cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Availability Modeling and Cost Optimization for the Grid Resource Management System

Grid computing is a recently developed technique for complex systems with large-scale resource sharing, wide-area communication, and multi-institutional collaboration. Although the development tools and techniques for the grid have been extensively investigated, the availability of the grid resource management system (RMS) has not been comprehensively studied. In order to contribute to this lacking but important field, this paper first models the grid RMS availability by considering both the failures of resource management (RM) servers and the length limitation of request queues. A hierarchical Markov reward model is implemented to evaluate the grid RMS availability. Based on the availability model, an optimization problem for designing the grid RMS is studied in order to minimize the cost by determining the best number of RM servers. Then, the sensitivity analysis is conducted, and a dynamic switching scheduling method is further presented based on the sensitivity analysis.
Exploiting the performance of 32 bit floating point arithmetic in obtaining 64 bit accuracy (revisiting iterative refinement for linear systems)

Recent versions of microprocessors exhibit performance characteristics for 32 bit floating point arithmetic (single precision) that is substantially higher than 64 bit floating point arithmetic (double precision). Examples include the Intel?s Pentium IV and M processors, AMD?s Opteron architectures and the IBM?s Cell Broad Engine processor. When working in single precision, floating point operations can be performed up to two times faster on the Pentium and up to ten times faster on the Cell over double precision. The performance enhancements in these architectures are derived by accessing extensions to the basic architecture, such as SSE2 in the case of the Pentium and the vector functions on the IBM Cell. The motivation for this paper is to exploit single precision operations whenever possible and resort to double precision at critical stages while attempting to provide the full double precision results. The results described here are fairly general and can be applied to various problems in linear algebra such as solving large sparse systems, using direct or iterative methods and some eigenvalue problems. There are limitations to the success of this process, such as when the conditioning of the problem exceeds the reciprocal of the accuracy of the single precision computations. In that case the double precision algorithm should be used.
An experimental model for complex dynamic control of the reinnervated face.

None of the standard approaches to facial paralysis has been able to reinstate active dynamic symmetry. This ultimate goal can be now envisioned by using the intact side as a source of information for mobilization of the impaired musculature along physiological principles. Facial expression results from intricate relationships between forces along different vectors which are exquisitely integrated by the central nervous system. When, for whatever reason, connections are severed between the midbrain facial nucleus and the muscles under its command, these missing circuits must somehow be reestablished. This entails both afferent and efferent connections, in lieu of proprioceptive input and motor output, both of which are indispensable to normal facial motility.
Assault and Flattery: Don Quijote and Jaime Manrique’s Cervantes Street

Cervantes Street (2012), a novel by the Colombian-born Jaime Manrique, pursues unanswered questions about the life and literary career of Miguel de Cervantes. One of the biggest mysteries for scholars of early modern Spanish culture has been the identity of the author of the sequel to the Part 1 of Don Quijote, published in 1614 under the pseudonym of Alonso Fernandez de Avellaneda and predating the ‘legitimate’ Part 2. Avellaneda and the Avellaneda Quijote are significant for a number of reasons, not least of which is that they factor into the structure and spirit of Cervantes’ Part 2. The spurious continuation inspires Cervantes, and it inspires Manrique, who imagines a ‘historical’ Avellaneda and traces his interactions with Cervantes. Like Don Quijote, Cervantes Street is a lesson in perspectivism, in revisionist history, in psychology, and in irony. Cervantes’ family, his wife Dona Catalina, and Sancho Panza (a fellow captive in Algiers) figure prominently in the effort at gapfilling, which has a qua...
Generalized and synthetic regression estimators for randomized branch sampling

In felled-tree studies, ratio and regression estimators are commonly used to convert more readily measured branch characteristics to dry crown mass estimates. In some cases, data from multiple trees are pooled to form these estimates. This research evaluates the utility of both tactics in the estimation of crown biomass following randomized branch sampling (RBS). Synthetic generalized regression (GREG) estimators are developed, and their properties examined against standard estimators. It is shown that synthetic GREG estimators with zero or low design-bias can be obtained, and that the variance of a design-unbiased class of GREG estimators can be unbiasedly estimated. Simulated sampling from 20 censused crowns of two Rocky Mountain species indicated that improvements in accuracy can be obtained through GREG estimation following RBS. Simulations also showed that synthetic GREG estimators that pool data from multiple trees can stabilize coefficients of multivariate regression models to provide improved accuracy over direct GREG estimators. However, for the univariate regression models that proved most adept for the censused crowns, direct GREG estimation provided the lowest average root mean squared error (RMSE) for RBS. Simulations also showed that model-based branch aggregation estimators have generally low RMSE but can be heavily design-biased. For the crown forms studied, use of branch auxiliary information at both the design and estimation stages through RBS and GREG estimation appears to be more efficient than using the information only at the estimation stage following simple or stratified random sampling.
Towards Adaptation of Linguistic Annotations to Scholarly Annotation Formalisms on the Semantic Web

