cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Karen J. Warren (Ed.). Bloomington, IN: University of Indiana Press, 1997. 454 pp. $29.95 (paper).

I approached this text with virtually no prior knowledge of Ecofeminism, and only a smattering of experience with feminist theory as a whole. In such, this book, Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, and Na...
Vegetative Replication and Transfer Replication of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12.

Crosses were carried out at 34 C and 42 C between eight pairs of isogenic strains of Escherichia coli K-12. The donor and recipient of each pair carried the same mutation for temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis; they differed only in the presence of F-lac in the donor and a spectinomycin-resistance marker in the recipient. A different temperature-sensitive mutation was present in each of the eight pairs, the eight temperature-sensitive mutations being located in at least two different genes. In all eight pairs, the transfer of F-lac occurred at high and equal rates at 34 C and 42 C, although vegetative DNA replication at 42 C was approximately 10−4 of that at 34 C. The transfer of F-lac at 42 C was accompanied in seven of the eight crosses by an equivalent amount of DNA synthesis in excess of that observed in the unmated controls. The DNA synthesized during transfer at 42 C was characterized by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride and by its sedimentation velocity in sucrose gradients. It was found to have a density and a molecular weight characteristic of F-lac DNA. A small proportion of the material labeled during transfer was recovered in the form of covalently closed DNA. It is concluded that vegetative replication of the chromosome and transfer replication of F are separate processes, the former requiring at least two gene products which are nonessential for the latter.
Synthesis of palladium clusters by reduction of K2PdCl4 with ethylene glycol

Palladium clusters have been prepared by chemical reduction of [PdCl4]2− ions with ethylene glycol in presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone as protective agent. The palladium clusters obtained by reduction at 90°C for 2 hours had a diameter of ca. 2.8 nm and were quite monodispersed. Nano-sized palladium can have important technological applications in different industrial areas (e.g., hydrogen storage, catalysis, hydrogen sensors, etc.).
Cartop manipulation

This paper explores a novel mode of mobile manipulation using a car-like robot whose chassis does not extend above the height of its wheels. It transports an object that rests on top of the wheels, so as the robot moves forwards, the object moves forward relative to the robot. The robot must maneuver so that the object stays on top of the robot, or a second robot must be in position to receive the robot as it rolls off the first one. We describe the mechanics of this system, its basic maneuvers and manipulation techniques, present a motion planner for generating plans to transport an object, and give results of our experimental implementation of this system.
Large Injection and Suction Driven Channel Flows with Expanding and Contracting Walls

In this paper, the incompressible laminar flow is considered inside a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls. While the head-end is closed by a compliant membrane, the downstream end is fully unobstructed. For symmetric injection or suction along the porous and uniformly expanding walls, the Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to a single, nonlinear, ordinary differential equation. The latter is obtained via similarity transformations in both time and space. It is then solved both numerically and asymptotically, using perturbations in the crossflow Reynolds number R. Two separate approaches are presented for each of the injection and suction cases, respectively. For the large injection case, the governing equation is first integrated and the resulting third-order differential equation is solved using the method of variation of parameters. For the large suction case, the governing equation is first simplified near the wall and then solved using successive approximations. Results are then correlated and compared for variations in R and the dimensionless wall expansion rate a. For injection-induced flow, the asymptotic solution becomes more accurate when R/a is increased. Its deviation from the classic sinusoidal profile arising in nonexpanding channels becomes less significant with successive increases in R. Furthermore, expansion of the porous walls is found to promote a more gradual flow turning. Contraction during injection, however, leads to a quicker flow turning accompanied by progressively higher shear stresses and larger axial to normal velocity ratios. For suction-induced flows, faster wall contraction increases the effective Reynolds number -(a + R) and produces more accurate approximations. For the same absolute value of J?, the suction-flow approximation tends to be the most accurate of the two and the least sensitive to variations in a. As expected, the suction profile approaches the linear form anticipated in nonexpanding channels. By comparison with the injectioninduced flow, suction is characterized by improved accuracy, sharper flow turning, and larger shear.
β-blockers associated with reduced all-cause mortality in COPD.

