cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural factors in payment for psychoanalytic therapy

1. The symbolic and motivational significance of payment in psychoanalytic therapy has been discussed in the professional literature, but the cultural significance of, and conflicts surrounding such payment, have been neglected. 2. Horney provides a theoretical structure for interpretation of the cultural significance of payment in terms of choices offered by the culture and the personal conflicts to which such alternatives give rise. 3. We have attempted to apply the Horney concepts in a way that places problems concerning payment in the perspective of our particular culture, and to suggest that (and why) conflict surrounding payment may be considered maximal in contemporary United States society. 4. By conduting extensive further research into the problem, and programing in accordance with its finding it is suggested that an important are of confict in psychoanalytic therapy could be reduced or controlled, with consequent improvement in the quality of treatment.
The synchronization of oral development without cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C.

Cells of T. pyriformis strain GL-C synchronized in an amino-acid-free medium underwent synchronous oral replacement in place of cell division. This involved development of an oral primordium at the anterior end of the cell, with a concomitant rounding of the cell. The timing of this development was very similar to that of primordium development during synchronous division. In some experiments a second synchronous oral replacement was observed about 90 minutes after the first. Synchronization of oral replacement was similar to that of cell division. Prior to the heat shocks cells maintained in amino-acid-free medium were undergoing oral replacement asynchronously (with no concurrent macronuclear DNA synthesis). During the synchronizing treatment, development was initiated in the inter-shock intervals but was arrested by the 34° heat shocks. As a result, cells became progressively accumulated in the earliest stage of oral replacement development. This accumulation did not take place if a single continuous heat treatment was given, or if cells were maintained in 2,4-dinitrophenol, actinomycin D, or cycloheximide during the periodic heat shock treatment. The synchronous oral replacement which took place after the end of the synchronizing treatment (EST) could be blocked completely by actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and puromycin, and partially by p-fluorophenylalanine. Exposure to cycloheximide (1 μg/ml) during stage 1 of stomatogenesis (10–30 minutes after EST) resulted in arrest of development, exposure during stages 3 and 4 (45 minutes) brought about primordium resorption, while exposure in stage 5 (60 minutes) permitted completion of development, with subsequent partial resorption. These responses were identical to those of synchronized dividing cells treated at comparable stages.
One methods to real-time control tool PM effect and predict WAT output

Unusually there was only in-line monitor to check the post maintenance quality in semiconductor fab, especial in frond-end process. As these are 1∼ 2 months time form frond-end tool to WAT/CP test. If the post maintenance monitor is OK, but something wrong at WAT/CP test, there will be huge loss. There are many methods to mention the post maintenance quality control by FDC metrology. But most of them are too complicated to real time control for Fab operation. We want to introduce a simple method to real-time monitor/control post maintenance quality and can predict key WAT/CP parameter trend.
Effect of Magnetic Fields on the Resistance and Microstructure of Al-Cu Alloy during Solidification Processing

The resistance of Al-21%Cu alloy under no magnetic field, DC magnetic field and AC magnetic field from liquid to solid was measured by a four-probe method. The difference of resistance versus temperature curves (R-T curves) was analyzed. It is found that the R-T curves of Al-21%Cu alloy are monotone decreasing and have two obvious turning points. Under DC magnetic field, the liquidus and solidus temperatures of the alloy both decrease, while under AC magnetic field, the liquidus and solidus temperatures both increase. There is a good agreement between the microstructure of quenching sample and R-T curves. The mechanism of the effect of magnetic fields was discussed.
FROM SOFT TO REAL PIONS IN NUCLEI AND EXTENDED SYSTEMS.

Abstract The finite-mass correction to the soft-pion limit is discussed on the example of the pion-nucleus charge-exchange amplitude. We show that the main deviation from the soft-pion limit is the distorsion of the pion wave by the nucleus, which insures unitarity. If the pion-nucleus interaction can be represented by an equivalent optical potential, the soft-pion limit is the Born approximation. The composite structure of the nucleus is responsible for smaller deviations. Experiments support this picture.
Obesity and GERD

Epidemiologic data have demonstrated that obesity is an important risk factor for the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). There is also accumulating data that obesity is associated with complications related to longstanding reflux such as erosive esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Central obesity, rather than body mass index, appears to be more closely associated with these complications. Surgical data are confounded by the concomitant repair of prevalent hiatal hernias in many patients.
The Enigmatic Inner Core

Over the past billion years or so, Earth's liquid iron core has cooled and solidified, resulting in the growth of a solid inner core ( 1 ). Seismic data on the structure of this inner core reveal a bewildering degree of complexity ( 2 , 3 ). Most surprising is the observation that the seismic properties differ between the eastern and the western half of the inner core (see the figure) ( 4 ). How could distinct hemispheres develop as the inner core has grown? On page 1014 of this issue, Monnereau et al. ( 5 ) propose an intriguing answer: They suggest that as the inner core has grown, material has moved laterally within it. When this lateral motion is sufficiently fast, melting and solidification should occur in opposite hemispheres. Newly formed iron crystals in one hemisphere would grow with age during transit across the inner core. The hemispherical differences in seismic properties emerge from differences in average crystal sizes. Further insight into the properties of the inner core is provided by Deuss et al. on page 1018 ( 6 ), who develop a new method for estimating hemispherical structure.
Dielectric analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) zinc(II) mono-pinacolborane diphenylporphyrin composites