This paper explores how and why the Linguistic Annotation Framework might be adapted for compatibility with recent more general proposals for the representation of annotations in the Semantic Web, referred to here as the Open Annotation models. We argue that the adapted model, in addition to being interoperable with other annotations and annotation tools, also resolves some representational limitations and semantic ambiguity of the original data model.
Crusader as Lover: The Eroticized Poetics of Crusading in Medieval France

The crusading lover is one of the most romantic figures of medieval literature, exemplified in the story of Jaufre Rudel, the troubadour poet who was so in love with the countess of Tripoli that in order to see her he became a crusader and set off for the Holy Land:
Reliability analysis of common hazardous waste treatment processes

Five hazardous waste treatment processes are analyzed probabilistically using Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the relationships between process safety factors and reliability levels. The treatment processes evaluated are packed tower aeration, reverse osmosis, activated sludge, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, and activated carbon adsorption.
The Relationship of Irrigation to Public Health

Serious mosquito-caused health problems exist in many irrigated areas of United States; these problems are primarily result of same faulty irrigation structures and practices which cause water waste, damaged soils and reduced crop production.
Nature of serum factors causing agglutination of sensitized sheep cells and group A hemolytic streptococci.

Summary1. The SSC factor was demonstrated to be in the gamma globulin fraction of rheumatoid serum precipitable by dilution with water. 2. The SA reaction required the presence of both the water insoluble fraction and supernate. The former was specific for rheumatoid serum, the latter was found to be a component of normal adult human serum. 3. Reciprocal absorption experiments would indicate that the SSC reaction and the SA reaction are due to separate constituents of the gamma globulin.
Methods of Determining Equivalent Initial Flaw Size (EIFS) Distributions Containing Suspended Data

The equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) method of quantifying is common to both risk and probabilistic damage tolerance analyses. Recent studies have found that the results of these analyses are often most sensitive to the EIFS variable, yet it is the input with the most uncertainty. The uncertainty can be compounded by the fact that oftentimes, suspended data is not taken into account when constructing EIFS distributions. This study presents new existing and new methods for creating EIFS distributions with suspended data, as well as example problem highlighting the importance of including suspended data.
The Challenges and Possibilities for Regional Collaboration among Small Jurisdictions

This research note examines the Western Wisconsin Intergovernmental Collaborative (WWIC), located in three mainly rural Wisconsin counties bordering the Minneapolis–St. Paul region, including the r...
Theoretical studies of the electrostatic stability of A, B, C, and Z-DNA conformers as a function of monovalent ion concentration and ion type

Theoretical calculations using a two-state model of counterion phosphate interactions have been performed in order to determine the electrostatic stability of DNA in various ionic environments. Comparison of the stabilities of different conformations leads to results consistent with the B→Z transitions observed in high-salt environments and suggest that at very low ionic strnegths the left-handed Z(II) form is an electrostatically preferred conformation. An ion-type dependence of the high-salt B→Z transition midpoint is predicted. Calculations of the energies of the A and C conformations are also discussed in relation to experimentally observed transitions.
Ab initio study of hydrogen migration across n-alkyl radicals.

A thorough ab initio investigation is conducted on all possible hydrogen migration pathways for the 1-ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentyl, 1-hexyl, 1-heptyl, and 1-octyl radicals in order to determine underlying trends in reaction enthalpies, activation energies, Arrhenius A-factors, tunneling, and rate coefficients. The G4, G2, and CBS-Q composite methods are used to determine the enthalpy of reaction and activation energy barrier for each reaction. Each method shows excellent agreement with eight experimental enthalpy of reaction values, with root mean squared values of 0.8, 0.9, and 0.6 kcal mol−1 for CBS-Q, G2, and G4, respectively. Differences in barrier heights, A-factors, tunneling, and rate coefficients are observed for axial and equatorial arrangements as well as between secondary hydrogen migration sites, depending on the location of the secondary site relative to the terminal carbon. The validity of using cycloalkane model systems to estimate rate parameters is also assessed. The failure of two ...
Cultured adult cardiac myocytes maintain protein synthetic capacity of intact adult hearts