Commentary on: PM Short, SI Lipworth, DH Elder, et al.. Effect of beta blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ2011;342:d2549.
BRIEF REPORT: FREQUENCY OF DREAM RECALL, CREATIVITY, AND A CONTROL FOR ANXIETY

Frequency of dream recall (fDR) correlated with a creativity score on the Remote Associates Test (RAT). This correlation was lowered by anxiety which correlated positively with fDR but negatively w...
Dereliction at the South African Department of Home Affairs: Time for the anthropology of bureaucracy

In this article, I consider how a temporal reorientation of bureaucracy studies – from retrospective analysis of outcomes to prospective analysis of states of possibility manifest in moments of bur...
Working Through Physical Disability in Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy With an Adolescent Boy

ABSTRACTThe narcissistic injury that may be caused by physical disability in infancy and the possible familial traumatization may block the integration of the infant's body and self-image, and can consequently hinder the child's identity formation. This article presents how an adolescent boy with cerebral palsy in short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy works through the mental impact of his physical disability using a story. Transference and countertransference reactions are discussed. The positive impact of short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy highlights the importance of caring for the mental health of children with physical impairments.
The Two-fold Characteristics of Yi Nationality's Hacicai Tune

Haicai Tune is the popular local music in the Nisu people villages in Shiping and Jianshu in Yunnan Province.Its causes of birth,spreading ways,musical function and musical form coincide with folk songs,while the occasion of its performance and its contents are in line with ditties.Haicai Tune is thus different from other types of folk songs.It has both the characteristics of folk songs and ditties.
Intravesical Transurethral Electrotherapy for the Neurogenic Bladder

AbstractIntravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the neurogenic bladder. The goal of therapy is 3-fold: 1) to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, 2) to initiate a detrusor contraction and 3) to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines direct electrical stimulation of bladder receptors with visual biofeedback using patient observance of a water manometric representation of the detrusor response.Since November 1984 we have evaluated and/or treated 24 patients with a neurogenic bladder. An electrocatheter is passed transurethrally into the bladder and the bladder is filled to a third of its capacity with normal saline. We then deliver 2 to 6mA. every 3 seconds for 90 minutes. Full treatment usually requires 30 to 90 sessions.Of the 24 patients 13 had only 1 evaluation and 10 had 3 to 39 sessions. Of those 10 patients 7 had significant detrusor activity that had not been present before treatment and 4 have a sens...
Cannabinoids for Symptom Management and Cancer Therapy: The Evidence

Cannabinoids bind not only to classical receptors (CB1 and CB2) but also to certain orphan receptors (GPR55 and GPR119), ion channels (transient receptor potential vanilloid), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Cannabinoids are known to modulate a multitude of monoamine receptors. Structurally, there are 3 groups of cannabinoids. Multiple studies, most of which are of moderate to low quality, demonstrate that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and oromucosal cannabinoid combinations of THC and cannabidiol (CBD) modestly reduce cancer pain. Dronabinol and nabilone are better antiemetics for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) than certain neuroleptics, but are not better than serotonin receptor antagonists in reducing delayed emesis, and cannabinoids have largely been superseded by neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists and olanzapine; both cannabinoids have been recommended for breakthrough nausea and vomiting among other antiemetics. Dronabinol is ineffective in ameliorating cancer anorexia but does improve associated cancer-related dysgeusia. Multiple cancers express cannabinoid receptors directly related to the degree of anaplasia and grade of tumor. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that cannabinoids may have anticancer activity. Paradoxically, cannabinoid receptor antagonists also have antitumor activity. There are few randomized smoked or vaporized cannabis trials in cancer on which to judge the benefits of these forms of cannabinoids on symptoms and the clinical course of cancer. Smoked cannabis has been found to contain Aspergillosis. Immunosuppressed patients should be advised of the risks of using "medical marijuana" in this regard.
Detection of control or idle state with a likelihood ratio test in asynchronous SSVEP-based brain-computer interface systems

We consider the detection of the control or idle state in an asynchronous Steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain computer interface system. We propose a likelihood ratio test using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) scores calculated from the EEG measurements. The test exploits the state-specific distributions of CCA scores. The algorithm was tested on offline measurements from 42 participants and the results should a significant improvement in detection error rate over the support vector machine classifier. The proposed test is also shown to be robust against training sample size.
The Radiological Hazards of Magnetic Fusion Reactors

The hope that fusion reactors will have fewer radiological hazards than competing fission technologies is an important rationale for fusion research. The possibility of achieving maximum reductions of hazard is explored by analyzing the effects of relatively minor modifications of the MARS design.
Results of Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO)

The results of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) have been incrementally reported in the literature since the late 1980s. There is now a rich history of short and intermediate-length outcomes with follow-up for as long as 20 years. This chapter will review in some detail the current status of our understanding of the outcomes, and how those data have influenced contemporary surgical decision-making. Briefly, when indications are limited to young patients with congruent joints and excellent hip mobility, good results in approximately 95 % of operated hips can be anticipated over the first 5 years, provided there are no intraoperative complications. The longest duration follow-up study, out to 20 years demonstrated survival of approximately 75 % of hips. It is not possible to include every worthy previously published peer-reviewed article, review article, or text book chapter that has been written on this subject. We ask the authors who have contributed such work for their understanding. Exclusion is not a reflection of any value judgment regarding the quality of the material.
A service-based framework for the OAIS model for earth science data management