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites were made from a polar metalloporphyrin [5-(4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl[1′,3′,2′]dioxaborolan-2′-yl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrinato]zinc(II) (Zn(II)Bpin-DPP) in select weight % (wt%). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that porphyrin acted as an antiplasticizer raising the glass transition (Tg) from 105 °C to 123 °C. Dielectric Analysis (DEA) was performed in the frequency range of 0.3 Hz to 100 kHz between −150 and 270 °C. Permittivity ( ɛ ′), loss factor ( ɛ ″) and dielectric response of beta (β), alpha beta (αβ), and conductivity relaxations were studied. Previous DEA data was limited to 190 °C. This study brings analysis to 270 °C which is start point for the first part of PMMA degradation. Thus forwarding DEA can be used to evaluate PMMA degradation. The electric modulus formalism is used to reveal the β and conductivity relaxations. The apparent activation energies (E a ) for the molecular relaxations are presented. AC ( σ AC ) and DC ( σ DC ) conductivity are also evaluated.
Long-term video EEG monitoring for diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures have long been known by many names. A short list includes hysteroepilepsy, hysterical seizures, pseudoseizures, nonepileptic events, nonepileptic spells, nonepileptic seizures, and psychogenic nonepileptic attacks. These events are typically misdiagnosed for years and are frequently treated as electrographic seizures and epilepsy. These patients experience all the side effects of antiepileptic drugs and none of the benefits. Video electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring is the gold standard diagnostic test that can make a clear distinction between psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and epilepsy. Video EEG allows us to correctly characterize the patient's events and therefore properly diagnose and direct management. As a result, years of faulty management and wasted health care dollars can be avoided.
Worlds of consequences: feminist ethnography as social action

L'A. analyse l'ethnographie feministe en tant qu'action sociale. Elle montre que la relation entre l'engagement feministe et l'experimentation textuelle s'est realisee dans l'etude de Peggy Sanday sur le viol fraternel sur le campus universitaire ou elle enseigne et le Projet El Barrio du Centre pour les Etudes Portoricaines ou l'on enseigne aux femmes leur histoire et l'ecriture. Partager les privileges, la litterature et l'information est un moyen, dans le cadre des relations feminines dans les conditions postcoloniales d'inegalite, de traverser les fosses entre les femmes de l'academie et celles des communautes ethniques detruites par le capitalisme. La culture ecrite doit depasser la seule esthetique du texte individuel.
Viscoelastic, Thermal, and Microstructural Characterization of Soy Protein Isolate Films

Viscoelastic, thermal, and microstructural properties of plasticized soy protein isolate (SPI) films processed by thermal compaction are discussed. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that protein films exhibit substantial thermal degradation at temperatures above 180 °C and that the processing temperature limit is about 150 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates the existence of multiple glass transition temperatures associated with glycerol- and protein-rich phases. Scanning electron micrographs of the cross-sections of films containing 30 and 40 wt% glycerol indicate the presence of ridges and valleys resulting from an extensive local deformation of the 'protein matrix,' which explains the large flexibility of these films as compared to those containing only 20 wt% plasticizer.
Adenovirus E4orf6 oncoprotein modulates the function of the p53-related protein, p73

Recently, several proteins have been identified that are related in their sequence to the p53 tumor-suppressor protein. One of these proteins, which is termed p73, exhibits sequence homology to the p53 transcriptional activation, DNA binding, and oligomerization domains. The adenovirus E1B 55-kDa protein, the adenovirus E4orf6 protein, and SV40 T antigen each can bind to p53 and inhibit p53 function. Here we demonstrate that the adenovirus E4orf6 protein, but not the E1B 55-kDa protein or T antigen, interacts with p73. The E4orf6 protein inhibits p73-mediated transcriptional activation and cell killing in a manner similar to its effect on p53. Thus, only a subset of viral oncoproteins that antagonize p53 function also interacts with the related p73 protein.
Corrigendum to: “Aspherical four-manifolds and the centres of two-knot groups”

M. N. Dyer has pointed out that the proof of the key Lemma on "hopfian" rings in w of [1] is incorrect. As I have been unable to find a correct argument, the results on pages 465-469 are moot. (Corollaries 2 and 3 on page 470 are true as it is easy to see that the lemma holds for any commutative ring, while the results in w use only Kaplansky's original theorem, and not the lemma.) I hope that some ring-theorist may be able to prove the lemma. In the first line of page 469, the map from /-/~(C*) to Homr (H2(C,I, F) given by the universal coefficient spectral sequence is, a priori, only a monomorphism. However the theorem is still true (without any essential change in the argument), modulo the lemma. A. Suciu has pointed out that the map �9 in line 1 of page 471 should be replaced by its square 4 2, to ensure that the mapping torus M be orientable. I am grateful to Dyer and Suciu for their observations.
Failure to thrive caused by the coexistence of vallecular cyst, laryngomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux in an infant.