Previous studies have shown that the rates of protein synthesis observed in embryonic and neonatal heart cells in culture are as much as nine times greater than the rates of synthesis observed in the intact adult heart either in situ or in isolated perfusion studies. This study addressed whether adult cardiomyocytes in long-term culture maintain the protein synthetic capacity of the adult myocardium or, rather, whether the protein synthetic capacity expands or falls as adult cardiac myocytes progress in culture. Protein synthesis was evaluated in isolated adult feline cardiomyocytes maintained in serum and insulin-supplemented medium for up to 53 days in vitro. With the use of both pulse- and saturation-labeling techniques it was determined that the rate of protein synthesis in adult cardiomyocytes was maintained at a level very close to that observed in the intact heart for over 1 mo in culture. Saturation-labeling studies indicate a fractional rate of protein synthesis at 6.1%/day and an absolute synthesis rate of 1,300 nmol leucine incorporated.g protein-1.h-1. Pulse-labeling studies revealed an initial increase in protein synthesis rates during adaptation to culture and a further increase after activation of beating and cellular hypertrophy.
Historieninventur als Untersuchungs- und Analysemethode

Aus Untemehm.enssicht sind generell Entscheidungen zur Internationalisierung aufgrund ihres langfristigen Einflusses auf die W ettbewerbsfiihigkeit von zentraler strategischer Bedeutung. 90 Fiir die Analyse historischer, internationaler Marktbearbeitungsstrategien wird eine holistische Untersuchungsmethode benotigt, die eine systematische Bestandsaufilahme und strukturierte Reflexion vergangener Marktbearbeitungsentscheidungen sowie ihrer Erfolge bzw. Misserfolge enn0glicht. Die Anforderungen andiese Methode miissen demnach Ansiitze zur Erkliirung der Wahl der Marktbearbeitungsstrategie einerseits beinhalten und andererseits Erkliirungsansatze zur Identifikation von Erfolgsfaktoren aufweisen.
Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology in the Nurses’ Health Study

Objectives. To review the contribution of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) to identifying risk and protective factors for colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods. We performed a narrative review of the publications using the NHS between 1976 and 2016.Results. Existing epidemiological studies using the NHS have reported that red and processed meat, alcohol, smoking, and obesity were associated with an increased risk of CRC, whereas folate, calcium, vitamin D, aspirin, and physical activity were associated with decreased risk of CRC. Moreover, modifiable factors, such as physical activity, vitamin D, folate, insulin and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, and diet quality, were identified to be associated with survival among CRC patients. In recent years, molecular pathological epidemiological studies have been actively conducted and have shown refined results by molecular subtypes of CRC.Conclusions. The NHS has provided new insights into colorectal adenomas, CRC etiology, and patho...
Modern Management of Preterm Infants Prevents Adverse Developmental Outcomes From Hypoglycemia.

In 2009, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development reported on a 2008 conference, “Neonatal Hypoglycemia,”1 noting that “There has been no substantial evidence-based progress in defining what constitutes clinically significant but transient neonatal hypoglycemia,” “There is no evidence-based study to identify any specific plasma glucose concentration (or range of glucose values) to define pathologic ‘hypoglycemia,’” and “Research studies are needed to fulfill this basic gap in knowledge and to help demonstrate the relationship between plasma glucose concentrations during the neonatal period and later neurological outcomes.” Since that report, there still are no prospective controlled trials to assess risks of any “low” glucose concentrations, their duration, their relationship to other concurrent pathology, or whether treated or untreated, the outcomes differ in any population of newborn infants. The significance of early postnatal low glucose concentrations, therefore, and their optimal management remain poorly defined. Especially problematic is our inability to sort out healthy neonates with transient low glucose concentrations from those in whom the low glucose concentrations are causing harm or are early harbingers of rare, but more pathologic conditions (congenital hyperinsulinism, metabolic disorders, hypopituitarism).2 Given the lack of … Address correspondence to William W. Hay, Jr, MD, Perinatal Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus F441, 13243 East 23rd Ave, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: bill.hay{at}ucdenver.edu
SHIFTING THE FUTURE? TEACHERS AS AGENTS OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN SOUTH AFRICAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

South Africa has risen to the forefront of educational debates that claim schooling can promote social justice and social cohesion. By drawing on Freireâ€™s (1970) theory of critical pedagogy, this paper examines how South African teachers in rural and township schools encourage students to reflect critically upon their own lives and take action to improve issues of inequality, violence, and insecurity. It argues that teachers understand their roles as agents of social change primarily as encouraging respect, morality, and racial reconciliation among learners. The ways in which the youth take up the teachersâ€™ efforts to promote change depends upon how the teachersâ€™ practices speak to the studentsâ€™ own life circumstances. When the youth relate to the teachersâ€™ life stories and course material, they engage in the process of moral translation. In other words, the youth rework their lessons into ideas of how they should behave as moral human beings. Yet, frequently young South Africans do not learn a morality based on a Freirean notion of social justice â€“ a seemingly central component to the national curriculum â€“ but instead a morality based on individualised notions of personal responsibility and hope for a better future. The paper concludes with several suggestions to improve educational practices for social justice.
Effect of postoperative complications on adjuvant chemotherapy use in stage III colon cancer.