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), in 2002, released their first version of a Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). In 2003, the model was adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as ISO 14721:2003. The CCSDS document was updated in 2012 with additional focus on verifying the authenticity of data and developing concepts of access rights and a security model. The OAIS model is the basis of research data management systems across institutions and disciplines around the world. The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), in 2006, released their first version of a Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). OASIS defines the SOA as “a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains.” Systems designed around the SOA model benefit from improved scalability, flexibility, and agility. This paper applies the SOA model to the OAIS repository to describe how repositories can be implemented and extended through the use of services that may be internal or external to the host institution, including the consumption of network- or cloud-based services and resources. We use the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design paradigm to describe a set of potential extensions to OAIS Reference Model: purpose and justification for each extension, where and how each extension connects to the model, and an example of a specific service that meets the purpose.
Models for objective evaluation of dysarthric speech from data annotated by multiple listeners

In subjective evaluation of dysarthric speech, the inter-rater agreement between clinicians can be low. Disagreement among clinicians results from differences in their perceptual assessment abilities, familiarization with a client, clinical experiences, etc. Recently, there has been interest in developing signal processing and machine learning models for objective evaluation of subjective speech quality. In this paper, we propose a new method to address this problem by collecting subjective ratings from multiple evaluators and modeling the reliability of each annotator within a machine learning framework. In contrast to previous work, our model explicitly models the dependence of the speaker on an evaluators reliability. We evaluate the model on a series of experiments on a dysarthric speech database and show that our method outperforms other similar approaches.
Modeling framework and computational algorithm for hedging against uncertainty in sustainable supply chain design using functional-unit-based life cycle optimization

Abstract In this work, we address the life cycle economic and environmental optimization of a supply chain network considering both design and operational decisions under uncertainty. A modeling framework is proposed that integrates the functional-unit-based life cycle optimization methodology and the two-stage stochastic programming approach for sustainable supply chain optimization under uncertainty. We develop a stochastic mixed-integer linear fractional programming (SMILFP) model to tackle multiple uncertainties regarding feedstock supply and product demand. To address the computational challenge of solving the resulting large-scale SMILFP problems, an efficient solution algorithm is developed that takes advantage of the efficiency of parametric algorithm and the decomposition-based multi-cut L-shaped method. We present a case study based on a spatially explicit model for the optimal design and operations of a county-level hydrocarbon biofuel supply chain in Illinois to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed modeling framework and the efficiency of the solution algorithm.
Effects of a randomized exercise trial on physical activity, psychological distress and quality of life in older adults.

Abstract Objective Evidence suggests improvements in positive psychological health indices (e.g., self-esteem) may explain the relationship between physical activity and quality of life (QoL) in older adults. Less is known about the role of reductions in negative psychological health indices (e.g., depression). The present study examined the effects of changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological distress on change in QoL in older adults enrolled in an exercise program. Methods Older adults (N=247, M age=65.68±4.59) participated in a six-month randomized exercise trial. Participants wore accelerometers and completed questionnaires to measure MVPA, psychological health, and QoL at baseline and post-intervention. Psychological distress was modeled as a latent factor comprised of anxiety, depression, sleep dysfunction, and stress. Structural models were used to examine the effects of changes in MVPA and distress on change in QoL. Results Increases in MVPA predicted reductions in distress from baseline to post-intervention ( B =−0.10, p =0.05). In turn, reductions in distress predicted increases in QoL ( B =−0.51, p =0.001). The indirect effect of MVPA on QoL through distress was also significant ( p =0.05; 90% CI=0.005, 0.125). Conclusions Findings extend previous research on the mediators of the MVPA-QoL relationship in older adults, suggesting reductions in negative psychological health outcomes may also mediate this pathway.
The Long Arm of Childhood in China: Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Objective: This study examined the association between childhood conditions and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China. Method: We analyzed data from the 2011 China Health a...
India and U.S. Cultures of Reform: Caste as Keyword