Summary Vallecular cyst is a rare but dangerous cause of stridor in neonates and young infants. Without recognition and proper therapy, the resulting airway obstruction can lead to serious morbidity and mortality. We herein report a young infant with a vallecular cyst synchronous with laryngomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux. The infant initially presented with signs and symptoms mimicking more benign laryngomalacia. Diagnosis was delayed with accompanying failure to thrive. The cyst was revealed by a barium esophagogram and confirmed by flexible bronchoscopy. Laryngomicrosurgery with CO 2 laser not only removed the cyst, but resolved the co-existing laryngomalacia and gastroesophageal relfux as well. After surgery, the infant was symptom free and exhibited a steady weight gain. There was no recurrence during 1 year of follow-up. We have reviewed the literature for this rare and potentially devastating lesion.
Interleukin-2 Protects Neonatal Mice from Lethal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: A Macrophage-Mediated, γ Interferon-Induced Mechanism

Administration of human recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) protected neonatal mice from a lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Protection was not associated with viral antibody production, enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity, or intrinsic resistance of macrophages to viral infection. Protection was associated with increased macrophage-mediated antiviral antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Spleen cells from IL-2-treated neonatal mice and from neonatal mice that were treated in vitro with IL-2 transferred protection to neonatal mice. These cells, by adherence, silica, and asialo GM 1 antibody treatment, were shown to be macrophages. IL-2 treatment in vitro enhanced the neonatal macrophages' ADCC function and superoxide release. Similar protection was induced by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-treated spleen cells. Antibody to IFN-gamma ablated both IFN-gamma- and IL-2-induced protection by adherent spleen cells. Thus, IL-2-mediated protection against murine neonatal HSV infection was affected by stimulated macrophage activity, via helper T cell-produced IFN-gamma.
Giant fluorescence enhancement of molecules coupled to plasmonic nanoscale patch antennas

We demonstrate a colloidally synthesized and tunable plasmonic platform for giant fluorescence enhancement and increased spontaneous emission rate of embedded fluorophores. A transition between fluorescence enhancement and quenching is revealed depending on the plasmonic resonance.
Analyzing the requirements for a robust security criteria and management of multi-level security in the clouds

The new corporate approach to efficient processing and storage is migrating from in-house service-center services to the newly coined approach of Cloud Computing. This approach advocates thin clients and providing services by the service provider over time-shared resources. The concept is not new, however the implementation approach presents a strategic shift in the way organizations provision and manage their IT resources. The requirements on some of the data sets targeted to be run on the cloud vary depending on the data type, originator, user, and confidentiality level. Additionally, the systems that fuse such data would have to deal with the classifying the product and clearing the computing resources prior to allowing new application to be executed. This indicates that we could end up with a multi-level security system that needs to follow specific rules and can send the output to a protected network and systems in order not to have data spill or contaminated resources. The paper discusses these requirements and potential impact on the cloud architecture. Additionally, the paper discusses the unexpected advantages of the cloud framework providing a sophisticated environment for information sharing and data mining.
Pay for Performance in the States

This research examines pay performance systems in the American states to determine the nature of policy diffusion and implementation patterns. Given the well-documented difficulties with pay for pe...
The SIQ‐III Test: Gender Issues in Literacy

The authors address concern in the field today about the literacy needs of boys. In a 1977 precursor to this article, it was literacy issues related to girls that appeared to command attention. As in that article and another preceding one, information is presented here as a true-false test. After taking the test, readers are provided with answers based on published research. An intervention program based on the score an individual receives on the test is also provided. Most answers are based on quantitative research, although the authors acknowledge the body of qualitative research that can provide insights on this important topic.
Room temperature static lattice dielectric constant of lead telluride by a microwave cavity-perturbation technique

Abstract We have measured the room-temperature static lattice dielectric constant of PbTe using a cavity-perturbation technique. The result, ϵs = 800 ± 220, implies a transverse optic phonon frequency ω TO = 23 ± 4 3 cm-1 in agreement with values extrapolated from low-temperature magnetoplasma measurements but in disagreement with the commonly-quoted neutron-diffraction result of Cochran et al., ωTO = 31.7 ± 1.3 cm-1.
Infrared Absorption Bands of Methane