551 Background: The National Quality Forum has endorsed the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer yet a substantial treatment gap exists in the United States. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of postoperative complications on the use of adjuvant therapy after colectomy for cancer. Methods: Patients from the ACS NSQIP and the NCDB who underwent colon resection for cancer were linked (2006-2008) to create a novel dataset containing robust information on comorbidities, complications, and oncologic variables. The association of complications on adjuvant chemotherapy use was assessed using multivariable regression models. Results: From 140 hospitals, 2414 patients underwent resection for stage III colon adenocarcinoma (open colectomy: 64%, laparoscopic colectomy: 36%). Overall, 896 (37.1%) patients were not treated with adjuvant therapy, of which 116 (12.9%) had documented severe comorbidities or advanced age as the reason for no adjuvant therapy receipt. Of the remaining 780 pat...
Surface Structure and Stability of Partially Hydroxylated Silica Surfaces.

Surface energies of silicates influence crack propagation during brittle fracture and decrease with surface relaxation caused by annealing and hydroxylation. Molecular-level simulations are particularly suited for the investigation of surface processes. In this work, classical MD simulations of silica surfaces are performed with two force fields (ClayFF and ReaxFF) to investigate the effect of force field reactivity on surface structure and energy as a function of surface hydroxylation. An unhydroxylated fracture surface energy of 5.1 J/m2 is calculated with the ClayFF force field, and 2.0 J/m2 is calculated for the ReaxFF force field. The ClayFF surface energies are consistent with the experimental results from double cantilever beam fracture tests (4.5 J/m2), whereas ReaxFF underestimated these surface energies. Surface relaxation via annealing and hydroxylation was performed by creating a low-energy equilibrium surface. Annealing condensed neighboring siloxane bonds increased the surface connectivity, ...
A Markov decision process model for equitable distribution of supplies under uncertainty

Abstract Many individuals suffering from food insecurity obtain assistance from governmental programs and nonprofit agencies such as food banks. Much of the food distributed by food banks come from donations which are received from various sources in uncertain quantities at random points in time. This paper presents a model that can assist food banks in distributing these uncertain supplies equitably and measure the performance of their distribution efforts. We formulate this decision problem as a discrete-time, discrete state Markov decision process that considers stochastic supply, deterministic demand and an equity-based objective. We investigate three different allocation rules and describe the optimal policy as a function of available inventory. We also provide county level estimates of unmet need and determine the probability distribution associated with the number of underserved counties. A numerical study is performed to show how the allocation policy and unmet need are impacted by uncertain supply and deterministic, time-varying demand. We also compare different allocation rules in terms of equity and effectiveness.
Applying Nyquist's method for stability determination to solar wind observations

The role instabilities play in governing the evolution of solar and astrophysical plasmas is a matter of considerable scientific interest. The large number of sources of free energy accessible to such nearly-collisionless plasmas makes general modeling of unstable behavior, accounting for the temperatures, densities, anisotropies, and relative drifts of a large number of populations, analytically difficult. We therefore seek a general method of stability determination that may be automated for future analysis of solar wind observations. This work describes an efficient application of the Nyquist instability method to the Vlasov dispersion relation appropriate for hot, collisionless, magnetized plasmas, including the solar wind. The algorithm recovers the familiar proton temperature anisotropy instabilities, as well as instabilities that had been previously identified using fits extracted from in situ observations in Gary et al. [2016]. Future proposed applications of this method are discussed.
Kidney function, bone-mineral metabolism markers, and future risk of peripheral artery disease

Abstract Background and aims Reduced kidney function is a risk factor for lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the associations of novel filtration markers with PAD are yet to be quantified. Moreover, little is known on whether bone-mineral metabolism (BMM) markers are related to incident PAD beyond kidney function. Methods Using data from 12,472 participants at baseline (1990–1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, we comprehensively quantified the associations of kidney related markers with incident PAD (defined as hospitalizations with diagnosis of lower-extremity atherosclerosis, revascularization, or amputation). Kidney related markers of interest included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (based on creatinine, cystatin C, and both), cystatin C, beta-2 microglobulin (B2M), and BMM markers (serum fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus). Results During a median follow-up of 21 years, 471 participants developed incident PAD. Low eGFR was significantly associated with future PAD risk, with slightly stronger relationship when cystatin C was used (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 6.3–8.3 for eGFR Conclusions Kidney dysfunction was independently associated with future PAD risk, particularly when assessed with cystatin C and B2M. Among the BMM markers tested, phosphorus was most robustly associated with incident PAD beyond kidney function. Our results suggest the potential usefulness of novel filtration markers for PAD risk assessment and the possible role of phosphorus in the pathophysiology of PAD.
Mutation-dependent aggregation and toxicity in a Drosophila model for UBQLN2-associated ALS