This chapter takes up Americans’ appropriations of the term caste in order to analyze the ways in which India figured into nineteenth-century U.S. debates over slavery and racial injustice. Drawing on newspaper and magazine articles, missionary commentary, and a range of novels, it first establishes that Americans used caste as a term for rigid and antimeritocratic social values and then shows how such authors as Julia C. Collins, Mary Hayden Pike, and Albion Tourgee applied the term as a means of critiquing racial hierarchies and their deformation of courtship and marriage. While such authors used caste to unsettle white American readers’ sense of racial superiority, they also participated in a delegitimization of the Indian other, who comes to represent a timeless incapacity for reform.
Paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with disseminated tuberculosis infection in an unrelated donor cord blood transplant recipient

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infrequent infection after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), with associated mortality up to 30%. The utility of universal screening for latent TB in HCT candidates is controversial due to the lack of sensitive screening tests. We describe a case of disseminated TB infection complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an adult double unit umbilical cord blood transplant recipient who originated from the United Arab Emirates.
Kostensenkung und Produktivitätssteigerung

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die in der amerikanischen Industrie am haufigsten verwendeten Rationalisierungsmasnahmen kurz dargestellt. Der erste Abschnitt befast sich mit den traditionellen, primar auf die Kostensenkung orientierten Verfahren. Im zweiten Abschnitt werden dann die in den letzten Jahren vermehrt anzutreffenden Produktivitatssteigerungsprogramme besprochen.
The Franco-Italian Settlement

Napoleon’s failure to draw the powers into a settlement, as well as his inability to reconcile the divergent interests of the papacy and Italy, revealed once more that the concert of the powers on national questions was a chimera, and that Catholic values could not be reconciled with the advent of a liberal ideology. Thereafter the emperor’s search for a limited conference was motivated by a desire to escape from the diplomatic check he had suffered. This was the basis for Pasolini’s second mission to London in December. Italy’s position as an ungratified secondary power gave it certain advantages in these talks, but its statesmen were still obliged to serve as a foil for the French emperor. Pasolini’s mission had in fact the unforeseen consequence of forcing Napoleon to consider a bilateral agreement with Italy on the question of Rome. The emperor’s admission that he ought “to do something for Italy” highlighted his own changing attitude. He would perhaps return to the Thouvenel Treaty-project of 1861. But with Drouyn de Lhuys at the Quai d’Orsay, a Franco-Italian settlement would doubtless have a different emphasis from that program proposed by the French and Italian liberals in 1861. The effort of the emperor to contain French liberalism within safe limits was not unconnected to the policies he pursued outside France. Everywhere European liberalism revived, carrying in its train radical pronouncements on the republic and democracy, spawning a clandestine and violently inspired press whose devotees partook of the doctrines of physical force and political murder. Napoleon concluded justly enough, and not unlike the other monarchs, that liberalism by its nature attempted to strike down his authority, that its excess threatened his throne and his life.1
N-Acetyltransferases, O-Acetyltransferases, and N, O-Acetyltransferases: Enzymology and Bioactivation

Publisher Summary Acetyltransferases play a central role in the metabolic disposition, detoxication, and bioactivation of a diverse group of drugs—carcinogens and other xenobiotics. Acetylation is a major metabolic pathway for primary aromatic amines (arylamines, ArNH) and hydrazines. In earlier times, acetylation was the principal mechanism for termination of the tuberculostatic action of isoniazid. The importance of human acetylation capacity is further illustrated by the propensity of phenotypically slow acetylator patients to experience methemoglobinemia or drug-induced lupus erythematosus or both when treated either with arylamine drugs or with various agents that contain the hydrazine moiety. The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of arylamines along with thedocumented environmental and dietary exposure to these agents have stimulated numerous investigations of arylamine metabolism. Thus, the premise that formation of unreactive arylamides by N-acetylation of arylamines is primarily a detoxification process and that oxidative Nhydroxylation is a toxification reaction is supported by a substantial body of evidence. However, the demonstration that arylamine N- acetyltransferases are versatile enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of both N-arylhydroxylamines and N-arylhydroxamic acids to reactive, electrophilic metabolites has broadened the scope of research on acetyltransferases, which are now included among those conjugation systems that play important roles in the bioactivation of xenobiotics.
A NUMERICAL METHOD FOR STEADY-STATE CAVITY FLOWS

Abstract : The objective of the work was to develop a numerical method for steady-state cavity flows to provide systematic correction of an initial, assumed free streamline position. The method is based on an inviscid, irrotational and incompressible flowfield, uses a numerical finite-difference representation with the fluid velocities as dependent variables, and obtains a solution by successive-overrelaxation. It has been implemented for two-dimensional fully cavitating flow past a vertical plate in a channel. Typical results and the computer program listing and output are given. (Author)
Tightening a deadly pore former.