The fine structure of the infrared bands of methane in the region 1-2\ensuremath{\mu} has been observed, and four new bands located at 1.135, 1.187, 1.330 and 1.734\ensuremath{\mu}. The 1.66\ensuremath{\mu} band observed by Moorhead was re-observed with the result that some 14 new lines were added to it. The line spacing in all the bands in this region is of the order of 10.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, but varies from 9.44 to 10.8 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. All the bands have sharp zero branches with a tendency to shade off on the low-frequency side, except for the one at 1.33\ensuremath{\mu}, which is quite symmetrical in all its branches. The positive branch of the 1.66\ensuremath{\mu} band decidedly converges to the red (line spacing increases towards the high frequencies), which was also observed by Cooley in the 3.5\ensuremath{\mu} band. The infrared data in the region observed favors the tetrahedral model assumed by Dennison for theoretical work. It is possible to use as a fundamental frequency ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}=2913$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, found in the Raman spectrum, in representing the harmonic and combination bands of methane instead of the usually assumed 4217 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ($={\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}+{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{4}$).
Fluid-velocity and reaction-rate effects during carbonate acidizing: application of network model

L'etude est realisee sur des carottes de dolomite et de calcaire. La dissolution de la matrice au cours de l'acidification par injection d'HCl et l'ecoulement des fluides sont modelises. Le phenomene de piquration est analyse
A model for fatigue crack growth, part II: modelling*

A fatigue crack growth prediction model for metals is presented. It is based on experimental evidence obtained on the aluminium alloy Al 7475-T7351, which is presented in Part I of this paper. This part of the paper generalises the results from Part I and develops a new fatigue crack growth prediction model for variable amplitude loading. The central parameter of this model is the crack propagation stress intensity factor, K PR . The general description of the relatively simple loading sequences in Part I of this paper in terms of K PR leads to a scheme that is denoted as the 'Fatigue Crack Growth Map.' This map defines all possible crack growth conditions and is the heart of the crack growth prediction method. It is shown that any arbitrary loading spectrum consists only of three different types of load cycles, Type I, II and III. This paper elaborates on the specific conditions that lead to a specific type of cycle and explains the determination of the corresponding K PR value. The model determines K PR cycle by cycle throughout a loading spectrum. K PR determines the driving force, ΔK eff , for the following cycle. The model requires the knowledge of the yield strength and the intrinsic threshold value, ΔK T , for the material, as well as five different functions that also depend on the material. Phenomenologically, the model accounts for residual compressive stresses ahead of the crack front, the intrinsic response of the material and crack closure, which is an extrinsic effect. A few variable amplitude loading sequences are presented to compare predictions of K PR with experiments. The results are in encouraging agreement.
Zinc is an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Its Role in Human Health

Zinc supplementation trials in the elderly showed that the incidence of infections was decreased by approximately 66% in the zinc group. Zinc supplementation also decreased oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased inflammatory cytokines in the elderly. In our studies in the experimental model of zinc deficiency in humans, we showed that zinc deficiency per se increased the generation of IL-1β and its mRNA in human mononuclear cells following LPS stimulation. Zinc supplementation upregulated A20, a zinc transcription factor, which inhibited the activation of NF-κB, resulting in decreased generation of inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are important contributing factors for several chronic diseases attributed to aging, such as atherosclerosis and related cardiac disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, immunologic disorders and the aging process itself. Zinc is very effective in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, the mechanism of zinc actions on oxidative stress and generation of inflammatory cytokines and its impact on health in humans will be presented.
Oral dysfunction following Nissen fundoplication.

In this case report we describe a child with mild neurologic impairment who developed debilitating gagging and retching, and severe oralmotor dysfunction following Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy tube placement. All oral intake ceased after the operation. Evaluation for postoperative dumping syndrome was negative, and the child's symptoms failed to improve despite numerous medical and surgical measures. However, immediately following reversal of the Nissen fundoplication, the child's gagging and retching ceased, and his oral-motor function began to improve. This is a previously undescribed complication of Nissen fundoplication, a surgical procedure commonly employed in children with neurologic impairment.
Behavioural fever in the turtles Terrapene carolina and Chrysemys picta

Abstract 1. 1. The body temperatures selected by box turtles ( Terrapene carolina ) and painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) in thermal gradients were measured before and after they were injected with live bacteria ( Aeromonas hydrophila ). 2. 2. Mean body temperatures increased 4–5°C following infection. 3. 3. Turtles are therefore capable of developing behavioural fevers as are certain iguanid lizards.
Effect of methanol and ethylene glycol on sulfates and halite scale formation

A self-consistent activity model is presented to calculate the effect of methanol on barite, gypsum, celestite, and halite solubility in methanol/water/salt and ethylene glycol/water/salt solutions. The model parameters are derived from experimental studies at 0−6 m ionic strength, 4−50 °C, and 0−90 wt % of methanol and to a lesser extent of ethylene glycol concentrations. Pitzer theory is used to model the effect of salt, and a Born-type equation approach is used to model the effect of methanol. The barite solubility is significantly reduced, by as much as 20-fold, with 50% methanol. Other mineral solubilities are also reduced significantly. Ethylene glycol has much less impact on the mineral solubility than methanol. Good agreements between the model prediction and both experimental and literature results are observed.
A study of the 68Zn(d,p)69Zn reaction with vector polarized deuterons