Members of the conserved ubiquilin (UBQLN) family of ubiquitin (Ub) chaperones harbor an antipodal UBL (Ub-like)-UBA (Ub-associated) domain arrangement and participate in proteasome and autophagosome-mediated protein degradation. Mutations in a proline-rich-repeat region (PRR) of UBQLN2 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, neither the normal functions of the PRR nor impacts of ALS-associated mutations within it are well understood. In this study, we show that ALS mutations perturb UBQLN2 solubility and folding in a mutation-specific manner. Biochemical impacts of ALS mutations were additive, transferable to UBQLN1, and resulted in enhanced Ub association. A Drosophila melanogaster model for UBQLN2-associated ALS revealed that both wild-type and ALS-mutant UBQLN2 alleles disrupted Ub homeostasis; however, UBQLN2ALS mutants exhibited age-dependent aggregation and caused toxicity phenotypes beyond those seen for wild-type UBQLN2. Although UBQLN2 toxicity was not correlated with aggregation in the compound eye, aggregation-prone UBQLN2 mutants elicited climbing defects and neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) abnormalities when expressed in neurons. An UBA domain mutation that abolished Ub binding also diminished UBQLN2 toxicity, implicating Ub binding in the underlying pathomechanism. We propose that ALS-associated mutations in UBQLN2 disrupt folding and that both aggregated species and soluble oligomers instigate neuron autonomous toxicity through interference with Ub homeostasis.
An algorithm and user study for teaching bilateral manipulation via iterated best response demonstrations

Human demonstrations can be valuable for teaching robots to perform manipulation and coordination tasks. However, it can be difficult for human supervisors to provide demonstrations for multilateral (multi-arm) tasks, which require divided attention. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm called Bilateral Iterated Best Response (BIBR), which builds on the game-theoretic concept of Iterated Best Response. This algorithm allows a supervisor to train each manipulator iteratively, thereby reducing supervisor burden and improving the quality of demonstrations. We present a web-based user study of 51 participants controlling two agents in a GridWorld environment with a keyboard interface. We confirm prior work that bilateral demonstrations are noisier and longer than demonstrations provided separately for either manipulator when the task is asymmetric. As unilateral demonstrations lack coordination, this paper proposes learning coordinated bilateral policies from unilateral demonstrations by rolling out an estimated robot policy for one arm while the human demonstrates for the other, iteratively updating the estimated policy. Compared to a bilateral demonstration baseline, BIBR improves the success rate of the learned policy from 29.17% to 55.55% in the asymmetric task in the first full round of demonstrations. Furthermore, these policies learn trajectories that have 8.63% fewer steps and smoother trajectories, i.e., have 44.15% fewer changes in direction.
Proposed Axial-Field Machine for Range-Extended Electric Vehicles

As suggested in the previous chapters, the electric vehicle (EV) applications have attracted many attentions to cope with the energy issues. In general, the traditional EVs employ only the battery as the pure energy source so this type of EVs can only support for short duration trips and impractical practical for standard drivers. To extend the driving range for standard applications, the range-extended EV (RE-EV) that implements an internal combustion engine (ICE) as secondary energy source has become very attractive.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostic Radiology: A Survey at a Single Radiology Residency Training Program.

Abstract Purpose Advances in artificial intelligence applied to diagnostic radiology are predicted to have a major impact on this medical specialty. With the goal of establishing a baseline upon which to build educational activities on this topic, a survey was conducted among trainees and attending radiologists at a single residency program. Methods An anonymous questionnaire was distributed. Comparisons of categorical data between groups (trainees and attending radiologists) were made using Pearson χ 2 analysis or an exact analysis when required. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test when the data were not normally distributed. An α level of 0.05 was used. Results The overall response rate was 66% (69 of 104). Thirty-six percent of participants (n = 25) reported not having read a scientific medical article on the topic of artificial intelligence during the past 12 months. Twenty-nine percent of respondents (n = 12) reported using artificial intelligence tools during their daily work. Trainees were more likely to express doubts on whether they would have pursued diagnostic radiology as a career had they known of the potential impact artificial intelligence is predicted to have on the specialty ( P = .0254) and were also more likely to plan to learn about the topic ( P = .0401). Conclusions Radiologists lack exposure to current scientific medical articles on artificial intelligence. Trainees are concerned by the implications artificial intelligence may have on their jobs and desire to learn about the topic. There is a need to develop educational resources to help radiologists assume an active role in guiding and facilitating the development and implementation of artificial intelligence tools in diagnostic radiology.
A Supply Chain Framework for the Analysis of the Recovery of Biogas and Fatty Acids from Organic Waste