A small molecule was identified that binds to a unique site on the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, stabilizing the protein structure allosterically and preventing the conformational activation to a pore former by BH3 proteins.
Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Two prior cohort studies suggested that choline, but not betaine intake, is associated with an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Given that evidence remains limited, we evaluated whether intakes of choline and derivative betaine are associated with total and lethal PCa risk and PCa death in men with PCa. We included 6,528 men (24.4% African American) without a cancer diagnosis at baseline (1987–1989) followed through 2012. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire coupled with a nutrient database. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total and lethal PCa risk overall and by race. Choline intake was not associated with total (n = 811) or lethal (n = 95) PCa risk overall or by race. Betaine intake was inversely associated with lethal (tertile 3 vs 1, HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35–1.00, p trend = 0.04), but not total PCa risk; patterns for lethal PCa were similar by race. Neither nutrient was associated with PCa death in men with PCa. Choline intake was not associated with total or lethal PCa or with PCa death in men with PCa. Betaine intake was inversely associated with lethal, but not total PCa risk or with PCa death in men with PCa. Our results do not support the hypothesis that higher choline intake increases lethal PCa risk, but do suggest that higher betaine intake may be associated with lower lethal PCa risk. Further investigation with a larger number of lethal cases is needed.
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation with Surface Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles

The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a prominent clinical concern. Due to the observed high levels of antibiotic resistance, copious biofilm formation, and wide array of virulence factors produced by these bacteria, new treatment technologies are required. Here, we present the development of a series of P. aeruginosa LecA-targeted polymeric nanoparticles and demonstrate the anti-adhesion and biofilm inhibitory properties of these constructs.
P38 Identification of Nifurtimox metabolites in urine of pediatric Chagas disease patients by UHPLC-MS/MS

Background Nifurtimox (NFX) is one of the only 2 available drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease, a parasitic disease endemic to Latin America. In spite of widespread use of this medication, little is known regarding its metabolism, particularly in children. The objective of this study was to develop a method to identify NFX metabolites in human samples, and apply it to the discovery of NFX metabolites in urine from pediatric patients undergoing treatment for Chagas disease. Methods Urine was collected from 12 pediatric patients and 8 healthy volunteers (controls), and anonymized before analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Samples were aliquoted, deproteinized with ACN (BNZ as internal standard) and centrifuged in cold. 10% of supernatant in water was injected into a 1.8 µm C18 column and chromatographed in 3.5 min under a water/ACN gradient at 0.4 mL/min in a Shimadzu Nexera X2 UHPLC equipment. Species were positively ionized by a Turbo IonSpray source. Metabolites were identified and characterized by an ABSciex 6500 QTRAP spectrometer through Enhanced-Mass-Screening (EMS), Neutral-Loss (NL), Precursor-Ion (PREC), Enhanced-Product-Ion (EPI) and MS3 experiments. For chromatographic monitoring, parameters were optimized and the three most intense Multiple-Reaction-Monitoring (MRM) transitions were selected. Results Denitrated NFX conjugated with cysteine (M1) and N-acetyl-cysteine (M2), as well as other phase I metabolites like saturated nitrile (M3), hydroxyamide (M4), carboxylic acid (M5) or aldehyde (M6) were identified in most samples. The final MS/MS detection method was high reproducible and sensitive for all metabolites. Conclusions We found the main NFX metabolites in pediatric urine using a fast MS/MS method that can allow us to efficiently study the role of NFX and its metabolites in pediatric treatment response and the adverse drug reactions, and in combination with PK/PD experiments will facilitate future clinical trials, and possibly develop new therapeutic drug monitoring strategies. Reference The research was carried out in the Translational Research Unit (IMIPP-CONICET), located in the Buenos Aires Children´s Hospital ‘Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez’, and financed by the Fund for Scientific and Technological Research (FONCyT, Project BID-PICT 2015–0168). Disclosure(s) Nothing to disclose
Oxocarbenium ion cyclisations under non-acidic conditions: Synthesis of tetrahydropyran analogues of the pseudomonic acids

Abstract Readily available C5 allylated 1,2-O-isopropylidene furanoside precursors are converted with complete stereocontrol, in a single step to derivatives of the tetrahydropyran subunits of the pseudomonic acids.
Enhanced stress tolerance through reduction of G3BP and suppression of stress granules