Abstract Cross sections and vector analyzing powers have been measured for the 68Zn( d , p) 69Zn reaction at Ed = 10 MeV. Transitions with l = 0,1,2,3 and 4 were observed. The data were compared to DWBA calculations to make spin and parity assignments and to extract spectroscopic factors. These calculations reasonably reproduced both cross section and vector analyzing power data over most of the angular range. One tentative and five new definitive spin assignments were made on the basis of the present data; ten spin assignments have been confirmed.
The “Pull” of Tourism Destinations: A Means-End Investigation

Means-end theory provides a practical framework for examining the relationships between the pull attributes of a destination (i.e., “the means”) and the higher level motivational forces important to the individual traveler (“the ends”). To the extent that these higher level forces correspond to the push factors that influenced one’s decision to travel in the first place, the means-end perspective provides a useful alternative approach for examining the relationship between push and pull factors in motivating and guiding travel behavior. This article examines the potential of using the means-end approach to examine push-pull relationships, demonstrates the use of the approach in an empirical study of spring break destination choice, and discusses key implications for future research and application.
Beyond the frege boundary

In sentences likeEvery teacher laughed we think ofevery teacher as aunary (=type ) quantifier — it expresses a property ofone place predicate denotations. In variable binding terms, unary quantifiers bind one variable. Two applications of unary quantifiers, as in the interpretation ofNo student likes every teacher, determine abinary (= (type ) quantifier; they express properties oftwo place predicate denotations. In variable binding terms they bind two variables. We call a binary quantifierFregean (orreducible) if it can in principle be expressed by the iterated application of unary quantifiers.
A New Dental Superalloy System: V. Embrittling Phase Transformations

The σ phase is rich in Ta. When the Ta concentration is less than 14%, σ does not interfere with the slip mechanism; when the Ta concentration is more than 15%, σ interferes with the slip mechanism. The coherent α-Co 3Ta phase forms at Ta concentrations of less than 15%, whereas incoherent γ-Co 2Ta forms only at higher Ta concentrations. The interface between σ and the matrix is an important factor in the failure mechanism.
A Hawken rifle and Bowie knife of John 'Liver-Eating' Johnson

AbstractAn S Hawken marked muzzle-loading percussion half-stock mountain rifle and a massive Wade & Butcher marked Sheffield Bowie knife formerly belonging to the famous mountain man John ‘Liver-Eating’ Johnson of Red Lodge, Montana are examined in detail. The descriptions of ‘Liver-Eating’ Johnson’s legendary Hawken rifle and Bowie knife as described within the Crow Killer saga written by Raymond Thorp and Robert Bunker in 1958 are compared with Johnson’s actual rifle and knife. The conclusion is that Johnson’s arms do not conveniently match the descriptions of the Jacob Hawken rifle and the long-bladed, rosewood handled Bowie knife featured in the Crow Killer legends of the 1840s and 1850s. The Samuel Hawken rifle appears to be a late production Hawken mountain rifle that may even have been built by J P Gemmer in the 1860s or later, which easily falls within the known historically reliable dates for John ‘Liver-Eating’ Johnson in the northern Rocky Mountains from about 1862 to 1900. The heavily used Wad...
An eating disorders prevention program.

PROBLEM. To develop, implement, and evaluate a school personnel training program on eating disorders. METHODS. The pretest-posttest control group design zuas used to examine effects of this training with 117 high school personnel. Both experimental (n= 85) and control (n= 32) groups were given a pretest and a posttest on knowledge and attitudes. The experimental group participated in a training program. Both groups zuere asked to keep a 3-month count of students at risk for eating disorders. FINDINGS. Results included a significant difference in knowledge between the experimental and control groups. School personnel in the experimental group were more likely to identify students at risk for developing eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS. Training school personnel to identify students at risk for eating disorders holds promise as a strategy for dealing with this disease. All at-risk students for eating disorders should be further evaluated and additional treatment initiated as needed.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Interactions of E. coli-K12 with OmpF in Outer Membranes: Effects of LPS Structures on Monoclonal Antibodies Binding

Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane, which is a highly asymmetric lipid bilayer, is composed of an outer membrane protein along with phospholipids (PLs) forming the inner leaflet and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) forming the outer leaflet. Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) porin is a trimeric integral membrane protein responsible for the passive transport of small hydrophilic molecules such as nutrients and waste products across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here, we report the structural properties of a model of the E. coli-K12 outer membrane and its interaction with OmpF using molecular dynamics simulations. Immunochemical and other experiments suggested several cell-surface exposed epitopes (antibody binding sites), which were recognized by various monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Molecular details of interaction between LPS core sugars and surface of OmpF suggest the importance of LPS core sugars in shielding of these epitopes. Results are compared with experimental evidence, which showed that with shortening of the LPS core sugars (rfa E. coli-K-12 mutants), the number of MAbs, that recognized porin surface epitopes, increased sequentially. To check the stabilizing effect of LPS structure on the extracellular loop conformations, results of interaction between OmpF and asymmetric E. coli-K12 bilayer are compared to those from OmpF simulations in a DMPC bilayer. In addition, overall membrane properties such as, electron density profiles, per-lipid surface area of each lipid type, and chain order parameters are compared with E.coli-K12 outer membrane in absence of OmpF. These results are also compared to our previous molecular dynamics results with E. coli-R1 outer membrane with OmpLA. Overall, membrane structural properties are comparable, however, individual lipid properties showed slight variations.
Nondispersive triple-correlation spectrometer for trace gas analysis

We showed that the output of an autocorrelation with a gas spectrum could be triple-correlated to reduce the effects of Gaussian noise. Such processing is directly applicable to a correlation spectrometer but could be applied to other designs. In spite of the added processing, triple- correlating the output of a spectrometer allowed us to generally increase the SNR by over a factor of ten. Even with as few as two measurements good results were obtained.
Recall and judged frequency of implicitly occurring words

Associative relatedness may facilitate free recall because associated words have occurred as implicit associational responses (IARs) to one another, their frequency of occurrence thereby being increased. This interpretation predicts that both recall and judged frequency of a word will increase with the number of times the word is an associate of other list words. Both predictions were confirmed. Additional results were as follows: (a) recall and judged frequency increased with increasing presentation frequency; (b) frequency discrimination was poorer at high than at low levels of presentation frequency; and, (c) discrimination of presentation frequency was poorer at 24 hr than at 0 hr.
Seasonal Changes in Components of Submarine Daylight

Measurements of the vertical absorption coefficients, and their seasonal variations, of several spectral bands of visible light have been made at two selected stations. One station was located in the Strait of Juan de Fuca near Cape Flattery and the other in Hood Canal near its junction with Puget Sound. Variations were found at both stations which indicate some evidence of correlation between the growth of microscopic life and the penetration of daylight into these waters.
A simplified analysis of [18F]3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine metabolism and retention.

Purpose: [18F]3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (FLT) is a thymidine analog developed for imaging tumor proliferation with positron emission tomography (PET). To quantitatively assess images, the blood activities of FLT and its glucuronidated metabolite were measured and its kinetics analyzed. This study sought to limit the number of blood samples needed to measure FLT retention. Methods: Total FLT activity was measured from 18 venous samples obtained over the first hour and dynamic imaging performed on 33 patients (average dose 350 MBq/mmol). The 5-, 10-, 30- and 60-min samples were analyzed to measure the fraction of activity in FLT and its glucuronide. HPLC analysis was compared against a two-step column (Sep-Pak) and metabolic rates measured using full and limited sampling. Probenecid (2 g, oral) was given to two patients to determine whether imaging of the liver improved. Results: At 60 min, 74% of the blood activity was unmetabolized (range 57–85%). HPLC and Sep-Pak gave comparable results (r=0.97; average difference 2.1%). For kinetic analysis, eight venous samples were sufficient to accurately measure total activity; for metabolite analysis, a single sample at 60 min yielded data with mean errors of 2.2%. The metabolic rate correlated with average SUV (r 2=0.85; p=0.0002). An aorta input function gave kinetic results comparable to venous blood (r 2= 0.82). Probenecid did not improve imaging of the liver. Conclusion: Dynamic measurements of FLT retention can be used to calculate metabolic rates using a limited set of samples and correction for metabolites measured in a single sample obtained at 60 min.
Nanotechnology in Silicon CMOS Fabrication and Nanoelectronics

Summary form only given. While novel device structures using nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and organic molecules may be far away, there are opportunities to use nanomaterials in solving critical issues faced by silicon CMOS downscaling. Two examples, both using carbon nanotubes, in chip cooling and developing interconnects were discussed. Following this, prospects of fabricating vertical and planar transistors using nanowires of silicon and germanium were discussed
Transcriptional and functional complexity of Shank3 provides a molecular framework to understand the phenotypic heterogeneity of SHANK3 causing autism and Shank3 mutant mice