We present a supply chain optimization framework to analyze economic and environmental benefits of recovering biogas, caproic acid (C6), and caprylic acid (C8) from different sources of organic waste. The framework makes simultaneous decisions on technology selection, sizing and placement, and transportation logistics. We consider livestock manure, wastewater sludge, and food waste generated in urban areas, dairy farms, wastewater treatment facilities, and landfills. Case studies for the State of Wisconsin reveal that the deployment of biogas recovery technologies offers the most environmental benefits but it is not economically viable while the deployment of C6/C8 recovery technologies is economically viable but provides limited environmental benefits. The simultaneous deployment of biogas/C6/C8 technologies (in the form of hybrid recovery systems) achieves both objectives. We also show how to use our framework to guide experimental research by providing yield targets for technologies that would achieve ...
Hydrogen gas generation using a metal-free fluorinated porphyrin

Free-base meso-tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin, 1, is electrocatalytically active for hydrogen gas generation in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The electrochemical potential of hydrogen evolution (−1.31 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in THF) is comparable to those of metal containing electrocatalysts such as metallated porphyrins or other metallated macrocycles. Combining experimental observations and DFT computations, we propose the most favorable hydrogen generation mechanism to be a (1) reduction, (2) protonation, (3) reduction, (4) protonation (E–P–E–P) pathway.
Closed circuit desalination of O&G produced water: An evaluation of NF/RO performance and integrity

Abstract Reclamation and reuse of oil and gas (O&G) waste streams is being considered as an option to alleviate stress on freshwater supplies. While limited treatment is necessary to reuse O&G wastewater (e.g., produced water (PW)) for subsequent hydraulic fracturing, high removal of organic matter and total dissolved solids (TDS) is needed to enable broader reuse (e.g., irrigation, stream flow augmentation). This study focused on the use of closed circuit desalination with nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) to remove TDS and organic matter from pretreated PW. The performance and fouling propensity of three commercial NF and RO membranes was compared during the concentration of ~900 feed batches (440 h). Up to 99.6% TDS and 89% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed, producing high quality permeate. Membrane characterization revealed minimal scaling and organic fouling of the three membranes, suggesting that closed circuit desalination (CCD) might be a promising method to facilitate reuse of PW.
Challenges in Enterprise Wide Optimization for the Process Industries

Enterprisewide optimization (EWO) is a new emerging area that lies at the interface of chemical engineering and operations research, and has become a major goal in the process industries due to the increasing pressures for remaining competitive in the global marketplace. EWO involves optimizing the operations of supply, manufacturing, and distribution activities of a company to reduce costs and inventories. A major focus in EWO is the optimal operation of manufacturing facilities, which often requires the use of nonlinear process models. Major operational items include planning, scheduling, real-time optimization, and inventory control. This chapter provides an overview of major challenges in the development of deterministic and stochastic linear/nonlinear optimization models and algorithms for the optimization of entire supply chains that are involved in EWO problems. We specifically review three major challenges: (a) modeling of planning and scheduling, (b) multiscale optimization, and (c) handling of uncertainties. Finally, we also discuss briefly the algorithmic methods and tools that are required for tackling these problems, and we conclude with future research needs in this area.
Applying Toyota Production System principles to a psychiatric hospital: making transfers safer and more timely.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Health care organizations have increasingly embraced industrial methods, such as the Toyota Production System (TPS), to improve quality, safety, timeliness, and efficiency. However, the use of such methods in psychiatric hospitals has been limited. Methods A psychiatric hospital applied TPS principles to patient transfers to the outpatient medication management clinics (MMCs) from all other inpatient and outpatient services within the hospital's system. Sources of error and delay were identified, and a new process was designed to improve timely access (measured by elapsed time from request for transfer to scheduling of an appointment and to the actual visit) and patient safety by decreasing communication errors (measured by number of failed transfers). Complexity was substantially reduced, with one streamlined pathway replacing five distinct and more complicated pathways. To assess sustainability, the postintervention period was divided into Period 1 (first 12 months) and Period 2 (next 24 months). Results Time required to process the transfer and schedule the first appointment was reduced by 74.1% in Period 1 ( p p p p p = .48). The number of transfers per month successfully processed and scheduled increased 95% in the postintervention period compared with the pre-implementation period ( p = .015). Finally, data for failed transfers were only available for the postintervention period, and the rate decreased 89% in Period 2 compared with Period 1 ( p = .017). Discussion The application of TPS principles enhanced access and safety through marked and sustained improvements in the transfer process's timeliness and reliability. Almost all transfer processes have now been standardized.
Human ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells in culture: A comparative ultrastructural study