SUMMARY Stress granules (SG) are membrane-less ribonucleoprotein condensates that form in response to various stress stimuli via phase separation. SG act as a protective mechanism to cope with acute stress, but persistent SG have cytotoxic effects that are associated with several age-related diseases. Here, we demonstrate that the testis-specific protein, MAGE-B2, increases cellular stress tolerance by suppressing SG formation through translational inhibition of the key SG nucleator G3BP. MAGE-B2 reduces G3BP protein levels below the critical concentration for phase separation and suppresses SG initiation. Importantly, knockout of the MAGE-B2 mouse ortholog confers hypersensitivity of the male germline to heat stress in vivo. Thus, MAGE-B2 provides cytoprotection to maintain mammalian spermatogenesis, a highly thermo-sensitive process that must be preserved throughout reproductive life. These results demonstrate a mechanism that allows for tissue-specific resistance against stress through fine-tuning phase separation and could aid in the development of male fertility therapies.
Design of a low-cost, high-temperature inverted build environment to enable desktop-scale additive manufacturing of performance polymers

Abstract A heated build environment in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM) is used to promote layer bonding in printed parts and reduce the difference in temperature between the extrusion and environment decreasing the shrinkage, residual stresses, and part deformation. A build environment capable of maintaining a high-temperature (>200 °C) is often required to enable high-quality FFF printing of high-glass-transition, high-performance polymers such as nylon, PPSF, and ULTEM. Industrial-scale AM systems are capable of printing such polymers, as they offer a controlled, high-temperature printing environment; however, the machine cost often exceeds >$100,000. High-temperature printers are now available and at lower costs; however, the cost is still expensive (∼$30,000). Many of these printers use bed heating rather than controlled environment heating, which can lead to inhomogeneous heat transfer and inconsistent properties. The key barrier to offering high-temperature environments for desktop-scale FFF systems in a cost-effective manner is that the electrical components must be compatible with, protected from, or removed from environments exceeding 100 °C. To enable desktop-scale FFF printing of high-performance polymers at a low cost and high quality, the authors present a novel inverted FFF system design that provides a build environment of up to 400 °C. The inverted configuration effectively isolates the system electronics from the heated build environment, which allows for the use of inexpensive components. In this paper, the authors verify the inverted design concept analytically via a computational fluid dynamics model. The concept is then experimentally validated via a comparison of the strength of PPSF components printed on the inverted desktop-scale FFF system.
The influence of spanwise nonuniformity on lean blowoff in bluff body stabilized turbulent premixed flames

Abstract New observations are reported of the processes leading up to lean blowoff (LBO) in a two-dimensional confined bluff body flame by visualizing LBO from a spanwise perspective. Time-resolved OH* chemiluminescence imaging simultaneous with particle image velocimetry are used to characterize the spanwise structure and dynamics. For reacting conditions, newly observed large-scale corner vortex structures (CVS) are present downstream of the bluff body inside the recirculation zone near the span walls. The CVS are orthogonal to the conventional recirculation zone observed in a bluff body flow, and the CVS are absent under non-reacting conditions. As the equivalence ratio is decreased, the vorticity and circulation of the CVS increase, contributing to significant nonuniformity across the spanwise direction both inside the recirculation zone and on the surrounding combustion. Approaching LBO, increased quantities of vanishing combustion near the span walls implies increased quantities of reactants entering and diluting the recirculation zone. Since cold reactant entrainment into the recirculation zone has been suggested as a possibly important LBO contributing factor, the current study suggests that this wake disruption mechanism begins much earlier than previously thought. The CVS are also the final regions of the flow to extinguish before LBO is complete, emphasizing that LBO is a highly three-dimensional process. A bluff body with an aspect ratio three times larger was also investigated, and the LBO process is observed to remain qualitatively similar with significant spanwise nonuniformity and containing the CVS. This paper intends to improve the three-dimensional understanding of two-dimensional bluff body stabilized premixed flames approaching LBO.
Colombia inmanente. Escribir la historia desde la estética política (y no desde la mentira)

espanolEste texto fue escrito en respuesta a la muerte del destacado critico literario colombiano Carlos Rincon (1937-2018). Analiza sus dos ultimos libros publicados en Colombia, Iconos y Mitos Culturales en la Invencion de la Nacion en Colombia (2014) y Avatares de la memoria cultural en Colombia. Formas Simbolicas del Estado, Museos y Canon Literario (2015). El analisis se hace no sobre el contenido especifico de ambos libros, sino sobre su maqueta, su plano: no se revisa que dijo Rincon alli, sino como dijo lo que dijo. Se plantea que ese como permite entrever fragmentos de la historia de una Colombia global desde el angulo de la estetica politica. EnglishThis text was written in response to the death of the prominent Colombian literary critic Carlos Rincon (1937-2018). It analyzes his last two authored-books published in Colombia, Iconos y mitos culturales en la invencion de la nacion en Colombia (2014) and Avatares de la memoria cultural en Colombia. Formas simbolicas del Estado, museos y canon literario (2015). The analysis is done not on the specific content of both books, but on their sketch, their plan: the text does not review what Rincon said. Instead, it studies how he said what he said. It is suggested that this how allows us to glimpse fragments of the history of a global Colombia from the angle of political aesthetics.
Policy Blending and Recombination for Multimodal Contact-Rich Tasks