Considerable clinical heterogeneity has been well documented amongst individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying phenotypic diversity. Genetic studies have established a strong causal relationship between ASD and molecular defects in the SHANK3 gene. Individuals with various defects of SHANK3 display considerable clinical heterogeneity. Different lines of Shank3 mutant mice with deletions of different portions of coding exons have been reported recently. Variable synaptic and behavioral phenotypes have been reported in these mice, which makes the interpretations for these data complicated without the full knowledge of the complexity of the Shank3 transcript structure. We systematically examined alternative splicing and isoform-specific expression of Shank3 across different brain regions and developmental stages by regular RT-PCR, quantitative real time RT-PCR (q-PCR), and western blot. With these techniques, we also investigated the effects of neuronal activity and epigenetic modulation on alternative splicing and isoform-specific expression of Shank3. We explored the localization and influence on dendritic spine development of different Shank3 isoforms in cultured hippocampal neurons by cellular imaging. The Shank3 gene displayed an extensive array of mRNA and protein isoforms resulting from the combination of multiple intragenic promoters and extensive alternative splicing of coding exons in the mouse brain. The isoform-specific expression and alternative splicing of Shank3 were brain-region/cell-type specific, developmentally regulated, activity-dependent, and involved epigenetic regulation. Different subcellular distribution and differential effects on dendritic spine morphology were observed for different Shank3 isoforms. Our results indicate a complex transcriptional regulation of Shank3 in mouse brains. Our analysis of select Shank3 isoforms in cultured neurons suggests that different Shank3 isoforms have distinct functions. Therefore, the different types of SHANK3 mutations found in patients with ASD and different exonic deletions of Shank3 in mutant mice are predicted to disrupt selective isoforms and result in distinct dysfunctions at the synapse with possible differential effects on behavior. Our comprehensive data on Shank3 transcriptional regulation thus provides an essential molecular framework to understand the phenotypic diversity in SHANK3 causing ASD and Shank3 mutant mice.
Simultaneous alpha map generation and 2-D mesh tracking for multimedia applications

We propose a semi-automatic alpha-map generation method, where video object boundaries that are marked interactively on some key-frames are tracked in all other frames using only YUV data to generate alpha-maps. We use a 2-D triangular mesh to represent and track video objects. One of the major problems in alpha plane generation by object tracking is the detection and classification of uncovered regions due to object motion and self-occlusion (especially in the presence of out-of-plane rotations). The proposed method can identify uncovered regions and then classify them as belonging to the object of interest or not based on color and motion similarities.
Toward a Public Policy and Marketing Understanding of Lobbying and Its Role in the Development of Public Policy in the United States

Abstract A key aspect of the public policy development process in the United States is marketing-laden competition among interest groups aiming to influence policy in their respective favors. Lobbying, the principal means by which this competition transpires, has vast potential to significantly affect marketplace law and practice—including marketers and consumers—in a widespread way. The purpose of this essay is to stimulate scholarly discussion on lobbying and its role in the public policy development process. Toward this end, the authors (1) discuss the nature of lobbying practice in the United States, (2) consider regulatory control and protection of lobbying activity, (3) formulate a theoretical framework from within which to understand lobbying from a public policy and marketing perspective, and (4) provide suggestions for the direction of further research.
Similar mechanisms underlie simultaneous brightness contrast and grating induction

The experiments explore whether the mechanism(s) underlying grating induction (GI) can also account for simultaneous brightness contrast (SBC). At each of three test field heights (1, 3 and 6 deg), point-by-point brightness matches were obtained from two subjects for test field widths of 32 deg (GI condition), 14, 12, 8, 6, 3 and 1 deg. The point-by-point brightness matches were quantitatively compared, using GI condition matches as a standard, to assess systematic alterations in the structure and average magnitude of brightness and darkness induction within the test fields as a function of changing test field height and width. In the wider test fields induction structure was present and was generally well-accounted for by the GI condition sinewave predictions. As test field width decreased the sinewave amplitude of the induced structure in the test field decreased (i.e., flattened), and eventually became negative (i.e., showed a reverse cusping) at the narrower test field widths. As expected, both subjects showed a decrease in overall levels of brightness and darkness induction with increasing test field height. For any particular test field height, however, relative brightness increased with decreasing test field width. This brightness increase began at larger test field widths as test field height increased. The results are parsimoniously accounted for by the output of a weighted, octave-interval array of seven difference-of-gaussian filters. This array of filters differs from those previously employed to model various aspects of spatial vision in that it includes filters tuned to much lower spatial frequencies. The two-dimensional output of this same array of filters also accounts for the GI demonstrations of Zaidi [(1989) Vision Research, 29, 691-697], Shapley and Reid's [(1985) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 82, 5983-5986] contrast and assimilation demonstration, and the induced spots seen at the street intersections of the Hermann Grid. The physiological plausibility of the filter array explanation of brightness induction is discussed, along with a consideration of its relationship to other models of brightness perception.
True Commitment or Empty Rhetoric? An ARIMA Analysis of the Deconcentration of Public Investment in Peru

MORRISON A. R. (1993) True commitment or empty rhetoric? An ARIMA analysis of the deconcentration of public investment in Peru, Reg. Studies 27, 41–52. Regional policies are ubiquitous in less developed countries, yet theoretical explanations for these policies are often ignored. This essay presents theoretical explanations–inspired by world systems analysis and more traditional Marxist analysis, dependency theory and neoclassical economic theory—for regional policy and examines their appropriateness for the Peruvian case. Subsequently, the strength of the link between political rhetoric favouring deconcentration policies and the reality of such policies is examined. Have successive governments kept their promises to distribute public investment more equitably over Peruvian regions? This question is addressed with the aid of ARIMA models which allow the effect of policy interventions to be gauged in straightforward fashion. The ARIMA analysis reveals that few governments have matched their regionalist rhe...
Review of cooling technologies for computer products