Primary and subcultured epithelial cells obtained from the human ectocervix and endocervix were compared by light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic techniques. In culture, both cell types were consistently free of surface-associated fibronectin as revealed by immunofluorescent studies. Ectocervical cell colonies exhibited a stratified appearance, whereas endocervical epithelial cells grew in a single layer with smooth overlapping of adjacent cells. In addition, the surfaces as well as the cytoplasmic organellar structures of both cell types showed many characteristic features related to the epithelium of their origin. These features were retained with the aging of the cells and were seen also in subcultures. These cultures should permit observation of the effects of steroids, as well as viral and chemical carcinogens, on the ultrastructural integrity of the epithelial cells. (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 137:681, 1980.)
The Maximum Capture Problem Including Relocation

In an earlier work on facility siting in a competitive environment it was shown how to site/) new facilities in such a way as to maximise market population captured from competitors. In this work a more complicated but more realistic problem is formulated — how to site a limited number of new facilities and relocate a specified number of old facilities — to meiximise the market share captured. Relocation is an important component of competitive facility siting because the entrance of competitors after the initial siting of outlets causes a change in the marketing landscape. Computational experience with this zero-one linear programming problem is provided in the conte5ct of the classic economic market strategies suggested by Coumot and Stackelberg. RESUME Dans un article precedent concemant l'emplacement des installations, nous avons examine comment P nouvelles installations pouvaient etre localisees de f agon a maximiser la population prise aux concurrents. Cet article vise a formuler un probleme plus complexe mais davantage realiste — comment determiner un emplacement pour un nombre limite de nouvelles installations et relocaliser un nombre specifique d'anciennes installations — en maximisant la prise de part de marche. La relocalisation est une composante essentielle de l'emplacement des installations competitives puisque l'arrivee de concurrents, apres la localisation initiale, induit une modification dans l'environnement commercial. Nous foumissons une estimation de ce modele de programmation lineaire en nombres entiers (zero — un) dans le contexte des strategies de marche de l'economie classique suggerees par Cournot et Stackelberg.
World Food Needs and Prospects

The purposes of this paper--in response to the invitation of the conference organizers--are four-fold. First, we will review the components of the food-nutrition challenge--low production levels, rapidly increasing population, and unequal income distribution. Second, we will describe the alternatives for increasing output--bringing new land into production, narrowing the “yield gap” (the difference between what yields are and what they could be, on both a per crop and per year basis),and prompting new crops. These possibilities, developed responsibly, represent an enormous food reserve on which nations now must call. Third, we will introduce some of the considerations of climate which must figure prominently in future agricultural programs. Finally, we will describe the realistic basis for hope which should lead us into action and not despair with emphasis on the response necessary to enable nations to at least alleviate, if not altogether solve, their nutrition problems.
Spaces of Algebraic Cycles Levels of Holomorphic Approximation

There is a fascinating phenomenon, observed in recent years in a wide range of contexts, which is roughly that: As degree increases, holomorphic data approximates topological data.
Was ist Leben

Es gibt keine allgemein gultige Definition vom Leben. Deshalb wurden wir fremde Lebensformen im Kosmos vielleicht gar nicht erkennen.
Usage of Online Resources by the Undergraduates Attached to the Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka

The online resources have emerged as one of the primary sources of information for teaching learning activity and research. Although the present era is mainly depending on online, all the students do not have adequate knowledge and skills necessary to exploit those resources. Hence it is essential for library professionals to analyses the online usage pattern of students before commencing awareness programmes. In this regard, the present study was designed to investigate the usage of online resources among the undergraduates of Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data among randomly selected 154 students. The study revealed that most of the students accesses Internet through smart phones for different educational purposes. Among them, purposes such as preparation for lecture and doing literature review are associated with academic year (p
Utility of Nuclear Stress Imaging in Predicting Long-Term Outcomes One-Year Post CABG Surgery

Background Early MPI after CABG is currently considered rarely appropriate in asymptomatic patients. This study aimed to identify prognostic value of nuclear stress-imaging post-CABG. Methods This was a single center prospective study looking at long-term outcomes post-CABG. Per protocol participants underwent SPECT-MPI stress testing and coronary angiogram on the same day, 1-year following CABG. Defect size was semi-quantified. The primary outcomes were the composite of death and congestive heart failure. Results Eighty-four participants underwent nuclear stress-imaging and angiography, with a median follow-up of 11.1 years. Three separate stress findings predicted the primary outcome: inability to reach stage 3 of a Bruce protocol (OR 7.3, CI 2.4-22.1, P Conclusion In clinically stable patients early after revascularization with CABG, SPECT-MPI can identify patients at higher risk of heart failure and death.
GridWatch : Sensor Placement and Anomaly Detection in the Electrical Grid