Multimodal information such as tactile, proximity and force sensing is essential for performing stable contact-rich manipulations. However, coupling multimodal information and motion control still remains a challenging topic. Rather than learning a monolithic skill policy that takes in all feedback signals at all times, skills should be divided into phases and learn to only use the sensor signals applicable to that phase. This makes learning the primitive policies for each phase easier, and allows the primitive policies to be more easily reused among different skills. However, stopping and abruptly switching between each primitive policy results in longer execution times and less robust behaviours. We therefore propose a blending approach to seamlessly combining the primitive policies into a reliable combined control policy. We evaluate both time-based and state-based blending approaches. The resulting approach was successfully evaluated in simulation and on a real robot, with an augmented finger vision sensor, on: opening a cap, turning a dial and flipping a breaker tasks. The evaluations show that the blended policies with multimodal feedback can be easily learned and reliably executed.
Physician Satisfaction with Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mayo Clinic Florida Experience.

Abstract Objective To evaluate physician perceptions and attitudes toward telemedicine use at a tertiary care academic institution in northeast Florida during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Patients and Methods An anonymous 38-question cross-sectional survey was developed using Qualtrics survey software (Qualtrics) and e-mailed to all staff physicians from all specialty disciplines at Mayo Clinic in Florida. The survey was open from August 17, 2020, through September 1, 2020. Collected data included general demographic characteristics and employment information, attitude and experience with telemedicine use before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, perception of patients’ experience, and the effect of telemedicine on burnout. Results The survey was distributed to 529 eligible physicians at our institution, with 103 physicians responding (20%). The distribution of specialties was 22% primary care specialties, 41% other internal medicine subspecialties, and 18% surgical specialties. Collectively, 63% found comparable quality of care when provided virtually (vs in-person) whereas 80% perceived telemedicine as cost-effective. A total of 76% of physicians felt that telemedicine increased flexibility and control over patient care activities, with 36% reporting improved work-life balance and 30% reporting improved burnout symptoms. Overall, 42% preferred using telemedicine over in-person visits when possible. Conclusion Physicians generally had positive attitudes regarding the adoption of telemedicine and perceived that the quality of health care delivery as generally comparable to in-person care. Future studies are needed to explore attitudes regarding telemedicine after the pandemic and how this virtual technology may be further used to improve physicians’ professional and personal well-being.
Bases and Base Catalysis – Industrial

Strong solid bases are effective catalysts for a wide range of organic transformations such as condensation, double-bond shift, alkylation (and alkenylation), and etherification. They also catalyze important chemical reactions that involve reagents containing heteroatoms like nitrogen, sulfur, and iodine, all of which adversely interact with solid acids. Moreover, acid–base bifunctional catalysts are used or reactions such as dehydration and hydrogenation. The focus of this article is on industrial processes that utilize solid base catalysts in the production of chemicals. Keywords: base catalysis; industrial processes; condensation; double-bond shift; isomerization; alkylation; alkenylation; etherification; dehydrogenation; oxyiodonation; thiolation
Optimization of reliability and power consumption in systems on a chip

Aggressive transistor scaling, decreased voltage margins and increased processor power and temperature, have made reliability assessment a much more significant issue in design. Although reliability of devices and interconnect has been broadly studied, here we characterize reliability at the system level. Thus we consider component-based System on Chip designs. Reliability is strongly affected by system temperature, which is in turn driven by power consumption. Thus, component reliability and their power management should be addressed jointly. We present here a joint reliability and power management optimization problem whose solution is an optimal management policy. When careful joint policy optimization is performed, we obtain a significant improvement in energy consumption (40%) in tandem with meeting reliability constraint for all operating temperatures.
Control of ozonolysis kinetics and aerosol yield by nuances in the molecular structure of volatile organic compounds

