.
American Accounting Education, Textbooks and Public Practice Prior to 1900

Some later observers, impressed perhaps by rapid progress of the art after 1900, showed disdain for nineteenth-century methods. Five principal factors, however, produced a steady evolution and made accounting an element of importance in the nineteenth-century American business world.
Experimental limits on the photon mass and cosmic magnetic vector potential

A novel experimental approach based on a toroid Cavendish balance is used to evaluate the product of photon mass squared and the ambient cosmic magnetic vector potential $A$. The method is based on the energy density of the vector potential in the presence of photon mass, not on measurement of the magnetic field. The experiment discloses $A{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{2}l2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, with ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ as the characteristic length associated with photon mass. Consequently, if the ambient magnetic vector potential is $A\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{12}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{m}$ due to cluster level fields, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}g2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}$. If we conservatively use galactic fields prior to a reversal, then ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}g1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}$, a figure still superior to that derived from the Jovian magnetic field.
A Multi-Pass Algorithm for Adjusting a Network Topology in Multipoint Communications

Multimedia traffic on the Internet has grown dramatically in the past few years. Web sites, such as YouTube and Hulu, offer entertainment and educational multimedia content that previously was only available through broadcast or cable television and on storage media, such as CD-ROMs and videotapes. Latency is a key issue in the delivery of online content, especially with respect to multicasting. The authors' proposed approach seeks to reduce overall latency for multicast streams.
Atom probe tomography studies of Al2O3 gate dielectrics on GaN

Atom probe tomography was used to achieve three-dimensional characterization of in situ Al2O3/GaN structures grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Al2O3 dielectrics grown at three different temperatures of 700, 900, and 1000 °C were analyzed and compared. A low temperature GaN cap layer grown atop Al2O3 enabled a high success rate in the atom probe experiments. The Al2O3/GaN interfaces were found to be intermixed with Ga, N, and O over the distance of a few nm. Impurity measurements data showed that the 1000 °C sample contains higher amounts of C (4 × 1019/cm3) and lower amounts of H (7 × 1019/cm3), whereas the 700 °C sample exhibits lower C impurities (<1017/cm3) and higher H incorporation (2.2 × 1020/cm3). On comparing with Al2O3 grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD), it was found that the MOCVD Al2O3/GaN interface is comparatively abrupt. Scanning transmission electron microscopy data showed that the 900 °C and 1000 °C MOCVD films exhibit polycrystalline nature, while the ALD films...
A binding assay for serine hydroxymethyltransferase.

Abstract A sensitive assay for measuring serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity has been developed, based on the binding of N 5 , N 10 -[ 14 C]methylene tetrahydrofolate (THF) to DEAE-cellulose paper. The complete assay requires THF, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, [ 14 C]serine, and enzyme. The reaction is stopped by streaking an aliquot of the reaction mixture onto a square of DEAE-cellulose paper, washing the paper with water to remove unreacted serine, drying the paper, and counting the bound N 5 , N 10 -[ 14 C]methylene-THF. To determine that the labeled product was N 5 , N 10 -methylene-THF, unlabeled formaldehyde, which exchanges with the labeled methylene carbon, was added after the product had accumulated; 2 min after the addition of formaldehyde the amount of labeled product was reduced by 50%, and by 85% after 10 min. In addition, glycine, which reverses the reaction, and hydroxylamine, which reacts with the methylene carbon, reduced the number of counts bound to the paper. Binding of product to the filter is proportional to both enzyme concentration and assay time. No counts were retained on phosphocellulose filters. This assay represents a new and simple method for measuring serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity, which can be used to measure enzyme activity in tissue homogenates and for screening large numbers of samples.