Given sensor readings over time from a power grid consisting of nodes (e.g. generators) and edges (e.g. power lines), how can we most accurately detect when an electrical component has failed? More challengingly, given a limited budget of sensors to place, how can we determine where to place them to have the highest chance of detecting such a failure? Maintaining the reliability of the electrical grid is a major challenge. An important part of achieving this is to place sensors in the grid, and use them to detect anomalies, in order to quickly respond to a problem. Our contributions are: (1) Online anomaly detection: we propose a novel, online anomaly detection algorithm that outperforms existing approaches. (2) Sensor placement: we construct an optimization objective for sensor placement, with the goal of maximizing the probability of detecting an anomaly. We show that this objective has the property of submodularity, which we exploit in our sensor placement algorithm. (3) Effectiveness: Our sensor placement algorithm is provably near-optimal, and both our algorithms outperform existing approaches in accuracy by \(59\%\) or more (F-measure) in experiments. (4) Scalability: our algorithms scale linearly, and our detection algorithm is online, requiring bounded space and constant time per update. Code related to this paper is available at: https://github.com/bhooi/gridwatch.
Larger Sheath Size for Infrainguinal Endovascular Intervention Is Associated With Minor but Not Major Morbidity or Mortality.

Background Infrainguinal peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) can be performed with a variety of sheath sizes. Our aim was to investigate the effect of sheath size on postprocedural complications after infrainguinal PVIs. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative (2010–2017) was queried for patients undergoing infrainguinal PVIs via retrograde common femoral artery access. Univariable and multivariable methods were performed to compare the effects of sheath size on access site complications, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day mortality. Results Of the 36,901 infrainguinal PVI procedures in the data set, the mean age was 69 years, and 59.1% of patients were male. Indications for intervention were claudication (41.6%), rest pain (13.2%), and tissue loss (45.2%). The femoropopliteal and tibial arteries were treated in 84.7% and 35.4% of cases, respectively. Interventions included stenting (39.2%) and atherectomy (21.3%). Sheath sizes of 7F, 6F, 5F, and 4F were used in 5225 (14.1%), 24,541 (66.5%), 6221 (16.9%), and 914 (2.5%) cases, respectively. Differences among sheath sizes were observed based on the ambulatory status; presence of diabetes, end-stage renal disease, previously stented ipsilateral extremities, anemia, preprocedural anticoagulation; and procedural details including indications, location of intervention, and intervention type (P 1 day (18.1% vs 25.3% vs 31.1% vs 27.9%, P 1 day (7F: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.39–2.05, P Conclusions In infrainguinal PVIs, larger sheaths increased the risk of minor access site hematomas, but not major morbidity or mortality. Larger sheaths were associated with longer postprocedural LOS, possibly because of conservative management of hematomas.
Health-Care Professionals Perceived Barriers to Effective Cancer Pain Management in the Home Hospice Setting: Is Dying at Home Really Best?:

Hospice health-care professionals (HCP) evaluate and manage cancer pain in patient homes. This study explores HCP's perceptions of barriers that affect pain management for home hospice cancer patients. A convenience sample of 20 experienced hospice HCP were recruited from a regional hospice agency. Data were collected through two focus groups using semistructured interviews and analyzed using a constant comparative approach to generate themes. An unexpected finding revealed patient's religious and cultural beliefs about suffering and family caregiver's beliefs that patients deserve to suffer due to past actions are barriers to pain management in home hospice. Hospice HCP can identify patients at risk for suffering at the end of life. Interventions targeting spiritual suffering and needs are needed. Home hospice HCP have an ethical obligation to address undue suffering through family's withholding of necessary pain medications and should consider alternative placement when home is not suitable for a peaceful death.
Acquisition and retention effects of ethylestrenol in a food-search task

Ethylestrenol, a synthetic anabolic steroid, was administered to adult male Long-Evans rats to investigate its role in acquisition and retention of a spatial food-search task. The animals were injected i.p. every other day either with 100 µg of ethylestrenol or with the vehicle alone. Injections began 1 week prior to testing and continued throughout the study. A modified hole-board task was used. After modest food deprivation, the animals were required to find a food reward placed in a given hole. Acquisition of the task was measured by the time required to reach the food hole. Eight trials were given per day. Following a 10-day period without deprivation (but with 2 injections on separate days), eight retention trials were given. Following this, the rats were trained to find the reward at a new location for 2 subsequent days. There were small differences between the groups in performance during acquisition in the original 5-day period but not in the final 2-day “new-hole” training period. During the retention test, however, the ethylestrenol-treated rats reached the food reward significantly faster than did the vehicle-treated rats. These results indicate that retention was substantially enhanced by the synthetic hormone-like agent under conditions in which there was only limited enhancement of acquisition.
Is Physiobehavioral Monitoring Nonintrusive? An Examination of Transcranial Doppler Sonography in a Vigilance Task:

ObjectiveThe current study was designed to determine whether continuous, physiobehavioral monitoring via transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) has negative effects on human performance or user stat...