Abstract Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays integral roles in climate and human health, yet there remains a limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to its formation and ultimate fate, as evidenced by a disparity between modeled atmospheric SOA loadings and field measurements. This disparity highlights the need for a more accurate representation of the molecular-level interactions between SOA sources and oxidative pathways. Due to the paucity of detailed chemical data for most SOA precursors of atmospheric relevance, models generally predict SOA loadings using structure activity relationships generalized to classes of SOA precursors. However, the kinetics and SOA forming potential of molecules are nuanced by seemingly minor structural differences in parent molecules that may be neglected in models. Laboratory chamber studies were used to measure SOA yields and rate constants for the ozonolysis of several linear, cyclic and oxygenated C5–C7 alkenes whose molecular structure vary in the site of unsaturation and/or the presence/position of functional groups and that represent atmospherically relevant classes of molecules. For the alkenes studied in this work, we found greater SOA yields for cyclic compounds compared to their linear analogs. For 1-alkenes, SOA yield increased with carbon number but was also dependent on the position of the double bond (internal vs terminal). Both the identity and position of oxygenated functional groups influenced SOA yield and kinetics through steric and electronic effects. Additionally, terminal alkenes generally resulted in a greater SOA yield than analogous internal alkenes, indicating that the position of the double bond in alkenes plays an important role in its atmospheric fate. Herein, we demonstrate the nuanced behavior of these ozonolysis reactions and discuss relationships between parent compound molecular structure and SOA yield and kinetics.
Identification of critical inspection samples among railroad wheels by similarity-based agglomerative clustering

This paper proposes an unsupervised analysis methodfor identifying critical samples in large populations. The objective is to identify data features which help to pinpoint the critical samples that require the most inspection resources, namely time and money. Typically the data available for deriving the optimized inspection schedules in industry include both numeric and nominal features, and most clustering and classification algorithms are tailored for either numeric or nominal data. For this work, we adopt the Similarity-Based Agglomerative Clustering (SBAC) algorithm that has beenshown to be effective in clustering data with mixed numeric and nominal features. We present the effectiveness of this approach by applying it to an important problem in the railroadindustry, i.e., the inspection of railroad wheels.
Trangastric endo-organ resection of a proximal gastric lesion.

Introduction Gastric tumors confined to mucosa and submucosa can be resected with endoscopic resection techniques. They include endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [1, 2]. These techniques can be challenging when the tumor is large or is near the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. Transgastric resection is a novel technique of removing gastric tumors that are unresectable by endoscopy due to their size and location.
Patient preferences concerning the trade-off between the risks and benefits of routine radiation therapy after conservative surgery for early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSETo assess patients' preferences regarding the trade-off between risks and benefits of radiation therapy after conservative surgery for early-stage breast cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSUtilities (measures of preference) of 97 early-stage breast cancer patients treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy and 20 medical oncology nurses were assessed for five health states using standard gambles.RESULTSPatients had the highest mean utility for treatment with conservative surgery and radiation therapy without a local recurrence (0.92), intermediate utilities for treatment with conservative surgery alone followed either by no local recurrence or by a local recurrence salvaged by conservative surgery and radiation therapy (0.88 and 0.87, respectively), and the lowest utilities for treatment with or without radiation therapy followed by a local recurrence salvaged by mastectomy and reconstructive surgery (0.82 and 0.81, respectively). All differences between health states' utilities were significa...
Knowledge-based adaptive fuzzy control of drum level in a boiler system

A boiler system is an integral component of a thermal power plant, and control of the water level in the drum of the boiler system is a critical operational consideration. For the drum level control, a 3-element proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is a popular conventional approach. This scheme works satisfactorily in the absence of any process disturbances. However, when there are significant process disturbances, the 3-element PID control scheme does not perform well because of lack of knowledge of proper controller gains to cope with such disturbances. Inevitably over time and use, PID controllers get detuned. Hence, there is good motivation to investigate alternatives to this control scheme. Multivariable control of drum boiler systems has been studied by many researchers. However, these approaches assume some process model equations (to a more or less extent) to design a controller. This paper presents a model-free approach in the sense that no plant equations are assumed. The performance of the existing PID control scheme is observed, and collected data is used to gain knowledge about the process. Based on this process knowledge, an intelligent control technique, fuzzy logic control (FLC), is developed. The technique proposed in this paper was tested on a process simulator. This paper shows that an intelligent control scheme such as FLC gives better performance in rejecting process disturbances when compared to 3-element PID control scheme.
Diffractive optics applied to free-space optical interconnects

The optimum design of free-space optical interconnection systems utilizing diffractive optics is determined from a practical engineering standpoint for systems ranging from space invariant to fully space variant. System volume is calculated in terms of parameters such as the f-number of the diffractive lens, the wavelength of light, and also the total number, size, and separation of the optical sources and detectors. Performance issues such as interconnection complexity, diffraction efficiency, and signal-to-noise ratio are discussed. Diffractive optics fabricated by electron-beam direct-write techniques are used to provide experimental results for both shuffle-exchange and twin-butterfly free-space optical interconnects.