This paper provides a broad review of the cooling technologies for computer products from desktop computers to large servers. For many years cooling technology has played a key role in enabling and facilitating the packaging and performance improvements in each new generation of computers. The role of internal and external thermal resistance in module level cooling is discussed in terms of heat removal from chips and module and examples are cited. The use of air-cooled heat sinks and liquid-cooled cold plates to improve module cooling is addressed. Immersion cooling as a scheme to accommodate high heat flux at the chip level is also discussed. Cooling at the system level is discussed in terms of air, hybrid, liquid, and refrigeration-cooled systems. The growing problem of data center thermal management is also considered. The paper concludes with a discussion of future challenges related to computer cooling technology.
Nondrug Interventions in Hypertension Prevention and Control

This review was undertaken to address the relation of various factors to HBP and their potential for preventing and controlling this widespread problem. With respect to salt intake and BP, the 1999 Workshop on Sodium and Blood Pressure of the (US) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [5] will serve the reader well as a point of departure. The body of the present review provides more detailed discussion especially of recent epidemiologic research, including the DASH-Sodium trial, published more recently than the proceedings of that workshop. The DASH-Sodium trial demonstrates significant increases in SBP and DBP, with sodium intake greater than 65 mmol/d (= 3.7 g NaCl--see equivalencies in Appendix A) and with the usual American diet (versus the DASH diet). These results provide substantial evidence against current dietary practices in many populations where daily intakes of salt are much higher than recommended. We also have addressed alcohol consumption, micronutrients/macronutrients, physical activity and inactivity, obesity, cigarette smoking, and alternative approaches to treatment such as stress reduction/biofeedback, yoga/meditation, and acupuncture. Evidence for the efficacy of certain nonpharmacologic approaches to preventing and controlling HBP is strong. This evidence offers a basis for public health policies and clinical approaches that can greatly affect the incidence and consequences of HBP in the population at large. What is needed now is implementation of the policies and practices addressed here. Unless such action is taken on a large scale, we will have made poor use of the knowledge accrued over decades of research. The clinician is referred to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Web site at www.nhlbi.gov/health/prof/heart/index.htm for resource and guideline information for hypertension. Patients and the general public are referred to the sister web page at www.nhlbi.gov\health\public\heart\index.htm for educational fact sheets and general information on hypertension.
Low-dose 5-fluorouracil trabeculectomy as initial surgery in uncomplicated glaucoma: long-term followup.

Abstract Objective To compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy with adjunctive, low-dose, subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to trabeculectomy alone in patients with uncomplicated glaucoma undergoing their first incisional surgical procedure. Design Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative trial. Participants Consecutive series of 52 patients and 74 control subjects. Intervention Trabeculectomy was performed in all patients. Study patients received adjunctive, subconjunctival injections of 5-FU up to 14 days from the date of surgery. Main outcome measures Intraocular pressure, number of postoperative antiglaucoma medications, interventions, and complications were evaluated. Results Mean followup for all patients was 58.1 ± 44.1 months (range, 1.1–159.9 months). Mean followup for successful eyes was 55.9 ± 47.1 months (range, 7.6–159.9 months). The cumulative 5-year success (intraocular pressure [IOP] ≤ 21 mmHg) was 77.8% in the 5-FU group and 62.2% in the control group ( P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test. Complete success (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg without medications) at 5 years was lower in both the 5-FU group (72.3%) and the control group (51.3%). Postoperative mean IOP at 5 years for all successful patients was lower in eyes receiving 5-FU (10.7 ± 3.6 mmHg vs. 16.0 ± 6.1 mmHg [ P = 0.02, t -test]). For those patients considered to be complete successes, there was no difference in IOP between the two groups of patients at any evaluated time interval. Patients in the 5-FU group were using 0.7 ± 1.1 medications at final followup compared with 1.8 ± 1.4 medications in the control group ( P = t test). Bleb-related ocular infection occurred in 6.3% of patients and was more common in patients receiving 5-FU than controls (6 of 52 vs 2 of 74, respectively; P = 0.05, Fischer's exact test). Conclusions Adjunctive, low-dose 5-FU at the time of initial surgery in uncomplicated glaucoma improves long-term IOP control and reduces the need for postoperative, antiglaucoma therapy. Eyes receiving 5-FU are at greater risk of developing late bleb-related ocular infection.
Simulation at the start of the new millennium: crossing the quantum-classical threshold

It is clear that continued scaling of semiconductor devices will bring us to a regime with gate lengths of less than 50 nm. While there are questions to be answered in the fabrication of these devices, the questions that must be addressed in simulation are no less difficult. Indeed, pushing to dimensional sizes such as this will probe the transition from classical to quantum transport, and many new issues will arise that must be addressed.